Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

LM Funding America, Inc. (“we”, “our”, “LMFA” or the “Company”) was formed as a Delaware corporation on April 20, 2015.

LMFA is the sole member of several entities including LM Funding, LLC, which was organized in January 2008, US Digital Mining and Hosting Co., LLC, which was formed on September 10, 2021 (“US Digital”); LMFA Financing LLC, formed on November 23, 2020, and LMFAO Sponsor LLC, formed on October 29, 2020 (LMFA is a majority member of LMFAO Sponsor LLC). Additionally, US Digital has formed various 100% owned subsidiaries to engage in business in various states. LMFAO Sponsor LLC formed a majority owned subsidiary LMF Acquisition Opportunities Inc. ("LMAO") on October 29, 2020 which was organized as a special purpose acquisition company that that completed an initial public offering in January 2021, whereupon the company ceased to be majority owned by LMFA. LMF Acquisition Opportunities Inc. was subsequently merged with Seastar Medical Holding Corporation on October 28, 2022.

The Company also from time to time organizes other subsidiaries to serve a specific purpose or hold a specific asset.

The Company currently has two lines of business: our recently commenced cryptocurrency mining business and a historical specialty finance business.

On September 15, 2021, we announced our plan to operate in the Bitcoin mining ecosystem, and we subsequently commenced Bitcoin mining operations in late September 2022. This business operation deploys our computing power to mine Bitcoin and validate transactions on the Bitcoin network. We conduct this business through a wholly owned subsidiary, US Digital, which we formed in 2021 to develop and operate our cryptocurrency mining business.

Cryptocurrency Mining Business

Bitcoin was introduced in 2008 with the goal of serving as a digital means of exchanging and storing value. Bitcoin is a form of digital currency that depends upon a consensus-based network and a public ledger called a “blockchain”, which contains a record of every Bitcoin transaction ever processed. The Bitcoin network is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network, powered by users participating in the consensus protocol, with no central authority or middlemen, that has wide network participation. The authenticity of each Bitcoin transaction is protected through digital signatures that correspond with addresses of users that send and receive Bitcoin. Users have full control over remitting Bitcoin from their own sending addresses. All transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain are transparent, allowing those running the appropriate software to confirm the validity of each transaction. To be recorded on the blockchain, each Bitcoin transaction is validated through a proof-of-work consensus method, which entails solving complex mathematical problems to validate transactions and post them on the blockchain. This process is called mining. Miners are rewarded with Bitcoins, both in the form of newly-created Bitcoins and transaction fees in Bitcoin, for successfully solving the mathematical problems and providing computing power to the network.

We obtain Bitcoin as a result of our mining operations, and we sell Bitcoin from time to time to support our operations and strategic growth. We plan to convert some of our Bitcoin to U.S. dollars. We may engage in regular trading of Bitcoin or engage in hedging activities related to our holding of Bitcoin. However, our decisions to hold or sell Bitcoin at any given time may be impacted by the Bitcoin market, which has been historically characterized by significant volatility. Currently, we do not use a formula or specific methodology to determine whether or when we will sell Bitcoin that we hold, or the number of Bitcoins we will sell. Rather, decisions to hold or sell Bitcoins are currently determined by management by monitoring the market in real time.

Factors such as access to computer processing capacity, interconnectivity, electricity cost, environmental factors (such as cooling capacity) and location play important roles in mining. In Bitcoin mining, “hashrate” is a measure of the computing and processing power and speed by which a mining computer mines and processes transactions on the Bitcoin network. We expect to continue increasing our computing power through 2023 and beyond as we expand the number of active mining machines. A company’s computing power measured in hashrate is generally considered to be one of the most important metrics for evaluating Bitcoin mining companies.

Specialty Finance Company

The Company has historically engaged in the business of providing funding to nonprofit community associations primarily located in the State of Florida. We offer incorporated nonprofit community associations, which we refer to as “Associations”, a variety of financial products customized to each Association’s financial needs. Our original product offering consists of providing funding to Associations by purchasing their rights under delinquent accounts that are selected by the Associations arising from unpaid Association assessments. Historically, we provided funding against such delinquent accounts, which we refer to as “Accounts”, in

exchange for a portion of the proceeds collected by the Associations from the account debtors on the Accounts. In addition to our original product offering, we also purchase Accounts on varying terms tailored to suit each Association’s financial needs, including under our New Neighbor Guaranty™ program.

In our specialty finance business, we purchase an Association’s right to receive a portion of the Association’s collected proceeds from owners that are not paying their assessments. After taking assignment of an Association’s right to receive a portion of the Association’s proceeds from the collection of delinquent assessments, we engage law firms to perform collection work on a deferred billing basis wherein the law firms receive payment upon collection from the account debtors or a predetermined contracted amount if payment from account debtors is less than legal fees and costs owed. Under this business model, we typically fund an amount equal to or less than the statutory minimum an Association could recover on a delinquent account for each Account, which we refer to as the “Super Lien Amount”. Upon collection of an Account, the law firm working on the Account, on behalf of the Association, generally distributes to us the funded amount, interest, and administrative late fees, with the law firm retaining legal fees and costs collected, and the Association retaining the balance of the collection. In connection with this line of business, we have developed proprietary software for servicing Accounts, which we believe enables law firms to service Accounts efficiently and profitably.

Under our New Neighbor Guaranty™ program, an Association will generally assign substantially all of its outstanding indebtedness and accruals on its delinquent units to us in exchange for payment by us of monthly dues on each delinquent unit. This simultaneously eliminates a substantial portion of the Association’s balance sheet bad debts and assists the Association to meet its budget by receiving guaranteed monthly payments on its delinquent units and relieving the Association from paying legal fees and costs to collect its bad debts. We believe that the combined features of the program enhance the value of the underlying real estate in an Association and the value of an Association’s delinquent receivables.

Because we acquire and collect on the delinquent receivables of Associations, the Account debtors are third parties about whom we have little or no information. Therefore, we cannot predict when any given Account will be paid off or how much it will yield. In assessing the risk of purchasing Accounts, we review the property values of the underlying units, the governing documents of the relevant Association, and the total number of delinquent receivables held by the Association.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of LMFA and its wholly-owned subsidiaries: LM Funding, LLC; LMF October 2010 Fund, LLC; REO Management Holdings, LLC (including all 100% owned subsidiary limited liability companies); LM Funding of Colorado, LLC; LM Funding of Washington, LLC; LM Funding of Illinois, LLC; US Digital (includes all 100% owned subsidiary limited liability companies) and LMF SPE #2, LLC and various single purpose limited liability corporations owned by REO Management Holdings, LLC which own various properties. It also includes LMFA Sponsor, LLC (a 69.5% owned subsidiary). All significant intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. The interim consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2023 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to provide a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal the year ended December 31, 2022.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts on the consolidated balance sheets have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Segment and Reporting Unit Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company comprise the CODM, as a group. The Company has two operating segments as of June 30, 2023, which we refer to as Specialty Finance and Mining Operations. Our corporate oversight function and other components that may earn revenues that are only incidental to the activities of the Company are aggregated and included in the “All Other” category. See Note 10, “Segment Information".

Digital Assets

When applicable, we account for all digital assets other than stablecoin as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. We have ownership of and control over our digital assets and use third-party custodial services to secure it. Digital assets that are purchased are initially recorded at cost and digital assets that are received in exchange for services provided are recognized at fair value as of the date received. Digital assets are measured on the consolidated balance sheet at cost, net of any impairment losses incurred since acquisition. We account for stablecoin as financial assets in accordance with ASC 310, Receivables. The stablecoin are recorded at cost less impairment, which approximates their fair value.

We determine the fair value of our digital assets that are accounted for as intangible assets in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on quoted prices on the active exchange(s) that we have determined is the principal market for such assets (Level 1 inputs). We perform an analysis each month to identify whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that our digital assets are impaired. If the current carrying value of a digital asset exceeds the fair value so determined, an impairment loss has occurred with respect to those digital assets in the amount equal to the difference between their carrying values and the fair value determined on lowest intra-day price.

The impaired digital assets are written down to their fair value at the time of impairment and this new cost basis will not be adjusted upward for any subsequent increase in fair value. When applicable, any impairment loss on digital assets held for investment would be recognized during the period incurred within "Impairment loss on digital assets" in other income/expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Impairment loss on mined digital assets would be recognized during the period incurred within "Impairment loss on mined digital assets" in operating costs and expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Gains or losses are not recorded until realized upon sale, at which point they are presented separately from any impairment losses. Any realized gain or loss from the sale of digital assets that were purchased as an investment is recorded in other income (loss), while any realized gain or loss from the sale of digital assets that were earned through mining operations would be recognized within operating costs and expenses. The Company accounts for its gains or losses in accordance with the first in first out (“FIFO”) method of accounting.

Digital assets earned by the Company through its mining activities, proceeds from the sale of mined digital assets, realized gain (loss) from the sale of digital assets and the loss on impairment of digital assets are included within operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, where applicable. Purchases of digital assets and proceeds from the sale of purchased digital assets and included within investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Equipment Purchases

We ordered 125 S19 XP machines in January 2023 from Bitmain for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $0.5 million which were delivered in April 2023. We also paid $0.3 million to acquire an additional 101 S19 XP machines from Bitmain which were delivered in May 2023.

Fixed Assets

The Company capitalizes all acquisitions of fixed assets in excess of $500. Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. State and local use tax for equipment shipped from overseas is generally accrued on a quarterly basis at the time equipment is placed in service and is paid to the state in which the equipment is being utilized. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets and commences once the assets are ready for their intended use. Fixed assets are comprised of furniture, computer, office equipment and mining machines with assigned useful lives of 3 to 5 years.

The Company classifies mining machine deposit payments within "Deposits on mining equipment" in the consolidated balance sheets. As mining machines are received, the respective cost of the mining machines plus the related shipping and customs fees are reclassified from "Deposits on mining equipment" to "Fixed assets, net" in the consolidated balance sheet. Refer to Note 4.

The Company operates in an emerging industry for which limited data is available to make estimates of the useful economic lives of mining machines. To the extent that any of the assumptions underlying management’s estimate of useful life of its mining machines are subject to revision in a future reporting period, either as a result of changes in circumstances or through the availability of greater quantities of data, then the estimated useful life could change and have a prospective impact on depreciation expense and the carrying amounts of these assets.

Intangible Symbiont Assets

The Company capitalizes acquisition of intangible assets such as trade name and patent portfolio, in excess of $1,000. Intangible assets (such as patent portfolio and trade names) are stated at cost, net of accumulated amortization. Amortizable intangible assets are amortized over their assigned useful lives. The assets acquired from Symbiont were capitalized at approximately $2.8 million. Refer to Note 11.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Management reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment amount is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

Coupon Sales

From time to time the Company receives coupons from Bitmain to incentivize purchases of equipment. Coupons have a stated face value in dollars and can be applied against future invoices for purchased machines. Coupons are transferable and there are not restrictions on the sale to third parties. Occasionally, the Company sells coupons to third parties in exchange for cash consideration. As there is currently no active market for the buying and selling of Bitmain coupons, the Company has determined that the fair value of coupons received is nil at the time of receipt therefore revenue associated with the sale of such coupons is not recognized until the sale transaction has been completed and cash consideration has been received from the third party. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company sold Bitmain coupons for approximately $26 thousand and $629 thousand respectively, which was recognized as other income within "Other income - coupon sales" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Hosting Contracts

On September 5, 2022, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary US Digital, entered into a hosting agreement (the “Core Hosting Agreement”) with Core Scientific Inc. (“Core”) pursuant to which Core, under various additional orders, agreed to host approximately 3,000 of the Company's Bitcoin miner machines at a secure location and provide power, maintenance and other services specified in the contract with a term of one year, with automatic renewals unless either party notifies the other party in writing not less than ninety (90) calendar days before such renewal of its desire for the order not to renew unless terminated sooner pursuant to the terms of the Core Hosting Agreement. In April 2023, the Company subsequently added approximately 1,400 machines under this agreement for Core to host a total of approximately 4,400 machines. The Company installed all of the approximately 4,400 machines at the Core site as of June 30, 2023. The Company entered into a supplemental agreement on August 4, 2023 to host 500 machines that will be moved from the Longbow Host Co LLC site.

As required under the Core Hosting Agreement, the Company has paid approximately $2.2 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 as a deposit. In December 2022, Core filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas. Core's bankruptcy filing has not negatively impacted our mining ability at their sites as of the date of this filing.

On January 26, 2023, the Company entered into a hosting agreement (the “Phoenix Hosting Agreement”) with Phoenix Industries Inc. (“Phoenix”) pursuant to which Phoenix agreed to host 228 of the Company's Bitcoin Miner S19J Pro machines at a secure location and provide power, maintenance and other services specified in the contract with a term of two years. This Phoenix Hosting Agreement would renew automatically for an additional two years if the Company were to provide written notice to Phoenix of our desire of renewal at least sixty (60) days in advance of the conclusion of the initial term of two years, unless terminated sooner pursuant to the terms of the Phoenix Hosting Agreement. As required under the Phoenix Hosting Agreement, the Company paid approximately $36 thousand as a deposit in January 2023. The Company and Phoenix mutually terminated this agreement effective April 18, 2023 and the Company's S19J Pro machines were returned to the Company in May 2023. The Company fully impaired the $36 thousand deposit during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

On March 9, 2023, the Company entered into a hosting agreement (the “Longbow Hosting Agreement”) with Longbow Host Co LLC (“Longbow”) pursuant to which Longbow agreed to host 500 of the Company's Bitcoin Miner S19J Pro machines at a secure location and provide power, maintenance and other services specified in the contract with a term of two years. Upon written request from the Company at least ninety (90) days prior to the conclusion of the then current term and approval by Longbow, the term shall renew for successive one year periods with a three percent (3%) increase as of the commencement of each renewal term unless terminated sooner pursuant to the terms of the Longbow Hosting Agreement. As required under the Longbow Hosting Agreement, the Company paid approximately $157 thousand as a refundable deposit in March 2023. The Company had 500 machines installed at the Longbow site as of June 30, 2023. The Company terminated this agreement on August 1, 2023.

On May 5, 2023, the Company entered into a hosting agreement (the “GIGA Hosting Agreement”) with GIGA Energy Inc. (“GIGA”) pursuant to which GIGA agreed to host 1,080 of the Company's Bitcoin Miner S19J Pro machines at a secure location and provide power, maintenance and other services specified in the contract with a term of one year. As required under the GIGA Hosting Agreement, the Company paid approximately $173 thousand as a pre-payment in May 2023 and expects to pay a refundable deposit of $173 thousand in August 2023. The Company had 720 machines installed at the GIGA site as of June 30, 2023 of which 360 were electrified.

Revenue Recognition – Bitcoin Mining

We recognize revenue for Bitcoin mining operations in accordance with ASC 606. The Company has entered into contracts with Bitcoin mining pool operators to provide computing power to the mining pools. Contract inception occurs daily and the contracts are

terminable at any time by either party. The Company’s enforceable right to compensation only begins when the Company starts providing computing power to the mining pool operator. When participating in ratable share pools, in exchange for providing computing power the Company is entitled to a fractional share of the Bitcoin award the mining pool operator receives for successfully adding a block to the blockchain, plus a fractional share of the transaction fees attached to that blockchain. The Company’s fractional share is based on the proportion of computing power the Company contributed to the mining pool operator to the total computing power contributed by all mining pool participants in solving the current algorithm. When participating in a Full Pay Per Share (“FPPS”) mining pool, in exchange for providing computing power to the pool the Company is entitled to compensation, calculated on a daily basis, at an amount that approximates the total Bitcoin that could have been mined using the Company’s computing power, calculated on a look-back basis across previous blocks using the pools hash rate index.

The transaction consideration the Company receives is noncash consideration, in the form of Bitcoin, which the Company measures at fair value on the date received in our wallet which is not materially different than the fair value at contract inception or time the Company has earned the award from the mining pools. Fair value of the Bitcoin award received is determined using the spot price of Bitcoin on the date received. The Company cannot determine, during the course of providing computing power, that a reversal of revenue is not probable and therefore revenue is recognized when the Company receives consideration from the mining pool operator.

Cost of Revenues

The Company includes energy costs and external co-location mining hosting fees in cost of revenues. Depreciation of mining machines is included within "Depreciation and amortization" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Investment in Securities

Investment in Securities includes investments in common stocks and convertible notes receivables. Investments in securities are reported at fair value with changes in unrecognized gains or losses included in other income on the income statement. The fair value of the Borqs convertible note receivable is based on its classification as a trading securities. The Symbiont convertible note receivable is reported at amortized costs less impairment. As a result of a bankruptcy judgment against Symbiont, the Symbiont convertible note receivable was used to purchase Symbiont's intangible assets which include software coding, customer contracts, trademarks, and other intangible assets. See Footnote 11.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

We account for investments in less than 50% owned and more than 20% owned entities using the equity method of accounting. Because we have elected the fair value option for these securities, unrealized holding gains and losses during the period are included in other income within the Consolidated Statements of Operation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is calculated as net income (loss) to common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

The Company issued approximately 1,560 thousand restricted shares during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The weighted average shares used in calculating loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 includes 260 thousand of restricted shares that were fully vested as of June 30, 2023 based on their respective vesting date and excludes 1,300 thousand restricted shares that were legally issued but not vested as of June 30, 2023. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company issues approximately 74 thousand shares at various times has weighted averaged these shares in calculating income (loss) per share includes the issued shares in calculating income (loss) per share for the relevant period.

Diluted income (loss) per share for the period equals basic loss per share as the effect of any convertible notes, stock based compensation awards or stock warrants would be anti-dilutive.

The anti-dilutive stock based compensation awards consisted of:


	As of June 30,
	2023		2022
Stock Options		3,597,578		3,956,827
Stock Warrants		7,677,441		7,677,441
Restricted Shares		1,300,000		-

Income Taxes

The Company’s calculation of its tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in various taxing jurisdictions. The Company recognizes tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on management’s estimate of whether it is more likely than not that additional taxes will be required. The Company had no uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Deferred income taxes are recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates. Temporary differences arise from net operating losses, differences in depreciation methods of archived images, and property and equipment, stock-based and other compensation, and other accrued expenses. A valuation allowance is established when it is determined that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The application of tax laws and regulations is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, the evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability for U.S., or the various state jurisdictions, may be materially different from managements estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially reverse previously recorded tax liabilities. Interest and penalties are included in tax expense.

The Company includes interest and penalties arising from the underpayment of income taxes in the statements of operation in the provision for income taxes. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes.

Income tax expense/(benefit) from operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was nil in each period, which resulted primarily from maintaining a full valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets.