Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

Goodwill has an estimated indefinite life and is not amortized; rather it is reviewed for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.

In interim periods between annual goodwill reviews, we also evaluate qualitative factors that could cause us to believe our estimated fair value of our single reporting unit may be lower than the carrying value and trigger a Step 1 test including, but not limited to (i) macroeconomic conditions, (ii) industry and market considerations, (iii) our overall financial performance including an analysis of our current and projected cash flows, revenue and earnings, (iv) a sustained decrease in share price and (v) other relevant entity-specific events including changes in strategy, partners, or litigation.

As a result of the Offering Reorganization, we revalued our consolidated balance sheet to the market value of our IPO share price of $17.00 and recorded $608.9 million in goodwill on our consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent to our 2015 annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter of 2015, our common stock price declined significantly, reaching our historic low in the first quarter of 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, our common stock traded between $8.48 and $12.32, or an average common stock price of $10.33 compared to an average common stock price of $19.51 and $14.73 during the three month periods ended September 30, 2015, and December 31, 2015, respectively. A sustained decline in our common stock price and the resulting impact on our market capitalization is one of several qualitative factors we consider each quarter when evaluating whether events or changes in circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that a potential goodwill impairment exists. We concluded that the further decline in common stock price observed during the first quarter of 2016 did represent a sustained decline and that triggering events occurred during the period requiring an interim goodwill impairment test as of March 31, 2016. As such, we performed a Step 1 impairment test of our goodwill as of March 31, 2016.

Step 1 Results

To determine the implied fair value for our single reporting unit, we used both a market multiple valuation approach (“market approach”) and a discounted cash flow valuation approach (“income approach”). In determining the estimated fair value, we considered the level of our Class A common stock price and assumptions that we believed market participants would make in valuing our reporting unit, including a control premium, as well as discounted cash flow calculations of management’s estimates of future financial performance and management’s long-term plans. This analysis also required us to make judgments about revenues, expenses, fixed asset and working capital requirements, the timing of exchanges of our Class B common shares, capital market assumptions and discount rates.

In our March 31, 2016, Step 1 test, our most sensitive assumption for purposes of the market approach was our estimate of the control premium, and the most sensitive assumption related to the income approach, other than our cash flows, was the discount rate. As of March 31, 2016, our single reporting unit failed the Step 1 analysis as we determined that its implied fair value was less than its carrying value based on the weighting of the fair values determined under both the market and income approaches. As fair value was less than carrying value, we performed a Step 2 test to determine the implied fair value of our goodwill.

Step 2 Results

In our March 31, 2016, Step 2 test, the fair value of all assets and liabilities were estimated, including our tangible assets (corporate trade name, customer relationships and technology) for the purpose of deriving an estimate of the implied fair value of goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill was then compared to the carrying amount of goodwill resulting in an impairment charge of $160.6 million on our consolidated statements of operations.

The impairment was driven primarily by the sustained decline in our share price as our estimates of our future cash flows and the control premium have remained consistent, combined with an increase in the discount rate period over period. As noted above, our determination of fair value used a weighting of the fair values determined under both the market and income approaches, with the market approach driving the significant reduction in overall firm value and related impairment of goodwill.

As part of the Passport transaction (refer to Note 4 for further information), we recorded an additional $11.3 million in goodwill on our consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill (in thousands):



	For the Three				For the Nine
	Months Ended				Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2016		2015		2016			2015
Balance as of beginning-of-period	$	459,703	$	608,903	$	608,903		$	—
Goodwill Acquired ⁽¹⁾	—		—		11,400			608,903
Goodwill Impairment	—		—		(160,600		)	—
Balance as of end-of-period	$	459,703	$	608,903	$	459,703		$	608,903

⁽¹⁾ Goodwill acquired as a result of the Offering Reorganization and the Passport transaction. See Note 4 for further discussion regarding both the Offering Reorganization and the Passport transaction.

Intangible Assets, Net

Details of our intangible assets (in thousands) are presented below:



		As of September 30, 2016
		Weighted-
		Average	Gross					Net
	Remaining		Carrying		Accumulated			Carrying
	Useful Life		Amount		Amortization			Value
Corporate trade name		18.7	$	19,000		$	1,266	$	17,734
Customer relationships		23.0	127,500			6,733		120,767
Technology		5.7	30,000			5,712		24,288
Total			$	176,500		$	13,711	$	162,789



		As of December 31, 2015
		Weighted-
		Average	Gross					Net
	Remaining		Carrying		Accumulated			Carrying
	Useful Life		Amount		Amortization			Value
Corporate trade name		19.4	$	19,000		$	554	$	18,446
Customer relationships		24.4	120,000			2,797		117,203
Technology		6.4	30,000			2,497		27,503
Total			$	169,000		$	5,848	$	163,152

We had no intangible assets prior to the Offering Reorganization.

We recorded additional customer relationship intangible assets of $7.5 million in relation to the closing of the Vestica transaction during the first quarter of 2016.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $2.7 million and $7.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and $2.5 million and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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