The following table presents a summary of the loans held for sale by portfolio segment at the lower of amortized cost or fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The following table presents total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Outstanding balances include originated loans, Acquired Noncredit Impaired (“ANCI”) loans, and Purchase Credit Deteriorated (“PCD”) loans, formerly referred to as acquired credit impaired (“ACI”) loans. See Note 1 for additional information regarding the adoption of the new CECL accounting standard ⁽²⁾.

(In thousands)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial
General C&I	$	4,694,114	$	4,517,016
Energy		1,480,497		1,419,957
Restaurant		1,082,602		1,027,421
Healthcare		492,097		474,264
Total commercial and industrial		7,749,310		7,438,658
Commercial real estate
Industrial, retail, and other		1,754,881		1,691,694
Multifamily		692,168		659,902
Office		533,711		535,676
Total commercial real estate		2,980,760		2,887,272
Consumer
Residential		2,576,073		2,568,295
Other		86,048		89,430
Total consumer		2,662,121		2,657,725
Total⁽¹⁾	$	13,392,191	$	12,983,655

⁽¹⁾ $45.3 million and $44.5 million of net accrued interest receivable is excluded from the total loan balances above as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Credit Risk Management. The Company’s credit risk management is overseen by the Company’s Board of Directors, including its Risk Management Committee, and the Company’s Senior Credit Risk Management Committee (“SCRMC”). The SCRMC is responsible for reviewing the Company’s credit portfolio management information, including asset quality trends, concentration reports, policy, financial and documentation exceptions, delinquencies, charge-offs, and nonperforming assets.

The Company’s credit policy requires that key risks be identified and measured, documented and mitigated, to the extent possible, and requires various levels of internal approvals based on the characteristics of the loans, including the size of the exposure. The Company also has customized underwriting guidelines for loans in the Company’s specialized industries that the Company believes reflects the unique characteristics of these industries.

Under the Company’s dual credit risk rating (“DCRR”) system, it is the Company’s policy to assign risk ratings to all commercial loan (C&I and CRE) exposures using the Company’s internal credit risk rating system. The assignment of loan risk ratings is the primary responsibility of the lending officer concurrent with approval from the credit officer reviewing and recommending approval of the credit. The assignment of commercial risk ratings is completed on a transactional basis using scorecards. The Company uses a total of nine different scorecards that accommodate various areas of lending. Each scorecard contains two main components: probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”). Each component is assessed using a multitude of both qualitative and quantitative scoring elements, which will generate a percentage for each component. The key elements assessed in the scorecard for PD are financial performance and trends as well as qualitative measures. The key elements for LGD are collateral quality and the structure of the loan. The PD percentage and LGD percentage are converted into PD and LGD risk ratings for each loan. The PD rating is used as the Company’s risk grade of record. Loans with PD ratings of 1 through 8 are loans that the Company rates internally as “Pass.” Loans with PD ratings of 9 through 13 are rated internally as “Criticized” and represent loans for which one or more potential or defined weaknesses exists. Loans with PD ratings of 10 through 13 are also considered “Classified” and represent loans for which one or more defined weaknesses exist. These classifications are consistent with regulatory guidelines. The following is a qualitative description of the Company’s loan classifications:

Consumer purpose loan risk classification is assigned in accordance with the Uniform Retail Credit Classification, based on delinquency and accrual status.

An important aspect of the Company’s assessment of risk is the ongoing completion of periodic risk rating reviews. As part of these reviews, the Company seeks to review the risk ratings of each facility within a customer relationship and may recommend an upgrade or downgrade to the risk ratings. The Company’s policy is to review two times per year all customer relationships with an aggregate exposure of $10 million or greater as well as all shared national credits (“SNC”). Additionally, all customer relationships with an aggregate exposure of $2.5 million to $10.0 million are reviewed annually. Further, customer relationships with an aggregate exposure of $2.5 million and greater with pass/watch or criticized risk ratings are reviewed quarterly. Certain relationships are exempt from review, such as relationships where the Company’s exposure is cash-secured. An updated risk rating scorecard is required during each risk review as well as with any credit event that requires credit approval.

The Company’s policies establish concentration limits for various industries within the commercial portfolio as well as commercial real estate, leveraged lending and other regulatory categories. Concentration limits are monitored and reassessed on a periodic basis and approved by the Board of Directors on an annual basis.

The approval of the Company’s Senior Loan Committee is generally required for relationships in an amount greater than $5.0 million. For loans in an amount greater than $5.0 million that are risk rated 10 or worse, approval of the Credit Transition Committee is generally required. There is a credit executive assigned to each line of business who holds the primary responsibility for the approval process outside of the loan approval committees.

ACL Rollforward and Analysis. The following tables provide a summary of the activity in the ACL and the Reserve for Unfunded Commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Total Allowance for Credit Losses			Reserve for Unfunded Commitments⁽¹⁾		Total
As of December 31, 2019	$	89,796		$	15,319		$	14,528		$	119,643		$	1,699	$	121,342
Cumulative effect of adoption of CECL		32,951			20,599			22,300			75,850			332		76,182
As of January 1, 2020		122,747			35,918			36,828			195,493			2,031		197,524
Provision for credit losses		63,684			17,798			756			82,238			1,191		83,429
Charge-offs		(31,987	)		(478	)		(633	)		(33,098	)		—		(33,098	)
Recoveries		141			180			292			613			—		613
As of March 31, 2020	$	154,585		$	53,418		$	37,243		$	245,246		$	3,222	$	248,468

Allocation of ending ACL
Loans collectively evaluated	$	135,486		$	53,418		$	37,243		$	226,147
Loans individually evaluated		19,099			—			—			19,099
ACL as of March 31, 2020	$	154,585		$	53,418		$	37,243		$	245,246

Loans (amortized cost)
Loans collectively evaluated	$	7,609,527		$	2,975,416		$	2,659,630		$	13,244,573
Loans individually evaluated		139,783			5,344			2,491			147,618
Loans as of March 31, 2020⁽²⁾	$	7,749,310		$	2,980,760		$	2,662,121		$	13,392,191

(1) The reserve for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(2) $45.3 million of net accrued interest receivable is excluded from the loan balances above as of March 31, 2020.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Small Business			Total Allowance for Credit Losses
As of December 31, 2018	$	66,316		$	10,452		$	13,703		$	3,907		$	94,378
Provision for credit losses		9,299			102			1,206			603			11,210
Charge-offs		(461	)		(85	)		(234	)		(158	)		(938	)
Recoveries		372			—			15			1			388
As of March 31, 2019⁽¹⁾	$	75,526		$	10,469		$	14,690		$	4,353		$	105,038

Allocation of ending ACL
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	$	61,020		$	10,462		$	14,625		$	4,294		$	90,401
Loans individually evaluated for impairment		14,506			7			65			59			14,637
ACL as of March 31, 2019⁽¹⁾	$	75,526		$	10,469		$	14,690		$	4,353		$	105,038

Loans
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	$	7,389,053		$	2,823,249		$	2,637,416		$	758,586		$	13,608,304
Loans individually evaluated for impairment		92,635			6,946			2,102			256			101,939
Loans as of March 31, 2019⁽¹⁾	$	7,481,688		$	2,830,195		$	2,639,518		$	758,842		$	13,710,243

⁽¹⁾ Allowance for credit losses and loan balances as calculated and reported under the incurred loss accounting model and reported at March 31, 2019.

As described in Note 1, the Company adopted the new CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2020 which increased the ACL by $75.9 million. The ACL was increased an additional $82.2 million in provision for the quarter which reflects the forecasted effects of COVID-19 on the various loan segments due to higher unemployment, lower GDP, market volatility, and real estate prices. The Company’s estimate of the ACL used the baseline pandemic scenario provided by a nationally recognized service released on April 4, 2020, as adjusted for consideration of certain qualitative and environmental factors. Loan charge-offs recognized during the first quarter of 2020 are higher than the first quarter of 2019 as a result of credit migration that has occurred primarily in the Restaurant and General C&I classes with the most significant impact being COVID related.

The Company’s individually evaluated loans totaling $147.6 million at March 31, 2020 are considered collateral dependent loans and generally are considered impaired (Note 1). The majority of the these are within the C&I segment and include loans in the Energy, Restaurant, and General C&I classes. The majority of these loans are supported by an enterprise valuation or by collateral such as real estate, receivables or inventory, with the exception of loans within the Energy E&P sector which are secured by oil and gas reserves. Loans within the CRE and consumer segments are secured by commercial and residential real estate.

The following table provides information by each credit quality indicator and by origination year (vintage) as of March 31, 2020. The Company defines origination year (vintage) for the purposes of disclosure as the year of execution of the original loan agreement. Loans that are modified as a TDR are considered to be a continuation of the original loan, therefore the origination date of the original loan is reflected as the vintage date. This presentation is consistent with the vintage determination used in the ACL model. The criticized loans with a 2020 vintage relate to credits in resolution. There were no line-of-credit arrangements converted to term loans during the period.

	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015 and Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	174,633	$	796,988	$	1,155,772	$	713,223	$	397,273	$	738,601	$	3,179,764	$	7,156,254
Special mention		261		7,690		69,934		34,365		39,415		16,712		86,730		255,107
Substandard		583		5,949		76,623		26,435		35,471		58,585		114,862		318,508
Doubtful		—		1,784		3,460		765		—		7,126		6,306		19,441
Total commercial and industrial		175,477		812,411		1,305,789		774,788		472,159		821,024		3,387,662		7,749,310
Commercial real estate
Pass		109,070		406,225		737,092		692,826		274,966		562,834		141,895		2,924,908
Special mention		1,495		346		25,125		945		293		3,221		279		31,704
Substandard		—		210		170		607		7,455		15,694		12		24,148
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial real estate		110,565		406,781		762,387		694,378		282,714		581,749		142,186		2,980,760
Consumer
Current		79,008		471,638		646,405		356,462		320,817		504,905		252,225		2,631,460
30-59 days past due		—		1,506		4,076		340		1,795		7,443		2,358		17,518
60-89 days past due		—		309		1,134		76		1,075		1,494		221		4,309
90+ days past due		—		147		2,159		8		1,540		4,980		—		8,834
Total consumer		79,008		473,600		653,774		356,886		325,227		518,822		254,804		2,662,121
Total⁽¹⁾	$	365,050	$	1,692,792	$	2,721,950	$	1,826,052	$	1,080,100	$	1,921,595	$	3,784,652	$	13,392,191

(1) $45.3 million of net accrued interest receivable is excluded from the loan balances above as of March 31, 2020.

The following tables provide an aging analysis of past due loans by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable.

	Age Analysis of Past-Due Loans as of March 31, 2020												90+ Days
(In thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total		Current		Total⁽¹⁾		Past Due and Accruing
Commercial and industrial
General C&I	$	4,903	$	794	$	28,945	$	34,642	$	4,659,472	$	4,694,114	$	13
Energy		—		—		—		—		1,480,497		1,480,497		—
Restaurant		871		8,413		6,634		15,918		1,066,684		1,082,602		24
Healthcare		1,201		52		2,504		3,757		488,340		492,097		—
Total commercial and industrial		6,975		9,259		38,083		54,317		7,694,993		7,749,310		37
Commercial real estate
Industrial, retail, and other		2,486		1,272		1,772		5,530		1,749,350		1,754,880		2
Multifamily		—		—		—		—		692,169		692,169		—
Office		327		—		1,136		1,463		532,248		533,711		—
Total commercial real estate		2,813		1,272		2,908		6,993		2,973,767		2,980,760		2
Consumer
Residential		17,325		4,283		8,826		30,434		2,545,640		2,576,074		1,960
Other		193		26		8		227		85,820		86,047		—
Total consumer		17,518		4,309		8,834		30,661		2,631,460		2,662,121		1,960
Total	$	27,306	$	14,840	$	49,825	$	91,971	$	13,300,220	$	13,392,191	$	1,999

⁽¹⁾ $45.3 million of net accrued interest receivable is excluded from the loan balances above as of March 31, 2020.

	Age Analysis of Past-Due Loans as of December 31, 2019												90+ Days
(In thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total		Current		Total⁽¹⁾		Past Due and Accruing
Commercial and industrial
General C&I	$	23,143	$	1,117	$	15,183	$	39,443	$	4,477,573	$	4,517,016	$	85
Energy		—		—		8,166		8,166		1,411,791		1,419,957		—
Restaurant		1,219		1,284		8,021		10,524		1,016,897		1,027,421		108
Healthcare		497		41		4,143		4,681		469,583		474,264		—
Total commercial and industrial		24,859		2,442		35,513		62,814		7,375,844		7,438,658		193
Commercial real estate
Industrial, retail, and other		3,354		133		2,255		5,742		1,685,952		1,691,694		—
Multifamily		—		—		—		—		659,902		659,902		—
Office		253		—		1,219		1,472		534,204		535,676		—
Total commercial real estate		3,607		133		3,474		7,214		2,880,058		2,887,272		—
Consumer
Residential		8,967		6,101		7,292		22,360		2,545,935		2,568,295		887
Other		192		37		54		283		89,147		89,430		40
Total consumer		9,159		6,138		7,346		22,643		2,635,082		2,657,725		927
Total	$	37,625	$	8,713	$	46,333	$	92,671	$	12,890,984	$	12,983,655	$	1,120

⁽¹⁾ $44.5 million of net accrued interest receivable is excluded from the loan balances above as of December 31, 2019.

The following table provides information about nonaccruing loans by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

	Nonaccrual Loans - Amortized Cost						90+ Days
(In thousands)	Beginning of the Period⁽¹⁾		End of the Period		No Allowance Recorded		Past Due and Accruing		Interest Income Recognized
Commercial and industrial
General C&I	$	66,589	$	62,517	$	11,580	$	13	$	—
Energy		9,568		19,171		1,137		—		8
Restaurant		53,483		52,603		19,220		24		29
Healthcare		4,833		3,011		1,952		—		—
Total commercial and industrial		134,473		137,302		33,889		37		37
Commercial real estate
Industrial, retail, and other		5,935		6,385		4,301		2		43
Multifamily		—		—		—		—		—
Office		1,245		1,159		1,044		—		—
Total commercial real estate		7,180		7,544		5,345		2		43
Consumer
Residential		15,101		14,799		2,491		1,960		30
Other		24		8		—		—		2
Total consumer		15,125		14,807		2,491		1,960		32
Total⁽²⁾	$	156,778	$	159,653	$	41,725	$	1,999	$	112

(1) Amounts are not comparable to prior period public filings due to our adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020. Prior to this date, pools of individual ACI loans were excluded because they continued to earn interest income from the accretable yield at the pool level. With the adoption of CECL, the pools were discontinued, and performance is based on contractual terms for individual loans. Additionally, prior to January 1, 2020, nonaccrual balances were presented using recorded investment. Upon adoption of CECL, approximately $43.0 million of ACI loans were reclassed to nonaccrual loans.
(2) $45.3 million and $44.5 million of net accrued interest receivable is excluded from the total nonaccrual loan balances above as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with the borrower’s ability to repay. Extensions and modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately. The Bank considers regulatory guidelines when restructuring loans to ensure that prudent lending practices are followed. Qualifying criteria and payment terms are structured by the borrower’s current and prospective ability to comply with the modified terms of the loan.

A modification is classified as a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and it is determined that the Company has granted a concession to the borrower. The Company may determine that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt, or if it is probable that a borrower may default in the foreseeable future without the modification. Concessions could include reductions of interest rates at a rate lower than current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, extension of the maturity date, reduction of accrued interest, principal forgiveness, forbearance, or other concessions. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing or will likely experience financial difficulty and whether a concession has been granted is highly subjective in nature, and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR.

All TDRs are individually evaluated to measure the amount of any ACL. The TDR classification may be removed if the borrower demonstrates compliance with the modified terms and the restructuring agreement specifies an interest rate equal to that which would be provided to a borrower with similar credit at the time of restructuring.

The following table provides information regarding loans that were modified into TDRs during the periods indicated.

The loans that were modified into TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were primarily general C&I and restaurant loans. The loan that was modified into a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was a general C&I loan.

The Company monitors loan payments on an on-going basis to determine if a loan is considered to have a payment default. Determination of payment default involves analyzing the economic conditions that exist for each customer and their ability to generate positive cash flows during the loan term. Default is defined as the earlier of the troubled debt restructuring being placed on non-accrual status or obtaining 90 days past due status with respect to principal and/or interest payments.

For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, the Company had no TDRs for which there was a payment default within the 12 months following the restructure date. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, approximately $6.8 million in charge-offs were taken related to one general C&I loan that was modified into a TDR during the same period.

Additionally, in March 2020, regulators issued the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus which allows loan modifications due to the effects of Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus to not be identified as a TDR. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, the Company had no loan modifications due to the effects of COVID-2019 but expects additional loans to be restructured due to the effects of COVID-19 in the coming periods that will not be identified as TDRs in accordance with this interagency statement.

The following table provides information regarding the types of loan modifications that were modified into TDRs during the periods indicated.

Included in loans are zero and $4.4 million of consumer loans secured by single family residential real estate that are in process of foreclosure at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We have ceased foreclosure activities on residential real estate due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Loans in process of foreclosure include those for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. In addition to the single family residential real estate loans in process of foreclosure, the Company also held $97 thousand and $151 thousand of foreclosed single-family residential properties in other real estate owned as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.