S-1

S-1 1 d738839ds1.htm S-1 S-1

As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 27, 2019.

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Peloton Interactive, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

3600

47-3533761

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

125 West 25th Street, 11th Floor

New York, New York 10001

(866) 679-9129

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

John Foley

Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer

125 West 25th Street, 11thfloor

New York, New York 10001

(866) 679-9129

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Cynthia C. Hess

James D. Evans

Ran D. Ben-Tzur

Fenwick & West LLP

902 Broadway, Suite 14

New York, New York 10010

(212) 430-2600

Hisao Kushi

Chief Legal Officer and Secretary

Peloton Interactive, Inc.

125 West 25th Street, 11th Floor

New York, New York 10001

(866) 679-9129

Marc D. Jaffe

Ian D. Schuman

Latham & Watkins LLP

885 Third Avenue

New York, New York 10022

(212) 906-1200

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☒

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE



Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered	Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	Amount of Registration Fee
Class A common stock, par value $0.000025 per share	$500,000,000	$60,600

(1)	Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(2)	Includes the aggregate offering price of additional shares that the underwriters have the option to purchase.

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

LOGO

THE INFORMATION IM THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY RE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED MTH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE-THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES. AND WE NOT SOLICITINC OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN AMY JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS MOT PERMITTED. PELOTON Subject to Completion. Dated August 27, 2019. CLASS A COMMON STOCK SHARES This is the initial public offering of shares of Class A common stock of Peloton Interactive, Inc. We are offering shares of our Class A common stock. We have two classes of authorized common stock, Class A common stock and Glass B common stock_ The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class 8 common stock are identical. except with respect to rating and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Glass B common 5tOCk is entitled to 20 votes per share and is convertible into one share of Class A common stock. Outstanding shares of Class B common stock will represent approximately % of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock immediately following the completion of this offering, with our directors, executive officers and 5% stockholders, and their respective affiliates, holding approximately % of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock immediately following the closing of this offering, assuming in each case no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share will be between $ and $ We have applied to list our Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol ‘PION” We are an ‘emerging growth company’ as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements in future reports after the completion of this offering. SEE THE SECTION TITLED-RISK FACTORS’ BEGINNING ON PAGE 15 TO READ ABOUT FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE BUYING SHARES OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK. NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY OTHER REGULATORY BODY HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE- PER SNARE TOTAL Initial public offering price Underwriting discount Proceeds, before expenses, to us .(1) See the section titled “Underwriting” for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters. To the extent that the underwriters sell more than shares of Class A common stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to additional shares at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discount. The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on 2019. GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC J.P. MORGAN BOFA MERRILL LYNCH BARCLAYS USS INVESTMENT BANK COWEN CAP/ACCORD GENUITV EVERCORE IS! JIMP SECURITIES KEYBANC CAPITAL J.A.ARKETS NEEDHAM & COMPANY OPPENHEIMER 31 CO. RAYMOND JAMES 5TIFEL SUNTRUST ROBINSON HUMPHREY WILLIAM BLAIR TELSEY ADVISORY GROUP, LP Prospectus dated , 2019. SEE THE SECTION TITLED-RISK FACTORS’ BEGINNING ON PAGE 15 TO READ ABOUT FACTORS you SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE BUYING SHARES OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK_
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY OTHER REGULATORY BODY HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

LOGO

WE ARE A TECHNOLOGY MEDIA SOFTWARE PRODUCT EXPERIENCE FITNESS DESIGN RETAIL APPAREL LOGISTICS COMPANY

LOGO

ABOVE ALL ELSE, WE ARE AN INNOVATION COMPANY TRANSFORMING THE LIVES OF PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD THROUGH OUR EVER-EVOLVING FITNESS PLATFORM.1.4M+ TOTAL MEMBERS 55M+ TOTAL WORKOUTS IN FY2019 $915M REVENUE IN FY2019 95% 12-MO RETENTION RATE THIS IS JUST THE BEGINNING.

LOGO

TOGETHER WE GO FAR

TABLE OF CONTENTS


	Page

Prospectus Summary		1

Risk Factors		15

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		46

Industry and Market Data		48

Use of Proceeds		49

Dividend Policy		49

Capitalization		50

Dilution		52

Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data		54

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		60

Letter from John Foley, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer		90

Business		92

Management		111

Executive Compensation		119

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions		127

Principal Stockholders		131

Description of Capital Stock		134

Shares Eligible for Future Sale		140

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of Our Class A Common Stock		142

Underwriting		146

Legal Matters		151

Experts		151

Where You Can Find Additional Information		151

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-1

Through and including , 2019 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

Neither we nor any of the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses we have prepared. Neither we nor any of the underwriters take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the Class A common stock.

For investors outside of the United States: Neither we nor any of the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of our Class A common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information contained in more detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our Class A common stock. You should carefully read this prospectus in its entirety before investing in our Class A common stock, including the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes, provided elsewhere in this prospectus. Our fiscal year end is June 30, and our fiscal quarters end on September 30, December 31, March 31, and June 30. Our fiscal years ended June 30, 2017, 2018, and 2019 are referred to herein as fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively.

Overview

Our Purpose

We believe physical activity is fundamental to a healthy and happy life. Our ambition is to empower people to improve their lives through fitness.

We are a technology company that meshes the physical and digital worlds to create a completely new, immersive, and connected fitness experience. We are also:

…a media company that creates engaging-to-the-point-of-addictive original programming with the best instructors in the world.

…an interactive software company that motivates our Members to achieve their goals.

…a product design company that develops beautiful and intuitive equipment that anticipates the needs of our Members.

…a social connection company that enables our community to support one another.

…a direct-to-consumer, multi-channel retail company that facilitates a seamless customer journey.

…an apparel company that allows Members to display their passion for Peloton.

…a logistics company that provides high-touch delivery, set up, and service for our Members.

We are driven by our Members-first obsession and we will be any company we need to be in order to deliver the best fitness experience possible.

Who We Are

Peloton is the largest interactive fitness platform in the world with a loyal community of over 1.4 million Members. We pioneered connected, technology-enabled fitness, and the streaming of immersive, instructor-led boutique classes to our Members anytime, anywhere. We make fitness entertaining, approachable, effective, and convenient, while fostering social connections that encourage our Members to be the best versions of themselves. We define a Member as any individual who has a Peloton account.

We are an innovation company at the nexus of fitness, technology, and media. We have disrupted the fitness industry by developing a first-of-its-kind subscription platform that seamlessly combines the best equipment, proprietary networked software, and world-class streaming digital fitness and wellness content, creating a product that our Members love. Our highly compelling offering helped our Members complete over 58 million Peloton workouts in fiscal 2019.

Driven by our Members-first mindset, we built a vertically integrated platform that ensures a best-in-class, end-to-end experience. We have a direct-to-consumer multi-channel sales platform, including 74 showrooms with knowledgeable sales specialists, a high-touch delivery service, and helpful Member support teams. Our Members are as devoted to us as we are to them—92% of our interactive fitness equipment ever sold, which we refer to as our Connected Fitness Products, still had an active Connected Fitness Subscription attached as of June 30, 2019.

Our Connected Fitness Product offerings currently include the Peloton Bike, launched in 2014, and the Peloton Tread, launched in 2018. Both our Bike and Tread include a state-of-the-art touchscreen that streams live and on-demand classes. Our products have a multitude of interactive software features that encourage frequent use, facilitate healthy competition on our patented leaderboard, build community among our Members, and inspire our Members to track performance and achieve their goals with real-time and historical metrics. As of June 30, 2019, we had sold approximately 577,000 Connected Fitness Products, with approximately 564,000 sold in the United States.

Our world-class instructors teach classes across a variety of fitness and wellness disciplines, including indoor cycling, indoor/outdoor running and walking, bootcamp, yoga, strength training, stretching, and meditation. We produce over 950 original programs per month and maintain a vast and constantly updated library of thousands of original fitness and wellness programs. We make it easy for Members to find a class that fits their interests based on class type, instructor, music genre, length, available equipment, area of physical focus, and level of difficulty.

Our content is available on our Connected Fitness Products through a $39.00 monthly Connected Fitness Subscription, which allows for unlimited workouts across multiple users within a household. Our Connected Fitness Subscribers can enjoy our classes anywhere through our digital app, Peloton Digital, which is available through iOS and Android mobile devices, as well as most tablets and computers. We also have Digital Subscribers who pay $19.49 per month for access to our content library on their own devices.

Our revenue is primarily generated from the sale of our Connected Fitness Products and associated recurring subscription revenue. We have experienced significant growth in sales of Connected Fitness Products, which, when combined with our strong Connected Fitness Subscriber retention rates, has driven high growth in Connected Fitness Subscribers. Our Connected Fitness Subscriber base grew by 108% in fiscal 2019.

Our compelling financial profile is characterized by high growth, strong retention, recurring revenue, margin expansion, and efficient customer acquisition. Our low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn, together with our high Subscription Contribution Margin, generates attractive Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value. When we acquire new Connected Fitness Subscribers, we are able to offset our customer acquisition costs with the gross profit earned on our Connected Fitness Products. This allows for rapid payback of our sales and marketing investments and results in a robust unit economic model.

We are a fast-growing and scaled fitness platform. For fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019:

•

we generated total revenue of $218.6 million, $435.0 million, and $915.0 million, respectively, representing 99.0% and 110.3% year-over-year growth;

•

we incurred net losses of $(71.1) million, $(47.9) million, and $(195.6) million, respectively; and

•

our Adjusted EBITDA was $(51.8) million, $(30.4) million, and $(71.3) million, respectively.

See the section titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for information regarding our use of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA.

For fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019, key metrics of our business included:

•

Connected Fitness Subscribers of 107,708, 245,667, and 511,202, respectively; and

•

Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn of 0.70%, 0.64%, and 0.65%, respectively.

For a definition of Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value, see the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Business Model” and for a definition of Connected Fitness Subscribers, Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn, and Subscription Contribution Margin, see the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operational and Business Metrics.”

LOGO

Our Industry and Opportunity

Industry

We participate in the massive and growing global health and wellness industry. According to a 2018 report by the Global Wellness Institute, the total global spend on the wellness industry in 2017 was $4.2 trillion, of which the global fitness and certain categories of wellness, including meditation and yoga, spend represented nearly $600 billion. According to the International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association, or IHRSA, 183 million and 62 million people had gym memberships globally and in the United States, respectively, as of 2018.

We believe that we are significantly expanding the market for fitness equipment and products. According to our 2019 Member Survey, four out of five Members were not in the market for home fitness equipment prior to purchasing a Peloton Connected Fitness Product.

Opportunity

We consider our market opportunity in terms of a Total Addressable Market, or TAM, which we believe is the market we can reach over the long-term in our current and announced markets, and a Serviceable Addressable Market, or SAM, which we address with our current product verticals and price points.

According to our research, our TAM is 67 million households, of which 45 million are in the United States. Within our TAM, we estimate that 52 million households are interested in learning more about our Connected Fitness Products without seeing the price. We estimate that our SAM is 14 million Connected Fitness Products, with 12 million represented in the United States. Historically, our SAM has grown as our brand awareness has increased. With low brand awareness in our current international markets, we believe we will see SAM expand as we make further investments in building brand and product awareness in these regions. We will grow both TAM and SAM as we expand beyond our current geographies and grow SAM as we develop new Connected Fitness Products and content in new fitness verticals. With approximately 577,000 Connected Fitness Products sold globally as of June 30, 2019, we are approximately 4% penetrated in our SAM of 14 million. For a discussion of the methodology used in determining our TAM and SAM, see the section titled “Industry and Market Data.”

LOGO

*	Represents our total addressable market within our current and announced markets—the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany.

Consumer Trends in Our Favor

Increasing Focus on Health and Wellness

The growing awareness of the benefits of exercise and physical activity is driving increasing participation and spend in fitness and wellness. This has translated into consistent year-over-year growth of the fitness industry both in the United States and globally over the past two decades, even during times of economic recession. According to IHRSA, health club industry revenues in the United States grew at a 5.4% annual growth rate over the last ten years. In addition, employers and health insurance companies are investing in employee well-being by offering incentives for preventative health measures such as exercise. According to a 2017 study by the National Business Group on Health, 74% of employers offer employee wellness incentives, with the average employee incentive amount increasing from $521 in 2013 to $742 in 2017.

Streaming Media is the Leading Channel of Consumption

The quality, volume, and speed of streaming content has profoundly changed media consumption patterns. Consumers can select from extensive catalogs of content across video programming, music, books, and gaming, among other categories, allowing for personalized, on-demand consumption anywhere, anytime, and at a great value. According to Kagan, a media research group of S&P Global Market Intelligence, global digital music paid subscribers are estimated to have grown from 12.1 million in 2012 to 162.5 million in 2018. Similarly, digital video paid subscribers are estimated to have increased in the United States from 37.6 million in 2012 to 167.8 million in 2018.

Desire for Community and Shared Experiences

We believe consumers are increasingly spending on experiences and are seeking meaningful community connections. Within the fitness industry, consumers have migrated to boutique fitness due to personalization, expert instruction, and the sense of community. Boutique-style fitness offerings are the fastest growing brick-and-mortar fitness category. According to IHRSA, as of 2017, 40% of members of health and fitness clubs reported belonging to a boutique fitness studio, and from 2013 to 2017, membership in boutique studios grew approximately 121%.

Demand for Convenience

Household trends, longer working hours, and the rise of mobile technology make it challenging to balance time between family, work, and personal health and wellness. According to the Pew Research Center, over the last few decades, there has been an increase in dual income families from 49% in 1970 to 66% in 2016. We believe that busy lifestyles, less free time, and changing household dynamics are driving demand for convenient fitness options.

What Sets Us Apart

Category-Defining Brand with Broad Appeal

Peloton is the pioneer of connected, technology-enabled fitness. By meshing the physical and digital worlds, we have created an immersive experience that our Members love. We have scaled rapidly through data-driven marketing and education-based

sales efforts. Our marketing is made more efficient by the significant word-of-mouth referrals from our loyal Members, which has become one of our largest sales channels. As a result of strong Connected Fitness Product sales and low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn, we have grown our Connected Fitness Subscribers from 35,135 as of June 30, 2016 to 511,202 as of June 30, 2019, representing annualized growth of approximately 144.1%.

We are democratizing access to high-quality boutique fitness by making it accessible and affordable through the compelling value of our unlimited household Connected Fitness Subscriptions and attractive financing programs for the Bike and Tread. We continue to broaden our demographic appeal—our fastest growing demographic segments are consumers under 35 years old and those with household incomes under $75,000.

Growing and Scaled Platform with Network Effects

As the largest interactive fitness platform in the world, our rapidly growing and scaled Member base is a highly strategic asset. With our first mover advantage, we have achieved critical mass, which improves our platform and Member experience. As of June 30, 2019, on average, nearly 6,400 Members participated in each cycling class, across live and on-demand. As our community of Members continues to grow, the Peloton fitness experience becomes more inspiring, more competitive, more immersive, and more connected. Over time, Members are embedded in the Peloton community and we become a part of their lives, increasing the opportunity cost of Members leaving or potential Members not joining our platform.

Engaging-to-the-Point-of-Addictive Fitness Experience Drives High Retention

By making fitness fun and motivating, we help our Members achieve their personal goals. We analyze millions of workouts per month to help us develop features that improve our Member experience and create new, on-trend fitness and wellness content that our Members crave. Engagement is the leading indicator of retention for our Connected Fitness Subscribers. We have consistently seen workouts increase over time. On average, our Connected Fitness Subscribers completed 7.5, 8.4, and 11.5 workouts per month in fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Usage drives value and loyalty, which is evidenced by our exceptional weighted-average 12-month Connected Fitness Subscriber retention rate of 95% across all fiscal year cohorts since fiscal 2016.

Vertically Integrated Platform That is Difficult to Replicate

We are driven by our Members-first obsession and see every Member touchpoint as an opportunity to exceed expectations. To create the best platform, we designed our own products, developed our own interactive software, and created our own high production value fitness and wellness programming. For full end-to-end Member support, we were also compelled to develop our own customer education, purchase and delivery, and services platform. We sell our Connected Fitness Products exclusively through our knowledgeable inside sales and showroom associates as well as our e-commerce site. Our high-touch delivery teams ensure that new Members are immediately set up and ready to work out on their new Bike or Tread. The effectiveness of our end-to-end platform is demonstrated by the high Net Promoter Score for our Bike, which has been within the range of 80 to 93 since we began measuring it in 2016.

Compelling Financial Model

Our financial profile is characterized by high growth, strong retention, recurring revenue, margin expansion, and efficient customer acquisition. Our growth is attributable to our data-driven marketing approach and Member word-of-mouth referrals, both of which help us generate predictable and increasingly efficient Connected Fitness Product sales. Our low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn, combined with our high Subscription Contribution Margin, results in attractive Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value. We offset customer acquisition costs with the gross profit earned on our Connected Fitness Products, generating rapid payback of sales and marketing investments and robust unit economics.

Founder-Led, Passionate Team

Peloton was founded by John Foley in 2012. Along with his four co-founders, John set out to create the most convenient and immersive indoor cycling experience in the world. Our founders believed deeply that creating a Members-first experience would require Peloton to be as vertically integrated as possible, and so we built teams that span software development, product design, fitness instruction, content production, marketing, music, logistics, retail, and apparel. We believe that no other company is at the intersection of all these disciplines, which means that every day we are doing something that no other company has done before. This, along with the positive impact we have on our Members’ physical and mental well-being, fuels our passion for continuous innovation and progress.

Growth Strategies

Our goal is to rapidly grow our Member base through the sale of our Connected Fitness Products while continuing to engage and retain our scaled and loyal community of Members.

Grow Brand Awareness

We are still in the early stages of growth in our existing markets. As of June 30, 2019, we had sold approximately 577,000 Connected Fitness Products globally, a small fraction of the 14 million products we believe reflect our SAM. While our aided brand awareness has grown rapidly in the United States and reached 67% as of April 3, 2019, we have significant room to increase our brand and product awareness in both the United States and in our other geographies through television, digital, and social media marketing, as well as our showrooms and word-of-mouth referrals. We continue to broaden our demographic appeal by educating customers on the compelling value of our Connected Fitness Subscriptions.

Continuously Improve Member Experience

We constantly improve and evolve our interactive software and content to drive Member engagement, which helps us maintain our high retention rates as we grow. We deploy new software features frequently and currently produce over 950 original programs per month to keep our content library fresh and on-trend. We also continue to drive usage through innovative fitness and wellness programs and goal-based challenges that make Members feel more accountable and help them reach their personal goals. Total Workouts for our Connected Fitness Subscribers grew from 17.9 million in fiscal 2018 to 52.2 million in fiscal 2019, representing a 192% increase. For a definition of Total Workouts, see the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operational and Business Metrics.”

Launch New Products and Expand Content Offering

Over time, we plan to invest heavily in new product development and content to further penetrate our SAM. We will launch new Connected Fitness Products and accessories in our existing, as well as new fitness verticals, while continuously updating and expanding our original fitness and wellness programming. We will pursue new products where there is a large market opportunity in areas of fitness with staying power.

Pursue Disciplined Expansion into New Geographies

With more than 174 million people belonging to gyms globally, we believe there is significant opportunity for Peloton to grow internationally. In 2018, we began our international expansion and brought the Peloton experience to the United Kingdom and Canada. With our expansion into Germany in the winter of 2019, we will be in the largest fitness markets in the world. We will continue to pursue disciplined international expansion by targeting countries with high fitness penetration and spend, the presence of boutique fitness, and where we believe the Peloton value proposition will resonate.

Invest in Our Platform

We will continue to invest in technology and infrastructure to extend our leadership in connected fitness, increase our value proposition, and support our growth. Over the next couple of years, we will continue to invest in state-of-the-art production studios in New York City and London and a new headquarters in New York City, which will include a dedicated research and development facility for new product design, development, and testing. We will continue to invest heavily in a variety of software and hardware engineering functions, supply chain operations, manufacturing, and advanced quality assurance to support our growth.

Increase Profitability Through Fixed Cost Leverage

The continued growth of our Connected Fitness Subscriber base will allow us to improve Subscription Contribution Margin, increase Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value, and generate operating leverage. A significant portion of our content creation costs can be leveraged over time given that a limited number of production studios and instructors can support the future growth of our Subscriber base, which includes both our Connected Fitness and Digital Subscribers. We expect to drive continued efficiencies in sales and marketing expenses as we benefit from increasing brand awareness, word-of-mouth referrals from our growing Subscriber base, and further optimization of our sales and marketing investments by channel. We will also achieve operating leverage as we scale fixed general and administrative expenses, including those associated with our new headquarters in New York City.

Risks Associated with Our Business

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section titled “Risk Factors” immediately following this Prospectus Summary. Some of these risks include:

•

We have incurred operating losses in the past, expect to incur operating losses in the future, and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future;

•

We may be unable to attract and retain Subscribers, which could have an adverse effect on our business and rate of growth;

•

If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and successfully develop and introduce new, innovative, and updated products and services in a timely manner or effectively manage the introduction of new or enhanced products and services, our business may be adversely affected;

•

The market for our products and services is still in the early stages of growth and if it does not continue to grow, grows more slowly than we expect, or fails to grow as large as we expect, our business, financial condition, and operating results may be adversely affected;

•

We have a limited operating history, our past financial results may not be indicative of our future performance, and our revenue growth rate is likely to slow as our business matures;

•

We operate in a highly competitive market and we may be unable to compete successfully against existing and future competitors;

•

We derive a significant majority of our revenue from sales of our Bike and a decline in sales of our Bike would negatively affect our future revenue and operating results;

•

We rely on a limited number of suppliers, manufacturers, and logistics partners for our Connected Fitness Products and a loss of any of these partners could negatively affect our business;

•

We have limited control over our suppliers, manufacturers, and logistics partners, which may subject us to significant risks, including the potential inability to produce or obtain quality products & services on a timely basis or in sufficient quantity;

•

We depend upon third-party licenses for the use of music in our content and an adverse change to, loss of, or claim that we do not hold necessary licenses may have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition;

•

Our success depends on our ability to maintain the value and reputation of the Peloton brand; and

•

Channels for Disclosure of Information

Following the completion of this offering, we intend to announce material information to the public through filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, the investor relations page on our website (www.onepeloton.com), press releases, public conference calls, and public webcasts.

Any updates to the list of disclosure channels through which we will announce information will be posted on the investor relations page on our website.

Corporate Information

We were formed in 2012 as Peloton Interactive, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. Peloton Interactive, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in March 2015, and through a corporate restructuring in April 2015, Peloton Interactive, LLC merged with and into Peloton Interactive, Inc.

Our principal executive offices are located at 125 West 25th Street, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10001 and our telephone number is (866) 679-9129. Our website address is www.onepeloton.com. The information contained on, or that

can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into, and is not a part of, this prospectus. Investors should not rely on any such information in deciding whether to purchase our Class A common stock. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Peloton,” “Peloton Interactive,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Peloton Interactive, Inc., together with our consolidated subsidiaries.

Peloton, the Peloton logo, Peloton Bike, Peloton Tread, Peloton Digital, and other registered or common law trade names, trademarks, or service marks of Peloton appearing in this prospectus are the property of Peloton. This prospectus contains additional trade names, trademarks, and service marks of other companies that are the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks, or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies. Solely for convenience, our trademarks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus appear without the ^® and ^™ symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights, or the right of the applicable licensor, to these trademarks and tradenames.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our most recently completed fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable, in general, to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These provisions include:

•

not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

•

reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and

•

exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this accommodation allowing for delayed adoption of new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue; (2) the date we qualify as a “large accelerated filer,” with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates; (3) the date on which we have issued, in any three-year period, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (4) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering.

We may take advantage of these exemptions until such time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold stock.

THE OFFERING

Class A common stock offered by us

Option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock offered by us

Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering

shares ( shares if the option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full)

Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering

Total Class A and Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering

Use of Proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering will be approximately $ million, or approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses.

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, create a public market for our Class A common stock, and enable access to the public equity markets for us and our stockholders. We primarily intend to use the net proceeds that we receive from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which may include research and development and sales and marketing activities, general and administrative matters, and capital expenditures. We may also use a portion of the proceeds for the acquisition of, or investment in, technologies, solutions, or businesses that complement our business. However, we do not have binding agreements or commitments for any acquisitions or investments outside the ordinary course of business at this time. See the section titled “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.

Voting Rights

Shares of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share. Shares of Class B common stock are entitled to 20 votes per share.

Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class, unless otherwise required by law or our restated certificate of incorporation. Following the completion of this offering, each share of our Class B common stock will be convertible into one share of our Class A common stock at any time and will convert automatically upon

certain transfers and upon the earlier of (i) the date specified by a vote of the holders of 66 2/3% of the then outstanding shares of Class B common stock, (ii) ten years from the closing of this offering, and (iii) the date the shares of Class B common stock cease to represent at least 1% of all outstanding shares of our common stock. The holders of our outstanding Class B common stock will hold % of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock following this offering, with our directors, executive officers, and 5% stockholders and their respective affiliates holding % of the voting power in the aggregate. These stockholders will have the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of our directors and the approval of any change of control transaction. See the sections titled “Principal Stockholders” and “Description of Capital Stock” for additional information.

Risk Factors

See the section titled “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of some of the factors you should consider before deciding to purchase shares of our Class A common stock.

Proposed Nasdaq Global Select Market symbol

“PTON”

The number of shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based upon zero shares of our Class A common stock outstanding and 235,942,233 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding, in each case, as of June 30, 2019 and does not include:

•

64,602,124 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019, with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.71 per share;

•

664,050 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock granted between June 30, 2019 and August 26, 2019 with an exercise price of $22.05 per share;

•

240,000 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a warrant to purchase Class B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019, with an exercise price of $0.19 per share; and

•

shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans, consisting of (1) 9,085,593 shares of our Class B common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2015 Stock Plan, or the 2015 Plan, as of June 30, 2019 (which reserve does not reflect the options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock granted after June 30, 2019), (2) shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan, which will become effective on the date immediately prior to the date of this prospectus, and (3) shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our 2019 Equity Stock Purchase Plan, or the 2019 ESPP, which will become effective on the date of this prospectus.

On the date immediately prior to the date of this prospectus, any remaining shares available for issuance under our 2015 Plan will be added to the shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our 2019 Plan, and we will cease granting awards under the 2015 Plan. Our 2019 Plan and 2019 ESPP also provide for automatic annual increases in the number of shares reserved thereunder. See the section titled “Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit Plans” for additional information.

Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes:

•

the amendment to our restated certificate of incorporation to redesignate our outstanding common stock as Class B common stock and create a new class of Class A common stock to be offered and sold in this offering;

•

the automatic conversion and reclassification of all outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock as of June 30, 2019 into 210,640,629 shares of our Class B common stock which will occur upon the completion of this offering;

•

no exercise of outstanding stock options or the outstanding warrant after June 30, 2019;

•

the filing and effectiveness of our restated certificate of incorporation and the effectiveness of our restated bylaws, each of which will occur upon the completion of this offering; and

•

no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase up to an additional shares of our Class A common stock in this offering.

SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables summarize our consolidated financial data. We derived our summary consolidated statements of operations for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019 (except the pro forma share and pro forma net loss per share information) and the summary consolidated balance data as of June 30, 2019 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future. You should read the following summary consolidated financial data in conjunction with the sections titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements, the accompanying notes, and other financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus.


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
	(in millions, except share and per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	183.5		$	348.6		$	719.2
Subscription		32.5			80.3			181.1
Other		2.6			6.2			14.7

Total revenue		218.6			435.0			915.0

Cost of revenue⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾:
Connected Fitness Products		113.5			195.0			410.8
Subscription⁽³⁾		29.3			45.5			103.7
Other		1.9			4.9			17.0

Total cost of revenue		144.7			245.4			531.4

Gross profit		73.9			189.6			383.6
Operating expenses:
Research and development⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		13.0			23.4			54.8
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		86.0			151.4			324.0
General and administrative⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		45.6			62.4			207.0

Total operating expenses		144.7			237.1			585.8

Loss from operations		(70.7	)		(47.5	)		(202.3	)
Other (expense) income, net		(0.3	)		(0.3	)		6.7

Loss before provision for income taxes		(71.1	)		(47.8	)		(195.6	)

Provision for income taxes		—			0.1			0.1

Net loss	$	(71.1	)	$	(47.9	)	$	(195.6	)

Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(163.4	)	$	(47.9	)	$	(245.7	)

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted⁽⁴⁾	$	(5.97	)	$	(2.18	)	$	(10.72	)

Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted⁽⁴⁾		27,379,789			21,934,228			22,911,764

Fiscal Year Ended June 30,

2017

2018

2019

(in millions, except share and per share data)

Pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (unaudited)⁽⁴⁾

(0.84

)

Pro forma weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted (unaudited)⁽⁴⁾

233,552,393

(1)	Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	—	$	—	$	0.3
Subscription		0.1		0.5		3.2
Other		—		—		—

Total cost of revenue		0.1		0.5		3.5

Research and development		0.4		0.8		7.1
Sales and marketing		0.4		0.7		8.4
General and administrative		9.5		6.5		70.5

Total stock-based compensation expense	$	10.3	$	8.5	$	89.5

(2)	Includes depreciation and amortization expense as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	0.4	$	0.3		1.2
Subscription		1.2		2.8		11.3
Other		—		—		—

Total cost of revenue		1.6		3.1		12.6

Research and development		—		—		—
Sales and marketing		1.0		1.7		4.0
General and administrative		1.1		1.8		5.2

Total depreciation and amortization expense	$	3.7	$	6.6	$	21.7

(3)	Included in subscription cost of revenue are content costs for past use as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Content costs for past use⁽¹⁾	$	15.5	$	14.5	$	16.4

(1)

(4)

See Note 16 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the calculations of our net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted, and pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted.


	As of June 30, 2019
	Actual			Pro Forma⁽¹⁾		Pro Forma as Adjusted⁽²⁾
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:	(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	162.1		$	162.1	$
Working capital		290.9			290.9
Total assets		864.5			864.5
Customer deposits and deferred revenue		90.8			90.8
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		941.1			—
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity		(538.6	)		402.5

(1)

The pro forma column reflects the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock as of June 30, 2019 into 210,640,629 shares of our Class B common stock.

(2)

The pro forma as adjusted column reflects the items described in footnote (1) the sale of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses. The pro forma as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets, and total stockholders’ (deficit) equity by $ million, assuming that the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase (decrease) cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets, and total stockholders’ (deficit) equity by approximately $ million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus before deciding whether to invest in shares of our Class A common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we deem immaterial may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating results, and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have incurred operating losses in the past, expect to incur operating losses in the future, and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

We have incurred operating losses each year since our inception in 2012, including net losses of $(71.1) million, $(47.9) million, and $(195.6) million for fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, and expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. As a result, we had a total stockholders’ deficit of $(538.6) million at June 30, 2019. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the future as we increase our sales and marketing efforts, continue to invest in research and development, expand our operating and retail infrastructure, add content and software features to our platform, expand into new geographies, and develop new Connected Fitness Products. Further, as a public company, we will incur additional legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. These efforts and additional expenses may be more costly than we expect, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to increase our revenue to offset our operating expenses. Our revenue growth may slow or our revenue may decline for a number of other reasons, including reduced demand for our products and services, increased competition, a decrease in the growth or reduction in size of our overall market, or if we cannot capitalize on growth opportunities. If our revenue does not grow at a greater rate than our operating expenses, we will not be able to achieve and maintain profitability.

We may be unable to attract and retain Subscribers, which could have an adverse effect on our business and rate of growth.

We have experienced significant Subscriber growth over the past several years. Our continued business and revenue growth is dependent on our ability to continuously attract and retain Subscribers, and we cannot be sure that we will be successful in these efforts, or that Subscriber retention levels will not materially decline. There are a number of factors that could lead to a decline in Subscriber levels or that could prevent us from increasing our Subscriber levels, including:

•

our failure to introduce new features, products, or services that Members find engaging or our introduction of new products or services, or changes to existing products and services that are not favorably received;

•

harm to our brand and reputation;

•

pricing and perceived value of our offerings;

•

our inability to deliver quality products, content, and services;

•

our Members engaging with competitive products and services;

•

technical or other problems preventing Members from accessing our content and services in a rapid and reliable manner or otherwise affecting the Member experience;

•

unsatisfactory experiences with the delivery, installation, or service of our Connected Fitness Products;

•

a decline in the public’s interest in indoor cycling or running, or other fitness disciplines that we invest most heavily in; and

•

deteriorating general economic conditions or a change in consumer spending preferences or buying trends.

Additionally, further expansion into international markets such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany will create new challenges in attracting and retaining Subscribers that we may not successfully address. As a result of these factors, we cannot be sure that our Subscriber levels will be adequate to maintain or permit the expansion of our operations. A decline in Subscriber levels could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our success in maintaining and increasing our Subscriber base depends on our ability to identify and originate trends as well as to anticipate and react to changing consumer demands in a timely manner. Our products and services are subject to changing consumer preferences that cannot be predicted with certainty. If we are unable to introduce new or enhanced offerings in a timely manner, or our new or enhanced offerings are not accepted by our Subscribers, our competitors may introduce similar offerings faster than us, which could negatively affect our rate of growth. Moreover, our new offerings may not receive consumer acceptance as preferences could shift rapidly to different types of fitness and wellness offerings or away from these types of offerings altogether, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. Failure to anticipate and respond in a timely manner to changing consumer preferences could lead to, among other things, lower subscription rates, lower sales, pricing pressure, lower gross margins, discounting of our existing Connected Fitness Products, and excess inventory levels. Even if we are successful in anticipating consumer preferences, our ability to adequately react to and address them will partially depend upon our continued ability to develop and introduce innovative, high-quality offerings. Development of new or enhanced products and services may require significant time and financial investment, which could result in increased costs and a reduction in our profit margins. For example, we have historically incurred higher levels of sales and marketing expenses accompanying each product and service introduction.

Moreover, we must successfully manage introductions of new or enhanced products and services, which could adversely impact the sales of our existing products and services. For instance, consumers may decide to purchase new or enhanced products and services instead of our existing products and services, which could lead to excess product inventory and discounting of our existing products and services.

The connected fitness and wellness market is relatively new, rapidly growing, largely unproven, and it is uncertain whether it will sustain high levels of demand and achieve wide market acceptance. Our success depends substantially on the willingness of consumers to widely adopt our products and services. To be successful, we will have to educate consumers about our products and services through significant investment, and provide quality content that is superior to the content and experiences provided by our competitors. Additionally, the fitness and wellness market at large is heavily saturated, and the demand for and market acceptance of new products and services in the market is uncertain. It is difficult to predict the future growth rates, if any, and size of our market. We cannot assure you that our market will develop, that the public’s interest in connected fitness and wellness will continue, or that our products and services will be widely adopted. If our market does not develop, develops more slowly than expected, or becomes saturated with competitors, or if our products and services do not achieve market acceptance, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.

We have a limited operating history and our past financial results may not be indicative of our future performance. Further, our revenue growth rate is likely to slow as our business matures.

We began operations in 2012, shipped our first Bike in 2014, and shipped our first Tread in 2018. We have a limited history of generating revenue. As a result of our short operating history, we have limited financial data that can be used to evaluate our current business. Therefore, our historical revenue growth should not be considered indicative of our future performance. In particular, we have experienced periods of high revenue growth since we began selling our Bike that we do not expect to continue as our business matures. Estimates of future revenue growth are subject to many risks and uncertainties and our future revenue may differ materially from our projections. We have encountered, and will continue to encounter, risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, including market acceptance of our products and services, attracting and retaining Subscribers, and increasing competition and expenses as we expand our business. We cannot be sure that we will be successful in addressing these and other challenges we may face in the future, and our business may be adversely affected if we do not manage these risks

successfully. In addition, we may not achieve sufficient revenue to attain or maintain positive cash flows from operations or profitability in any given period, or at all.

We operate in a highly competitive market and we may be unable to compete successfully against existing and future competitors.

Our products and services are offered in a highly competitive market. We face significant competition in every aspect of our business, including at-home fitness equipment and content, fitness clubs, in-studio fitness classes, and health and wellness apps. Moreover, we expect the competition in our market to intensify in the future as new and existing competitors introduce new or enhanced products and services that compete with ours.

Our competitors may develop, or have already developed, products, features, content, services, or technologies that are similar to ours or that achieve greater acceptance, may undertake more successful product development efforts, create more compelling employment opportunities, or marketing campaigns, or may adopt more aggressive pricing policies. Our competitors may develop or acquire, or have already developed or acquired, intellectual property rights that significantly limit or prevent our ability to compete effectively in the public marketplace. In addition, our competitors may have significantly greater resources than us, allowing them to identify and capitalize more efficiently upon opportunities in new markets and consumer preferences and trends, quickly transition and adapt their products and services, devote greater resources to marketing and advertising, or be better positioned to withstand substantial price competition. If we are not able to compete effectively against our competitors, they may acquire and engage customers or generate revenue at the expense of our efforts, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We derive a significant majority of our revenue from sales of our Bike. A decline in sales of our Bike would negatively affect our future revenue and operating results.

Our Connected Fitness Products are sold in highly competitive markets with limited barriers to entry. Introduction by competitors of comparable products at lower price points, a maturing product lifecycle, a decline in consumer spending, or other factors could result in a decline in our revenue derived from our Connected Fitness Products, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. Because we derive a significant majority of our revenue from the sales of our Bike, any material decline in sales of our Bike would have a pronounced impact on our future revenue and operating results.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers, manufacturers, and logistics partners for our Connected Fitness Products. A loss of any of these partners could negatively affect our business.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers to manufacture and transport our Connected Fitness Products, including in some cases only a single supplier for some of our products and components. Our reliance on a limited number of manufacturers for each of our Connected Fitness Products increases our risks, since we do not currently have alternative or replacement manufacturers beyond these key parties. In the event of interruption from any of our manufacturers, we may not be able to increase capacity from other sources or develop alternate or secondary sources without incurring material additional costs and substantial delays. Furthermore, all of these manufacturers’ primary facilities are located in Taiwan. Thus, our business could be adversely affected if one or more of our suppliers is impacted by a natural disaster or other interruption at a particular location.

If we experience a significant increase in demand for our Connected Fitness Products, or if we need to replace an existing supplier or partner, we may be unable to supplement or replace them on terms that are acceptable to us, which may undermine our ability to deliver our products to Members in a timely manner. For example, it may take a significant amount of time to identify a manufacturer that has the capability and resources to build our products to our specifications in sufficient volume. Identifying suitable suppliers, manufacturers, and logistics partners is an extensive process that requires us to become satisfied with their quality control, technical capabilities, responsiveness and service, financial stability, regulatory compliance, and labor and other ethical practices. Accordingly, a loss of any of our significant suppliers, manufactures, or logistics partners could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We have limited control over our suppliers, manufacturers, and logistics partners, which may subject us to significant risks, including the potential inability to produce or obtain quality products and services on a timely basis or in sufficient quantity.

We have limited control over our suppliers, manufacturers, and logistics partners, which subjects us to risks, such as the following:

•

inability to satisfy demand for our Connected Fitness Products;

•

reduced control over delivery timing and product reliability;

•

reduced ability to monitor the manufacturing process and components used in our Connected Fitness Products;

•

limited ability to develop comprehensive manufacturing specifications that take into account any materials shortages or substitutions;

•

variance in the manufacturing capability of our third-party manufacturers;

•

price increases;

•

failure of a significant supplier, manufacturer, or logistics partner to perform its obligations to us for technical, market, or other reasons;

•

variance in the quality of last mile services provided by our third-party logistics partners;

•

difficulties in establishing additional supplier, manufacturer, or logistics partner relationships if we experience difficulties with our existing suppliers, manufacturers, or logistics partners;

•

shortages of materials or components;

•

misappropriation of our intellectual property;

•

exposure to natural catastrophes, political unrest, terrorism, labor disputes, and economic instability resulting in the disruption of trade from foreign countries in which our Connected Fitness Products are manufactured or the components thereof are sourced;

•

changes in local economic conditions in the jurisdictions where our suppliers, manufacturers, and logistics partners are located;

•

the imposition of new laws and regulations, including those relating to labor conditions, quality and safety standards, imports, duties, tariffs, taxes, and other charges on imports, as well as trade restrictions and restrictions on currency exchange or the transfer of funds; and

•

insufficient warranties and indemnities on components supplied to our manufacturers or performance by our partners.

We also rely on our logistics partners, including last mile warehouse and delivery partners, to complete a substantial percentage of our deliveries to customers, with the rest of the deliveries handled by our own last mile team. Our primary last mile partner relies on a network of independent contractors to perform last mile services for us in many markets. If any of these independent contractors, or the last mile partner as a whole, do not perform their obligations or meet the expectations of us or our Members, our reputation and business could suffer.

The occurrence of any of these risks, especially during seasons of peak demand, could cause us to experience a significant disruption in our ability to produce and deliver our products to our customers.

We depend upon third-party licenses for the use of music in our content. An adverse change to, loss of, or claim that we do not hold necessary licenses may have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Music is an important element of the overall content that we make available to our Members. To secure the rights to use music in our content, we enter into agreements to obtain licenses from rights holders such as record labels, music publishers, performing rights organizations, collecting societies, artists, and other copyright owners or their agents. We pay royalties to such parties or their agents around the world.

The process of obtaining licenses involves identifying and negotiating with many rights holders, some of whom are unknown or difficult to identify, and implicates a myriad of complex and evolving legal issues across many jurisdictions, including open questions of law as to when and whether particular licenses are needed. Rights holders also may attempt to

take advantage of their market power to seek onerous financial terms from us. Our relationship with certain rights holders may deteriorate. Artists and/or artist groups may object and may exert public or private pressure on rights holders to discontinue or to modify license terms. Additionally, there is a risk that aspiring rights holders, their agents, or legislative or regulatory bodies will create or attempt to create new rights that could require us to enter into new license agreements with, and pay royalties to, newly defined groups of rights holders, some of which may be difficult or impossible to identify.

With respect to musical compositions, in addition to obtaining publishing rights, we generally need to obtain separate public performance rights. In the United States, public performance rights are typically obtained through intermediaries known as performing rights organizations, or PROs, which (a) issue blanket licenses with copyright users for the public performance of compositions in their repertory, (b) collect royalties under those licenses, and (c) distribute such royalties to copyright owners. We have agreements with each of the following PROs in the United States: the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, or ASCAP, and Broadcast Music, Inc., or BMI, Global Music Rights, and SESAC. The royalty rates available to us from the PROs today may not be available to us in the future. Licenses provided by ASCAP and BMI currently are governed by consent decrees, which were issued by the U.S. Department of Justice in an effort to curb anti-competitive conduct. Removal of or changes to the terms or interpretation of these agreements could affect our ability to obtain licenses from these PROs on current and/or otherwise favorable terms, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.

In other parts of the world, including in Canada and Europe, we obtain licenses for musical compositions either through local collecting societies representing publishers, or from publishers directly, or a combination thereof. We cannot guarantee that our licenses with collecting societies and our direct licenses with publishers provide full coverage for all of the musical compositions we use in our service in the countries in which we operate, or that we may enter in the future. Publishers, songwriters, and other rights holders who choose not to be represented by major or independent publishing companies or collecting societies have, and could in the future, adversely impact our ability to secure licensing arrangements in connection with musical compositions that such rights holders own or control, and could increase the risk of liability for copyright infringement.

Although we expend significant resources to seek to comply with the statutory, regulatory, and judicial frameworks, we cannot guarantee that we currently hold, or will always hold, every necessary right to use all of the music that is used on our service, and we cannot assure you that we are not infringing or violating any third-party intellectual property rights, or that we will not do so in the future.

These challenges, and others concerning the licensing of music on our platform, may subject us to significant liability for copyright infringement, breach of contract, or other claims. For additional information, see the section titled “Business—Legal Proceedings.”

Our success depends on our ability to maintain the value and reputation of the Peloton brand.

We believe that our brand is important to attracting and retaining Members. Maintaining, protecting, and enhancing our brand depends largely on the success of our marketing efforts, ability to provide consistent, high-quality products, services, features, content, and support, and our ability to successfully secure, maintain, and defend our rights to use the “Peloton” mark, our “P” logo, and other trademarks important to our brand. We believe that the importance of our brand will increase as competition further intensifies and brand promotion activities may require substantial expenditures. Our brand could be harmed if we fail to achieve these objectives or if our public image were to be tarnished by negative publicity. Unfavorable publicity about us, including our products, services, technology, customer service, content, personnel, and suppliers could diminish confidence in, and the use of, our products and services. Such negative publicity also could have an adverse effect on the size, engagement and loyalty of our Member base and result in decreased revenue, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We have grown rapidly in recent years and have limited operating experience at our current scale of operations. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, our brand, company culture, and financial performance may suffer.

We have expanded our operations rapidly and have limited operating experience at our current size. For example, between June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2019, our employee headcount increased from 443 to 1,950, and we expect headcount growth

to continue for the foreseeable future. Further, as we grow, our business becomes increasingly complex. To effectively manage and capitalize on our growth, we must continue to expand our sales and marketing, focus on innovative product and content development, upgrade our management information systems and other processes, and obtain more space for our expanding staff. Our continued growth could strain our existing resources, and we could experience ongoing operating difficulties in managing our business across numerous jurisdictions, including difficulties in hiring, training, and managing a diffuse and growing employee base. Failure to scale and preserve our company culture with growth could harm our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. Moreover, the vertically integrated nature of our business, where we design our own Connected Fitness Products, develop our own software, produce original fitness and wellness programming, sell our products exclusively through our own sales teams and e-commerce site, and deliver and service our Connected Fitness Products, exposes us to risk and disruption at many points that are critical to successfully operating our business and may make it more difficult for us to scale our business. If we do not adapt to meet these evolving challenges, or if our management team does not effectively scale with our growth, we may experience erosion to our brand, the quality of our products and services may suffer, and our company culture may be harmed.

Our growth strategy contemplates a significant increase in our advertising and other marketing spending and expanding our retail showroom presence. Many of our existing retail showrooms are relatively new and we cannot assure you that these showrooms or that future showrooms will generate revenue and cash flow comparable with those generated by our more mature locations, especially as we move to new geographic markets. Further, many of our retail showrooms are leased pursuant to multi-year short-term leases, and our ability to negotiate favorable terms on an expiring lease or for a lease renewal option may depend on factors that are not within our control. We may also open additional production studios as we expand internationally, which will require significant additional investment. Successful implementation of our growth strategy will require significant expenditures before any substantial associated revenue is generated and we cannot guarantee that these increased investments will result in corresponding and offsetting revenue growth.

Because we have a limited history operating our business at its current scale, it is difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. Our limited operating experience at this scale, combined with the rapidly evolving nature of the market in which we sell our products and services, substantial uncertainty concerning how these markets may develop, and other economic factors beyond our control, reduces our ability to accurately forecast quarterly or annual revenue. Failure to manage our future growth effectively could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We cannot compel third parties to license their music to us, and our business may be adversely affected if our access to music is limited. The concentration of control of content by major music licensors means that the actions of one or a few licensors may adversely affect our ability to provide our service.

We enter into license agreements to obtain rights to use music in our service, including with major record companies (Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group, and Warner Music Group), independent record labels, major music publishers (Sony/ATV Music Publishing, Universal Music Publishing Group, and Warner/Chappell Music), and independent music publishers and administrators who collectively hold the rights to a significant number of sound recordings and musical compositions.

Comprehensive and accurate ownership information for the musical compositions embodied in sound recordings is sometimes unavailable, or in some cases, impossible to obtain if withheld by the owners or administrators of such rights. In some cases, we obtain ownership information directly from music publishers, and in other cases we rely on the assistance of third parties to determine ownership information.

If the information provided to us or obtained by such third parties does not comprehensively or accurately identify the ownership of musical compositions, or if we are unable to determine which musical compositions correspond to specific sound recordings, it becomes difficult or impossible to identify the appropriate rights holders to whom to pay royalties. This may make it difficult to comply with the obligations of any agreements with those rights holders or to secure the appropriate licenses with all necessary parties.

Given the high level of content concentration in the music industry, the market power of a few licensors, and the lack of transparent ownership information for compositions, we may be unable to license a large amount of music or the music of certain popular artists, and our business, financial condition, and operating results could be materially harmed.

We are a party to many music license agreements that are complex and impose numerous obligations upon us that may make it difficult to operate our business, and a breach of such agreements could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Our license agreements are complex and impose numerous obligations on us, including obligations to, among other things:

•

calculate and make payments based on complex royalty structures, which requires tracking usage of content in our service that may have inaccurate or incomplete metadata necessary for such calculation;

•

provide periodic reports on the exploitation of the content in specified formats;

•

represent that we will obtain all necessary publishing licenses and consents and pay all associated fees, royalties, and other amounts due for the licensing of musical compositions;

•

comply with certain marketing and advertising restrictions;

•

grant the licensor the right to audit our compliance with the terms of such agreements; and

•

comply with certain security and technical specifications.

Certain of our license agreements also contain minimum guarantees or require that we make minimum guarantee or advance payments, which are not always tied to our number of Subscribers or stream counts for music used in our service. Accordingly, our ability to achieve and sustain profitability and operating leverage in part depends on our ability to increase our revenue through increased sales of Subscriptions on terms that maintain an adequate gross margin. Our license agreements that contain minimum guarantees typically have terms of between one and three years, but our Subscribers may cancel their subscriptions at any time. We rely on estimates to forecast whether such minimum guarantees and advances against royalties could be recouped against our actual content costs incurred over the term of the license agreement. To the extent that our estimates underperform relative to our expectations, and our content costs do not exceed such minimum guarantees and advance payments, our margins may be adversely affected.

Some of our license agreements also include so-called “most-favored nations” provisions, which require that certain terms (including material financial terms) are no less favorable than those provided to any similarly situated licensor. If agreements are amended or new agreements are entered into on more favorable terms, these most-favored nations provisions could cause our payment or other obligations to escalate substantially. Additionally, some of our license agreements require consent to undertake new business initiatives utilizing the licensed content (e.g., alternative distribution models), and without such consent, our ability to undertake new business initiatives may be limited and our competitive position could be impacted.

If we breach any obligations in any of our license agreements, or if we use content in ways that are found to exceed the scope of such agreements, we could be subject to monetary penalties or claims of infringement, and our rights under such agreements could be terminated.

In the past, we have entered into agreements that required us to make substantial payments to licensors to resolve instances of past use at the same time that we enter into go-forward licenses. These agreements may also include most-favored nations provisions. If triggered, these most favored nations provisions could cause our payments or other obligations under those agreements to escalate substantially. If we need to enter into additional similar agreements in the future, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our business is affected by seasonality.

Our business has historically been influenced by seasonal trends common to traditional retail selling periods, and we generate a disproportionate amount of sales activity related to our Connected Fitness Products during the period from November through February due in large part to seasonal holiday demand, New Year’s resolutions, and cold weather. For example, we generated approximately 64%, 63%, and 63% of our full fiscal year total revenue during the second and third quarters of fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Accordingly, adverse events that occur during these months could have a disproportionate effect on our operating results for the entire fiscal year. Moreover, as a result of higher sales during the period from November through February, our working capital needs are greater during the second and third quarters of the fiscal year. As a result of quarterly fluctuations caused by these and other factors, comparisons of our operating results

across different fiscal quarters may not be accurate indicators of our future performance. Furthermore, our rapid growth in recent years may obscure the extent to which seasonality trends have affected our business and may continue to affect our business. Accordingly, yearly or quarterly comparisons of our operating results may not be useful and our results in any particular period will not necessarily be indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. Seasonality in our business can also be affected by introductions of new or enhanced products and services, including the costs associated with such introductions.

Our passion and focus on delivering a high-quality and engaging Peloton experience may not maximize short-term financial results, which may yield results that conflict with the market’s expectations and could result in our stock price being negatively affected.

We are passionate about continually enhancing the Peloton experience with a focus on driving long-term Member engagement through innovation, immersive content, technologically advanced Connected Fitness Products, and community support, which may not necessarily maximize short-term financial results. We frequently make business decisions that may reduce our short-term financial results if we believe that the decisions are consistent with our goals to improve the Peloton experience, which we believe will improve our financial results over the long term. These decisions may not be consistent with the short-term expectations of our stockholders and may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case our membership growth and Member engagement, and our business, financial condition, and operating results could be harmed.

Our products and services may be affected from time to time by design and manufacturing defects that could adversely affect our business and result in harm to our reputation.

We offer complex hardware and software products and services that can be affected by design and manufacturing defects. Sophisticated operating system software and applications, such as those offered by us, often have issues that can unexpectedly interfere with the intended operation of hardware or software products. Defects may also exist in components and products that we source from third parties. Any such defects could make our products and services unsafe, create a risk of environmental or property damage and personal injury, and subject us to the hazards and uncertainties of product liability claims and related litigation. In addition, from time to time we may experience outages, service slowdowns, or errors that affect our fitness and wellness programming. As a result, our services may not perform as anticipated and may not meet customer expectations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix all issues and defects in the hardware, software, and services we offer. Failure to do so could result in widespread technical and performance issues affecting our products and services and could lead to claims against us. We maintain general liability insurance; however, design and manufacturing defects, and claims related thereto, may subject us to judgments or settlements that result in damages materially in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. In addition, we may be exposed to recalls, product replacements or modifications, write-offs of inventory, property, plant and equipment, or intangible assets, and significant warranty and other expenses such as litigation costs and regulatory fines. If we cannot successfully defend any large claim, maintain our general liability insurance on acceptable terms, or maintain adequate coverage against potential claims, our financial results could be adversely impacted. Further, quality problems could adversely affect the experience for users of our products and services, and result in harm to our reputation, loss of competitive advantage, poor market acceptance, reduced demand for our products and services, delay in new product and service introductions, and lost revenue.

If we fail to offer high-quality Member support, our business and reputation will suffer.

Once our Connected Fitness Products are purchased, our Members rely on our high-touch delivery and set up service to deliver and install their equipment in a professional and efficient manner. Our Members also rely on our support services to resolve any issues related to the use of our Connected Fitness Products and content. Providing a high-quality Member experience is vital to our success in generating word-of-mouth referrals to drive sales and for retaining existing Members. The importance of high-quality support will increase as we expand our business and introduce new products and services. If we do not help our Members quickly resolve issues and provide effective ongoing support, our reputation may suffer and our ability to retain and attract Members, or to sell additional products and services to existing Members, could be harmed.

Our quarterly operating results and other operating metrics may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which makes these metrics difficult to predict.

Our quarterly operating results and other operating metrics have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. Additionally, our limited operating history makes it difficult to forecast our future results. As a result, you should not rely on our past quarterly operating results as indicators of future performance. You should take into account the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in rapidly evolving markets. Our financial condition and operating results in any given quarter can be influenced by numerous factors, many of which we are unable to predict or are outside of our control, including:

•

the continued market acceptance of, and the growth of the connected fitness and wellness market;

•

our ability to maintain and attract new Subscribers;

•

our development and improvement of the quality of the Peloton experience, including, enhancing existing and creating new Connected Fitness Products, services, technology, features, and content;

•

the continued development and upgrading of our proprietary technology platform;

•

the timing and success of new product, service, feature, and content introductions by us or our competitors or any other change in the competitive landscape of our market;

•

pricing pressure as a result of competition or otherwise;

•

delays or disruptions in our supply chain;

•

errors in our forecasting of the demand for our products and services, which could lead to lower revenue or increased costs, or both;

•

increases in marketing, sales, and other operating expenses that we may incur to grow and expand our operations and to remain competitive;

•

the ability to maintain and open new showrooms;

•

the continued maintenance and expansion of last mile delivery and maintenance services for our Connected Fitness Products;

•

successful expansion into international markets, including Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany;

•

seasonal fluctuations in subscriptions and usage of Connected Fitness Products by our Members, each of which may change as our products and services evolve or as our business grows;

•

the diversification and growth of our revenue sources;

•

our ability to maintain gross margins and operating margins;

•

constraints on the availability of consumer financing or increased down payment requirements to finance purchases of our Connected Fitness Products;

•

system failures or breaches of security or privacy;

•

adverse litigation judgments, settlements, or other litigation-related costs, including content costs for past use;

•

changes in the legislative or regulatory environment, including with respect to privacy, consumer product safety, and advertising, or enforcement by government regulators, including fines, orders, or consent decrees;

•

fluctuations in currency exchange rates and changes in the proportion of our revenue and expenses denominated in foreign currencies;

•

changes in our effective tax rate;

•

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations, or principles; and

•

changes in business or macroeconomic conditions, including lower consumer confidence, recessionary conditions, increased unemployment rates, or stagnant or declining wages.

Any one of the factors above or the cumulative effect of some of the factors above may result in significant fluctuations in our operating results.

The variability and unpredictability of our quarterly operating results or other operating metrics could result in our failure to meet our expectations or those of analysts that cover us or investors with respect to revenue or other operating results for a particular period. If we fail to meet or exceed such expectations, the market price of our Class A common stock could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

We rely on access to our production studios and the creativity of our fitness instructors to generate our class content. If we are unable to access or use our studios or if we are unable to attract and retain high-quality fitness instructors, we may not be able to generate interesting and attractive content for our classes.

All of the fitness and wellness content offered on our platform is produced in one of our four production studios, three of which are located in New York City. Due to our reliance on a limited number of studios in a concentrated location, any incident involving our studios, or affecting New York City at-large, could render our studios inaccessible or unusable and could inhibit our ability to produce and deliver new fitness and wellness content for our Members. Production of the fitness and wellness content on our platform is further reliant on the creativity of our fitness instructors who, with the support of our production team, plan and lead our classes. Our standard employment contract with our fitness instructors has a fixed, multi-year term, however, our instructors may leave Peloton prior to the end of their contracts. If we are unable to attract or retain creative and experienced instructors, we may not be able to generate content on a scale or of a quality sufficient to grow our business. If we fail to produce and provide our Members with interesting and attractive content led by instructors who they can relate to, then our business, financial condition, and operating results may be adversely affected.

We plan to expand into international markets, which will expose us to significant risks.

We are currently expanding our operations to other countries, which requires significant resources and management attention and subjects us to regulatory, economic, and political risks in addition to those we already face in the United States. There are significant risks and costs inherent in doing business in international markets, including:

•

difficulty establishing and managing international operations and the increased operations, travel, infrastructure, including establishment of local delivery service and customer service operations, and legal compliance costs associated with locations in different countries or regions;

•

the need to vary pricing and margins to effectively compete in international markets;

•

the need to adapt and localize products for specific countries, including obtaining rights to third-party intellectual property, including music, used in each country;

•

increased competition from local providers of similar products and services;

•

the ability to protect and enforce intellectual property rights abroad;

•

the need to offer content and customer support in various languages;

•

difficulties in understanding and complying with local laws, regulations, and customs in other jurisdictions;

•

compliance with anti-bribery laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, or U.K. Bribery Act, by us, our employees, and our business partners;

•

complexity and other risks associated with current and future legal requirements in other countries, including legal requirements related to consumer protection, consumer product safety, and data privacy frameworks, such as the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation;

•

varying levels of internet technology adoption and infrastructure, and increased or varying network and hosting service provider costs;

•

tariffs and other non-tariff barriers, such as quotas and local content rules, as well as tax consequences;

•

fluctuations in currency exchange rates and the requirements of currency control regulations, which might restrict or prohibit conversion of other currencies into U.S. dollars; and

•

political or social unrest or economic instability in a specific country or region in which we operate, including, for example, the effects of “Brexit,” which could have an adverse impact on our operations in that location.

We have limited experience with international regulatory environments and market practices and may not be able to penetrate or successfully operate in the markets we choose to enter. In addition, we may incur significant expenses as a result of our international expansion, and we may not be successful. We may face limited brand recognition in certain parts of the world that could lead to non-acceptance or delayed acceptance of our products and services by consumers in new markets. We may also face challenges to acceptance of our fitness and wellness content in new markets. Our failure to successfully manage these risks could harm our international operations and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Increases in component costs, long lead times, supply shortages, and supply changes could disrupt our supply chain and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Meeting customer demand partially depends on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our Connected Fitness Products. All of the components that go into the manufacturing of our Connected Fitness Products are sourced from a limited number of third-party suppliers, and some of these components are provided by a single supplier. Our manufacturers generally purchase these components on our behalf, subject to certain approved supplier lists, and we do not have long-term arrangements with most of our component suppliers. We are therefore subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our Connected Fitness Products. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in design, quantities, and delivery schedules. We may in the future experience component shortages, and the predictability of the availability of these components may be limited. In the event of a component shortage or supply interruption from suppliers of these components, we may not be able to develop alternate sources in a timely manner. Developing alternate sources of supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult, and costly and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may undermine our ability to fill our orders in a timely manner. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these parts or components, or the inability to obtain these parts or components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, would harm our ability to meet our scheduled Connected Fitness Product deliveries to our customers.

Moreover, volatile economic conditions may make it more likely that our suppliers may be unable to timely deliver supplies, or at all, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to timely locate alternative suppliers of comparable quality at an acceptable price. Further, since the beginning of 2018, there has been increasing rhetoric, in some cases coupled with legislative or executive action, from several U.S. and foreign leaders regarding tariffs against foreign imports of certain materials. Several of the components that go into the manufacturing of our Connected Fitness Products are sourced internationally, including from China, where the United States has imposed tariffs on specified products imported therefrom following the U.S. Trade Representative Section 301 Investigation. These tariffs have an impact on our component costs and have the potential to have an even greater impact depending on the outcome of the current trade negotiations, which have been protracted and recently resulted in increases in U.S. tariff rates on specified products from China. Increases in our component costs could have a material effect on our gross margins. The loss of a significant supplier, an increase in component costs, or delays or disruptions in the delivery of components, could adversely impact our ability to generate future revenue and earnings and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Any major disruption or failure of our information technology systems or websites, or our failure to successfully implement upgrades and new technology effectively, could adversely affect our business and operations.

Certain of our information technology systems are designed and maintained by us and are critical for the efficient functioning of our business, including the manufacture and distribution of our Connected Fitness Products, online sales of our Connected Fitness Products, and the ability of our Members to access content on our platform. Our rapid growth has, in certain instances, strained these systems. As we grow, we continue to implement modifications and upgrades to our systems, and these activities subject us to inherent costs and risks associated with replacing and upgrading these systems, including, but not limited to, impairment of our ability to fulfill customer orders and other disruptions in our business operations. Further, our system implementations may not result in productivity improvements at a level that outweighs the costs of implementation, or at all. If we fail to successfully implement modifications and upgrades or expand the functionality of our information technology systems, we could experience increased costs associated with diminished productivity and operating inefficiencies related to the flow of goods through our supply chain.

In addition, any unexpected technological interruptions to our systems or websites would disrupt our operations, including our ability to timely ship and track product orders, project inventory requirements, manage our supply chain, sell our Connected Fitness Products online, provide services to our Members, and otherwise adequately serve our Members.

Online sales of our Connected Fitness Products through www.onepeloton.com represented over 50% of our units sold in the U.S. for fiscal 2019. The operation of our direct to consumer e-commerce business through our website depends on our ability to maintain the efficient and uninterrupted operation of online order-taking and fulfillment operations. Any system interruptions or delays could prevent potential customers from purchasing our Connected Fitness Products.

Moreover, the ability of our Members to access the content on our platform could be diminished by a number of factors, including Members’ inability to access the internet, the failure of our network or software systems, security breaches, or variability in Member traffic for our platform. Platform failures would be most impactful if they occurred during peak platform use periods, which generally occur before and after standard work hours. During these peak periods, there are a significant number of Members concurrently accessing our platform and if we are unable to provide uninterrupted access, our Members’ perception of our platform’s reliability may be damaged, our revenue could be reduced, our reputation could be harmed, and we may be required to issue credits or refunds, or risk losing Members.

In the event we experience significant disruptions, we may be unable to repair our systems in an efficient and timely manner which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our operating results could be adversely affected if we are unable to accurately forecast consumer demand for our products and services and adequately manage our inventory.

To ensure adequate inventory supply, we must forecast inventory needs and expenses and place orders sufficiently in advance with our suppliers and manufacturers, based on our estimates of future demand for particular products and services. Failure to accurately forecast our needs may result in manufacturing delays or increased costs. Our ability to accurately forecast demand could be affected by many factors, including changes in consumer demand for our products and services, changes in demand for the products and services of our competitors, unanticipated changes in general market conditions, and the weakening of economic conditions or consumer confidence in future economic conditions. This risk may be exacerbated by the fact that we may not carry a significant amount of inventory and may not be able to satisfy short-term demand increases. If we fail to accurately forecast consumer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products available for sale.

Inventory levels in excess of consumer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which would cause our gross margins to suffer and could impair the strength and premium nature of our brand. Further, lower than forecasted demand could also result in excess manufacturing capacity or reduced manufacturing efficiencies, which could result in lower margins. Conversely, if we underestimate consumer demand, our suppliers and manufacturers may not be able to deliver products to meet our requirements or we may be subject to higher costs in order to secure the necessary production capacity. An inability to meet consumer demand and delays in the delivery of our products to our customers could result in reputational harm and damaged customer relationships and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

If we are unable to sustain pricing levels for our Connected Fitness Products and subscriptions, our business could be adversely affected.

If we are unable to sustain pricing levels for our Bike, Tread, and subscription services, whether due to competitive pressure or otherwise, our gross margins could be significantly reduced. Further, our decisions around the development of new products and services are grounded in assumptions about eventual pricing levels. If there is price compression in the market after these decisions are made, it could have a negative effect on our business.

Our revenue could decline due to changes in credit markets and decisions made by credit providers.

Historically, a majority of our customers have financed their purchase of our Connected Fitness Products through third-party credit providers with whom we have existing relationships. If we are unable to maintain our relationships with our financing partners, there is no guarantee that we will be able to find replacement partners who will provide our customers with financing on similar terms, and our ability to sell our Connected Fitness Products may be adversely affected. Further, reductions in consumer lending and the availability of consumer credit could limit the number of customers with the financial means to purchase our products. Higher interest rates could increase our costs or the monthly payments for consumer products financed through other sources of consumer financing. In the future, we cannot be assured that third-party financing providers will continue to provide consumers with access to credit or that available credit limits will not be reduced. Such restrictions or reductions in the availability of consumer credit, or the loss of our relationship with our current financing partners, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, and operating results.

Our future success depends on the continuing efforts of our key employees and our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel and senior management.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to identify, attract, develop, integrate, and retain qualified and highly skilled personnel, including senior management, engineers, producers, designers, product managers, logistics and supply chain personnel, retail managers, and fitness instructors. In particular, we are highly dependent on the services of John Foley, our Chief Executive Officer and co-founder, who is critical to the development of our business, future vision, and strategic direction. We also heavily rely on the continued service and performance of our senior management team, which provides leadership, contributes to the core areas of our business and helps us to efficiently execute our business. Also imperative to our success are our fitness instructors, who we rely on to bring new, exciting, and innovative fitness and wellness content to our platform, and who act as brand ambassadors. If the senior management team, including any new hires that we make, fails to work together effectively and to execute our plans and strategies on a timely basis then our business and future growth prospects could be harmed.

Additionally, the loss of any key personnel could make it more difficult to manage our operations and research and development activities, reduce our employee retention and revenue, and impair our ability to compete. Although we have entered into employment offer letters with our key personnel, these agreements have no specific duration and constitute at-will employment. We do not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees.

Competition for highly skilled personnel is often intense, especially in New York City, where we have a substantial presence and need for highly skilled personnel. We may not be successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. If the perceived value of our Class A common stock declines, it may adversely affect our ability to hire or retain highly skilled employees. In addition, we may periodically change our equity compensation practices, which may include reducing the number of employees eligible for equity awards or reducing the size of equity awards granted per employee. If we are unable to attract, integrate, or retain the qualified and highly skilled personnel required to fulfill our current or future needs, our business and future growth prospects could be harmed.

If we cannot maintain our “One Peloton” culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, and passion that we believe contribute to our success and our business may be harmed.

We believe that a critical component of our success has been our corporate culture. We have invested substantial time and resources in building our “One Peloton” culture, which is based on the idea that if we work together, we will be more efficient and perform better because of one another. As we continue to grow, including geographically expanding our presence outside of our headquarters in New York City, and developing the infrastructure associated with being a public company, we will need to maintain our “One Peloton” culture among a larger number of employees, dispersed across various geographic regions. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives.

We have a limited operating history with which to evaluate and predict the profitability of our subscription model. Additionally, we may introduce new revenue models in the future.

The majority of our Subscribers are on month-to-month subscription terms and may cancel their subscriptions at any time. We have limited historical data with respect to rates of Subscriber subscription renewals, so we may be unable to accurately predict customer renewal rates. Additionally, prior renewal rates may not accurately predict future Subscriber renewal rates for a variety of reasons, such as Subscribers’ dissatisfaction with our offerings and the cost of our subscriptions, macroeconomic conditions, or new offering introductions by us or our competitors. If our Subscribers do not renew their subscriptions, our revenue may decline and our business will suffer.

Furthermore, in the future, we may offer new subscription products, implement promotions, or replace or modify current subscription models, any of which could result in additional costs. It is unknown how our Subscribers will react to new models and whether the costs or logistics of implementing these models will adversely impact our business. If the adoption of new revenue models adversely impacts our Subscriber relationships, then Subscriber growth, Subscriber engagement, and our business, financial condition, and operating results could be harmed.

Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services, and brand.

Our success depends in large part on our proprietary technology and our patents, trade secrets, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights. We rely on, and expect to continue to rely on, a combination of trademark, trade dress, domain name, copyright, trade secret and patent laws, as well as confidentiality and license agreements with our employees, contractors, consultants, and third parties with whom we have relationships, to establish and protect our brand and other intellectual property rights. However, our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient or effective, and any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged, which could result in them being narrowed in scope or declared invalid or unenforceable. There can be no assurance that our intellectual property rights will be sufficient to protect against others offering products, services, or technologies that are substantially similar to ours and that compete with our business.

Effective protection of patents, trademarks, and domain names is expensive and difficult to maintain, both in terms of application and registration costs as well as the costs of defending and enforcing those rights. As we have grown, we have sought to obtain and protect our intellectual property rights in an increasing number of countries, a process that can be expensive and may not always be successful. For example, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural requirements to complete the patent application process and to maintain issued patents, and noncompliance or non-payment could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in a relevant jurisdiction. Further, intellectual property protection may not be available to us in every country in which our products and services are available. For example, some foreign countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against certain third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit.

In order to protect our brand and intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming, and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Accordingly, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property. Our failure to secure, protect, and enforce our intellectual property rights could seriously damage our brand and our business.

We have been, and in the future may be, sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights.

There is considerable patent and other intellectual property development activity in our market, and litigation, based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property, is frequent in the fitness and technology industries. Furthermore, it is common for individuals and groups to purchase patents and other intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement to extract settlements from companies like ours. Our use of third-party content, including music content, software, and other intellectual property rights may be subject to claims of infringement or misappropriation. We cannot guarantee that our internally developed or acquired technologies and content do not or will not infringe the intellectual property rights of others. From time to time, our competitors or other third parties may claim that we are infringing upon or misappropriating their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon such rights. Any claims or litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our platform or services or using certain technologies, force us to implement expensive work-arounds, or impose other unfavorable terms. We expect that the occurrence of infringement claims is likely to grow as the market for fitness products and services grows. Accordingly, our exposure to damages resulting from infringement claims could increase and this could further exhaust our financial and management resources. Further, during the course of any litigation, we may make announcements regarding the results of hearings and motions, and other interim developments. If securities analysts and investors regard these announcements as negative, the market price of our Class A common stock may decline. Even if intellectual property claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and require significant expenditures. Any of the foregoing could prevent us from competing effectively and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We rely heavily on third parties for most of our computing, storage, processing, and similar services. Any disruption of or interference with our use of these third-party services could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We have outsourced our cloud infrastructure to third-party providers, and we currently use these providers to host and stream our services and content. We are therefore vulnerable to service interruptions experienced by these providers and we expect to experience interruptions, delays, or outages in service availability in the future due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human, hardware or software errors, hosting disruptions, and capacity constraints. Outages and capacity constraints could arise from a number of causes such as technical failures, natural disasters, fraud, or security attacks. The level of service provided by these providers, or regular or prolonged interruptions in that service, could also affect the use of, and our Members’ satisfaction with, our products and services and could harm our business and reputation. In addition, hosting costs will increase as membership engagement grows, which could harm our business if we are unable to grow our revenue faster than the cost of using these services or the services of similar providers.

Furthermore, our providers have broad discretion to change and interpret the terms of service and other policies with respect to us, and those actions may be unfavorable to our business operations. Our providers may also take actions beyond our control that could seriously harm our business, including discontinuing or limiting our access to one or more services, increasing pricing terms, terminating or seeking to terminate our contractual relationship altogether, or altering how we are able to process data in a way that is unfavorable or costly to us. Although we expect that we could obtain similar services from other third parties, if our arrangements with our current providers were terminated, we could experience interruptions on our platform and in our ability to make our content available to Members, as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging for alternative cloud infrastructure services.

Any of these factors could further reduce our revenue, subject us to liability, and cause our Subscribers to decline to renew their subscriptions, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

In addition, customers of certain of our providers have been subject to litigation by third parties claiming that the service and basic HTTP functions infringe their patents. If we become subject to such claims, although we expect our provider to indemnify us with respect to at least a portion of such claims, the litigation may be time consuming, divert management’s attention, and, if our provider failed to indemnify us, adversely impact our operating results.

We face risks, such as unforeseen costs and potential liability in connection with content we produce, license, and distribute through our platform.

As a producer and distributor of content, we face potential liability for negligence, copyright, and trademark infringement, or other claims based on the nature and content of materials that we produce, license, and distribute. We also may face potential liability for content used in promoting our service, including marketing materials. We may decide to remove content from our service, not to place certain content on our service, or to discontinue or alter our production of certain types of content if we believe such content might not be well received by our Members or could be damaging to our brand and business.

To the extent we do not accurately anticipate costs or mitigate risks, including for content that we obtain but ultimately does not appear on or is removed from our service, or if we become liable for content we produce, license or distribute, our business may suffer. Litigation to defend these claims could be costly and the expenses and damages arising from any liability could harm our results of operations. We may not be indemnified against claims or costs of these types and we may not have insurance coverage for these types of claims.

Some of our products and services contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary software, technologies, products, and services in a manner that could harm our business.

We use open source software in our products and services and anticipate using open source software in the future. Some open source software licenses require those who distribute open source software as part of their own software product to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software product or to make available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. The terms of many open source licenses to which we are subject

have not been interpreted by U.S or foreign courts, and there is a risk that open source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide or distribute our products or services. Additionally, we could face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the open source software or derivative works that we developed using such software, which could include our proprietary source code, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to make our software source code freely available, purchase a costly license, or cease offering the implicated products or services unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. This re-engineering process could require us to expend significant additional research and development resources, and we cannot guarantee that we will be successful.

Additionally, the use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of software. There is typically no support available for open source software, and we cannot ensure that the authors of such open source software will implement or push updates to address security risks or will not abandon further development and maintenance. Many of the risks associated with the use of open source software, such as the lack of warranties or assurances of title or performance, cannot be eliminated, and could, if not properly addressed, negatively affect our business. We have processes to help alleviate these risks, including a review process for screening requests from our developers for the use of open source software, but we cannot be sure that all open source software is identified or submitted for approval prior to use in our products and services. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our Member engagement on mobile devices depends upon effective operation with mobile operating systems, networks, and standards that we do not control.

A significant and growing portion of our Members access our platform through Peloton Digital and there is no guarantee that popular mobile devices will continue to support Peloton Digital or that mobile device users will use Peloton Digital rather than competing products. We are dependent on the interoperability of Peloton Digital with popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as Android and iOS, and any changes in such systems that degrade the functionality of our digital offering or give preferential treatment to competitors could adversely affect our platform’s usage on mobile devices. Additionally, in order to deliver high-quality mobile content, it is important that our digital offering is designed effectively and works well with a range of mobile technologies, systems, networks, and standards that we do not control. We may not be successful in developing relationships with key participants in the mobile industry or in developing products that operate effectively with these technologies, systems, networks, or standards. In the event that it is more difficult for our Members to access and use our platform on their mobile devices or Members find our mobile offerings do not effectively meet their needs, our competitors develop products and services that are perceived to operate more effectively on mobile devices, or if our Members choose not to access or use our platform on their mobile devices or use mobile products that do not offer access to our platform, our Member growth and Member engagement could be adversely impacted.

We collect, store, process, and use personal information and other Member data, which subjects us to legal obligations and laws and regulations related to security and privacy, and any actual or perceived failure to meet those obligations could harm our business.

We collect, process, store, and use a wide variety of data from current and prospective Members, including personal information, such as home addresses and geolocation. Federal, state, and international laws and regulations governing privacy, data protection, and e-commerce transactions require us to safeguard our Members’ personal information. Although we have established security procedures to protect Member information, our or our third-party service providers’ security and testing measures may not prevent security breaches. Further, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography, inadequate facility security, or other developments may result in a compromise or breach of the technology we use to protect Member data. Any compromise of our security or breach of our Members’ privacy could harm our reputation or financial condition and, therefore, our business.

In addition, a party who circumvents our security measures or exploits inadequacies in our security measures, could, among other effects, misappropriate Member data or other proprietary information, cause interruptions in our operations, or expose Members to computer viruses or other disruptions. Actual or perceived vulnerabilities may lead to claims against

us. To the extent that the measures we or our third-party business partners have taken prove to be insufficient or inadequate, we may become subject to litigation, breach notification obligations, or regulatory or administrative sanctions, which could result in significant fines, penalties, or damages and harm to our reputation. Depending on the nature of the information compromised, in the event of a data breach or other unauthorized access to our Member data, we may also have obligations to notify Members about the incident and we may need to provide some form of remedy, such as a subscription to a credit monitoring service, for the individuals affected by the incident. A growing number of legislative and regulatory bodies have adopted consumer notification requirements in the event of unauthorized access to or acquisition of certain types of personal data. Such breach notification laws continue to evolve and may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another. Complying with these obligations could cause us to incur substantial costs and could increase negative publicity surrounding any incident that compromises Member data.

Furthermore, we may be required to disclose personal data pursuant to demands from individuals, privacy advocates, regulators, government agencies, and law enforcement agencies in various jurisdictions with conflicting privacy and security laws. This disclosure or refusal to disclose personal data may result in a breach of privacy and data protection policies, notices, laws, rules, court orders, and regulations and could result in proceedings or actions against us in the same or other jurisdictions, damage to our reputation and brand, and inability to provide our products and services to consumers in certain jurisdictions. Additionally, changes in the laws and regulations that govern our collection, use, and disclosure of Member data could impose additional requirements with respect to the retention and security of Member data, could limit our marketing activities, and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Cybersecurity risks could adversely affect our business and disrupt our operations.

Threats to network and data security are increasingly diverse and sophisticated. Despite our efforts and processes to prevent breaches, our products and services, as well as our servers, computer systems, and those of third parties that we use in our operations are vulnerable to cybersecurity risks, including cyber-attacks such as viruses and worms, phishing attacks, denial-of-service attacks, physical or electronic break-ins, third-party or employee theft or misuse, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our servers and computer systems or those of third parties that we use in our operations, which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data, unauthorized access to Member data, and loss of consumer confidence. In addition, we may be the target of email scams that attempt to acquire personal information or company assets. Despite our efforts to create security barriers to such threats, we may not be able to entirely mitigate these risks. Any cyber-attack that attempts to obtain our or our Members’ data and assets, disrupt our service, or otherwise access our systems, or those of third parties we use, if successful, could adversely affect our business, and financial condition and operating results, be expensive to remedy, and damage our reputation. In addition, any such breaches may result in negative publicity, and adversely affect our brand, impacting demand for our products and services, and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We may be subject to warranty claims that could result in significant direct or indirect costs, or we could experience greater returns than expected, either of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We generally provide a minimum 12-month limited warranty on all of our Connected Fitness Products. The occurrence of any material defects in our Connected Fitness Products could make us liable for damages and warranty claims in excess of our current reserves, which could result in an adverse effect on our business prospects, liquidity, financial condition, and cash flows if warranty claims were to materially exceed anticipated levels. In addition, we could incur significant costs to correct any defects, warranty claims, or other problems, including costs related to product recalls. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality and safety of our products could affect our brand image, decrease consumer and Member confidence and demand, and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. Also, while our warranty is limited to repairs and returns, warranty claims may result in litigation, the occurrence of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

In addition to warranties supplied by us, we also offer the option for customers to purchase third-party extended warranty and services contracts in some markets, which creates an ongoing performance obligation over the warranty period. Extended warranties are regulated in the United States on a state level and are treated differently by state. Outside the United States, regulations for extended warranties vary from country to country. Changes in interpretation of the insurance

regulations or other laws and regulations concerning extended warranties on a federal, state, local, or international level may cause us to incur costs or have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future. Our failure to comply with past, present, and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, reputational damage, penalties, and other sanctions, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We or our Subscribers may be subject to sales and other taxes, and we may be subject to liabilities on past sales for taxes, surcharges, and fees.

The application of indirect taxes, such as sales and use tax, subscription sales tax, value-added tax, provincial taxes, goods and services tax, business tax, and gross receipt tax, to businesses like ours and to our Subscribers is a complex and evolving issue. Significant judgment is required to evaluate applicable tax obligations. In many cases, the ultimate tax determination is uncertain because it is not clear how existing statutes apply to our business. One or more states, the federal government, or other countries may seek to impose additional reporting, record-keeping, or indirect tax collection obligations on businesses like ours that offer subscription services and other fitness offerings. New taxes could also require us to incur substantial costs to capture data and collect and remit taxes. If such obligations were imposed, the additional costs associated with tax collection, remittance, and audit requirements could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We continue to analyze our exposure for taxes and liabilities and have accrued $5.7 million and $4.1 million for fiscal 2018 and 2019, respectively, for loss contingencies resulting from potential taxes and liabilities.

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings, regulatory disputes, and governmental inquiries that could cause us to incur significant expenses, divert our management’s attention, and materially harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

From time to time, we may be subject to claims, lawsuits, government investigations, and other proceedings involving products liability, competition and antitrust, intellectual property, privacy, consumer protection, securities, tax, labor and employment, commercial disputes, and other matters that could adversely affect our business operations and financial condition. As we have grown, we have seen a rise in the number and significance of these disputes and inquiries. Litigation and regulatory proceedings, and particularly the intellectual property infringement matters that we are currently facing or could face, may be protracted and expensive, and the results are difficult to predict. Certain of these matters include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages and include claims for injunctive relief. Additionally, our litigation costs could be significant. Adverse outcomes with respect to litigation or any of these legal proceedings may result in significant settlement costs or judgments, penalties and fines, or require us to modify our products or services, make content unavailable, or require us to stop offering certain features, all of which could negatively affect our membership and revenue growth. See the section titled “Business—Legal Proceedings”

The results of litigation, investigations, claims, and regulatory proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, and determining reserves for pending litigation and other legal and regulatory matters requires significant judgment. There can be no assurance that our expectations will prove correct, and even if these matters are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them, could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Changes in how we market our products and services could adversely affect our marketing expenses and subscription levels.

We use a broad mix of marketing and other brand-building measures to attract Members. We use traditional television and online advertising, as well as third-party social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, as marketing tools. As television advertising, online, and social media platforms continue to rapidly evolve or grow more competitive, we must continue to maintain a presence on these platforms and establish a presence on new or emerging popular social media and advertising and marketing platforms. If we cannot cost effectively use these marketing tools or if we fail to promote our products and services efficiently and effectively, our ability to acquire new Members and our financial condition may suffer. In addition, an increase in the use of television, online, and social media for product promotion and marketing may increase the burden on us to monitor compliance of such materials and increase the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations.

An economic downturn or economic uncertainty may adversely affect consumer discretionary spending and demand for our products and services.

Our products and services may be considered discretionary items for consumers. Factors affecting the level of consumer spending for such discretionary items include general economic conditions, and other factors, such as consumer confidence in future economic conditions, fears of recession, the availability and cost of consumer credit, levels of unemployment, and tax rates. In recent years, the United States and other significant economic markets have experienced cyclical downturns and worldwide economic conditions remain uncertain. As global economic conditions continue to be volatile or economic uncertainty remains, trends in consumer discretionary spending also remain unpredictable and subject to reductions. To date, our business has operated almost exclusively in a relatively strong economic environment and, therefore, we cannot be sure the extent to which we may be affected by recessionary conditions. Unfavorable economic conditions may lead consumers to delay or reduce purchases of our products and services and consumer demand for our products and services may not grow as we expect. Our sensitivity to economic cycles and any related fluctuation in consumer demand for our products and services could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Covenants in the loan and security agreement governing our revolving credit facility may restrict our operations, and if we do not effectively manage our business to comply with these covenants, our financial condition could be adversely impacted.

We entered into an amended and restated loan and security agreement, the Credit Agreement, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC, and Silicon Valley Bank in June 2019, which amended and restated the loan and security agreement that we previously entered into in November 2017, providing for a $250 million secured revolving line of credit. The term loan and revolving credit facility contains various restrictive covenants, including, among other things, minimum liquidity and revenue requirements, restrictions on our ability to dispose of assets, make acquisitions or investments, incur debt or liens, make distributions to our stockholders, or enter into certain types of related party transactions. These restrictions may restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to certain changes in our business or industry, or take future actions. Pursuant to the agreement, we granted the parties thereto a security interest in substantially all of our assets. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Agreement” for additional information.

Our ability to meet these restrictive covenants can be impacted by events beyond our control and we may be unable to do so. Our loan and security agreement provide that our breach or failure to satisfy certain covenants constitutes an event of default. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, our lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under its debt agreements to be immediately due and payable. In addition, our lenders would have the right to proceed against the assets we provided as collateral pursuant to the loan and security agreement. If the debt under our loan and security agreement was to be accelerated, we may not have sufficient cash on hand or be able to sell sufficient collateral to repay it, which would have an immediate adverse effect on our business and operating results. This could potentially cause us to cease operations and result in a complete loss of your investment in our Class A common stock.

We may engage in merger and acquisition activities, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our operating results.

As part of our business strategy, we acquired our first company in 2018 and have made or may make investments in other companies, products, or technologies in the future. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all, in the future. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by Members or investors. Moreover, an acquisition, investment, or business relationship may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures, including disrupting our ongoing operations, diverting management from their primary responsibilities, subjecting us to additional liabilities, increasing our expenses, and adversely impacting our business, financial condition, and operating results. Moreover, we may be exposed to unknown liabilities and the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, investment, or business relationship may not be realized, if, for example, we fail to successfully integrate such acquisitions, or the technologies associated with such acquisitions, into our company.

To pay for any such acquisitions, we would have to use cash, incur debt, or issue equity securities, each of which may affect our financial condition or the value of our capital stock and could result in dilution to our stockholders. If we incur more debt

it would result in increased fixed obligations and could also subject us to covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. Additionally, we may receive indications of interest from other parties interested in acquiring some or all of our business. The time required to evaluate such indications of interest could require significant attention from management, disrupt the ordinary functioning of our business, and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We may require additional capital to support business growth and objectives, and this capital might not be available to us on reasonable terms, if at all, and may result in stockholder dilution.

We expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with our net proceeds from this offering, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the foreseeable future. However, we intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional capital to fund our business and to respond to competitive challenges, including the need to promote our products and services, develop new products and services, enhance our existing products, services, and operating infrastructure, and potentially to acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. There can be no assurance that such additional funding will be available on terms attractive to us, or at all. Our inability to obtain additional funding when needed could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, holders of our Class A common stock could suffer significant dilution, and any new shares we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of our Class A common stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions.

We are subject to payment processing risk.

Our customers pay for our products and services using a variety of different payment methods, including credit and debit cards, gift cards, and online wallets. We rely on internal systems as well as those of third parties to process payment. Acceptance and processing of these payment methods are subject to certain rules and regulations and require payment of interchange and other fees. To the extent there are disruptions in our payment processing systems, increases in payment processing fees, material changes in the payment ecosystem, such as large re-issuances of payment cards, delays in receiving payments from payment processors, or changes to rules or regulations concerning payment processing, our revenue, operating expenses and results of operation could be adversely impacted. We leverage our third-party payment processors to bill Subscribers on our behalf. If these third parties become unwilling or unable to continue processing payments on our behalf, we would have to find alternative methods of collecting payments, which could adversely impact Subscriber acquisition and retention. In addition, from time to time, we encounter fraudulent use of payment methods, which could impact our results of operation and if not adequately controlled and managed could create negative consumer perceptions of our service.

Our ability to use our net operating loss to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

As of June 30, 2019, we had U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, and state NOLs of approximately $112.6 million and $95.8 million, respectively, due to prior period losses which if not utilized will begin to expire for federal and state tax purposes beginning in 2036 and 2021, respectively. Realization of these NOLs depends on future income, and there is a risk that our existing NOLs could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our operating results.

In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its NOLs to offset future taxable income. We have undergone two ownership changes on November 30, 2015 and April 18, 2017 and our NOLs arising before those dates are subject to one or more Section 382 limitations which may materially limit the use of such NOLs to offset our future taxable income. In addition, this offering, as well as future changes in our stock ownership, the causes of which may be outside of our control, could result in an additional ownership change under Section 382 of the Code. Our NOLs may also be impaired under state laws. In addition, under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, tax losses generated in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 may be utilized to offset no more than 80% of taxable income annually. This change

may require us to pay federal income taxes in future years despite generating a loss for federal income tax purposes. There is also a risk that due to regulatory changes, such as suspensions on the use of NOLs, or other unforeseen reasons, our existing NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities. For these reasons, we may not be able to realize a tax benefit from the use of our NOLs, whether or not we attain profitability.

We may face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

While we have historically transacted in U.S. dollars with the majority of our Subscribers and suppliers, we have transacted in some foreign currencies, such as the Canadian Dollar and U.K Pound Sterling, and may transact in more foreign currencies in the future. Further, certain of our manufacturing agreements provide for fixed costs of our Connected Fitness Products and hardware in Taiwanese dollars but provide for payment in U.S. dollars based on the then-current Taiwanese dollar to U.S. dollar spot rate. Accordingly, changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar can affect our revenue and operating results. As a result of such foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, it could be more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and operating results. In addition, to the extent that fluctuations in currency exchange rates cause our operating results to differ from our expectations or the expectations of our investors, the trading price of our Class A common stock could be lowered. We do not currently maintain a program to hedge transactional exposures in foreign currencies. However, in the future, we may use derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option contracts, to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any or more than a portion of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place and may introduce additional risks if we are unable to structure effective hedges with such instruments.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.

The United States and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements, and restrictions on the import or export of certain technologies. Our products may be subject to U.S. export controls, which may require submission of a product classification and annual or semi-annual reports. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements regarding the export of our products and services may create delays in the introduction of our products and services in international markets, prevent our international Members from accessing our products and services, and, in some cases, prevent the export of our products and services to some countries altogether.

Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the provision of products and services to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions. Even though we take precautions to prevent our products from being provided to targets of U.S. sanctions, our products and services, including our firmware updates, could be provided to those targets or provided by our Members. Any such provision could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties, reputational harm. Our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our products could harm our international and domestic sales and adversely affect our revenue.

We could be subject to future enforcement action with respect to compliance with governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that result in penalties, costs, and restrictions on export privileges that could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Failure to comply with anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the FCPA and similar laws associated with our activities outside of the United States, could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We operate a global business and may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We are subject to the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and possibly other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries in which we conduct activities. These laws that prohibit companies and their employees and third-party intermediaries from corruptly promising, authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or anything of value to foreign government officials, political parties, and private-sector recipients for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, directing business to any person, or securing any advantage. In addition, U.S. public companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate

system of internal accounting controls. In many foreign countries, including countries in which we may conduct business, it may be a local custom that businesses engage in practices that are prohibited by the FCPA or other applicable laws and regulations. We face significant risks if we or any of our directors, officers, employees, agents or other partners or representatives fail to comply with these laws and governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.

We have begun to implement an anti-corruption compliance program and policies, procedures and training designed to foster compliance with these laws, however, our employees, contractors, and agents, and companies to which we outsource certain of our business operations, may take actions in violation of our policies or applicable law. Any such violation could have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results and prospects.

Any violation of the FCPA, other applicable anti-corruption laws, or anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions and, in the case of the FCPA, suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results, and prospects. In addition, responding to any enforcement action may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees.

Changes in legislation in U.S. and foreign taxation of international business activities or the adoption of other tax reform policies, as well as the application of such laws, could adversely impact our financial position and operating results.

Recent or future changes to U.S., U.K. and other foreign tax laws could impact the tax treatment of our foreign earnings. We generally conduct our international operations through wholly owned subsidiaries, branches, or representative offices and report our taxable income in various jurisdictions worldwide based upon our business operations in those jurisdictions. Further, we are in the process of implementing an international structure that aligns with our financial and operational objectives as evaluated based on our international markets, expansion plans, and operational needs for headcount and physical infrastructure outside the United States. The intercompany relationships between our legal entities are subject to complex transfer pricing regulations administered by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions. Although we believe we are compliant with applicable transfer pricing and other tax laws in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other relevant countries, due to changes in such laws and rules, we may have to modify our international structure in the future, which will incur costs, may increase our worldwide effective tax rate, and may adversely affect our financial position and operating results. In addition, significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes.

During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. For example, our effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, or by changes in the relevant tax, accounting, and other laws, regulations, principles, and interpretations. As we operate in numerous taxing jurisdictions, the application of tax laws can be subject to diverging and sometimes conflicting interpretations by tax authorities of these jurisdictions. It is not uncommon for taxing authorities in different countries to have conflicting views with respect to, among other things, the manner in which the arm’s-length standard is applied for transfer pricing purposes, or with respect to the valuation of intellectual property.

If U.S., U.K., or other foreign tax laws further change, if our current or future structures and arrangements are challenged by a taxing authority, or if we are unable to appropriately adapt the manner in which we operate our business, we may have to undertake further costly modifications to our international structure and our tax liabilities and operating results may be adversely affected.

The requirements of being a public company, including maintaining adequate internal control over our financial and management systems, may strain our resources, divert management’s attention, and affect our ability to attract and retain executive management and qualified board members.

As a public company we will incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. We will be subject to reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the

Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, the rules and regulations of the listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations will likely strain our financial and management systems, internal controls, and employees.

The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. Moreover, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures, and internal control, over financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures, and internal control over, financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. In the course of preparing our financial statements for fiscal 2018, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If, in the future, we have material weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our consolidated financial statements may be materially misstated. Effective internal control is necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and is important to prevent fraud.

In addition, we will be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act when we cease to be an emerging growth company. We expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. As a result of the complexity involved in complying with the rules and regulations applicable to public companies, our management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. Although we have already hired additional employees to assist us in complying with these requirements, our finance team is small and we may need to hire more employees in the future, or engage outside consultants, which will increase our operating expenses.

We also expect that being a public company and complying with applicable rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to incur substantially higher costs to obtain and maintain the same or similar coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors and qualified executive officers.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and if our remediation of such material weaknesses is not effective, or if we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired.

In the course of preparing our financial statements for fiscal 2018, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. The material weakness had not been remediated as of June 30, 2019. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses identified relate to information technology general controls, controls to address segregation of certain accounting duties, timely reconciliation and analysis of certain key accounts and the review of journal entries. We have concluded that these material weaknesses arose because, as a private company, we did not have the necessary business processes, systems, personnel and related internal controls necessary to satisfy the accounting and financial reporting requirements of a public company.

To address our material weaknesses, we have added personnel as well as implemented new financial systems and processes. We intend to continue to take steps to remediate the material weaknesses described above through hiring additional qualified accounting and financial reporting personnel, and further evolving our accounting processes. We will not be able to fully remediate these material weaknesses until these steps have been completed and have been operating effectively for a sufficient period of time.

Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and actions we may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or

maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed, or operating. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we will eventually be required to include in our periodic reports that are filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our operating results could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity/deficit, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue related reserves, content costs for past use reserve, fair value measurements including common stock valuations, useful lives of property plant and equipment, product warranty, goodwill and finite-lived intangible assets, accounting for income taxes, stock-based compensation expense and commitments and contingencies. Our operating results may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the price of our Class A common stock.

Our reported financial results may be negatively impacted by the changes in GAAP.

GAAP is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and may even affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement or effectiveness of a change. For example, in February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, or Topic 842, Leases, which requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet by lessees for leases classified as operating leases with a term of more than 12 months. Topic 842 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We early adopted this standard as of July 1, 2019. The most significant change related to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for real estate operating leases, as well as the de-recognition of the build-to-suit asset and liability. See Note 2 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for additional information.

The forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, we cannot assure you that our business will grow at a similar rate, if at all.

Growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The forecasts in this prospectus relating to the expected growth in the connected fitness and wellness market, including estimates based on our own internal survey data, may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the market experiences the forecasted growth described in this prospectus, we may not grow our business at a similar rate, or at all. Our growth is

subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.

Our management team has limited experience managing a public company.

Most members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage our transition to being a public company subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our business is subject to the risk of earthquakes, fire, power outages, floods, and other catastrophic events, and to interruption by manmade problems such as terrorism.

Our business is vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, fires, floods, power losses, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, acts of war, human errors, break-ins, and similar events. The third-party systems and operations and manufacturers we rely on are subject to similar risks. For example, a significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire, or flood, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results, and our insurance coverage may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur. Acts of terrorism, which may be targeted at metropolitan areas that have higher population density than rural areas, could also cause disruptions in our or our suppliers’ and manufacturers’ businesses or the economy as a whole. We may not have sufficient protection or recovery plans in some circumstances, such as natural disasters affecting locations that store significant inventory of our products, that house our servers, or from which we generate content. As we rely heavily on our computer and communications systems, and the internet to conduct our business and provide high-quality customer service, these disruptions could negatively impact our ability to run our business and either directly or indirectly disrupt suppliers’ and manufacturers’ businesses, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Regulations related to conflict minerals may cause us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the costs of certain metals used in the manufacturing of our products.

We are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which will require us to conduct due diligence on and disclose whether or not our products contain conflict minerals. The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. In addition, we will incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of minerals that may be used or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such due diligence activities. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to alter our products, processes, or sources of supply to avoid such materials.

Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock

There has been no prior public market for our Class A common stock, the stock price of our Class A common stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.

There has been no public market for our Class A common stock prior to this offering. The initial public offering price for our Class A common stock was determined through negotiations between us and the underwriters and may vary from the market price of our Class A common stock following this offering. The market prices of the securities of newly public companies such as us have historically been highly volatile. The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

•

overall performance of the equity markets and the performance of technology companies in particular;

•

variations in our operating results, cash flows, and other financial metrics and non-financial metrics, and how those results compare to analyst expectations;

•

changes in the financial projections we may provide to the public or our failure to meet these projections;

•

failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

•

recruitment or departure of key personnel;

•

the economy as a whole and market conditions in our industry;

•

negative publicity related to problems in our manufacturing or the real or perceived quality of our products, as well as the failure to timely launch new products or services that gain market acceptance;

•

rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

•

announcements by us or our competitors of new products, services, features and content, significant technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;

•

new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

•

lawsuits threatened or filed against us, litigation involving our industry, or both;

•

developments or disputes concerning our or other parties’ products, services, or intellectual property rights;

•

other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events;

•

the expiration of contractual lock-up or market standoff agreements; and

•

sales of shares of our Class A common stock by us or our stockholders.

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. Stock prices of many companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business.

Sales, directly or indirectly, of a substantial amount of our Class A common stock in the public markets by our existing security holders may cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock into the public market, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers, and principal stockholders, or the perception that these sales might occur, could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Many of our existing security holders have substantial unrecognized gains on the value of the equity they hold, and may take, or attempt to take, steps to sell, directly or indirectly, their shares or otherwise secure, or limit the risk to, the value of their unrecognized gains on those shares. Based on zero shares of our Class A common stock and 235,942,233 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019, we will have ( shares if the option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full) of our Class A common stock and shares of our Class B common stock outstanding after this offering.

All of the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act except that any shares held by our affiliates, as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, would only be able to be sold in compliance with Rule 144 and any applicable lock-up agreements described below. Approximately shares of Class A common stock, assuming no exercise of outstanding options, will be immediately available for sale in the public market. Approximately shares of our common stock are also subject to the lock-up agreement or market standoff agreements described below.

In connection with this offering, subject to certain customary exceptions, we, all of our directors and executive officers, and substantially all of the holders of our common stock, or securities exercisable for or convertible into our common stock outstanding immediately prior to this offering, have entered into market standoff agreements with us or lock-up agreements with the underwriters that prohibit from selling, contracting to sell, granting any option for the sale of, transferring, or otherwise disposing of any shares of common stock, stock options, or any security or instrument related to common stock

or stock options without the permission of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC on behalf of the underwriters for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus, subject to early termination as described below.

We have a large number of security holders and such security holders have acquired their interests over an extended period of time and pursuant to a number of different agreements containing a variety of terms governing restrictions on the sale, short sale, transfer, hedging, pledging, or other disposition of their interests in our equity. Holders of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock and securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our Class A common stock are subject to restrictions on their ability to sell or transfer their equity either prior to the pricing of this offering or from the pricing of this offering through the date that is 180 days after the date of this prospectus. We refer to such period as the lock-up period. Pursuant to the lock-up agreements with the underwriters, if (1) at least 120 days have elapsed since the date of this prospectus, (2) we have publicly released our earnings results for the quarterly period during which this offering occurred, and (3) such lock-up period is scheduled to end during or within five trading days prior to a broadly applicable period during which trading in our securities would not be permitted under our insider trading policy, or a blackout period, such lock-up period will end ten trading days prior to the commencement of such blackout period. We and the underwriters may release certain stockholders from the market standoff agreements or lock-up agreements prior to the end of the lock-up period. Record holders of our securities are typically the parties to the lock-up agreements with the underwriters and to the market standoff agreements with us referred to above, while holders of beneficial interests in our shares who are not also holders in respect of such shares are not typically subject to any such agreements or other similar restrictions. Accordingly, we believe that holders of beneficial interests who are not holders and are not bound by market standoff or lock-up agreements could enter into transactions with respect to those beneficial interests that negatively impact our stock price. In addition, an equity holder who is neither subject to a market standoff agreement with us nor a lock-up agreement with the underwriters may be able to sell, short sell, transfer, hedge, pledge, or otherwise dispose of or attempt to sell, short sell, transfer, hedge, pledge, or otherwise dispose of, their equity interests at any time after the closing of this offering. Any such transaction described above involving shares of our Class A common stock, or any perception by the market that such transaction may occur, could cause our stock price to decline.

When the applicable lock-up and market standoff periods described above expire, we and our security holders subject to a lock-up agreement or market standoff agreement will be able to sell our shares in the public market. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, on behalf of the underwriters, may, in their sole discretion, release all or some portion of the shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of the lock-up period. Sales of a substantial number of such shares upon expiration of the lock-up and market standoff agreements, or the perception that such sales may occur, or early release of these agreements, could cause our market price to fall or make it more difficult for you to sell your Class A common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

In addition, as of June 30, 2019, we had stock options outstanding that, if fully exercised, would result in the issuance of 64,602,124 shares of Class B common stock. All of the shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options, and the shares reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans, will be registered for public resale under the Securities Act. Accordingly, these shares will be able to be freely sold in the public market upon issuance subject to existing lock-up or market standoff agreements and applicable vesting requirements.

Immediately following this offering, the holders of shares of our Class B common stock will have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of the Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of such shares or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file for us or other stockholders.

We may also issue our shares of common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock from time to time in connection with a financing, acquisition, investment, or otherwise. Any further issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

The dual class structure of our common stock will have the effect of concentrating voting control with those stockholders who held our capital stock prior to the completion of this offering, including our directors, executive officers, and 5% stockholders who will hold in the aggregate % of the voting power of our capital stock following the completion of this offering, which will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters, including the election of directors and the approval of any change of control transaction.

Our Class B common stock has 20 votes per share, and our Class A common stock, which is the stock we are offering in this offering, has one vote per share. Following this offering, the holders of our outstanding Class B common stock will hold % of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock, with our directors, executive officers, and holders of more than 5% of our common stock, and their respective affiliates, holding in the aggregate % of the voting power of our capital stock. Because of the twenty-to-one voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, the holders of our Class B common stock collectively will continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock and therefore be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval until the earlier of (i) the date specified by a vote of the holders of 66 2/3% of the then outstanding shares of Class B common stock, (ii) ten years from the closing of this offering, and (iii) the date the shares of Class B common stock cease to represent at least 1% of all outstanding shares of our common stock. This concentrated control will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other major corporate transaction requiring stockholder approval. In addition, this may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our capital stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders.

Future transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, subject to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning purposes. The conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B common stock who retain their shares in the long term. See the section titled “Description of Capital Stock—Anti-Takeover Provisions” for additional information.

The dual class structure of our common stock may adversely affect the trading market for our Class A common stock.

Certain stock index providers, such as S&P Dow Jones, exclude companies with multiple classes of shares of common stock from being added to certain stock indices, including the S&P 500. In addition, several stockholder advisory firms and large institutional investors oppose the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual class structure of our common stock may prevent the inclusion of our Class A common stock in such indices, may cause stockholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure, and may result in large institutional investors not purchasing shares of our Class A common stock. Any exclusion from stock indices could result in a less active trading market for our Class A common stock. Any actions or publications by stockholder advisory firms or institutional investors critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock.

We are an “emerging growth company” and intend to take advantage of the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies which may make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more; (2) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of this offering; (3) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; and (4) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including:

•

not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

•

reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and

•

exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We currently intend to take advantage of the available exemptions described above. We have taken advantage of reduced reporting burdens in this prospectus. In particular, we have not included all of the executive compensation information that

would be required if we were not an emerging growth company. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. Furthermore, under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this accommodation allowing for delayed adoption of new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result of these decisions, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and the price of our Class A common stock may be more volatile.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, about our business, the price of our Class A common stock and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business, our market, and our competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts. If few securities analysts commence coverage of us, or if industry analysts cease coverage of us, the trading price for our Class A common stock would be negatively affected. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our Class A common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our Class A common stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Class A common stock could decrease, which might cause our Class A common stock price and trading volume to decline.

An active public trading market may not develop or be sustained following this offering.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock. We have applied to list our Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, however, an active trading market may not develop following the completion of this offering or, if developed, may not be sustained. The lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the market price of your shares of Class A common stock. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares or to acquire other companies or technologies by using our shares as consideration. We cannot predict the prices at which our Class A common stock will trade. The initial public offering price of our Class A common stock will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters and may not bear any relationship to the market price at which our Class A common stock will trade after this offering or to any other established criteria of the value of our business and prospects.

Because the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our outstanding common stock following this offering, new investors will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

The initial public offering price is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately following this offering based on the total value of our tangible assets less our total liabilities. Therefore, if you purchase shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and the issuance by us of shares of Class A common stock in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution of $ per share, the difference between the price per share you pay for our Class A common stock and its pro forma net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2019. Furthermore, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares, if outstanding stock options are exercised, if we issue awards to our employees under our equity incentive plans, or if we otherwise issue additional shares of our Class A common stock, you could experience further dilution. See the section titled “Dilution” for additional information.

We will have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds we receive in this offering and may not use them effectively.

We will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds we receive in this offering, including for any of the purposes described in the section titled “Use of Proceeds,” and you will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of the net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. If we do not use the net proceeds that we receive in this offering effectively, our business, financial

condition, operating results, and prospects could be harmed, and the market price for our Class A common stock could decline. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade interest-bearing securities such as money market accounts, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government that may not generate a high yield to our stockholders. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our investors.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is limited by the restrictions under the terms of our loan and security agreement. We anticipate that for the foreseeable future we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the development of our business and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

Provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management, limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees, and limit the market price of our Class A common stock.

Provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws that will be in effect upon the completion of this offering may have the effect of delaying or preventing a merger, acquisition or other change of control of our company that the stockholders may consider favorable. In addition, because our board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Among other things, our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws include provisions that:

•

provide that our board of directors will be classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms;

•

permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly-created directorships;

•

require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws;

•

authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board of directors could use to implement a stockholder rights plan;

•

provide that only the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, or a majority of our board of directors will be authorized to call a special meeting of stockholders;

•

eliminate the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders;

•

prohibit cumulative voting;

•

provide that directors may only be removed “for cause” and only with the approval of two-thirds of our stockholders;

•

provide for a dual class common stock structure in which holders of our Class B common stock may have the ability to control the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets;

•

prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

•

provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter, or repeal our bylaws; and

•

establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings.

In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation will provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, to the fullest extent permitted by law, will be the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any

action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, our restated certificate of incorporation, or our restated bylaws, or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. This exclusive forum provision will not apply to claims that are vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or for which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction. For instance, the provision would not preclude the filing of claims brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder in federal court.

Moreover, Section 203 of the DGCL may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control of our company. Section 203 imposes certain restrictions on mergers, business combinations, and other transactions between us and holders of 15% or more of our common stock. See the section titled “Description of Capital Stock” for additional information.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this prospectus other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “potential,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan, “target,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•

our future financial performance, including our expectations regarding our revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit, operating expenses including changes in research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses (including any components of the foregoing), and our ability to achieve and maintain future profitability;

•

our business plan and our ability to effectively manage our growth;

•

anticipated trends, growth rates, and challenges in our business and in the markets in which we operate;

•

our market opportunity, including our TAM and SAM;

•

our international expansion plans and ability to continue to expand internationally;

•

market acceptance of our Connected Fitness Products and services;

•

beliefs and objectives for future operations;

•

our ability to increase sales of our Connected Fitness Products and services;

•

our ability to further penetrate our existing Subscriber base and maintain and expand our Subscriber base;

•

our ability to develop new Connected Fitness Products and services and bring them to market in a timely manner and make enhancements to our Connected Fitness Products;

•

the effects of seasonal trends on our results of operations;

•

our expectations concerning relationships with third parties;

•

our expectations regarding content costs for past use;

•

our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property;

•

the effects of increased competition in our markets and our ability to compete effectively;

•

our ability to stay in compliance with laws and regulations that currently apply or become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally; and

•

economic and industry trends, projected growth, or trend analysis.

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, performance, or

achievements. We undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as required by law.

You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed with the SEC as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with the understanding that our actual future results, performance, and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate, including our general expectations, market position, market opportunity, and market size, is based on information from various sources, including our own estimates, as well as assumptions that we have made that are based on such data and other similar sources, and on our knowledge of the market for our products and services. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. While we believe the market position, market opportunity, and market size information included in this prospectus is generally reliable, information of this sort is inherently imprecise. In addition, projections, assumptions, and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate is necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us.

This prospectus contains statistical data, estimates, and forecasts that are based on industry publications or reports generated by third-party providers, or other publicly available information, as well as other information based on internal estimates.

The sources of certain statistical data, estimates, and forecasts contained in this prospectus are provided below:

•

Global Wellness Institute, Wellness Now a $4.2 Trillion Global Industry, October 2018.

•

Kagan, a media research group of S&P Global Market Intelligence, Kagan Data Services: Economics of Mobile Music 2018 Edition, November 2018.

•

Kagan, a media research group of S&P Global Market Intelligence, U.S. Online Video Projections Through 2028, August 2018.

•

National Business Group on Health, Companies Expand Well-Being Programs and Increase Financial Incentives, April 2017.

•

Pew Research Center, 7 Facts About American Dads, June 2018.

•

The following reports from The International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association: The 2019 IHRSA Global Report, the 2018 IHRSA Health Club Consumer Report, 2018 IHRSA Global Report, IHRSA’s Guide to the Boutique Studio, and 2009 IHRSA Global Report.

Statistics and estimates related to our TAM and SAM are based on internal reports conducted with the assistance of our third-party marketing partner, Directions Research, Inc. In order to determine our TAM and SAM, we conducted an online survey of consumers across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada, surveying over 1,000 consumers in each market. Consumers who qualified for our study were (i) between the ages of 18 and 70 years old and (ii) had self-reported household annual pre-tax incomes of $50,000 or more, or the foreign equivalent. Consumer responses to the survey were used as the basis for determining our TAM and SAM by weighting such responses to population censuses based on age and/or income. To calculate our TAM, we multiplied the percentage of respondents who reported having broadband internet and being open to subscription fitness by total households represented in the survey, and then weighted the response based on the relevant population censuses. To calculate our SAM, we measured the percentage of the TAM population who expressed interest in purchasing products within one of our existing categories. To better estimate a respondent’s likelihood to purchase one of our Connected Fitness Products, we made certain downward adjustments based on industry probability purchase assumptions, to account for conflicting responses from individual respondents, and where a respondent’s response relating to how much he or she would pay for a Peloton product was below the mean stated price by one standard deviation or more. Once each respondent’s probability of purchasing each product was determined, we weighted the responses based on the relevant population. We calculate the expected SAM for our product portfolio by multiplying the average weighted purchase probability for each product by the total country TAM.

Certain monetary amounts, percentages, and other figures included elsewhere in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables or charts may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them, and figures expressed as percentages in the text may not total 100% or, as applicable, when aggregated may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses, will be approximately $ million, or $ million if the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full.

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds that we receive from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds that we receive from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming that the assumed initial public offering price of $ remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount.

We will have broad discretion over the uses of the net proceeds of this offering. Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade interest-bearing securities such as money market accounts, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our Credit Agreement contains restrictions on our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information.

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of June 30, 2019 on:

•

an actual basis;

•

a pro forma basis to give effect to (1) the redesignation of our outstanding common stock as Class B common stock in 2019, (2) the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019 into 210,640,629 shares of our Class B common stock, and (3) the filing and effectiveness of our restated certificate of incorporation; and

•

a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to the adjustments described above as well as the sale and issuance by us of shares of our Class A common stock offered in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses.

The pro forma as adjusted information below is illustrative only, and our cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ (deficit) equity, and total capitalization following the completion of this offering will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of the offering determined at the pricing of this offering. You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes, and the sections titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” each included elsewhere in this prospectus.


	As of June 30, 2019
	Actual			Pro Forma			Pro Forma as Adjusted⁽¹⁾
	(unaudited)
	(in millions, except share and per share data)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	162.1		$	162.1		$

Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.000025 par value per share: 215,443,468 shares authorized, 210,640,629 shares issued and outstanding, actual; zero shares authorized, issued, and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted	$	941.1		$	—		$
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity:
Preferred stock, $0.000025 par value per share: zero shares authorized, issued, and outstanding, actual; shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted		—			—
Common stock, $0.000025 par value per share: 400,000,000 shares authorized, 25,301,604 shares issued and outstanding, actual; zero shares authorized, issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted		—			—
Class A common stock, $0.000025 par value per share: zero shares authorized, issued, and outstanding, actual; shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted		—			—
Class B common stock, $0.000025 par value per share: zero shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; shares authorized, 235,942,233 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; shares authorized, 235,942,233 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		90.7			1,031.8
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		0.2			0.2
Accumulated deficit		(629.5	)		(629.5	)

Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity		(538.6	)		402.5

Total capitalization	$	402.5		$	402.5		$

(1)

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ (deficit) equity, and total capitalization by approximately $ million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ (deficit) equity, and total capitalization by approximately $ million, assuming that the assumed initial public offering price, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount. If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full, the pro forma as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ (deficit) equity, and total capitalization would increase by approximately $ , after deducting the estimated underwriting discount and we would have shares of our Class A common stock and 235,942,233 shares of our Class B common stock issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted.

•

240,000 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a warrant to purchase Class B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019, with an exercise price of $0.19 per share; and

•

shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans, consisting of (1) 9,085,593 shares of our Class B common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2015 Plan as of June 30, 2019 (which reserve does not reflect the options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock granted after June 30, 2019), (2) shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Plan, which will become effective on the date immediately prior to the date of this prospectus, and (3) shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our 2019 ESPP, which will become effective on the date of this prospectus.

DILUTION

If you invest in our Class A common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of Class A common stock in this initial public offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of Class A common stock immediately after this offering.

As of June 30, 2019, our pro forma net tangible book value was approximately $378.8 million, or $1.61 per share of common stock. Our pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets reduced by the amount of our total liabilities and divided by the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019 after giving effect to (1) the redesignation of our outstanding common stock as Class B common stock on , 2019, (2) the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019 into 210,640,629 shares of our Class B common stock, and (3) the filing and effectiveness of our restated certificate of incorporation.

After giving effect to our sale in this offering of shares of our Class A common stock, at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2019 would have been approximately $ million, or $ per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $ per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $ per share to investors purchasing Class A common stock in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price.

The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis to new investors:


Assumed initial public offering price per share		$
Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2019, before giving effect to this offering	$
Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors in this offering

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share

Dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering		$

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range reflected on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by $ per share and would increase (decrease) the dilution per share to new investors in this offering by $ per share, assuming the number of shares of Class A common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares of Class A common stock offered by us would increase (decrease) the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by $ per share and would increase (decrease) the dilution to new investors by $ per share, assuming the assumed initial public offering price, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount.

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock after giving effect to this offering would be $ per share and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors in this offering would be $ per share.

The following table summarizes, on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of June 30, 2019, after giving effect to the pro forma adjustments described above, the difference between existing stockholders and new investors purchasing shares of Class A common stock in this offering with respect to the number of shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us, and the average price per share paid by our existing stockholders or to be paid by investors purchasing shares in this

offering at an assumed offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, before deducting the estimated underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses:

Shares Purchased

Total Consideration

Average
Price
Per Share

Number

Percent

Amount

Percent

Existing stockholders

New investors

Total

100%

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) total consideration paid by new investors and total consideration paid by all stockholders by $ million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount.

Except as otherwise indicated, the above discussion and tables assume no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock. If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, our existing stockholders would own % and our new investors would own % of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering.

In addition, to the extent we issue any additional stock options or any outstanding stock options or warrant are exercised, or we issue any other securities or convertible debt in the future, investors will experience further dilution.

•

240,000 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a warrant to purchase Class B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019, with an exercise price of $0.19 per share; and

•

shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans, consisting of (1) 9,085,593 shares of our Class B common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2015 Plan as of June 30, 2019 (which reserve does not reflect the options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock granted after June 30, 2019), (2) shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Plan, which will become effective on the date immediately prior to the date of this prospectus, and (3) shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our 2019 ESPP, which will become effective on the date of this prospectus.

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA

The following tables present selected historical financial and other data for our business. We derived our selected consolidated statements of operations for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019 (except the pro forma share and pro forma net loss per share information) and our selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2019 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have derived our selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other period in the future. You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements, the accompanying notes, and other financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our fiscal year end is June 30, and our fiscal quarters end on September 30, December 31, March 31, and June 30. Our fiscal years ended June 30, 2017, 2018, and 2019 are referred to herein as fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively.


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
	(in millions, except share and per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	183.5		$	348.6		$	719.2
Subscription		32.5			80.3			181.1
Other		2.6			6.2			14.7

Total revenue		218.6			435.0			915.0

Cost of revenue⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾:
Connected Fitness Products		113.5			195.0			410.8
Subscription⁽³⁾		29.3			45.5			103.7
Other		1.9			4.9			17.0

Total cost of revenue		144.7			245.4			531.4

Gross profit		73.9			189.6			383.6

Operating expenses:
Research and development⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		13.0			23.4			54.8
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		86.0			151.4			324.0
General and administrative⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		45.6			62.4			207.0

Total operating expenses		144.7			237.1			585.8

Loss from operations		(70.7	)		(47.5	)		(202.3	)
Other (expense) income, net		(0.3	)		(0.3	)		6.7

Loss before provision for income taxes		(71.1	)		(47.8	)		(195.6	)

Provision for income taxes		—			0.1			0.1

Net loss	$	(71.1	)	$	(47.9	)	$	(195.6	)


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
	(in millions, except share and per share data)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(163.4	)	$	(47.9	)	$	(245.7	)

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted⁽⁴⁾	$	(5.97	)	$	(2.18	)	$	(10.72	)

Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted⁽⁴⁾		27,379,789			21,934,228			22,911,764

Pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (unaudited)⁽⁴⁾							$	(0.84	)

Pro forma weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted (unaudited)⁽⁴⁾								233,552,393

(1)	Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	—	$	—	$	0.3
Subscription		0.1		0.5		3.2
Other		—		—		—

Total cost of revenue		0.1		0.5		3.5

Research and development		0.4		0.8		7.1
Sales and marketing		0.4		0.7		8.4
General and administrative		9.5		6.5		70.5

Total stock-based compensation expense	$	10.3	$	8.5	$	89.5

(2)	Includes depreciation and amortization expense as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	0.4	$	0.3	$	1.2
Subscription		1.2		2.8		11.3
Other		—		—		—

Total cost of revenue		1.6		3.1		12.6

Research and development		—		—		—
Sales and marketing		1.0		1.7		4.0
General and administrative		1.1		1.8		5.2

Total depreciation and amortization expense	$	3.7	$	6.6	$	21.7

(3)	Included in subscription cost of revenue are content costs for past use as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Content costs for past use⁽¹⁾	$	15.5	$	14.5	$	16.4

(1)

(4)


	As of June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:	(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	155.0		$	150.6		$	162.1
Working capital		117.6			33.6			290.9
Total assets		198.7			271.2			864.5
Customer deposits and deferred revenue		25.6			88.5			90.8
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		406.3			406.3			941.1
Total stockholders’ deficit		(281.6	)		(315.6	)		(538.6	)

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted to exclude: interest income, net; other income, net; provision for income taxes; depreciation and amortization expense; stock-based compensation expense; costs related to acquisitions; certain litigation expenses, consisting of legal settlements and related fees for specific proceedings that arise outside of the ordinary course of our business; and the ground lease expense related to build-to-suit lease obligations. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.

We use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin as measures of operating performance and the operating leverage in our business. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors for period-to-period comparisons of our business and in understanding and evaluating our operating results for the following reasons:

•

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are widely used by investors and securities analysts to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, other (income) expense, net, and provision for income taxes that can vary substantially from company to company depending upon their financing, capital structures, and the method by which assets were acquired;

•

our management uses Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin in conjunction with financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget, as a measure of our core operating results and the effectiveness of our business strategy, and in evaluating our financial performance; and

•

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin provide consistency and comparability with our past financial performance, facilitate period-to-period comparisons of our core operating results, and also facilitate comparisons with other peer companies, many of which use similar non-GAAP financial measures to supplement their GAAP results.

Our use of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider these measures in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are, or may in the future be, as follows:

•

although depreciation and amortization expense are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin do not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;

•

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin exclude stock-based compensation expense, which has recently been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense for our business and an important part of our compensation strategy;

•

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin do not reflect: (1) changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (2) interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt, which reduces cash available to us; or (3) tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;

•

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin do not reflect certain litigation expenses, consisting of legal settlements and related fees for specific proceedings, that arise outside of the ordinary course of our business;

•

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin do not reflect the non-cash ground lease expense related to our new corporate headquarters lease whereby we are considered, for accounting purposes only, the owner of the construction project under current build-to-suit lease accounting;

•

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin do not reflect transaction costs related to acquisitions; and

•

the expenses and other items that we exclude in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin may differ from the expenses and other items, if any, that other companies may exclude from Adjusted EBITDA when they report their operating results and we may, in the future, exclude other significant, unusual or non-recurring expenses or other items from these financial measures.

Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should be considered along with other operating and financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with GAAP, for each of the periods indicated:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
	(dollars in millions)
Net loss⁽¹⁾	$	(71.1	)	$	(47.9	)	$	(195.6	)
Adjusted to exclude the following:
Other (expense) income, net		(0.3	)		(0.3	)		6.7
Provision for income taxes		—			0.1			0.1
Depreciation and amortization expense		3.7			6.6			21.7
Stock-based compensation expense		10.3			8.5			89.5
Transaction costs		—			0.5			0.4
Litigation expenses		5.0			1.5			12.1
Ground lease expense related to build-to-suit obligations		—			—			7.2

Adjusted EBITDA	$	(51.8	)	$	(30.4	)	$	(71.3	)

Adjusted EBITDA Margin		(23.7	)%		(7.0	)%		(7.8	)%

(1)	Included in net loss are content costs for past use as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Content costs for past use⁽¹⁾	$	15.5	$	14.5	$	16.4

(1)

From time-to-time, we execute music royalty agreements with various music rights holders. As part of these go-forward license agreements, we may also enter into agreements whereby we are released from all potential licensor claims regarding our alleged past use of copyrighted material in our content in exchange for a mutually-agreed payment. We refer to these payments as content costs for past use. Included in Adjusted EBITDA are content costs for past use. These costs had a negative basis point impact on Adjusted EBITDA Margin of 711, 333, and 180 for fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively.

Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin

We define Subscription Contribution as subscription revenue less cost of subscription revenue, adjusted to exclude from cost of subscription revenue, depreciation and amortization expense and stock-based compensation expense. Subscription Contribution Margin is calculated by dividing Subscription Contribution by subscription revenue.

We use Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin to measure our ability to scale and leverage the costs of our Connected Fitness Subscriptions and measure Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors for period-to-period comparisons of our business and in understanding and evaluating our operating results because our management uses Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin in conjunction with financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget, as a measure of our core operating results and the effectiveness of our business strategy, and in evaluating our financial performance.

Our use of Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider these in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are as follows:

•

although depreciation and amortization expense are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin do not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; and

•

Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin exclude stock-based compensation expense, which has recently been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense for our business and an important part of our compensation strategy.

Because of these limitations, Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin should be considered along with other operating and financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Subscription Contribution to subscription gross profit, the most directly comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with GAAP, for each of the periods indicated:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
	(dollars in millions)
Subscription revenue	$	32.5		$	80.3		$	181.1
Less: Cost of subscription⁽¹⁾		29.3			45.5			103.7

Subscription gross profit		3.2			34.7			77.4

Subscription gross margin		9.7	%		43.3	%		42.7	%

Adjusted to exclude the following:
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	1.2		$	2.8		$	11.3
Stock-based compensation expense		0.1			0.5			3.2

Subscription Contribution	$	4.4		$	38.0		$	91.9

Subscription Contribution Margin		13.5	%		47.5	%		50.8	%

(1)	Included in cost of subscription are content costs for past use as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Content costs for past use⁽¹⁾	$	15.5	$	14.5	$	16.4

(1)

From time-to-time, we execute music royalty agreements with various music rights holders. As part of these go-forward license agreements, we may also enter into agreements whereby we are released from all potential licensor claims regarding our alleged past use of copyrighted material in our content in exchange for a mutually-agreed payment. We refer to these payments as content costs for past use. Included in Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin are content costs for past use. These costs had a negative basis point impact on Subscription Contribution Margin of 4,788, 1,805, and 908 for fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the section titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should read the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. Our fiscal year end is June 30, and our fiscal quarters end on September 30, December 31, March 31, and June 30. Our fiscal years ended June 30, 2017, 2018, and 2019 are referred to herein as fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively.

Overview of Our Business and History

Peloton is the largest interactive fitness platform in the world with a loyal community of over 1.4 million Members. We pioneered connected, technology-enabled fitness, and the streaming of immersive, instructor-led boutique classes to our Members anytime, anywhere. We make fitness entertaining, approachable, effective, and convenient while fostering social connections that encourage our Members to be the best versions of themselves.

Key milestones in our growth history include:

LOGO

We define a Member as any individual who has a Peloton account. We define a Connected Fitness Subscriber as either a paid Connected Fitness Subscriber (a Connected Fitness Subscription with a successful credit card billing or with prepaid subscription credits or waivers) or a paused Connected Fitness Subscriber (a Connected Fitness Subscription where the Subscriber has requested to “Pause” for up to 3 months). We define a Digital Subscriber as an individual or household that has a paid Peloton Digital subscription with a successful credit card billing.

**	Total Global Subscribers represents the aggregate number of Connected Fitness Subscribers and Digital Subscribers. As of June 30, 2019, we had approximately 613,000 Global Subscribers.

Our revenue is primarily generated from the sale of our Connected Fitness Products and associated recurring subscription revenue. We have experienced significant growth in sales of our Connected Fitness Products, which, when combined with our low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn has led to significant growth in Connected Fitness Subscribers. From fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2019, total revenue grew 110%, and our Connected Fitness Subscriber base grew 108%.

For fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019:

•

We generated total revenue of $218.6 million, $435.0 million, and $915.0 million, respectively, representing 99.0% and 110.3% year-over-year growth;

•

As of June 30, 2017, June 30, 2018, and June 30, 2019, we had 107,708, 245,667, and 511,202 Connected Fitness Subscribers, respectively, representing 128.1% and 108.1% year-over-year growth;

•

Our Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn was 0.70%, 0.64%, and 0.65%, respectively;

•

We incurred net losses of $(71.1) million, $(47.9) million, and $(195.6) million, respectively; and

•

Our Adjusted EBITDA was $(51.8) million, $(30.4) million, and $(71.3) million, respectively.

For a definition of Connected Fitness Subscribers, Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn, Subscription Contribution Margin, and Adjusted EBITDA, see the section titled “—Key Operational and Business Metrics.”

As a supplement to our key operational and business metrics described herein, we also measure our number of Members to understand the scale of our platform and market penetration. Unlike our number of Connected Fitness Subscriptions or Digital Subscriptions, a Member represents a single individual who has a Peloton account. It is often the case that a Connected Fitness Subscription or Digital Subscription is used by multiple members of a single family that each have individual Peloton accounts. As of June 30, 2019, we had over 1.4 million Members and the average Connected Fitness Subscription was used by 2.0 Members.

Our Business Model

Our financial profile is characterized by high growth, strong retention, recurring revenue, margin expansion, and efficient customer acquisition.

Grow Our Connected Fitness Subscriber Base

We are still in the early stages of growth. As of June 30, 2019, we had sold approximately 577,000 Connected Fitness Products globally, a small fraction of the 14 million products we believe reflect our SAM in our current and announced markets (the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany) and current fitness product verticals. We believe our success in growing our Connected Fitness Subscriber base is due to our data-driven marketing and education-based multi-channel sales efforts, word-of-mouth referrals from our loyal Members, and broadening customer demographics. In order to grow our Connected Fitness Subscriber base, we plan to drive sales of our Connected Fitness Products by continuing to increase consumer awareness through brand and product marketing, the introduction of new Connected Fitness Products in existing and new fitness and wellness verticals, and geographical expansion.

In addition to our Connected Fitness Subscription for $39.00 per month, we also offer a Digital Subscription for $19.49 per month. As of June 30, 2019, we had approximately 102,000 Digital Subscribers. In 2018, we relaunched Peloton Digital

when we expanded our content offering to include bootcamp and indoor/outdoor running and walking classes. Later in 2018, we significantly expanded our yoga content offering and launched meditation. While we believe we can grow our Digital Subscriber base over time, the focus of Peloton Digital today is to increase engagement with our Connected Fitness Subscribers. In addition, Peloton Digital provides users an opportunity to try Peloton content before they purchase a Connected Fitness Product.

Increase Engagement to Drive High Retention

By making fitness fun and motivating, we help our Members achieve their personal goals. We continuously improve our platform, which results in increased usage of our Connected Fitness Products and Peloton Digital. We analyze millions of workouts per month to help us develop new software features that improve our Member experience, as well as create new on-trend fitness and wellness content. We also develop innovative fitness programs and goal-based challenges to help Members feel more accountable and motivated. As our community of Members continues to grow, the Peloton fitness experience becomes more inspiring, more competitive, more immersive, and more connected, fueling the desire of each of our Members to achieve their fitness goals.

Engagement is the leading indicator of retention for our Connected Fitness Subscribers. We have consistently seen an increase in Average Monthly Workouts per Connected Fitness Subscriber. Total Workouts completed by our Connected Fitness Subscribers have grown significantly over the past few years. We evaluate engagement on a year-over-year basis given the seasonality in our Members’ workout patterns. Our third quarter tends to have elevated workout levels due to New Year’s resolutions and colder weather. Our first quarter tends to have lower workout levels as Members enjoy outdoor-based fitness activities and summer vacations.

For a definition of Workouts, Total Workouts, and Average Monthly Workouts per Connected Fitness Subscriber, see the section titled “—Key Operational and Business Metrics.”

LOGO

We have seen an increase in engagement over time, across our cohorts of Connected Fitness Subscribers. Average Monthly Workouts per Connected Fitness Subscriber are higher for our most recent cohorts and engagement for each cohort has been consistent or improved over time. For example, the fiscal 2017 cohort includes all Connected Fitness Subscribers who joined Peloton between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017.

LOGO

Usage drives value and loyalty, which is evidenced by our consistently low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn. For a definition of Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn, see the section titled “—Key Operational and Business Metrics.”

LOGO

Improve Profitability through Scaling Content Platform

We measure Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin to understand and evaluate the profitability of our subscription business and Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value. For a definition of Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin, see the section titled “—Key Operational and Business Metrics.” Our subscription gross margin for fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019 was 9.7%, 43.3%, and 42.7%, respectively. The increase in our subscription gross margin from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2018 was primarily driven by content costs for past use, which, while relatively flat on an aggregate dollar basis, more adversely impacted subscription gross margin for fiscal 2017 given a lower Connected Fitness Subscriber base. We also drove further margin improvements in fiscal 2018 by leveraging fixed costs of content production while expanding our Connected Fitness Subscriber base. Subscription gross margin decreased during fiscal 2019 as we began to make significant investments in Tread content as well as expansion into new content verticals. We also began incurring expenses for our new production studios in New York City and London and incurred additional content costs for past use in fiscal 2019. Our Subscription Contribution Margin for fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019 was 13.5%, 47.5%, and 50.8%, respectively. When excluding content costs for past use, in fiscal 2019 we experienced a decline in our Subscription Contribution Margin which was driven by additional investments in new content verticals in the quarters ended December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. See the section titled “—Content Costs for Past Use” for additional information. To support the launch of our Tread, we leased a new studio in New York City and added hundreds of original programs including bootcamp and indoor/outdoor running and walking classes. In late 2018, we significantly expanded our

yoga offering and launched meditation. We view the majority of these costs as fixed and scalable over time as we grow our Subscriber base. For a discussion of these recent growth initiatives see the section titled “—Factors Affecting Our Performance—Ability to Invest.”

We expect to benefit from continued efficiencies in sales and marketing expenses resulting from increasing brand awareness, word-of-mouth referrals from our growing Member base, and further optimization of our sales and marketing investments by channel. We also expect to achieve operating leverage as we scale fixed general and administrative expenses, including those associated with our new headquarters in New York City.

Maintain Compelling Unit Economics

Our unit economic model benefits from low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn and high Subscription Contribution Margin. When we acquire a new Connected Fitness Subscriber, we offset sales and marketing investments with the gross profit earned on the sale of Connected Fitness Products, allowing for rapid payback. Thereafter, we earn recurring, high-margin subscription revenue. To illustrate our compelling unit economic model, we have presented our Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value and Net Customer Acquisition costs for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019.

We have a high Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value, which can be calculated as:

•

our monthly Connected Fitness Subscription fee of $39.00; multiplied by

•

Connected Fitness Subscribers added in a period; multiplied by

•

months of Subscription Lifetime implied by our Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn in the period (calculated by dividing one by our Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn); multiplied by

•

(Subscription Contribution plus content costs for past use) divided by subscription revenue.

Our Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, was $267.1 million, $604.4 million, and $1,053.8 million, respectively, or $3,433, $4,015, and $3,593 per Connected Fitness Subscriber, respectively.

As we expand our content offering, develop new interactive software features, and grow our community of Members, we believe we can maintain a low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn, resulting in a high Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value. In addition, with the growth of our Connected Fitness Subscriber base over time, we expect to improve our Subscription Contribution Margin as we scale our fixed content production costs.

Net Customer Acquisition Cost (profit) can be calculated as Adjusted Sales and Marketing Expense (which excludes depreciation and amortization expense and stock-based compensation expense) less Adjusted Connected Fitness Product Gross Profit (which excludes depreciation and amortization expense and stock-based compensation expense). Our Net Customer Acquisition Costs (profit) for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, was $14.2 million, $(4.9) million, and $1.6 million, respectively, or $183, $(33), and $5 per Connected Fitness Subscriber added, respectively. We believe we will continue to drive rapid payback and efficiencies in Net Customer Acquisition Costs (profit) by further leveraging sales and marketing investments as a result of heightened brand awareness and growing word-of-mouth referrals. Changes in Connected Fitness Product margins or sales and marketing expenses may result in an inability to fully offset our customer acquisition costs.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

Our financial condition and results of operations have been, and will continue to be, affected by a number of factors, including the following:

Ability to Attract New Connected Fitness Subscribers and Scale Our Platform

Our long-term growth will depend in part on our continued ability to attract new Connected Fitness Subscribers. We are still in the early stages of growth in our existing markets and believe we can significantly grow our Connected Fitness Subscriber base. If we cannot attract new Connected Fitness Subscribers as quickly as we expect, our operating results may be adversely affected. The inability to grow our Connected Fitness Subscriber base would reduce efficiency in customer acquisition costs and slow operating margin improvement.

To increase affordability and expand our addressable market, we offer attractive financing programs for qualified customers. We report revenue net of third-party financing partner fees. Accordingly, to the extent that these third-party financing partner fees change, or the number of products purchased through our financing programs fluctuates, our revenue and Subscription Contribution Margin will be affected.

Ability to Engage and Retain Our Existing Connected Fitness Subscribers

Our long-term growth will partially depend on our continued ability to retain existing Connected Fitness Subscribers. Engagement is the leading indicator of retention for our Connected Fitness Subscribers, and we must continue to provide an experience that our Members love. We cannot be sure that we will be successful in engaging and retaining Connected Fitness Subscribers, or that retention levels will not materially decline due to any number of factors, such as harm to our brand, or our inability to anticipate and meet consumer preferences and successfully implement new software features and content to meet those demands.

Ability to Invest

We will continue to make investments across our business to drive growth, and therefore we expect expenses to increase. We will continue to invest significant resources in sales and marketing to drive demand for our products and services. We will also continue to invest in research and development to enhance our platform, develop new Connected Fitness Products and software features, update and expand our content offering, and improve our infrastructure. For example, during fiscal 2019, we added eight new instructors and opened a temporary New York City production studio to produce bootcamp and indoor/outdoor running and walking classes. To support our rapid growth, we also intend to continue investing in our supply chain and logistics operations. We have in the past made, and may also in the future make, acquisitions or investments in strategic partnerships to further drive our growth. As cost of revenue, operating expenses, and capital expenditures increase as we invest in our business for long-term growth, we are likely to experience additional losses, delaying our ability to achieve profitability and adversely affecting cash flows.

Ability to Grow in New Geographies

Entering new geographic markets requires us to invest in sales and marketing, infrastructure, and personnel, including by establishing additional offices, showrooms, and potentially smaller local production studios. Our international growth will depend on our ability to sell Connected Fitness Products and associated Connected Fitness Subscriptions in international markets. Our international expansion has resulted in, and will continue to result in, increased costs and is subject to a variety of risks, including local competition, content localization, multilingual customer support, potentially complex delivery logistics, and compliance with foreign laws and regulations.

Seasonality

Historically, we have experienced higher revenue in the second and third quarters of the fiscal year compared to other quarters, due in large part to seasonal holiday demand, New Year’s resolutions, and cold weather. For example, in fiscal 2018 and 2019, our second and third quarters combined each represented 63% and 63% of our total revenue. We also incur higher sales and marketing expenses during these periods, which we expect to continue.

Key Operational and Business Metrics

In addition to the measures presented in our consolidated financial statements, we use the following key operational and business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, develop financial forecasts, and make strategic decisions.


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
Connected Fitness Subscribers		107,708			245,667			511,202
Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn		0.70	%		0.64	%		0.65	%
Total Workouts (in thousands)		6,157			17,856			52,151
Average Monthly Workouts per Connected Fitness Subscriber		7.5			8.4			11.5
Subscription Gross Profit (in millions)	$	3.2		$	34.7		$	77.4
Subscription Contribution (in millions)⁽¹⁾	$	4.4		$	38.0		$	91.9
Subscription Gross Margin		9.7	%		43.3	%		42.7	%
Subscription Contribution Margin⁽¹⁾		13.5	%		47.5	%		50.8	%
Net Loss (in millions)	$	(71.1	)	$	(47.9	)	$	(195.6	)
Adjusted EBITDA (in millions)⁽²⁾	$	(51.8	)	$	(30.4	)	$	(71.3	)
Adjusted EBITDA Margin⁽²⁾		(23.7	)%		(7.0	)%		(7.8	)%

(1)	Please see the section titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of gross profit to Subscription Contribution and an explanation for why we consider Subscription Contribution to be a helpful metric for investors.

(2)	Please see the section titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA and an explanation for why we consider Adjusted EBITDA to be a helpful metric for investors.

Connected Fitness Subscribers

Our ability to expand the number of Connected Fitness Subscribers is an indicator of our market penetration and growth. A Connected Fitness Subscriber can represent a person, household or commercial property, such as a hotel or residential building.

A Connected Fitness Subscription is either a paid Connected Fitness Subscriber (a Connected Fitness Subscription with a successful credit card billing or with prepaid subscription credits or waivers) or paused Connected Fitness Subscriber (a Connected Fitness Subscription where the Subscriber has requested to “Pause” for up to 3 months). We do not include canceled or unpaid Connected Fitness Subscriptions in the Connected Fitness Subscriber count.

Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn

We use Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn to measure the retention of our Connected Fitness Subscribers. We define Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn as Connected Fitness Subscriber cancellations, net of reactivations, in the quarter, divided by the average number of beginning Connected Fitness Subscribers in each month, divided by three months. This metric does not include data related to our Digital Subscribers.

Total Workouts and Average Monthly Workouts per Connected Fitness Subscriber

We review Total Workouts and Average Monthly Workouts per Connected Fitness Subscriber to measure engagement, which is the leading indicator of retention for our Connected Fitness Subscribers. We define Total Workouts as all workouts completed during a given period. We define a Workout as a Connected Fitness Subscriber either completing at least 50% of an instructor-led or scenic ride or run or ten or more minutes of “Just Ride” or “Just Run” mode. We define Average Monthly Workouts per Connected Fitness Subscriber as the Total Workouts completed in the quarter divided by the average number of Connected Fitness Subscribers in each month, divided by three months.

Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin

We use Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin to measure our ability to scale and leverage the costs of our Connected Fitness Subscriptions and measure Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value. The continued growth of our Connected Fitness Subscriber base will allow us to improve our Subscription Contribution Margin and

aggregate Connected Fitness Subscriber Lifetime Value. While there are variable costs, including music royalties, associated with our Connected Fitness Subscriptions, a significant portion of our content creation costs are fixed given that we operate with a limited number of production studios and instructors. The fixed nature of those expenses should scale over time as we grow our Connected Fitness Subscriber base.

We define Subscription Contribution as subscription revenue less cost of subscription revenue, adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization expense, and stock-based compensation expense. Subscription Contribution Margin is calculated by dividing Subscription Contribution by subscription revenue. See the section titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data—Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin” for information regarding our use of Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin and a reconciliation of Subscription Contribution to subscription gross profit.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are key performance measures that our management uses to assess our operating performance and the operating leverage in our business. Because Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin facilitate internal comparisons of our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis, we use these measures for business planning purposes. We also believe this information will be useful for investors to facilitate comparisons of our operating performance and better identify trends in our business. We expect Adjusted EBITDA Margin to increase over the long-term as we continue to scale our business and achieve greater leverage in our operating expenses.

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted to exclude other (expense) income, provision for (benefit from) income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense, transaction costs, certain litigation expenses, consisting of legal settlements and related fees for specific proceedings that arise outside of the ordinary course of our business, and non-cash ground lease expense related to build-to-suit obligations. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by total revenue. See the section titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data—Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin” for information regarding our use of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss.

Components of our Operating Results

We operate and manage our business in three reportable segments: Connected Fitness Products, Subscription, and Other. We identify our reportable segments based on the information used by management to monitor performance and make operating decisions. See Note 17 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for additional information regarding our reportable segments.

Revenue

Connected Fitness Products

Connected Fitness Product revenue consists of sales of our Bike and Tread and related accessories, associated fees for delivery and installation, and extended warranty agreements. Connected Fitness Product revenue is recognized at the time of delivery and is recorded net of returns and discounts and third-party financing program fees.

Subscription

Subscription revenue consists of revenue generated from our monthly $39.00 Connected Fitness Subscription and $19.49 Digital Subscription. Subscription revenue also includes revenue generated from guests who pay to take a live class in one of our studios, which has been immaterial to date.

Historically, we offered a prepaid subscription option where Members earned one free month or three free months of subscription with the upfront purchase of a 12-month subscription or 24-month subscription, respectively. We also offered Connected Fitness Subscribers the ability to purchase a 12-, 24-, or 39-month prepaid subscription with the purchase of a Connected Fitness Product as part of our financing program, which provides 0% APR financing to qualified customers over a term of up to 39 months. The associated financing fees are paid to our third-party partner at the outset of the arrangement and are recorded as a reduction to Subscription revenue over the contract term. We terminated both offerings by July 2018 at which point all subsequent future subscriptions became month-to-month; however, we will continue to see an impact to subscription revenue until fiscal 2022 as the revenue under legacy prepaid subscriptions is earned ratably over the remaining service period, which extends up to 39 months from the initial date of subscription activation.

Other

Other revenue primarily consists of Peloton branded apparel.

Cost of Revenue

Connected Fitness Products

Connected Fitness Product cost of revenue consists of Bike and Tread product costs, including manufacturing costs, duties and other applicable importing costs, shipping and handling costs, packaging, warranty replacement costs, fulfillment costs, warehousing costs, and certain allocated costs related to management, facilities, and personnel-related expenses associated with supply chain logistics. As we launch new Connected Fitness Products, such as the Tread, and continue to grow our presence in new regions where we have not yet achieved economies of scale, we expect to incur higher cost of revenue (as a percentage of sales) for our Connected Fitness Products.

Subscription

Subscription cost of revenue includes costs associated with content creation and costs to stream content to our Members. These costs consist of both fixed costs, including studio rent and occupancy, other studio overhead, instructor and production personnel-related expenses, as well as variable costs, including music royalty fees, content costs for past use, third-party platform streaming costs and payment processing fees for our monthly subscription billings. While our fixed costs currently represent the majority of these costs, music royalty fees are our largest subscription variable cost. As we have grown the number of licensing agreements with music rights holders, music royalty fees as a percent of our subscription revenue has increased. However, unlike music streaming services where having an exhaustive music catalog is vital to be able to compete for customers, we have control over what music we select for our classes. As a result, we expect to be able to manage music expense such that, over time, these fees as a percentage of subscription revenue will flatten, or even decrease.

Other

Other cost of revenue consists primarily of apparel costs, as well as related warehousing and fulfillment costs.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Research and development expense primarily consists of personnel and facilities-related expenses, consulting and contractor expenses, tooling and prototype materials, and software platform expenses. We capitalize certain qualified costs incurred in connection with the development of internal-use software which may also cause research and development expenses to vary from period to period. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars in future periods and vary from period to period as a percentage of total revenue as we continue to hire personnel to develop new and enhance existing Connected Fitness Products and interactive software.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense consists of performance marketing media spend, asset creation, and other brand creative, all showroom expenses and related lease payments, payment processing fees incurred in connection with the sale of our Connected Fitness Products, sales and marketing personnel-related expenses, and all expenses related to Peloton Digital. We intend to continue to invest in our sales and marketing capabilities in the future and expect this expense to increase in absolute dollars in future periods as we release new products and expand internationally. Sales and marketing expense as a percentage of total revenue may fluctuate from period to period based on total revenue and the timing of our investments in our sales and marketing functions as these investments may vary in scope and scale over future periods.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense includes personnel-related expenses and facilities-related costs primarily for our executive, finance, accounting, legal, human resources, and IT functions. General and administrative expense also includes fees for professional services principally comprised of legal, audit, tax and accounting services, and insurance.

Following the completion of this offering, we expect to incur additional general and administrative expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses related to compliance and reporting obligations of public companies,

and increased costs for insurance, investor relations expenses, and professional services. As a result, we expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars in future periods and vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue, but we expect to leverage these expenses over time as we grow our revenue and Connected Fitness Subscriber base.

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Other (expense) income, net consists of interest (expense) income associated with our debt financing arrangements, amortization of debt issuance costs and interest income earned on investments.

Provision for (Benefit From) Income Taxes

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists primarily of income taxes related to foreign and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our federal and state deferred tax assets as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that the deferred assets will not be utilized.

Significant Impacts of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Tender Offers

In April 2017, we commenced a cash tender offer, which was completed in June 2017, for the repurchase of shares of our outstanding common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock from existing stockholders, including current and former employees, which had a significant impact on our stock-based compensation expense for fiscal 2017. In the 2017 tender offer, we repurchased an aggregate of 9,661,156 shares of our capital stock. The purchase price per share in the tender offer was in excess of the fair value of our outstanding common stock at the time of the transaction and accordingly, upon the completion of the transaction, we recorded $8.3 million as stock-based compensation expense related to the excess of the selling price per share of common stock paid to our employees over the fair value of the tendered shares.

In August 2018, we commenced a cash tender offer, which was completed in October 2018, for the repurchase of shares of our outstanding common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock from existing stockholders, including current and former employees, which had a significant impact on our stock-based compensation expense for fiscal 2019. In the 2018 tender offer, we repurchased an aggregate of 9,264,518 shares of our capital stock. The purchase price per share in the tender offer was in excess of the fair value of our outstanding common stock at the time of the transaction and accordingly, upon the completion of the transaction, we recorded $28.2 million as stock-based compensation expense related to the excess of the selling price per share of common stock paid to our employees over the fair value of the tendered shares.

Additionally, for shares held less than six months and thus deemed to not be subject to market risks, we recorded a liability for the maximum number of shares that were eligible for the tender offer when it became probable that the event allowing for the redemption would occur. To the extent that this liability exceeded amounts previously recognized in equity, the excess was recognized as compensation cost. As a result of this liability, we recognized an additional stock-compensation expense of $33.5 million. See Note 12 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for additional information.

The total stock-based compensation expense related to the tender offers impacted fiscal 2017 and the first and second quarters of fiscal 2019 as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2017		Three Months Ended
	Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2017		Sept. 30, 2018		Dec. 31, 2018
			(unaudited)
	(in millions)
Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	—	$	—	$	—
Subscription		—		0.9		0.2
Other		—		—		—

Total cost of revenue		—		0.9		0.2

Research and development		—		2.5		1.3
Sales and marketing		—		3.9		2.3
General and administrative		8.3		26.2		24.4

Total stock-based compensation expense	$	8.3	$	33.5	$	28.2

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our consolidated results of operations in dollars and as a percentage of total revenue for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparisons of our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future.


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
	(in millions)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	183.5		$	348.6		$	719.2
Subscription		32.5			80.3			181.1
Other		2.6			6.2			14.7

Total revenue		218.6			435.0			915.0

Cost of revenue⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾:
Connected Fitness Products		113.5			195.0			410.8
Subscription⁽³⁾		29.3			45.5			103.7
Other		1.9			4.9			17.0

Total cost of revenue		144.7			245.4			531.4

Gross profit		73.9			189.6			383.6
Operating expenses:
Research and development⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		13.0			23.4			54.8
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		86.0			151.4			324.0
General and administrative⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		45.6			62.4			207.0

Total operating expenses		144.7			237.1			585.8

Loss from operations		(70.7	)		(47.5	)		(202.3	)
Other (expense) income, net		(0.3	)		(0.3	)		6.7

Loss before provision for income taxes		(71.1	)		(47.8	)		(195.6	)

Provision for income taxes		—			0.1			0.1

Net loss	$	(71.1	)	$	(47.9	)	$	(195.6	)

(1)	Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	—	$	—	$	0.3
Subscription		0.1		0.5		3.2
Other		—		—		—

Total cost of revenue		0.1		0.5		3.5

Research and development		0.4		0.8		7.1
Sales and marketing		0.4		0.7		8.4
General and administrative		9.5		6.5		70.5

Total stock-based compensation expense	$	10.3	$	8.5	$	89.5

(2)	Includes depreciation and amortization expense as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	0.4	$	0.3	$	1.2
Subscription		1.2		2.8		11.3
Other		—		—		—

Total cost of revenue		1.6		3.1		12.6

Research and development		—		—		—
Sales and marketing		1.0		1.7		4.0
General and administrative		1.1		1.8		5.2

Total depreciation and amortization expense	$	3.7	$	6.6	$	21.7

(3)	Included in subscription cost of revenue are content costs for past use as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in millions)
Content costs for past use	$	15.5	$	14.5	$	16.4

Comparison of the Years Ended June 30, 2017, 2018, and 2019

Revenue


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,									2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	2017			2018			2019			2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	(dollars in millions)
Revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	183.5		$	348.6		$	719.2			89.9	%		106.3%
Subscription		32.5			80.3			181.1			147.3			125.6
Other		2.6			6.2			14.7			135.5			137.9

Total revenue	$	218.6		$	435.0		$	915.0			99.0			110.3

Percentage of total revenue:
Connected Fitness Products		84.0	%		80.1	%		78.6	%
Subscription		14.8			18.5			19.8
Other		1.2			1.4			1.6

Total		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

2018 Compared to 2019

Connected Fitness Products revenue for fiscal 2019 increased $370.7 million, or 106.3%, compared to fiscal 2018. This increase was primarily attributable to the significant growth in the number of Connected Fitness Products delivered during the period.

Subscription revenue for fiscal 2019 increased $100.8 million, or 125.6%, compared to fiscal 2018. This increase was primarily attributable to the growth in our Connected Fitness Subscribers from 245,667 to 511,202 during the period. The growth of our Connected Fitness Subscribers was primarily driven by the increased number of Connected Fitness Products delivered during the period and our low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn of 0.65% for fiscal 2019.

Other revenue for fiscal 2019 increased $8.5 million, or 137.9%, compared to fiscal 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to the growth of our branded apparel sales during the period.

2017 Compared to 2018

Connected Fitness Products revenue for fiscal 2018 increased $165.0 million, or 89.9%, compared to fiscal 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to the significant growth in the number of Connected Fitness Products delivered during the period.

Subscription revenue for fiscal 2018 increased $47.8 million, or 147.3%, compared to fiscal 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to the growth in our Connected Fitness Subscribers from 107,708 to 245,667 during the period. The growth of our Connected Fitness Subscribers was primarily driven by the increased number of Connected Fitness Products delivered during the period and our low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn of 0.64% in fiscal 2018.

Other revenue for fiscal 2018 increased $3.6 million, or 135.5%, compared to fiscal 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to the growth of our branded apparel sales during the period.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,									2017 to 2018			2018 to 2019
	2017			2018			2019			% Change			% Change
	(dollars in millions)
Cost of Revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	113.5		$	195.0		$	410.8			71.7	%		110.7	%
Subscription		29.3			45.5			103.7			55.4			127.7
Other		1.9			4.9			17.0			163.3			247.7

Total cost of revenue	$	144.7		$	245.4		$	531.4			69.6			116.6

Gross Profit:
Connected Fitness Products	$	70.0		$	153.6		$	308.4			119.4	%		100.8	%
Subscription		3.2			34.7			77.4			NM			122.9
Other		0.8			1.3			(2.3	)		68.6			NM

Total gross profit	$	73.9		$	189.6		$	383.6			156.5			102.3

Gross Margin:
Connected Fitness Products		38.1	%		44.1	%		42.9	%
Subscription		9.7			43.3			42.7
Other		29.3			21.0			(15.5	)

* NM—Not meaningful

2018 Compared to 2019

Connected Fitness Products cost of revenue for fiscal 2019 increased $215.8 million, or 110.7%, compared to fiscal 2018. This increase was primarily driven by costs associated with the growth in the number of Connected Fitness Products delivered during the period.

Our Connected Fitness Products gross margin decreased slightly due to the increasing mix of deliveries of Tread, partially offset by cost efficiencies achieved in the manufacturing of our Bike.

Subscription cost of revenue for fiscal 2019 increased $58.2 million, or 127.7%, compared to fiscal 2018. This increase was primarily driven by an increase of $23.1 million in music royalty and streaming delivery fees driven by increased usage of our platform, an increase of $14.0 million in personnel-related expenses due to our introduction of the Tread and other new fitness and wellness verticals such as yoga and meditation, and expansion into the United Kingdom, an increase of $8.5 million in depreciation and amortization expense driven by our acquired developed technology, and an increase of $4.6 million in occupancy costs associated with lease commencement for our two new production studios in New York City and London.

Subscription gross margin decreased by 53 basis points from fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2019 as we invested in new initiatives discussed above, partially offset by leveraging the fixed costs of content production as we scaled our Connected Fitness Subscriber base. Included in subscription cost of revenue are content costs for past use of $14.5 million and $16.4 million for fiscal 2018 and 2019, respectively. These costs had a negative basis point impact on subscription gross margin of 1,805 and 908 for fiscal 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Other cost of revenue for fiscal 2019 increased $12.1 million, or 247.7%, compared to fiscal 2018. This increase was primarily attributable to the growth of our branded apparel sales during the period as well as an increase in our apparel inventory reserves.

Other gross margin decreased during fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 due to an increase in our apparel inventory reserves.

2017 Compared to 2018

Connected Fitness Products cost of revenue for fiscal 2018 increased $81.5 million, or 71.7%, compared to fiscal 2017. This increase was primarily driven by the growth in the number of Connected Fitness Products delivered during the period. We gained significant efficiencies in manufacturing costs resulting in a 592 basis point improvement in Connected Fitness Product gross margin from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2018.

Subscription cost of revenue for fiscal 2018 increased $16.2 million, or 55.4%, compared to fiscal 2017. This increase was primarily driven by a $10.9 million increase in music royalty and streaming delivery fees, a $2.7 million increase in personnel-related expenses as we continued to grow our content offering for the Tread, and a $1.6 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense. We also incurred an additional $1.3 million in production studio occupancy costs primarily attributable to the opening of a second production studio in June 2017 to support Tread content creation.

Subscription gross margin significantly improved by 3,356 basis points from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2018. This was primarily driven by the impact of content costs for past use of $15.5 million and $14.5 million for fiscal 2017 and 2018, respectively, which more adversely impacted gross margin for fiscal 2017 given the lower Connected Fitness Subscriber base. These content costs for past use had a negative basis point impact on subscription gross margin of 4,788 and 1,805 for fiscal 2017 and 2018, respectively. We drove further margin improvements by leveraging fixed costs of content production while scaling our Connected Fitness Subscriber base in fiscal 2018.

Other cost of revenue for fiscal 2018 increased $3.0 million, or 163.3%, compared to fiscal 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to the growth of our branded apparel sales.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,									2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	2017			2018			2019			2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	(dollars in millions)
Research and development	$	13.0		$	23.4		$	54.8			79.1	%		134.7%
As a percentage of total revenue		6.0	%		5.4	%		6.0	%

2018 Compared to 2019

Research and development expense for fiscal 2019 increased $31.5 million, or 134.7%, compared to fiscal 2018. This increase was due primarily to an increase in personnel-related expenses, which, excluding stock-based compensation expense, increased $16.8 million, due to increased headcount. Stock-based compensation expense increased $6.3 million, of which $3.8 million was related to incremental costs associated with the tender offer completed in October 2018.

2017 Compared to 2018

Research and development expenses for fiscal 2018 increased $10.3 million, or 79.1%, compared to fiscal 2017. This increase was due primarily to increases of $3.9 million in product development and research costs, $3.3 million in personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expense, resulting from increased headcount, and $1.1 million in web hosting fees to create new, as well as improve existing products and interactive software features on our platform.

Sales and Marketing


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,									2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	2017			2018			2019			2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	(dollars in millions)
Sales and marketing	$	86.0		$	151.4		$	324.0			76.0	%		114.1%
As a percentage of total revenue		39.3	%		34.8	%		35.4	%

2018 Compared to 2019

Sales and marketing expense for fiscal 2019 increased $172.6 million, or 114.1%, compared to fiscal 2018. The increase was due primarily to increased spending of $117.4 million on advertising and marketing programs. In addition, personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expense, increased by $22.2 million due to increased headcount, expenses related to our showrooms and microstores increased by $15.3 million due to our addition of 39 global retail locations, and stock-based compensation expense increased $7.7 million, of which $6.2 million was related to incremental costs associated with the tender offer completed in October 2018.

2017 Compared to 2018

Sales and marketing expense for fiscal 2018 increased $65.4 million, or 76.0%, compared to fiscal 2017. This increase was primarily driven by $44.3 million in increased marketing costs, $8.2 million of increased personnel-related expenses, $5.4 million of increased payment processing fees, and $5.2 million of additional costs related to 12 additional retail locations we added in the period.

General and Administrative


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,									2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	2017			2018			2019			2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	(dollars in millions)
General and administrative	$	45.6		$	62.4		$	207.0			36.8	%		231.5%
As a percentage of total revenue		20.9	%		14.4	%		22.6	%

2018 Compared to 2019

General and administrative expense for fiscal 2019 increased $144.6 million, or 231.5%, compared to fiscal 2018. The increase was due primarily to an increase of $64.1 million in stock-based compensation expense, of which $50.6 million related to the tender offer completed in October 2018. Professional fees, comprised of legal, accounting, and consulting fees, increased by $24.4 million. In addition, personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expense, increased by $22.7 million due to increased headcount. We also incurred an additional $8.4 million expense relating to new system implementations and software licenses to support our growth and scale our operations, and facilities costs increased $12.9 million, of which $7.2 million was lease expense related to build-to-suit obligations.

2017 Compared to 2018

General and administrative expense for fiscal 2018 increased $16.8 million, or 36.8%, compared to fiscal 2017. The increase was primarily due to an additional $6.5 million in professional services fees, $6.4 million in personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expense, due to increased headcount, $2.5 million in new system implementations and licenses to support our growth and scale our operations, and $2.3 million of facilities costs from additional leased office space. These costs were partially offset by a decrease of $3.0 million in stock-based compensation expense due to an incremental $8.3 million charge incurred in fiscal 2017 related to the tender offer completed in June 2017.

Other Income (Expense), Net and Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,								2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	2017			2018			2019		2017 to 2018 % Change			2018 to 2019 % Change
	(dollars in millions)
Other (expense) income, net	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.3	)	$	6.7		22.8	%		NM
Provision for income taxes		—			0.1			0.1		NM			NM

*NM—not meaningful

Other (expense) income, net, was $6.7 million for fiscal 2019 compared to $(0.3) million for fiscal 2018. The increase in other (expense) income, net, was primarily due to $8.2 million of interest earned on cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, partially offset by a $1.0 million increase in interest expense incurred under our Credit Agreement.

2017 Compared to 2018

Other (expense) income, net, for fiscal 2018 was $(0.3) million compared to $(0.3) million for fiscal 2017. An increase of $0.5 million in interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments was partially offset by a $0.4 million increase in interest expense incurred under our Credit Agreement and the associated amortization of deferred financing costs.

Quarterly Results of Operations and Key Metrics

Quarterly Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data for each of the eight quarters in the period ended June 30, 2019. The information for each of these quarters has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited annual consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and, in our opinion, include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the financial information contained in those statements. The following unaudited consolidated quarterly financial data should be read in conjunction with our annual consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. These quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for a full year or any future period.


	Three Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017			Dec. 31, 2017			Mar. 31, 2018			Jun. 30, 2018			Sep. 30, 2018			Dec. 31, 2018			Mar. 31, 2019			Jun. 30, 2019
	(unaudited) (in millions)
Revenue:
Connected Fitness Products	$	41.1		$	111.7		$	118.1		$	77.6		$	77.9		$	221.3		$	261.6		$	158.4
Subscription		14.3			16.5			22.5			27.0			31.7			37.3			51.1			61.0
Other		0.8			1.6			1.8			2.0			2.5			4.2			4.0			4.0

Total revenue		56.2			129.8			142.4			106.6			112.1			262.9			316.7			223.3

Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products		24.3			61.6			66.3			42.8			42.2			126.5			152.3			89.7
Subscription		9.5			8.2			14.6			13.2			16.3			20.3			38.0			29.1
Other		0.7			1.2			1.2			1.8			2.1			4.6			5.8			4.4

Total cost of revenue		34.5			70.9			82.1			57.9			60.6			151.5			196.1			123.2

Gross profit		21.7			58.8			60.3			48.7			51.5			111.3			120.6			100.1
Operating expenses:
Research and development		4.8			4.9			6.9			6.7			11.6			12.4			13.8			17.0
Sales and marketing		21.6			44.9			52.3			32.5			45.5			99.5			101.1			77.9
General and administrative		12.2			13.2			16.5			20.6			50.0			55.4			47.0			54.6

Total operating expenses		38.6			63.0			75.7			59.8			107.1			167.3			162.0			149.5

Loss from operations		(17.0	)		(4.1	)		(15.4	)		(11.1	)		(55.6	)		(56.0	)		(41.4	)		(49.4	)
Other (expense) income , net		—			(0.3	)		(0.2	)		0.1			1.0			0.9			3.0			1.8

Loss before provision for income taxes		(17.0	)		(4.4	)		(15.6	)		(11.0	)		(54.5	)		(55.1	)		(38.4	)		(47.6	)
Provision for income taxes		—			—			—			0.1			—			—			0.2			(0.1	)

Net loss	$	(17.0	)	$	(4.4	)	$	(15.6	)	$	(10.9	)	$	(54.5	)	$	(55.1	)	$	(38.6	)	$	(47.4	)


	Three Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017			Dec. 31, 2017			Mar. 31, 2018			Jun. 30, 2018			Sep. 30, 2018			Dec. 31, 2018			Mar. 31, 2019			Jun. 30, 2019
	(unaudited)
	(as a percentage of total revenue)
Revenue:
Connected Fitness Products		73.2	%		86.1	%		82.9	%		72.9	%		69.5	%		84.2	%		82.6	%		70.9	%
Subscription		25.5			12.7			15.8			25.3			28.3			14.2			16.1			27.3
Other		1.4			1.2			1.3			1.8			2.2			1.6			1.3			1.8

Total revenue		100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0

Cost of revenue:
Connected Fitness Products		43.2	%		47.5	%		46.5	%		40.2	%		37.7	%		48.1	%		48.1	%		40.2	%
Subscription		16.9			6.3			10.3			12.4			14.5			7.7			12.0			13.0
Other		1.2			0.9			0.8			1.7			1.9			1.8			1.8			2.0

Total cost of revenue		61.4			54.7			57.6			54.3			54.1			57.6			61.9			55.2

Gross profit		38.6			45.3			42.4			45.7			45.9			42.4			38.1			44.8

Operating expenses:
Research and development		8.6			3.8			4.9			6.3			10.3			4.7			4.4			7.6
Sales and marketing		38.4			34.6			36.7			30.5			40.5			37.9			31.9			34.9
General and administrative		21.7			10.2			11.6			19.3			44.6			21.1			14.9			24.4

Total operating expenses		68.8			48.5			53.2			56.1			95.5			63.6			51.1			66.9

Loss from operations		(30.2	)		(3.2	)		(10.8	)		(10.4	)		(49.5	)		(21.3	)		(13.1	)		(22.1	)
Other (expense) income, net		(0.1	)		(0.2	)		(0.1	)		0.2			0.9			0.3			0.9			0.8

Loss before provision for income taxes		(30.2	)		(3.4	)		(10.9	)		(10.2	)		(48.6	)		(21.0	)		(12.1	)		(21.3	)
Provision for income taxes		—			—			—			—			—			—			0.1			(0.1	)

Net loss		(30.2	)%		(3.4	)%		(10.9	)%		(10.3	)%		(48.6	)%		(21.0	)%		(12.2	)%		(21.2	)%

Quarterly Trends

Revenue

Our revenue from our Connected Fitness Products typically varies seasonally and we have historically experienced higher levels of Connected Fitness Products revenue in the second and third quarters of each fiscal year as compared to other quarters due in large part to seasonal holiday demand, New Year’s resolutions, and cold weather.

Subscription revenue increased in each of the quarters presented primarily due to Connected Fitness Subscriber growth and low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn.

Cost of Revenue

Connected Fitness Products cost of revenue has fluctuated in line with Connected Fitness Products revenue for all periods presented due primarily to costs associated with sales of Connected Fitness Products.

Our subscription cost of revenue generally increased each quarter as a result of increases in music royalties, streaming, and platform costs, as well as payment processing fees. We saw fluctuations in the third quarters of fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019 due to content costs for past use.

Operating Expenses

Research and development expense increased for all periods presented, primarily due to personnel-related expenses as we have continued to increase our headcount to support product and platform innovation.

Sales and marketing expense increased in the second and third quarter of each fiscal year due to an increase in expenses associated with advertising costs and other marketing programs for the holiday season. In addition, sales and marketing expenses increased as a result of higher personnel-related expenses and occupancy costs as we increased headcount and number of showrooms to support our growth.

General and administrative expense generally increased for all periods presented, primarily due to increases in personnel-related expenses, facilities costs, and professional service fees as we grow our business and scale operations. We saw a significant increase in general and administrative expenses in the first and second quarters of fiscal 2019 related to stock-based compensation expense associated with the tender offer completed in October 2018.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017			Dec. 31, 2017			Mar. 31, 2018			Jun. 30, 2018			Sep. 30, 2018			Dec. 31, 2018			Mar. 31, 2019			Jun. 30, 2019
	(unaudited)
	(dollars in millions)
Net loss	$	(17.0	)	$	(4.4	)	$	(15.6	)	$	(10.9	)	$	(54.5	)	$	(55.1	)	$	(38.6	)	$	(47.4	)
Adjusted to exclude the following:
Other (expense) income, net		—			(0.3	)		(0.2	)		0.1			1.0			0.9			3.0			1.8
Provision for income taxes		—			—			—			0.1			—			—			0.2			(0.1	)
Depreciation and amortization expense		1.1			1.4			1.5			2.6			4.2			5.0			5.8			6.7
Stock-based compensation expense		2.0			1.8			1.7			3.0			36.7			31.8			7.5			13.5
Transaction costs		—			—			—			0.5			—			—			—			0.4
Litigation expenses		0.2			0.1			0.6			0.7			1.2			2.8			5.8			2.3
Ground lease expense related to build-to-suit obligations		—			—			—			—			—			1.7			2.6			2.9

Adjusted EBITDA	$	(13.6	)	$	0.8		$	(11.6	)	$	(4.2	)	$	(13.5	)	$	(14.6	)	$	(19.7	)	$	(23.6	)

Adjusted EBITDA margin		(24.2	)%		0.6	%		(8.2	)%		(4.0	)%		(12.0	)%		(5.6	)%		(6.2	)%		(10.6	)%

Starting in the quarter ended March 31, 2018, we began to incur significant costs related to certain growth initiatives including the introduction of our Tread, international expansion, and content investments which had an adverse impact on our Adjusted EBITDA. To support our growth, we have also begun to make investments in supply chain, product development, and a new headquarters in New York City which we expect will continue to impact our Adjusted EBITDA Margin. Adjusted EBITDA was also more adversely impacted in certain quarters presented due to the variable nature of our content costs for past use. See the section titled “—Content Costs for Past Use” for additional information.

Subscription Contribution and Subscription Contribution Margin

Set forth below is a reconciliation of subscription gross profit to Subscription Contribution for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017			Dec. 31, 2017			Mar. 31, 2018			Jun. 30, 2018			Sep. 30, 2018			Dec. 31, 2018			Mar. 31, 2019			Jun. 30, 2019
	(unaudited)
	(dollars in millions)
Subscription revenue	$	14.3		$	16.5		$	22.5		$	27.0		$	31.7		$	37.3		$	51.1		$	61.0
Less: Cost of subscription		9.5			8.2			14.6			13.2			16.3			20.3			38.0			29.1

Subscription gross profit	$	4.8		$	8.3		$	7.9		$	13.8		$	15.4		$	17.0		$	13.1		$	31.9

Subscription gross margin		33.4	%		50.4	%		35.0	%		51.0	%		48.7	%		45.5	%		25.6	%		52.3	%

Add back:
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	0.4		$	0.4		$	0.5		$	1.5		$	1.8		$	2.6		$	3.0		$	3.8
Stock based compensation expense		0.1			0.1			0.1			0.2			1.2			0.6			0.6			0.8

Subscription Contribution	$	5.3		$	8.8		$	8.5		$	15.4		$	18.5		$	20.1		$	16.7		$	36.6

Subscription Contribution Margin		36.9	%		53.6	%		37.9	%		57.1	%		58.3	%		54.0	%		32.7	%		60.0	%

Our Subscription Contribution Margin has fluctuated over time due, in part, to the variable nature of our content costs for past use. See the section titled “—Content Costs for Past Use.” Excluding content costs for past use, Subscription Contribution increased in each of the quarters presented primarily due to the growth of our Connected Fitness Subscriber base and our continued low Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn. Excluding content costs for past use, Subscription Contribution Margin increased quarterly through September 30, 2018 as we continued to leverage our fixed content costs across our growing Connected Fitness Subscriber base. In the subsequent quarters we began to make significant investments in Tread content, including the leasing of a Tread studio, as well as expansion into new content verticals such as yoga and meditation. Starting in the quarter ended December 31, 2018, our Subscription Contribution costs also include rent expense for our new production studio in New York City, which caused our Subscription Contribution Margin to decline. Starting in the quarter ended March 31, 2019, our Subscription Contribution costs also include rent expense for our new London studio. In the quarter ended June 30, 2019, Subscription Contribution Margin increased and we expect to continue to leverage the largely fixed costs of our studio production as we scale our Connected Fitness Subscriber base.

Content Costs for Past Use

Included within Adjusted EBITDA and Subscription Contribution are content costs for past use as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017		Dec. 31, 2017		Mar. 31, 2018		Jun. 30, 2018		Sep. 30, 2018		Dec. 31, 2018		Mar. 31, 2019		Jun. 30, 2019
	(unaudited)
	(in millions)
Content costs for past use	$	3.5	$	1.9	$	6.5	$	2.6	$	2.9	$	2.3	$	11.3	$	—

From time-to-time, we execute music royalty agreements with various music rights holders. As part of these go-forward license agreements, we may also enter into agreements whereby we are released from all potential licensor claims regarding our alleged past use of copyrighted material in our content in exchange for a mutually-agreed payment. We refer to these payments as content costs for past use. These costs can vary considerably from quarter to quarter since they represent our estimates of potential future release payments based upon license agreements previously entered into and the market share and size of the music rights holder. These estimates are subject to a variety of complex and evolving legal issues across many jurisdictions and are not predictable, which can result in fluctuation over time.

To date, we have entered into numerous agreements with major record labels and major publishers, independent labels and publishers, and major performing rights organizations to resolve instances of alleged past use while entering into go-forward license agreements with each of these parties. We have also improved upon a music content management and reporting system that allows our instructors to create class playlists from a selection of songs licensed to us. Based on these efforts, we believe that payments for content costs for past use will decrease over time and eventually be eliminated.

Other Quarterly Key Operational and Business Metrics


	Three Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017			Dec. 31, 2017			Mar. 31, 2018			Jun. 30, 2018			Sep. 30, 2018			Dec. 31, 2018			Mar. 31, 2019			Jun. 30, 2019
Connected Fitness Subscribers		123,416			168,788			217,889			245,667			276,957			362,388			457,109			511,202
Average Net Monthly Connected Fitness Churn		0.52	%		0.49	%		0.55	%		0.85	%		0.50	%		0.52	%		0.68	%		0.79	%
Total Workouts (in thousands)		2,501			3,231			5,902			6,223			7,069			9,336			17,988			17,759
Average Monthly Workouts per Connected Fitness Subscriber		7.1			7.4			9.6			8.7			8.9			9.7			13.9			12.0

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our operations have been financed primarily through cash flow from operating activities, net proceeds from the sale of redeemable convertible preferred stock and borrowings under our Credit Agreement. As of June 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $162.1 million and marketable securities of $216.0 million.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalent balances, cash flow from operations, marketable securities portfolio, and amounts available for borrowing under our Credit Agreement will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned and will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending on research and development efforts and other growth initiatives, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of new Connected Fitness Product introductions, market acceptance of our Connected Fitness Products, and overall economic conditions. To the extent that current and anticipated future sources of liquidity are insufficient to fund our future business activities and requirements, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. The sale of additional equity would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of debt financing would result in debt service obligations and the instruments governing such debt could provide for operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. There can be no assurances that we will be able to raise additional capital. The inability to raise capital would adversely affect our ability to achieve our business objectives.

Amended and Restated Credit Agreement

In June 2019, we entered into the Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, lead arranger and bookrunner and Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC, and Silicon Valley Bank, as joint syndication agents, which amended and restated the loan and security agreement we previously entered into in November 2017. The Credit Agreement provides for a $250.0 million secured revolving credit facility, including up to the lesser of $150.0 million and the aggregate unused amount of the facility for the issuance of letters of credit. Interest on the Credit Agreement is paid based on LIBOR plus 2.75% or an Alternative Base Rate plus 1.75%. We are required to pay an annual commitment fee of 0.375% on a quarterly basis based on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility. The principal amount, if any, is payable in full in June 2024. As of June 30, 2019, we had not drawn on the credit facility and did not have outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement.

We have the option to repay our borrowings under the Credit Agreement without premium or penalty prior to maturity. The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative covenants, such as financial statement reporting requirements and delivery of borrowing base certificates, as well as customary covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, sell certain assets, guarantee obligations of third parties, declare dividends or make certain distributions, and undergo a merger or consolidation or certain other transactions. The Credit Agreement also contains certain financial condition covenants, including maintaining a total level of liquidity of not less than $125.0 million and

maintaining certain minimum total revenue ranging from $725 million to $1,985 million depending on the applicable date of determination. As of June 30, 2019, we were in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement. As of June 30, 2019, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $40.1 million issued primarily to cover security deposits for our operating lease and inventory purchase obligations.

Cash Flows


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2019
	(in millions)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(18.6	)	$	49.7		$	(108.6	)
Net cash flows used in investing activities		(10.2	)		(56.7	)		(297.5	)
Net cash flow from financing activities		143.6			3.1			417.2

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities of $(108.6) million for fiscal 2019 was primarily due to a net loss of $195.6 million and a decrease in net change in operating assets and liabilities of $22.9 million, partially offset by non-cash adjustments of $109.8 million. The decrease in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an $111.3 million increase in inventory levels as a result of our introduction of the Peloton Tread, as well as our expansion into the United Kingdom and Canada, and a $30.3 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets driven by general growth; partially offset by an $117.3 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to increased expenditures to support general business growth. Non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense of $89.5 million of which $61.7 million related to a tender offer completed in October 2018.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $49.7 million for fiscal 2018 was primarily due to an increase in net change in operating assets and liabilities of $81.5 million and non-cash adjustments of $16.1 million, partially offset by a net loss of $47.9 million. The increase in net change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $63.0 million increase in deferred revenue associated with our prior Subscription offering launched in October 2017 whereby customers could purchase a subscription upfront for a 39-month term as well as overall growth in our sales of Connected Fitness Products, and a $41.0 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to growth of expenditures to support general business growth; partially offset by a $9.6 million increase in inventory levels and a $12.1 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets driven by general growth. Non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense and depreciation and amortization expense.

Net cash used in operating activities of $18.6 million for fiscal 2017 was primarily due to a net loss of $71.1 million, partially offset by an increase in net change in operating assets and liabilities of $38.2 million and non-cash adjustments of $14.3 million. The increase in net change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $22.1 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to growth of expenditures to support general business growth, and a $19.0 million increase in deferred revenue associated with overall growth in our sales of Connected Fitness Products. Non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2019 of $297.5 million was primarily related to the purchase of marketable securities of $249.8 million and capital expenditures of $83.0 million, partially offset by maturities of marketable securities of $36.0 million.

Cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2018 of $56.7 million was due to the cash portion of the acquisition of Neurotic Media of $28.7 million, net of cash acquired, and cash used of $28.0 million for capital expenditures. We acquired Neurotic Media primarily to automate and streamline content rights management and to enhance Member engagement through new music features. Of the total purchase consideration, $4.2 million has been recorded to goodwill, $24.8 million to acquired developed technology, and $0.1 million in tangible net assets.

Cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2017 of $10.2 million for capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $417.2 million for fiscal 2019 was primarily related to net proceeds from issuance of Series F redeemable convertible preferred stock of $408.8 million, net of issuance costs and repurchases of common stock and preferred stock, as well as $9.3 million in proceeds from exercises of stock options.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $3.1 million for fiscal 2018 was primarily related to proceeds from exercises of stock options of $7.4 million, partially offset by $4.3 million in debt repayment and issuance costs.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $143.6 million for fiscal 2017 was primarily related to net proceeds from issuance of Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock of $145.6 million, net of issuance costs and repurchases of common stock and preferred stock, as well as proceeds from borrowings under our credit facility of $10.5 million. These amounts were partially offset by the $13.0 million debt repayment of our term loan and revolver.

Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations as of June 30, 2019:


	Payments Due By Period
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years
	(in millions)
Operating lease obligations⁽¹⁾	$	784.9	$	33.0	$	99.1	$	107.4	$	545.4
Minimum guarantees⁽²⁾		42.0		13.3		28.7		—		—
Unused credit fee payments⁽³⁾		3.9		0.8		1.6		1.6		—

Total	$	830.8	$	47.0	$	129.4	$	109.0	$	545.4

(1)	Operating lease obligations relate to our office space, warehouses, production studios, and retail showrooms and microstores. The lease terms are between one and twenty-one years, and the majority of the lease agreements are renewable at the end of the lease period.

(2)

We are subject to minimum royalty payments associated with our license agreements for the use of licensed content. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We are party to many music license agreements that are complex and impose numerous obligations upon us that may make it difficult to operate our business, and a breach of such agreements could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.”

(3)	We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.375% based on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility. As of June 30, 2019, we were contingently liable for approximately $40.1 million in standby letters of credit as security for our operating lease obligations.

The commitment amounts in the table above are associated with contracts that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum services to be used, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the actions under the contracts.

Purchase orders or contracts for the purchase of certain goods and services are not included in the table. We cannot determine the aggregate amount of such purchase orders that represent contractual obligations because purchase orders may represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. Our purchase orders are based on our current needs and are fulfilled by our suppliers and manufacturers within short periods of time. We subcontract with other companies to manufacture our products. During the normal course of business, we and our manufacturers procure components based upon a forecasted production plan. If we cancel all or part of the orders, we may be liable to our suppliers and manufacturers for the cost of the unutilized component orders or components purchased by our manufacturers.

In December 2017, we entered into a 21-year operating lease agreement for our new fitness programming hub in New York City. This lease commenced in October 2018, upon the date we took possession of the leased space and committed to make $99.5 million in minimum fixed payments over the term of the lease agreement, although cash payments for rental obligations under the lease do not begin until October 2019. This lease contains a renewal option for two additional five-year periods and includes a tenant improvement allowance of $3.0 million.

In November 2018, we entered into a 16-year operating lease agreement for space to be used as our new corporate headquarters in New York City. This lease is expected to commence in August 2019 when we take possession of the leased space and commit to pay $503.0 million in minimum fixed payments over the term of the lease. This lease contains a renewal option for an additional 10-year period and includes a tenant improvement allowance of $28.0 million.

Between July 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020, the end of our 2020 fiscal year, we anticipate making capital expenditures of approximately $250.0 million to $300.0 million, which will be largely attributable to the build out of our new headquarters in New York City, our investment in developing our New York and London production studios, and an increase in the number of showrooms that we operate.

In June 2019, we entered into an agreement to acquire a third party for approximately $50.0 million. The agreement is subject to standard closing conditions and third-party approvals. We expect to close the transaction in September 2019.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2019.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We are primarily exposed to changes in short-term interest rates with respect to our cost of borrowing under our Credit Agreement. We monitor our cost of borrowing under our facility, taking into account our funding requirements, and our expectations for short-term rates in the future. A hypothetical 10% change in the interest rate on our Credit Agreement for all periods presented would not have a material impact on our financial statements.

Foreign Currency Risk

To date, all of our inventory purchases have been denominated in U.S. dollars. Our international sales are primarily denominated in foreign currencies and any unfavorable movement in the exchange rate between U.S. dollars and the currencies in which we conduct sales in foreign countries could have an adverse impact on our revenue. A portion of our operating expenses are incurred outside the United States and are denominated in foreign currencies, which are also subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. In addition, our suppliers incur many costs, including labor and supply costs, in other currencies. While we are not currently contractually obligated to pay increased costs due to changes in exchange rates, to the extent that exchange rates move unfavorably for our suppliers, they may seek to pass these additional costs on to us, which could have a material impact on our gross margins. Our operating results and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. However, we believe that the exposure to foreign currency fluctuation from operating expenses is relatively small at this time as the related costs do not constitute a significant portion of our total expenses. To date, we have not entered into derivatives or hedging transactions, as our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates has historically been partially hedged as our foreign currency denominated inflows have covered our foreign currency denominated expenses. However, we may enter into derivative or hedging transactions in the future if our exposure to foreign currency should become more significant.

Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, we make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity/deficit, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures. We re-evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the uncertainty inherent in these matters, actual results may differ from these estimates and could differ based upon other assumptions or conditions. The critical accounting policies that reflect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements include those noted below.

Revenue Recognition

Our primary source of revenues are from sales of our Connected Fitness Products including our Bike and Tread, related accessories, and monthly Connected Fitness Subscriptions.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps in accordance with Topic 606 which we adopted as of July 1, 2018 on a full retrospective basis:

•

identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

•

identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•

determination of the transaction price;

•

allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•

recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Our revenue is reported net of sales returns and discounts, which to date have not been material to our financial statements. We estimate our liability for product returns based on historical return trends by product category and seasonality and an evaluation of current economic and market conditions, and record the expected customer refund liability as a reduction to revenue, and the expected inventory right of recovery as a reduction of cost of revenue. If actual return costs differ from previous estimates, the amount of the liability and corresponding revenue are adjusted in the period in which such costs occur.

Some of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For customer contracts that include multiple performance obligations, we account for individual performance obligations if they are distinct. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. We generally determine standalone selling price based on the prices charged to customers.

Deferred revenue is recorded for nonrefundable cash payments received for our performance obligation to transfer or stand ready to transfer, goods or services in the future. Deferred revenue consists of Subscription fees billed that have not been recognized. Customer deposits represent payments received in advance in instances where the revenue contract is cancelable in nature, and therefore, we do not have an unconditional obligation to transfer control to a customer.

Product Warranty

We offer a standard product warranty that our products will operate under normal, non-commercial use for a period of one-year from the date of original delivery. We have the obligation, at our option, to either repair or replace a defective product. At the time revenue is recognized, an estimate of future warranty costs is recorded as a component of cost of revenue. The estimate of future warranty costs is based on historical as well as current product failure rates, service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failures, and warranty policies. We regularly review these estimates to assess the appropriateness of our recorded warranty liabilities and adjust the amounts as necessary. Should actual product failures, use of materials or other costs differ from our estimates, additional warranty liabilities could be incurred, which could materially affect our results of operations. The estimates and assumptions used to reserve for product warranty have been accurate in all material respects and have not materially changed historically.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the fair value of any non-controlling interest recognized, if any, over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination.

Intangible assets other than goodwill are comprised of acquired developed technology. At initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at their fair value as of the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset, which was determined based on management’s estimate of the period over which the asset will contribute to our future cash flows. We review goodwill for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. In conducting our annual goodwill impairment test, we first review qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount. If factors indicate that the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount, we perform a quantitative impairment assessment of the asset, analyzing the expected present value of future cash flows to quantify the amount of impairment, if any. We perform our annual impairment tests in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. We assess the impairment of intangible assets whenever events or changing circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Music Royalty Fees

We recognize music royalty fees on all music we stream to Members as these fees are incurred in accordance with the terms of the relevant license agreement with the music rights holder. The incurrence of the royalties is primarily driven by content usage by our Members on a fee-per-play basis through the use of our Subscriptions and classified within subscription cost of revenue within the our statement of operations. Our license agreements with music rights holders generally include provisions for advance royalties as well as minimum guarantees. When a minimum guarantee is paid in advance, the guarantee is recorded as a prepaid expense and amortized to subscription cost of revenue.

As we execute music license agreements with various music rights holders for go-forward usage, we may also simultaneously enter into a settlement agreement whereby we are released from all potential licensor claims regarding our alleged past use of copyrighted material in exchange for a negotiated payment. These are referred to as “content costs for past use” and are recorded within subscription cost of revenue. We have entered into agreements with music rights holders who represent all the music catalogs that we need to operate our service, however, given the uncertain and opaque nature of music rights ownership, our archived library may continue to include music for which certain rights or fractional interests have not been accurately determined or fully licensed. Prior to the execution of a music license agreement, we estimate and record a charge based upon license agreements previously entered into and the market share and size of the music rights holder.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based awards are measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense, net of actual forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. For performance-based stock options issued, the value of the instrument is measured at the grant date as the fair value of the award and expensed over the vesting term when the performance targets are considered probable of being achieved.

We calculate the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of the grant date fair value of stock option awards issued is affected by a number of variables, including the fair value of our underlying common stock, our expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option award, the expected term of the award, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of our common stock.

Generally, our stock option awards permit early exercise. The unvested portion of shares exercised is recorded as a liability on our balance sheet and reclassified to equity as vesting occurs.

The estimated grant-date fair value of our equity-based awards issued to service providers was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, based on the following assumptions:


	Fiscal Year Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2019
Dividend yield		—		—		—
Weighted-average expected term (in years)		6.3		6.3		6.3
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate		1.4%		2.4%		2.5%
Weighted-average expected volatility		79.3%		55.2%		45.0%

Dividend Yield. The expected dividend yield is zero as we have never declared or paid cash dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. We do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time stock-based awards have been exercisable. As a result, for stock options, we used the simplified method to calculate the expected term estimate based on the vesting and contractual terms of the option. Under the simplified method, the expected term is equal to the average of the stock-based award’s weighted-average vesting period and its contractual term. For awards granted which contain performance conditions, we estimate the expected term based on the estimated dates that the performance conditions will be satisfied.

Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.

Expected Volatility. Since we do not have a trading history of our common stock, the expected volatility was derived from the average historical stock volatilities of several unrelated public companies within our industry that we consider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the awards, We intend to continue to consistently apply this process using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of our Class A common stock becomes available.

We also grant stock-based awards to non-employees. We believe that for stock options issued to non-employees, the fair value of the stock option is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the services rendered. Therefore, we estimate the fair value of non-employee stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model with appropriate assumptions.

Common Stock Valuations

In the absence of a public trading market, the fair value of our common stock was determined by our board of directors, with input from management, taking into account our most recent valuations from an independent third-party valuation specialist. Our board of directors intended all stock options granted to have an exercise price per share not less than the per share fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. The valuations of our common stock were determined in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. The assumptions we use in the valuation models were based on future expectations combined with management judgment, and considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of our common stock as of the date of each option grant, including the following factors:

•

relevant precedent transactions involving our capital stock;

•

contemporaneous valuations performed at periodic intervals by unrelated third-party specialists;

•

the liquidation preferences, rights, preferences, and privileges of our redeemable convertible preferred stock relative to the common stock;

•

our actual operating and financial performance;

•

current business conditions and projections;

•

our stage of development;

•

the likelihood and timing of achieving a liquidity event for the shares of common stock underlying the stock options, such as an initial public offering, given prevailing market conditions;

•

any adjustment necessary to recognize a lack of marketability of the common stock underlying the granted options;

•

recent secondary stock sales and tender offers;

•

the market performance of comparable publicly-traded companies; and

•

the U.S. and global capital market conditions.

In valuing our common stock at various dates in fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019, our board of directors determined the equity value of our business using various valuation methods including combinations of income and market approaches with input from management. The income approach estimates the fair value based on the expectation of future cash flows that a company will generate. These future cash flows are discounted to their present values using an appropriate discount rate to reflect the risks inherent in us achieving these estimated cash flows. The market approach estimates value considering an analysis of guideline public companies. The guideline public companies method estimates value by applying a representative revenue multiple from a peer group of companies in similar lines of business to our forecasted revenue. Our peer group of companies was selected based on operational and economic similarities to us and factors considered included but were not limited to industry, business model, growth rates, customer base, capitalization, size, profitability and stage of development. From time to time, we updated the set of comparable companies as new or more relevant information became available. This approach involves the identification of relevant transactions, and determining relevant multiples to apply to our revenue.

The equity values implied by the income and market approaches reasonably approximated each other as of each valuation date.

Once we determined an equity value, we used a combination of approaches to allocate the equity value to each class of our stock. We used the option pricing method, or OPM. The OPM allocates values to each equity class by creating a series of call options on our equity value, with exercise prices based on the liquidation preferences, participation rights, and exercise prices of the equity instruments.

We also considered an appropriate discount adjustment to recognize the lack of marketability and liquidity due to the fact that stockholders of private companies do not have access to trading markets similar to those enjoyed by stockholders of public companies. The discount for marketability was determined using a protective put option model, in which a put option is used as a proxy for measuring discounts for lack of marketability of securities.

Following August 2018, the resulting equity value was then allocated to the common stock using a probability weighted expected return method, or PWERM. Under PWERM, we estimated the value of our common stock based upon an analysis of our values assuming an initial public offering as a possible future event. Additionally, the OPM, using the preferred stockholders’ liquidation preferences, participation rights, dividend rights, and conversion rights to determine the value of each share class in specific potential future outcomes, was considered in the PWERM approach. We also applied a discount for lack of marketability to account for a lack of access to an active public market.

In addition, we also considered any private or secondary transactions involving our capital stock as well as tender offers completed in fiscal 2017 and 2019. In our evaluation of those transactions, we considered the facts and circumstances of each transaction to determine the extent to which they represented a fair value exchange. Factors considered include transaction volume, timing, whether the transactions occurred among willing and unrelated parties, and whether the transactions involved investors with access to our financial information.

Application of these approaches involves the use of estimates, judgment, and assumptions that are highly complex and subjective, such as those regarding our expected future revenue, expenses, and future cash flows, discount rates, market multiples, the selection of comparable companies, and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of our common stock.

For valuations after the completion of this offering, our board of directors will determine the fair value of each share of underlying Class A common stock based on the closing price of our common stock as reported on the date of grant. Future expense amounts for any particular period could be affected by changes in our assumptions or market conditions.

Based upon the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2019 was $ million, of which $ million related to vested stock options and $ million related to unvested stock options. In addition, we granted options to purchase 664,050 shares of our Class B common stock subsequent to June 30, 2019.

Income Taxes

We utilize the asset and liability method for computing our income tax provision. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities as well as operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryforwards, using enacted tax rates. Management makes estimates, assumptions, and judgments to determine our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. We assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we establish a valuation allowance.

We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, which to date have not been material, are recognized within provision for income taxes.

Loss Contingencies

We are involved in legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory, tax, and government inquiries and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Certain of these matters include claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of

damages. We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If we determine that a loss is reasonably possible and the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated, we disclose the possible loss in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. If we determine that a loss is reasonably possible but the loss or range of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, we state that such an estimate cannot be made.

We review the developments in our contingencies that could affect the amount of the provisions that have been previously recorded, and the matters and related reasonably possible losses disclosed. We make adjustments to our provisions and changes to our disclosures accordingly to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and updated information. Significant judgment is required to determine both the probability and the estimated amount of loss. These estimates have been based on our assessment of the facts and circumstances at each balance sheet date and are subject to change based on new information and future events.

The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. Therefore, if one or more of these matters were resolved against us for amounts in excess of management’s expectations, our results of operations and financial condition, including in a particular reporting period in which any such outcome becomes probable and estimable, could be materially adversely affected.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of the dates of the statement of financial position included in this prospectus.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In the course of preparing the financial statements that are included in this prospectus, our management has determined that we have material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. These material weaknesses primarily pertained to IT general controls, controls to address segregation of certain accounting duties, timely reconciliation and analysis of certain key accounts and the review of journal entries. We have concluded that these material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting occurred because, prior to this offering, we were a private company and did not have the necessary business processes, systems, personnel and related internal controls necessary to satisfy the accounting and financial reporting requirements of a public company.

In order to remediate these material weaknesses, we have taken and plan to take the following actions:

•

implementation of IT general controls to manage access and program changes within our IT environment;

•

the hiring and continued hiring of additional accounting and finance resources with public company experience;

•

implementation of additional review controls and processes and requiring timely account reconciliations and analyses; and

•

implementation of processes and controls to better identify and manage segregation of duties risks.

In accordance with the provisions of the JOBS Act, we and our independent registered public accounting firm were not required to, and did not, perform an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019 nor any period subsequent in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we have identified all, or that we will not in the future have additional, material weaknesses. Material weaknesses may still exist when we report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act after the completion of this offering.

LETTER FROM JOHN FOLEY, CO-FOUNDER AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

Dear Prospective Investors and Peloton Members,

At Peloton, we believe that better is in all of us.

It is no secret that exercise makes us feel good. It’s simple science: exercising creates endorphins and endorphins make us happy. On the most basic level, Peloton sells happiness. But of course, we do so much more. Our connected fitness experiences make it easy for our Members to get engaging, social, and highly effective workouts with world-class instructors anytime, anywhere. As a result, our Members work out 80% more than non-Peloton Members.⁽¹⁾ And while the health benefits of regular physical fitness are well documented, the Peloton experience transcends health benefits alone. The happiness our Members experience enables each individual to be a better version of themselves, so they go on to inspire others. And that leads us to Peloton’s mission: to better ourselves, inspire each other, and unite the world through fitness.

I founded Peloton in 2012 to solve a challenge in my own life. My wife, Jill, and I knew great fitness experiences made us feel like better versions of ourselves, but there were countless barriers to working out regularly. We loved going to boutique studio fitness classes like cycling, running, boot camp, and yoga. We were addicted to the fast-paced energy, the motivational instructors, the thoughtful programming, and the way exercising with a group pushed us harder. These classes left us feeling energized, refreshed, stronger, and ready to take on anything. However, with demanding jobs and two small children at home, just getting to the gym became harder and harder. Classes with our favorite instructors sold out quickly and were prohibitively expensive. We also had to accommodate someone else’s schedule at someone else’s location. And we were often left without time, without options, and without the feeling of “being our better selves” that we sought.

I figured that there must be a way to make these workouts more convenient, more affordable, and more accessible. There had to be a way to bring fantastic, high-energy, instructor-led group fitness into the home, to be experienced on my time, any time I wanted. And my hunch was that if I could make it possible, others would want it as well.

With that spark of an idea, I looked for brilliant, creative, empathetic, high-integrity partners who shared my ambition and weren’t afraid to tackle complicated business and technology challenges. I was lucky to have several friends who fit the bill in spades: Hisao Kushi, Tom Cortese, Graham Stanton, and Yony Feng. All of my co-founders are still thriving at Peloton, each in a senior role and each an even stronger friend.

To create Peloton, we needed to build what we believed to be the best indoor bike on the market, recruit the best instructors in the world, and engineer a state-of-the-art software platform to tie it all together. Against prevailing conventional wisdom, and despite countless investor conference rooms full of very smart skeptics, we were determined for Peloton to build a vertically integrated platform to deliver a seamless end-to-end experience as physically rewarding and addictive as attending a live, in-studio class. In Peloton’s infancy, our lean founding team operated from a one-room “headquarters” with heavy black curtains that cordoned off a makeshift cycling studio, equipped with a modest six bikes and a used camcorder. We problem-solved our way from streaming live cycling classes to one hundred Members, then to one thousand, and now to over a million Members worldwide. It took a proverbial village to build Peloton, and that once-small village has grown into the community that is now the heart of our brand.

From the very beginning, we have always put our Members first in everything we do, and they never cease to amaze us. Through connecting on the Peloton Bike, Tread, and Digital App, our Members have created one of the most supportive, optimistic, diverse, and inclusive communities in the world. Peloton Members are teachers, professional athletes, active military and veterans, healthcare providers, firefighters, policemen, famous actors and musicians, and even former Presidents. They are teenagers and senior citizens. From diverse life experiences, all gender identities and sexual orientations, countless nationalities and ethnicities. We are proud of our community of Members but even prouder of the way that they have united together in support of each other.

Every day, I receive personal emails from our Members. The most consistent message I receive: “Peloton has changed my life.” Astonishingly, four out of five Members were not in the market for fitness equipment before they bought the Bike. They were in the market for improving their lives, just as Jill and I were back in 2012 when we started this company and began this journey.

⁽¹⁾	Source: April 2019 Survey to Members and Non-Members, N=500

Seven years later, it is very clear to me that we have an immense opportunity in front of us at Peloton. Peloton is so much more than a Bike — we believe we have the opportunity to create one of the most innovative global technology platforms of our time. It is an opportunity to create one of the most important and influential interactive media companies in the world; a media company that changes lives, inspires greatness, and unites people. And it is an opportunity to create one of the best places to work in the cities where we operate — we prioritize culture as much as any other business objective.

And to be sure, we are not taking these opportunities lightly. William Lynch, our President; Jill Woodworth, our Chief Financial Officer; Kevin Cornils, our Managing Director of International; my co-founders; and our extended senior leadership team: all of us feel an immense responsibility to deliver on these opportunities, and we are ready. We have worked our entire careers for this very moment.

Speaking for the entire Peloton team, we are incredibly grateful for all of our Members from all different backgrounds who love Peloton and have welcomed us into their lives over the past several years. We are truly humbled by your passion for our shared mission.

Today, however, we look forward. At this important moment in our journey, I am honored to invite you to join Peloton.

With gratitude,

John Foley

Founder and CEO

LOGO

PELOTON IS A FAMILY OF PASSIONATE MEMBERS, TALENTED EMPLOYEES AND BEST-IN-CLASS FITNESS INSTRUCTORS.NO IDEA IS TOO BIG, NO GOAL IS OUT OF REACH AND NO CHALLENGE IS TOO AMBITIOUS. WE ARE FUELED BY THE STRENGTH WE PROVIDE ONE ANOTHER. TOGETHER, THERE IS NOTHING WE CANNOT ACCOMPLISH.

LOGO

OUR COMMUNITY UNITES US “ PELOTON HAS TRULY CHANGED MY LIFE. THE COMBINATION OF A WONDERFUL PRODUCT, AMAZING INSTRUCTORS AND A TON OF VARIETY REALLY KEEPS ME ENGAGED AND ACTUALLY EXCITED ABOUT EXERCISING. THECOMMUNITY THAT YOU ALL HAVE DEVELOPED CONTINUES TO AMAZE ME AS WELL. - KIRSTIN M. PELOTON MEMBER

LOGO

OUR EMPLOYEES DRIVE US “ FROM PRODUCT DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING, TO LAST-MILE DELIVERY TO OUR CONSUMERS,WE EMBRACE HOW AMBITIOUS OUR MODEL IS. BUT IT’S OUR FEARLESS AND ENDLESS OBSESSION WITH MAKING EVERY MEMBER TOUCHPOINT MEMORABLE THAT MOVES US FORWARD EVERY DAY. - DAVID PACKLES. DIRECTOR OF PRODUCT

LOGO

OUR INSTRUCTORS INSPIRE US “ THERE IS SOMETHING REALLY SPECIAL ABOUT PROVIDING ENTERTAINMENT AND CREDIBLE FITNESS AUTHORITY AT THE SAME TIME, AND THAT IS THE SECRET SAUCE OF PELOTON. - ROBIN ARZON, VP FITNESS PROGRAMMING

LOGO

BUSINESS