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Segment Reporting
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting Segment Reporting
As stated in Note 1, Description of Business and Organization, we manage four brands. Under the Tim Hortons brand, we operate in the donut/coffee/tea category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Burger King brand, we operate in the fast food hamburger restaurant category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Popeyes brand, we operate in the chicken category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Firehouse Subs brand, we operate in the specialty subs category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Our business generates revenue from the following sources: (i) sales, consisting primarily of supply chain sales, which represent sales of products, supplies and restaurant equipment to franchisees, as well as sales to retailers and sales at restaurants owned by us (“Company restaurants”); (ii) franchise revenues, consisting primarily of royalties based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and franchise fees paid by franchisees; (iii) property revenues from properties we lease or sublease to franchisees; and (iv) advertising revenues and other services, consisting primarily of advertising fund contributions based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants. We manage each of our brands as an operating segment and each operating segment represents a reportable segment.
The following tables present revenues, by segment and by country (in millions):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Revenues by operating segment:
     TH$1,060 $1,033 $2,976 $2,830 
     BK538 491 1,551 1,407 
     PLK188 164 538 477 
     FHS51 38 137 102 
Total revenues$1,837 $1,726 $5,202 $4,816 
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Revenues by country (a):
     Canada$956 $940 $2,683 $2,565 
     United States645 587 1,849 1,679 
     Other236 199 670 572 
Total revenues$1,837 $1,726 $5,202 $4,816 
(a)Only Canada and the United States represented 10% or more of our total revenues in each period presented.
Our measure of segment income is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings (net income or loss) before interest expense, net, loss on early extinguishment of debt, income tax (benefit) expense, and depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude (i) the non-cash impact of share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, (ii) (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, (iii) other operating expenses (income), net and, (iv) income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities. For the periods referenced, income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities included (i) non-recurring fees and expense incurred in connection with the acquisition of Firehouse consisting of professional fees, compensation-related expenses and integration costs (“FHS Transaction costs”); and (ii) non-operating costs from professional advisory and consulting services associated with certain transformational corporate restructuring initiatives that rationalize our structure and optimize cash movements as well as services related to significant tax reform legislation and regulations (“Corporate restructuring and advisory fees”).
Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of our operating performance. A reconciliation of segment income to net income consists of the following (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Segment income:
     TH$311 $305 $852 $810 
     BK298 262 842 761 
     PLK75 62 214 179 
     FHS14 13 43 40 
          Adjusted EBITDA698 642 1,951 1,790 
Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense49 34 141 93 
FHS Transaction costs— 3 19 8 
Corporate restructuring and advisory fees5 12 17 21 
Impact of equity method investments (a)5 13 29 41 
Other operating expenses (income), net10 (27)20 (68)
          EBITDA629 607 1,725 1,695 
Depreciation and amortization47 46 142 143 
          Income from operations582 561 1,583 1,552 
Interest expense, net143 133 430 389 
Loss on early extinguishment of debt16 — 16 — 
Income tax expense (benefit)59 (102)145 17 
          Net income$364 $530 $992 $1,146 
(a)Represents (i) (income) loss from equity method investments and (ii) cash distributions received from our equity method investments. Cash distributions received from our equity method investments are included in segment income.