Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in this Registration Statement (Form S-3) and related Prospectus of Reneo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the registration of its common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and warrants and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated March 23, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Reneo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

November 13, 2023