10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10‑Q

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

Or

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to            

Commission file number: 001‑36788

EXELA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	47‑1347291
(State of or other Jurisdiction Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2701 E. Grauwyler Rd. Irving, TX	75061
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (844) 935-2832

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 per share	XELA	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer    ☐	Accelerated Filer   ☒
Non-Accelerated Filer     ☐	Smaller Reporting Company   ☒
	Emerging Growth Company    ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

As of May 8, 2019 the registrant had 150,142,955 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Exela Technologies, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March31, 2019 and 2018	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	5
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	35
Item 4. Internal Controls and Procedures	36
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A. Risk Factors	37
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	37
Item 5. Other Information	38
Item 6. Exhibits	38

Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,262	$	25,615
Restricted cash		4,998		18,239
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,913 and $4,359 respectively		278,064		270,812
Inventories, net		16,321		16,220
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		25,330		25,015
Total current assets		332,975		355,901
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $163,199 and $154,060 respectively		129,621		132,986
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net		100,727		—
Goodwill		708,285		708,258
Intangible assets, net		397,412		407,021
Deferred income tax assets		16,202		16,225
Other noncurrent assets		17,667		19,391
Total assets	$	1,702,889	$	1,639,782
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	90,924	$	99,853
Related party payables		6,184		7,735
Income tax payable		4,898		1,996
Accrued liabilities		63,138		66,008
Accrued compensation and benefits		57,961		54,583
Accrued interest		23,928		49,071
Customer deposits		28,410		34,235
Deferred revenue		19,966		16,504
Obligation for claim payment		46,063		56,002
Current portion of finance lease obligations		15,961		17,498
Current portion of operating lease obligations		27,368		—
Current portion of long-term debt		32,821		29,237
Total current liabilities		417,622		432,722
Long-term debt, net of current maturities		1,336,152		1,306,423
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion		27,231		26,738
Pension liability		25,514		25,269
Deferred income tax liabilities		12,439		11,212
Long-term income tax liability		3,158		3,024
Operating lease right-of-use liability, net of current portion		78,290		—
Other long-term liabilities		6,747		15,400
Total liabilities		1,907,153		1,820,788
Commitment and Contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' equity (deficit)
Common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 1,600,000,000 shares authorized; 152,692,140 shares issued and 150,142,955 outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		15		15
Preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 4,569,233 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		1		1
Additional paid in capital		482,018		482,018
Less: common stock held in treasury, at cost; 2,549,185 shares at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		(10,342)		(10,342)
Equity-based compensation		44,529		41,731
Accumulated deficit		(707,787)		(678,563)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(3,173)		(6,565)
Unrealized pension actuarial losses, net of tax		(9,525)		(9,301)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss		(12,698)		(15,866)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(204,264)		(181,006)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	1,702,889	$	1,639,782

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Revenue	$	403,765	$	393,167
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		306,882		293,792
Selling, general and administrative expenses		49,949		45,595
Depreciation and amortization		28,020		38,019
Related party expense		994		1,105
Operating income		17,920		14,656
Other expense (income), net:
Interest expense, net		38,899		38,017
Sundry expense (income), net		2,531		(64)
Other income, net		1,677		(3,328)
Net loss before income taxes		(25,187)		(19,969)
Income tax (expense) benefit		(4,720)		(4,025)
Net loss	$	(29,907)	$	(23,994)
Cumulative dividends for Series A Preferred Stock		(914)		(914)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(30,821)	$	(24,908)
Loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.21)	$	(0.16)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net Loss	$	(29,907)	$	(23,994)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments		3,392		(268)
Unrealized pension actuarial gains (losses), net of tax		(224)		(403)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(26,739)	$	(24,665)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

For the Three Months Ended March  31, 2019 and 2018

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

														Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
																Unrealized
														Foreign		Pension
														Currency		Actuarial				Total
	Common Stock			Preferred Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional		Equity-Based		Translation		Losses,		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Compensation		Adjustment		net of tax		Deficit		Deficit
Balances at January 1, 2018	150,529,151	$	15	6,194,233	$	1	49,300	$	(249)	$	482,018	$	34,085	$	(194)	$	(11,054)	$	(514,628)	$	(10,006)
Implementation of ASU 2014-09 (Note 2)																			(1,419)		(1,419)
Net loss January 1 to March 31, 2018	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		(23,994)		(23,994)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		959		—		—		—		959
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(268)		—		—		(268)
Net realized pension actuarial gains, net of tax	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(403)		—		(403)
Preferred shares converted to common	1,986,767		—	(1,625,000)		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balances at March 31, 2018	152,515,918	$	15	4,569,233		1	49,300	$	(249)	$	482,018	$	35,044	$	(462)	$	(11,457)	$	(540,041)	$	(35,131)

														Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
																Unrealized
														Foreign		Pension
														Currency		Actuarial				Total
	Common Stock			Preferred Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional		Equity-Based		Translation		Losses,		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Compensation		Adjustment		net of tax		Deficit		Deficit
Balances at January 1, 2019	150,142,955	$	15	4,569,233	$	1	2,549,185	$	(10,342)	$	482,018	$	41,731	$	(6,565)	$	(9,301)	$	(678,563)	$	(181,006)
Implementation of ASU 2016-02 (Note 4)	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		683		683
Net loss January 1 to March 31, 2019	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		(29,907)		(29,907)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		2,798		—		—		—		2,798
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		3,392		—		—		3,392
Net realized pension actuarial gains, net of tax	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(224)		—		(224)
Balances at March 31, 2019	150,142,955	$	15	4,569,233	$	1	2,549,185	$	(10,342)	$	482,018	$	44,529	$	(3,173)	$	(9,525)	$	(707,787)	$	(204,264)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(29,907)	$	(23,994)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss
Depreciation and amortization		28,020		38,019
Original issue discount and debt issuance cost amortization		2,852		2,595
Provision for doubtful accounts		800		481
Deferred income tax provision		1,076		835
Share-based compensation expense		2,798		959
Foreign currency remeasurement		35		(323)
Loss on sale of assets		9		253
Fair value adjustment for interest rate swap		1,677		(3,328)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions
Accounts receivable		(8,742)		(10,876)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(632)		(5,567)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(33,574)		(18,864)
Related party payables		(1,551)		(273)
Net cash used in operating activities		(37,139)		(20,083)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(5,572)		(5,957)
Additions to internally developed software		(1,879)		(1,092)
Additions to outsourcing contract costs		(5,561)		(1,596)
Proceeds from sale of assets		7		2
Net cash used in investing activities		(13,005)		(8,643)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchases of common stock		(2,872)		—
Proceeds from financing obligation		566		1,863
Cash paid for equity issue costs		—		(7,500)
Net borrowings under factoring agreement		1,118		—
Borrowings from revolver and swing-line loan		51,000		25,000
Repayments from revolver and swing-line loan		(21,000)		(25,000)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations		(5,077)		(4,803)
Principal payments on long-term obligations		(4,153)		(2,947)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		19,582		(13,387)
Effect of exchange rates on cash		(32)		55
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(30,594)		(42,058)
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
Beginning of period		43,854		81,489
End of period	$	13,260	$	39,431
Supplemental cash flow data:
Income tax payments, net of refunds received	$	1,356	$	1,053
Interest paid		60,573		66,192
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired through right-of-use arrangements		4,097		4,432
Accrued capital expenditures		809		1,101

Note: Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts or unless otherwisenoted)

(Unaudited)

1.     General

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Exela Technologies, Inc. (the "Company," "Exela," "we," "our" or "us") annual report on Form 10-K for such period (the “2018 Form 10-K”).

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Regulation S-X as they apply to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These accounting principles require us to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but in our opinion include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim period. The interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year.

Net Loss per Share

Earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net loss available to holders of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”) by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised or converted into Common Stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method or if-converted method in periods of earnings. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share for Common Stock and participating securities. As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the impact of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) was calculated based on the if-converted method. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential of shares of Common Stock if their effect is anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, if converted would have resulted in an additional 5,586,344 shares of Common Stock outstanding, but were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share as their effects were anti-dilutive.

The Company was originally incorporated July 12, 2017 as a special purpose acquisition company under the name Quinpario Acquisition Corp 2 (“Quinpario”). The Company has not included the effect of 35,000,000 warrants sold in the Quinpario Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) in the calculation of net income (loss) per share. Warrants are considered anti-dilutive and excluded when the exercise price exceeds the average market value of the Company’s Common Stock price during the applicable period.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(30,821)	$	(24,908)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (B)		150,142,955		152,140,117
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted (A/B)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.16)

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2.    New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) no. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842). This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2019, under the modified retrospective transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 with the following practical expedients below:

· Not to record the leases with an initial term of 12 months on the balance sheet; and

· Not to reassess the (1) definition of a lease, (2) lease classification, and (3) initial direct costs for existing leases during transition.

The adoption had a material impact on the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets, but did not have a material impact on the Company's unaudited consolidated income statements and unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows. The most significant impact was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while the Company's accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. See Note 4 for relevant disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU no. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this ASU addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of this ASU addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not have an accounting effect. The adoption had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU no. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815); Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The amendments in this ASU better align the risk management activities and financial reporting for these hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and presentation of hedge results. The adoption had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU no. 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in this ASU address a narrow-scope financial reporting issue related to the tax effects that may become “stranded” in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”). An entity may elect to reclassify the income tax effects of the TCJA on items within AOCI to retained earnings. The adoption had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU no. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting to amend the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees. Under the revised guidance, the accounting for awards issued to nonemployees will be similar to the model for employee awards, except the ASU allows an entity to elect on an award-by-award basis to use

7

the contractual term as the expected term assumption in the option pricing model, and the cost of the grant is recognized in the same period(s) and in the same manner as if the grantor had paid cash. The adoption had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU no. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of the standard will be applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU no. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820); which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC 820. The amendments in this ASU are the result of a broader disclosure project called FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. The FASB used the guidance in the Concepts Statement to improve the effectiveness of ASC 820’s disclosure requirements. The objective of the disclosure requirements in this subtopic is to provide users of financial statements with information about assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position or disclosed in the notes to financial statements. The ASU includes but is not limited to the valuation techniques and inputs that a reporting entity uses to arrive at its measures of fair value, including judgments and assumptions that the entity makes, the uncertainty in the fair value measurements as of the reporting date, and how changes in fair value measurements affect an entity’s performance and cash flows. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU no. 2018-15, Intangibles, Goodwill, and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40):Customer's accounting for implementation costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Accordingly, the amendments require an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. The amendments also require the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes reasonably certain renewals. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

3.     Significant Accounting Policies

The information presented below supplements the Significant Accounting Policies information presented in our 2018 Form 10-K, including Revenue Recognition for the adoption of ASC 606, which became effective January 1, 2018. See our 2018 Form 10-K for a description of our significant accounting policies in effect prior to the adoption of the new accounting standard.

8

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of our material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily related to the provision of business and transaction processing services within each of our segments. We do not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Nature of Services

Our primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. Our promise to our customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. We allocate the variable fees to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which we have the contractual right to bill under the contract.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region and by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019						2018
		ITPS		HS		LLPS		ITPS		HS		LLPS
United States	$	250,908	$	61,343	$	17,842	$	269,939	$	58,632	$	22,598
Europe		66,678		—		—		35,283		—		—
Other		6,994		—		—		6,715		—		—
Total	$	324,580	$	61,343	$	17,842	$	311,937	$	58,632	$	22,598

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract assets and contract liabilities recognized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Accounts receivable, net	$	278,064	$	270,812
Deferred revenues		20,322		16,940
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		21,964		18,624
Customer deposits		28,410		34,235

Accounts receivable, net includes $43.1 million and $39.5 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. We have accrued the unbilled receivables for work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where we received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the

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contract term. We recognized revenue of $6.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2018.  

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. We recognized $2.2 million of amortization for these costs in the first three months of 2019 within depreciation and amortization expense. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or transition activities and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and transition/set-up costs. Examples of such capitalized costs include hourly labor and related fringe benefits and travel costs.Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, we recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. The majority of the amounts recorded as of December 31, 2018 were used to pay for postage with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, we assess the goods and services promised in our contracts and identify each distinct performance obligation. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of our business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we estimate our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. We also use the adjusted market approach whereby we estimate the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, we consider the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of our software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, we analyze, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable consideration. The nature of our contracts give rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. We do not anticipate significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

We include reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, we did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (1) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (2) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of our contracts. We have certain non-cancellable contracts where we receive a fixed monthly fee in exchange for a series of

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distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2019 in each of the future periods below:

Estimated Remaining Fixed Consideration for Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Remainder of 2019	$	29,108
2020		23,170
2021		14,412
2022		5,389
2023		1,785
2024 and thereafter		820
Total	$	74,684

4.     Leases

The following table summarizes the impact of the changes made to the January 1, 2019 consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of the new accounting standard pertaining to leases. The prior periods have not been restated and have been reported under the accounting standard in effect for those periods.

	Balance at		Impact of		Balance at
	December 31,		Lease Standard		January 1,
	2018				2019
Total assets	$	1,639,782	$	102,651	$	1,742,433
Total current liabilities		432,722		25,304		458,026
Total long-term liabilities		1,820,788		79,703		1,900,491

The increase in total assets and total liabilities at March 31, 2019 from December 31, 2018 was primarily due to the impact from the adoption of the new accounting standard pertaining to lease arrangements. See Note 2 for additional information on the impact of the adoption of this standard.

The Company determines if a contract is, or contains, a lease at contract inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion in the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, current portion of finance lease obligations and finance lease obligations, net of current portion in the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In addition, ROU assets include initial direct costs incurred by the lessee as well as any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, and exclude lease incentives. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Leases with a term of one year or less are generally not included in ROU assets and liabilities.

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as follows:

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	March 31,
	2019
Balance sheet location:
Operating Lease
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$	100,727
Current portion of operating lease obligations		27,368
Operating lease right-of-use liability, net of current portion		78,290
Finance Lease
Finance lease right-of-use asset, net (included in property, plant and equipment, net)		17,351
Current portion of finance lease obligations		15,961
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion		27,231

As of March 31, 2019, weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases and finance leases was 4.83 years and 3.49 years, respectively. The weighted-average discount rate for operating leases and finance leases was 9.80% and 7.85%, respectively.

The interest on financing lease liabilities for the three months ended  March 31, 2019 was $0.8 million. The amortization expense on finance lease right-of-use assets for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $3.4 million.

The following table summarizes maturities of finance and operating lease liabilities based on lease term as of March 31, 2019:

	Finance		Operating
	Leases		Leases
Remainder of 2019	$	15,199	$	20,636
2020		12,876		25,099
2021		10,119		20,194
2022		4,529		15,763
2023		3,062		11,671
2024 and thereafter		4,064		21,253
Total lease payments		49,849		114,616
Less: Imputed interest		6,657		8,958
Present value of lease liabilities	$	43,192	$	105,658

At December 31, 2018, the Company had the following future minimum payments due under non‐cancelable leases:

		Finance	Operating
		Leases	Leases
2019	$	20,080	$	38,057
2020		11,851		29,346
2021		9,018		22,239
2022		4,169		16,782
2023		2,244		12,302
2024 and thereafter		3,617		18,874
Total minimum lease payments	$	50,979	$	137,600
Less: imputed interest		6,743
Total net minimum lease payments		44,236
Less: Current portion of obligations under finance leases		17,498
Long-term portion of obligations under finance leases	$	26,738

Consolidated rental expense for all operating leases was $83.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Consolidated rental expense for all operating leases was $15.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. 

The following table summarizes the cash paid and related right-of-use operating finance or operating lease recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	-
Operating cash flows from operating leases	9,374
Financing cash flows from finance leases	5,077
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases	2,904
Finance leases	4,097

5.     Intangibles Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:

	March 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying				Intangible
	Amount (a)		Amortization		Asset, net
Customer relationships	$	507,944	$	(203,822)	$	304,122
Developed technology		89,053		(86,651)		2,402
Trade names  (b)		9,400		(3,100)		6,300
Outsource contract costs		52,378		(30,414)		21,964
Internally developed software		39,000		(6,881)		32,119
Trademarks		23,378		(23,370)		8
Non compete agreements		1,350		(1,350)		—
Assembled workforce		4,473		(280)		4,193
Purchased software		26,749		(446)		26,303
Intangibles, net	$	753,725	$	(356,314)	$	397,411

	December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying				Intangible
	Amount (a)		Amortization		Asset, net
Customer relationships	$	507,905	$	(190,666)	$	317,239
Developed technology		89,053		(85,967)		3,086
Trade names  (b)		9,400		(3,100)		6,300
Outsource contract costs		46,342		(27,719)		18,623
Internally developed software		36,820		(6,278)		30,542
Trademarks		23,379		(23,370)		9
Non compete agreements		1,350		(1,350)		—
Assembled workforce		4,473		—		4,473
Purchased software		26,749		—		26,749
Intangibles, net	$	745,471	$	(338,450)	$	407,021

(a) Amounts include intangible assets acquired in business combinations. 

(b) The carrying amount of trade names for 2019 and 2018 is net of accumulated impairment losses of $43.1 million, of which $3.7 million was recognized in 2018.

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Goodwill

Goodwill by reporting segment consists of the following:

										Currency
										Translation
	Goodwill			Additions			Reductions			Adjustments		Goodwill (a)
ITPS	$	566,215	$	5,580	(c)	$			$	(220)	$	571,575
HS		86,786										86,786
LLPS		94,324					(44,427)	(b)				49,897
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	747,325	$	5,580		$	(44,427)		$	(220)	$	708,258
ITPS		571,575								27		571,602
HS		86,786										86,786
LLPS		49,897										49,897
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	708,258	$	—		$	—		$	27	$	708,285

(a) The goodwill amount for all periods presented is net of accumulated impairment losses of $137.9 million.

(b) The reduction in goodwill is due to $44.4 million, including taxes, for impairment recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018.

(c) Addition to goodwill due to the acquisition of Asterion International Group (“Asterion” and, “Asterion Business Combination”) and immaterial acquisitions in the third and fourth quarters of 2018.

6.     Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities

Senior Secured Notes

On July 12, 2017, the Company issued $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of 10.0% First Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2023 with an original issue discount (“OID”) of $22.5 million (the “Notes”).  The Notes are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 10.0% per year.  The Company pays interest on the Notes on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2018.  The Notes will mature on July 15, 2023.

Senior Credit Facilities

On July 12, 2017, the Company entered into a First Lien Credit Agreement with Royal Bank of Canada, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, Natixis, New York Branch and KKR Corporate Lending LLC (the “Credit Agreement”) providing Exela Intermediate LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, a (i) $350.0 million senior secured term loan maturing July 12, 2023 with an OID of $7.0 million, and (ii) a $100.0 million senior secured revolving facility maturing July 12, 2022, $30.0 million   of which is currently drawn. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding irrevocable letters of credit totaling approximately $21.0 million and $20.6 million, respectively, under the senior secured revolving facility.

The Credit Agreement provides for the following interest rates for borrowings under the senior secured term facility and senior secured revolving facility: at the Company’s option, either (1) an adjusted LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor in the case of term loans, or (2) a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured term facility is 7.5% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.5% with respect to base rate borrowings. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured revolving facility is 7.0% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.0% with respect to base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the senior secured revolving facility is subject to step-downs based on leverage ratios. The senior secured term loan is subject to amortization payments, commencing on the last day of the first full fiscal quarter of the Company following the closing date, of 0.6% of the aggregate principal amount for each of the first eight payments and 1.3% of the aggregate principal amount for payments thereafter, with any balance due at maturity.

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Term Loan Repricing

On July 13, 2018, Exela successfully repriced the $343.4 million of term loans outstanding under its senior secured credit facilities (the “Repricing”). The Repricing was accomplished pursuant to a First Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among the Company’s subsidiaries Exela Intermediate Holdings LLC, Exela Intermediate, LLC, each “Subsidiary Loan Party” listed on the signature pages thereto, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and each of the lenders party thereto, whereby the Company borrowed $343.4 million of refinancing term loans (the “Repricing Term Loans”) to refinance the Company’s existing senior secured term loans.

In accordance with ASC 470 -- Debt -- Modifications and Extinguishments, as a result of certain lenders that participated in Exela's debt structure prior to the Term Loan Repricing and the Company's debt structure after the refinancing, it was determined that a portion of the refinancing of Exela's senior secured credit facilities would be accounted for as a debt modification, and the remaining would be accounted for as an extinguishment. The Company incurred $1.0 million in new debt issuance costs related to the refinancing, of which $1.0 million was expensed pursuant to modification accounting. The proportion of debt that was extinguished resulted in a write off of previously recognized debt issue costs of $0.1 million. Additionally, for the new lenders who exceeded the 10% test, less than $0.1 million was recorded as additional debt issue costs. All unamortized costs and discounts will be amortized over the life of the new term loan using the effective interest rate of the term loan.

The Repricing Term Loans will bear interest at a rate per annum of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.00% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.50% for LIBOR loans and 5.50% for base rate loans. The interest rates applicable to the Repricing Term Loans are 100 basis points lower than the interest rates applicable to the existing senior secured term loans that were incurred on July 12, 2017 pursuant to the Credit Agreement.  The Repricing Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the existing senior secured term loans.

Incremental Term Loan

On July 13, 2018, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “Incremental Term Loans”) under the First Amendment. The proceeds of the Incremental Term Loans may be used by the Company for general corporate purposes and to pay fees and expenses in connection with the First Amendment. The interest rates applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are the same as those for the Repricing Term Loans.

The Company may voluntarily repay the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans (collectively, the “Term Loans”) at any time, without prepayment premium or penalty, except in connection with a repricing event as described in the following sentence, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR rate loans.  Any refinancing of the Term Loans through the issuance of certain debt or any repricing amendment, in either case, that constitutes a “repricing event” applicable to the Term Loans resulting in a lower yield occurring at any time during the first six months after July 13, 2018 will be accompanied by a 1.00% prepayment premium or fee, as applicable.

Other than as described above, the terms, conditions and covenants applicable to the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans are consistent with the terms, conditions and covenants that were applicable to the Existing Term Loans under the Credit Agreement. The Repricing and issuance of the Incremental Term Loans resulted in a partial debt extinguishment, for which Exela recognized $1.1 million in debt extinguishment costs in the third quarter of 2018. See Note 15, Subsequent Events, for information on an additional incremental term loan under the Credit Agreement that occurred after March 31, 2019.

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Long-Term Debt Outstanding 

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the following long-term debt instruments were outstanding:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Other (a)		28,334		25,321
First lien credit agreement (b)		335,104		335,896
Senior secured notes (c)		975,535		974,443
Revolver		30,000		—
Total debt		1,368,973		1,335,660
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		(32,821)		(29,237)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	1,336,152	$	1,306,423

(a) Other debt represents the Company’s outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware and software purchases along with loans entered into by subsidiaries of the Company.

(b) Net of unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of $7.9million and $23.3 million as of March 31, 2019 and $8.3 million and $24.5 million as of December 31, 2018.

(c) Net of unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs of $17.5 million and $7.0 million as of March 31, 2019 and $18.2 million and $7.3 million as of December 31, 2018.

7.     Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating a tax provision for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $4.7 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company's ETR of (18.7%) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets on U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforward’s created by the provisions of the TCJA.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company’s ETR of (20.2%) differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0%, and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforward’s created by the provisions of the TCJA.

As of March 31, 2019, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions previously determined for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company's valuation allowances have increased by approximately $6.3 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 due largely to effects of TCJA relating to interest expense.

8.     Employee Benefit Plans

German Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in Germany provides pension benefits to certain retirees. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who started working for the Company prior to September 30, 1987 and have finished a qualifying period of at least 10 years. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. The German pension plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets.  

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U.K. Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in the United Kingdom provides pension benefits to certain retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to October 2001. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan.

Norway Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in Norway provides pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to March 2018. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. 

Asterion Pension Plan

The Company acquired certain pension benefit obligations to eligible retirees and eligible dependents in 2018 pursuant to the Asterion Business Combination. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to July 2003. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. As there are no active employees for this plan there are no earned pension entitlements and actuarial assumptions are only measured when assumptions are changed.

Tax Effect on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 the Company recorded actuarial losses of $9.5 million and $9.3 million in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively, which is net of a deferred tax benefit of $2.1 million.

Pension Expense

The components of the net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Service cost	$	23	$	2
Interest cost		605		586
Expected return on plan assets		(626)		(719)
Amortization:
Amortization of prior service cost		26		(36)
Amortization of net (gain) loss		415		463
Net periodic benefit cost	$	443	$	296

Upon adopting ASU no. 2017-07 as described in Note 2, the Company now records pension interest cost within Interest expense, net. Expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net losses are recorded within Other income, net. Service cost is recorded within Cost of revenue.

Employer Contributions

The Company’s funding of employer contributions is based on governmental requirements and differs from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company made contributions of $0.8 million and $0.6 million to its

17

pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company has funded the pension plans with the required contributions for 2019 based on current plan provisions.

9.     Commitments and Contingencies

Appraisal Demand

On September 21, 2017, former stockholders of SourceHOV Holdings, Inc. (“SourceHOV”), who allege combined ownership of 10,304 shares of SourceHOV common stock, filed a petition for appraisal pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262 in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Manichaean Capital, LLC, et al. v. SourceHOV Holdings, Inc., C.A. No. 2017-0673-JRS (the "Appraisal Action"). The Appraisal Action arises out of the acquisition of SourceHOV and Novitex Holdings, Inc, by Quinpario in July 2017 (“Novitex Business Combination”), which gave rise to appraisal rights pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262. In the Appraisal Action, the petitioners seek, among other things, a determination of the fair value of their SourceHOV shares at the time of the Novitex Business Combination; an order that SourceHOV pay that value to the petitioners, together with interest at the statutory rate; and an award of costs, attorneys' fees, and other expenses.

On October 12, 2017, SourceHOV filed its answer to the petition and a verified list pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262(f). Trial is currently scheduled for June 2019. The parties and their experts have offered competing valuations of the SourceHOV shares as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination. The Court may determine a fair value that is above or below the values indicated by the parties and their experts. At this stage of the litigation, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of the Appraisal Action or estimate what the Court will determine the fair value of SourceHOV common stock to be as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination. Pursuant to the terms of the Novitex Business Combination Agreement, if such appraisal rights are perfected, a corresponding portion of shares of our Common Stock issued to Ex-Sigma 2 LLC, our principal stockholder, will be forfeited at such time as the PIPE Financing (as defined in the Consent, Waiver and Amendment dated June 15, 2017) is repaid. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the Appraisal Action.

10.   Fair Value Measurement

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. Management estimates the fair values of the secured term loan and secured notes at approximately 99.6% and 101.8% respectively, of the respective principal balance outstanding as of March 31, 2019. The carrying value approximates the fair value for the long-term debt. Other debt represents the Company's outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware and software purchases along with loans entered into by subsidiaries of the Company and as such, the cost incurred would approximate fair value. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

The Company determined the fair value of its long-term debt using Level 2 inputs including the recent issue of the debt, the Company’s credit rating, and the current risk-free rate. The Company’s contingent liabilities related to prior acquisitions are re-measured each period and represent a Level 2 measurement as it is based on using an earn out method based on the agreement terms.

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The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	Carrying		Fair		Fair Value Measurements
As of March 31, 2019	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Recurring and nonrecurring assets and liabilities:
Acquisition contingent liability	$	721	$	721	$	—	$	—	$	721
Long-term debt		1,336,152		1,377,941		—		1,377,941		—
Interest rate swap		2,160		2,160		—		2,160		—
Goodwill		708,285		708,285		—		—		708,285

	Carrying		Fair		Fair Value Measurements
As of December 31, 2018	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Recurring and nonrecurring assets and liabilities:
Acquisition contingent liability	$	721	$	721	$	—	$	—	$	721
Long-term debt		1,306,423		1,316,306		—		1,316,306		—
Interest rate swap		3,836		3,836		—		3,836		—
Goodwill		708,258		708,258		—		—		708,258

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of the Company’s acquisition contingent liability are the discount rate, growth assumptions, and revenue thresholds. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the forecasted financial information would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. For all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Level 3 liabilities, a change in one of the inputs would not necessarily result in a directionally similar change in the other based on the current level of billings.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 for which a reconciliation is required:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Balance as of January 1,	$	721	$	721
Payments/Reductions		—		—
Balance as of March 31,	$	721	$	721

11.Stock-Based Compensation

At closing of the Novitex Business Combination,  SourceHOV had 24,535 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) outstanding under its 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan ("2013 Plan"). Simultaneous with the closing of the Novitex Business Combination, the 2013 Plan, as well as all vested and unvested RSUs under the 2013 Plan, were assumed by Ex-Sigma, LLC (“ExSigma”), an entity formed by the former SourceHOV equity holders, which is also the Company's principal stockholder. In accordance with GAAP, the Company continues to incur compensation expense related to the 9,880 unvested RSUs as of July 12, 2017 on a straight-line basis until fully vested, as the recipients of the RSUs are employees of the Company. Subject to continuous employment and other terms of the 2013 Plan, all remaining unvested RSUs with an initial vesting period of three or four years will vest in April 2019. As of March 31, 2019 there are 2,675 nonvested shares related to the 2013 Plan with a weighted average remaining contractual life of .08 years and a weighted average aggregate intrinsic value per share of $1,633.

Exela 2018 Stock Incentive Plan

On January 17, 2018, Exela’s 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) became effective. The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights,

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performance awards, and other stock-based compensation to eligible participants. Under the 2018 Plan, stock options are granted at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value per share of the underlying stock at the grant date. The vesting period for each option award is established on the grant date, and the options generally expire 10 years from the grant date. The Company is authorized to issue up to 8,323,764 shares of Common Stock under the 2018 Plan.

Restricted Stock Unit Grants

Restricted stock awards generally vest ratably over a one to two year period. Shares of restricted stock granted under the 2018 Plan are considered issued and outstanding at the date of grant and have the same voting rights as other outstanding common stock. Restricted stock units are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting and are expensed ratably over the vesting period. No awards were issued under the 2018 Plan as of March 31, 2018.

A summary of the status of restricted stock units related to the 2018 Plan as of March 31, 2019 is presented as follows:

				Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number	Average Grant		Contractual Life	Aggregate
	of Shares	Date Fair Value		(Years)	Intrinsic Value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	893,297		5.86	0.76		5,239
Shares granted	—			—		—
Shares forfeited	(48,000)		—	—		—
Shares vested	—		—	—		—
Balance as of March 31, 2019	845,297	$	6.12	0.55	$	4,952

Options

Options are granted at not less than fair market value on the date of grant and expire no later than ten years after the date of grant. Options granted under the 2018 Plan generally require no less than a two or four year ratable vesting period. There was no stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Stock option activity in the first three months of 2019 is summarized in the following table:

		Weighted		Average Remaining
		Average		Vesting Period	Aggregate
	Outstanding	Exercise Price		(Years)	Intrinsic Value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	3,570,300	$	6.06	2.92		9,590
Granted	—		—	—		—
Exercised	—		—	—		—
Forfeited	(192,000)		—	—		—
Expired	—		—	—		—
Balance as of March 31, 2019	3,378,300	$	6.07	2.71	$	9,074

As of March 31, 2019, there was approximately $10.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested awards for the 2013 Plan and 2018 Plan, which will be recognized over the respective service period.

Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within Selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company incurred total compensation expense of $1.0 million and $1.8 related to the 2013 Plan and 2018 Plan awards, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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12.   Stockholders’ Equity

The following description summarizes the material terms and provisions of the securities that the Company has authorized.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 1,600,000,000 shares of Common Stock.  Except as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred stock, the holders of Common Stock possess all voting power for the election of Exela's directors and all other matters requiring stockholder action and will at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of Exela stockholders. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders.  Holders of Common Stock will be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors in its discretion out of funds legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and distributions. The holders of the Common Stock have no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to the Common Stock. In January 2018, 1,625,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 1,987,767 shares of Common Stock. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were 152,692,140 shares of Common Stock issued and 150,142,955 shares outstanding.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 4,569,233 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. The par value of Series A Preferred Stock is $0.0001 per share. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock will be convertible at the holder's option, at any time after the six-month anniversary and prior to the third anniversary of the issue date, initially into 1.2226 shares of Common Stock.

Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive cumulative dividends at a rate per annum of 10% of the Liquidation Preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock, paid or accrued quarterly in arrears. From the issue date until the third anniversary of the issue date, the amount of all accrued but unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock will be added to the Liquidation Preference without any action by the Company’s board of directors. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 this amount was $0.9 million as reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The cumulative accrued but unpaid dividends of the Series A Preferred Stock since their inception on July 12, 2017 is $7.1 million. The per share average of cumulative preferred dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is 0.2 dollars.

Following the third anniversary of the issue date, dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock will be accrued by adding to the Liquidation Preference or paid in cash, or a combination thereof. In addition, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will participate in any dividend or distribution of cash or other property paid in respect of the Common Stock pro rata with the holders of the Common Stock (other than certain dividends or distributions that trigger an adjustment to the conversion rate, as described in the Certificate of Designations), as if all shares of Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock immediately prior to the date on which such holders of the Common Stock became entitled to such dividend or distribution.

Treasury Stock

On November 8, 2017, the Company's board of directors authorized a share buyback program (the "Share Buyback Program"), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of its Common Stock. Share repurchases may be executed through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The decision as to whether to purchase any shares and the timing of purchases, if any, will be based on the price of the Company's Common Stock, general business and market conditions and other investment considerations and factors. The Share Buyback Program does not obligate the Company to purchase any shares and expires in 24 months. The Share Buyback Program may be terminated or amended by the

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Company's board of directors in its discretion at any time. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. As of March 31, 2019, 2,549,185 shares had been repurchased under the Share Buyback Program and are held in treasury stock. The Company records treasury stock using the cost method.

Warrants

At March 31, 2019 there were 34,988,302 warrants outstanding. As part of its IPO, Quinpario had issued 35,000,000 units including one share of common stock and one warrant of which 34,988,302 have been separated from the original unit and 11,698 warrants remain an unseparated part of the originally issued units. The warrants are traded on the OTC Bulletin Board as of March 31, 2019.  

Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one-half of one share of Common Stock at a price of $5.75 per half share ($11.50 per whole share). Warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares of Common Stock. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the warrants. Each warrant is currently exercisable and will expire July 12, 2022 (five years after the completion of the Novitex Business Combination), or earlier upon redemption.

The Company may call the warrants for redemption at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if, and only if, the last sales price of shares of Common Stock equals or exceeds $24.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period (the “30-day trading period”) ending three business days before we send the notice of redemption, and if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying such warrants commencing five business days prior to the 30-day trading period and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.

13.   Related-Party Transactions

Leasing Transactions

Certain operating companies lease their operating facilities from HOV RE, LLC and HOV Services Limited, which are affiliates through common interest held by Ex-Sigma 2 LLC, our largest stockholder. The rental expense for these operating leases was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Consulting Agreement

The Company receives services from Oakana Holdings, Inc. The Company and Oakana Holdings, Inc. are related through a family relationship between certain shareholders and the president of Oakana Holdings, Inc. The expense recognized for these services was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Company received consulting services from Shadow Pond, LLC. Shadow Pond, LLC is wholly owned and controlled by Vik Negi, our Executive Vice President Treasury and Business Affairs. The consulting arrangement was established to compensate Mr. Negi for his services to the Company prior to becoming an employee. The expense recognized for these services was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This consulting arrangement with Shadow Pond, LLC terminated on April 1, 2018 and Mr. Negi continues to provide services as an employee of the Company. As such, there were no additional expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Relationship with HandsOn Global Management

Pursuant to a master agreement dated January 1, 2015 between Rule 14, LLC and SourceHOV, the Company incurs marketing fees to Rule 14, LLC, a portfolio company of HOVS LLC and HandsOn Fund 4 I, LLC (“HGM”). Similarly, SourceHOV is party to ten master agreements with entities affiliated with HGM's managed funds, each of which were entered into during 2015 and 2016. Each master agreement provides SourceHOV with free use of technology and includes a reseller arrangement pursuant to which SourceHOV is entitled to sell these services to third parties. Any revenue earned by SourceHOV in such third-party sale is shared 75%/25% with each of HGM's venture affiliates in favor of SourceHOV. The brands Zuma, Athena, Peri, BancMate, Spring, Jet, Teletype, CourtQ and Rewardio are part of the HGM managed funds. SourceHOV has the license to use and resell such brands, as described therein. We incurred

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fees relating to these agreements of less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Relationship with HOV Services, Ltd.

HOV Services, Ltd. provides the Company data capture and technology services. HOV Services, Ltd is an indirect equity holder of Ex-Sigma LLC. The expense recognized for these services was $0.4 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These expenses are included in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.

Relationship with Apollo Global Management, LLC

The Company provides services to and receives services from certain Apollo Global Management, LLC (“Apollo”) affiliated companies. Funds managed by Apollo have the right to designate two of the Company’s directors. On November 18, 2014, the Company's subsidiary, Exela Enterprises Solutions, Inc. (“Solutions”), entered into a master services agreement with Management Holdings, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Solutions provides Management Holdings printer supplies and maintenance services, including toner maintenance, training, quarterly business review and printer procurement. We recognized revenue of $0.1 million and $0.1 million in our consolidated statements of operations from Apollo affiliated companies under this agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

On January 18, 2017, Solutions entered into a master purchase and professional services agreement with Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC ("Caesars"). Caesars is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master purchase and professional services agreement, Solutions provides managed print services to Caesars, including general equipment operation, supply management, support services and technical support. We recognized revenue of approximately $1.1 million and $1.0 million in our consolidated statements of operations from Caesars under this master purchase and professional services agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  

On May 5, 2017, Solutions entered into a master services agreement with ADT LLC. ADT LLC is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Solutions provides ADT LLC with mailroom and onsite mail delivery services at an ADT LLC office location and managed print services, including supply management, equipment maintenance and technical support services. We recognized revenue of $0.3 million and $0.1 million in our consolidated statements of operations from ADT LLC under this master services agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

On July 20, 2017, Solutions entered into a master services agreement with Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company. Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Solutions provides commercial print and promotional product procurement services to Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company, including sourcing, inventory management and fulfillment services. The Company recognized revenue of $1.7 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and cost of revenue of $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 respectively, from Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company under this master services agreement. 

In April 2016, Solutions entered into a master services agreement with Presidio Networked Solutions Group, LLC ("Presidio Group"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Presidio, Inc., a portion of which is owned by affiliates of Apollo and with a common Apollo designated director. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Presidio Group provides Solutions with employees, subcontractors, and/or goods and services. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 there were related party expenses of $0.2 million and $0.1 million,  respectively, for this service. 

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Payable Balances with Affiliates

Payable balances with affiliates as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	Payable		Payable
HOV Services, Ltd	$	367	$	405
Rule 14		110		127
HGM		5,450		6,998
Apollo affiliated company		241		205
Oakana		16		—
	$	6,184	$	7,735

14. Segment and Geographic Area Information

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approach the markets and interacts with its clients. The Company is organized into three segments: ITPS, HS, and LLPS.

ITPS: The ITPS segment provides a wide range of solutions and services designed to aid businesses in information capture, processing, decisioning and distribution to customers primarily in the financial services, commercial, public sector and legal industries.

HS: The HS segment operates and maintains a consulting and outsourcing business specializing in both the healthcare provider and payer markets.

LLPS: The LLPS segment provides a broad and active array of legal services in connection with class action, bankruptcy labor, claims adjudication and employment and other legal matters.

The chief operating decision maker reviews operating segment revenue and cost of revenue. The Company does not allocate Selling, general, and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense and sundry, net. The Company manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment, and therefore asset information and capital expenditures by operating segments are not presented.

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	ITPS	HS	LLPS	Total
Revenue	324,580	61,343	17,842		403,765
Cost of revenue	257,388	38,506	10,988		306,882
Selling, general and administrative expenses					49,949
Depreciation and amortization					28,020
Related party expense					994
Interest expense, net					38,899
Sundry expense (income), net					2,531
Other income, net					1,677
Net loss before income taxes				$	(25,187)

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	Three months ended March 31, 2018
	ITPS	HS	LLPS	Total
Revenue	311,937	58,632	22,598		393,167
Cost of revenue	245,173	34,956	13,663		293,792
Selling, general and administrative expenses					45,595
Depreciation and amortization					38,019
Related party expense					1,105
Interest expense, net					38,017
Sundry expense, net					(64)
Other income, net					(3,328)
Net loss before income taxes				$	(19,969)

15. Subsequent Events

2019 Incremental Term Loan

On April 16, 2019, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “2019 Incremental Term Loans”) under the Second Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”). The proceeds of the 2019 Incremental Term Loans were used to replace the cash spent for acquisitions, pay related fees, expenses and related borrowings and may also be used for general corporate purposes.

The 2019 Incremental Term Loans will bear interest at a rate per annum that is the same as the Company’s existing senior secured term loans consisting of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.00% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.50% for LIBOR loans and 5.50% for base rate loans. The 2019 Incremental Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans.

The Company may voluntarily repay the 2019 Incremental Term Loans at any time, without prepayment premium or penalty, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR rate loans.

Other than as described above, the terms, conditions and covenants applicable to the 2019 Incremental Term Loans are consistent with the terms, conditions and covenants that were applicable to the Repricing Term Loans and Incremental Term Loans under the Credit Agreement and which are described in the registrant’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 18, 2017 and July 17, 2018.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10‑Q. Among other things, the condensed consolidated financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the financial data than included in the following discussion. Amounts in thousands of United States dollars.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this quarterly report are not historical facts but are forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally are accompanied by words such as “may”, “should”, “would”, “plan”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “seem”, “seek”, “continue”, “future”, “will”, “expect”, “outlook” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our industry, future events, the estimated or anticipated future results and benefits of the Novitex Business Combination, future opportunities for the combined company, and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are based on the current expectations of Exela management and are not predictions of actual performance. These statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties regarding Exela’s businesses and actual results may differ materially. The factors that may affect our results include, among others: the impact of political and economic conditions on the demand for our services; the impact of a data or security breach; the impact of competition or alternatives to our services on our business pricing and other actions by competitors; our ability to address technological development and change in order to keep pace with our industry and the industries of our customers; the impact of terrorism, natural disasters or similar events on our business; the effect of legislative and regulatory actions in the United States and internationally; the impact of operational failure due to the unavailability or failure of third-party services on which we rely; the effect of intellectual property infringement; and other factors discussed in this quarterly report and our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (our “Annual Report”) under the heading “Risk Factors” as supplemented by risk factors described in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our quarterly report for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and otherwise identified or discussed in this quarterly report. You should consider these factors carefully in evaluating forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. It is impossible for us to predict new events or circumstances that may arise in the future or how they may affect us. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this quarterly report. We are not including the information provided on the websites referenced herein as part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this quarterly report. In addition, forward-looking statements provide Exela’s expectations, plans or forecasts of future events and views as of the date of this quarterly report. Exela anticipates that subsequent events and developments will cause Exela’s assessments to change. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing Exela’s assessments as of any date subsequent to the date of this quarterly report.

Overview

We are a global provider of transaction processing solutions, enterprise information management, document management and digital business process services. Our technology-enabled solutions allow multi-national organizations to address critical challenges resulting from the massive amounts of data obtained and created through their daily global operations. Our solutions address the life cycle of transaction processing and enterprise information management, from enabling payment gateways and data exchanges across multiple systems, to matching inputs against contracts and handling exceptions, to ultimately depositing payments and distributing communications. We believe our process expertise, information technology capabilities and operational insights enable our clients’ organizations to more efficiently and effectively execute transactions, make decisions, drive revenue and profitability, and communicate critical information to their employees, customers, partners, and vendors.

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History

We are a former blank check company that completed our initial public offering on January 22, 2015. In July 2017, Exela Technologies, Inc. (“Exela”), formerly known as Quinpario Acquisition Corp. 2 (“Quinpario”), completed its acquisition of SourceHOV Holdings, Inc. (“SourceHOV”) and Novitex Holdings, Inc. (“Novitex”) pursuant to the business combination agreement dated February 21, 2017 (“Novitex Business Combination”). In conjunction with the completion of the Novitex Business Combination, Quinpario was renamed as Exela Technologies, Inc.

The Novitex Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse merger for which SourceHOV was determined to be the accounting acquirer. Outstanding shares of SourceHOV were converted into equity in a newly formed entity that acquired our common shares, presented as a recapitalization, and the net assets of Quinpario were acquired at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The acquisition of Novitex was treated as a business combination under ASC 805 and was accounted for using the acquisition method.  The strategic combination of SourceHOV and Novitex formed Exela, which is one of the largest global providers of information processing solutions based on revenues.

Our Segments

Our three reportable segments are Information & Transaction Processing Solutions (“ITPS”), Healthcare Solutions (“HS”), and Legal & Loss Prevention Services (“LLPS”). These segments are comprised of significant strategic business units that align our TPS and EIM products and services with how we manage our business, approach our key markets and interact with our customers based on their respective industries.

ITPS:  Our largest segment, ITPS, provides a wide range of solutions and services designed to aid businesses in information capture, processing, decisioning and distribution to customers primarily in the financial services, commercial, public sector and legal industries. Our major customers include 9 of the top 10 U.S. banks, 7 of the top 10 U.S. insurance companies, 5 of the top U.S. telecom companies, over 40 utility companies, over 30 state and county departments, and over 80 government entities. Our ITPS offerings enable companies to increase availability of working capital, reduce turnaround times for application processes, increase regulatory compliance and enhance consumer engagement.

HS:  HS operates and maintains a consulting and outsourcing business specializing in both the healthcare provider and payer markets. We serve the top 5 healthcare insurance payers and over 900 healthcare providers.

LLPS:  Our LLPS segment provides a broad and active array of support services in connection with class action, bankruptcy labor, claims adjudication and employment and other legal matters. Our customer base consists of corporate counsel, government attorneys, and law firms.

Acquisitions

On April 10, 2018, Exela completed the acquisition of Asterion International Group (“Asterion”), a well-established provider of technology driven business process outsourcing, document management and business process automation (“BPA”) across Europe. Asterion currently serves over 250 key customers in Europe from 13 operating locations and 30 customer sites. The purchase price was approximately $19.5 million. The acquisition comes with minimal customer overlap and is strategic to expand Exela’s pro forma combined European business to over $200 million in annual revenue. This acquisition will not only enable Asterion’s customers to access Exela’s full suite of BPA solutions but also strategically position Exela to expand its existing revenue base through a broader portfolio of offerings with a larger European presence.

Revenues

ITPS revenues are primarily generated from a transaction-based pricing model for the various types of volumes processed, licensing and maintenance fees for technology sales, and a mix of fixed management fee and transactional

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revenue for document logistics and location services. HS revenues are primarily generated from a transaction-based pricing model for the various types of volumes processed for healthcare payers and providers. LLPS revenues are primarily based on time and materials pricing as well as through transactional services priced on a per item basis.

People

We draw on the business and technical expertise of our talented and diverse global workforce to provide our customers with high-quality services. Our business leaders bring a strong diversity of experience in our industry and a track record of successful performance and execution.

Costs associated with our employees represent the most significant expense for our business. We incurred personnel costs of $178.1 million and $167.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The majority of our personnel costs are variable and incurred only while we are providing our services.

Key Performance Indicators

We use a variety of operational and financial measures to assess our performance. Among the measures considered by our management are the following:

· Revenue by segment;

· EBITDA; and

· Adjusted EBITDA

Revenue by segment

We analyze our revenue by comparing actual monthly revenue to internal projections and prior periods across our operating segments in order to assess performance, identify potential areas for improvement, and determine whether our segments are meeting management’s expectations.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance. We define EBITDA as net income, plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus optimization and restructuring charges, including severance and retention expenses; transaction and integrations costs; other non-cash charges, including non-cash compensation, (gain) or loss from sale or disposal of assets, and impairment charges; and management fees and expenses. See ‘‘—Other Financial Information (Non-GAAP Financial Measures)’’ for more information and a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018		Change		% Change
Revenue:
ITPS	$	324,580	$	311,937	$	12,643		4.05%
HS		61,343		58,632		2,711		4.62%
LLPS		17,842		22,598		(4,756)		-21.05%
Total revenue		403,765		393,167		10,598		2.70%
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization):
ITPS		257,388		245,173		12,215		4.98%
HS		38,506		34,956		3,550		10.16%
LLPS		10,988		13,663		(2,675)		-19.58%
Total cost of revenues		306,882		293,792		13,090		4.46%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		49,949		45,595		4,354		9.55%
Depreciation and amortization		28,020		38,019		(9,999)		-26.30%
Related party expense		994		1,105		(111)		-10.02%
Operating income		17,920		14,656		3,264		22.27%
Interest expense, net		38,899		38,017		882		2.32%
Sundry expense (income), net		2,531		(64)		2,595		-4054.46%
Other (income), net		1,677		(3,328)		5,005		-150.38%
Net loss before income taxes		(25,187)		(19,969)		(5,218)		26.13%
Income tax (expense) benefit		(4,720)		(4,025)		(695)		17.27%
Net loss		(29,907)		(23,994)		(5,913)		24.64%

Revenue

Our ITPS, HS, and LLPS segments constituted 80.4%, 15.2%, and 4.4% of total revenue, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 79.3%, 15.1%, and 5.6%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

ITPS—The increase was primarily attributable to 2018 acquisitions,  which accounted for an increase of $31.3 million, and ramp up of new customers. This was offset by a decline of $16.6 million related to certain statements of work from one customer in the Enterprise solutions business.

HS—The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in our healthcare business due to ramp up of new customers and acquisitions, offset by a decline in business process outsourcing and a decline in volume from a single customer who lost a contract from one of its customers.

LLPS—Revenues decreased due to a decline in legal claims administration services of $2.9 million.

Cost of Revenue

The cost of revenue changes by operating segment was as follows:

ITPS—The increase corresponds with the related revenue increase related to 2018 acquisitions and the ramp up of new customers.

HS—The increase was primarily driven by an increase in health services corresponding with the related revenue increase.

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LLPS—The decrease was primarily attributable to a corresponding decrease in revenue in legal claims administration services.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 SG&A was higher mainly driven by higher stock compensation expense related to the equity awards granted to certain employees in the second half of 2018. The increase was also driven by higher investments in sales and strategy teams to drive the growth of the Company.

Depreciation & Amortization

Amortization expenses were lower for the three months ended March 31,2019 as compared to March 31, 2018 as a result of accelerated trade name write off during the financial year 2018. The accelerated trade name write off ended on December 31, 2018.

Related Party Expenses

Related party expenses remained materially consistent with the prior period.

Interest Expense

The Company pays interest on a semi-annual basis in the first and third quarters of each year as such, interest expense remained materially consistent with the prior period.

Sundry Expense (Income)

The increase was primarily attributable to foreign currency transaction losses associated with exchange rate fluctuations.

Other Income

The decrease is primarily attributable to an interest rate swap entered into in 2017. The interest rate swap was not designated as a hedge. As such, changes in the fair value of this derivative instrument are recorded directly in earnings. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 the fair value of the interest swap decreased $1.7 million and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 the fair value increased $3.3 million.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit

We had an income tax expense of $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to an income tax expense of $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The change in the income tax expense was primarily attributable to our change in judgment related to the realizability of certain deferred tax assets. The income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily related to the decrease of valuation allowance on a portion of the Company’s U.S. federal and state valuation allowance on deferred tax assets in connection with the acquisition of Novitex. The change in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 resulted from permanent tax adjustments and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances against disallowed interest expense deferred tax assets that are not more-likely-than-not to be realized.

Other Financial Information (Non-GAAP Financial Measures)

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance. We define EBITDA as net income, plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus optimization and restructuring charges, including severance and retention expenses; transaction and integrations costs; other non-cash charges, including non-cash compensation, (gain) or loss from sale or disposal of assets, and impairment charges; and management fees and expenses.

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We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we believe they provide useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting its business in addition to measures calculated under GAAP. Additionally, our credit agreement requires us to comply with certain EBITDA related metrics. Refer to ‘‘—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Facility.’’

Note Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our board of directors and management use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance, because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense), asset base (such as depreciation and amortization) and items outside the control of our management team. Net loss is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Each of these non-GAAP financial measures has important limitations as analytical tools because they exclude some but not all items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. You should not consider EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in isolation or as substitutes for an analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

Three Months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the Three Months ended March 31, 2018

The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net Loss	$	(29,907)	$	(23,994)
Taxes		4,720		4,025
Interest expense		38,899		38,017
Depreciation and amortization		28,020		38,019
EBITDA		41,732		56,067
Optimization and restructuring expenses(1)		25,789		14,513
Transaction and integration costs(2)		1,008		1,057
Non‑cash equity compensation(3)		2,798		959
Other charges including non-cash(4)		839		—
Loss on sale of assets		219		299
(Gain)/loss on derivative instruments(5)		1,677		(3,328)
Adjusted EBITDA		74,062		69,567

(1) Adjustment represents net salary and benefits associated with positions that are part of the on-going savings initiatives including severance, retention bonuses, and related fees and expenses. Additionally, the adjustment includes charges incurred by us to terminate existing lease and vendor contracts as part of the on-going savings initiatives.

(2) Represents costs incurred related to transactions for completed or contemplated transactions during the period.

(3) Represents the non-cash charges related to restricted stock units and options granted by Ex-Sigma, LLC and Exela to our employees that vested during the year.

(4) Represents fair value adjustments to deferred revenue and deferred rent accounts established as part of purchase accounting and other non-cash charges. Other charges include a portion of the Company’s transition expenses in 2019.

(5) Represents the impact of changes in the fair value of an interest rate swap entered into during the fourth quarter of 2017.

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EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA was $41.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $56.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Adjusted EBITDA was $74.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $69.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily due to a higher net loss as a result of changes to sundry expense and other income as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary source of liquidity is principally cash generated from operating activities supplemented as necessary on a short-term basis by borrowings against our senior secured revolving credit facility. We believe our current level of cash and short-term financing capabilities along with future cash flows from operations are sufficient to meet the needs of the business.

We currently expect to spend approximately $40 to $45 million on total capital expenditures over the next twelve months. We believe that our operating cash flow and available borrowings under our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months.

On July 13, 2018, Exela successfully repriced the $343.4 million of term loans outstanding under its senior secured credit facilities (the “Repricing Term Loans”). The interest rates applicable to the Repricing Term Loans are 100 basis points lower than the interest rates applicable to the existing senior secured term loans that were incurred on July 12, 2017 pursuant to the First Lien Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Repricing Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the existing senior secured term loans.

On July 13, 2018, the Company borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans under the Credit Agreement. On April 16, 2019, the Company borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans under the Credit Agreement. The proceeds of these incremental term loans (collectively, the “Incremental Term Loans”) were used to replace the cash spent for acquisitions, pay related fees, expenses and related borrowings and may also be used for general corporate purposes.

The Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans bear interest at a rate per annum consisting of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.00% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.50% for LIBOR loans and 5.50% for base rate loans. The Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023.

At March 31, 2019, cash and cash equivalents totaled $13.3 million and we had availability of $49.0 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Cash flow from operating activities	$	(37,139)	$	(20,083)
Cash flow used in investing activities		(13,005)		(8,643)
Cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities		19,582		(13,387)
Subtotal		(30,562)		(42,113)
Effect of exchange rates on cash		(32)		55
Net increase/(decrease) in cash		(30,594)		(42,058)

Analysis of Cash Flow Changes between the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and March  31, 2018

Operating Activities—The decrease of $17.1 million in cash flows from operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily due to lower cash flows relating to the timing of payment of accounts payable and accrued liabilities, an increase in cost of revenues due to 2018 acquisition activity, and an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets. The decrease was offset by increased revenues due to 2018 acquisition activity.

Investing Activities—The decrease of $4.4 million in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to additional outsourcing contract costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Financing Activities—The increase of $33.0 million in cash used in financing activities was primarily due to borrowings on the revolver and swing-line loan under the Credit Agreement and lower equity issuance costs offset by increases in principal payments on long-term obligations and a stock repurchase payment that was accrued for as of December 31, 2018 and paid in the first quarter of 2019.

Indebtedness

In connection with the Novitex Business Combination, we acquired debt facilities and issued notes totaling $1.4 billion. Proceeds from the indebtedness were used to pay off credit facilities existing immediately before the Novitex Business Combination.

Senior Credit Facilities

On July 12, 2017, the Company entered into a First Lien Credit Agreement with Royal Bank of Canada, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, Natixis, New York Branch and KKR Corporate Lending LLC (the “Credit Agreement”) providing Exela Intermediate LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, (i) a $350.0 million senior secured term loan maturing July 12, 2023 with an original issue discount of $7.0 million, and (ii) a $100.0 million senior secured revolving facility maturing July 12, 2022, $30.0 million of which is currently drawn. The Credit Agreement provides for the following interest rates for borrowings under the senior secured term facility and senior secured revolving facility: at the Company’s option, either (1) an adjusted LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor in the case of term loans, or (2) a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured term facility is 7.5% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.5% with respect to base rate borrowings. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured revolving facility is 7.0% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.0% with respect to base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the senior secured revolving facility is subject to step-downs based on leverage ratios. The senior secured term loan is subject to amortization payments, commencing on the last day of the first full fiscal quarter of the Company following the closing date, of 0.6% of the aggregate principal amount for each of the first eight payments and 1.3% of the aggregate principal amount for payments thereafter, with any balance due at maturity. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018 the interest rate applicable for the first lien senior secured term loan was 9.29% and 10.0%.

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Senior Secured Notes

Senior secured notes of $1.0 billion due July 2023 were also issued as part of the Novitex Business Combination. The notes bear interest at a rate of 10.0% per year. We pay interest on the notes on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2018. The notes are guaranteed by subsidiary guarantors pursuant to a supplemental indenture.

Term Loan Repricing

On July 13, 2018, Exela successfully repriced the $343.4 million of term loans outstanding under its senior secured credit facilities (the “Repricing”). The Repricing was accomplished pursuant to a First Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among Exela Intermediate Holdings LLC, the Company, each “Subsidiary Loan Party” listed on the signature pages thereto, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and each of the lenders party thereto, whereby the Company borrowed $343.4 million of refinancing term loans (the “Repricing Term Loans”) to refinance the Company’s existing senior secured term loans.

The Repricing Term Loans will bear interest at a rate per annum of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.00% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.50% for LIBOR loans and 5.50% for base rate loans.  The interest rates applicable to the Repricing Term Loans are 100 basis points lower than the interest rates applicable to the existing senior secured term loans that were incurred on July 12, 2017 pursuant to the First Lien Credit Agreement, by and among Exela Intermediate Holdings, LLC, the Company, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and each of the lenders party thereto.  The Repricing Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the existing senior secured term loans.

Incremental Term Loan

On July 13, 2018, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “2018 Incremental Term Loans”) under the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement. The proceeds of the 2018 Incremental Term Loans may be used by the Company for general corporate purposes and to pay fees and expenses in connection with the First Amendment. The interest rates applicable to the 2018 Incremental Term Loans are the same as those for the Repricing Term Loans.

On April 16, 2019, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “2019 Incremental Term Loans”, and, together with the 2018 Incremental Terms Loans, the “Incremental Term Loans”) under the Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement. The proceeds of the Incremental Term Loans were used to replace the cash spent for acquisitions, pay related fees, expenses and related borrowings and may also be used for general corporate purposes.

The Incremental Term Loans bear interest at a rate per annum that is the same as the Repricing Term Loans.  The Incremental Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the Repricing Term Loans.

The Company may voluntarily repay the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans (collectively, the “Term Loans”) at any time, without prepayment premium or penalty, except in connection with a repricing event as described in the following sentence, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR rate loans. Any refinancing of the Term Loans through the issuance of certain debt or any repricing amendment, in either case, that constitutes a “repricing event” applicable to the Term Loans resulting in a lower yield occurring at any time during the first six months after July 13, 2018 will be accompanied by a 1.00% prepayment premium or fee, as applicable.

 Other than as described above, the terms, conditions and covenants applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are consistent with the terms, conditions and covenants that were applicable to the Repricing Term Loans under the

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Credit Agreement and which are described in the registrant’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 18, 2017 and July 17, 2018.

Letters of Credit

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had outstanding irrevocable letters of credit totaling approximately $21.0 million and $20.6 million, respectively, under the revolving credit facility.

Potential Future Transactions

We may, from time to time explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions, which may include joint ventures, as well as business acquisitions or the acquisition or disposition of assets.  In order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds will likely be required. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

At March 31, 2019 we had no material off balance sheet arrangements, except letters of credit described above under Liquidity and Capital Resources. As such, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such financing arrangements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

At March 31, 2019, we had $1,369.0 million of debt outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 9.59%. Interest is calculated under the terms of our credit agreement based on the greatest of certain specified base rates plus an applicable margin that varies based on certain factors. Assuming no change in the amount outstanding, the impact on interest expense of a 1% increase or decrease in the assumed weighted average interest rate would be approximately $13.7 million per year. In order to mitigate interest rate fluctuations with respect to term loan borrowings under the Credit Agreement, in November 2017, we entered into a three year one-month LIBOR interest rate swap contract with a notional amount of $347.8 million, which at the time was the remaining principal balance of the term loan. The swap contract swaps out the floating rate interest risk related to the LIBOR with a fixed interest rate of 1.9275% effective January 12, 2018.

The interest rate swap, which is used to manage our exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks, was not designated as a hedge. As such, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded directly to other income as an expense of $1.7 million and income of $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Foreign Currency Risk

We are exposed to foreign currency risks that arise from normal business operations. These risks include transaction gains and losses associated with intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries and transactions denominated in currencies other than a location’s functional currency. Contracts are denominated in currencies of major industrial countries.

Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks primarily from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not use derivatives for trading purposes, to generate income or to engage in speculative activity.

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Item 4. Internal Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed in our reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s  rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, with a company have been detected.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a‑15 of the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described in our 10-K as of December 31, 2018.

Notwithstanding such material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, our management, including our CEO and CFO, has concluded that our consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of our operations and our cash flows for the periods presented in this Annual Report, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Remediation

As previously described in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we began implementing a remediation plan to address the material weaknesses mentioned above. The weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, these controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter-ended March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Appraisal Demand

On September 21, 2017, former stockholders of SourceHOV Holdings, Inc. (“SourceHOV”), who allege combined ownership of 10,304 shares of SourceHOV common stock, filed a petition for appraisal pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262 in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Manichaean Capital, LLC, et al. v. SourceHOV Holdings, Inc., C.A. No. 2017-0673-JRS (the "Appraisal Action"). The Appraisal Action arises out of the acquisition of SourceHOV and Novitex Holdings, Inc, by Quinpario in July 2017 (“Novitex Business Combination”), which gave rise to appraisal rights pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262. In the Appraisal Action, the petitioners seek, among other things, a determination of the fair value of their SourceHOV shares at the time of the Novitex Business Combination; an order that SourceHOV

36

pay that value to the petitioners, together with interest at the statutory rate; and an award of costs, attorneys' fees, and other expenses.

On October 12, 2017, SourceHOV filed its answer to the petition and a verified list pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262(f). Trial is currently scheduled for June 2019. The parties and their experts have offered competing valuations of the SourceHOV shares as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination. The Court may determine a fair value that is above or below the values indicated by the parties and their experts. At this stage of the litigation, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of the Appraisal Action or estimate what the Court will determine the fair value of SourceHOV common stock to be as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination. Pursuant to the terms of the Novitex Business Combination Agreement, if such appraisal rights are perfected, a corresponding portion of shares of our Common Stock issued to Ex-Sigma 2 LLC, our principal stockholder, will be forfeited at such time as the PIPE Financing (as defined in the Consent, Waiver and Amendment dated June 15, 2017) is repaid. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the Appraisal Action.

Other

We are, from time to time, involved in other legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although our management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, our management believes these actions will not have a material, adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018  which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. The risks described in these Risk Factors are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

On November 8, 2017, the Company’s board of directors authorized a share buyback program (the “Share Buyback Program”), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of its Common Stock. Share repurchases may be executed through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The decision as to whether to purchase any shares and the timing of purchases, if any, will be based on the price of the Company’s Common Stock, general business and market conditions and other investment considerations and factors. The Share Buyback Program does not obligate the Company to purchase any shares and expires 24 months after authorized. The Share Buyback Program may be terminated or amended by the Company’s board of directors in its discretion at any time. We purchased an additional 2,499,885 shares during 2018 at an average share price of $4.71. There were no share repurchases for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. As of March 31, 2019,  2,549,185 shares had been repurchased under the Share Buyback Program. The Company records treasury stock using the cost method.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit No.	Description
2.1	Business Combination Agreement, dated as of February 21, 2017, by and among Quinpario Acquisition Corp. 2, Quinpario Merger Sub I, Inc., Quinpario Merger Sub II, Inc., Novitex Holdings, Inc., SourceHOV Holdings, Inc., Novitex Parent, L.P, HOVS LLC and HandsOn Fund 4 I, LLC (3)
3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated July 12, 2017 (4)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated July 12, 2017 (4)
4.1	Specimen common stock Certificate (1)
4.2	Specimen Warrant Certificate (1)
4.3	Form of Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Registrant (1)
4.4	Indenture, dated July 12, 2017, by and among Exela Intermediate LLC and Exela Finance Inc. as Issuers, the Subsidiary Guarantors set forth therein and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (4)
4.5	First Supplemental Indenture, dated July 12, 2017, by and among Exela Intermediate LLC and Exela Finance Inc., as Issuers, the Subsidiary Guarantors set forth therein and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (4)
10.1	First Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among Exela Intermediate Holdings LLC, Exela Intermediate, LLC, each Subsidiary Loan Party listed on the signature pages thereto, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and each of the lenders party thereto. (2)
10.2	Exela Technologies Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.
10.3	Form of Option Grant Notice and Agreement under the Exela Technologies Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.
10.4	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant and Agreement under the Exela Technologies Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.
10.5	Second Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement, dated as of April, 17, 2019, by and among Exela Intermediate Holdings LLC, Exela Intermediate, LLC, each Subsidiary Loan Party listed on the signature pages thereto, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and each of the lenders party thereto. (5)
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a‑14(a) and Rule 15d‑14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer required by Rule 13a‑14(a) and Rule 15d‑14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S‑1 (SEC File No. 333‑198988).

(2) Incorporated by reference to the Registrants’ Current Report on Form 8‑K, filed on July 13, 2018.

(3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8‑K, filed on February 22, 2017.

(4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrants’ Current Report on Form 8‑K, filed on July 18, 2017.

(5) Incorporated by reference to the Registrants’ Current Report on Form 8‑K, filed on April 17, 2019.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 9th day of May, 2019.

EXELA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By:	/s/ Ronald Cogburn
	Ronald Cogburn
	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ James G. Reynolds
	James G. Reynolds
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-10.2

Exhibit 10.2

Final Version

EXELA TECHNOLOGIES INC.

2018 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN

1.         Purpose.

The purpose of the Plan is to assist the Company in attracting, retaining, motivating, and rewarding certain employees, officers, directors, and consultants of the Company and its Affiliates and promoting the creation of long-term value for stockholders of the Company by closely aligning the interests of such individuals with those of such stockholders.  The Plan authorizes the award of Stock-based and cash-based incentives to Eligible Persons to encourage such Eligible Persons to expend maximum effort in the creation of stockholder value.

2.         Definitions.

For purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall be defined as set forth below:

(a)        “Affiliate” means, with respect to a Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person.

(b)        “Award” means any Option, award of Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Unit, Stock Appreciation Right, Performance Award, or other Stock-based award granted under the Plan.

(c)        “Award Agreement” means an Option Agreement, a Restricted Stock Agreement, an RSU Agreement, a SAR Agreement, a Performance Award Agreement, or an agreement governing the grant of any other Stock-based Award granted under the Plan.

(d)        “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

(e)        “Cause” means, with respect to a Participant and in the absence of an Award Agreement or Participant Agreement otherwise defining Cause, (1) the Participant’s plea of nolo contendere to, conviction of or indictment for, any crime (whether or not involving the Company or its Affiliates) (i) constituting a felony or (ii) that has, or could reasonably be expected to result in, an adverse impact on the performance of the Participant’s duties to the Service Recipient, or otherwise has, or could reasonably be expected to result in, an adverse impact on the business or reputation of the Company or its Affiliates, (2) conduct of the Participant, in connection with his or her employment or service, that has resulted, or could reasonably be expected to result, in material injury to the business or reputation of the Company or its Affiliates, (3) any material violation of the policies of the Service Recipient, including, but not limited to, those relating to sexual harassment or the disclosure or misuse of confidential information, or those set forth in the manuals or statements of policy of the Service Recipient; (4) the Participant’s act(s) of gross negligence or willful misconduct in the course of his or her employment or service with the Service Recipient; (5) misappropriation by the Participant of any assets or business opportunities of the Company or its Affiliates; (6) embezzlement or fraud committed by the Participant, at the Participant’s direction, or with the Participant’s prior actual knowledge; or (7) willful neglect in the performance of the Participant’s duties for the Service Recipient or willful or repeated failure or refusal to perform such duties.  If, subsequent to the

Termination of a Participant for any reason other than by the Service Recipient for Cause, it is discovered that the Participant’s employment or service could have been terminated for Cause, such Participant’s employment or service shall, at the discretion of the Committee, be deemed to have been terminated by the Service Recipient for Cause for all purposes under the Plan, and the Participant shall be required to repay to the Company all amounts received by him or her in respect of any Award following such Termination that would have been forfeited under the Plan had such Termination been by the Service Recipient for Cause.  In the event that there is an Award Agreement or Participant Agreement defining Cause, “Cause” shall have the meaning provided in such agreement, and a Termination by the Service Recipient for Cause hereunder shall not be deemed to have occurred unless all applicable notice and cure periods in such Award Agreement or Participant Agreement are complied with.

(f)        “Change in Control” means:

(1)        a change in ownership or control of the Company effected through a transaction or series of transactions (other than an offering of Stock to the general public through a registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or similar non‑U.S. regulatory agency or pursuant to a Non-Control Transaction) whereby any “person” (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act) or any two or more persons deemed to be one “person” (as used in Sections 13(d)(3) and 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act), other than the Company or any of its Affiliates, an employee benefit plan sponsored or maintained by the Company or any of its Affiliates (or its related trust), or any underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, directly or indirectly acquire “beneficial ownership” (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of securities of the Company possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Company’s securities eligible to vote in the election of the Board (the “Company Voting Securities”);

(2)        the date, within any consecutive twenty-four (24) month period commencing on or after the Effective Date, upon which individuals who constitute the Board as of the Effective Date (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that any individual who becomes a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then constituting the Incumbent Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement of the Company in which such individual is named as a nominee for director, without objection to such nomination) shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened election contest (including, but not limited to, a consent solicitation) with respect to the election or removal of directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board; or

(3)        the consummation of a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or similar form of corporate transaction involving the Company or any of its Affiliates that requires the approval of the Company’s stockholders (whether for such transaction, the

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issuance of securities in the transaction or otherwise) (a “Reorganization”), unless immediately following such Reorganization (i) more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of (A) the corporation resulting from such Reorganization (the “Surviving Company”) or (B) if applicable, the ultimate parent corporation that has, directly or indirectly, beneficial ownership of one hundred percent (100%) of the voting securities of the Surviving Company (the “Parent Company”), is represented by Company Voting Securities that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such Company Voting Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization), and such voting power among the holders thereof is in substantially the same proportion as the voting power of such Company Voting Securities among holders thereof immediately prior to such Reorganization, (ii) no person, other than an employee benefit plan sponsored or maintained by the Surviving Company or the Parent Company (or its related trust), is or becomes the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities eligible to elect directors of the Parent Company, or if there is no Parent Company, the Surviving Company, and (iii) at least a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Parent Company, or if there is no Parent Company, the Surviving Company, following the consummation of such Reorganization are members of the Incumbent Board at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization (any Reorganization which satisfies all of the criteria specified in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) above shall be a “Non-Control Transaction”); or

(4)        the sale or disposition, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to any “person” (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act) or to any two or more persons deemed to be one “person” (as used in Sections 13(d)(3) and 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act) other than the Company’s Affiliates.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (x) a Change in Control shall not be deemed to occur solely because any person acquires beneficial ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the Company Voting Securities as a result of an acquisition of Company Voting Securities by the Company that reduces the number of Company Voting Securities outstanding; provided that if after such acquisition by the Company such person becomes the beneficial owner of additional Company Voting Securities that increases the percentage of outstanding Company Voting Securities beneficially owned by such person, a Change in Control shall then be deemed to occur, and (y) with respect to the payment of any amount that constitutes a deferral of compensation subject to Section 409A of the Code payable upon a Change in Control, a Change in Control shall not be deemed to have occurred, unless the Change in Control constitutes a change in the ownership or effective control of the Company or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company under Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) of the Code.

(g)        “Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, including the rules and regulations thereunder and any successor provisions, rules and regulations thereto.

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(h)        “Committee” means the Board or such other committee consisting of two or more individuals appointed by the Board to administer the Plan and each other individual or committee of individuals designated to exercise authority under the Plan.

(i)         “Company” means Exela Technologies Inc., a Delaware corporation.

(j)         “Company Group” means the Company, together with each direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company.

(k)        “Corporate Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(b) hereof.

(l)         “Data” has the meaning set forth in Section 22(f) hereof.

(m)       “Detrimental Activity” has the meaning set forth in Section 12(a) hereof.

(n)        “Disability” means, in the absence of an Award Agreement or Participant Agreement otherwise defining Disability, the permanent and total disability of such Participant within the meaning of Section 22(e)(3) of the Code.  In the event that there is an Award Agreement or Participant Agreement defining Disability, “Disability” shall have the meaning provided in such Award Agreement or Participant Agreement.

(o)        “Disqualifying Disposition” means any disposition (including any sale) of Stock acquired upon the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option made within the period that ends either (1) two years after the date on which the Participant was granted the Incentive Stock Option or (2) one year after the date upon which the Participant acquired the Stock.

(p)        “Effective Date” means January 17, 2018.

(q)        “Eligible Person” means (1) each employee and officer of the Company or any of its Affiliates, (2) each non-employee director of the Company or any of its Affiliates; (3) each other natural Person who provides substantial services to the Company or any of its Affiliates as a consultant or advisor (or a wholly owned alter ego entity of the natural Person providing such services of which such Person is an employee, stockholder or partner) and who is designated as eligible by the Committee, and (4) each natural Person who has been offered employment by the Company or any of its Affiliates; provided that such prospective employee may not receive any payment or exercise any right relating to an Award until such Person has commenced employment or service with the Company or its Affiliates; provided further, however, that (i) with respect to any Award that is intended to qualify as a “stock right” that does not provide for a “deferral of compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, the term “Affiliate” as used in this Section 2(q) shall include only those corporations or other entities in the unbroken chain of corporations or other entities beginning with the Company where each of the corporations or other entities in the unbroken chain other than the last corporation or other entity owns stock possessing at least fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations or other entities in the chain, and (ii) with respect to any Award that is intended to be an Incentive Stock Option, the term “Affiliate” as used in this Section 2(q) shall include only those entities that qualify as a “subsidiary corporation” with respect to the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code.  An employee on an approved leave of absence may be considered as still in the

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employ of the Company or any of its Affiliates for purposes of eligibility for participation in the Plan.

(r)        “Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, including the rules and regulations thereunder and any successor provisions, rules and regulations thereto.

(s)        “Expiration Date” means, with respect to an Option or Stock Appreciation Right, the date on which the term of such Option or Stock Appreciation Right expires, as determined under Section 5(b) or 8(b) hereof, as applicable.

(t)         “Fair Market Value” means, as of any date when the Stock is listed on one or more national securities exchanges, the closing price reported on the principal national securities exchange on which such Stock is listed and traded on the date of determination or, if the closing price is not reported on such date of determination, the closing price reported on the most recent date prior to the date of determination.  If the Stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, “Fair Market Value” shall mean the amount determined by the Board in good faith, and in a manner consistent with Section 409A of the Code, to be the fair market value per share of Stock.

(u)        “GAAP” has the meaning set forth in Section 9(f)(3) hereof.

(v)        “Incentive Stock Option” means an Option intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

(w)       “Nonqualified Stock Option” means an Option not intended to be an Incentive Stock Option.

(x)        “Option” means a conditional right, granted to a Participant under Section 5 hereof, to purchase Stock at a specified price during a specified time period.

(y)        “Option Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Option Award.

(z)        “Participant” means an Eligible Person who has been granted an Award under the Plan or, if applicable, such other Person who holds an Award.

(aa)      “Participant Agreement” means an employment agreement, other services agreement or any other agreement between a Participant and the Service Recipient that is effective as of the date of determination.

(bb)      “Performance Award” means an Award granted to a Participant under Section 9 hereof, which Award is subject to the achievement of Performance Objectives during a Performance Period.  A Performance Award shall be designated as a Performance Share, a Performance Unit or a Performance Cash Award at the time of grant.

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(cc)      “Performance Award Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Performance Award.

(dd)      “Performance Cash Award” means a Performance Award which is a cash award (for a dollar value not in excess of that set forth in Section 4(c)(1) hereof), the payment of which is subject to the achievement of Performance Objectives during a Performance Period.  A Performance Cash Award may also require the completion of a specified period of employment or service.

(ee)      “Performance Objectives” means the performance objectives established pursuant to the Plan for Participants who have received Performance Awards.

(ff)       “Performance Period” means the period of time designated by the Committee over which the achievement of one or more Performance Objectives will be measured for the purpose of determining a Participant’s right to and the payment of an Award.  Performance Periods may be of varying and overlapping duration, at the sole discretion of the Committee.

(gg)      “Performance Share” means a Performance Award denominated in shares of Stock which may be earned in whole or in part based upon the achievement of Performance Objectives during a Performance Period.

(hh)      “Performance Unit” means a Performance Award denominated as a notional unit representing the right to receive one share of Stock (or the cash value of one share of Stock, if so determined by the Committee) which may be earned in whole or in part based upon the achievement of Performance Objectives during a Performance Period.

(ii)       “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, or other entity.

(jj)       “Plan” means this Exela Technologies Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.

(kk)      “Proceeding” has the meaning set forth in Section 22(l) hereof

(ll)       “Qualified Member” means a member of the Committee who is a “Non-Employee Director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act, an “independent director” as defined under, as applicable, the NASDAQ Listing Rules, the NYSE Listed Company Manual or other applicable stock exchange rules and an “outside director” within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.162-27(c) under Section 162(m) of the Code.

(mm)   “Qualified Performance-Based Award” means an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, or Performance Award that is intended to qualify as “qualified performance-based compensation” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code.

(nn)      “Qualifying Committee” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(b) hereof.

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(oo)      “Rescission Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 12(b) hereof.

(pp)      “Restricted Stock” means Stock granted to a Participant under Section 6 hereof that is subject to certain restrictions and to a risk of forfeiture.

(qq)      “Restricted Stock Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Restricted Stock Award.

(rr)       “Restricted Stock Unit” means a notional unit representing the right to receive one share of Stock (or the cash value of one share of Stock, if so determined by the Committee) on a specified settlement date.

(ss)       “RSU Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Award of Restricted Stock Units.

(tt)       “SAR Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Award of Stock Appreciation Rights.

(uu)      “Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, including the rules and regulations thereunder and any successor provisions, rules and regulations thereto.

(vv)      “Service Recipient” means, with respect to a Participant holding an Award, either the Company or an Affiliate of the Company by which the original recipient of such Award is, or following a Termination was most recently, principally employed or to which such original recipient provides, or following a Termination was most recently providing, services, as applicable.

(ww)    “Stock” means the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company, and such other securities as may be substituted for such stock pursuant to Section 11 hereof.

(xx)      “Stock Appreciation Right” means a conditional right to receive an amount equal to the value of the appreciation in the Stock over a specified period.  Except in the event of extraordinary circumstances, as determined in the sole discretion of the Committee, or pursuant to Section 11(b) hereof, Stock Appreciation Rights shall be settled in Stock.

(yy)      “Substitute Award” has the meaning set forth in Section 4(a) hereof.

(zz)      “Termination” means the termination of a Participant’s employment or service, as applicable, with the Service Recipient; provided, however, that, if so determined by the Committee at the time of any change in status in relation to the Service Recipient (e.g., a Participant ceases to be an employee and begins providing services as a consultant, or vice versa), such change in status will not be deemed a Termination hereunder.  Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, in the event that the Service Recipient ceases to be an Affiliate of

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the Company (by reason of sale, divestiture, spin-off, or other similar transaction), unless a Participant’s employment or service is transferred to another entity that would constitute the Service Recipient immediately following such transaction, such Participant shall be deemed to have suffered a Termination hereunder as of the date of the consummation of such transaction.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, a Participant’s change in status in relation to the Service Recipient (for example, a change from employee to consultant) shall not be deemed a Termination hereunder with respect to any Awards constituting “nonqualified deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A of the Code that are payable upon a Termination unless such change in status constitutes a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.  Any payments in respect of an Award constituting nonqualified deferred compensation subject to Section 409A of the Code that are payable upon a Termination shall be delayed for such period as may be necessary to meet the requirements of Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code.  On the first business day following the expiration of such period, the Participant shall be paid, in a single lump sum without interest, an amount equal to the aggregate amount of all payments delayed pursuant to the preceding sentence, and any remaining payments not so delayed shall continue to be paid pursuant to the payment schedule applicable to such Award.

3.         Administration.

(a)        Authority of the Committee.  Except as otherwise provided below, the Plan shall be administered by the Committee.  The Committee shall have full and final authority, in each case subject to and consistent with the provisions of the Plan, to (1) select Eligible Persons to become Participants, (2) grant Awards, (3) determine the type, number of shares of Stock subject to, other terms and conditions of, and all other matters relating to, Awards, (4) prescribe Award Agreements (which need not be identical for each Participant) and rules and regulations for the administration of the Plan, (5) construe and interpret the Plan and Award Agreements and correct defects, supply omissions, and reconcile inconsistencies therein, (6) suspend the right to exercise Awards during any period that the Committee deems appropriate to comply with applicable securities laws, and thereafter extend the exercise period of an Award by an equivalent period of time or such shorter period required by, or necessary to comply with, applicable law, and (7) make all other decisions and determinations as the Committee may deem necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan.  Any action of the Committee shall be final, conclusive, and binding on all Persons, including, without limitation, the Company, its stockholders and Affiliates, Eligible Persons, Participants, and beneficiaries of Participants.  Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, the Committee shall have the ability to accelerate the vesting of any outstanding Award at any time and for any reason, including upon a Corporate Event, subject to Section 11(d), or in the event of a Participant’s Termination by the Service Recipient other than for Cause, or due to the Participant’s death, Disability or retirement (as such term may be defined in an applicable Award Agreement or Participant Agreement, or, if no such definition exists, in accordance with the Company’s then-current employment policies and guidelines).  For the avoidance of doubt, the Board shall have the authority to take all actions under the Plan that the Committee is permitted to take.

(b)        Manner of Exercise of Committee Authority.  At any time that a member of the Committee is not a Qualified Member, any action of the Committee relating to a Qualified

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Performance-Based Award or relating to an Award granted or to be granted to a Participant who is then subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act in respect of the Company, must be taken by the remaining members of the Committee or a subcommittee, designated by the Committee or the Board, composed solely of two or more Qualified Members (a “Qualifying Committee”).  Any action authorized by such a Qualifying Committee shall be deemed the action of the Committee for purposes of the Plan.  The express grant of any specific power to a Qualifying Committee, and the taking of any action by such a Qualifying Committee, shall not be construed as limiting any power or authority of the Committee.

(c)        Delegation.  To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Committee may delegate to officers or employees of the Company or any of its Affiliates, or committees thereof, the authority, subject to such terms as the Committee shall determine, to perform such functions under the Plan, including, but not limited to, administrative functions, as the Committee may determine appropriate.  The Committee may appoint agents to assist it in administering the Plan.  Any actions taken by an officer or employee delegated authority pursuant to this Section 3(c) within the scope of such delegation shall, for all purposes under the Plan, be deemed to be an action taken by the Committee.  Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, any Award granted under the Plan to any Eligible Person who is not an employee of the Company or any of its Affiliates (including any non-employee director of the Company or any Affiliate) or to any Eligible Person who is subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act or is to be granted a Qualified Performance-Based Award must be expressly approved by the Committee or Qualifying Committee in accordance with subsection (b) above.

(d)        Sections 409A and 457A.  The Committee shall take into account compliance with Sections 409A and 457A of the Code in connection with any grant of an Award under the Plan, to the extent applicable.  While the Awards granted hereunder are intended to be structured in a manner to avoid the imposition of any penalty taxes under Sections 409A and 457A of the Code, in no event whatsoever shall the Company or any of its Affiliates be liable for any additional tax, interest, or penalties that may be imposed on a Participant as a result of Section 409A or Section 457A of the Code or any damages for failing to comply with Section 409A or Section 457A of the Code or any similar state or local laws (other than for withholding obligations or other obligations applicable to employers, if any, under Section 409A or Section 457A of the Code).

(e)        Section 162(m).  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, with regard to any provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement that is intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, any action or determination by the Committee shall be permitted only to the extent such action or determination would be permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code.  The Plan has been adopted by the Board and is intended, with respect to Awards intended to be “performance-based” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, to comply with the applicable provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, and the Plan shall be limited, construed and interpreted in a manner so as to comply therewith.

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4.         Shares Available Under the Plan; Other Limitations.

(a)        Number of Shares Available for Delivery.  Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 11 hereof, the total number of shares of Stock reserved and available for delivery in connection with Awards under the Plan shall be equal to 8,323,764.  Shares of Stock delivered under the Plan shall consist of authorized and unissued shares or previously issued shares of Stock reacquired by the Company on the open market or by private purchase.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) except as may be required by reason of Section 422 of the Code, the number of shares of Stock available for issuance hereunder shall not be reduced by shares issued pursuant to Awards issued or assumed in connection with a merger or acquisition as contemplated by, as applicable, NYSE Listed Company Manual Section 303A.08, NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c) and IM-5635-1, AMEX Company Guide Section 711, or other applicable stock exchange rules, and their respective successor rules and listing exchange promulgations (each such Award, a “Substitute Award”); and (ii) shares of Stock shall not be deemed to have been issued pursuant to the Plan with respect to any portion of an Award that is settled in cash.

(b)        Share Counting Rules.  The Committee may adopt reasonable counting procedures to ensure appropriate counting, avoid double-counting (as, for example, in the case of tandem awards or Substitute Awards) and make adjustments if the number of shares of Stock actually delivered differs from the number of shares previously counted in connection with an Award.  Other than with respect to a Substitute Award, to the extent that an Award expires or is canceled, forfeited, settled in cash, or otherwise terminated without delivery to the Participant of the full number of shares of Stock to which the Award related, the undelivered shares of Stock will again be available for grant.  Shares of Stock withheld in payment of the exercise price or taxes relating to an Award and shares of Stock equal to the number surrendered in payment of any exercise price or taxes relating to an Award shall not be deemed to constitute shares delivered to the Participant and shall be deemed to again be available for delivery under the Plan.

(c)        162(m) Limitation; Incentive Stock Options.

(1)        Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, when the Company is subject to the provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, (i) the maximum number of shares of Stock with respect to which Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, and Performance Awards, in each case and to the extent the Award is intended to be a Qualified Performance-Based Award, may be granted to any individual in any one calendar year shall not exceed 3,000,000 (subject to adjustment as provided in Section 11 hereof); provided, however, that the foregoing limitation shall not apply to Options or Stock Appreciation Rights; and (ii) the maximum value of the aggregate payment that any individual may receive with respect to a Qualified Performance-Based Award that is valued in dollars in respect of any annual Performance Period is $15,000,000, and for any Performance Period in excess of one (1) year, such amount multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of months in the Performance Period and the denominator of which is twelve (12).  No Qualified Performance-Based Awards (other than an Option or Stock Appreciation Right) may be granted hereunder based on the Performance Objectives following the first (1st) meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth (5th) year following the year in which the Company’s stockholders most recently approved the Performance Objectives for purposes of satisfying the

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“qualified performance-based compensation” exemption under Section 162(m)(4)(C) of the Code unless the Performance Objectives are reapproved (or other designated performance goals are approved) by the stockholders on or before such stockholder meeting.

(2)        No more than 8,323,764 shares of Stock (subject to adjustment as provided in Section 11 hereof) reserved for issuance hereunder may be issued or transferred upon exercise or settlement of Incentive Stock Options.

(d)        Shares Available Under Acquired Plans.  To the extent permitted by NYSE Listed Company Manual Section 303A.08, NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c) or other applicable stock exchange rules, subject to applicable law, in the event that a company acquired by the Company or with which the Company combines has shares available under a pre-existing plan approved by stockholders and not adopted in contemplation of such acquisition or combination, the shares available for grant pursuant to the terms of such pre-existing plan (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, using the exchange ratio or other adjustment or valuation ratio of formula used in such acquisition or combination to determine the consideration payable to the holders of common stock of the entities party to such acquisition or combination) may be used for Awards under the Plan and shall not reduce the number of shares of Stock reserved and available for delivery in connection with Awards under the Plan; provided that Awards using such available shares shall not be made after the date awards could have been made under the terms of such pre-existing plan, absent the acquisition or combination, and shall only be made to individuals who were not employed by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company immediately prior to such acquisition or combination.

(e)        Minimum Vesting Period.  No Award (other than any Performance Cash Award) may vest over a period that is less than one (1) year from the date of grant; provided,  however, that the foregoing minimum vesting period shall not apply: (i) to Awards granted in payment of or exchange for an equivalent amount of salary, bonus or other earned cash compensation (including Performance Shares); (ii) to a Substitute Award that does not reduce the vesting period of the award being replaced or assumed; (iii) to Awards involving an aggregate number of shares of Stock not in excess of five percent (5%) of the aggregate number of shares of Stock that may be delivered in connection with Awards (as set forth in Section 4 hereof); (iv) to accelerated vesting in connection with certain qualifying terminations of employment in accordance with the terms of any Award Agreement or Participant Agreement; or (v) to annual Awards granted to non-employee directors that vest on the first regularly scheduled annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders following the applicable date of grant.

(f)        Limitation on Awards to Non-Employee Directors.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the maximum value of any Awards granted to a non-employee director of the Company in any one calendar year, taken together with any cash fees paid to such non-employee director during such calendar year, shall not exceed $750,000 (calculating the value of any such Awards based on the grant date fair value of such Awards for financial reporting purposes and excluding, for this purpose, the value of any dividend equivalent payments paid pursuant to any Award granted in a previous year).

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5.         Options.

(a)        General.  Certain Options granted under the Plan may be intended to be Incentive Stock Options; however, no Incentive Stock Options may be granted hereunder following the tenth (10th) anniversary of the earlier of (i) the date the Plan is adopted by the Board and (ii) the date the stockholders of the Company approve the Plan.  Options may be granted to Eligible Persons in such form and having such terms and conditions as the Committee shall deem appropriate; provided,  however, that Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Eligible Persons who are employees of the Company or an Affiliate (as such definition is limited pursuant to Section 2(o) hereof) of the Company.  The provisions of separate Options shall be set forth in separate Option Agreements, which agreements need not be identical.  No dividends or dividend equivalents shall be paid on Options.

(b)        Term.  The term of each Option shall be set by the Committee at the time of grant; provided,  however, that no Option granted hereunder shall be exercisable after, and each Option shall expire, ten (10) years from the date it was granted.

(c)        Exercise Price.  The exercise price per share of Stock for each Option shall be set by the Committee at the time of grant and shall not be less than the Fair Market Value on the date of grant, subject to Section 5(g) hereof in the case of any Incentive Stock Option.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Option that is a Substitute Award, the exercise price per share of Stock for such Option may be less than the Fair Market Value on the date of grant; provided, that such exercise price is determined in a manner consistent with the provisions of Section 409A of the Code and, if applicable, Section 424(a) of the Code.

(d)        Payment for Stock.  Payment for shares of Stock acquired pursuant to an Option granted hereunder shall be made in full upon exercise of the Option in a manner approved by the Committee, which may include any of the following payment methods:  (1) in immediately available funds in U.S. dollars, or by certified or bank cashier’s check, (2)  by delivery of shares of Stock having a value equal to the exercise price, (3) by a broker-assisted cashless exercise in accordance with procedures approved by the Committee, whereby payment of the Option exercise price or tax withholding obligations may be satisfied, in whole or in part, with shares of Stock subject to the Option by delivery of an irrevocable direction to a securities broker (on a form prescribed by the Committee) to sell shares of Stock and to deliver all or part of the sale proceeds to the Company in payment of the aggregate exercise price and, if applicable, the amount necessary to satisfy the Company’s withholding obligations, or (4) by any other means approved by the Committee (including, by delivery of a notice of “net exercise” to the Company, pursuant to which the Participant shall receive the number of shares of Stock underlying the Option so exercised reduced by the number of shares of Stock equal to the aggregate exercise price of the Option divided by the Fair Market Value on the date of exercise).  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Committee determines that any form of payment available hereunder would be in violation of Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, such form of payment shall not be available.

(e)        Vesting.  Options shall vest and become exercisable in such manner, on such date or dates, or upon the achievement of performance or other conditions, in each case as may be determined by the Committee and set forth in an Option Agreement; provided,  however,

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that notwithstanding any such vesting dates, the Committee may in its sole discretion accelerate the vesting of any Option at any time and for any reason.  Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Committee, the vesting of an Option shall occur only while the Participant is employed by or rendering services to the Service Recipient, and all vesting shall cease upon a Participant’s Termination for any reason.  To the extent permitted by applicable law and unless otherwise determined by the Committee, vesting shall be suspended during the period of any approved leave of absence by a Participant following which the Participant has a right to reinstatement and shall resume upon such Participant’s return to active employment.  If an Option is exercisable in installments, such installments or portions thereof that become exercisable shall remain exercisable until the Option expires, is canceled or otherwise terminates.

(f)        Termination of Employment or Service.  Except as provided by the Committee in an Option Agreement, Participant Agreement or otherwise:

(1)        In the event of a Participant’s Termination prior to the applicable Expiration Date for any reason other than (i) by the Service Recipient for Cause, or (ii) by reason of the Participant’s death or Disability, (A) all vesting with respect to such Participant’s Options outstanding shall cease, (B) all of such Participant’s unvested Options outstanding shall terminate and be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of such Termination, and (C) all of such Participant’s vested Options outstanding shall terminate and be forfeited for no consideration on the earlier of (x) the applicable Expiration Date and (y) the date that is ninety (90) days after the date of such Termination.

(2)        In the event of a Participant’s Termination prior to the applicable Expiration Date by reason of such Participant’s death or Disability, (i) all vesting with respect to such Participant’s Options outstanding shall cease, (ii) all of such Participant’s unvested Options outstanding shall terminate and be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of such Termination, and (iii) all of such Participant’s vested Options outstanding shall terminate and be forfeited for no consideration on the earlier of (x) the applicable Expiration Date and (y) the date that is twelve (12) months after the date of such Termination.  In the event of a Participant’s death, such Participant’s Options shall remain exercisable by the Person or Persons to whom such Participant’s rights under the Options pass by will or by the applicable laws of descent and distribution until the applicable Expiration Date, but only to the extent that the Options were vested at the time of such Termination.

(3)        In the event of a Participant’s Termination prior to the applicable Expiration Date by the Service Recipient for Cause, all of such Participant’s Options outstanding (whether or not vested) shall immediately terminate and be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of such Termination.

(g)        Special Provisions Applicable to Incentive Stock Options.

(1)        No Incentive Stock Option may be granted to any Eligible Person who, at the time the Option is granted, owns directly, or indirectly within the meaning of Section 424(d) of the Code, stock possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total

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combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of any parent or subsidiary thereof, unless such Incentive Stock Option (i) has an exercise price of at least one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value on the date of the grant of such Option and (ii) cannot be exercised more than five (5) years after the date it is granted.

(2)        To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the date of grant) of Stock for which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by any Participant during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company and its Affiliates) exceeds $100,000, such excess Incentive Stock Options shall be treated as Nonqualified Stock Options.

(3)        Each Participant who receives an Incentive Stock Option must agree to notify the Company in writing immediately after the Participant makes a Disqualifying Disposition of any Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option.

6.         Restricted Stock.

(a)        General.  Restricted Stock may be granted to Eligible Persons in such form and having such terms and conditions as the Committee shall deem appropriate.  The provisions of separate Awards of Restricted Stock shall be set forth in separate Restricted Stock Agreements, which agreements need not be identical.  Subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 6(b) hereof, and except as otherwise set forth in the applicable Restricted Stock Agreement, the Participant shall generally have the rights and privileges of a stockholder as to such Restricted Stock, including the right to vote such Restricted Stock.  Unless otherwise set forth in a Participant’s Restricted Stock Agreement, cash dividends and stock dividends, if any, with respect to the Restricted Stock shall be withheld by the Company for the Participant’s account, and shall be subject to forfeiture to the same degree as the shares of Restricted Stock to which such dividends relate.  Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, no interest will accrue or be paid on the amount of any cash dividends withheld.

(b)        Vesting and Restrictions on Transfer.  Restricted Stock shall vest in such manner, on such date or dates, or upon the achievement of performance or other conditions, in each case as may be determined by the Committee and set forth in a Restricted Stock Agreement; provided, however, that notwithstanding any such vesting dates, the Committee may in its sole discretion accelerate the vesting of any Award of Restricted Stock at any time and for any reason.  Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Committee, the vesting of an Award of Restricted Stock shall occur only while the Participant is employed by or rendering services to the Service Recipient, and all vesting shall cease upon a Participant’s Termination for any reason.  To the extent permitted by applicable law and unless otherwise determined by the Committee, vesting shall be suspended during the period of any approved leave of absence by a Participant following which the Participant has a right to reinstatement and shall resume upon such Participant’s return to active employment.  In addition to any other restrictions set forth in a Participant’s Restricted Stock Agreement, the Participant shall not be permitted to sell, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the Restricted Stock prior to the time the Restricted Stock has vested pursuant to the terms of the Restricted Stock Agreement.

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(c)        Termination of Employment or Service.  Except as provided by the Committee in a Restricted Stock Agreement, Participant Agreement or otherwise, in the event of a Participant’s Termination for any reason prior to the time that such Participant’s Restricted Stock has vested, (1) all vesting with respect to such Participant’s Restricted Stock outstanding shall cease, and (2) as soon as practicable following such Termination, the Company shall repurchase from the Participant, and the Participant shall sell, all of such Participant’s unvested shares of Restricted Stock at a purchase price equal to the original purchase price paid for the Restricted Stock; provided that, if the original purchase price paid for the Restricted Stock is equal to zero dollars ($0), such unvested shares of Restricted Stock shall be forfeited to the Company by the Participant for no consideration as of the date of such Termination.

7.         Restricted Stock Units.

(a)        General.  Restricted Stock Units may be granted to Eligible Persons in such form and having such terms and conditions as the Committee shall deem appropriate.  The provisions of separate Restricted Stock Units shall be set forth in separate RSU Agreements, which agreements need not be identical.

(b)        Vesting.  Restricted Stock Units shall vest in such manner, on such date or dates, or upon the achievement of performance or other conditions, in each case as may be determined by the Committee and set forth in an RSU Agreement; provided,  however, that notwithstanding any such vesting dates, the Committee may in its sole discretion accelerate the vesting of any Restricted Stock Unit at any time and for any reason.  Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Committee, the vesting of a Restricted Stock Unit shall occur only while the Participant is employed by or rendering services to the Service Recipient, and all vesting shall cease upon a Participant’s Termination for any reason.  To the extent permitted by applicable law and unless otherwise determined by the Committee, vesting shall be suspended during the period of any approved leave of absence by a Participant following which the Participant has a right to reinstatement and shall resume upon such Participant’s return to active employment.

(c)        Settlement.  Restricted Stock Units shall be settled in Stock, cash, or property, as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, on the date or dates determined by the Committee and set forth in an RSU Agreement.  Unless otherwise set forth in a Participant’s RSU Agreement, a Participant shall not be entitled to dividends, if any, or dividend equivalents with respect to Restricted Stock Units prior to settlement.

(d)        Termination of Employment or Service.  Except as provided by the Committee in an RSU Agreement, Participant Agreement or otherwise, in the event of a Participant’s Termination for any reason prior to the time that such Participant’s Restricted Stock Units have been settled, (1) all vesting with respect to such Participant’s Restricted Stock Units outstanding shall cease, (2) all of such Participant’s unvested Restricted Stock Units outstanding shall be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of such Termination, and (3) any shares remaining undelivered with respect to vested Restricted Stock Units then held by such Participant shall be delivered on the delivery date or dates specified in the RSU Agreement.

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8.         Stock Appreciation Rights.

(a)        General.  Stock Appreciation Rights may be granted to Eligible Persons in such form and having such terms and conditions as the Committee shall deem appropriate.  The provisions of separate Stock Appreciation Rights shall be set forth in separate SAR Agreements, which agreements need not be identical.  No dividends or dividend equivalents shall be paid on Stock Appreciation Rights.

(b)        Term.  The term of each Stock Appreciation Right shall be set by the Committee at the time of grant; provided,  however, that no Stock Appreciation Right granted hereunder shall be exercisable after, and each Stock Appreciation Right shall expire, ten (10) years from the date it was granted.

(c)        Base Price.  The base price per share of Stock for each Stock Appreciation Right shall be set by the Committee at the time of grant and shall not be less than the Fair Market Value on the date of grant.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Stock Appreciation Right that is a Substitute Award, the base price per share of Stock for such Stock Appreciation Right may be less than the Fair Market Value on the date of grant; provided, that such base price is determined in a manner consistent with the provisions of Section 409A of the Code.

(d)        Vesting.  Stock Appreciation Rights shall vest and become exercisable in such manner, on such date or dates, or upon the achievement of performance or other conditions, in each case as may be determined by the Committee and set forth in a SAR Agreement; provided,  however, that notwithstanding any such vesting dates, the Committee may in its sole discretion accelerate the vesting of any Stock Appreciation Right at any time and for any reason.  Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Committee, the vesting of a Stock Appreciation Right shall occur only while the Participant is employed by or rendering services to the Service Recipient, and all vesting shall cease upon a Participant’s Termination for any reason.  To the extent permitted by applicable law and unless otherwise determined by the Committee, vesting shall be suspended during the period of any approved leave of absence by a Participant following which the Participant has a right to reinstatement and shall resume upon such Participant’s return to active employment.  If a Stock Appreciation Right is exercisable in installments, such installments or portions thereof that become exercisable shall remain exercisable until the Stock Appreciation Right expires, is canceled or otherwise terminates.

(e)        Payment upon Exercise.  Payment upon exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right may be made in cash, Stock, or property as specified in the SAR Agreement or determined by the Committee, in each case having a value in respect of each share of Stock underlying the portion of the Stock Appreciation Right so exercised, equal to the difference between the base price of such Stock Appreciation Right and the Fair Market Value of one (1) share of Stock on the exercise date.  For purposes of clarity, each share of Stock to be issued in settlement of a Stock Appreciation Right is deemed to have a value equal to the Fair Market Value of one (1) share of Stock on the exercise date.  In no event shall fractional shares be issuable upon the exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, and in the event that fractional shares would otherwise be issuable, the number of shares issuable will be rounded down to the next lower whole number of shares, and the Participant will be entitled to receive a cash payment equal to the value of such fractional share.

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(f)        Termination of Employment or Service.  Except as provided by the Committee in a SAR Agreement, Participant Agreement or otherwise:

(1)        In the event of a Participant’s Termination prior to the applicable Expiration Date for any reason other than (i) by the Service Recipient for Cause, or (ii) by reason of the Participant’s death or Disability, (A) all vesting with respect to such Participant’s Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding shall cease, (B) all of such Participant’s unvested Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding shall terminate and be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of such Termination, and (C) all of such Participant’s vested Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding shall terminate and be forfeited for no consideration on the earlier of (x) the applicable Expiration Date and (y) the date that is ninety (90) days after the date of such Termination.

(2)        In the event of a Participant’s Termination prior to the applicable Expiration Date by reason of such Participant’s death or Disability, (i) all vesting with respect to such Participant’s Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding shall cease, (ii) all of such Participant’s unvested Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding shall terminate and be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of such Termination, and (iii) all of such Participant’s vested Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding shall terminate and be forfeited for no consideration on the earlier of (x) the applicable Expiration Date and (y) the date that is twelve (12) months after the date of such Termination.  In the event of a Participant’s death, such Participant’s Stock Appreciation Rights shall remain exercisable by the Person or Persons to whom such Participant’s rights under the Stock Appreciation Rights pass by will or by the applicable laws of descent and distribution until the applicable Expiration Date, but only to the extent that the Stock Appreciation Rights were vested at the time of such Termination.

(3)        In the event of a Participant’s Termination prior to the applicable Expiration Date by the Service Recipient for Cause, all of such Participant’s Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding (whether or not vested) shall immediately terminate and be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of such Termination.

9.         Performance Awards.

(a)        General.  Performance Awards may be granted to Eligible Persons in such form and having such terms and conditions as the Committee shall deem appropriate.  The provisions of separate Performance Awards, including the determination of the Committee with respect to the form of payout of Performance Awards, shall be set forth in separate Performance Award Agreements, which agreements need not be identical.  Unless otherwise set forth in an Award Agreement evidencing a Participant’s Performance Award, (i) cash dividends and stock dividends, if any, with respect to the Performance Shares shall be withheld by the Company for the Participant’s account, and shall be subject to forfeiture to the same degree as the Performance Shares to which such dividends relate and (ii) a Participant shall not be entitled to dividends, if any, or dividend equivalents with respect to Performance Units that are not earned and vested.  Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, no interest will accrue or be paid on the amount of any cash dividends withheld.

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(b)        Value of Performance Awards.  Each Performance Unit shall have an initial value that is established by the Committee at the time of grant.  Each Performance Share shall have an initial value equal to the Fair Market Value of the Stock on the date of grant.  Each Performance Award Agreement in respect of any Performance Cash Award shall specify the dollar amount payable under the Performance Cash Award.  In addition to any other non-performance terms included in the Performance Award Agreement, the Committee shall set the applicable Performance Objectives in its discretion, which objectives, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the value and number of Performance Units or Performance Shares, or the value of a Performance Cash Award, as the case may be, that will be paid out to the Participant.

(c)        Earning of Performance Awards.  Upon the expiration of the applicable Performance Period or other non-performance-based vesting period, if longer, the holder of a Performance Award shall be entitled to receive the following payouts:  (1) if the holder holds Performance Units or Performance Shares, payout on the value and number of the applicable Performance Units or Performance Shares earned by the Participant over the Performance Period, or (2) if the holder holds a Performance Cash Award, payout on the value of the Performance Cash Award earned by the Participant over the Performance Period, in any case, to be determined as a function of the extent to which the corresponding Performance Objectives have been achieved and any other non-performance-based terms met.  The Committee may specify a target, threshold or maximum amount payable and may set a formula for determining the amount of Performance Awards earned if performance is at or above the threshold level but falls short of the maximum achievement of the specified Performance Objectives.

(d)        Form and Timing of Payment of Performance Awards.  Payment of earned Performance Awards shall be as determined by the Committee and as evidenced in the Performance Award Agreement.  Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may pay earned Performance Units and Performance Shares in the form of cash, Stock, or other Awards (or in any combination thereof) equal to the value of the earned Performance Units or Performance Shares, as the case may be, at the close of the applicable Performance Period, or as soon as practicable after the end of the Performance Period.  Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, earned Performance Cash Awards shall be paid in cash.  Any cash, Stock, or other Awards issued in connection with a Performance Award may be issued subject to any restrictions deemed appropriate by the Committee.

(e)        Termination of Employment or Service.  To the extent permitted by applicable law and unless otherwise determined by the Committee, vesting shall be suspended during the period of any approved leave of absence by a Participant following which the Participant has a right to reinstatement and shall resume upon such Participant’s return to active employment.  Except as provided by the Committee in a Performance Award Agreement, Participant Agreement or otherwise, if, prior to the end of an applicable Performance Period, a Participant undergoes a Termination for any reason, all of such Participant’s Performance Awards shall be forfeited by the Participant to the Company for no consideration.

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(f)        Performance Objectives.

(1)        Each Performance Award shall specify the Performance Objectives that must be achieved before such Performance Award shall become earned.  The Company may also specify a minimum acceptable level of achievement below which no payment will be made and may set forth a formula for determining the amount of any payment to be made if performance is at or above such minimum acceptable level but falls short of the maximum achievement of the specified Performance Objectives.

(2)        With respect to Qualified Performance-Based Awards, Performance Objectives shall be limited to specified levels of or increases in one or more of the following business criteria (alone or in combination with any other criterion, whether gross or net, before or after taxes, and/or before or after other adjustments, as determined by the Committee):  (i) earnings, including net earnings, total earnings, operating earnings, earnings growth, operating income, earnings before or after taxes, earnings before or after interest, depreciation, amortization, or unusual, non-recurring or special items, book value per share (which may exclude nonrecurring items), tangible book value or growth in tangible book value per share; (ii) pre-tax income or after-tax income; (iii) earnings per share (basic or diluted); (iv) operating profit; (v) revenue, revenue growth, or rate of revenue growth; (vi) return on assets (gross or net), return on investment, return on capital, return on equity, financial return ratios, or internal rates of return; (vii) returns on sales or revenues; (viii) operating expenses; (ix) stock price appreciation; (x) cash flow (including, but not limited to, operating cash flow and free cash flow), cash flow return on investment (discounted or otherwise), net cash provided by operations or cash flow in excess of cost of capital, working capital turnover; (xi) implementation or completion of critical projects or processes; (xii) economic value created; (xiii) balance sheet measurements; (xiv) cumulative earnings per share growth; (xv) operating margin, profit margin, or gross margin; (xvi) stock price or total stockholder return; (xvii) cost or expense targets, reductions and savings, productivity and efficiencies; (xviii) sales or sales growth; (xix) strategic business criteria, consisting of one or more objectives based on meeting specified market penetration, market share, geographic business expansion, customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, human resources management, supervision of litigation, information technology, and goals relating to acquisitions, divestitures, joint ventures, and similar transactions, and budget comparisons; (xx) personal professional objectives, including any of the foregoing performance goals, the implementation of policies and plans, the negotiation of transactions, the development of long-term business goals, the formation of joint ventures, research or development collaborations, and the completion of other corporate transactions; (xxi) billings, billings growth, or rate of billings growth; (xxii) underwriting income or profit; (xxiii) loss ratio or combined ratio; and (xxiv) to the extent that an Award is not intended to be a Qualified Performance-Based Award, other measures of performance selected by the Committee.  Performance Objectives may be established on a Company-wide basis, project or geographical basis or, as the context permits, with respect to one or more business units, divisions, lines of business or business segments, subsidiaries, products, or other operational units or administrative departments of the Company (or in combination thereof) or may be related to the performance of an individual Participant and may be expressed in absolute terms, or relative or comparative

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to (A) current internal targets or budgets, (B) the past performance of the Company (including the performance of one or more subsidiaries, divisions, or operating units), (C) the performance of one or more similarly situated companies, (D) the performance of an index covering multiple companies, or (E) other external measures of the selected performance criteria.  Performance Objectives may be in either absolute terms or relative to the performance of one or more comparable companies or an index covering multiple companies.

(3)        The business criteria mentioned above (i) may be combined with cost of capital, assets, invested capital and stockholders’ equity to form an appropriate measure of performance and (ii) shall have any reasonable definitions that the Committee may specify.  Unless specified otherwise by the Committee (i) in the Performance Award Agreement at the time the Performance Award is granted or (ii) in such other document setting forth the Performance Objectives at the time the Performance Objectives are established, the Committee, in its sole discretion, will appropriately make adjustments in the method of calculating the attainment of Performance Objectives for a Performance Period to provide for objectively determinable adjustments, modifications or amendments, as determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), to any of the business criteria described above for one or more of the following items of gain, loss, profit or expense: (A) determined to be items of an unusual nature or of infrequency of occurrence or non-recurring in nature; (B) related to changes in accounting principles under GAAP or tax laws (including, without limitation, any adjustments that would result in the Company paying non-deductible compensation to a Participant); (C) related to currency fluctuations; (D) related to financing activities (e.g., effect on earnings per share of issuing convertible debt securities); (E) related to restructuring, divestitures, productivity initiatives or new business initiatives; (F) related to discontinued operations that do not qualify as a segment of business under GAAP; (G) attributable to the business operations of any entity acquired by the Company during the fiscal year; (H) non-operating items; and (I) acquisition or divestiture expenses.

(g)        Section 162(m) Compliance.  Unless otherwise permitted in compliance with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code with respect to a Performance Award intended to be a Qualified Performance-Based Award, the Committee will establish the Performance Objectives applicable to, and the formula for calculating the amount payable under, the Performance Award no later than the earlier of (a) the date ninety (90) days after the commencement of the applicable Performance Period, and (b) the date on which twenty-five percent (25%) of the Performance Period has elapsed, and in any event at a time when the achievement of the applicable Performance Objectives remains substantially uncertain.  Prior to the payment of any compensation under a Performance Award intended to be a Qualified Performance-Based Award, the Committee will certify the extent to which any Performance Objectives and any other material terms under such Performance Award have been satisfied (other than in cases where such relate solely to the increase in the value of the Stock).

(h)        Negative Discretion.  Notwithstanding satisfaction of any completion of any Performance Objectives, the number of shares of Stock, cash or other benefits granted, issued, retainable and/or vested under a Performance Award on account of satisfaction of such

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Performance Objectives may be reduced by the Committee on the basis of such further considerations as the Committee, in its sole discretion, will determine.

10.       Other Stock-Based Awards.

The Committee is authorized, subject to limitations under applicable law, to grant to Participants such other Awards that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based upon or related to Stock, as deemed by the Committee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan.  The Committee may also grant Stock as a bonus (whether or not subject to any vesting requirements or other restrictions on transfer), and may grant other Awards in lieu of obligations of the Company or an Affiliate to pay cash or deliver other property under the Plan or under other plans or compensatory arrangements, subject to such terms as shall be determined by the Committee.  The terms and conditions applicable to such Awards shall be determined by the Committee and evidenced by Award Agreements, which agreements need not be identical.

11.       Adjustment for Recapitalization, Merger, etc.

(a)        Capitalization Adjustments.  The aggregate number of shares of Stock that may be delivered in connection with Awards (as set forth in Section 4 hereof),  the numerical share limits in Section 4 hereof, the number of shares of Stock covered by each outstanding Award, and the price per share of Stock underlying each such Award shall be equitably and proportionally adjusted or substituted, as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, as to the number, price, or kind of a share of Stock or other consideration subject to such Awards (1) in the event of changes in the outstanding Stock or in the capital structure of the Company by reason of stock dividends, extraordinary cash dividends, stock splits, reverse stock splits, recapitalizations, reorganizations, mergers, amalgamations, consolidations, combinations, exchanges, or other relevant changes in capitalization occurring after the date of grant of any such Award (including any Corporate Event); (2) in connection with any extraordinary dividend declared and paid in respect of shares of Stock, whether payable in the form of cash, stock, or any other form of consideration; or (3) in the event of any change in applicable laws or circumstances that results in or could result in, in either case, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, any substantial dilution or enlargement of the rights intended to be granted to, or available for, Participants in the Plan.

(b)        Corporate Events.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as provided by the Committee in an Award Agreement, Participant Agreement or otherwise, in connection with (i) a merger, amalgamation, or consolidation involving the Company in which the Company is not the surviving corporation, (ii) a merger, amalgamation, or consolidation involving the Company in which the Company is the surviving corporation but the holders of shares of Stock receive securities of another corporation or other property or cash, (iii) a Change in Control, or (iv) the reorganization, dissolution or liquidation of the Company (each, a “Corporate Event”), the Committee may provide for any one or more of the following:

(1)        The assumption or substitution of any or all Awards in connection with such Corporate Event, in which case the Awards shall be subject to the adjustment set forth in subsection (a) above, and to the extent that such Awards are Performance

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Awards or other Awards that vest subject to the achievement of Performance Objectives or similar performance criteria, such Performance Objectives or similar performance criteria shall be adjusted appropriately to reflect the Corporate Event;

(2)        The acceleration of vesting of any or all Awards not assumed or substituted in connection with such Corporate Event, subject to the consummation of such Corporate Event; provided that any Performance Awards or other Awards that vest subject to the achievement of Performance Objectives or similar performance criteria will be deemed earned (i) based on actual performance through the date of the Corporate Event, or (ii) at the target level (or if no target is specified, the maximum level), in the event actual performance cannot be measured through the date of the Corporate Event, in each case, with respect to all unexpired Performance Periods or Performance Periods for which satisfaction of the Performance Objectives or other material terms for the applicable Performance Period has not been certified by the Committee prior to the date of the Corporate Event;

(3)        The cancellation of any or all Awards not assumed or substituted in connection with such Corporate Event (whether vested or unvested) as of the consummation of such Corporate Event, together with the payment to the Participants holding vested Awards (including any Awards that would vest upon the Corporate Event but for such cancellation) so canceled of an amount in respect of cancellation equal to the amount payable pursuant to any Cash Award or, with respect to other Awards, an amount based upon the per-share consideration being paid for the Stock in connection with such Corporate Event, less, in the case of Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, and other Awards subject to exercise, the applicable exercise or base price; provided, however, that holders of Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, and other Awards subject to exercise shall be entitled to consideration in respect of cancellation of such Awards only if the per-share consideration less the applicable exercise or base price is greater than zero dollars ($0), and to the extent that the per-share consideration is less than or equal to the applicable exercise or base price, such Awards shall be canceled for no consideration;

(4)        The cancellation of any or all Options, Stock Appreciation Rights and other Awards subject to exercise not assumed or substituted in connection with such Corporate Event (whether vested or unvested) as of the consummation of such Corporate Event; provided that all Options, Stock Appreciation Rights and other Awards to be so canceled pursuant to this paragraph (4) shall first become exercisable for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to such Corporate Event, with any exercise during such period of any unvested Options, Stock Appreciation Rights or other Awards to be (A) contingent upon and subject to the occurrence of the Corporate Event, and (B) effectuated by such means as are approved by the Committee; and

(5)        The replacement of any or all Awards (other than Awards that are intended to qualify as “stock rights” that do not provide for a “deferral of compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code) with a cash incentive program that preserves the value of the Awards so replaced (determined as of the consummation of the Corporate Event), with subsequent payment of cash incentives subject to the same

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vesting conditions as applicable to the Awards so replaced and payment to be made within thirty (30) days of the applicable vesting date.

Payments to holders pursuant to paragraph (3) above shall be made in cash or, in the sole discretion of the Committee, and to the extent applicable, in the form of such other consideration necessary for a Participant to receive property, cash, or securities (or a combination thereof) as such Participant would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of the transaction if the Participant had been, immediately prior to such transaction, the holder of the number of shares of Stock covered by the Award at such time (less any applicable exercise or base price).  In addition, in connection with any Corporate Event, prior to any payment or adjustment contemplated under this subsection (b), the Committee may require a Participant to (A) represent and warrant as to the unencumbered title to his or her Awards, (B) bear such Participant’s pro-rata share of any post-closing indemnity obligations, and be subject to the same post-closing purchase price adjustments, escrow terms, offset rights, holdback terms, and similar conditions as the other holders of Stock, and (C) deliver customary transfer documentation as reasonably determined by the Committee.  The Committee need not take the same action or actions with respect to all Awards or portions thereof or with respect to all Participants.  The Committee may take different actions with respect to the vested and unvested portions of an Award.

(c)        Fractional Shares.  Any adjustment provided under this Section 11 may, in the Committee’s discretion, provide for the elimination of any fractional share that might otherwise become subject to an Award.  No cash settlements shall be made with respect to fractional shares so eliminated.

(d)        Double-Trigger Vesting.  Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Plan, but other than as provided in an Award Agreement or Participant Agreement, with respect to any Award that is assumed or substituted in connection with a Change in Control, the vesting, payment, purchase or distribution of such Award may not be accelerated by reason of the Change in Control for any Participant unless the Participant experiences an involuntary Termination as a result of the Change in Control.  For purposes of this Section 11(d), a Participant will be deemed to experience an involuntary Termination as a result of a Change in Control if the Participant experiences a Termination by the Service Recipient other than for Cause, or otherwise experiences a Termination under circumstances which entitle the Participant to mandatory severance payment(s) pursuant to applicable law or, in the case of a non-employee director of the Company, if the non-employee director’s service on the Board terminates in connection with or as a result of a Change in Control, in each case, at any time beginning on the date of the Change in Control up to and including the second (2nd) anniversary of the Change in Control.

12.       Cancellation and Rescission of Awards.

(a)        Unless the Award Agreement specifies otherwise, the Committee may cancel, rescind, suspend, withhold or otherwise limit or restrict any unexpired, unpaid, or deferred Awards at any time if the Participant is not in compliance with all applicable provisions of the Award Agreement and the Plan, or if the Participant engages in any “Detrimental Activity.” For purposes of this Section 12, “Detrimental Activity” shall include: (i) the rendering of services for any organization or engaging directly or indirectly in any business which is or becomes competitive with any member of the Company Group, or which organization or

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business, or the rendering of services to such organization or business, is or becomes otherwise prejudicial to or in conflict with the interests of the Company Group; (ii) the disclosure to anyone outside the Company Group, or the use in other than the business of the Company Group, without prior written authorization from the Service Recipient, of any confidential information or material, as defined in any restrictive covenant agreement or other such agreement with confidentiality provisions between the Service Recipient and the Participant, relating to the business of the Company Group, acquired by the Participant either during or after employment with the Service Recipient; (iii) the failure or refusal to disclose promptly and to assign to the Service Recipient, pursuant to any restrictive covenant agreement or other such inventions assignment agreement, all right, title and interest in any invention or idea, patentable or not, made or conceived by the Participant during employment by the Service Recipient, relating in any manner to the actual or anticipated business, research or development work of the Company Group or the failure or refusal to do anything reasonably necessary to enable the Company Group to secure a patent where appropriate in the United States and in other countries; (iv) activity that results in the Participant’s Termination for Cause; (v) a violation of any rules, policies, procedures or guidelines of the Service Recipient; (vi) any attempt directly or indirectly to induce any employee of the Company Group to be employed or perform services elsewhere or any attempt directly or indirectly to solicit the trade or business of any current or prospective customer, supplier or partner of the Company Group; (vii) the Participant being convicted of, or entering a guilty plea with respect to, a crime, whether or not connected with the Service Recipient; or (viii) any other conduct or act determined to be injurious, detrimental or prejudicial to any interest of the Company Group.

(b)        Upon exercise, payment or delivery pursuant to an Award, the Participant shall certify in a manner acceptable to the Company that he or she is in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Plan. In the event a Participant fails to comply with the provisions of clauses (a)(i)-(viii) of this Section 12 prior to, or during the Rescission Period, then any exercise, payment or delivery may be rescinded within two years after such exercise, payment or delivery. In the event of any such rescission, the Participant shall pay to the Company the amount of any gain realized or payment received as a result of the rescinded exercise, payment or delivery, in such manner and on such terms and conditions as may be required, and the Company shall be entitled to set-off against the amount of any such gain any amount owed to the Participant by the Service Recipient. As used herein, “Rescission Period” shall mean that period of time established by the Committee which shall not be less than 6 months after any exercise, payment or delivery pursuant to an Award.

13.       Use of Proceeds.

The proceeds received from the sale of Stock pursuant to the Plan shall be used for general corporate purposes.

14.       Rights and Privileges as a Stockholder.

Except as otherwise specifically provided in the Plan, no Person shall be entitled to the rights and privileges of Stock ownership in respect of shares of Stock that are subject to Awards hereunder until such shares have been issued to that Person.

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15.       Transferability of Awards.

Awards may not be sold, transferred, pledged, assigned, or otherwise alienated or hypothecated, other than by will or by the applicable laws of descent and distribution, and to the extent subject to exercise, Awards may not be exercised during the lifetime of the grantee other than by the grantee.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, except with respect to Incentive Stock Options, Awards and a Participant’s rights under the Plan shall be transferable for no value to the extent provided in an Award Agreement or otherwise determined at any time by the Committee.

16.       Employment or Service Rights.

No individual shall have any claim or right to be granted an Award under the Plan or, having been selected for the grant of an Award, to be selected for the grant of any other Award.  Neither the Plan nor any action taken hereunder shall be construed as giving any individual any right to be retained in the employ or service of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.

17.       Compliance with Laws.

The obligation of the Company to deliver Stock upon issuance, vesting, exercise, or settlement of any Award shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and to such approvals by governmental agencies as may be required.  Notwithstanding any terms or conditions of any Award to the contrary, the Company shall be under no obligation to offer to sell or to sell, and shall be prohibited from offering to sell or selling, any shares of Stock pursuant to an Award unless such shares have been properly registered for sale with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Act (or with a similar non‑U.S. regulatory agency pursuant to a similar law or regulation) or unless the Company has received an opinion of counsel, satisfactory to the Company, that such shares may be offered or sold without such registration pursuant to an available exemption therefrom and the terms and conditions of such exemption have been fully complied with.  The Company shall be under no obligation to register for sale or resale under the Securities Act any of the shares of Stock to be offered or sold under the Plan or any shares of Stock to be issued upon exercise or settlement of Awards.  If the shares of Stock offered for sale or sold under the Plan are offered or sold pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, the Company may restrict the transfer of such shares and may legend the Stock certificates representing such shares in such manner as it deems advisable to ensure the availability of any such exemption.

18.       Withholding Obligations.

As a condition to the issuance, vesting, exercise, or settlement of any Award (or upon the making of an election under Section 83(b) of the Code), the Committee may require that a Participant satisfy, through deduction or withholding from any payment of any kind otherwise due to the Participant, or through such other arrangements as are satisfactory to the Committee, the amount of all federal, state, and local income and other taxes of any kind required or permitted to be withheld in connection with such issuance, vesting, exercise, or settlement (or election).  The Committee, in its discretion, may permit shares of Stock to be used to satisfy tax withholding requirements, and such shares shall be valued at their Fair Market

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Value as of the issuance, vesting, exercise, or settlement date of the Award, as applicable.  Depending on the withholding method, the Company may withhold by considering the applicable minimum statutorily required withholding rates or other applicable withholding rates in the applicable Participant’s jurisdiction, including maximum applicable rates that may be utilized without creating adverse accounting treatment under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 (or any successor pronouncement thereto).

19.       Amendment of the Plan or Awards.

(a)        Amendment of Plan.  The Board or the Committee may amend the Plan at any time and from time to time.

(b)        Amendment of Awards.  The Board or the Committee may amend the terms of any one or more Awards at any time and from time to time.

(c)        Stockholder Approval; No Material Impairment.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no amendment to the Plan or any Award shall be effective without stockholder approval to the extent that such approval is required pursuant to applicable law or the applicable rules of each national securities exchange on which the Stock is listed.  Additionally, no amendment to the Plan or any Award shall materially impair a Participant’s rights under any Award unless the Participant consents in writing (it being understood that no action taken by the Board or the Committee that is expressly permitted under the Plan, including, without limitation, any actions described in Section 11 hereof, shall constitute an amendment to the Plan or an Award for such purpose).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to the limitations of applicable law, if any, and without an affected Participant’s consent, the Board or the Committee may amend the terms of the Plan or any one or more Awards from time to time as necessary to bring such Awards into compliance with applicable law, including, without limitation, Section 409A of the Code.

(d)        No Repricing of Awards Without Stockholder Approval.  Notwithstanding subsection (a) or (b) above, or any other provision of the Plan, the repricing of Awards shall not be permitted without stockholder approval.  For this purpose, a “repricing” means any of the following (or any other action that has the same effect as any of the following): (1) changing the terms of an Award to lower its exercise or base price (other than on account of capital adjustments resulting from share splits, etc., as described in Section 11(a) hereof), (2) any other action that is treated as a repricing under GAAP, and (3) repurchasing for cash or canceling an Award in exchange for another Award at a time when its exercise or base price is greater than the Fair Market Value of the underlying Stock, unless the cancellation and exchange occurs in connection with an event set forth in Section 11(b) hereof.

20.       Termination or Suspension of the Plan.

The Board or the Committee may suspend or terminate the Plan at any time.  Unless sooner terminated, the Plan shall terminate on the day before the tenth (10th) anniversary of the date the stockholders of the Company approve the Plan.  No Awards may be granted under the Plan while the Plan is suspended or after it is terminated; provided, however, that following any suspension or termination of the Plan, the Plan shall remain in effect for the purpose of

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governing all Awards then outstanding hereunder until such time as all Awards under the Plan have been terminated, forfeited, or otherwise canceled, or earned, exercised, settled, or otherwise paid out, in accordance with their terms.

21.       Effective Date of the Plan.

The Plan is effective as of the Effective Date, subject to stockholder approval.

22.       Miscellaneous.

(a)        Certificates.  Stock acquired pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such a manner as the Committee shall determine.  If certificates representing Stock are registered in the name of the Participant, the Committee may require that (1) such certificates bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms, conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Stock, (2) the Company retain physical possession of the certificates, and (3) the Participant deliver a stock power to the Company, endorsed in blank, relating to the Stock.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may determine, in its sole discretion, that the Stock shall be held in book-entry form rather than delivered to the Participant pending the release of any applicable restrictions.

(b)        Other Benefits.  No Award granted or paid out under the Plan shall be deemed compensation for purposes of computing benefits under any retirement plan of the Company or its Affiliates nor affect any benefits under any other benefit plan now or subsequently in effect under which the availability or amount of benefits is related to the level of compensation.

(c)        Corporate Action Constituting Grant of Awards.  Corporate action constituting a grant by the Company of an Award to any Participant will be deemed completed as of the date of such corporate action, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, regardless of when the instrument, certificate, or letter evidencing the Award is communicated to, or actually received or accepted by, the Participant.  In the event that the corporate records (e.g., Committee consents, resolutions or minutes) documenting the corporate action constituting the grant contain terms (e.g., exercise price, vesting schedule or number of shares of Stock) that are inconsistent with those in the Award Agreement as a result of a clerical error in connection with the preparation  of the Award Agreement, the corporate records will control and the Participant will have no legally binding right to the incorrect term in the Award Agreement.

(d)        Clawback/Recoupment Policy.  Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, all Awards granted under the Plan shall be and remain subject to any incentive compensation clawback or recoupment policy currently in effect or as may be adopted by the Board (or a committee or subcommittee of the Board) and, in each case, as may be amended from time to time.  No such policy adoption or amendment shall in any event require the prior consent of any Participant.  No recovery of compensation under such a clawback policy will be an event giving rise to a right to resign for “good reason” or “constructive termination” (or similar term) under any agreement with the Company or any of its Affiliates.  In the event that an Award is subject to more than one such policy, the policy with the most restrictive clawback or recoupment provisions shall govern such Award, subject to applicable law.

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(e)        Non-Exempt Employees.  If an Option is granted to an employee of the Company or any of its Affiliates in the United States who is a non-exempt employee for purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, the Option will not be first exercisable for any shares of Stock until at least six (6) months following the date of grant of the Option (although the Option may vest prior to such date).  Consistent with the provisions of the Worker Economic Opportunity Act, (1) if such employee dies or suffers a Disability, (2) upon a Corporate Event in which such Option is not assumed, continued, or substituted, (3) upon a Change in Control, or (4) upon the Participant’s retirement (as such term may be defined in the applicable Award Agreement or a Participant Agreement, or, if no such definition exists, in accordance with the Company’s then current employment policies and guidelines), the vested portion of any Options held by such employee may be exercised earlier than six (6) months following the date of grant.  The foregoing provision is intended to operate so that any income derived by a non-exempt employee in connection with the exercise or vesting of an Option will be exempt from his or her regular rate of pay.  To the extent permitted and/or required for compliance with the Worker Economic Opportunity Act to ensure that any income derived by a non-exempt employee in connection with the exercise, vesting or issuance of any shares under any other Award will be exempt from such employee’s regular rate of pay, the provisions of this Section 22(e) will apply to all Awards.

(f)        Data Privacy.  As a condition of receipt of any Award, each Participant explicitly and unambiguously consents to the collection, use, and transfer, in electronic or other form, of personal data as described in this Section 22(e) by and among, as applicable, the Company and its Affiliates for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering, and managing the Plan and Awards and the Participant’s participation in the Plan.  In furtherance of such implementation, administration, and management, the Company and its Affiliates may hold certain personal information about a Participant, including, but not limited to, the Participant’s name, home address, telephone number, date of birth, social security or insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title(s), information regarding any securities of the Company or any of its Affiliates, and details of all Awards (the “Data”).  In addition to transferring the Data amongst themselves as necessary for the purpose of implementation, administration, and management of the Plan and Awards and the Participant’s participation in the Plan, the Company and its Affiliates may each transfer the Data to any third parties assisting the Company in the implementation, administration, and management of the Plan and Awards and the Participant’s participation in the Plan.  Recipients of the Data may be located in the Participant’s country or elsewhere, and the Participant’s country and any given recipient’s country may have different data privacy laws and protections.  By accepting an Award, each Participant authorizes such recipients to receive, possess, use, retain, and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of assisting the Company in the implementation, administration, and management of the Plan and Awards and the Participant’s participation in the Plan, including any requisite transfer of such Data as may be required to a broker or other third party with whom the Company or the Participant may elect to deposit any shares of Stock.  The Data related to a Participant will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer, and manage the Plan and Awards and the Participant’s participation in the Plan.  A Participant may, at any time, view the Data held by the Company with respect to such Participant, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data with respect to such Participant, recommend any necessary corrections to the Data with respect to the Participant, or refuse or withdraw the consents herein in writing, in any case without cost, by contacting his or

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her local human resources representative.  The Company may cancel the Participant’s eligibility to participate in the Plan, and in the Committee’s discretion, the Participant may forfeit any outstanding Awards if the Participant refuses or withdraws the consents described herein.  For more information on the consequences of refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, Participants may contact their local human resources representative.

(g)        Participants Outside of the United States.  The Committee may modify the terms of any Award under the Plan made to or held by a Participant who is then a resident, or is primarily employed or providing services, outside of the United States in any manner deemed by the Committee to be necessary or appropriate in order that such Award shall conform to laws, regulations, and customs of the country in which the Participant is then a resident or primarily employed or providing services, or so that the value and other benefits of the Award to the Participant, as affected by non–U.S. tax laws and other restrictions applicable as a result of the Participant’s residence, employment, or providing services abroad, shall be comparable to the value of such Award to a Participant who is a resident, or is primarily employed or providing services, in the United States.  An Award may be modified under this Section 22(g) in a manner that is inconsistent with the express terms of the Plan, so long as such modifications will not contravene any applicable law or regulation or result in actual liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act for the Participant whose Award is modified.  Additionally, the Committee may adopt such procedures and sub-plans as are necessary or appropriate to permit participation in the Plan by Eligible Persons who are non–U.S. nationals or are primarily employed or providing services outside the United States.

(h)        Change in Time Commitment.  In the event a Participant’s regular level of time commitment in the performance of his or her services for the Company or any of its Affiliates is reduced (for example, and without limitation, if the Participant is an employee of the Company and the employee has a change in status from a full-time employee to a part-time employee) after the date of grant of any Award to the Participant, the Committee has the right in its sole discretion to (i) make a corresponding reduction in the number of shares of Stock subject to any portion of such Award that is scheduled to vest or become payable after the date of such change in time commitment, and (ii) in lieu of or in combination with such a reduction, extend the vesting or payment schedule applicable to such Award.  In the event of any such reduction, the Participant will have no right with respect to any portion of the Award that is so reduced or extended.

(i)         No Liability of Committee Members.  Neither any member of the Committee nor any of the Committee’s permitted delegates shall be liable personally by reason of any contract or other instrument executed by such member or on his or her behalf in his or her capacity as a member of the Committee or for any mistake of judgment made in good faith, and the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each member of the Committee and each other employee, officer, or director of the Company to whom any duty or power relating to the administration or interpretation of the Plan may be allocated or delegated, against all costs and expenses (including counsel fees) and liabilities (including sums paid in settlement of a claim) arising out of any act or omission to act in connection with the Plan, unless arising out of such Person’s own fraud or willful misconduct; provided, however, that approval of the Board shall be required for the payment of any amount in settlement of a claim against any such Person.  The foregoing right of indemnification shall not be exclusive of any other rights of indemnification to

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which such Persons may be entitled under the Company’s certificate or articles of incorporation or by-laws, each as may be amended from time to time, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.

(j)         Payments Following Accidents or Illness.  If the Committee shall find that any Person to whom any amount is payable under the Plan is unable to care for his or her affairs because of illness or accident, or is a minor, or has died, then any payment due to such Person or his or her estate (unless a prior claim therefor has been made by a duly appointed legal representative) may, if the Committee so directs the Company, be paid to his or her spouse, child, relative, an institution maintaining or having custody of such Person, or any other Person deemed by the Committee to be a proper recipient on behalf of such Person otherwise entitled to payment.  Any such payment shall be a complete discharge of the liability of the Committee and the Company therefor.

(k)        Governing Law.  The Plan shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware without reference to the principles of conflicts of laws thereof.

(l)         Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial.  Any suit, action or proceeding with respect to the Plan or any Award Agreement or Participant Agreement, or any judgment entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in respect of any thereof, shall be resolved only in the courts of the State of Delaware or the United States District Court for the District of Delaware and the appellate courts having jurisdiction of appeals in such courts.  In that context, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company and each Participant shall irrevocably and unconditionally:  (i) submit in any proceeding relating to the Plan or any Award Agreement or Participant Agreement, or for the recognition and enforcement of any judgment in respect thereof (a “Proceeding”), to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware, the court of the United States of America for the District of Delaware, and appellate courts having jurisdiction of appeals from any of the foregoing, and agree that all claims in respect of any such Proceeding shall be heard and determined in such Delaware State court or, to the extent permitted by law, in such federal court; (ii) consent that any such Proceeding may and shall be brought in such courts and waives any objection that the Company and each Participant may now or thereafter have to the venue or jurisdiction of any such Proceeding in any such court or that such Proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agree not to plead or claim the same; (iii) waive all right to trial by jury in any Proceeding (whether based on contract, tort or otherwise) arising out of or relating to the Plan or any Award Agreement or Participant Agreement; (iv) agree that service of process in any such Proceeding may be effected by mailing a copy of such process by registered or certified mail (or any substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, to such party, in the case of a Participant, at the Participant’s address shown in the books and records of the Company or, in the case of the Company, at the Company’s principal offices, attention General Counsel, and (v) agree that nothing in the Plan shall affect the right to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by the laws of the State of Delaware.

(m)       Electronic Delivery.  Any reference herein to a “written” agreement or document or “writing” will include any agreement or document delivered electronically or posted on the Company’s intranet (or other shared electronic medium controlled or authorized by the Company to which the Participant has access) to the extent permitted by applicable law.

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(n)        Statute of Limitations.  A Participant or any other person filing a claim for benefits under the Plan must file the claim within one (1) year of the date the Participant or other person knew or should have known of the facts giving rise to the claim.  This one-year statute of limitations will apply in any forum where a Participant or any other person may file a claim and, unless the Company waives the time limits set forth above in its sole discretion, any claim not brought within the time periods specified shall be waived and forever barred.

(o)        Funding.  No provision of the Plan shall require the Company, for the purpose of satisfying any obligations under the Plan, to purchase assets or place any assets in a trust or other entity to which contributions are made or otherwise to segregate any assets, nor shall the Company be required to maintain separate bank accounts, books, records, or other evidence of the existence of a segregated or separately maintained or administered fund for such purposes.  Participants shall have no rights under the Plan other than as unsecured general creditors of the Company, except that insofar as they may have become entitled to payment of additional compensation by performance of services, they shall have the same rights as other employees and service providers under general law.

(p)        Reliance on Reports.  Each member of the Committee and each member of the Board shall be fully justified in relying, acting, or failing to act, and shall not be liable for having so relied, acted, or failed to act in good faith, upon any report made by the independent public accountant of the Company and its Affiliates and upon any other information furnished in connection with the Plan by any Person or Persons other than such member.

(q)        Titles and Headings.  The titles and headings of the sections in the Plan are for convenience of reference only, and in the event of any conflict, the text of the Plan, rather than such titles or headings, shall control.

*    *                *

APPROVED BY THE STOCKHOLDERS: DECEMBER 20, 2017

TERMINATION DATE: JANUARY 17, 2028

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EX-10.3

Exhibit 10.3

OPTION GRANT NOTICE AND AGREEMENT

Exela Technologies Inc. (the “Company”), pursuant to its 2018  Stock Incentive Plan (as may be amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Plan”), hereby grants to Holder the number of Options (the “Options”) set forth below, each Option representing the right to purchase one share of Stock at the applicable Exercise Price (set forth below).  The Options are subject to all of the terms and conditions set forth in this Option Grant Notice and Agreement (this “Award Agreement”), as well as all of the terms and conditions of the Plan, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.  To the extent that any provisions herein (or portion thereof) conflicts with any provision of the Plan, the Plan shall prevail and control.  Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Plan.

Holder:	[__]
Date of Grant:	[__], 20[__]
Vesting Commencement Date:	[__], 20[__]
Number of Options:	[__]
Exercise Price:	$[__]
Expiration Date:	The tenth (10th) anniversary of the Date of Grant
Type of Option:	Stock Option
Vesting Schedule:	[__]
Exercise of Options:	To exercise vested Options, Holder (or his, her or its authorized representative) must give written notice to the Company, using the form of Option Exercise Notice as proscribed by the Committee, stating the number of Options which he, she or it intends to exercise.  The Company will issue the shares of Stock with respect to which the Options are exercised upon payment of the shares of Stock acquired in accordance with Section 5(d) of the Plan, which Section 5(d) is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
	Upon exercise of Options, Holder will be required to satisfy applicable withholding tax obligations as provided in Section 17 of the Plan.
Termination:	Section 5(f) of the Plan regarding treatment of Options upon Termination is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.

Transfer Restrictions:	Holder shall not be permitted to sell, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the Options before they vest and are settled, and any attempt to sell, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the Options in violation of the foregoing shall be null and void.
No Rights as a Stockholder:	Neither the Options nor this Award Agreement shall entitle Holder to any voting rights or other rights as a stockholder of the Company unless and until the shares of Stock in respect of any exercised Options have been issued in settlement thereof.
Additional Terms:	Options shall be subject to the following additional terms:
	          Options shall be exercisable in whole shares of Stock only.
	          Each Option shall cease to be exercisable as to any share of Stock when Holder purchases the share of Stock or when the Option otherwise expires or is forfeited.
	          Any certificates representing the shares of Stock delivered to Holder shall be subject to such stop transfer orders and other restrictions as the Committee may deem advisable under the rules, regulations, and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange upon which such shares are listed, and any applicable federal or state laws, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends to be put on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions as the Committee deems appropriate.
	          Holder shall be the record owner of the shares of Stock issued in respect of the Options, and as record owner shall generally be entitled to all rights of a stockholder with respect to the shares of Stock issued in respect of the Options.
	          This Award Agreement does not confer upon Holder any right to continue as an employee or service provider of the Service Recipient or any other member of the Company Group.
	          This Award Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.
	          Holder agrees that the Company may deliver by email all documents relating to the Plan or the Options (including, without limitation, a copy of the Plan) and all other documents that the Company is required to deliver to its

-2-

security holders (including, without limitation, disclosures that may be required by the Securities and Exchange Commission).  Holder also agrees that the Company may deliver these documents by posting them on a website maintained by the Company or by a third party under contract with the Company.  If the Company posts these documents on a website, it shall notify Holder by email or such other reasonable manner as then determined by the Company.

          This Award Agreement and the Plan constitute the entire understanding and agreement of the parties hereto and supersede all prior negotiations, discussions, correspondence, communications, understandings, and agreements (whether oral or written and whether express or implied) between the Company and Holder relating to the subject matter of this Award Agreement.  Without limiting the foregoing, to the extent Holder has entered into an employment or similar agreement with the Company or any of its affiliates prior to the Date of Grant, and the terms noted in such employment or similar agreement are inconsistent with or conflict with this Award Agreement, then the terms of this Award Agreement will supersede and be deemed to amend and modify the inconsistent or conflicting terms set forth in such employment or similar agreement.

*         *        *

-3-

THE UNDERSIGNED HOLDER ACKNOWLEDGES RECEIPT OF THIS AWARD AGREEMENT AND THE PLAN, AND, AS AN EXPRESS CONDITION TO THE GRANT OF OPTIONS UNDER THIS AWARD AGREEMENT, AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF BOTH THIS AWARD AGREEMENT AND THE PLAN.

EXELA TECHNOLOGIES INC.		HOLDER
By:
	Signature		Signature
Title:		Print Name:
Date:		Date:

[Signature Page to Option Grant Notice and Agreement]

EX-10.4

Exhibit 10.4

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT GRANT NOTICE AND AGREEMENT

Exela Technologies Inc. (the “Company”), pursuant to its 2018  Stock Incentive Plan  (as may be amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time,  the “Plan”), hereby grants to Holder the number of Restricted Stock Units, subject to adjustment as provided in the Plan (the “Restricted Stock Units”).  The Restricted Stock Units are subject to all of the terms and conditions set forth in this Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement (this “Award Agreement”), as well as all of the terms and conditions of the Plan, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.  To the extent that any provisions herein (or portion thereof) conflicts with any provision of the Plan, the Plan shall prevail and control.  Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Plan.

Holder:	[__]
Date of Grant:	[__]
Vesting Commencement Date:	[__]
Number of Restricted Stock Units:	[__]
Vesting Schedule:	[__]
Settlement:	Upon vesting of a Restricted Stock Unit, the Company shall settle each Restricted Stock Unit by delivering to Holder one share of Stock for each Restricted Stock Unit that vested as soon as practicable (but not more than thirty (30) days) following each vesting date (the “Original Issuance Date”).  The shares of Stock issued in respect of the Restricted Stock Units may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Original Issuance Date does not occur (i) during an “open window period” applicable to Holder, (ii) on a date when Holder is permitted to sell shares of Stock pursuant to a written plan that meets the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, as determined by the Company in accordance with the Company’s then­effective policy on trading in Company securities (the “Policy”), or (iii) on a date when Holder is otherwise permitted to sell shares of Stock on an established stock exchange or stock market, then such shares will not be delivered on such Original Issuance Date and will instead be delivered on the first business day of the next occurring “open window” period applicable to Holder pursuant to such Policy (regardless of whether Holder has experienced a Termination at such time) or the next business day when Holder is not prohibited from selling shares of Stock on the open market, but in no event later than the later of (x) December 31st of the calendar year in which

	the Original Issuance Date occurs (that is, the last day of Holder’s taxable year in which the Original Issuance Date occurs), or (y) to the extent permitted by Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-1(b)(4) without penalty, the fifteenth (15th) day of the third calendar month of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the Original Issuance Date occurs.
Termination:	Section 7(d) of the Plan regarding treatment of Restricted Stock Units is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
Transfer Restrictions:	Holder shall not be permitted to sell, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the Restricted Stock Units before they vest and are settled, and any attempt to sell, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the Restricted Stock Units in violation of the foregoing shall be null and void.
General Unsecured Creditor:	Holder shall have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company until shares of Stock are issued in respect of the Restricted Stock Units.
No Rights as a Stockholder:	Neither the Restricted Stock Units nor this Award Agreement shall entitle Holder to any voting rights or other rights as a stockholder of the Company unless and until the shares of Stock in respect of the Restricted Stock Units have been issued in settlement thereof.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no dividends (whether in cash or shares of Stock) or dividend equivalents shall accrue or be paid with respect to any Restricted Stock Units.
Additional Terms:	The Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to the following additional terms:
	          Any certificates representing the shares of Stock delivered to Holder shall be subject to such stop transfer orders and other restrictions as the Committee may deem advisable under the rules, regulations, and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange upon which such shares are listed, and any applicable federal or state laws, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends to be put on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions as the Committee deems appropriate.
	          Holder shall be the record owner of the shares of Stock issued in respect of the Restricted Stock Units

-  2  -

until or unless such shares of Stock are repurchased or otherwise sold or transferred in accordance with the terms of the Plan, and as record owner shall generally be entitled to all rights of a stockholder with respect to the shares of Stock issued in respect of the Restricted Stock Units.

Upon issuance of shares of Stock in respect of the Restricted Stock Units, Holder shall be required to satisfy applicable withholding tax obligations, if any, as provided in the Plan.

          This Award Agreement does not confer upon Holder any right to continue as an employee or service provider of the Service Recipient or any other member of the Company Group.

          This Award Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.

          Holder understands that the Restricted Stock Units are intended to be exempt from Section 409A of the Code as a “short term deferral” to the greatest extent possible and the Restricted Stock Units will be administered and interpreted in accordance with such intent.  In no event whatsoever shall the Company or any of its affiliates be liable for any additional tax, interest or penalties that may be imposed on Holder as a result of Section 409A of the Code or any damages for failing to comply with Section 409A of the Code (other than for withholding obligations or other obligations applicable to employers, if any, under Section 409A of the Code).

          Holder agrees that the Company may deliver by email all documents relating to the Plan or the Restricted Stock Units (including, without limitation, a copy of the Plan) and all other documents that the Company is required to deliver to its security holders (including, without limitation, disclosures that may be required by the Securities and Exchange Commission).  Holder also agrees that the Company may deliver these documents by posting them on a website maintained by the Company or by a third party under contract with the Company.  If the Company posts these documents on a website, it

-  3  -

shall notify Holder by email or such other reasonable manner as then determined by the Company.

          This Award Agreement and the Plan constitute the entire understanding and agreement of the parties hereto and supersede all prior negotiations, discussions, correspondence, communications, understandings, and agreements (whether oral or written and whether express or implied) between the Company and Holder relating to the subject matter of this Award Agreement.  Without limiting the foregoing, to the extent Holder has entered into an employment or similar agreement with the Company or any of its affiliates prior to the Date of Grant, and the terms noted in such employment or similar agreement are inconsistent with or conflict with this Award Agreement, then the terms of this Award Agreement will supersede and be deemed to amend and modify the inconsistent or conflicting terms set forth in such employment or similar agreement.

*        *         *

-  4  -

THE UNDERSIGNED HOLDER ACKNOWLEDGES RECEIPT OF THIS AWARD AGREEMENT AND THE PLAN, AND, AS AN EXPRESS CONDITION TO THE GRANT OF RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS UNDER THIS AWARD AGREEMENT, AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF BOTH THIS AWARD AGREEMENT AND THE PLAN.

EXELA TECHNOLOGIES INC.		HOLDER
By:
	Signature		Signature
Title:		Print Name:
Date:		Date:

[Signature Page to Restricted Stock Unit Notice and Agreement]

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a) or RULE 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Ronald Cogburn, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Exela Technologies, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2019;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2019

	/s/ Ronald Cogburn
Name:	Ronald Cogburn
Title:	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a) or RULE 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, James G. Reynolds, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Exela Technologies, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2019;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2019		/s/ James G. Reynolds
	Name:	James G. Reynolds
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

        In connection with the Quarterly Report of Exela Technologies, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Ronald Cogburn, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)  The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)  The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 9, 2019

	/s/ Ronald Cogburn
Name:	Ronald Cogburn
Title:	Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

        In connection with the Quarterly Report of Exela Technologies, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, James G. Reynolds, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)  The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)  The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 9, 2019

	/s/ James G. Reynolds
Name:	James G. Reynolds
Title:	Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	May 08, 2019
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	Exela Technologies, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001620179
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		150,142,955

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 8,262	$ 25,615
Restricted cash	4,998	18,239
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,913 and $4,359 respectively	278,064	270,812
Inventories, net	16,321	16,220
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	25,330	25,015
Total current assets	332,975	355,901
Property, plant and equipment, net	129,621	132,986
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	100,727
Goodwill	708,285	708,258
Intangible assets, net	397,412	407,021
Deferred income tax assets	16,202	16,225
Other noncurrent assets	17,667	19,391
Total assets	1,702,889	1,639,782
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	90,924	99,853
Related party payables	6,184	7,735
Income tax payable	4,898	1,996
Accrued liabilities	63,138	66,008
Accrued compensation and benefits	57,961	54,583
Accrued interest	23,928	49,071
Customer deposits	28,410	34,235
Deferred revenue	19,966	16,504
Obligation for claim payment	46,063	56,002
Current portion of finance lease obligations	15,961	17,498
Current portion of operating lease obligations	27,368
Current portion of long-term debt	32,821	29,237
Total current liabilities	417,622	432,722
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	1,336,152	1,306,423
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion	27,231	26,738
Pension liability	25,514	25,269
Deferred income tax liabilities	12,439	11,212
Long-term income tax liability	3,158	3,024
Operating lease right-of-use liability, net of current portion	78,290
Other long-term liabilities	6,747	15,400
Total liabilities	1,907,153	1,820,788
Commitment and Contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' equity (deficit)
Common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 1,600,000,000 shares authorized; 152,692,140 shares issued and 150,142,955 outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	15	15
Preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 4,569,233 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	1	1
Additional paid in capital	482,018	482,018
Less: common stock held in treasury, at cost; 2,549,185 shares at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	(10,342)	(10,342)
Equity-based compensation	44,529	41,731
Accumulated deficit	(707,787)	(678,563)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(3,173)	(6,565)
Unrealized pension actuarial losses, net of tax	(9,525)	(9,301)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,698)	(15,866)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(204,264)	(181,006)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$ 1,702,889	$ 1,639,782

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 5,913	$ 4,359
Accumulated depreciation on property, plant and equipment	$ 163,199	$ 154,060
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock shares authorized	1,600,000,000	1,600,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	152,692,140	152,692,140
Common stock, shares outstanding	150,142,955	150,142,955
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	4,569,233	4,569,233
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	4,569,233	4,569,233
Common stock held in treasury at cost (in shares)	2,549,185	2,549,185

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
Revenue	$ 403,765	$ 393,167
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	306,882	293,792
Selling, general and administrative expenses	49,949	45,595
Depreciation and amortization	28,020	38,019
Related party expense	994	1,105
Operating income	17,920	14,656
Other expense (income), net:
Interest expense, net	38,899	38,017
Sundry expense (income), net	2,531	(64)
Other income, net	1,677	(3,328)
Net loss before income taxes	(25,187)	(19,969)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(4,720)	(4,025)
Net loss	(29,907)	(23,994)
Cumulative dividends for Series A Preferred Stock	(914)	(914)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (30,821)	$ (24,908)
Loss per share - basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.16)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Net Loss	$ (29,907)	$ (23,994)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	3,392	(268)
Unrealized pension actuarial gains (losses), net of tax	(224)	(403)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$ (26,739)	$ (24,665)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Preferred Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Equity-based Compensation	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	Unrealized Pension Actuarial Losses, net of tax	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 15	$ 1	$ (249)	$ 482,018	$ 34,085	$ (194)	$ (11,054)	$ (514,628)	$ (10,006)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	150,529,151	6,194,233	49,300
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Implementation of ASU								(1,419)	(1,419)
Net Loss								(23,994)	(23,994)
Equity-based compensation					959				959
Foreign currency translation adjustment						(268)			(268)
Net realized pension actuarial gains, net of tax							(403)		$ (403)
Preferred shares converted to common	1,986,767	(1,625,000)
Shares Repurchased (in shares)									0
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2018	$ 15	$ 1	$ (249)	482,018	35,044	(462)	(11,457)	(540,041)	$ (35,131)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018	152,515,918	4,569,233	49,300
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 15	$ 1	$ (10,342)	482,018	41,731	(6,565)	(9,301)	(678,563)	(181,006)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	150,142,955	4,569,233	2,549,185
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Implementation of ASU								683	683
Net Loss								(29,907)	(29,907)
Equity-based compensation					2,798				2,798
Foreign currency translation adjustment						3,392			3,392
Net realized pension actuarial gains, net of tax							(224)		$ (224)
Shares Repurchased (in shares)									0
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 15	$ 1	$ (10,342)	$ 482,018	$ 44,529	$ (3,173)	$ (9,525)	$ (707,787)	$ (204,264)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019	150,142,955	4,569,233	2,549,185

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (29,907)	$ (23,994)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss
Depreciation and amortization	28,020	38,019
Original issue discount and debt issuance cost amortization	2,852	2,595
Provision for doubtful accounts	800	481
Deferred income tax provision	1,076	835
Share-based compensation expense	2,798	959
Foreign currency remeasurement	35	(323)
Loss on sale of assets	9	253
Fair value adjustment for interest rate swap	1,677	(3,328)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions
Accounts receivable	(8,742)	(10,876)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(632)	(5,567)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(33,574)	(18,864)
Related party payables	(1,551)	(273)
Net cash used in operating activities	(37,139)	(20,083)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(5,572)	(5,957)
Additions to internally developed software	(1,879)	(1,092)
Additions to outsourcing contract costs	(5,561)	(1,596)
Proceeds from sale of Assets	7	2
Net cash used in investing activities	(13,005)	(8,643)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchases of common stock	(2,872)
Proceeds from financing obligation	566	1,863
Cash paid for equity issue costs		(7,500)
Net borrowings under factoring agreement	1,118
Borrowings from revolver and swing-line loan	51,000	25,000
Repayments from revolver and swing-line loan	(21,000)	(25,000)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(5,077)	(4,803)
Principal payments on long-term obligations	(4,153)	(2,947)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	19,582	(13,387)
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(32)	55
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(30,594)	(42,058)
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
Beginning of period	43,854	81,489
End of period	13,260	39,431
Supplemental cash flow data:
Income tax payments, net of refunds received	1,356	1,053
Interest paid	60,573	66,192
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired through right-of-use arrangements	4,097	4,432
Accrued capital expenditures	$ 809	$ 1,101

XML

General

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Description of the Business

General

Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts or unless otherwisenoted)

(Unaudited)

1.     General

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Exela Technologies, Inc. (the "Company," "Exela," "we," "our" or "us") annual report on Form 10-K for such period (the “2018 Form 10-K”).

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Regulation S-X as they apply to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These accounting principles require us to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but in our opinion include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim period. The interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year.

Net Loss per Share

Earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net loss available to holders of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”) by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised or converted into Common Stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method or if-converted method in periods of earnings. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share for Common Stock and participating securities. As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the impact of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) was calculated based on the if-converted method. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential of shares of Common Stock if their effect is anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, if converted would have resulted in an additional 5,586,344 shares of Common Stock outstanding, but were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share as their effects were anti-dilutive.

The Company was originally incorporated July 12, 2017 as a special purpose acquisition company under the name Quinpario Acquisition Corp 2 (“Quinpario”). The Company has not included the effect of 35,000,000 warrants sold in the Quinpario Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) in the calculation of net income (loss) per share. Warrants are considered anti-dilutive and excluded when the exercise price exceeds the average market value of the Company’s Common Stock price during the applicable period.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(30,821)	$	(24,908)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (B)		150,142,955		152,140,117
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted (A/B)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.16)

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New Accounting Pronouncements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

2.    New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) no. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842). This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2019, under the modified retrospective transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 with the following practical expedients below:

· Not to record the leases with an initial term of 12 months on the balance sheet; and

· Not to reassess the (1) definition of a lease, (2) lease classification, and (3) initial direct costs for existing leases during transition.

The adoption had a material impact on the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets, but did not have a material impact on the Company's unaudited consolidated income statements and unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows. The most significant impact was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while the Company's accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. See Note 4 for relevant disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU no. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this ASU addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of this ASU addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not have an accounting effect. The adoption had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU no. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815); Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The amendments in this ASU better align the risk management activities and financial reporting for these hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and presentation of hedge results. The adoption had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU no. 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in this ASU address a narrow-scope financial reporting issue related to the tax effects that may become “stranded” in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”). An entity may elect to reclassify the income tax effects of the TCJA on items within AOCI to retained earnings. The adoption had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU no. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting to amend the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees. Under the revised guidance, the accounting for awards issued to nonemployees will be similar to the model for employee awards, except the ASU allows an entity to elect on an award-by-award basis to use the contractual term as the expected term assumption in the option pricing model, and the cost of the grant is recognized in the same period(s) and in the same manner as if the grantor had paid cash. The adoption had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU no. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of the standard will be applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU no. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820); which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC 820. The amendments in this ASU are the result of a broader disclosure project called FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. The FASB used the guidance in the Concepts Statement to improve the effectiveness of ASC 820’s disclosure requirements. The objective of the disclosure requirements in this subtopic is to provide users of financial statements with information about assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position or disclosed in the notes to financial statements. The ASU includes but is not limited to the valuation techniques and inputs that a reporting entity uses to arrive at its measures of fair value, including judgments and assumptions that the entity makes, the uncertainty in the fair value measurements as of the reporting date, and how changes in fair value measurements affect an entity’s performance and cash flows. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU no. 2018-15, Intangibles, Goodwill, and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40):Customer's accounting for implementation costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Accordingly, the amendments require an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. The amendments also require the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes reasonably certain renewals. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

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Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant accounting policies

3.     Significant Accounting Policies

The information presented below supplements the Significant Accounting Policies information presented in our 2018 Form 10-K, including Revenue Recognition for the adoption of ASC 606, which became effective January 1, 2018. See our 2018 Form 10-K for a description of our significant accounting policies in effect prior to the adoption of the new accounting standard.

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of our material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily related to the provision of business and transaction processing services within each of our segments. We do not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Nature of Services

Our primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. Our promise to our customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. We allocate the variable fees to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which we have the contractual right to bill under the contract.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region and by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019						2018
		ITPS		HS		LLPS		ITPS		HS		LLPS
United States	$	250,908	$	61,343	$	17,842	$	269,939	$	58,632	$	22,598
Europe		66,678		—		—		35,283		—		—
Other		6,994		—		—		6,715		—		—
Total	$	324,580	$	61,343	$	17,842	$	311,937	$	58,632	$	22,598

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract assets and contract liabilities recognized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Accounts receivable, net	$	278,064	$	270,812
Deferred revenues		20,322		16,940
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		21,964		18,624
Customer deposits		28,410		34,235

Accounts receivable, net includes $43.1 million and $39.5 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. We have accrued the unbilled receivables for work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where we received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. We recognized revenue of $6.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2018.  

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. We recognized $2.2 million of amortization for these costs in the first three months of 2019 within depreciation and amortization expense. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or transition activities and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and transition/set-up costs. Examples of such capitalized costs include hourly labor and related fringe benefits and travel costs.Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, we recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. The majority of the amounts recorded as of December 31, 2018 were used to pay for postage with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, we assess the goods and services promised in our contracts and identify each distinct performance obligation. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of our business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we estimate our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. We also use the adjusted market approach whereby we estimate the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, we consider the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of our software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, we analyze, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable consideration. The nature of our contracts give rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. We do not anticipate significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

We include reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, we did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (1) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (2) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of our contracts. We have certain non-cancellable contracts where we receive a fixed monthly fee in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2019 in each of the future periods below:

Estimated Remaining Fixed Consideration for Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Remainder of 2019	$	29,108
2020		23,170
2021		14,412
2022		5,389
2023		1,785
2024 and thereafter		820
Total	$	74,684

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Leases

Leases

4.     Leases

The following table summarizes the impact of the changes made to the January 1, 2019 consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of the new accounting standard pertaining to leases. The prior periods have not been restated and have been reported under the accounting standard in effect for those periods.

	Balance at		Impact of		Balance at
	December 31,		Lease Standard		January 1,
	2018				2019
Total assets	$	1,639,782	$	102,651	$	1,742,433
Total current liabilities		432,722		25,304		458,026
Total long-term liabilities		1,820,788		79,703		1,900,491

The increase in total assets and total liabilities at March 31, 2019 from December 31, 2018 was primarily due to the impact from the adoption of the new accounting standard pertaining to lease arrangements. See Note 2 for additional information on the impact of the adoption of this standard.

The Company determines if a contract is, or contains, a lease at contract inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion in the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, current portion of finance lease obligations and finance lease obligations, net of current portion in the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In addition, ROU assets include initial direct costs incurred by the lessee as well as any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, and exclude lease incentives. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Leases with a term of one year or less are generally not included in ROU assets and liabilities.

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as follows:

	March 31,
	2019
Balance sheet location:
Operating Lease
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$	100,727
Current portion of operating lease obligations		27,368
Operating lease right-of-use liability, net of current portion		78,290
Finance Lease
Finance lease right-of-use asset, net (included in property, plant and equipment, net)		17,351
Current portion of finance lease obligations		15,961
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion		27,231

As of March 31, 2019, weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases and finance leases was 4.83 years and 3.49 years, respectively. The weighted-average discount rate for operating leases and finance leases was 9.80% and 7.85%, respectively.

The interest on financing lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.8 million. The amortization expense on finance lease right-of-use assets for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $3.4 million.

The following table summarizes maturities of finance and operating lease liabilities based on lease term as of March 31, 2019:

	Finance		Operating
	Leases		Leases
Remainder of 2019	$	15,199	$	20,636
2020		12,876		25,099
2021		10,119		20,194
2022		4,529		15,763
2023		3,062		11,671
2024 and thereafter		4,064		21,253
Total lease payments		49,849		114,616
Less: Imputed interest		6,657		8,958
Present value of lease liabilities	$	43,192	$	105,658

At December 31, 2018, the Company had the following future minimum payments due under non‐cancelable leases:

		Finance	Operating
		Leases	Leases
2019	$	20,080	$	38,057
2020		11,851		29,346
2021		9,018		22,239
2022		4,169		16,782
2023		2,244		12,302
2024 and thereafter		3,617		18,874
Total minimum lease payments	$	50,979	$	137,600
Less: imputed interest		6,743
Total net minimum lease payments		44,236
Less: Current portion of obligations under finance leases		17,498
Long-term portion of obligations under finance leases	$	26,738

Consolidated rental expense for all operating leases was $83.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Consolidated rental expense for all operating leases was $15.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. 

The following table summarizes the cash paid and related right-of-use operating finance or operating lease recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	-
Operating cash flows from operating leases	9,374
Financing cash flows from finance leases	5,077
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases	2,904
Finance leases	4,097

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Intangibles Assets and Goodwill

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Intangibles Assets and Goodwill

Intangibles Assets and Goodwill

5.     Intangibles Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:

	March 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying				Intangible
	Amount (a)		Amortization		Asset, net
Customer relationships	$	507,944	$	(203,822)	$	304,122
Developed technology		89,053		(86,651)		2,402
Trade names  (b)		9,400		(3,100)		6,300
Outsource contract costs		52,378		(30,414)		21,964
Internally developed software		39,000		(6,881)		32,119
Trademarks		23,378		(23,370)		8
Non compete agreements		1,350		(1,350)		—
Assembled workforce		4,473		(280)		4,193
Purchased software		26,749		(446)		26,303
Intangibles, net	$	753,725	$	(356,314)	$	397,411

	December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying				Intangible
	Amount (a)		Amortization		Asset, net
Customer relationships	$	507,905	$	(190,666)	$	317,239
Developed technology		89,053		(85,967)		3,086
Trade names  (b)		9,400		(3,100)		6,300
Outsource contract costs		46,342		(27,719)		18,623
Internally developed software		36,820		(6,278)		30,542
Trademarks		23,379		(23,370)		9
Non compete agreements		1,350		(1,350)		—
Assembled workforce		4,473		—		4,473
Purchased software		26,749		—		26,749
Intangibles, net	$	745,471	$	(338,450)	$	407,021

(a) Amounts include intangible assets acquired in business combinations. 

(b) The carrying amount of trade names for 2019 and 2018 is net of accumulated impairment losses of $43.1 million, of which $3.7 million was recognized in 2018.

Goodwill

Goodwill by reporting segment consists of the following:

										Currency
										Translation
	Goodwill			Additions			Reductions			Adjustments		Goodwill (a)
ITPS	$	566,215	$	5,580	(c)	$			$	(220)	$	571,575
HS		86,786										86,786
LLPS		94,324					(44,427)	(b)				49,897
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	747,325	$	5,580		$	(44,427)		$	(220)	$	708,258
ITPS		571,575								27		571,602
HS		86,786										86,786
LLPS		49,897										49,897
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	708,258	$	—		$	—		$	27	$	708,285

(a) The goodwill amount for all periods presented is net of accumulated impairment losses of $137.9 million.

(b) The reduction in goodwill is due to $44.4 million, including taxes, for impairment recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018.

(c) Addition to goodwill due to the acquisition of Asterion International Group (“Asterion” and, “Asterion Business Combination”) and immaterial acquisitions in the third and fourth quarters of 2018.

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Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities

Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities

6.     Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities

Senior Secured Notes

On July 12, 2017, the Company issued $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of 10.0% First Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2023 with an original issue discount (“OID”) of $22.5 million (the “Notes”).  The Notes are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 10.0% per year.  The Company pays interest on the Notes on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2018.  The Notes will mature on July 15, 2023.

Senior Credit Facilities

On July 12, 2017, the Company entered into a First Lien Credit Agreement with Royal Bank of Canada, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, Natixis, New York Branch and KKR Corporate Lending LLC (the “Credit Agreement”) providing Exela Intermediate LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, a (i) $350.0 million senior secured term loan maturing July 12, 2023 with an OID of $7.0 million, and (ii) a $100.0 million senior secured revolving facility maturing July 12, 2022, $30.0 million   of which is currently drawn. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding irrevocable letters of credit totaling approximately $21.0 million and $20.6 million, respectively, under the senior secured revolving facility.

The Credit Agreement provides for the following interest rates for borrowings under the senior secured term facility and senior secured revolving facility: at the Company’s option, either (1) an adjusted LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor in the case of term loans, or (2) a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured term facility is 7.5% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.5% with respect to base rate borrowings. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured revolving facility is 7.0% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.0% with respect to base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the senior secured revolving facility is subject to step-downs based on leverage ratios. The senior secured term loan is subject to amortization payments, commencing on the last day of the first full fiscal quarter of the Company following the closing date, of 0.6% of the aggregate principal amount for each of the first eight payments and 1.3% of the aggregate principal amount for payments thereafter, with any balance due at maturity.

Term Loan Repricing

On July 13, 2018, Exela successfully repriced the $343.4 million of term loans outstanding under its senior secured credit facilities (the “Repricing”). The Repricing was accomplished pursuant to a First Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among the Company’s subsidiaries Exela Intermediate Holdings LLC, Exela Intermediate, LLC, each “Subsidiary Loan Party” listed on the signature pages thereto, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and each of the lenders party thereto, whereby the Company borrowed $343.4 million of refinancing term loans (the “Repricing Term Loans”) to refinance the Company’s existing senior secured term loans.

In accordance with ASC 470 -- Debt -- Modifications and Extinguishments, as a result of certain lenders that participated in Exela's debt structure prior to the Term Loan Repricing and the Company's debt structure after the refinancing, it was determined that a portion of the refinancing of Exela's senior secured credit facilities would be accounted for as a debt modification, and the remaining would be accounted for as an extinguishment. The Company incurred $1.0 million in new debt issuance costs related to the refinancing, of which $1.0 million was expensed pursuant to modification accounting. The proportion of debt that was extinguished resulted in a write off of previously recognized debt issue costs of $0.1 million. Additionally, for the new lenders who exceeded the 10% test, less than $0.1 million was recorded as additional debt issue costs. All unamortized costs and discounts will be amortized over the life of the new term loan using the effective interest rate of the term loan.

The Repricing Term Loans will bear interest at a rate per annum of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.00% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.50% for LIBOR loans and 5.50% for base rate loans. The interest rates applicable to the Repricing Term Loans are 100 basis points lower than the interest rates applicable to the existing senior secured term loans that were incurred on July 12, 2017 pursuant to the Credit Agreement.  The Repricing Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the existing senior secured term loans.

Incremental Term Loan

On July 13, 2018, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “Incremental Term Loans”) under the First Amendment. The proceeds of the Incremental Term Loans may be used by the Company for general corporate purposes and to pay fees and expenses in connection with the First Amendment. The interest rates applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are the same as those for the Repricing Term Loans.

The Company may voluntarily repay the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans (collectively, the “Term Loans”) at any time, without prepayment premium or penalty, except in connection with a repricing event as described in the following sentence, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR rate loans.  Any refinancing of the Term Loans through the issuance of certain debt or any repricing amendment, in either case, that constitutes a “repricing event” applicable to the Term Loans resulting in a lower yield occurring at any time during the first six months after July 13, 2018 will be accompanied by a 1.00% prepayment premium or fee, as applicable.

Other than as described above, the terms, conditions and covenants applicable to the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans are consistent with the terms, conditions and covenants that were applicable to the Existing Term Loans under the Credit Agreement. The Repricing and issuance of the Incremental Term Loans resulted in a partial debt extinguishment, for which Exela recognized $1.1 million in debt extinguishment costs in the third quarter of 2018. See Note 15, Subsequent Events, for information on an additional incremental term loan under the Credit Agreement that occurred after March 31, 2019.

Long-Term Debt Outstanding 

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the following long-term debt instruments were outstanding:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Other (a)		28,334		25,321
First lien credit agreement (b)		335,104		335,896
Senior secured notes (c)		975,535		974,443
Revolver		30,000		—
Total debt		1,368,973		1,335,660
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		(32,821)		(29,237)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	1,336,152	$	1,306,423

(a) Other debt represents the Company’s outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware and software purchases along with loans entered into by subsidiaries of the Company.

(b) Net of unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of $7.9million and $23.3 million as of March 31, 2019 and $8.3 million and $24.5 million as of December 31, 2018.

(c) Net of unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs of $17.5 million and $7.0 million as of March 31, 2019 and $18.2 million and $7.3 million as of December 31, 2018.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

7.     Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating a tax provision for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $4.7 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company's ETR of (18.7%) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets on U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforward’s created by the provisions of the TCJA.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company’s ETR of (20.2%) differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0%, and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforward’s created by the provisions of the TCJA.

As of March 31, 2019, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions previously determined for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company's valuation allowances have increased by approximately $6.3 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 due largely to effects of TCJA relating to interest expense.

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Employee Benefit Plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

8.     Employee Benefit Plans

German Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in Germany provides pension benefits to certain retirees. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who started working for the Company prior to September 30, 1987 and have finished a qualifying period of at least 10 years. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. The German pension plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets.  

U.K. Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in the United Kingdom provides pension benefits to certain retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to October 2001. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan.

Norway Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in Norway provides pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to March 2018. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. 

Asterion Pension Plan

The Company acquired certain pension benefit obligations to eligible retirees and eligible dependents in 2018 pursuant to the Asterion Business Combination. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to July 2003. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. As there are no active employees for this plan there are no earned pension entitlements and actuarial assumptions are only measured when assumptions are changed.

Tax Effect on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 the Company recorded actuarial losses of $9.5 million and $9.3 million in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively, which is net of a deferred tax benefit of $2.1 million.

Pension Expense

The components of the net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Service cost	$	23	$	2
Interest cost		605		586
Expected return on plan assets		(626)		(719)
Amortization:
Amortization of prior service cost		26		(36)
Amortization of net (gain) loss		415		463
Net periodic benefit cost	$	443	$	296

Upon adopting ASU no. 2017-07 as described in Note 2, the Company now records pension interest cost within Interest expense, net. Expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net losses are recorded within Other income, net. Service cost is recorded within Cost of revenue.

Employer Contributions

The Company’s funding of employer contributions is based on governmental requirements and differs from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company made contributions of $0.8 million and $0.6 million to its pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company has funded the pension plans with the required contributions for 2019 based on current plan provisions.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

9.     Commitments and Contingencies

Appraisal Demand

On September 21, 2017, former stockholders of SourceHOV Holdings, Inc. (“SourceHOV”), who allege combined ownership of 10,304 shares of SourceHOV common stock, filed a petition for appraisal pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262 in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Manichaean Capital, LLC, et al. v. SourceHOV Holdings, Inc., C.A. No. 2017-0673-JRS (the "Appraisal Action"). The Appraisal Action arises out of the acquisition of SourceHOV and Novitex Holdings, Inc, by Quinpario in July 2017 (“Novitex Business Combination”), which gave rise to appraisal rights pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262. In the Appraisal Action, the petitioners seek, among other things, a determination of the fair value of their SourceHOV shares at the time of the Novitex Business Combination; an order that SourceHOV pay that value to the petitioners, together with interest at the statutory rate; and an award of costs, attorneys' fees, and other expenses.

On October 12, 2017, SourceHOV filed its answer to the petition and a verified list pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262(f). Trial is currently scheduled for June 2019. The parties and their experts have offered competing valuations of the SourceHOV shares as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination. The Court may determine a fair value that is above or below the values indicated by the parties and their experts. At this stage of the litigation, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of the Appraisal Action or estimate what the Court will determine the fair value of SourceHOV common stock to be as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination. Pursuant to the terms of the Novitex Business Combination Agreement, if such appraisal rights are perfected, a corresponding portion of shares of our Common Stock issued to Ex-Sigma 2 LLC, our principal stockholder, will be forfeited at such time as the PIPE Financing (as defined in the Consent, Waiver and Amendment dated June 15, 2017) is repaid. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the Appraisal Action.

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Fair Value Measurement

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurement

10.   Fair Value Measurement

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. Management estimates the fair values of the secured term loan and secured notes at approximately 99.6% and 101.8% respectively, of the respective principal balance outstanding as of March 31, 2019. The carrying value approximates the fair value for the long-term debt. Other debt represents the Company's outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware and software purchases along with loans entered into by subsidiaries of the Company and as such, the cost incurred would approximate fair value. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

The Company determined the fair value of its long-term debt using Level 2 inputs including the recent issue of the debt, the Company’s credit rating, and the current risk-free rate. The Company’s contingent liabilities related to prior acquisitions are re-measured each period and represent a Level 2 measurement as it is based on using an earn out method based on the agreement terms.

The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	Carrying		Fair		Fair Value Measurements
As of March 31, 2019	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Recurring and nonrecurring assets and liabilities:
Acquisition contingent liability	$	721	$	721	$	—	$	—	$	721
Long-term debt		1,336,152		1,377,941		—		1,377,941		—
Interest rate swap		2,160		2,160		—		2,160		—
Goodwill		708,285		708,285		—		—		708,285

	Carrying		Fair		Fair Value Measurements
As of December 31, 2018	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Recurring and nonrecurring assets and liabilities:
Acquisition contingent liability	$	721	$	721	$	—	$	—	$	721
Long-term debt		1,306,423		1,316,306		—		1,316,306		—
Interest rate swap		3,836		3,836		—		3,836		—
Goodwill		708,258		708,258		—		—		708,258

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of the Company’s acquisition contingent liability are the discount rate, growth assumptions, and revenue thresholds. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the forecasted financial information would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. For all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Level 3 liabilities, a change in one of the inputs would not necessarily result in a directionally similar change in the other based on the current level of billings.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 for which a reconciliation is required:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Balance as of January 1,	$	721	$	721
Payments/Reductions		—		—
Balance as of March 31,	$	721	$	721

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Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

11.Stock-Based Compensation

At closing of the Novitex Business Combination, SourceHOV had 24,535 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) outstanding under its 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan ("2013 Plan"). Simultaneous with the closing of the Novitex Business Combination, the 2013 Plan, as well as all vested and unvested RSUs under the 2013 Plan, were assumed by Ex-Sigma, LLC (“ExSigma”), an entity formed by the former SourceHOV equity holders, which is also the Company's principal stockholder. In accordance with GAAP, the Company continues to incur compensation expense related to the 9,880 unvested RSUs as of July 12, 2017 on a straight-line basis until fully vested, as the recipients of the RSUs are employees of the Company. Subject to continuous employment and other terms of the 2013 Plan, all remaining unvested RSUs with an initial vesting period of three or four years will vest in April 2019. As of March 31, 2019 there are 2,675 nonvested shares related to the 2013 Plan with a weighted average remaining contractual life of .08 years and a weighted average aggregate intrinsic value per share of $1,633.

Exela 2018 Stock Incentive Plan

On January 17, 2018, Exela’s 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) became effective. The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance awards, and other stock-based compensation to eligible participants. Under the 2018 Plan, stock options are granted at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value per share of the underlying stock at the grant date. The vesting period for each option award is established on the grant date, and the options generally expire 10 years from the grant date. The Company is authorized to issue up to 8,323,764 shares of Common Stock under the 2018 Plan.

Restricted Stock Unit Grants

Restricted stock awards generally vest ratably over a one to two year period. Shares of restricted stock granted under the 2018 Plan are considered issued and outstanding at the date of grant and have the same voting rights as other outstanding common stock. Restricted stock units are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting and are expensed ratably over the vesting period. No awards were issued under the 2018 Plan as of March 31, 2018.

A summary of the status of restricted stock units related to the 2018 Plan as of March 31, 2019 is presented as follows:

				Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number	Average Grant		Contractual Life	Aggregate
	of Shares	Date Fair Value		(Years)	Intrinsic Value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	893,297		5.86	0.76		5,239
Shares granted	—			—		—
Shares forfeited	(48,000)		—	—		—
Shares vested	—		—	—		—
Balance as of March 31, 2019	845,297	$	6.12	0.55	$	4,952

Options

Options are granted at not less than fair market value on the date of grant and expire no later than ten years after the date of grant. Options granted under the 2018 Plan generally require no less than a two or four year ratable vesting period. There was no stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Stock option activity in the first three months of 2019 is summarized in the following table:

		Weighted		Average Remaining
		Average		Vesting Period	Aggregate
	Outstanding	Exercise Price		(Years)	Intrinsic Value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	3,570,300	$	6.06	2.92		9,590
Granted	—		—	—		—
Exercised	—		—	—		—
Forfeited	(192,000)		—	—		—
Expired	—		—	—		—
Balance as of March 31, 2019	3,378,300	$	6.07	2.71	$	9,074

As of March 31, 2019, there was approximately $10.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested awards for the 2013 Plan and 2018 Plan, which will be recognized over the respective service period.

Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within Selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company incurred total compensation expense of $1.0 million and $1.8 related to the 2013 Plan and 2018 Plan awards, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Stockholders’ Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

12.   Stockholders’ Equity

The following description summarizes the material terms and provisions of the securities that the Company has authorized.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 1,600,000,000 shares of Common Stock.  Except as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred stock, the holders of Common Stock possess all voting power for the election of Exela's directors and all other matters requiring stockholder action and will at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of Exela stockholders. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders.  Holders of Common Stock will be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors in its discretion out of funds legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and distributions. The holders of the Common Stock have no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to the Common Stock. In January 2018, 1,625,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 1,987,767 shares of Common Stock. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were 152,692,140 shares of Common Stock issued and 150,142,955 shares outstanding.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 4,569,233 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. The par value of Series A Preferred Stock is $0.0001 per share. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock will be convertible at the holder's option, at any time after the six-month anniversary and prior to the third anniversary of the issue date, initially into 1.2226 shares of Common Stock.

Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive cumulative dividends at a rate per annum of 10% of the Liquidation Preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock, paid or accrued quarterly in arrears. From the issue date until the third anniversary of the issue date, the amount of all accrued but unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock will be added to the Liquidation Preference without any action by the Company’s board of directors. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 this amount was $0.9 million as reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The cumulative accrued but unpaid dividends of the Series A Preferred Stock since their inception on July 12, 2017 is $7.1 million. The per share average of cumulative preferred dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is 0.2 dollars.

Following the third anniversary of the issue date, dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock will be accrued by adding to the Liquidation Preference or paid in cash, or a combination thereof. In addition, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will participate in any dividend or distribution of cash or other property paid in respect of the Common Stock pro rata with the holders of the Common Stock (other than certain dividends or distributions that trigger an adjustment to the conversion rate, as described in the Certificate of Designations), as if all shares of Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock immediately prior to the date on which such holders of the Common Stock became entitled to such dividend or distribution.

Treasury Stock

On November 8, 2017, the Company's board of directors authorized a share buyback program (the "Share Buyback Program"), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of its Common Stock. Share repurchases may be executed through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The decision as to whether to purchase any shares and the timing of purchases, if any, will be based on the price of the Company's Common Stock, general business and market conditions and other investment considerations and factors. The Share Buyback Program does not obligate the Company to purchase any shares and expires in 24 months. The Share Buyback Program may be terminated or amended by the Company's board of directors in its discretion at any time. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. As of March 31, 2019, 2,549,185 shares had been repurchased under the Share Buyback Program and are held in treasury stock. The Company records treasury stock using the cost method.

Warrants

At March 31, 2019 there were 34,988,302 warrants outstanding. As part of its IPO, Quinpario had issued 35,000,000 units including one share of common stock and one warrant of which 34,988,302 have been separated from the original unit and 11,698 warrants remain an unseparated part of the originally issued units. The warrants are traded on the OTC Bulletin Board as of March 31, 2019.  

Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one-half of one share of Common Stock at a price of $5.75 per half share ($11.50 per whole share). Warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares of Common Stock. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the warrants. Each warrant is currently exercisable and will expire July 12, 2022 (five years after the completion of the Novitex Business Combination), or earlier upon redemption.

The Company may call the warrants for redemption at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if, and only if, the last sales price of shares of Common Stock equals or exceeds $24.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period (the “30-day trading period”) ending three business days before we send the notice of redemption, and if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying such warrants commencing five business days prior to the 30-day trading period and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.

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Related-Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Related-Party Transactions

Related-Party Transactions

13.   Related-Party Transactions

Leasing Transactions

Certain operating companies lease their operating facilities from HOV RE, LLC and HOV Services Limited, which are affiliates through common interest held by Ex-Sigma 2 LLC, our largest stockholder. The rental expense for these operating leases was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Consulting Agreement

The Company receives services from Oakana Holdings, Inc. The Company and Oakana Holdings, Inc. are related through a family relationship between certain shareholders and the president of Oakana Holdings, Inc. The expense recognized for these services was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Company received consulting services from Shadow Pond, LLC. Shadow Pond, LLC is wholly owned and controlled by Vik Negi, our Executive Vice President Treasury and Business Affairs. The consulting arrangement was established to compensate Mr. Negi for his services to the Company prior to becoming an employee. The expense recognized for these services was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This consulting arrangement with Shadow Pond, LLC terminated on April 1, 2018 and Mr. Negi continues to provide services as an employee of the Company. As such, there were no additional expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Relationship with HandsOn Global Management

Pursuant to a master agreement dated January 1, 2015 between Rule 14, LLC and SourceHOV, the Company incurs marketing fees to Rule 14, LLC, a portfolio company of HOVS LLC and HandsOn Fund 4 I, LLC (“HGM”). Similarly, SourceHOV is party to ten master agreements with entities affiliated with HGM's managed funds, each of which were entered into during 2015 and 2016. Each master agreement provides SourceHOV with free use of technology and includes a reseller arrangement pursuant to which SourceHOV is entitled to sell these services to third parties. Any revenue earned by SourceHOV in such third-party sale is shared 75%/25% with each of HGM's venture affiliates in favor of SourceHOV. The brands Zuma, Athena, Peri, BancMate, Spring, Jet, Teletype, CourtQ and Rewardio are part of the HGM managed funds. SourceHOV has the license to use and resell such brands, as described therein. We incurred fees relating to these agreements of less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Relationship with HOV Services, Ltd.

HOV Services, Ltd. provides the Company data capture and technology services. HOV Services, Ltd is an indirect equity holder of Ex-Sigma LLC. The expense recognized for these services was $0.4 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These expenses are included in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.

Relationship with Apollo Global Management, LLC

The Company provides services to and receives services from certain Apollo Global Management, LLC (“Apollo”) affiliated companies. Funds managed by Apollo have the right to designate two of the Company’s directors. On November 18, 2014, the Company's subsidiary, Exela Enterprises Solutions, Inc. (“Solutions”), entered into a master services agreement with Management Holdings, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Solutions provides Management Holdings printer supplies and maintenance services, including toner maintenance, training, quarterly business review and printer procurement. We recognized revenue of $0.1 million and $0.1 million in our consolidated statements of operations from Apollo affiliated companies under this agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

On January 18, 2017, Solutions entered into a master purchase and professional services agreement with Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC ("Caesars"). Caesars is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master purchase and professional services agreement, Solutions provides managed print services to Caesars, including general equipment operation, supply management, support services and technical support. We recognized revenue of approximately $1.1 million and $1.0 million in our consolidated statements of operations from Caesars under this master purchase and professional services agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  

On May 5, 2017, Solutions entered into a master services agreement with ADT LLC. ADT LLC is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Solutions provides ADT LLC with mailroom and onsite mail delivery services at an ADT LLC office location and managed print services, including supply management, equipment maintenance and technical support services. We recognized revenue of $0.3 million and $0.1 million in our consolidated statements of operations from ADT LLC under this master services agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

On July 20, 2017, Solutions entered into a master services agreement with Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company. Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Solutions provides commercial print and promotional product procurement services to Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company, including sourcing, inventory management and fulfillment services. The Company recognized revenue of $1.7 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and cost of revenue of $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 respectively, from Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company under this master services agreement. 

In April 2016, Solutions entered into a master services agreement with Presidio Networked Solutions Group, LLC ("Presidio Group"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Presidio, Inc., a portion of which is owned by affiliates of Apollo and with a common Apollo designated director. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Presidio Group provides Solutions with employees, subcontractors, and/or goods and services. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 there were related party expenses of $0.2 million and $0.1 million,  respectively, for this service. 

Payable Balances with Affiliates

Payable balances with affiliates as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	Payable		Payable
HOV Services, Ltd	$	367	$	405
Rule 14		110		127
HGM		5,450		6,998
Apollo affiliated company		241		205
Oakana		16		—
	$	6,184	$	7,735

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Segment Information

Segment Information

14. Segment and Geographic Area Information

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approach the markets and interacts with its clients. The Company is organized into three segments: ITPS, HS, and LLPS.

ITPS: The ITPS segment provides a wide range of solutions and services designed to aid businesses in information capture, processing, decisioning and distribution to customers primarily in the financial services, commercial, public sector and legal industries.

HS: The HS segment operates and maintains a consulting and outsourcing business specializing in both the healthcare provider and payer markets.

LLPS: The LLPS segment provides a broad and active array of legal services in connection with class action, bankruptcy labor, claims adjudication and employment and other legal matters.

The chief operating decision maker reviews operating segment revenue and cost of revenue. The Company does not allocate Selling, general, and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense and sundry, net. The Company manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment, and therefore asset information and capital expenditures by operating segments are not presented.

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	ITPS	HS	LLPS	Total
Revenue	324,580	61,343	17,842		403,765
Cost of revenue	257,388	38,506	10,988		306,882
Selling, general and administrative expenses					49,949
Depreciation and amortization					28,020
Related party expense					994
Interest expense, net					38,899
Sundry expense (income), net					2,531
Other income, net					1,677
Net loss before income taxes				$	(25,187)

	Three months ended March 31, 2018
	ITPS	HS	LLPS	Total
Revenue	311,937	58,632	22,598		393,167
Cost of revenue	245,173	34,956	13,663		293,792
Selling, general and administrative expenses					45,595
Depreciation and amortization					38,019
Related party expense					1,105
Interest expense, net					38,017
Sundry expense, net					(64)
Other income, net					(3,328)
Net loss before income taxes				$	(19,969)

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Subsequent Events.

Subsequent Events

15. Subsequent Events

2019 Incremental Term Loan

On April 16, 2019, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “2019 Incremental Term Loans”) under the Second Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”). The proceeds of the 2019 Incremental Term Loans were used to replace the cash spent for acquisitions, pay related fees, expenses and related borrowings and may also be used for general corporate purposes.

The 2019 Incremental Term Loans will bear interest at a rate per annum that is the same as the Company’s existing senior secured term loans consisting of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.00% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.50% for LIBOR loans and 5.50% for base rate loans. The 2019 Incremental Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans.

The Company may voluntarily repay the 2019 Incremental Term Loans at any time, without prepayment premium or penalty, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR rate loans.

Other than as described above, the terms, conditions and covenants applicable to the 2019 Incremental Term Loans are consistent with the terms, conditions and covenants that were applicable to the Repricing Term Loans and Incremental Term Loans under the Credit Agreement and which are described in the registrant’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 18, 2017 and July 17, 2018.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of our material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily related to the provision of business and transaction processing services within each of our segments. We do not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Nature of Services

Our primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. Our promise to our customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. We allocate the variable fees to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which we have the contractual right to bill under the contract.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region and by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019						2018
		ITPS		HS		LLPS		ITPS		HS		LLPS
United States	$	250,908	$	61,343	$	17,842	$	269,939	$	58,632	$	22,598
Europe		66,678		—		—		35,283		—		—
Other		6,994		—		—		6,715		—		—
Total	$	324,580	$	61,343	$	17,842	$	311,937	$	58,632	$	22,598

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract assets and contract liabilities recognized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Accounts receivable, net	$	278,064	$	270,812
Deferred revenues		20,322		16,940
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		21,964		18,624
Customer deposits		28,410		34,235

Accounts receivable, net includes $43.1 million and $39.5 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. We have accrued the unbilled receivables for work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where we received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. We recognized revenue of $6.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2018.  

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. We recognized $2.2 million of amortization for these costs in the first three months of 2019 within depreciation and amortization expense. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or transition activities and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and transition/set-up costs. Examples of such capitalized costs include hourly labor and related fringe benefits and travel costs.Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, we recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. The majority of the amounts recorded as of December 31, 2018 were used to pay for postage with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, we assess the goods and services promised in our contracts and identify each distinct performance obligation. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of our business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we estimate our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. We also use the adjusted market approach whereby we estimate the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, we consider the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of our software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, we analyze, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable consideration. The nature of our contracts give rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. We do not anticipate significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

We include reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, we did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (1) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (2) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of our contracts. We have certain non-cancellable contracts where we receive a fixed monthly fee in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2019 in each of the future periods below:

Estimated Remaining Fixed Consideration for Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Remainder of 2019	$	29,108
2020		23,170
2021		14,412
2022		5,389
2023		1,785
2024 and thereafter		820
Total	$	74,684

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General (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Description of the Business

Schedule of components of basic and diluted EPS

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(30,821)	$	(24,908)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (B)		150,142,955		152,140,117
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted (A/B)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.16)

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of disaggregates revenue from contracts by geographic region and by segment

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019						2018
		ITPS		HS		LLPS		ITPS		HS		LLPS
United States	$	250,908	$	61,343	$	17,842	$	269,939	$	58,632	$	22,598
Europe		66,678		—		—		35,283		—		—
Other		6,994		—		—		6,715		—		—
Total	$	324,580	$	61,343	$	17,842	$	311,937	$	58,632	$	22,598

Schedule of contract balances

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Accounts receivable, net	$	278,064	$	270,812
Deferred revenues		20,322		16,940
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		21,964		18,624
Customer deposits		28,410		34,235

Schedule of estimated remaining fixed consideration for unsatisfied performance obligations

Estimated Remaining Fixed Consideration for Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Remainder of 2019	$	29,108
2020		23,170
2021		14,412
2022		5,389
2023		1,785
2024 and thereafter		820
Total	$	74,684

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]

Schedule of balance sheet location

	March 31,
	2019
Balance sheet location:
Operating Lease
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$	100,727
Current portion of operating lease obligations		27,368
Operating lease right-of-use liability, net of current portion		78,290
Finance Lease
Finance lease right-of-use asset, net (included in property, plant and equipment, net)		17,351
Current portion of finance lease obligations		15,961
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion		27,231

Schedule of maturities of operating lease liabilities

	Finance		Operating
	Leases		Leases
Remainder of 2019	$	15,199	$	20,636
2020		12,876		25,099
2021		10,119		20,194
2022		4,529		15,763
2023		3,062		11,671
2024 and thereafter		4,064		21,253
Total lease payments		49,849		114,616
Less: Imputed interest		6,657		8,958
Present value of lease liabilities	$	43,192	$	105,658

Schedule of future minimum payments due under non‐cancelable leases

		Finance	Operating
		Leases	Leases
2019	$	20,080	$	38,057
2020		11,851		29,346
2021		9,018		22,239
2022		4,169		16,782
2023		2,244		12,302
2024 and thereafter		3,617		18,874
Total minimum lease payments	$	50,979	$	137,600
Less: imputed interest		6,743
Total net minimum lease payments		44,236
Less: Current portion of obligations under finance leases		17,498
Long-term portion of obligations under finance leases	$	26,738

Schedule of cash paid and lease recognition

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	-
Operating cash flows from operating leases	9,374
Financing cash flows from finance leases	5,077
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases	2,904
Finance leases	4,097

ASU 2016-02

Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]

Schedule of new accounting standard adoption

	Balance at		Impact of		Balance at
	December 31,		Lease Standard		January 1,
	2018				2019
Total assets	$	1,639,782	$	102,651	$	1,742,433
Total current liabilities		432,722		25,304		458,026
Total long-term liabilities		1,820,788		79,703		1,900,491

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Intangibles Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Intangibles Assets and Goodwill

Schedule of intangible assets

	March 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying				Intangible
	Amount (a)		Amortization		Asset, net
Customer relationships	$	507,944	$	(203,822)	$	304,122
Developed technology		89,053		(86,651)		2,402
Trade names  (b)		9,400		(3,100)		6,300
Outsource contract costs		52,378		(30,414)		21,964
Internally developed software		39,000		(6,881)		32,119
Trademarks		23,378		(23,370)		8
Non compete agreements		1,350		(1,350)		—
Assembled workforce		4,473		(280)		4,193
Purchased software		26,749		(446)		26,303
Intangibles, net	$	753,725	$	(356,314)	$	397,411

	December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying				Intangible
	Amount (a)		Amortization		Asset, net
Customer relationships	$	507,905	$	(190,666)	$	317,239
Developed technology		89,053		(85,967)		3,086
Trade names  (b)		9,400		(3,100)		6,300
Outsource contract costs		46,342		(27,719)		18,623
Internally developed software		36,820		(6,278)		30,542
Trademarks		23,379		(23,370)		9
Non compete agreements		1,350		(1,350)		—
Assembled workforce		4,473		—		4,473
Purchased software		26,749		—		26,749
Intangibles, net	$	745,471	$	(338,450)	$	407,021

(a) Amounts include intangible assets acquired in business combinations. 

(b) The carrying amount of trade names for 2019 and 2018 is net of accumulated impairment losses of $43.1 million, of which $3.7 million was recognized in 2018.

Schedule of goodwill by reporting segment

										Currency
										Translation
	Goodwill			Additions			Reductions			Adjustments		Goodwill (a)
ITPS	$	566,215	$	5,580	(c)	$			$	(220)	$	571,575
HS		86,786										86,786
LLPS		94,324					(44,427)	(b)				49,897
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	747,325	$	5,580		$	(44,427)		$	(220)	$	708,258
ITPS		571,575								27		571,602
HS		86,786										86,786
LLPS		49,897										49,897
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	708,258	$	—		$	—		$	27	$	708,285

(a) The goodwill amount for all periods presented is net of accumulated impairment losses of $137.9 million.

(b) The reduction in goodwill is due to $44.4 million, including taxes, for impairment recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018.

(c) Addition to goodwill due to the acquisition of Asterion International Group (“Asterion” and, “Asterion Business Combination”) and immaterial acquisitions in the third and fourth quarters of 2018.

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Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities

Schedule of outstanding long-term debt instruments

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Other (a)		28,334		25,321
First lien credit agreement (b)		335,104		335,896
Senior secured notes (c)		975,535		974,443
Revolver		30,000		—
Total debt		1,368,973		1,335,660
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		(32,821)		(29,237)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	1,336,152	$	1,306,423

(a) Other debt represents the Company’s outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware and software purchases along with loans entered into by subsidiaries of the Company.

(b) Net of unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of $7.9million and $23.3 million as of March 31, 2019 and $8.3 million and $24.5 million as of December 31, 2018.

(c) Net of unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs of $17.5 million and $7.0 million as of March 31, 2019 and $18.2 million and $7.3 million as of December 31, 2018.

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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Employee Benefit Plans

Schedule of components of the net periodic benefit cost

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Service cost	$	23	$	2
Interest cost		605		586
Expected return on plan assets		(626)		(719)
Amortization:
Amortization of prior service cost		26		(36)
Amortization of net (gain) loss		415		463
Net periodic benefit cost	$	443	$	296

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Fair Value Measurement

Schedule of fair value of financial instruments

	Carrying		Fair		Fair Value Measurements
As of March 31, 2019	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Recurring and nonrecurring assets and liabilities:
Acquisition contingent liability	$	721	$	721	$	—	$	—	$	721
Long-term debt		1,336,152		1,377,941		—		1,377,941		—
Interest rate swap		2,160		2,160		—		2,160		—
Goodwill		708,285		708,285		—		—		708,285

	Carrying		Fair		Fair Value Measurements
As of December 31, 2018	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Recurring and nonrecurring assets and liabilities:
Acquisition contingent liability	$	721	$	721	$	—	$	—	$	721
Long-term debt		1,306,423		1,316,306		—		1,316,306		—
Interest rate swap		3,836		3,836		—		3,836		—
Goodwill		708,258		708,258		—		—		708,258

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Stock-Based Compensation

Summary of the status of restricted stock units

				Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number	Average Grant		Contractual Life	Aggregate
	of Shares	Date Fair Value		(Years)	Intrinsic Value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	893,297		5.86	0.76		5,239
Shares granted	—			—		—
Shares forfeited	(48,000)		—	—		—
Shares vested	—		—	—		—
Balance as of March 31, 2019	845,297	$	6.12	0.55	$	4,952

Schedule of stock option activity

		Weighted		Average Remaining
		Average		Vesting Period	Aggregate
	Outstanding	Exercise Price		(Years)	Intrinsic Value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	3,570,300	$	6.06	2.92		9,590
Granted	—		—	—		—
Exercised	—		—	—		—
Forfeited	(192,000)		—	—		—
Expired	—		—	—		—
Balance as of March 31, 2019	3,378,300	$	6.07	2.71	$	9,074

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Related-Party Transactions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Related-Party Transactions

Schedule of payable balances with affiliates

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	Payable		Payable
HOV Services, Ltd	$	367	$	405
Rule 14		110		127
HGM		5,450		6,998
Apollo affiliated company		241		205
Oakana		16		—
	$	6,184	$	7,735

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Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Segment Information

Schedule of revenue by segment information

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
	ITPS	HS	LLPS	Total
Revenue	324,580	61,343	17,842		403,765
Cost of revenue	257,388	38,506	10,988		306,882
Selling, general and administrative expenses					49,949
Depreciation and amortization					28,020
Related party expense					994
Interest expense, net					38,899
Sundry expense (income), net					2,531
Other income, net					1,677
Net loss before income taxes				$	(25,187)

	Three months ended March 31, 2018
	ITPS	HS	LLPS	Total
Revenue	311,937	58,632	22,598		393,167
Cost of revenue	245,173	34,956	13,663		293,792
Selling, general and administrative expenses					45,595
Depreciation and amortization					38,019
Related party expense					1,105
Interest expense, net					38,017
Sundry expense, net					(64)
Other income, net					(3,328)
Net loss before income taxes				$	(19,969)

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General (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 segment
Description of the Business
Number of segments	3

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General - Net loss per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Jul. 12, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Net loss per share
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		$ (30,821)	$ (24,908)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted		150,142,955	152,140,117
Loss per share - Basic and diluted		$ (0.21)	$ (0.16)
Series A Preferred Stock
Net loss per share
Number of anti-dilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted loss per share		5,586,344
Warrants
Net loss per share
Number of anti-dilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted loss per share	35,000,000

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New Accounting Pronouncements - Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements (Details)	Jan. 01, 2019
ASU 2016-02
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Lease, Practical Expedients, Package [true false]	true

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Significant Accounting Policies - Disaggregation of Revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	$ 403,765	$ 393,167
ITPS
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	324,580	311,937
ITPS | United States
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	250,908	269,939
ITPS | Europe
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	66,678	35,283
ITPS | Other
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	6,994	6,715
HS
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	61,343	58,632
HS | United States
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	61,343	58,632
LLPS
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	17,842	22,598
LLPS | United States
Disaggregation of Revenues
Revenue	$ 17,842	$ 22,598

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Significant Accounting Policies - Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Significant Accounting Policies
Accounts receivable, net	$ 278,064	$ 270,812
Deferred revenues	20,322	16,940
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract	21,964	18,624
Customer deposits	28,410	34,235
Unbilled receivables, net	43,100	$ 39,500
Revenue recognized from deferred revenue	6,400
Amortization of contract costs	$ 2,200
Practical expedient on incremental costs of obtaining contracts	true

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Significant Accounting Policies - Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies
Contracts with an original expected length	true
Remainder of 2019	$ 29,108
2020	23,170
2021	14,412
2022	5,389
2023	1,785
2024 and thereafter	820
Total	$ 74,684

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Leases - Restated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 1,702,889	$ 1,742,433	$ 1,639,782
Total current liabilities	417,622	458,026	432,722
Total long-term liabilities	$ 1,907,153	1,900,491	$ 1,820,788
ASU 2016-02 | Adjustment
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total assets		102,651
Total current liabilities		25,304
Total long-term liabilities		$ 79,703

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Leases - Option to Extend or Terminate (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Leases
Options to extend - operating lease	true
Options to extend - finance lease	true
Options to terminate - operating lease	true
Options to terminate - finance lease	true

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Leases - Balance Sheet Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Leases
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$ 100,727
Current portion of operating lease obligations	27,368
Operating lease right-of-use liability, net of current portion	78,290
Finance Lease
Finance lease right-of-use asset, net	$ 17,351
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us_gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipment
Current portion of finance lease obligations	$ 15,961	$ 17,498
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion	$ 27,231	$ 26,738

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Leases - Other Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Leases
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	4 years 9 months 29 days
Weighted-average remaining lease term of finance leases	3 years 5 months 27 days
Weighted-average discount rate for operating leases	9.80%
Weighted-average discount rate for finance leases	7.85%
Interest on financing lease liabilities	$ 0.8
Amortization expense on finance lease right-of-use assets	$ 3.4

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Leases - Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities - ASC 842 (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Maturities of operating lease liabilities:
Remainder of 2019	$ 20,636
2020	25,099
2021	20,194
2022	15,763
2023	11,671
Thereafter	21,253
Total operating lease payments	114,616
Less: Imputed interest	8,958
Present value of lease liabilities	105,658
Maturities of finance lease liabilities
Remainder of 2019	15,199
2020	12,876
2021	10,119
2022	4,529
2023	3,062
2024 and thereafter	4,064
Total finance lease payments	49,849
Less: imputed interest	6,657
Present value of finance lease liabilities	$ 43,192

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Leases - Future Minimum Payments Due Under Non‐Cancelable Leases - ASC 840 (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Future minimum payments due under Operating Leases:
2019	$ 38,057
2020	29,346
2021	22,239
2022	16,782
2023	12,302
Thereafter	18,874
Future minimum payments due under Finance Leases
2019	20,080
2020	11,851
2021	9,018
2022	4,169
2023	2,244
2024 and thereafter	3,617
Total minimum lease payments	50,979
Less: imputed interest	6,743
Total net minimum lease payments	44,236
Less: Current portion of obligations under finance leases	17,498
Long-term portion of obligations under finance leases	$ 26,738

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Leases - Rental Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Rental expenses - ASC 840
Rental expenses		$ 83.8
Rental expenses - ASC 842
Rental expenses	$ 15.1

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Leases - Cash Paid and Lease Recognition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 9,374
Financing cash flows from finance leases	5,077	$ 4,803
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases	2,904
Finance leases	$ 4,097

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Intangibles Assets and Goodwill - Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 745,471	$ 753,725
Amortization	(338,450)	(356,314)
Intangible Asset, net	407,021	397,411
Customer relationships
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	507,905	507,944
Amortization	(190,666)	(203,822)
Intangible Asset, net	317,239	304,122
Developed technology
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	89,053	89,053
Amortization	(85,967)	(86,651)
Intangible Asset, net	3,086	2,402
Trade names
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	9,400	9,400
Amortization	(3,100)	(3,100)
Intangible Asset, net	6,300	6,300
Outsource contract costs
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	46,342	52,378
Amortization	(27,719)	(30,414)
Intangible Asset, net	18,623	21,964
Internally developed software-Connect Platform
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	36,820	39,000
Amortization	(6,278)	(6,881)
Intangible Asset, net	30,542	32,119
Trademarks
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	23,379	23,378
Amortization	(23,370)	(23,370)
Intangible Asset, net	9	8
Impairment charge	3,700
Accumulated impairment losses		43,100	$ 43,100
Non compete agreements
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	1,350	1,350
Amortization	(1,350)	(1,350)
Assembled workforce
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	4,473	4,473
Amortization		(280)
Intangible Asset, net	4,473	4,193
Purchased software
Intangibles
Gross Carrying Amount	26,749	26,749
Amortization		(446)
Intangible Asset, net	$ 26,749	$ 26,303

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Intangibles Assets and Goodwill - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning of the period	$ 708,258		$ 747,325
Additions			5,580
Reductions		$ 44,400	44,427
Currency translation adjustments	27		(220)
Goodwill, end of the period	708,285	708,258	708,258
Accumulated impairment losses	137,900
ITPS
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning of the period	571,575		566,215
Additions			5,580
Currency translation adjustments	27		(220)
Goodwill, end of the period	571,602	571,575	571,575
HS
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning of the period	86,786		86,786
Goodwill, end of the period	86,786	86,786	86,786
LLPS
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning of the period	49,897		94,324
Reductions			44,427
Goodwill, end of the period	$ 49,897	$ 49,897	$ 49,897

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Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities - Senior Secured Notes (Details) - Senior secured notes $ in Billions	Jul. 12, 2017 USD ($)
Debt instruments
Debt instrument face amount	$ 1.0
Interest rate (in percent)	10.00%

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Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities - Senior Credit Facilities (Details) - First lien credit agreement - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jul. 12, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt instruments
Original issue discount		$ 7.9	$ 8.3
Senior secured term loan
Debt instruments
Debt instrument face amount	$ 350.0
Original issue discount	$ 7.0
Principal percentage of each of first eight payments (as a percent)	0.60%
Principal percentage of each payment thereafter (as a percent)	1.30%
Senior secured revolving facility
Debt instruments
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 100.0
Outstanding credit facility		$ 21.0	$ 20.6
LIBOR | Senior secured term loan
Debt instruments
Applicable margin rate	7.50%
Floor interest rate	1.00%
LIBOR | Senior secured revolving facility
Debt instruments
Applicable margin rate	7.00%
Base rate | Senior secured term loan
Debt instruments
Applicable margin rate	6.50%
Base rate | Senior secured revolving facility
Debt instruments
Applicable margin rate	6.00%

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Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities - Term Loan Repricing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 13, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt instruments
Outstanding amount of term loans		$ 1,368,973	$ 1,335,660
First Amendment
Debt instruments
Proceeds from refinancing term loans	$ 343,400
Reduction in interest rate (in percentage)	1.00%
First Amendment | Eurodollar
Debt instruments
Floor interest rate	1.00%
First Amendment | Federal funds rate
Debt instruments
Variable interest rate (as a percent)	0.50%
First Amendment | LIBOR
Debt instruments
Variable interest rate (as a percent)	6.50%
First Amendment | One-month adjusted LIBOR
Debt instruments
Variable interest rate (as a percent)	1.00%
First Amendment | Base rate
Debt instruments
Variable interest rate (as a percent)	5.50%
Senior secured revolving facility
Debt instruments
Outstanding amount of term loans	$ 343,400
Senior secured revolving facility | First Amendment
Debt instruments
Debt issuance costs	1,000
Amortization expense of debt issuance costs	1,000
Write off of previously recognized debt issuance costs	100
Maximum debt issuance costs for new lenders exceeded 10% test	$ 100

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Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities - Incremental Term Loan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Jul. 13, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Incremental Term Loan
Debt instruments
Proceeds from refinancing term loans	$ 30.0
Percent of prepayment premium or fee	1.00%
Repricing and incremental of term loan
Debt instruments
Debt extinguishment costs		$ 1.1

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Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities - Long-Term Debt Outstanding (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jul. 13, 2018	Jul. 12, 2017
Debt instruments
Total debt	$ 1,368,973	$ 1,335,660
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	(32,821)	(29,237)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	1,336,152	1,306,423
Senior secured revolving facility
Debt instruments
Total debt			$ 343,400
Senior secured notes
Debt instruments
Total debt	975,535	974,443
Debt discount				$ 22,500
Other
Debt instruments
Total debt	28,334	25,321
First lien credit agreement
Debt instruments
Total debt	335,104	335,896
Debt discount	7,900	8,300
Unamortized debt issuance costs	23,300	24,500
Senior secured notes
Debt instruments
Debt discount	17,500	18,200
Unamortized debt issuance costs	7,000	$ 7,300
Revolver
Debt instruments
Total debt	$ 30,000

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Income Taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit	$ (4,720)	$ (4,025)
Actual effective tax rate	(18.70%)	(20.20%)
Statutory tax rate	21.00%	21.00%
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance	$ 6,300

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Employee Benefit Plans - Germany & UK (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
German Pension Plan | Unfunded Plan
Pension plans
Plan assets	$ 0.0
German Pension Plan | Unfunded Plan | Minimum
Pension plans
Qualifying period	10 years
U.K. Pension Plan | Minimum
Pension plans
Minimum required years prior to retirement for eligibility	3 years
Asterion Pension Plan | Minimum
Pension plans
Minimum required years prior to retirement for eligibility	3 years
Norway Pension Plan | Minimum
Pension plans
Minimum required years prior to retirement for eligibility	3 years

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Employee Benefit Plans - Tax Effect on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Expected to be Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Net actuarial loss	$ (9.5)	$ (9.3)
Deferred tax benefit	$ 2.1

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Employee Benefit Plans - Pension Expense (Details) - Pension [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$ 23	$ 2
Interest cost	605	586
Expected return on plan assets	(626)	(719)
Amortization of prior service cost	26	(36)
Amortization of net (gain) loss	415	463
Net periodic benefit cost	$ 443	$ 296

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Employee Benefit Plans - Employer Contributions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Employer Contributions
Employer contributions	$ 0.8	$ 0.6

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Fair Value Measurement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments
Goodwill	$ 708,285	$ 708,258	$ 747,325
Senior secured term loan
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value
Fair value percentage	99.60%
Senior secured notes
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value
Fair value percentage	101.80%
Level 3
Reconciliation of net assets and liabilities
Balance at end of period	$ 721	721	$ 721
Carrying Amount
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments
Acquisition contingent liability	721	721
Long-term debt	1,336,152	1,306,423
Interest rate swap	2,160	3,836
Goodwill	708,285	708,258
Fair Value
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments
Acquisition contingent liability	721	721
Long-term debt	1,377,941	1,316,306
Interest rate swap	2,160	3,836
Goodwill	708,285	708,258
Fair Value | Level 2
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments
Long-term debt	1,377,941	1,316,306
Interest rate swap	2,160	3,836
Fair Value | Level 3
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments
Acquisition contingent liability	721	721
Goodwill	$ 708,285	$ 708,258

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Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - RSU's - 2013 Plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Jul. 12, 2017
Stock-based compensation
Unvested RSU's	2,675	9,880
Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)	29 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 1,633
Minimum
Stock-based compensation
Initial vesting period of remaining RSU's vesting in April 2019	3 years
Maximum
Stock-based compensation
Initial vesting period of remaining RSU's vesting in April 2019	4 years
SourceHOV
Stock-based compensation
Restricted stock units outstanding		24,535

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Incentive Plan (Details) - shares	Jan. 17, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Exela 2018 Stock Incentive Plan
Common stock shares authorized		1,600,000,000	1,600,000,000
2018 Plan
Exela 2018 Stock Incentive Plan
Common stock shares authorized	8,323,764
Stock options | 2018 Plan
Exela 2018 Stock Incentive Plan
Minimum fair market value per share of underlying stock used to determine option grant price, as a percent	100.00%
Expiration of stock options	10 years

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Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Unit Grants (Details) - RSU's - 2018 Plan - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Number of Shares
Balance at the beginning of the period (in shares)	893,297
Shares granted		0
Shares forfeited	(48,000)
Balance at the end of the period (in shares)	845,297		893,297
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 5.86
Balance at the end of the period	$ 6.12		$ 5.86
Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)	6 months 18 days		9 months 4 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate intrinsic value outstanding	$ 4,952		$ 5,239
Minimum
Stock-Based Compensation
Vesting period	1 year
Maximum
Stock-Based Compensation
Vesting period	2 years

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Stock-Based Compensation - Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
2013 Plan and 2018 Plan
Unrecognized compensation expense
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 10,300
2013 Plan | Selling, general and administrative expense
Unrecognized compensation expense
Total compensation expense	1,000
2018 Plan | Selling, general and administrative expense
Unrecognized compensation expense
Total compensation expense	$ 1,800
Stock options | 2018 Plan
Outstanding
Balance at beginning of period (in shares)	3,570,300
Granted (in shares)		0
Forfeited (in shares)	(192,000)
Balance at the end of period (in shares)	3,378,300		3,570,300
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance at the beginning of period	$ 6.06
Balance at the end of period (in shares)	$ 6.07		$ 6.06
Additional information
Average Remaining Vesting Period	2 years 8 months 16 days		2 years 11 months 1 day
Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 9,074		$ 9,590
Stock options | 2018 Plan | Minimum
Stock-based compensation
Vesting period		2 years
Stock options | 2018 Plan | Maximum
Stock-based compensation
Vesting period		4 years
RSU's | 2018 Plan | Minimum
Stock-based compensation
Vesting period	1 year
RSU's | 2018 Plan | Maximum
Stock-based compensation
Vesting period	2 years

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Stockholders’ Equity - Common Stock (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2018 shares	Mar. 31, 2019 Vote shares	Mar. 31, 2018 shares	Dec. 31, 2018 shares
Common Stock
Common Stock, shares authorized		1,600,000,000		1,600,000,000
Common Stock, shares, outstanding		150,142,955		150,142,955
Common stock, shares issued		152,692,140		152,692,140
Number of voting rights entitled for each share of Common Stock held | Vote		1
Series A Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Preferred shares converted to common	1,625,000
Common Stock
Common Stock
Common Stock, shares, outstanding				150,142,955
Common stock, shares issued		152,692,140
Preferred shares converted to common	1,987,767		1,986,767

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Stockholders’ Equity - Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Jul. 12, 2017
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized	20,000,000		20,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	4,569,233		4,569,233
Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Conversion ratio to Common Stock	1.2226
Preferred Stock, cumulative dividends rate (in percentage)	10.00%
Cumulative dividends for Series A Preferred Stock	$ 914	$ 914
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	4,569,233
Cumulative accrued but unpaid dividends				$ 7,100
Cumulative preferred dividends (in dollars per share)	$ 0.2	$ 0.2

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Stockholders’ Equity - Treasury Stock (Details) - shares		3 Months Ended
	Nov. 08, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Stockholders’ Equity
Treasury stock, shares authorized	5,000,000
Term of share buyback program	24 months
Treasury stock, shares repurchased		0	0
Treasury shares		2,549,185		2,549,185

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Stockholders’ Equity - Warrants (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 item $ / shares shares
Warrants
Number of Common Stock each warrant may purchase	0.5
Exercise price of warrant per half of Common Stock | $ / shares	$ 5.75
Exercise price of warrant per one Common Stock (in US$ per share) | $ / shares	$ 11.50
Expiration of warrants from business acquisition date	5 years
Warrant redemption price (in US$ per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.01
Minimum written notice period of redemption	30 days
Minimum common stock sales price for exercise of redemption right (in US$ per share) | $ / shares	$ 24.00
Minimum trading days within 30-day period at $24 per share for exercise of redemption right | item	20
Trading day period for exercise of redemption right	30 days
Period of the 30-day period prior to notice of redemption	3 days
Period of current registration effectivity prior to 30-day trading period	5 days
Warrants
Warrants
Warrants outstanding	34,988,302
Number of warrants separated from the original unit	34,988,302
Number of warrants not separated from the original unit	11,698
Warrants | IPO
Warrants
Units issued	35,000,000
Common stock included in units	1
Warrants included in units	1

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Related-Party Transactions - Leasing Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Related-Party Transactions
Rental expense on operating leases	$ 15.1
Affiliate of largest stockholder
Related-Party Transactions
Rental expense on operating leases	$ 0.1	$ 0.2

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Related-Party Transactions - Consulting Agreement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	$ 994	$ 1,105
Oakana Holdings Inc
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	100	$ 100
Consulting Services [Member] | Shadow Pond LLC
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	$ 0

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Related-Party Transactions - Relationship with HandsOn Global Management (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 agreement	Dec. 31, 2015 agreement
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	$ 994	$ 1,105
Amount of related party transaction	$ 994	1,105
Entities affiliated with HGM managed funds | Master Agreement [Member]
Related-Party Transactions
Revenue share percentage	25.00%
SourceHOV | Master Agreement [Member]
Related-Party Transactions
Revenue share percentage	75.00%
SourceHOV | Entities affiliated with HGM managed funds | Master Agreement [Member]
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	$ 100	$ 200
Number of master agreements | agreement			10	10

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Related-Party Transactions - Relationship with HOV Services, Ltd (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	$ 994	$ 1,105
Amount of related party transaction	994	1,105
HOV Services, Ltd | Data Capture And Technology Services | Cost of revenue
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	$ 400	$ 400

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Related Party Transactions - Relationship with Apollo Global Management, LLC (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) director	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	$ 994	$ 1,105
Apollo
Related-Party Transactions
Number of directors right to designate | director	2
Management Holdings | Master Service Agreement [Member]
Related-Party Transactions
Revenue from related parties	$ 100	100
Caesars | Master Service Agreement [Member]
Related-Party Transactions
Revenue from related parties	1,100	1,000
ADT LLC | Master Service Agreement [Member]
Related-Party Transactions
Revenue from related parties	300	100
Diamond Resorts Centralized Services | Master Service Agreement [Member]
Related-Party Transactions
Revenue from related parties	1,700	2,400
Related party cost of revenue	100	100
Novitex Solutions | Presidio Group | Master Service Agreement [Member]
Related-Party Transactions
Related party expense	$ 200	$ 100

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Related-Party Transactions - Payable Balance with Affiliates (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Receivable and Payable Balances with Affiliates
Payable balances with affiliates	$ 6,184	$ 7,735
HOV Services, Ltd
Receivable and Payable Balances with Affiliates
Payable balances with affiliates	367	405
Rule 14, LLC
Receivable and Payable Balances with Affiliates
Payable balances with affiliates	110	127
HGM
Receivable and Payable Balances with Affiliates
Payable balances with affiliates	5,450	6,998
Apollo
Receivable and Payable Balances with Affiliates
Payable balances with affiliates	241	$ 205
Oakana Holdings Inc
Receivable and Payable Balances with Affiliates
Payable balances with affiliates	$ 16

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Segment Information - Revenue by segment information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Segment information
Number of segments | segment	3
Revenue	$ 403,765	$ 393,167
Cost of revenue	306,882	293,792
Selling, general and administrative expenses	49,949	45,595
Depreciation and amortization	28,020	38,019
Related party expense	994	1,105
Interest expense, net	38,899	38,017
Sundry expense (income), net	2,531	(64)
Other income, net	1,677	(3,328)
Net loss before income taxes	(25,187)	(19,969)
ITPS
Segment information
Revenue	324,580	311,937
Cost of revenue	257,388	245,173
HS
Segment information
Revenue	61,343	58,632
Cost of revenue	38,506	34,956
LLPS
Segment information
Revenue	17,842	22,598
Cost of revenue	$ 10,988	$ 13,663

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Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Events $ in Millions	Apr. 16, 2019 USD ($)
Federal funds rate
Subsequent Events
Applicable margin rate	0.50%
One-month adjusted LIBOR
Subsequent Events
Applicable margin rate	1.00%
LIBOR
Subsequent Events
Floor interest rate	1.00%
Applicable margin rate	6.50%
Base rate
Subsequent Events
Applicable margin rate	5.50%
Incremental term loan
Subsequent Events
Proceeds from incremental term loans	$ 30.0