Revenue Recognition and Deferred Costs

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Costs

3. Revenue recognition and deferred costs

Revenue recognition

Our sources of revenue consist of subscription solutions fees and partner and services fees. These services allow customers to access our hosted software over the contract period. The customer is not allowed to take possession of the software or transfer the software. Our revenue arrangements do not contain general rights of refund in the event of cancellations.

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source:

	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Subscription solutions	$	53,808	$	47,987
Partner and services		17,949		18,063
Total revenue	$	71,757	$	66,050

Subscription solutions

Subscription solutions revenue consists primarily of platform subscription fees from all plans. It also includes recurring professional services and sales of SSL certificates. Subscription solutions are charged monthly, quarterly, or annually for our customers to sell their products and process transactions on our platform. Subscription solutions are generally charged per online store and are based on the store’s subscription plan. Monthly subscription fees for Pro and Enterprise plans are adjusted if a customer’s gross merchandise volume or orders processed are above specified plan thresholds on a trailing twelve-month basis. For most subscription solutions arrangements, excluding enterprise subscription plans, we have determined we meet the variable consideration allocation exception and, therefore, recognize fixed monthly fees or a pro-rata portion of quarterly or annual fees and any transaction fees as revenue in the month they are earned. Enterprise subscription plans include an upfront promotional period in order to incentivize the customer to enter into a subscription arrangement. For these Enterprise arrangements, the total subscription fee is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenue recognized in advance of billing is recorded as unbilled accounts receivable. In determining the amount of revenue to be recognized, we determine whether collection of the transaction price is probable. Only amounts deemed probable are recognized as revenue. Key factors in this determination are historical contract termination rates and general economic factors.

Professional services, which primarily consist of education packages, launch services, solutions architecting, implementation consulting, and catalog transfer services, are generally billed and recognized as revenue when delivered.

Contracts with our retail customers are generally month-to-month, while contracts with our enterprise customers generally range from one to three years. Contracts are typically non-cancellable and do not contain refund-type provisions. Revenue is presented net of sales tax and other taxes we collect on behalf of governmental authorities.

Subsequent to our acquisition of Feedonomics on July 23, 2021, subscription revenue includes revenue from Feedonomics. Feedonomics provides a technology platform and related services that enables online retailers and other sellers to automate online listings of the sellers’ information across multiple third-party marketplaces and advertisers (such as Amazon, Google, Facebook, etc.). We provide these services under service contracts which are generally one year or less, and in many cases month-to-month. These service types may be sold stand-alone or as part of a multi-service bundle (e.g. both marketplaces and advertising). The service

3. Revenue recognition and deferred costs (continued)

offerings constitute a single combined performance obligation. Services are performed and fees are determined based on monthly usage and are billed in arrears.

Partner and services

Our partner and services revenue consists of revenue share, partner technology integrations, and marketing services provided to partners. Revenue share relates to fees earned by our partners from customers using our platform, where we have an arrangement with such partners to share such fees as they occur. Revenue share is recognized at the time the earning activity is complete, which is generally monthly. Revenue for partner technology integrations is recorded on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract commencing when the integration has been completed. Revenue for marketing services are recognized either at the time the earning activity is complete, or ratably over the length of the contract, depending on the nature of the obligations in the contract. Payments received in advance of services being rendered are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the obligation is completed.

We also derive revenue from the sales of website themes and applications upon delivery.

We recognize revenue share from the sales of third-party applications, on a net basis as we have determined that we are the agent in our arrangements with third-party application providers. All other revenue is recognized on a gross basis, as we have determined we are the principal in these arrangements.

Contracts with multiple performance obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment.

Our subscription contracts are generally comprised of a single performance obligation to provide access to our platform, but can include additional performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations where the contracted price differs from the standalone selling price (“SSP”) for any distinct good or service, we may be required to allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of SSP. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. We have determined that our standard list price is our best approximation of SSP.

Contracts with our technology solution partners may include multiple performance obligations, which can include integrations and marketing activities. In determining whether integration services are distinct from hosting services we consider various factors. These considerations included the level of integration, interdependency, and interrelation between the implementation and hosting service. We have concluded that the integration services included in contracts with hosting obligations are not distinct. As a result, we defer any arrangement fees for integration services and recognize such amounts over the life of the hosting obligation commencing when the integration has been completed. To determine if marketing activities are distinct, we consider the nature of the promise in the contract, the timing of payment, and the partner expectations. Additional consideration for some partner contracts varies based on the level of customer activity on the platform. Certain agreements contain minimum guarantees of revenue share. These contracts are evaluated to determine if the guaranteed minimum is substantive. If the minimum is deemed substantive, revenue is recognized ratably over the life of the agreement, which results in a contract asset that is included in unbilled receivables. For most of our contracts, we have determined that we meet the variable consideration allocation exception and therefore recognize these variable fees in the period they are earned.

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel-related costs, including: stock-based compensation expenses for customer support and professional services personnel; costs of maintaining and securing our infrastructure and platform; amortization expense associated with capitalized internal-use software; and allocation of overhead costs.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue primarily consists of amounts that have been billed to or received from customers in advance of performing the associated services. We recognize revenue from deferred revenue when the services are performed, and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. We recognized $9.3 million of previously deferred revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

3. Revenue recognition and deferred costs (continued)

The net increase in the deferred revenue balance for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is primarily due to increases in SaaS related subscriptions. Amounts recognized from deferred revenue represent primarily revenue from the sale of subscription solutions, integration, and marketing services.

As of March 31, 2023, we had $155.0 million of remaining performance obligations, which represents contracted revenue minimums that have not yet been recognized, including amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. We expect to recognize approximately 56% of the remaining performance obligations as revenue in the following 12-month period, and the remaining balance in the periods thereafter.

Deferred commissions

Certain sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions are not paid on subscription renewals. We amortize deferred sales commissions ratably over the estimated period of our relationship with customers of approximately three years. Based on historical experience, we determine the average life of our customer relationship by taking into consideration our customer contracts and the estimated technological life of our platform and related significant features. We include amortization of deferred commissions in Sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred commissions to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit of these deferred costs. We did not recognize an impairment of deferred commissions during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022.

Sales commissions of $1.7 million and $1.6 million were deferred for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and deferred commission amortization expense was $1.6 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.