Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Current tax expense (benefit):
U.S. federal	$	83		$	60		$	4
U.S. state and local		13			12			1
International		47			72			75
Total current tax expense		143			144			80
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
U.S. federal		8			(69	)		(86	)
U.S. state and local		(2	)		(6	)		(12	)
International		14			(1	)		(22	)
Total deferred tax expense (benefit)		20			(76	)		(120	)
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes	$	163		$	68		$	(40	)

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Components

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

	December 31,
	2022			2021
Deferred tax assets:
Environmental and other liabilities	$	188		$	162
Employee related and benefit items		49			64
Other assets and accrual liabilities		133			111
Tax attribute carryforwards		73			91
Operating lease liability		57			56
Total deferred tax assets		500			484
Less: Valuation allowance		(12	)		(8	)
Total deferred tax assets, net		488			476
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets		(257	)		(244	)
LIFO inventories		(30	)		(18	)
Operating lease asset		(55	)		(53	)
Other liabilities		(55	)		(40	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(397	)		(355	)
Deferred tax assets, net	$	91		$	121

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022						2021						2020
	$			%			$			%			$			%
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate	$	156			21.0	%	$	142			21.0	%	$	38			21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit		7			1.0	%		3			0.4	%		(11	)		(6.1	)%
Lower effective tax rate on international operations, net		(16	)		(2.2	)%		(19	)		(2.8	)%		(34	)		(19.0	)%
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction		—			—	%		(12	)		(1.8	)%		—			—	%
Goodwill		—			—	%		10			1.5	%		—			—	%
Depletion		(6	)		(0.8	)%		(7	)		(1.0	)%		(6	)		(3.4	)%
Exchange gains		(8	)		(1.1	)%		(13	)		(1.9	)%		—			—	%
Provision to return and other adjustments		(2	)		(0.3	)%		(11	)		(1.6	)%		(37	)		(20.6	)%
Valuation allowance		4			0.5	%		(16	)		(2.4	)%		13			7.3	%
Stock-based compensation		(9	)		(1.2	)%		(4	)		(0.6	)%		—			—	%
R&D credit		(7	)		(0.9	)%		(6	)		(0.9	)%		(7	)		(3.8	)%
Uncertain tax positions		36			4.9	%		(3	)		(0.4	)%		(1	)		(0.5	)%
Other, net		8			1.1	%		4			0.6	%		5			2.8	%
Total effective tax rate	$	163			22.0	%	$	68			10.1	%	$	(40	)		(22.3	)%

Schedule of Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

The following table sets forth the Company’s income (loss) before income taxes for its U.S. and international operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
U.S. operations (including exports)	$	217	$	44	$	(136	)
International operations		524		632		315
Income before income taxes	$	741	$	676	$	179

Schedule of open tax years by significant jurisdiction

The following table sets forth the Company’s significant jurisdictions’ tax returns that are subject to examination by their respective taxing authorities for the open years listed.

Jurisdiction	Open Years
China	2015 through 2022
India	2015 through 2022
Mexico	2016 through 2022
Netherlands	2020 through 2022
Singapore	2019 through 2022
Switzerland	2019 through 2022
Taiwan	2015 through 2022
U.S.	2017 through 2022

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table sets forth the change in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021			2020
Balance at January 1,	$	5	$	7		$	9
Gross amounts of increases and decreases in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of adjustments to tax provisions taken during the prior period		54		(1	)		(2	)
Gross amounts of increases and decreases in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of tax positions taken during the current period		6		—			1
Reduction to unrecognized tax benefits as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations		—		(1	)		(1	)
Balance at December 31,	$	65	$	5		$	7
Total unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, that would impact the effective tax rate	$	42	$	4		$	8
Total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the consolidated statements of operations		4		(1	)		1
Total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the consolidated balance sheets		4		1			1

Summary of Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance

The following table sets forth a rollforward of the Company’s deferred tax asset valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021			2020
Balance at January 1,	$	8	$	24		$	10
Charges to income tax expense		4		—			14
Release of valuation allowance		—		(16	)		—
Balance at December 31,	$	12	$	8		$	24

In connection with the classification of assets held for sale during the third quarter of 2021 related to the sale of the Mining Solutions Business on December 1, 2021, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $16 related to the release of a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets of one of its Mexican subsidiaries. The Company has evaluated all available positive and negative evidence, including the impact of the sale of the Mining Solutions business, as well as the future projections of profitability for the entity post sale. As a result, the Company determined that all of its deferred tax assets related to the Mexican subsidiary are more likely than not to be realized and accordingly reversed the valuation allowance against those deferred tax assets.