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MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
June 30, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||
| PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||
| Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 1 |
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 31 |
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 46 |
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 46 |
| PART II - OTHER INFORMATION | ||
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 47 |
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 47 |
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities | 47 |
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 47 |
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 47 |
| Item 5. | Other Information | 47 |
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 47 |
| Signatures | 48 | |
i
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
The following unaudited interim financial statements of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. (referred to herein as the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) are included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q:
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2022 AND DECEMBER 31 2021
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Due from related party | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Prepayment | ||||||||
| Other receivables, net | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | ||||||||
| Long term investment | ||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Right of use assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right of use asset, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Other assets and deposits | ||||||||
| Deferred tax asset | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued payables | ||||||||
| Advances from customers | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities - current | ||||||||
| Income tax payable | ||||||||
| Other payables | ||||||||
| Due to related party | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Long-term loans | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity: | ||||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock，$ | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. and Variable Interest Entities | ||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | ||||||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
2
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2022 AND 2021
(Unaudited)
| For Three Months Ended June 30, | For Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit (loss) | ||||||||||||||||
| % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) from operations | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Income (Loss) before income taxes | ||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. common stockholders | ||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total Comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolliing interests | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive (income) loss attributable to Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. common stockholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||
| Earnings per common share | ||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
3
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2022 AND 2021
(Unaudited)
| Series A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in | | Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Non- controlling | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Income (Loss) | Interest | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2021 | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
4
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2022 AND 2021
| For Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Bad debt expense(reverse) | ||||||||
| Amortization of right of use assets | ||||||||
| Deferred income tax assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Employment cost settled by issuing common stock | ||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Prepayment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other receivables | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued payables | ( | ) | ||||||
| Advances from customers | ( | ) | ||||||
| Lease liability | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other payables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Purchase of Property, plant and equipment, net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Proceeds from (repayment to) related party | ||||||||
| Repayment of short-term loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH | ||||||||
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | ||||||||
| CASH, END OF PERIOD | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES: | ||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest expense, net of capitalized interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for income tax | $ | $ | ||||||
| NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS OF INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Long term investment without paying cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Recognization of operating lease right of use asset | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
5
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc (“Muliang Viagoo”), formerly known as M & A Holding Corporation., Mullan Agritech Inc., and Muliang Agritech Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on November 5, 2014. Muliang Viagoo’s core business activities of developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry are conducted through several indirectly owned subsidiaries in China.
On June 9, 2016, M & A Holding Corporation filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”
On July 11, 2016, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) effected in the marketplace the change of the corporate name from “M & A Holding Corporation” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.” and effective on such date.
On April 4, 2019, the Company changed its corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Agritech Inc.” The name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”.
On June 26, 2020, Muliang Agritech, Inc. filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”. The Company will trade under the new name upon approval by FINRA.
History
Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. (referred
to herein as “Muliang Industry”) was incorporated in PRC on December 7, 2006 as a limited liability company, owned
On May 27, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into
and consummated an equity purchase agreement whereby it acquired
On July 11, 2013, Muliang Industry established
a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agritech Development Co., Ltd. (“Agritech Development”) in Shanghai, China. On
November 6, 2013, Muliang Industry sold
On July 17, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into
an equity purchase agreement to acquire
On August 21, 2014, Muliang Agricultural Limited (“Muliang HK”) was incorporated in Hong Kong as an investment holding company.
6
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
January 27, 2015, Muliang HK incorporated a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd (“Shanghai Mufeng”), in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).
On July 8, 2015, Muliang Viagoo entered into certain
stock purchase agreement with Muliang HK, pursuant to which Muliang Viagoo, for a consideration of $
On July 23, 2015, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agricultural Sales Co., Ltd. (“Muliang Sales”) in Shanghai, China.
On September 3, 2015, Muliang Viagoo effected
a split of its outstanding common stock resulting in an aggregate of
On January 11, 2016, Muliang Viagoo issued
On February 10, 2016, Shanghai Mufeng entered into a set of contractual agreements known as Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) Agreements, including (1) Exclusive Technical Consulting and Service Agreement, (2) Equity Pledge Agreement, and (3) Call Option Cooperation Agreement, with Muliang Industry, and its Principal Shareholders. As a result of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the set of VIE Agreements, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries became entities controlled by Muliang Viagoo, whereby Muliang Viagoo would derive all substantial economic benefits generated by Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries.
As a result, Muliang Viagoo has a direct wholly-owned
subsidiary, Muliang HK, and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. In addition, through its VIE Agreements, Muliang Viagoo
exercises control over Muliang Industry.
On June 6, 2016, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, namely, Muliang (Ningling) Bio-chemical Fertilizer Co. Ltd (“Ningling Fertilizer”) in Henan Province. Ningling Fertilizer is set up for a new production line of bio-chemical fertilizer and has not begun any operation yet.
On October 27, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, Yunnan Muliang Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd (“Yunnan Muliang”) in Yunnan Province, China. Muliang Industry owns 55% shares of Yunnan Muliang, and a third-party company, Shuangbai County Development Investment Co., Ltd., owns the other 45% shares. Yunnan Muliang was set up for the sales development of West China.
7
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
On October 12, 2017, the Company canceled the
registration of Ningling with the administrative authorities for Industry and Commerce. Ningling has historically been reported as a component
of our operations and incurred $
On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Share
Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of
Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.
On April 4, 2019,
On April 5, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Amendment
to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Name Change and to authorize the creation
of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the Company’s capital stock consists of
8
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
On April 16, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares are to be rounded up to whole shares. The reverse stock split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.
The reverse stock split and the name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG.”
On June 19, 2020, Muliang Agritech Inc. entered
into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of
On June 26, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”
Viagoo is a Singapore-based logistics sharing platform that enables shippers and carriers to share and optimize resources to lower costs and increase efficiency. From last-mile delivery to cross-border transportation, the platform provides digital transaction contracts for customers to source for service providers to deliver goods and services conveniently. Viagoo partners with various Singapore agencies to promote the platform to support urban logistics need in Singapore, such as Enterprise Singapore, a government agency to support Singapore small and medium businesses, and Singapore Logistics Association.
Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from
Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate
purchase price for the Shares was US$
Management determined that the results of operations of Viagoo from June 19, 2020, to June 30, 2020, were not material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and as a result, has excluded them from the Company’s consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.
The consolidated financial statements were prepared assuming that the Company has controlled Muliang HK and its intermediary holding companies, operating subsidiaries, and variable interest entities: Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Heilongjiang, and Agritech Development, from the first period presented. The transactions detailed above have been accounted for as reverse takeover transactions and a recapitalization of the Company; accordingly, the Company (the legal acquirer) is considered the accounting acquiree, and Muliang HK (the legal acquiree) is considered the accounting acquirer. No goodwill has been recorded for these transactions. As a result of this transaction, the Company is deemed to be a continuation of the business of Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, and Muliang Industry.
9
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Liquidity and Going Concern
As reflected in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements, we had a net income of $
According to the normal operation, the company does not have problems with business sustainability. But the new covid-19 pandemic from the beginning of 2020 greatly impacts the company’s operation. In 2021, the company’s sales had declined, and the recovery of accounts receivable was slow. As a result, the Company has taken the following measures :(1) while actively opening up new markets and new customers, the Company have increased the collection of accounts receivable and strive to control the turnover days of accounts receivable to be within 90 days at the end of 2022;(2) In 2021, the company has completed the disposal of Shanghai industrial land transfer transaction and paid off all loans.
Because the company is gradually recovering the accounts receivables affected by the Covid-19, and the sales are gradually returning to the normal level, the company’s current cash revenue and expenditure are normal, which did not affect the normal operation. Now, after Covid-19, the company has no problems with business sustainability. IPO financing will be used for new investments to expand the operating scale and does not affect the existing operating scale.
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. However, the basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Therefore, the differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).
Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) applicable to interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosure required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been included. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. Not all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial statements are presented. The interim financial statements follow the same accounting policies and methods of computations as the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, land use rights, assumptions used in assessing the collectability of receivables, and impairment for long-term assets.
10
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs, including the VIEs’ subsidiaries, for which Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary.
All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and the VIEs’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
As PRC laws and regulations welcome to invest in organic fertilizer industry businesses, Muliang Viagoo operates its fertilizer business in the PRC through Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries, which are collectively referred as the “WFOEs”.
By entering into a series of agreements (the “VIE Agreements”), Muliang Viagoo, through WFOEs, obtained control over Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries (collectively referred as “VIEs”). The VIE Agreements enable Muliang Viagoo to (1) have power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIEs, and (2) receive the economic benefits of the VIEs that could be significant to the VIEs. Accordingly, Muliang Viagoo is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and has consolidated the VIEs’ financial results of operations, assets and liabilities in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements. In making the conclusion that Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, Muliang Viagoo’s rights under the Power of Attorney also provide Muliang Viagoo’s abilities to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. Muliang Viagoo also believes that this ability to exercise control ensures that the VIEs will continue to execute and renew the Master Exclusive Service Agreement and pay service fees to Muliang Viagoo. By charging service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of Muliang Viagoo, and by ensuring that the Master Exclusive Service Agreement is executed and remains effective, Muliang Viagoo has the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs.
Comparative VIE financials, are set forth below:
| As of June 30, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Current assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Total Assets | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | $ | ||||||
| For six months ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investment activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
11
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Quantitative Metrics of the VIE, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd.are set forth below:
For the six months ended June 30, 2022
| Parent company | WFOE (Shanghai Mufeng) - Note 3 | Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the VIEs) | Subsidiaries | Elimination of intercompany balances | Consolidated Financials | % of the Consolidated Financials | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | B | C | D | E | F=A+B+C+D+E | G=C/F | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalence | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intercompany receivable from VIE | Note 3 | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in Subsidiaries | Note 1 | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intercompany payable to WFOE | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | Note 2 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service fee expense from VIE to WFOE | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from VIE | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from equity method investment | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Comprehensive Income | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intercompany receivable / payable between WFOE and VIE | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investment activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note 1 The investment refers to the acquisition of
12
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Note 2 The Company’s shareholders would not hold any ownership interest, direct or indirect, in the operating company in China, i.e. the VIE, and would merely have a contractual relationship with the VIE.
Note 3 The intercompany balances of $
VIE Agreements that were entered to give Muliang Viagoo effective control over the VIEs include:
Voting Rights Proxy Agreement and Irrevocable Power of Attorney
Under which each shareholder of the VIEs grant to any person designated by WFOEs to act as its attorney-in-fact to exercise all shareholder rights under PRC law and the relevant articles of association, including but not limited to, appointing directors, supervisors and officers of the VIEs as well as the right to sell, transfer, pledge and dispose all or a portion of the equity interest held by such shareholders of the VIEs. The proxy and power of attorney agreements will remain effective as long as WFOEs exist. The shareholders of the VIEs do not have the right to terminate the proxy agreements or revoke the appointment of the attorney-in-fact without written consent of the WFOEs.
Exclusive Option Agreement
Under which each shareholder of the VIEs granted 9F or any third party designated by 9F the exclusive and irrevocable right to purchase from such shareholders of the VIEs, to the extent permitted by PRC law and regulations, all or part of their respective equity interests in the VIEs for a purchase price equal to the registered capital. The shareholders of the VIEs will then return the purchase price to 9F or any third party designated by 9F after the option is exercised. 9F may transfer all or part of its option to a third party at its own option. The VIEs and its shareholders agree that without prior written consent of 9F, they may not transfer or otherwise dispose the equity interests or declare any dividends. The restated option agreement will remain effective until 9F or any third party designated by 9F acquires all equity interest of the VIEs.
Spousal Consent
The spouse of each shareholder of the VIEs has entered into a spousal consent letter to acknowledge that he or she consents to the disposition of the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIEs in accordance with the exclusive option agreement, the power of attorney and the equity pledge agreement regarding VIE structure described above, and any other supplemental agreement(s) may be consented by his or her spouse from time to time. Each such spouse further agrees that he or she will not take any action or raise any claim to interfere with the arrangements contemplated under the mentioned agreements. In addition, each such spouse further acknowledges that any right or interest in the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIEs do not constitute property jointly owned with his or her spouse and each such spouse unconditionally and irrevocably waives any right or interest in such equity interests.
Loan Agreement
Pursuant to the loan agreements between WFOEs and each shareholder of the VIEs, WFOEs extended loans to the shareholders of the VIEs, who had contributed the loan principal to the VIEs as registered capital. The shareholders of VIEs may repay the loans only by transferring their respective equity interests in VIEs to 9F Inc. or its designated person(s) pursuant to the exclusive option agreements. These loan agreements will remain effective until the date of full performance by the parties of their respective obligations thereunder.
VIE Agreements that enables Muliang Viagoo to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs include:
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement
Pursuant to equity interest pledge agreement, each shareholder of the VIEs has pledged all of his or her equity interest held in the VIEs to WFOEs to secure the performance by VIEs and their shareholders of their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, including the payments due to WFOEs for services provided. In the event that the VIEs breach any obligations under these agreements, WFOEs as the pledgees, will be entitled to request immediate disposal of the pledged equity interests and have priority to be compensated by the proceeds from the disposal of the pledged equity interests. The shareholders of the VIEs shall not transfer their equity interests or create or permit to be created any pledges without the prior written consent of WFOEs. The equity interest pledge agreement will remain valid until the master exclusive service agreement and the relevant exclusive option agreements and proxy and power of attorney agreements, expire or terminate.
Master Exclusive Service Agreement
Pursuant to exclusive service agreement, WFOEs have the exclusive right to provide the VIEs with technical support, consulting services and other services. WFOEs shall exclusively own any intellectual property arising from the performance of the agreement. During the term of this agreement, the VIEs may not accept any services covered by this agreement provided by any third party. The VIEs agree to pay service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of the WFOEs. The agreement will remain effective unless WFOEs terminate the agreement in writing.
13
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Risks in relation to the VIE structure
Muliang viagoo believes that the contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their current shareholders are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit Muliang Viagoo’s ability to enforce the contractual arrangements. If the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:
| ● | Revoke the business and operating licenses of Muliang Viagoo’s PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities; | |
| ● | Discontinue or restrict the operations of any related-party transactions among Muliang Viagoo’s PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities; | |
| ● | Impose fines or other requirements on Muliang Viagoo’s PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities; | |
| ● | Require Muliang Viagoo’s PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities to revise the relevant ownership structure or restructure operations; and/or; |
| ● | Restrict or prohibit Muliang Viagoo’s use of the proceeds of the additional public offering to finance Muliang Viagoo’s business and operations in China; | |
| ● | Shut down Muliang Viagoo’s servers or blocking Muliang Viagoo’s online platform; | |
| ● | Discontinue or place restrictions or onerous conditions on Muliang Viagoo’s operations; and/or | |
| ● | Require Muliang Viagoo to undergo a costly and disruptive restructuring. |
Muliang Viagoo’s ability to conduct its business may be negatively affected if the PRC government were to carry out any of the aforementioned actions. As a result, Muliang Viagoo may not be able to consolidate the VIEs in its consolidated financial statements as it may lose the ability to exert effective control over the VIEs and its shareholders, and it may lose the ability to receive economic benefits from the VIEs. Muliang Viagoo currently does not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC government would result in the liquidation of the Company, WFOEs, or the VIEs.
The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the VIEs and their subsidiaries, which are included in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions:
Under the VIE Arrangements, Muliang Viagoo has the power to direct activities of the VIEs and can have assets transferred out of the VIEs. Therefore, Muliang Viagoo considers that there is no asset in the VIEs that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIEs, except for assets that correspond to the amount of the registered capital and PRC statutory reserves, if any. As the VIEs are incorporated as limited liability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of Muliang Viagoo for any of the liabilities of the VIEs.
Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires Muliang Viagoo to provide additional financial support to the VIEs. However, as Muliang Viagoo conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses held by the VIEs, Muliang Viagoo has provided and will continue to provide financial support to the VIEs.
Revenue-producing assets held by the VIEs include certain internet content provision (“ICP”) licenses and other licenses, domain names and trademarks. The ICP licenses and other licenses are required under relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations for the operation of internet businesses in the PRC, and therefore are integral to Muliang Viagoo’s operations. The ICP licenses require that core PRC trademark registrations and domain names are held by the VIEs that provide the relevant services.
Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. Accordingly, the 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang, and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
14
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. In addition, the Company maintains cash with various financial institutions.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, current creditworthiness, and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.
Inventories
Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in process, and finished goods related to the Company’s products are stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the weighted average method.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.
Included in property and equipment is construction-in-progress, which consists of factory improvements and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the construction period or installation of the assets. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.
Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:
| Useful Life | ||
| Building | ||
| Operating equipment | ||
| Vehicle | ||
| Electronic equipment | ||
| Office equipment | ||
| Apple orchard |
15
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
The apple orchard includes rental of an apple
farm, labor cost, fertilizers, apple seeds, apple seedlings, etc. The costs to purchase and cultivate apple trees and the expenditures
related to labor and materials to plant apple trees until they become commercially productive are capitalized, which require a two-year
period. The estimated production life for an apple tree is
Depreciation expenses pertaining to apple trees will be included in inventory costs for those apples to be sold and ultimately become a component of the cost of goods sold. Therefore, similar to other assets, the failure of our apple trees to be serviceable over the entirety of their anticipated useful lives or to be sold at their anticipated residual value will negatively impact our operating results.
Intangible Assets
Included in the intangible assets are land-use rights. According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Therefore, companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their lease terms or estimated useful life.
Estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:
| Useful Life | ||
| Land use rights | ||
| Non-patented technology |
The Company carries intangible assets at a cost
less accumulated amortization. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of intangible
assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes
amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company recorded no impairment charge for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021.
16
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Advances from Customers
Advances from customers consist of prepayments from customers for merchandise that had not yet been shipped. The Company will recognize the deposits as revenue as customers take delivery of the goods and title to the assets is transferred to customers in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control is accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations. Upon loss of control, the interest sold and interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.
Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Accordingly, results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.
Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period, nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.
Revenue for the sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable consideration. Instead, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied, and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For the vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered and customer acceptance is made.
Revenue for logistics-related services is derived from Viagoo subsidiaries. Through an online service platform, the company provides the operation management service to support customers. For VTM service, revenue is charged to carriers based on a certain percentage of the freight charges. For VES service, revenue is recognized based on monthly subscriptions by vehicles and by users. For system integration service, revenue is recognized over time based on the progress of the project and annual maintenance service.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of raw materials, utility, and supply costs consumed in the manufacturing process, manufacturing labor, depreciation expense, and direct overhead expenses necessary to manufacture finished goods as well as warehousing and distribution costs such as inbound freight charges, shipping, and handling costs, purchasing and receiving costs.
17
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which is an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns.
The Company is subject to the Enterprise Income
Tax law (“EIT”) of the People’s Republic of China. The Company’s operations in producing and selling fertilizers
are subject to the
Related Parties
Parties are related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management, and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to the extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital, and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and unrealized gains from foreign currency translation adjustments.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s functional currency is the
Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”) and Singapore Dollar (“SGD”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). Results of operations and cash flows are translated at
average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period,
and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements
of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments
resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive
income/loss. The translation adjustment for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021 was a loss of $
All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Accordingly, transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the Company’s results of operations.
18
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
For business in China, asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were translated at 6.6964 RMB to $1 USD and 6.3588 RMB to $1 USD, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021 were 6.4973 RMB and 6.4853 RMB to $1 USD, respectively.
For business in Singapore, asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were translated at 1.3911 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3493 SGD to $1 USD, respectively. The average translation rate applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2022,and 2021 was 1.3672 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3323 SGD to $1 USD, respectively.
Earnings (Loss) per Share
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share give effect to all dilutive potential of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, including stock options or warrants, using the treasury stock method (by using the average stock price for the period to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants), and convertible debt or convertible preferred stock, using the if-converted method. Earnings per share exclude all potential dilutive shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive securities on June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, and for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company adopted the guidance of ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements, which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, advances to suppliers, prepaid expenses, short-term loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, advances from customers, VAT and service taxes payable, and income taxes payable approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.
ASC Topic 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Accordingly, the Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.
19
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes the carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments:
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | $ | $ | ||||||
| Long-term loan | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Government Contribution Plan
Pursuant to the laws applicable to PRC law, the Company is required to participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Company to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate based on the basic monthly compensation of qualified employees. The relevant local labor bureau is responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Company has no further commitments beyond its monthly contribution.
Statutory Reserve
Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC, the
Company must make appropriations from after-tax profit to the non-distributable “statutory surplus reserve fund.”
Segment Information
The standard, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” codified with ASC-280, requires certain financial and supplementary information to be disclosed on an annual and interim basis for each reportable segment of an enterprise. The Company believes that it operates in two business segments, of which are geographically located in China and one in Singapore respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncement
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. For finance leases, a lessee is required to do the following:
| ● | Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position |
20
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
| ● | Recognize interest on the lease liability separately from amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statement of comprehensive income | |
| ● | Classify repayments of the principal portion of the lease liability within financing activities and payments of interest on the lease liability and variable lease payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. |
For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following:
| ● | Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position | |
| ● | Recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis | |
| ● | Classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. |
In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 (ASU 2018-11), which amends ASC 842 so that entities may elect not to recast their comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”). ASU 2018-11 allows entities to change their date of initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption. In doing so, entities would:
| ● | Apply ASC 840 in the comparative periods. | |
| ● | Provide the disclosures required by ASC 840 for all periods that continue to be presented in accordance with ASC 840. | |
| ● | Recognize the effects of applying ASC 842 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the period of adoption. |
In addition, the FASB also issued a series of amendments to ASU 2016-02 that address the transition methods available and clarify the guidance for lessor costs and other aspects of the new lease standard.
The management has reviewed the accounting pronouncements and adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption.
21
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company believes that there were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consisted of the following:
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total, net | $ | $ | ||||||
The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. After evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company did not recognize bad debt allowance for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021. The allowance balance as of June 30, 2022 was carried forward from the prior period.
The novel coronavirus epidemic that began in the PRC at the beginning of 2020 has significantly impacted the operation of customers, resulting in delays in collecting outstanding receivables as of June 30, 2022. As of the date of this report, a majority of the Company’s customers have resumed normal operations.
NOTE 4 – INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following:
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Raw materials | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finished goods | ||||||||
| Less: Provision for impairment | ||||||||
| Total, net | $ | $ | ||||||
The Company did not recognize a loss from inventory impairment for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021.
22
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 5 – PREPAYMENT
The prepayment balance of $
NOTE 6 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of:
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Building | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating equipment | ||||||||
| Vehicle | ||||||||
| Office equipment | ||||||||
| Apple Orchard | ||||||||
| Construction in progress | ||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021,
depreciation expense amounted to $
The construction in progress of $
NOTE 7 – RIGHT OF USE ASSETS
The total balance of $
23
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 8 – DEFERRED TAX ASSETS, NET
The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets, non-current | ||||||||
| Deficit carried-forward | $ | $ | ||||||
| Allowance | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, non-current | $ | $ | ||||||
Deferred taxation is calculated under the liability method in respect of taxation effect arising from all timing differences, which are expected with reasonable probability to realize in the foreseeable future. The Company’s subsidiary registered in the PRC is subject to income taxes within the PRC at the applicable tax rate.
NOTE 9 – LOANS PAYABLE
Long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan consisted of the following:
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Loan payable to Rushan City Rural Credit Union, annual interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Long-term loans due to individuals and entities without interest | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term loans payable | ||||||||
| Total, net | $ | $ | ||||||
As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s future loan obligations according to the terms of the loan agreement are as follows:
| within 1 year | $ | |||
| 1-2 years | ||||
| 3 years | ||||
| Total | $ |
The Company recognized interest expenses of $
24
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Authorized Stock
The Company has authorized
On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the creation of Blank Check
Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consisted of
On October 30, 2019,
Common Share Issuances
On June 29, 2018, the outstanding amount of $
On June 29, 2018, the Company issued
On April 16, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Reverse stock Split. The reverse stock split took effect on May 7, 2019. The common shares outstanding have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.
On October 10, 2019, and November 1, 2019, the
Company issued a total of
On June 19, 2020, Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc.
entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition
of
Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Muliang
shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital
stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$
On June 28, 2020, the Company issued
25
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)
On December 29, 2020, the Company issued
As of the date of this report, there were
Blank Check Preferred Stock
On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of
Directors and majority shareholder approved the creation of one hundred million (
On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock.
On October 30, 2019,
Series A Preferred Stock
The holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.
The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be subject to conversion into Common Stock or other equity authorized to be issued by the Corporation.
The holders of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have voting rights equal to ten (10) shares of Common Stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock.
On November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total
of
As of the filing date, there were
26
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
*Due from related parties
The due from related parties balance of $
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the increase
of $
For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company
borrowed $
These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured unless further disclosed.
*Due to related parties
Outstanding balance due to Ms. Xueying Sheng and Mr. Guohua Lin below are advances to the Company as working capital. These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Relationship | ||||||||
| Ms. Xueying Sheng | ||||||||||
| Mr. Guohua Lin | ||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company
borrowed $
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company
borrowed $
27
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 12 – CONCENTRATIONS
Customer Concentrations
The following table sets forth information as
to each customer that accounted for
| For the six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| Customer | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||
| A | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| B | % | % | ||||||||||||||
Supplier Concentrations
The following table sets forth information as
to each supplier that accounted for
| For the six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
| Suppliers | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||
| A | % | |||||||||||||||||
| B | % | % | ||||||||||||||||
| C | % | % | ||||||||||||||||
| D | % | % | ||||||||||||||||
| E | % | |||||||||||||||||
Credit Risks
The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by the PRC’s political, economic, and legal environment and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. As a result, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. A significant portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose ability to pay is dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk. On June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:
| June 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| China | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||
| Singapore | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||
28
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES
United States
Muliang Viagoo was established in the State of
Nevada in the United States and is subject to Nevada State and US Federal tax laws. Muliang Viagoo has approximately $
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted
the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) resulting in significant modifications to existing law.
Hong Kong
Muliang HK is established in Hong Kong, and its
income is subject to a
Singapore
Viagoo is incorporated in Singapore where tax
is levied on profits at rate of
China, PRC
Shanghai Mufeng and its subsidiaries Muliang Industry,
Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Zhongliang, Heilongjiang and Yunnan Muliang are established in
China and its income is subject to income tax rate of
The reconciliation of effective income tax rate as follows:
| For the Six Months Ended | ||||||||
| June 30, | June 30, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| US Statutory income tax rate | % | % | ||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
| Total | ||||||||
29
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
The tax authority of the PRC government conducts periodic and ad hoc tax filing reviews on business enterprises operating in the PRC after those enterprises complete their relevant tax filings. Therefore, the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings results are subject to change. Therefore, it is uncertain whether the PRC tax authority may take different views about the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings, which may lead to additional tax liabilities.
ASC 740 requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. Accordingly, the management evaluated the Company’s tax positions and concluded that no provision for uncertainty in income taxes was necessary as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 14 – BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The revenues and cost of goods sold from operation consist of the following:
| Revenues | Cost of Sales | |||||||||||||||
| For the Six Months Ended | For the Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 30, | June 30, | June 30, | June 30, | |||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Fertilizer sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Logistic | ||||||||||||||||
| Others | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
NOTE 15 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based on this evaluation, the Company concluded that subsequent to June 30, 2022 but prior to August 15, 2022, the date the financial statements were available to be issued, there was no subsequent event that would require disclosure to or adjustment to the financial statements other than the ones disclosed above.
30
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should also be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future performance. Actual results may materially differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain risks and uncertainties set forth in this report. Although management believes that the assumptions made and expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, there is no assurance that the underlying assumptions will, in fact, prove to be correct or that actual results will not be different from expectations expressed in this report.
Business Overview
We are a holding company incorporated in Nevada. As a holding company with no material operations of our own, we conduct a substantial majority of our operations through our subsidiaries established in the People’s Republic of China, or “PRC” or “China,” and the variable interest entity, or “VIE.” We control and receive the economic benefits of the VIE’s business operations through certain contractual arrangements. Because of our corporate structure, we are subject to risks due to uncertainty of the interpretation and the application of the PRC laws and regulations, including but not limited to a limitation on foreign ownership of internet technology companies and regulatory review of overseas listing of PRC companies through a special purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the VIE Agreements. We are also subject to the risks of uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC government in this regard. In addition, the VIE Agreements may not be effective in providing control over VIE. If we fail to comply with their rules and regulations, we may also be subject to sanctions imposed by PRC regulatory agencies, including the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission.
We primarily engage in the manufacturing and distribution of organic fertilizer and the sales of agricultural products in the PRC. Our organic fertilizer products are sold under our brand names “Zongbao,” “Fukang,” and “Muliang.”
We process crop straw (including corn, rice, wheat, cotton, and other crops) into high-quality organic, nutritious fertilizers that are easily absorbed by crops in three hours through our patented technology. Straws are common agricultural by-products. In PRC, farmers usually remove the straw stubble that remains after grains by burning them to continue farming on the same land. These activities have resulted in significant air pollution, and they damage the surface structure of the soil with a loss of nutrients. We turn waste into treasure by transforming the straws into organic fertilizer, effectively reducing air pollution. The straw organic fertilizer we produce does not contain the heavy metals, antibiotics, and harmful bacteria common in the traditional manure fertilizer. Our fertilizers also provide optimum levels of primary plant nutrients, including multi-minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates that promote the healthiest soils capable of growing healthy crops and vegetables. In addition, it can effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and reduce the penetration of large chemical fertilizers and pesticides into the soil, thus avoiding water pollution. Therefore, our fertilizer can effectively improve soil fertility and the quality and safety of agricultural products.
We generated our revenue mainly from our organic fertilizers, which accounted for approximately 87.1% and 90.1% of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively. We currently have two integrated factories in Weihai City, Shandong Province, PRC, to produce our organic fertilizers, which have been in operation since August 2015. We plan to improve the technology for our existing straw organic fertilizer production lines in the following aspects: (i) adopt more advanced automatic control technology for raw material feed to shorten the processing time of raw material, and (ii) manufacture powdered organic fertilizer instead of granular organic fertilizer production in order to avoid the drying and cooling process, as such will increase our production capacity.
31
In addition, we plan to engage in the processing and distribution of black goat products, with business commencing at the end of 2022. We are currently constructing a deep-processing slaughterhouse and processing plant that is expected to slaughter 200,000 black goats per year in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, in China. Our black goat processing products include goat rib lets, goat loin roast, goat loin chops, goat rack, goat leg, goat shoulder, goat leg shanks, ground goat, goat stew meat, whole goat, half-goat, lamb viscera, etc. We expect to start generating revenue from the black goat products at the end of 2022.
We have sold our industrial land and buildings in Shanghai through an administratively organized private sale before the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. We have cleared all liens and legal claims attached to our subsidiary Zongbao and improved our cash position through the sale. We have completed the sale in April 2021.
Viagoo Solutions
Viagoo logistic platform aims to provide a solution for shippers to easily optimize the logistics resources by either listing their assets in the platform for other shippers to book or requesting the logistic services via the platform. Furthermore, the flexible sharing model ensures shippers and carriers can get the best deals to reduce costs by maximizing unused resources.
Viagoo platform provides full online tracking, route optimization, and capacity planning options to help the carriers efficiently manage their operations. Using the Internet of Things (IoT), GPS, mobile integration, document and data integration services, the Viagoo platform can empower shippers and carriers with an up-to-date digital platform to support their digital transformations. Furthermore, with a ready Application Programming Interface (API) to various eCommerce platforms, shippers and carriers can plan their digital strategies and grow their businesses.
Viagoo platform is built on a secured cloud environment tested and approved by some key corporate users in the healthcare and logistics sectors. Viagoo is seeking investments to expand its digital capability with advanced technology in its plans, particularly in Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, blockchain in transaction handling, data analytics in resource distribution, and cold chain management. Also, using document automation and data integration technologies, the Viagoo platform will offer value-added services such as insurance on the go, vehicle lease financing, link up to rest stop, fuel, vehicle workshop services.
The acquisition of Viagoo Pte Ltd, a Singapore-based online logistic platform, will enable the Muliang group of companies to optimize the transport logistics to lower the cost of delivery and increase efficiency. The platform will connect truck drivers to Muliang and provide end-to-end tracking of the delivery status. With this platform, it is expected to reduce delivery costs by 30%.
Viagoo platform is expected to be opened to the China market where other companies and merchants can book delivery services, and transporters can sign on to list and provide their services. Development work began in August 2020 to provide localization and support for map and address services in China. The development and testing are expected to be completed in June 2022 and ready for launch in July 2022.
32
Viagoo Business Model
Viagoo business model has three main revenue streams.
Viagoo Transport Marketplace (VTM) is the transaction platform for shippers and carriers to list and accept delivery jobs. In addition, the platform provides sharing functions where shippers can share the transport fleet to some common places (e.g., shopping malls in the city). This service will reduce the waiting time and fuels and result in huge cost savings.
| ● | VTM provides single job and bulk orders or API connections for a job posting. The fees are pre-calculated based on distance, areas, volume matric weight, type of goods, delivery options, and time. | |
| ● | Task tracking – Shippers can track the delivery status if the option for tracking is required. | |
| ● | eWallet option – eWallet will be used for the service purpose, and payment will be deducted from the eWallet stored value. | |
| ● | Reports – Delivery reports are available for shippers to track the performance and status of the delivery operation. |
VTM is charged to carriers based on a certain percentage of the freight charges. In addition, other add-on services like online insurance, rest stop services will be an additional percentage charged to the service providers.
Viagoo Enterprise Services (VES) - is a cloud-based service that provides the operation management to support the Transport and Logistics team. Through various modules, the carrier’s transport management can greatly optimize the resources and achieve higher efficiency.
| ● | Automatic Scheduling – Delivery / Invoice data will be pushed to the VES for an automatic schedule to the driver via VES mobile app. The criteria of automatic scheduling are based on location, time preference, and route zoning. These criteria can be configured and fine-tuned as the business progresses. |
| ● | Route Optimisation – The system can automatically calculate the best routes based on various delivery points and constraints such as “time window.” With route optimization, the transport planner can handle new delivery addresses dynamically. Also, if there is a change in delivery plans due to various unforeseen circumstances such as vehicle breakdown and customer last-minute cancellation, the system can re-optimize quickly by pushing a button. |
| ● | VES Driver app - Task tracking – Once the tasks are started, they will be tracked until they are completed. If e-sign is accepted, customers can sign and acknowledge the acceptance of goods using VES’ mobile sign feature built into the app or by taking a photo of the signed invoices or delivering orders (usually the last page of the document). |
| ● | Customer Notification – Customers will be notified via email upon the completion of the delivery. A copy of the invoice/delivery order and the signed copies will be sent to customers (customer email list to be maintained in the system) via email. |
| ● | Reports – Delivery reports are available for operations managers to track the performance and status of the delivery operations. |
| ● | VES Temperature Sensor Tracking Services – This is an additional module for real-time tracking of temperature control (via a GPS temperature tracking device installed in the truck) trucks to prevent food waste and ensure food safety. |
VES is charged based on a monthly subscription by vehicles and by users. It is integrated with VTM and jobs received via VTM can be assigned and tracked automatically by VES.
Enterprise Systems – This is a project-based system integration. The enterprise system is charged based on project price and annual maintenance service fees. As Viagoo’s smart logistics platform gains acceptance in local markets, we expect business opportunities to arise for us to custom-build enterprise solutions in the healthcare and logistics sectors. For example, Parkway Pantai Singapore uses us to custom build the online logistic job assignment and track lab sample collection/delivery between clinics/hospitals and labs. This is to facilitate efficient deployment of the delivery resources and to ensure compliance is achieved in a tightly controlled fashion.
33
Recent Development
Impact of COVID-19
Started in December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of the coronavirus has become widespread in China and in the rest of the world, including in each of the areas in which the Company, its suppliers and its customers operate. In order to avoid the risk of the virus spreading, the Chinese government enacted various restrictive measures, including suspending business operations and quarantines, starting from the end of January 2020. We followed the requirements of local health authorities to suspend operation and production and have employees work remotely in February and March 2020. Since April 2020, we gradually resumed production and are now operating at full capacity.
As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019 and continuing in the first quarter of 2020, the Company’s businesses, results of operations, financial position and cash flows were adversely affected in 2020 with potential continuing impacts on subsequent periods, including but not limited to the material adverse impact on the Company’s revenues as result of the suspension of operations and decline in demand by the Company’s customers.
We are monitoring the global outbreak and spread of the novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) and taking steps in an effort to identify and mitigate the adverse impacts on, and risks to, our business (including but not limited to our employees, customers, other business partners, our manufacturing capabilities and capacity and our distribution channels) posed by its spread and the governmental and community reactions thereto. We continue to assess and update our business continuity plans in the context of this pandemic, including taking steps in an effort to help keep our workforces healthy and safe. The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, employee work locations in certain cases, and cancellation of physical participation in certain meetings, events and conferences), and we expect to take further actions as may be required or recommended by government authorities or as we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and other business partners. We are also working with our suppliers to understand the existing and future negative impacts to our supply chain and take actions in an effort to mitigate such impacts. Due to the speed with which the COVID-19 situation is developing, the global breadth of its spread and the range of governmental and community reactions thereto, there is uncertainty around its duration and ultimate impact; therefore, any negative impact on our overall financial and operating results (including without limitation our liquidity) cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, but the pandemic could lead to extended disruption of economic activity and the impact on our financial and operating results could be material.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Preparing these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates for reasonableness as changes occur in our business environment. We base our estimates on experience, the use of independent third-party specialists, and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Critical accounting policies are those that reflect significant judgments, estimates, and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe the following are our critical accounting policies:
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. The basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). The differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”) and Singapore dollar(“SGD”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).
34
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and consolidated VIE, including the VIE’ subsidiaries, for which Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary.
All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the VIE’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
As PRC laws and regulations welcome to invest in organic fertilizer industry businesses, Muliang Viagoo operates its fertilizer business in the PRC through Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries, which are collectively referred as the “WFOEs”.
By entering into a series of agreements (the “VIE Agreements”), Muliang Viagoo, through WFOEs, obtained control over Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries (collectively referred as “VIE”). The VIE Agreements enable Muliang Viagoo to (1) have power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE, and (2) receive the economic benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. Accordingly, Muliang Viagoo is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE and has consolidated the VIE’ financial results of operations, assets and liabilities in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements. In making the conclusion that Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, Muliang Viagoo’s rights under the Power of Attorney also provide Muliang Viagoo’s abilities to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’ economic performance. Muliang Viagoo also believes that this ability to exercise control ensures that the VIE will continue to execute and renew the Master Exclusive Service Agreement and pay service fees to Muliang Viagoo. By charging service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of Muliang Viagoo, and by ensuring that the Master Exclusive Service Agreement is executed and remains effective, Muliang Viagoo has the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIE.
Comparative VIE financials, are set forth below:
| As of June 30, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Current assets | $ | 20,655,965 | $ | 18,972,383 | ||||
| Non-current assets | 8,230,436 | 8,995,363 | ||||||
| Total Assets | 28,886,401 | 27,967,746 | ||||||
| Current liabilities | 13,906,587 | 12,788,253 | ||||||
| Non-current liabilities | 8,965,451 | 422,480 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 22,872,038 | 20,745,846 | ||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | 6,014,363 | $ | 7,221,900 | ||||
| For six months ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Net income | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 301,982 | 3,976,411 | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investment activities | (27,857 | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | (266,408 | ) | $ | (3,974,127 | ) | ||
35
Quantitative Metrics of the VIE, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd.are set forth below:
For the six months ended June 30, 2022
| Shanghai Muliang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industry | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent company | WFOE (Shanghai Mufeng) - Note 3 | Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the VIEs) | Subsidiaries | Elimination of intercompany balances | Consolidated Financials | % of the Consolidated Financials |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | B | C | D | E | F=A+B+C+D+E | G=C/F | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalence | $ | - | - | 13,402 | 47,393 | - | 60,795 | 22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current assets | - | - | 20,655,965 | 177,682 | - | 20,833,647 | 99 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intercompany receivable from VIE | - | Note 3 | 8,815,769 | - | - | (8,815,769 | ) | - | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in Subsidiaries | 2,046,656 | Note 1 | - | - | - | (2,046,656 | ) | - | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 2,046,656 | 8,815,769 | 28,886,401 | 875,094 | (10,862,425 | ) | 29,761,495 | 97 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | 11,784 | 31,081 | 13,906,587 | 609,483 | 14,558,935 | 96 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intercompany payable to WFOE | - | - | 8,815,769 | - | (8,815,769 | ) | - | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 11,784 | 31,081 | 22,872,038 | 609,483 | (8,815,769 | ) | 14,708,617 | 156 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | 2,034,872 | 8,784,688 | 6,014,363 | Note 2 | 265,611 | (2,046,656 | ) | 15,052,878 | 40 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | - | - | 3,038,749 | 450,752 | - | 3,489,501 | 87 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | - | - | 1,357,525 | 192,348 | - | 1,549,873 | 88 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service fee expense from VIE to WFOE | - | - | 868,131 | - | (868,131 | ) | - | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | - | - | 1,279,937 | 295,025 | (868,131 | ) | 706,831 | 181 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income | - | 868,131 | 945,719 | (102,677 | ) | (868,131 | ) | 843,042 | 112 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from VIE | - | 868,131 | - | - | (868,131 | ) | - | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from equity method investment | 970,808 | - | - | - | (970,808 | ) | - | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 970,808 | 868,131 | - | (107,519 | ) | (970,808 | ) | 760,612 | 0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Comprehensive Income | 970,808 | 868,131 | (604,398 | ) | 85,195 | (970,808 | ) | 348,928 | -173 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 970,808 | 868,131 | - | (107,519 | ) | (970,808 | ) | 760,612 | 0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | (970,808 | ) | - | - | 970,808 | - | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intercompany receivable / payable between WFOE and VIE | - | (868,131 | ) | 868,131 | - | - | - | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | - | - | 301,982 | (180,913 | ) | - | 121,069 | 249 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investment activities | - | - | (27,857 | ) | - | - | (27,857 | ) | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | - | - | (266,408 | ) | - | - | (266,408 | ) | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note 1 The investment refers to the acquisition of 100% shares of Viagoo Pte Ltd, paid in 1,011,000 shares on June 19, 2020, by the Company
Note 2 The Company’s shareholders would not hold any ownership interest, direct or indirect, in the operating company in China, i.e. the VIE, and would merely have a contractual relationship with the VIE.
Note 3 The intercompany balances of $8,815,769 between the WOFE and the VIE arising from the service fee income payable to the WOFE by the VIE; the intercompany balances do not include any loans between the WOFE and the VIE. The amount is accumulated from the date that the VIE agreements when into effect on February 16, 2016. As the Company has disclosed, the VIE has not paid amounts in cash or other means to settle the payables balances owed by the VIE to the WOFE.
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VIE Agreements that were entered to give Muliang Viagoo effective control over the VIE include:
Voting Rights Proxy Agreement and Irrevocable Power of Attorney
Under which each shareholder of the VIE grant to any person designated by WFOEs to act as its attorney-in-fact to exercise all shareholder rights under PRC law and the relevant articles of association, including but not limited to, appointing directors, supervisors and officers of the VIE as well as the right to sell, transfer, pledge and dispose all or a portion of the equity interest held by such shareholders of the VIE. The proxy and power of attorney agreements will remain effective as long as WFOEs exist. The shareholders of the VIE do not have the right to terminate the proxy agreements or revoke the appointment of the attorney-in-fact without written consent of the WFOEs.
Exclusive Option Agreement
Under which each shareholder of the VIE granted 9F or any third party designated by 9F the exclusive and irrevocable right to purchase from such shareholders of the VIE, to the extent permitted by PRC law and regulations, all or part of their respective equity interests in the VIE for a purchase price equal to the registered capital. The shareholders of the VIE will then return the purchase price to 9F or any third party designated by 9F after the option is exercised. 9F may transfer all or part of its option to a third party at its own option. The VIE and its shareholders agree that without prior written consent of 9F, they may not transfer or otherwise dispose the equity interests or declare any dividends. The restated option agreement will remain effective until 9F or any third party designated by 9F acquires all equity interest of the VIE.
Spousal Consent
The spouse of each shareholder of the VIE has entered into a spousal consent letter to acknowledge that he or she consents to the disposition of the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIE in accordance with the exclusive option agreement, the power of attorney and the equity pledge agreement regarding VIE structure described above, and any other supplemental agreement(s) may be consented by his or her spouse from time to time. Each such spouse further agrees that he or she will not take any action or raise any claim to interfere with the arrangements contemplated under the mentioned agreements. In addition, each such spouse further acknowledges that any right or interest in the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIE do not constitute property jointly owned with his or her spouse and each such spouse unconditionally and irrevocably waives any right or interest in such equity interests.
Loan Agreement
Pursuant to the loan agreements between WFOEs and each shareholder of the VIE, WFOEs extended loans to the shareholders of the VIE, who had contributed the loan principal to the VIE as registered capital. The shareholders of VIE may repay the loans only by transferring their respective equity interests in VIE to 9F Inc. or its designated person(s) pursuant to the exclusive option agreements. These loan agreements will remain effective until the date of full performance by the parties of their respective obligations thereunder.
VIE Agreements that enables Muliang Viagoo to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIE include:
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement
Pursuant to equity interest pledge agreement, each shareholder of the VIE has pledged all of his or her equity interest held in the VIE to WFOEs to secure the performance by VIE and their shareholders of their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, including the payments due to WFOEs for services provided. In the event that the VIE breach any obligations under these agreements, WFOEs as the pledgees, will be entitled to request immediate disposal of the pledged equity interests and have priority to be compensated by the proceeds from the disposal of the pledged equity interests. The shareholders of the VIE shall not transfer their equity interests or create or permit to be created any pledges without the prior written consent of WFOEs. The equity interest pledge agreement will remain valid until the master exclusive service agreement and the relevant exclusive option agreements and proxy and power of attorney agreements, expire or terminate.
Master Exclusive Service Agreement
Pursuant to exclusive service agreement, WFOEs have the exclusive right to provide the VIE with technical support, consulting services and other services. WFOEs shall exclusively own any intellectual property arising from the performance of the agreement. During the term of this agreement, the VIE may not accept any services covered by this agreement provided by any third party. The VIE agree to pay service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of the WFOEs. The agreement will remain effective unless WFOEs terminate the agreement in writing.
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Risks in relation to the VIE structure
Muliang Viagoo believes that the contractual arrangements with the VIE and their current shareholders are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit Muliang Viagoo’s ability to enforce the contractual arrangements. If the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:
| ● | Revoke the business and operating licenses of Muliang Viagoo’s PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities; |
| ● | Discontinue or restrict the operations of any related-party transactions among Muliang Viagoo’s PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities; |
| ● | Impose fines or other requirements on Muliang Viagoo’s PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities; |
| ● | Require Muliang Viagoo’s PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities to revise the relevant ownership structure or restructure operations; and/or; |
| ● | Restrict or prohibit Muliang Viagoo’s use of the proceeds of the additional public offering to finance Muliang Viagoo’s business and operations in China; |
| ● | Shut down Muliang Viagoo’s servers or blocking Muliang Viagoo’s online platform; |
| ● | Discontinue or place restrictions or onerous conditions on Muliang Viagoo’s operations; and/or |
| ● | Require Muliang Viagoo to undergo a costly and disruptive restructuring. |
Muliang Viagoo’s ability to conduct its business may be negatively affected if the PRC government were to carry out any of the aforementioned actions. As a result, Muliang Viagoo may not be able to consolidate the VIE in its consolidated financial statements as it may lose the ability to exert effective control over the VIE and its shareholders, and it may lose the ability to receive economic benefits from the VIE. Muliang Viagoo currently does not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC government would result in the liquidation of the Company, WFOEs, or the VIE.
The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the VIE and their subsidiaries, which are included in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions:
Under the VIE Arrangements, Muliang Viagoo has the power to direct activities of the VIE and can have assets transferred out of the VIE. Therefore, Muliang Viagoo considers that there is no asset in the VIE that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIE, except for assets that correspond to the amount of the registered capital and PRC statutory reserves, if any. As the VIE are incorporated as limited liability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the general credit of Muliang Viagoo for any of the liabilities of the VIE.
Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires Muliang Viagoo to provide additional financial support to the VIE. However, as Muliang Viagoo conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses held by the VIE, Muliang Viagoo has provided and will continue to provide financial support to the VIE.
Revenue-producing assets held by the VIE include certain internet content provision (“ICP”) licenses and other licenses, domain names and trademarks. The ICP licenses and other licenses are required under relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations for the operation of internet businesses in the PRC, and therefore are integral to Muliang Viagoo’s operations. The ICP licenses require that core PRC trademark registrations and domain names are held by the VIE that provide the relevant services.
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Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. Accordingly, the 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang, and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates required by management include the recoverability of long-lived assets and the valuation of inventories. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Accounts Receivable
We state accounts receivable at cost, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. Based on our experience and current practice in the PRC, management provides a 100% allowance for doubtful accounts equivalent to those not collected within one year and 50% for receivables outstanding for longer than six months. Management believes that the current bad debt allowance adequately reflects an appropriate estimate based on management’s judgment.
Inventory Valuation
We value our fertilizer inventories at the lower of cost, determined on a weighted average basis, and net realizable value (the estimated market price). Substantially all inventory expenses, packaging, and supplies are valued by the weighted average method.
Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.
Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period, nor did it result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.
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Revenue for the sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable considerations. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered, and customer acceptance is made.
Revenue for logistics-related services is derived from Viagoo subsidiaries. Through an online service platform, the company provides the operation management service to support customers. For VTM service, revenue is charged to carriers based on a certain percentage of the freight charges. For VES service, revenue is recognized based on monthly subscriptions by vehicles and by users. For system integration service, revenue is recognized over time based on the progress of the project and annual maintenance service.
Pursuant to the guidance of ASC Topic 840, rent shall be reported as income by lessors over the lease term as it becomes receivable. The Company currently leased part of the building of the Shanghai new plant to third parties as a warehouse. Accordingly, the Company recognizes building leasing revenue over the beneficial period described by the agreement, as the revenue is realized or realizable and earned.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provision of FASB ASC 740-10, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
New Accounting Standards
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. For finance leases, a lessee is required to do the following:
| ● | Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position | |
| ● | Recognize interest on the lease liability separately from amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statement of comprehensive income | |
| ● | Classify repayments of the principal portion of the lease liability within financing activities and payments of interest on the lease liability and variable lease payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. |
For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following:
| ● | Recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position | |
| ● | Recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis | |
| ● | Classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. |
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In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 (ASU 2018-11), which amends ASC 842 so that entities may elect not to recast their comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”). ASU 2018-11 allows entities to change their date of initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption. In doing so, entities would:
| ● | Apply ASC 840 in the comparative periods. | |
| ● | Provide the disclosures required by ASC 840 for all periods that continue to be presented in accordance with ASC 840. | |
| ● | Recognize the effects of applying ASC 842 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the period of adoption. |
In addition, the FASB also issued a series of amendments to ASU 2016-02 that address the transition methods available and clarify the guidance for lessor costs and other aspects of the new lease standard.
The management has reviewed the accounting pronouncements and adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (topic 842) Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (topic 842)”. This ASU provides guidance regarding methodologies, documentation, and internal controls related to expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company believes that no other accounting standards were recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Results of Operations
We are principally engaged in the organic fertilizer manufacture and distribution business in the PRC, which account for 87.1% of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019 and continuing in the year of 2020, the Company’s businesses, results of operations, financial position and cash flows were adversely affected in 2020. However, the COVID-19 was under control for the six months ended June 30, 2022 in China. And we are growing our revenue steadily currently and will keep growing through 2022.
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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Fluctuation | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| Revenues-fertilizer | 1,093,541 | 2,336,367 | (1,242,826 | ) | -53.2 | % | ||||||||||
| Reveues-logistic | 95,885 | 226,185 | (130,300 | ) | -57.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Subtoal of revenue | 1,189,426 | 2,562,552 | (1,373,126 | ) | -53.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Cost-fertilizer | 549,534 | 1,372,824 | (823,290 | ) | -60.0 | % | ||||||||||
| Cost- logistic | 59,822 | 134,380 | (74,558 | ) | -55.5 | % | ||||||||||
| Subtotal of cost | 609,356 | 1,507,204 | (897,848 | ) | -59.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Gross profit | 580,070 | 1,055,348 | (475,278 | ) | -45.0 | % | ||||||||||
| Gross margin | 48.77 | % | 41.18 | % | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 136,663 | 380,564 | (243,901 | ) | -64.1 | % | ||||||||||
| Selling expenses | 82,989 | 137,884 | (54,895 | ) | -39.8 | % | ||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 219,652 | 518,448 | (298,796 | ) | -57.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Income(loss) from operations | 360,418 | 536,900 | (176,482 | ) | -32.9 | % | ||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (34,299 | ) | (48,807 | ) | 14,508 | -29.7 | % | |||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | (22,216 | ) | 50,432 | (72,648 | ) | -144.1 | % | |||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | (56,515 | ) | 1,625 | (58,140 | ) | -3577.8 | % | |||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 303,903 | 538,525 | (234,622 | ) | -43.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Income taxes | 5,466 | - | 5,466 | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 298,437 | 538,525 | (240,088 | ) | -44.6 | % | ||||||||||
Revenue
Total revenue for fertilizer decreased from $2,336,367 for the three months ended June 30, 2021, to $1,093,541 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, which represented a decrease of $1,242,826, or approximately 53.2%. The decrease in revenue was mainly due to the continuing impact of COVID-19. Traditionally, we experience some seasonality in our sales. We tend to sell more fertilizer products in the second half of the year. Additionally, there has been a general recovery in the economy after the height of the pandemic. We expect to see a trend of improving sales as the epidemic moves further into the past.
Our revenue for logistic also decreased from $226,185 for the three months ended June 30, 2021, to $95,885 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, which represented a decrease of $130,300, or approximately 57.6%.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales for fertilizer decreased from $1,372,824 for the three months ended June 30, 2021, to $549,534 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, which represented a decrease of approximately $823,290, or 60.0%. The decrease in the cost of revenue for fertilizer was in line with the decrease in revenue.
Cost of sales for logistic decreased from $134,380 for the three months ended June 30, 2021, to $59,822 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, which represented a decrease of approximately $74,558, or 55.5%. The decrease in the cost of revenue for logistic was in line with the decrease in revenue.
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Expenses
We incurred $82,989 in selling expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $137,884 for the three months ended June 30, 2021. We incurred $136,663 in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $380,564 for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Total selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $298,796, or 57.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021. Our selling expenses decreased by $54,895, and our general and administrative expenses decreased by $243,901. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in the near future if we successfully complete our public offering.
Interest income (expense)
We incurred $34,299 in interest expense during the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared with interest expense of $48,807 for the three months ended June 30, 2021.
Net income
Our net income was $298,437 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared with a net income of $538,525 for the three months ended June 30, 2021, representing a decrease of $240,088.
Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021
| Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Fluctuation | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| Revenues-fertilizer | 3,038,749 | 3,721,181 | (682,432 | ) | -18.3 | % | ||||||||||
| Reveues-logistic | 450,752 | 410,338 | 40,414 | 9.8 | % | |||||||||||
| Reveues-others | - | 120 | (120 | ) | -100.0 | % | ||||||||||
| Subtoal of revenue | 3,489,501 | 4,131,639 | (642,138 | ) | -15.5 | % | ||||||||||
| Cost-fertilizer | 1,681,224 | 2,176,053 | (494,829 | ) | -22.7 | % | ||||||||||
| Cost- logistic | 258,404 | 231,903 | 26,501 | 11.4 | % | |||||||||||
| Cost- others | - | 89 | (89 | ) | -100.0 | % | ||||||||||
| Subtotal of cost | 1,939,628 | 2,408,045 | (468,417 | ) | -19.5 | % | ||||||||||
| Gross profit | 1,549,873 | 1,723,594 | (173,721 | ) | -10.1 | % | ||||||||||
| Gross margin | 44.42 | % | 41.72 | % | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 586,234 | 709,256 | (123,022 | ) | -17.3 | % | ||||||||||
| Selling expenses | 120,597 | 209,404 | (88,807 | ) | -42.4 | % | ||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 706,831 | 918,660 | (211,829 | ) | -23.1 | % | ||||||||||
| Income(loss) from operations | 843,042 | 804,934 | 38,108 | 4.7 | % | |||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (77,566 | ) | (65,645 | ) | (11,921 | ) | 18.2 | % | ||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | 1,542 | 59,740 | (58,198 | ) | -97.4 | % | ||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | (76,024 | ) | (5,905 | ) | (70,119 | ) | 1187.5 | % | ||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 767,018 | 799,029 | (32,011 | ) | -4.0 | % | ||||||||||
| Income taxes | 6,406 | - | 6,406 | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 760,612 | 799,029 | (38,417 | ) | -4.8 | % | ||||||||||
Revenue
Total revenue for fertilizer decreased from $3,721,181 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to $3,038,749 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which represented a decrease of $682,432, or approximately 18.3%. The decrease in revenue was mainly due to the continuing impact of COVID-19. Traditionally, we experience some seasonality in our sales. We tend to sell more fertilizer products in the second half of the year. Additionally, there has been a general recovery in the economy after the height of the pandemic. We expect to see a trend of improving sales as the epidemic moves further into the past.
Our revenue for logistic also decreased from $410,338 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to $450,752 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which represented an increase of $40,414, or approximately 9.8%.
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Cost of sales
Cost of sales for fertilizer decreased from $2,176,053 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to $1,681,224 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which represented a decrease of approximately $494,829, or 22.7%. The decrease in the cost of revenue for fertilizer was in line with the decrease in revenue.
Cost of sales for logistic increased from $231,903 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to $258,404 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which represented an increase of approximately $26,501, or 11.4%. The increase in the cost of revenue for logistic was in line with the increase in revenue.
Gross profit
The gross profit for fertilizer decreased from $1,545,128 for the six months ended June 31, 2021, to a gross profit of $1,357,525 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. And the gross margin for fertilizer slightly increased from 41.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to 44.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
The gross profit for logistic increased from $178,435 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to a gross profit of $192,348 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. And the gross margin for logistic decreased from 43.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to 42.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2022
Expenses
We incurred $120,597 in selling expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $209,404 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. We incurred $586,234 in general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $709,256 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Total selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $211,829, or 23.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021. Our selling expenses decreased by $88,807, and our general and administrative expenses decreased by $123,022. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in the near future if we successfully complete our public offering.
Interest income (expense)
We incurred $77,566 in interest expense during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared with interest expense of $65,645 for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Net income
Our net income was $760,612 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared with a net income of $799,029 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, representing a decrease of $38,417.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on a going concern basis. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 our net current assets (working capital) were $6,274,712 and $5,403,720, respectively.
We have financed our operations over the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 primarily through proceeds from net cash inflow from operations.
The components of cash flows are discussed below:
| Six Months Ended | ||||||||
| June 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 121,069 | $ | 3,618,813 | ||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (27,857 | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (266,408 | ) | (3,974,127 | ) | ||||
| Exchange rate effect on cash | 195,978 | 62,146 | ) | |||||
| Net cash inflow (outflow) | $ | 22,782 | $ | (293,168 | ) | |||
44
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $121,069 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The net cash inflow consisted primarily of net income of $760,612, depreciation and amortization of $311,998, an increase of $2,282,413 in account payable, a decrease of $527,517 in account receivable, a bad debt provision of $350,169, which were offset by an increase of $1,525,324 in prepayment, an increase of $1,908,767 in inventory, a decrease of $205,385 in advance from customers, and a decrease of $529,642 in other payable.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $3,618,813 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The net cash inflow consisted primarily of net income of $799,029, depreciation and amortization of $284,392, a decrease of $4,028,765 in account receivable, a decrease of $10,723,849 in other receivable, which were offset by an increase of $3,842,909 in prepayment, a decrease of $5,540,309 in accounts payable and accrued payables, and a decrease of $2,942,573 in other payable.
Cash used in Investing Activities
The Company purchased office euipment in amount of $27,857 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. There is no cash flow in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Cash Used in Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $266,408 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. During the period, cash used in financing activities mainly consisted of the repayment to related parties of $267,034 and offset by proceeds from short-term loan of $ 626.
Net cash used in financing activities was $3,974,127 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. During the period, cash used in financing activities mainly consisted of the proceeds from related parties of $629,490, and repayment of short-term loan of $4,603,617.
We anticipate that our current cash reserves plus cash from our operating activities will not be sufficient to meet our ongoing obligations and fund our operations for the next twelve months. As a result, we will need to seek additional funding in the near future. We currently do not have a specific plan of how we will obtain such funding; however, we anticipate that additional funding will be in the form of equity financing from the sale of shares of our common stock or renewing our current obligations with lenders. We may also seek to obtain short-term loans from our directors or unrelated parties. Additional funding may not be available, or at acceptable terms, to us at this time. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be required to reduce the scope of our business development activities, which could harm our business plans, financial condition and operating results.
Contractual Commitments and Commitments for Capital Expenditure
Contractual Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at June 30, 2022 and the effect those obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods.
| Payments Due by Period as of June 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 Year | 2 – 3 Years | 4 – 5 Years | Over 5 Years | ||||||||||||||||
| Contractual obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 1,159,821 | $ | 1,108,810 | $ | 51,011, | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Others | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,159,821 | $ | 1,108,810 | $ | 51,011 | $ | - | $ | - | |||||||||||
45
Commitments for Capital Expenditure
There were no non-cancelable commitments for capital expenditure as of June 30, 2022.
Off Balance Sheet Items
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that we are required to disclose pursuant to these regulations. In the ordinary course of business, we enter into operating lease commitments, purchase commitments and other contractual obligations. These transactions are recognized in our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Not applicable because we are a smaller reporting company.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), the Company carried out an evaluation, with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) (the Company’s principal financial and accounting officer), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of June 30, 2022 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022, there has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. We will continue to monitor the deficiencies identified in internal controls and make changes that our management deems necessary.
46
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
There are no actions, suits, proceedings, inquiries or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of our company or any of our subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting our company that are outside the ordinary course of business or in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Not applicable because we are a smaller reporting company.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
There were no unregistered sales of the Company’s equity securities during the six months ended June 30, 2022 that were not otherwise disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
There has been no default in the payment of principal, interest, sinking or purchase fund instalment, or any other material default, with respect to any indebtedness of the Company.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
There is no other information required to be disclosed under this item which was not previously disclosed.
Item 6. Exhibits.
| Exhibit Number | Description | |
| 31.1 | Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
| 31.2 | Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
| 32.1+ | Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
| 32.2+ | Certifications of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document. | |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
| + | In accordance with the SEC Release 33-8238, deemed being furnished and not filed. |
47
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Date: August 17, 2022 | MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. | |
| By: | /s/ Lirong Wang | |
| Name: | Lirong Wang | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| By: | /s/ Shaw Cheng “David” Chong | |
| Name: | Shaw Cheng “David” Chong | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
| (Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
48
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Lirong Wang, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. | ||
| Dated: August 17, 2022 | By: | /s/ Lirong Wang |
| Lirong Wang | ||
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. | ||
| Dated: August 17, 2022 | By: | /s/ Shaw Cheng “David” Chong |
| Shaw Cheng “David” Chong | ||
| Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Quarterly Report”), Lirong Wang, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Sec. 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that:
| 1. | The Quarterly Report, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| 2. | The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. | ||
| Dated: August 17, 2022 | By: | /s/ Lirong Wang |
| Lirong Wang | ||
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Quarterly Report”), Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Sec. 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that:
| 1. | The Quarterly Report, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| 2. | The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. | ||
| Dated: August 17, 2022 | By: | /s/ Shaw Cheng “David” Chong |
| Shaw Cheng “David” Chong | ||
| Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized | 500,000,000 | 500,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares issued | 38,502,954 | 38,502,954 |
| Common stock, shares outstanding | 38,502,954 | 38,502,954 |
| Series A Preferred Stock | ||
| Preferred Stock, par value (in Dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Preferred Stock, shares authorized | 30,000,000 | 30,000,000 |
| Preferred Stock, shares issued | 19,000,000 | 19,000,000 |
| Preferred Stock, shares outstanding | 19,000,000 | 19,000,000 |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Income Statement [Abstract] | ||||
| Revenues | $ 1,189,426 | $ 2,562,552 | $ 3,489,501 | $ 4,131,639 |
| Cost of goods sold | 609,356 | 1,507,204 | 1,939,628 | 2,408,045 |
| Gross profit (loss) | $ 580,070 | $ 1,055,348 | $ 1,549,873 | $ 1,723,594 |
| Gross profit, percentage | 48.77% | 41.18% | 44.42% | 41.72% |
| Operating expenses: | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | $ 136,663 | $ 380,564 | $ 586,234 | $ 709,256 |
| Selling expenses | 82,989 | 137,884 | 120,597 | 209,404 |
| Total operating expenses | 219,652 | 518,448 | 706,831 | 918,660 |
| Income (Loss) from operations | 360,418 | 536,900 | 843,042 | 804,934 |
| Other income (expense): | ||||
| Interest expense | (34,299) | (48,807) | (77,566) | (65,645) |
| Other income (expense), net | (22,216) | 50,432 | 1,542 | 59,740 |
| Total other income (expense) | (56,515) | 1,625 | (76,024) | (5,905) |
| Income (Loss) before income taxes | 303,903 | 538,525 | 767,018 | 799,029 |
| Income taxes | 940 | 6,406 | ||
| Net income | 302,963 | 538,525 | 760,612 | 799,029 |
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 2,349 | 1,531 | 2,237 | 1,900 |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. common stockholders | 300,614 | 536,994 | 758,375 | 797,129 |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment | (774,785) | 219,108 | (411,683) | 171,298 |
| Total Comprehensive loss | (471,823) | 757,633 | 348,928 | 970,327 |
| Total comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolliing interests | (1,101) | 2,994 | 283 | 2,322 |
| Total comprehensive (income) loss attributable to Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. common stockholders | $ (470,722) | $ 754,639 | $ 348,645 | $ 968,005 |
| Earnings per common share | ||||
| Basic and diluted (in Dollars per share) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 | $ 0.02 | $ 0.02 |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding | ||||
| Basic (in Shares) | 38,502,954 | 38,502,954 | 38,502,954 | 38,502,954 |
| Diluted (in Shares) | 38,502,954 | 38,502,954 | 38,502,954 | 38,502,954 |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Income Statement [Abstract] | ||||
| Earnings per common share, diluted | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 | $ 0.02 | $ 0.02 |
Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
Series A
Preferred Stock
|
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Non-controlling Interest |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2020 | $ 1,900 | $ 3,850 | $ 19,933,793 | $ (8,596,332) | $ 1,128,351 | $ 129,841 | $ 12,601,403 |
| Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020 | 19,000,000 | 38,502,954 | |||||
| Net income | 797,129 | 1,900 | 799,029 | ||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | 170,876 | 422 | 171,298 | ||||
| Balance at Jun. 30, 2021 | $ 1,900 | $ 3,850 | 19,933,793 | (7,799,203) | 1,299,227 | 132,163 | 13,571,730 |
| Balance (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2021 | 19,000,000 | 38,502,954 | |||||
| Net income | 922,976 | 9,172 | 932,148 | ||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | 201,500 | 2,479 | 203,979 | ||||
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 | $ 1,900 | $ 3,850 | 19,933,793 | (6,876,227) | 1,500,727 | 143,814 | 14,707,857 |
| Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 | 19,000,000 | 38,502,954 | |||||
| Net income | 758,375 | 2,237 | 760,612 | ||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (413,637) | (1,954) | (415,591) | ||||
| Balance at Jun. 30, 2022 | $ 1,900 | $ 3,850 | $ 19,933,793 | $ (6,117,852) | $ 1,087,090 | $ 144,097 | $ 15,052,878 |
| Balance (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2022 | 19,000,000 | 38,502,954 |
Organization and Nature of Operations |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | |
| Organization and Nature of Operations [Abstract] | |
| ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS | NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc (“Muliang Viagoo”), formerly known as M & A Holding Corporation., Mullan Agritech Inc., and Muliang Agritech Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on November 5, 2014. Muliang Viagoo’s core business activities of developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry are conducted through several indirectly owned subsidiaries in China.
On June 9, 2016, M & A Holding Corporation filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”
On July 11, 2016, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) effected in the marketplace the change of the corporate name from “M & A Holding Corporation” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.” and effective on such date.
On April 4, 2019, the Company changed its corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Agritech Inc.” The name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”.
On June 26, 2020, Muliang Agritech, Inc. filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”. The Company will trade under the new name upon approval by FINRA.
History
Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. (referred to herein as “Muliang Industry”) was incorporated in PRC on December 7, 2006 as a limited liability company, owned 95% by Lirong Wang and 5% by Zongfang Wang. Muliang Industry through its own operations and subsidiaries is engaged in developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry.
On May 27, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into and consummated an equity purchase agreement whereby it acquired 99% of the outstanding equity of Weihai Fukang Bio-Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Fukang”), a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. Fukang was incorporated in Weihai City, Shandong Province on January 6, 2009. Fukang is focused on the distribution of organic fertilizers and the development of new bio-organic fertilizers. As a result of the completion of the transaction, Fukang became a 99% owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry, with the remaining 1% equity interest owned by Mr. Hui Song.
On July 11, 2013, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agritech Development Co., Ltd. (“Agritech Development”) in Shanghai, China. On November 6, 2013, Muliang Industry sold 40% of the outstanding equity of Agritech Development to Mr. Jianping Zhang for consideration of approximately $65,000 or RMB 400,000. Agritech Development does not currently conduct any operations.
On July 17, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into an equity purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Zongbao”) with consideration of approximately $3.2 million or RMB 20 million, effectively becoming the wholly-owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry. Shanghai Zongbao was incorporated in Shanghai on January 25, 2008. Shanghai Zongbao processes and distributes organic fertilizers. Shanghai Zongbao wholly owns Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. Cangzhou Branch (“Zongbao Cangzhou”).
On August 21, 2014, Muliang Agricultural Limited (“Muliang HK”) was incorporated in Hong Kong as an investment holding company.
January 27, 2015, Muliang HK incorporated a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd (“Shanghai Mufeng”), in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).
On July 8, 2015, Muliang Viagoo entered into certain stock purchase agreement with Muliang HK, pursuant to which Muliang Viagoo, for a consideration of $5,000, acquired 100% interest in Muliang HK and its wholly-owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Both Muliang HK and Shanghai Mufeng are controlled by the Company’s sole officer and director, Lirong Wang.
On July 23, 2015, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agricultural Sales Co., Ltd. (“Muliang Sales”) in Shanghai, China.
On September 3, 2015, Muliang Viagoo effected a split of its outstanding common stock resulting in an aggregate of 150,525,000 shares outstanding, of which 120,000,000 were owned by Chenxi Shi, the founder of Muliang Viagoo and its sole officer and director. The remaining 30,525,000 were held by a total of 39 investors.
On January 11, 2016, Muliang Viagoo issued 129,475,000 shares of its common stock to Lirong Wang for an aggregate consideration of $64,737.50. On the same date, Chenxi Shi, the sole officer and director of Muliang Viagoo, transferred 120,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company held by him to Lirong Wang for $800 pursuant to a transfer agreement.
On February 10, 2016, Shanghai Mufeng entered into a set of contractual agreements known as Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) Agreements, including (1) Exclusive Technical Consulting and Service Agreement, (2) Equity Pledge Agreement, and (3) Call Option Cooperation Agreement, with Muliang Industry, and its Principal Shareholders. As a result of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the set of VIE Agreements, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries became entities controlled by Muliang Viagoo, whereby Muliang Viagoo would derive all substantial economic benefits generated by Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries.
As a result, Muliang Viagoo has a direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Muliang HK, and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. In addition, through its VIE Agreements, Muliang Viagoo exercises control over Muliang Industry. Muliang Industry has two wholly-owned subsidiaries (Shanghai Zongbao and Muliang Sales), one 99% owned subsidiary (Fukang), one 60% owned subsidiary (Agritech Development), and one indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary Zongbao Cangzhou.
On June 6, 2016, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, namely, Muliang (Ningling) Bio-chemical Fertilizer Co. Ltd (“Ningling Fertilizer”) in Henan Province. Ningling Fertilizer is set up for a new production line of bio-chemical fertilizer and has not begun any operation yet.
On July 7, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Zhonglian Huinong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhonglian”) in Beijing City, China. Muliang Industry owns 65% shares of Zhonglian, and a third-party company, Zhongrui Huilian (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd, owns the other 35% shares. Zhonglian is to develop and operate an online agricultural products trading platform.
On October 27, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, Yunnan Muliang Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd (“Yunnan Muliang”) in Yunnan Province, China. Muliang Industry owns 55% shares of Yunnan Muliang, and a third-party company, Shuangbai County Development Investment Co., Ltd., owns the other 45% shares. Yunnan Muliang was set up for the sales development of West China.
On October 12, 2017, the Company canceled the registration of Ningling with the administrative authorities for Industry and Commerce. Ningling has historically been reported as a component of our operations and incurred $33,323 to loss before income taxes provisions for the year ended December 31, 2017. The termination does not constitute a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations or financial results. As such, the termination is not classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements.
On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo. Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.
Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.
On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, the change of corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Agritech Inc.”, and the creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock.
On April 5, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Name Change and to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the Company’s capital stock consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences, or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.
On April 16, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares are to be rounded up to whole shares. The reverse stock split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.
The reverse stock split and the name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG.”
On June 19, 2020, Muliang Agritech Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo.
On June 26, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”
Viagoo is a Singapore-based logistics sharing platform that enables shippers and carriers to share and optimize resources to lower costs and increase efficiency. From last-mile delivery to cross-border transportation, the platform provides digital transaction contracts for customers to source for service providers to deliver goods and services conveniently. Viagoo partners with various Singapore agencies to promote the platform to support urban logistics need in Singapore, such as Enterprise Singapore, a government agency to support Singapore small and medium businesses, and Singapore Logistics Association.
Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share. The Company recognized $673,278 in goodwill as a result of this transaction.
Management determined that the results of operations of Viagoo from June 19, 2020, to June 30, 2020, were not material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and as a result, has excluded them from the Company’s consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, and Viagoo are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.
The consolidated financial statements were prepared assuming that the Company has controlled Muliang HK and its intermediary holding companies, operating subsidiaries, and variable interest entities: Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Heilongjiang, and Agritech Development, from the first period presented. The transactions detailed above have been accounted for as reverse takeover transactions and a recapitalization of the Company; accordingly, the Company (the legal acquirer) is considered the accounting acquiree, and Muliang HK (the legal acquiree) is considered the accounting acquirer. No goodwill has been recorded for these transactions. As a result of this transaction, the Company is deemed to be a continuation of the business of Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, and Muliang Industry.
Liquidity and Going Concern
As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we had a net income of $760,612 and $799,029 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Our cash balances as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were $60,795 and $38,013, respectively. We had current liabilities of $14,558,935 and $13,770,110 on June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, which would be due within the next 12 months. In addition, we had a net current assets (working capital) of $6,362,711 and $5,403,720 at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
According to the normal operation, the company does not have problems with business sustainability. But the new covid-19 pandemic from the beginning of 2020 greatly impacts the company’s operation. In 2021, the company’s sales had declined, and the recovery of accounts receivable was slow. As a result, the Company has taken the following measures :(1) while actively opening up new markets and new customers, the Company have increased the collection of accounts receivable and strive to control the turnover days of accounts receivable to be within 90 days at the end of 2022;(2) In 2021, the company has completed the disposal of Shanghai industrial land transfer transaction and paid off all loans.
Because the company is gradually recovering the accounts receivables affected by the Covid-19, and the sales are gradually returning to the normal level, the company’s current cash revenue and expenditure are normal, which did not affect the normal operation. Now, after Covid-19, the company has no problems with business sustainability. IPO financing will be used for new investments to expand the operating scale and does not affect the existing operating scale. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. However, the basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Therefore, the differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).
Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) applicable to interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosure required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been included. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. Not all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial statements are presented. The interim financial statements follow the same accounting policies and methods of computations as the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, land use rights, assumptions used in assessing the collectability of receivables, and impairment for long-term assets.
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs, including the VIEs’ subsidiaries, for which Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary.
All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and the VIEs’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
As PRC laws and regulations welcome to invest in organic fertilizer industry businesses, Muliang Viagoo operates its fertilizer business in the PRC through Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries, which are collectively referred as the “WFOEs”.
By entering into a series of agreements (the “VIE Agreements”), Muliang Viagoo, through WFOEs, obtained control over Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries (collectively referred as “VIEs”). The VIE Agreements enable Muliang Viagoo to (1) have power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIEs, and (2) receive the economic benefits of the VIEs that could be significant to the VIEs. Accordingly, Muliang Viagoo is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and has consolidated the VIEs’ financial results of operations, assets and liabilities in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements. In making the conclusion that Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, Muliang Viagoo’s rights under the Power of Attorney also provide Muliang Viagoo’s abilities to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. Muliang Viagoo also believes that this ability to exercise control ensures that the VIEs will continue to execute and renew the Master Exclusive Service Agreement and pay service fees to Muliang Viagoo. By charging service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of Muliang Viagoo, and by ensuring that the Master Exclusive Service Agreement is executed and remains effective, Muliang Viagoo has the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs.
Comparative VIE financials, are set forth below:
Quantitative Metrics of the VIE, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd.are set forth below:
For the six months ended June 30, 2022
Note 1 The investment refers to the acquisition of 100% shares of Viagoo Pte Ltd, paid in 1,011,000 shares on June 19, 2020, by the Company
Note 2 The Company’s shareholders would not hold any ownership interest, direct or indirect, in the operating company in China, i.e. the VIE, and would merely have a contractual relationship with the VIE.
Note 3 The intercompany balances of $8,815,769 between the WOFE and the VIE arising from the service fee income payable to the WOFE by the VIE; the intercompany balances do not include any loans between the WOFE and the VIE. The amount is accumulated from the date that the VIE agreements when into effect on February 16, 2016. As the Company has disclosed, the VIE has not paid amounts in cash or other means to settle the payables balances owed by the VIE to the WOFE.
VIE Agreements that were entered to give Muliang Viagoo effective control over the VIEs include:
Voting Rights Proxy Agreement and Irrevocable Power of Attorney
Under which each shareholder of the VIEs grant to any person designated by WFOEs to act as its attorney-in-fact to exercise all shareholder rights under PRC law and the relevant articles of association, including but not limited to, appointing directors, supervisors and officers of the VIEs as well as the right to sell, transfer, pledge and dispose all or a portion of the equity interest held by such shareholders of the VIEs. The proxy and power of attorney agreements will remain effective as long as WFOEs exist. The shareholders of the VIEs do not have the right to terminate the proxy agreements or revoke the appointment of the attorney-in-fact without written consent of the WFOEs.
Exclusive Option Agreement
Under which each shareholder of the VIEs granted 9F or any third party designated by 9F the exclusive and irrevocable right to purchase from such shareholders of the VIEs, to the extent permitted by PRC law and regulations, all or part of their respective equity interests in the VIEs for a purchase price equal to the registered capital. The shareholders of the VIEs will then return the purchase price to 9F or any third party designated by 9F after the option is exercised. 9F may transfer all or part of its option to a third party at its own option. The VIEs and its shareholders agree that without prior written consent of 9F, they may not transfer or otherwise dispose the equity interests or declare any dividends. The restated option agreement will remain effective until 9F or any third party designated by 9F acquires all equity interest of the VIEs. Spousal Consent
The spouse of each shareholder of the VIEs has entered into a spousal consent letter to acknowledge that he or she consents to the disposition of the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIEs in accordance with the exclusive option agreement, the power of attorney and the equity pledge agreement regarding VIE structure described above, and any other supplemental agreement(s) may be consented by his or her spouse from time to time. Each such spouse further agrees that he or she will not take any action or raise any claim to interfere with the arrangements contemplated under the mentioned agreements. In addition, each such spouse further acknowledges that any right or interest in the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIEs do not constitute property jointly owned with his or her spouse and each such spouse unconditionally and irrevocably waives any right or interest in such equity interests.
Loan Agreement
Pursuant to the loan agreements between WFOEs and each shareholder of the VIEs, WFOEs extended loans to the shareholders of the VIEs, who had contributed the loan principal to the VIEs as registered capital. The shareholders of VIEs may repay the loans only by transferring their respective equity interests in VIEs to 9F Inc. or its designated person(s) pursuant to the exclusive option agreements. These loan agreements will remain effective until the date of full performance by the parties of their respective obligations thereunder.
VIE Agreements that enables Muliang Viagoo to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs include:
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement
Pursuant to equity interest pledge agreement, each shareholder of the VIEs has pledged all of his or her equity interest held in the VIEs to WFOEs to secure the performance by VIEs and their shareholders of their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, including the payments due to WFOEs for services provided. In the event that the VIEs breach any obligations under these agreements, WFOEs as the pledgees, will be entitled to request immediate disposal of the pledged equity interests and have priority to be compensated by the proceeds from the disposal of the pledged equity interests. The shareholders of the VIEs shall not transfer their equity interests or create or permit to be created any pledges without the prior written consent of WFOEs. The equity interest pledge agreement will remain valid until the master exclusive service agreement and the relevant exclusive option agreements and proxy and power of attorney agreements, expire or terminate.
Master Exclusive Service Agreement
Pursuant to exclusive service agreement, WFOEs have the exclusive right to provide the VIEs with technical support, consulting services and other services. WFOEs shall exclusively own any intellectual property arising from the performance of the agreement. During the term of this agreement, the VIEs may not accept any services covered by this agreement provided by any third party. The VIEs agree to pay service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of the WFOEs. The agreement will remain effective unless WFOEs terminate the agreement in writing.
Risks in relation to the VIE structure
Muliang viagoo believes that the contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their current shareholders are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit Muliang Viagoo’s ability to enforce the contractual arrangements. If the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:
Muliang Viagoo’s ability to conduct its business may be negatively affected if the PRC government were to carry out any of the aforementioned actions. As a result, Muliang Viagoo may not be able to consolidate the VIEs in its consolidated financial statements as it may lose the ability to exert effective control over the VIEs and its shareholders, and it may lose the ability to receive economic benefits from the VIEs. Muliang Viagoo currently does not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC government would result in the liquidation of the Company, WFOEs, or the VIEs.
The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the VIEs and their subsidiaries, which are included in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions:
Under the VIE Arrangements, Muliang Viagoo has the power to direct activities of the VIEs and can have assets transferred out of the VIEs. Therefore, Muliang Viagoo considers that there is no asset in the VIEs that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIEs, except for assets that correspond to the amount of the registered capital and PRC statutory reserves, if any. As the VIEs are incorporated as limited liability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of Muliang Viagoo for any of the liabilities of the VIEs.
Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires Muliang Viagoo to provide additional financial support to the VIEs. However, as Muliang Viagoo conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses held by the VIEs, Muliang Viagoo has provided and will continue to provide financial support to the VIEs.
Revenue-producing assets held by the VIEs include certain internet content provision (“ICP”) licenses and other licenses, domain names and trademarks. The ICP licenses and other licenses are required under relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations for the operation of internet businesses in the PRC, and therefore are integral to Muliang Viagoo’s operations. The ICP licenses require that core PRC trademark registrations and domain names are held by the VIEs that provide the relevant services.
Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. Accordingly, the 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang, and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. In addition, the Company maintains cash with various financial institutions.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, current creditworthiness, and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.
Inventories
Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in process, and finished goods related to the Company’s products are stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the weighted average method.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.
Included in property and equipment is construction-in-progress, which consists of factory improvements and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the construction period or installation of the assets. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.
Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:
The apple orchard includes rental of an apple farm, labor cost, fertilizers, apple seeds, apple seedlings, etc. The costs to purchase and cultivate apple trees and the expenditures related to labor and materials to plant apple trees until they become commercially productive are capitalized, which require a two-year period. The estimated production life for an apple tree is 10 years, and the costs are depreciated without a residual value. Expenses incurred maintaining apple trees during the growth cycle until seedling apple trees, or grafted varieties are fruited are capitalized into inventory and included in Work in Process—apple orchard, a component of inventories.
Depreciation expenses pertaining to apple trees will be included in inventory costs for those apples to be sold and ultimately become a component of the cost of goods sold. Therefore, similar to other assets, the failure of our apple trees to be serviceable over the entirety of their anticipated useful lives or to be sold at their anticipated residual value will negatively impact our operating results.
Intangible Assets
Included in the intangible assets are land-use rights. According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Therefore, companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their lease terms or estimated useful life.
Estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:
The Company carries intangible assets at a cost less accumulated amortization. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of intangible assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 50 years for the land use rights.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company recorded no impairment charge for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021.
Advances from Customers
Advances from customers consist of prepayments from customers for merchandise that had not yet been shipped. The Company will recognize the deposits as revenue as customers take delivery of the goods and title to the assets is transferred to customers in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control is accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations. Upon loss of control, the interest sold and interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.
Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Accordingly, results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.
Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period, nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.
Revenue for the sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable consideration. Instead, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied, and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For the vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered and customer acceptance is made.
Revenue for logistics-related services is derived from Viagoo subsidiaries. Through an online service platform, the company provides the operation management service to support customers. For VTM service, revenue is charged to carriers based on a certain percentage of the freight charges. For VES service, revenue is recognized based on monthly subscriptions by vehicles and by users. For system integration service, revenue is recognized over time based on the progress of the project and annual maintenance service.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of raw materials, utility, and supply costs consumed in the manufacturing process, manufacturing labor, depreciation expense, and direct overhead expenses necessary to manufacture finished goods as well as warehousing and distribution costs such as inbound freight charges, shipping, and handling costs, purchasing and receiving costs.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which is an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns.
The Company is subject to the Enterprise Income Tax law (“EIT”) of the People’s Republic of China. The Company’s operations in producing and selling fertilizers are subject to the 25% enterprise income tax.
Related Parties
Parties are related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management, and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to the extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital, and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and unrealized gains from foreign currency translation adjustments.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”) and Singapore Dollar (“SGD”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). Results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income/loss. The translation adjustment for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021 was a loss of $411,683 and a gain of $171,298, respectively. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.
All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Accordingly, transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the Company’s results of operations.
For business in China, asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were translated at 6.6964 RMB to $1 USD and 6.3588 RMB to $1 USD, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021 were 6.4973 RMB and 6.4853 RMB to $1 USD, respectively.
For business in Singapore, asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were translated at 1.3911 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3493 SGD to $1 USD, respectively. The average translation rate applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2022,and 2021 was 1.3672 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3323 SGD to $1 USD, respectively.
Earnings (Loss) per Share
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share give effect to all dilutive potential of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, including stock options or warrants, using the treasury stock method (by using the average stock price for the period to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants), and convertible debt or convertible preferred stock, using the if-converted method. Earnings per share exclude all potential dilutive shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive securities on June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, and for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company adopted the guidance of ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements, which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, advances to suppliers, prepaid expenses, short-term loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, advances from customers, VAT and service taxes payable, and income taxes payable approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.
ASC Topic 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Accordingly, the Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.
The following table summarizes the carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments:
Government Contribution Plan
Pursuant to the laws applicable to PRC law, the Company is required to participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Company to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate based on the basic monthly compensation of qualified employees. The relevant local labor bureau is responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Company has no further commitments beyond its monthly contribution.
Statutory Reserve
Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC, the Company must make appropriations from after-tax profit to the non-distributable “statutory surplus reserve fund.” Subject to certain cumulative limits, the “statutory surplus reserve fund” requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax profit until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”) at each year-end). For foreign-invested enterprises and joint ventures in the PRC, annual appropriations should be made to the “reserve fund.” For foreign-invested enterprises, the annual appropriation for the “reserve fund” cannot be less than 10% of after-tax profits until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under PRC GAAP at each year-end). If the Company has accumulated loss from prior periods, the Company can use the current period net income after tax to offset against the accumulated loss.
Segment Information
The standard, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” codified with ASC-280, requires certain financial and supplementary information to be disclosed on an annual and interim basis for each reportable segment of an enterprise. The Company believes that it operates in two business segments, of which are geographically located in China and one in Singapore respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncement
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. For finance leases, a lessee is required to do the following:
For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following:
In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 (ASU 2018-11), which amends ASC 842 so that entities may elect not to recast their comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”). ASU 2018-11 allows entities to change their date of initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption. In doing so, entities would:
In addition, the FASB also issued a series of amendments to ASU 2016-02 that address the transition methods available and clarify the guidance for lessor costs and other aspects of the new lease standard.
The management has reviewed the accounting pronouncements and adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company believes that there were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. |
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Accounts Receivable |
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| Receivables [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE | NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consisted of the following:
The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. After evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company did not recognize bad debt allowance for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021. The allowance balance as of June 30, 2022 was carried forward from the prior period.
The novel coronavirus epidemic that began in the PRC at the beginning of 2020 has significantly impacted the operation of customers, resulting in delays in collecting outstanding receivables as of June 30, 2022. As of the date of this report, a majority of the Company’s customers have resumed normal operations. |
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Inventories |
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| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INVENTORIES | NOTE 4 – INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following:
The Company did not recognize a loss from inventory impairment for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021. |
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Prepayment |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2022 | |
| Prepayment Abstract | |
| PREPAYMENT | NOTE 5 – PREPAYMENT
The prepayment balance of $7,943,133 and $6,805,039 as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 respectively, represents the advances paid to suppliers for the purchase of raw materials to be delivered in the next operating period. |
Property, Plant and Equipment |
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| PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT | NOTE 6 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of:
For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, depreciation expense amounted to $295,695 and $268,058, respectively. Depreciation is not taken during the period of construction or equipment installation. Upon completion of the installation of manufacturing equipment or any construction in progress, construction in progress balances will be classified to their respective property and equipment category.
The construction in progress of $2,967,622 represents the investment of a black goat processing plant located in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, PRC. |
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Right of Use Assets |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2022 | |
| Right Of Use Assets Abstract | |
| RIGHT OF USE ASSETS | NOTE 7 – RIGHT OF USE ASSETS
The total balance of $1,203,750 as of June 30, 2022 represents the net value of two industrial land use rights located in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province. The total cost of land use rights is $1,389,397 and the accumulated amortization is $185,647. |
Deferred Tax Assets, Net |
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| DEFERRED TAX ASSETS, NET | NOTE 8 – DEFERRED TAX ASSETS, NET
The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:
Deferred taxation is calculated under the liability method in respect of taxation effect arising from all timing differences, which are expected with reasonable probability to realize in the foreseeable future. The Company’s subsidiary registered in the PRC is subject to income taxes within the PRC at the applicable tax rate. |
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Loans Payable |
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| LOANS PAYABLE | NOTE 9 – LOANS PAYABLE
Long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan consisted of the following:
As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s future loan obligations according to the terms of the loan agreement are as follows:
The Company recognized interest expenses of $77,566 and $65,645 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. |
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Stockholders Equity |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2022 | |
| Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract] | |
| STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY | NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Authorized Stock
The Company has authorized 500,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each common share entitles the holder to one vote, in person or proxy, on any matter on which action of the stockholders of the corporation is sought.
On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consisted of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock after the filling.
On October 30, 2019, 30,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.
Common Share Issuances
On June 29, 2018, the outstanding amount of $326,348 due to Mr. Wang, CEO, and Chairman of the Company, was converted into 43,200 shares of Common Shares at $ 7.55 per share.
On June 29, 2018, the Company issued 298,518 common shares of the Company at $7.55 for proceeds of $2,255,111 to Mr. Wang, CEO, and Chairman of the Company.
On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of the reverse stock split. The Stock Split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock.
On April 16, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Reverse stock Split. The reverse stock split took effect on May 7, 2019. The common shares outstanding have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.
On October 10, 2019, and November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were canceled and returned to treasury.
On June 19, 2020, Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo.
Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 1,011,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $2.80 per share.
On June 28, 2020, the Company issued 50,000 of restricted common stock as the compensation for Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, the new Chief Financial Officer of the Company.
On December 29, 2020, the Company issued 100,000 restricted common stock to two investors for US$280,000, valued at $2.80 per share.
As of the date of this report, there were 38,502,954 shares of common stock outstanding.
Blank Check Preferred Stock
On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved the creation of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences, or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.
On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock.
On October 30, 2019, 30,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.
Series A Preferred Stock
On October 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved to designate 30,000,000 shares as Series A Preferred Stock out of the 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, which the preferences and relative and other rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, shall be set forth in the discussion below under the “Series A Preferred Stock.” A certificate of designation for the Series A Preferred Stock was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on October 30, 2019.
The holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.
The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be subject to conversion into Common Stock or other equity authorized to be issued by the Corporation.
The holders of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have voting rights equal to ten (10) shares of Common Stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock.
On November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 19,000,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 19,000,000 shares of common stock were canceled and returned to the treasury.
As of the filing date, there were 19,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued outstanding. |
Related Party Transactions |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | NOTE 11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
*Due from related parties
The due from related parties balance of $788,981 represents the receivable from Mr. Lirong Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the increase of $72,260 resulted from the fluctuation of exchange rate.
For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company borrowed $2,395,252 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $1,783,417.
These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured unless further disclosed.
*Due to related parties
Outstanding balance due to Ms. Xueying Sheng and Mr. Guohua Lin below are advances to the Company as working capital. These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company borrowed $2,770 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $6,461. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company borrowed $6,939 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $4,318..
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company borrowed $0 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $13,121. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company borrowed $9,518 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $3,014. |
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Concentrations |
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| Concentrations [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CONCENTRATIONS | NOTE 12 – CONCENTRATIONS
Customer Concentrations
The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021.
Supplier Concentrations
The following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
Credit Risks
The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by the PRC’s political, economic, and legal environment and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. As a result, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. A significant portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose ability to pay is dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk. On June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:
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Income Taxes |
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| INCOME TAXES | NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES
United States
Muliang Viagoo was established in the State of Nevada in the United States and is subject to Nevada State and US Federal tax laws. Muliang Viagoo has approximately $97,672 of unused net operating losses (“NOLs”) available for carrying forward to future years for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes. The benefit from the carry forward of such NOLs will begin expiring during the year ended December 31, 2034. Because United States tax laws limit the time during which NOL carry forwards may be applied against future taxable income, the Company may be unable to take full advantage of its NOLs for federal income tax purposes should the Company generate taxable income. Further, the benefit from utilization of NOL carry forwards could be subject to limitations due to material ownership changes that could occur in the Company as it continues to raise additional capital. Based on such limitations, the Company has significant NOLs for which realization of tax benefits is uncertain.
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) resulting in significant modifications to existing law. The Company has considered the accounting impact of the effects of the Act during the year ended December 31, 2018 including a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% among other changes.
Hong Kong
Muliang HK is established in Hong Kong, and its income is subject to a 16.5% profit tax rate for income sourced within the Special Administrative Region. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, Muliang HK did not earn any income derived in Hong Kong, and therefore was not subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax.
Singapore
Viagoo is incorporated in Singapore where tax is levied on profits at rate of 17.0%. Singapore uses a territorial tax system. Post-tax profit distributions (i.e., dividends) to shareholders are tax-free. Singapore does not tax on capital gains.
China, PRC
Shanghai Mufeng and its subsidiaries Muliang Industry, Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Zhongliang, Heilongjiang and Yunnan Muliang are established in China and its income is subject to income tax rate of 25%.
The reconciliation of effective income tax rate as follows:
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
The tax authority of the PRC government conducts periodic and ad hoc tax filing reviews on business enterprises operating in the PRC after those enterprises complete their relevant tax filings. Therefore, the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings results are subject to change. Therefore, it is uncertain whether the PRC tax authority may take different views about the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings, which may lead to additional tax liabilities.
ASC 740 requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. Accordingly, the management evaluated the Company’s tax positions and concluded that no provision for uncertainty in income taxes was necessary as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
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| BUSINESS SEGMENTS | NOTE 14 – BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The revenues and cost of goods sold from operation consist of the following:
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Subsequent Events |
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Jun. 30, 2022 | |
| Subsequent Events [Abstract] | |
| SUBSEQUENT EVENTS | NOTE 15 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based on this evaluation, the Company concluded that subsequent to June 30, 2022 but prior to August 15, 2022, the date the financial statements were available to be issued, there was no subsequent event that would require disclosure to or adjustment to the financial statements other than the ones disclosed above. |
Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. However, the basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Therefore, the differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).
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| Interim Financial Statements | Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) applicable to interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosure required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been included. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. Not all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial statements are presented. The interim financial statements follow the same accounting policies and methods of computations as the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, land use rights, assumptions used in assessing the collectability of receivables, and impairment for long-term assets.
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| Basis of Consolidation | Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs, including the VIEs’ subsidiaries, for which Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary.
All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and the VIEs’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
As PRC laws and regulations welcome to invest in organic fertilizer industry businesses, Muliang Viagoo operates its fertilizer business in the PRC through Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries, which are collectively referred as the “WFOEs”.
By entering into a series of agreements (the “VIE Agreements”), Muliang Viagoo, through WFOEs, obtained control over Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries (collectively referred as “VIEs”). The VIE Agreements enable Muliang Viagoo to (1) have power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIEs, and (2) receive the economic benefits of the VIEs that could be significant to the VIEs. Accordingly, Muliang Viagoo is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and has consolidated the VIEs’ financial results of operations, assets and liabilities in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements. In making the conclusion that Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, Muliang Viagoo’s rights under the Power of Attorney also provide Muliang Viagoo’s abilities to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. Muliang Viagoo also believes that this ability to exercise control ensures that the VIEs will continue to execute and renew the Master Exclusive Service Agreement and pay service fees to Muliang Viagoo. By charging service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of Muliang Viagoo, and by ensuring that the Master Exclusive Service Agreement is executed and remains effective, Muliang Viagoo has the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs.
Comparative VIE financials, are set forth below:
Quantitative Metrics of the VIE, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd.are set forth below:
For the six months ended June 30, 2022
Note 1 The investment refers to the acquisition of 100% shares of Viagoo Pte Ltd, paid in 1,011,000 shares on June 19, 2020, by the Company
Note 2 The Company’s shareholders would not hold any ownership interest, direct or indirect, in the operating company in China, i.e. the VIE, and would merely have a contractual relationship with the VIE.
Note 3 The intercompany balances of $8,815,769 between the WOFE and the VIE arising from the service fee income payable to the WOFE by the VIE; the intercompany balances do not include any loans between the WOFE and the VIE. The amount is accumulated from the date that the VIE agreements when into effect on February 16, 2016. As the Company has disclosed, the VIE has not paid amounts in cash or other means to settle the payables balances owed by the VIE to the WOFE.
VIE Agreements that were entered to give Muliang Viagoo effective control over the VIEs include:
Voting Rights Proxy Agreement and Irrevocable Power of Attorney
Under which each shareholder of the VIEs grant to any person designated by WFOEs to act as its attorney-in-fact to exercise all shareholder rights under PRC law and the relevant articles of association, including but not limited to, appointing directors, supervisors and officers of the VIEs as well as the right to sell, transfer, pledge and dispose all or a portion of the equity interest held by such shareholders of the VIEs. The proxy and power of attorney agreements will remain effective as long as WFOEs exist. The shareholders of the VIEs do not have the right to terminate the proxy agreements or revoke the appointment of the attorney-in-fact without written consent of the WFOEs.
Exclusive Option Agreement
Under which each shareholder of the VIEs granted 9F or any third party designated by 9F the exclusive and irrevocable right to purchase from such shareholders of the VIEs, to the extent permitted by PRC law and regulations, all or part of their respective equity interests in the VIEs for a purchase price equal to the registered capital. The shareholders of the VIEs will then return the purchase price to 9F or any third party designated by 9F after the option is exercised. 9F may transfer all or part of its option to a third party at its own option. The VIEs and its shareholders agree that without prior written consent of 9F, they may not transfer or otherwise dispose the equity interests or declare any dividends. The restated option agreement will remain effective until 9F or any third party designated by 9F acquires all equity interest of the VIEs. Spousal Consent
The spouse of each shareholder of the VIEs has entered into a spousal consent letter to acknowledge that he or she consents to the disposition of the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIEs in accordance with the exclusive option agreement, the power of attorney and the equity pledge agreement regarding VIE structure described above, and any other supplemental agreement(s) may be consented by his or her spouse from time to time. Each such spouse further agrees that he or she will not take any action or raise any claim to interfere with the arrangements contemplated under the mentioned agreements. In addition, each such spouse further acknowledges that any right or interest in the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIEs do not constitute property jointly owned with his or her spouse and each such spouse unconditionally and irrevocably waives any right or interest in such equity interests.
Loan Agreement
Pursuant to the loan agreements between WFOEs and each shareholder of the VIEs, WFOEs extended loans to the shareholders of the VIEs, who had contributed the loan principal to the VIEs as registered capital. The shareholders of VIEs may repay the loans only by transferring their respective equity interests in VIEs to 9F Inc. or its designated person(s) pursuant to the exclusive option agreements. These loan agreements will remain effective until the date of full performance by the parties of their respective obligations thereunder.
VIE Agreements that enables Muliang Viagoo to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs include:
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement
Pursuant to equity interest pledge agreement, each shareholder of the VIEs has pledged all of his or her equity interest held in the VIEs to WFOEs to secure the performance by VIEs and their shareholders of their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, including the payments due to WFOEs for services provided. In the event that the VIEs breach any obligations under these agreements, WFOEs as the pledgees, will be entitled to request immediate disposal of the pledged equity interests and have priority to be compensated by the proceeds from the disposal of the pledged equity interests. The shareholders of the VIEs shall not transfer their equity interests or create or permit to be created any pledges without the prior written consent of WFOEs. The equity interest pledge agreement will remain valid until the master exclusive service agreement and the relevant exclusive option agreements and proxy and power of attorney agreements, expire or terminate.
Master Exclusive Service Agreement
Pursuant to exclusive service agreement, WFOEs have the exclusive right to provide the VIEs with technical support, consulting services and other services. WFOEs shall exclusively own any intellectual property arising from the performance of the agreement. During the term of this agreement, the VIEs may not accept any services covered by this agreement provided by any third party. The VIEs agree to pay service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of the WFOEs. The agreement will remain effective unless WFOEs terminate the agreement in writing.
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| Risks in relation to the VIE structure | Risks in relation to the VIE structure
Muliang viagoo believes that the contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their current shareholders are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit Muliang Viagoo’s ability to enforce the contractual arrangements. If the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:
Muliang Viagoo’s ability to conduct its business may be negatively affected if the PRC government were to carry out any of the aforementioned actions. As a result, Muliang Viagoo may not be able to consolidate the VIEs in its consolidated financial statements as it may lose the ability to exert effective control over the VIEs and its shareholders, and it may lose the ability to receive economic benefits from the VIEs. Muliang Viagoo currently does not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC government would result in the liquidation of the Company, WFOEs, or the VIEs.
The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the VIEs and their subsidiaries, which are included in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions:
Under the VIE Arrangements, Muliang Viagoo has the power to direct activities of the VIEs and can have assets transferred out of the VIEs. Therefore, Muliang Viagoo considers that there is no asset in the VIEs that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIEs, except for assets that correspond to the amount of the registered capital and PRC statutory reserves, if any. As the VIEs are incorporated as limited liability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of Muliang Viagoo for any of the liabilities of the VIEs.
Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires Muliang Viagoo to provide additional financial support to the VIEs. However, as Muliang Viagoo conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses held by the VIEs, Muliang Viagoo has provided and will continue to provide financial support to the VIEs.
Revenue-producing assets held by the VIEs include certain internet content provision (“ICP”) licenses and other licenses, domain names and trademarks. The ICP licenses and other licenses are required under relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations for the operation of internet businesses in the PRC, and therefore are integral to Muliang Viagoo’s operations. The ICP licenses require that core PRC trademark registrations and domain names are held by the VIEs that provide the relevant services.
Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. Accordingly, the 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang, and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. In addition, the Company maintains cash with various financial institutions.
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| Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, current creditworthiness, and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.
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| Inventories | Inventories
Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in process, and finished goods related to the Company’s products are stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the weighted average method.
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| Property, Plant, and Equipment | Property, Plant, and Equipment
Plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.
Included in property and equipment is construction-in-progress, which consists of factory improvements and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the construction period or installation of the assets. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.
Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:
The apple orchard includes rental of an apple farm, labor cost, fertilizers, apple seeds, apple seedlings, etc. The costs to purchase and cultivate apple trees and the expenditures related to labor and materials to plant apple trees until they become commercially productive are capitalized, which require a two-year period. The estimated production life for an apple tree is 10 years, and the costs are depreciated without a residual value. Expenses incurred maintaining apple trees during the growth cycle until seedling apple trees, or grafted varieties are fruited are capitalized into inventory and included in Work in Process—apple orchard, a component of inventories.
Depreciation expenses pertaining to apple trees will be included in inventory costs for those apples to be sold and ultimately become a component of the cost of goods sold. Therefore, similar to other assets, the failure of our apple trees to be serviceable over the entirety of their anticipated useful lives or to be sold at their anticipated residual value will negatively impact our operating results.
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| Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets
Included in the intangible assets are land-use rights. According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Therefore, companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their lease terms or estimated useful life.
Estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:
The Company carries intangible assets at a cost less accumulated amortization. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of intangible assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 50 years for the land use rights.
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| Impairment of Long-lived Assets | Impairment of Long-lived Assets
In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company recorded no impairment charge for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021.
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| Advances from Customers | Advances from Customers
Advances from customers consist of prepayments from customers for merchandise that had not yet been shipped. The Company will recognize the deposits as revenue as customers take delivery of the goods and title to the assets is transferred to customers in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.
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| Non-controlling Interest | Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control is accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations. Upon loss of control, the interest sold and interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Accordingly, results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.
Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period, nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.
Revenue for the sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable consideration. Instead, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied, and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For the vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered and customer acceptance is made.
Revenue for logistics-related services is derived from Viagoo subsidiaries. Through an online service platform, the company provides the operation management service to support customers. For VTM service, revenue is charged to carriers based on a certain percentage of the freight charges. For VES service, revenue is recognized based on monthly subscriptions by vehicles and by users. For system integration service, revenue is recognized over time based on the progress of the project and annual maintenance service.
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| Cost of Sales | Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of raw materials, utility, and supply costs consumed in the manufacturing process, manufacturing labor, depreciation expense, and direct overhead expenses necessary to manufacture finished goods as well as warehousing and distribution costs such as inbound freight charges, shipping, and handling costs, purchasing and receiving costs.
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which is an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns.
The Company is subject to the Enterprise Income Tax law (“EIT”) of the People’s Republic of China. The Company’s operations in producing and selling fertilizers are subject to the 25% enterprise income tax.
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| Related Parties | Related Parties
Parties are related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management, and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to the extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions.
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| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital, and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and unrealized gains from foreign currency translation adjustments.
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| Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”) and Singapore Dollar (“SGD”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). Results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income/loss. The translation adjustment for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021 was a loss of $411,683 and a gain of $171,298, respectively. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.
All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Accordingly, transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the Company’s results of operations.
For business in China, asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were translated at 6.6964 RMB to $1 USD and 6.3588 RMB to $1 USD, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021 were 6.4973 RMB and 6.4853 RMB to $1 USD, respectively.
For business in Singapore, asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were translated at 1.3911 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3493 SGD to $1 USD, respectively. The average translation rate applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2022,and 2021 was 1.3672 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3323 SGD to $1 USD, respectively.
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| Earnings (Loss) per Share | Earnings (Loss) per Share
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share give effect to all dilutive potential of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, including stock options or warrants, using the treasury stock method (by using the average stock price for the period to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants), and convertible debt or convertible preferred stock, using the if-converted method. Earnings per share exclude all potential dilutive shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive securities on June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, and for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021.
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| Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company adopted the guidance of ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements, which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, advances to suppliers, prepaid expenses, short-term loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, advances from customers, VAT and service taxes payable, and income taxes payable approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.
ASC Topic 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Accordingly, the Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.
The following table summarizes the carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments:
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| Government Contribution Plan | Government Contribution Plan
Pursuant to the laws applicable to PRC law, the Company is required to participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Company to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate based on the basic monthly compensation of qualified employees. The relevant local labor bureau is responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Company has no further commitments beyond its monthly contribution.
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| Statutory Reserve | Statutory Reserve
Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC, the Company must make appropriations from after-tax profit to the non-distributable “statutory surplus reserve fund.” Subject to certain cumulative limits, the “statutory surplus reserve fund” requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax profit until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”) at each year-end). For foreign-invested enterprises and joint ventures in the PRC, annual appropriations should be made to the “reserve fund.” For foreign-invested enterprises, the annual appropriation for the “reserve fund” cannot be less than 10% of after-tax profits until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under PRC GAAP at each year-end). If the Company has accumulated loss from prior periods, the Company can use the current period net income after tax to offset against the accumulated loss.
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| Segment Information | Segment Information
The standard, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” codified with ASC-280, requires certain financial and supplementary information to be disclosed on an annual and interim basis for each reportable segment of an enterprise. The Company believes that it operates in two business segments, of which are geographically located in China and one in Singapore respectively.
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncement | Recent Accounting Pronouncement
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. For finance leases, a lessee is required to do the following:
For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following:
In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 (ASU 2018-11), which amends ASC 842 so that entities may elect not to recast their comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”). ASU 2018-11 allows entities to change their date of initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption. In doing so, entities would:
In addition, the FASB also issued a series of amendments to ASU 2016-02 that address the transition methods available and clarify the guidance for lessor costs and other aspects of the new lease standard.
The management has reviewed the accounting pronouncements and adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company believes that there were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. |
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of VIE financials |
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| Schedule of quantitative metrics of the VIE |
Note 1 The investment refers to the acquisition of 100% shares of Viagoo Pte Ltd, paid in 1,011,000 shares on June 19, 2020, by the Company
Note 2 The Company’s shareholders would not hold any ownership interest, direct or indirect, in the operating company in China, i.e. the VIE, and would merely have a contractual relationship with the VIE.
Note 3 The intercompany balances of $8,815,769 between the WOFE and the VIE arising from the service fee income payable to the WOFE by the VIE; the intercompany balances do not include any loans between the WOFE and the VIE. The amount is accumulated from the date that the VIE agreements when into effect on February 16, 2016. As the Company has disclosed, the VIE has not paid amounts in cash or other means to settle the payables balances owed by the VIE to the WOFE.
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| Schedule of estimated useful lives |
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| Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangible assets |
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| Schedule of carrying values of financial instruments |
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Accounts Receivable (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of accounts receivable |
|
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Inventories (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of inventories |
|
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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of property, plant and equipment |
|
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Deferred Tax Assets, Net (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred Tax Assets, Net [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of deferred tax assets |
|
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Loans Payable (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (Details 1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan |
|
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| Schedule of future loan obligations according to the terms of the loan agreement |
|
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Related Party Transactions (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of balance due to related parties |
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Concentrations (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concentrations (Tables) [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of concentration of customers, suppliers & geographic area |
|
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| Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concentrations (Tables) [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of concentration of customers, suppliers & geographic area |
|
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| Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concentrations (Tables) [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of concentration of customers, suppliers & geographic area |
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Income Taxes (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes (Details 1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of effective income tax rate |
|
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| Schedule of provision for income taxes |
|
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Business Segments (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of revenues and cost of goods sold from operation |
|
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) |
1 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 19, 2020 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items] | |||
| Percentage of investment shares acquired | 100.00% | ||
| investment shares paid | 1,011,000 | ||
| Service fee income | $ 8,815,769 | ||
| Risks in relation to the VIE structure description | Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. Accordingly, the 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang, and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. | ||
| Straight-line method over estimated useful life | 50 years | ||
| Enterprise income tax percentage | 25.00% | ||
| Foreign currency translation loss | $ 411,683 | $ 171,298 | |
| Statutory surplus reserve fund, description | Subject to certain cumulative limits, the “statutory surplus reserve fund” requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax profit until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”) at each year-end). For foreign-invested enterprises and joint ventures in the PRC, annual appropriations should be made to the “reserve fund.” For foreign-invested enterprises, the annual appropriation for the “reserve fund” cannot be less than 10% of after-tax profits until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under PRC GAAP at each year-end). | ||
| China [Member] | |||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items] | |||
| Foreign Currency Translation description | For business in China, asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were translated at 6.6964 RMB to $1 USD and 6.3588 RMB to $1 USD, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021 were 6.4973 RMB and 6.4853 RMB to $1 USD, respectively. | ||
| Singapore [Member] | |||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items] | |||
| Foreign Currency Translation description | For business in Singapore, asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were translated at 1.3911 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3493 SGD to $1 USD, respectively. The average translation rate applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2022,and 2021 was 1.3672 SGD to $1 USD and 1.3323 SGD to $1 USD, respectively. | ||
| Apple Orchard [Member] | |||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items] | |||
| Estimated production life | 10 years | ||
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of VIE financials - Comparative VIE financials [Member] - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of VIE financials [Line Items] | |||
| Current assets | $ 20,655,965 | $ 18,972,383 | |
| Non-current assets | 8,230,436 | 8,995,363 | |
| Total Assets | 28,886,401 | 27,967,746 | |
| Current liabilities | 13,906,587 | 12,788,253 | |
| Non-current liabilities | 8,965,451 | 422,480 | |
| Total liabilities | 22,872,038 | 20,745,846 | |
| Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) | 6,014,363 | $ 7,221,900 | |
| Net income | |||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 301,982 | 3,976,411 | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investment activities | (27,857) | ||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ (266,408) | $ (3,974,127) | |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangible assets |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | |
| Land use rights [Member] | |
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangible assets [Line Items] | |
| Intangible assets, Useful Life | 50 years |
| Non-patented technology [Member] | |
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangible assets [Line Items] | |
| Intangible assets, Useful Life | 10 years |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of carrying values of financial instruments - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Schedule Of Carrying Values Of Financial Instruments Abstract | ||
| Current portion of long-term debt | $ 1,108,810 | $ 1,174,756 |
| Long-term loan | 51,011 | 283,860 |
| Total | $ 1,159,821 | $ 1,458,616 |
Accounts Receivable (Details) - Schedule of accounts receivable - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Schedule Of Accounts Receivable Abstract | ||
| Accounts receivable | $ 11,233,680 | $ 12,710,362 |
| Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | (1,212,485) | (1,276,858) |
| Total, net | $ 10,021,195 | $ 11,433,504 |
Inventories (Details) - Schedule of inventories - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Schedule Of Inventories Abstract | ||
| Raw materials | $ 171,463 | $ 51,292 |
| Finished goods | 1,807,721 | 82,621 |
| Less: Provision for impairment | ||
| Total, net | $ 1,979,184 | $ 133,913 |
Prepayment (Details) - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|
| Suppliers [Member] | ||
| Prepayment (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Advances paid | $ 7,943,133 | $ 6,805,039 |
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | ||
| Depreciation expense | $ 295,695 | $ 268,058 |
| Construction in progress | $ 2,967,622 | |
Right of Use Assets (Details) |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Jun. 30, 2022
USD ($)
| |
| Right of Use Assets (Details) [Line Items] | |
| Total cost | $ 1,203,750 |
| Number of industrial land use rights | 2 |
| Accumulated amortization cost | $ 185,647 |
| Land Use Right [Member] | |
| Right of Use Assets (Details) [Line Items] | |
| Total cost of land use rights | $ 1,389,397 |
Deferred Tax Assets, Net (Details) - Schedule of deferred tax assets - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets, non-current | ||
| Deficit carried-forward | $ 83,029 | $ 87,438 |
| Allowance | 166,520 | 175,360 |
| Deferred tax assets | 249,549 | 262,798 |
| Less: valuation allowance | ||
| Deferred tax assets, non-current | $ 249,549 | $ 262,798 |
Loans Payable (Details) - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Loans (Details 1) | ||
| Interest expenses | $ 77,566 | $ 65,645 |
Loans Payable (Details) - Schedule of long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Loans Payable (Details) - Schedule of long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan [Line Items] | ||
| Loans payable, gross | $ 1,159,821 | $ 1,458,616 |
| Current portion of long-term loans payable | 1,108,810 | 1,174,756 |
| Total, net | 51,011 | 283,860 |
| Rushan City Rural Credit Union [Member] | ||
| Loans Payable (Details) - Schedule of long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan [Line Items] | ||
| Loan payable to Rushan City Rural Credit Union, annual interest 8.7875%, due by July 18, 2022. | 1,108,810 | 1,174,756 |
| Individuals and Entities [Member] | ||
| Loans Payable (Details) - Schedule of long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan [Line Items] | ||
| Long-term loans due to individuals and entities without interest | $ 51,011 | $ 283,860 |
Loans Payable (Details) - Schedule of long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan (Parentheticals) - Rushan City Rural Credit Union [Member] |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 | |
| Loans Payable (Details) - Schedule of long-term loan and current portion of long-term loan (Parentheticals) [Line Items] | |
| Annual interest | 8.7875% |
| Loan payment due | Jul. 18, 2022 |
Loans Payable (Details) - Schedule of future loan obligations according to the terms of the loan agreement |
Jun. 30, 2022
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Schedule Of Future Loan Obligations According To The Terms Of The Loan Agreement Abstract | |
| within 1 year | $ 1,108,810 |
| 1-2 years | 51,011 |
| 3 years | |
| Total | $ 1,159,821 |
Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Mr. Lirong Wang [Member] | ||
| Related Party Transactions (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Due to related parties | $ 72,260 | $ 2,395,252 |
| Due amount repaid | 1,783,417 | |
| Mr. Lirong Wang [Member] | CEO and Chairman [Member] | ||
| Related Party Transactions (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Due from related parties | 788,981 | |
| Mr. Guohua Lin [Member] | ||
| Related Party Transactions (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Due to related parties | 2,770 | 6,939 |
| Due amount repaid | 6,461 | 4,318 |
| Ms. Xueying Sheng [Member] | ||
| Related Party Transactions (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Due to related parties | 0 | 9,518 |
| Due amount repaid | $ 13,121 | $ 3,014 |
Related Party Transactions (Details) - Schedule of balance due to related parties - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|
| Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||
| Due to related party | $ 144,617 | $ 161,429 |
| Ms. Xueying Sheng [Member] | ||
| Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||
| Due to related party | $ 90,269 | 103,390 |
| Relationship | Controller/Accounting Manager of the Company | |
| Mr. Guohua Lin [Member] | ||
| Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||
| Due to related party | $ 54,348 | $ 58,039 |
| Relationship | Senior management / One of the Company’s shareholders |
Concentrations (Details) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | ||
| Concentrations (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Customer percentage | 10.00% | 10.00% |
| Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] | ||
| Concentrations (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Customer percentage | 10.00% | 10.00% |
Concentrations (Details) - Schedule of concentration of customers, suppliers & geographic area - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Customer A [Member] | ||
| Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items] | ||
| Revenues | $ 1,121,028 | $ 1,282,200 |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 37.00% | 34.00% |
| Customer B [Member] | ||
| Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items] | ||
| Revenues | $ 1,020,001 | $ 1,583,115 |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 34.00% | 42.00% |
Concentrations (Details) - Schedule of concentration of customers, suppliers & geographic area - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Suppliers A [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Purchase | $ 1,346,714 | |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 40.00% | |
| Suppliers B [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Purchase | $ 708,479 | $ 370,253 |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 21.00% | 18.00% |
| Suppliers C [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Purchase | $ 504,041 | $ 394,905 |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 15.00% | 19.00% |
| Suppliers D [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Purchase | $ 485,279 | $ 361,741 |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 14.00% | 18.00% |
| Suppliers E [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Purchase | $ 619,863 | |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 30.00% | |
Concentrations (Details) - Schedule of concentration of customers, suppliers & geographic area - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Total cash and cash equivalents | $ 60,795 | $ 38,013 |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| China [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Total cash and cash equivalents | $ 13,402 | $ 31,787 |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 22.00% | 84.00% |
| Singapore [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Total cash and cash equivalents | $ 47,393 | $ 6,226 |
| Concentration risk, percentage | 78.00% | 16.00% |
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) |
1 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 22, 2017 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Corporate tax, description | The Company has considered the accounting impact of the effects of the Act during the year ended December 31, 2018 including a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% among other changes. | |
| United States [Member] | ||
| Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Net taxable operating loss carry forwards (in Dollars) | $ 97,672 | |
| Hong Kong [Member] | ||
| Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Profit tax rate | 16.50% | |
| Singapore [Member] | ||
| Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Profit tax rate | 17.00% | |
| China PRC [Member] | ||
| Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items] | ||
| Income tax rate | 25.00% |
Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of effective income tax rate |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Loans (Details 1) | ||
| US Statutory income tax rate | 21.00% | 21.00% |
| Valuation allowance | (21.00%) | (21.00%) |
| Total | ||
Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of provision for income taxes - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Income Taxes (Details 1) | ||
| Current | $ 6,406 | |
| Deferred | ||
| Total | $ 6,406 | |
Business Segments (Details) - Schedule of revenues and cost of goods sold from operation - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2021 |
|
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||||
| Revenues | $ 1,189,426 | $ 2,562,552 | $ 3,489,501 | $ 4,131,639 |
| Cost of Sales | $ 609,356 | $ 1,507,204 | 1,939,628 | 2,408,045 |
| Fertilizer sales [Member] | ||||
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||||
| Revenues | 3,038,749 | 3,721,181 | ||
| Cost of Sales | 1,681,224 | 2,176,053 | ||
| Logistic [Member] | ||||
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||||
| Revenues | 450,752 | 410,338 | ||
| Cost of Sales | 258,404 | 231,903 | ||
| Others [Member] | ||||
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||||
| Revenues | 120 | |||
| Cost of Sales | $ 89 | |||
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