Note 4—Asset Acquisitions and License Agreements

During the years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company, directly or indirectly through Vants, completed the following key asset acquisitions and license agreements. The Company evaluated the below agreements, except the collaboration and license agreement entered into between Dermavant and Japan Tobacco Inc. that is evaluated separately below, and determined that the acquired assets did not meet the definition of a business as substantially all the fair value of the assets acquired were concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets and/or the acquired assets were not capable of producing outputs due to the lack of an assembled workforce and early stage of development and thus, each transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition.

The Company then evaluated whether each in-process research and development asset had an alternative future use and concluded it did not. As a result, the Company recorded the consideration attributable to in-process research and development under the below agreements as research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Dermavant

In August 2018, Dermavant acquired the worldwide rights (other than with respect to certain rights in China) to tapinarof, an investigational therapeutic aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulating agent for the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, from GlaxoSmithKline Intellectual Property Development Ltd. and Glaxo Group Limited (collectively “GSK”) pursuant to an asset purchase agreement (the “GSK Agreement”). GSK previously acquired rights to a predecessor formulation of tapinarof from Welichem Biotech Inc. (“Welichem”) pursuant to an asset purchase agreement between GSK and Welichem entered into in May 2012 (the “Welichem Agreement”). Under the GSK Agreement, Dermavant made an upfront payment of £150.0 million (approximately $191 million) and agreed to a contingent payment of £100.0 million (approximately $133 million) upon the first approval of an NDA by the FDA for a product that contains tapinarof. Dermavant assumed responsibility for all obligations under the Welichem Agreement, including payment of up to C$180.0 million (approximately $137 million) in potential development and commercial milestones. The purchase was funded in part by a $117.5 million borrowing from NovaQuest Co-Investment Fund VIII, L.P. (“NovaQuest”), an affiliate of NovaQuest Capital Management, LLC, as described in Note 8, “Long-Term Debt.” In connection with the GSK Agreement, Dermavant and GSK have entered into a clinical manufacturing and supply agreement for tapinarof pursuant to which Dermavant will obtain supply of tapinarof for clinical trials on a cost-plus basis. In May 2019, Dermavant achieved a development and regulatory milestone under the GSK Agreement, which resulted in a C$30.0 million (approximately $23 million) milestone payment that Dermavant subsequently paid to Welichem in August 2019. The milestone payment was recorded as research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2020.

In January 2020, Dermavant entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Japan Tobacco Inc. (“JT”) for exclusive rights to develop, register, and market tapinarof in Japan for the treatment of dermatological diseases and conditions, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In conjunction with this agreement, JT executed an exclusive license agreement with its subsidiary, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., for co-development and commercialization of tapinarof in Japan. Under the terms of the license agreement, Dermavant received a nonrefundable, upfront payment of $60.0 million in January 2020 and may receive up to $53.0 million upon the achievement of certain development milestones for tapinarof for the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, Dermavant will have the right to receive royalties based on product sales of tapinarof in the indications.

The Company evaluated the collaboration and license agreement and concluded that JT is a customer. The Company’s performance obligations under the agreement are the following: (i) an exclusive license to JT of the right to develop, register and market tapinarof in Japan and (ii) the associated transfer to JT of technology and know-how related to the license. The Company determined that the monetary value of participation in the Joint Steering Committee under the agreement was immaterial in the context of the contract and therefore was disregarded when identifying the performance obligations. The Company determined that the exclusive license is not capable of being distinct from the associated technology transfer because the customer cannot benefit from or utilize the license without the technology and know-how transfer and as such does not have standalone value as JT cannot benefit from the exclusive license without the associated technology and know-how transfer. Accordingly, the Company concluded that these performance obligations should be combined into a single performance obligation.

Based on management’s evaluation, the non-refundable, up-front payment of $60.0 million constituted the amount of consideration to be included in the transaction price. The remaining $53.0 million of consideration related to potential development and regulatory approval milestones constitutes variable consideration and has not been recognized because of the inherent uncertainty of the occurrence of the future events and because it is highly susceptible to factors outside of the Company’s control. Any consideration related to potential royalty payments will be recognized when the related sales occur, since these amounts have been determined to relate predominantly to the license granted to JT and therefore are recognized at the later of when the performance obligations are satisfied or the related sales occur. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price in each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. Upon transfer of the technology and know-how related to the license, the Company recognized the $60.0 million non-refundable upfront payment as license revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2020.

Genevant

In July 2020, RSL increased its investment in Genevant Sciences Ltd. (“Genevant”) as part of a recapitalization transaction (the “Recapitalization”). Genevant, an entity focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of a broad range of RNA-based therapeutics enabled by Arbutus’ proprietary lipid nanoparticle and ligand conjugate delivery technologies, was created in April 2018 as part of an agreement between RSL and Arbutus. As part of the initial transaction entered into in April 2018, RSL contributed $38.7 million in cash, including transaction costs, for an equity ownership interest in Genevant. Prior to the Recapitalization, RSL accounted for its investment in Genevant under the equity method of accounting as it had determined that it was not the primary beneficiary of Genevant since it did not have the power to direct its most significant activities. Additionally, RSL made additional investments in the form of promissory notes issued by Genevant amounting to $20.1 million aggregate principal amount outstanding (the “Genevant Outstanding Notes”) prior to the Recapitalization. RSL applied its share of losses relating to its equity method investment in Genevant against the Company’s carrying value of its investment in Genevant’s common shares and against the carrying value of the Genevant Outstanding Notes. The carrying value of RSL’s investment in Genevant was reduced to zero prior to the Recapitalization.

Pursuant to the Recapitalization, the following transactions were completed:

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Genevant issued 74,272,043 common shares to RSL for an aggregated purchase price of $20.5 million;

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$15.1 million aggregate principal amount of the Genevant Outstanding Notes were converted into 54,526,549 common shares; and

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Genevant issued 9,057,566 common shares to Arbutus for an aggregated purchase price of $2.5 million.

Following the Recapitalization, RSL held an 82.9% controlling interest in Genevant.

Concurrent with the Recapitalization, the composition of Genevant’s Board of Directors was restructured to include two directors designated by RSL and one director who is a senior officer of Genevant.

As a result of the Recapitalization and changes to the bye-laws, RSL determined that it controls the most significant activities of Genevant and is the primary beneficiary of Genevant following the Recapitalization. As such, RSL began consolidating Genevant into the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of the Recapitalization. The Company evaluated the acquired set of assets and activities and determined that the acquired set did not meet the definition of a business and thus the transaction was not considered a business combination.

The transactions completed as part of the Recapitalization represent an acquisition achieved in stages, which required the remeasurement of RSL’s previously held interest in Genevant. As such, RSL’s investments in Genevant were remeasured to fair value of $28.8 million, also resulting in a gain of $28.8 million in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2021. Along with the fair value of noncontrolling interests in Genevant of $9.2 million and cash paid of $20.5 million for common shares of Genevant as part of the Recapitalization, total consideration paid was $58.5 million. Of this amount, $41.4 million was attributed to in-process research and development, which was determined by the Company to have not reached technological feasibility and therefore have no alternative future use. Accordingly, the Company recorded $41.4 million as research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2021.

Proteovant

In November 2020, Proteovant Sciences, Inc. (formerly known as Pharmavant 5, Inc.) (“ProteoVant”) entered into a stock purchase agreement to acquire Oncopia Therapeutics, Inc. (“Oncopia”), a preclinical biotechnology company developing small molecule protein degraders primarily against certain oncology targets. Upfront proceeds to Oncopia’s shareholders were $105.0 million, prior to certain adjustments in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Proteovant is also obligated to make future development and commercial milestone payments of up to $100.0 million for the first product targeting each of the two specified initial targets, and up to $51.0 million for the first product targeting each of certain specified additional molecular targets. Additionally, the Company’s investments in promissory notes issued by Oncopia for an aggregate principal amount of $11.5 million were settled through either conversion to equity or cancellation.

Oncopia’s intellectual property was developed by the University of Michigan laboratory run by Oncopia’s co-founder (the “Co-Founder”). In connection with Proteovant’s acquisition, Oncopia amended and restated its existing license agreements with the University of Michigan. Under the new license agreement, Oncopia will be obligated to make future development and commercial milestone payments of up to $8.6 million for the first product for each molecular target covered by intellectual property included in the agreement, in addition to paying tiered royalties on net sales ranging from low- to mid-single digits, subject to certain adjustments.

The Co-Founder’s lab at the University of Michigan had been providing on-going discovery and optimization services to Oncopia under a sponsored research agreement (the “SRA”). Immediately after closing the acquisition, Oncopia extended the SRA through at least December 31, 2023, and expanded the potential molecular targets to be pursued under the SRA. As revised, Oncopia is obligated to pay the University of Michigan approximately $15.5 million under the SRA.

Lastly, in connection with the acquisition of Oncopia, the Co-Founder entered into an agreement with the Company to serve as a consultant. In exchange for these services, the Company has agreed to grant the Co-Founder RSL restricted stock units for which the majority will vest upon achievement of development milestones for products directed to targets for which no milestones are payable to Oncopia shareholders and the remaining portion will be subject to time-based service requirements. All of these restricted stock units are subject to a liquidity requirement to vest. The Company will also make a cash payment to the Co-Founder upon achievement of development milestones for each such product.

During the year ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded $116.5 million, relating to the net upfront cash payment of $101.2 million, settlement of promissory notes receivable, including accrued interest, of $11.9 million, and fair value of future contingent consideration payments of $3.4 million, as research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

In December 2020, RSL, Proteovant and SK, Inc. (formerly known as SK Holdings Co., Ltd.) (“SK”) entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) pursuant to which SK agreed to make a $200.0 million equity investment in Proteovant, representing an ownership interest of 40.0% on the closing date. In January 2021, in accordance with the terms of the Subscription Agreement, SK made the first payment of $100.0 million to Proteovant. A second $100.0 million payment is expected to be made by SK to Proteovant on or about July 12, 2021, the date six months from the closing date. The second $100.0 million payment is classified as a subscription receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity and redeemable noncontrolling interest as of March 31, 2021.

Affivant

In November 2020, RSL and its indirect subsidiary Affivant Sciences GmbH (“Affivant”) entered into a licensing and strategic collaboration agreement with Affimed N.V. (“Affimed”) to develop and commercialize novel innate cell engagers for multiple cancer targets in exchange for consideration that includes $40.0 million in upfront cash and pre-paid R&D funding and $20.0 million of newly issued shares in RSL. Affimed could receive further short-term proceeds in the form of option fees contingent on the commencement of additional programs contemplated under the agreement. Affimed is eligible to receive up to an additional approximately $2.0 billion in milestones over time upon achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial milestones, as well as tiered royalties on net sales.

Acquisition of Silicon Therapeutics

In March 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of the business of Silicon Therapeutics, LLC (“SiTX”), a physics-driven computational drug discovery company, for total consideration of approximately $450.0 million, with additional cash payments payable subject to the satisfaction of certain regulatory and commercial milestones. This acquisition did not include one of SiTX’s subsidiaries, Silicon SWAT, Inc. Approximately $350.0 million of the consideration was payable primarily in the Company’s common stock at or near closing of the acquisition (the “First Tranche”). At closing of the acquisition, the Company issued 7,316,583 common shares and paid approximately $14.0 million in cash, net of cash received, to SiTX after giving effect to certain transaction adjustments and holdbacks. The remainder of the First Tranche is expected to be paid in a combination of common shares and cash as certain holdbacks are released. Approximately $100.0 million (the “Second Tranche Consideration”) is payable to SiTX on the earlier of (x) approximately 30 to 60 days following the public listing of the Company’s common shares, in either cash or common shares (at the Company’s election), and (y) 12 months following the closing of the acquisition, in cash.

The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired were concentrated in a single asset, IPR&D related to the computational drug discovery platform that designs and develops small molecule therapeutics. For accounting purposes, the fair value of consideration transferred was $402.4 million, consisting of $281.7 million relating to the fair value of common shares issued upfront and expected to be issued shortly thereafter; $105.1 million relating to the fair value of liabilities due to the sellers, including the Second Tranche Consideration, future contingent consideration payments, and closing consideration to be paid in cash; and cash of $15.6 million paid at closing. Of this amount, $399.6 million was attributed to IPR&D, which was determined to have no alternative future use. Accordingly, the Company recorded $399.6 million as research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended March 31, 2021.

In connection with the transaction, the vesting of certain outstanding SiTX share-based compensation awards held by employees of SiTX was discretionarily accelerated at closing. As a result, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $23.5 million in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2021.

In addition, certain share-based compensation awards of SiTX were exchanged with restricted common stock of the Company, subject to certain service-based vesting requirements, with a fair value of $22.6 million. Of this amount, $15.6 million was attributed to precombination service and therefore included in the total fair value of consideration transferred. Refer to Note 11, “Share-Based Compensation,” for additional detail regarding this restricted common stock.