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Note 9 - Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements  
Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]
Note
9
— Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants
 
Preferred Stock
 
In
August 2018,
we sold an aggregate of
50,000
shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value
$0.0001
per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock), at
$1,000
 per share for an aggregate purchase price of
$50
million and we issued an additional
1,000
shares of Series A Preferred Stock in aggregate as origination fees to (i) York Capital Management Global Advisors, LLC, severally on behalf of certain funds or accounts managed by it or its affiliates (“York”), (ii) Valinor Management, L.P., severally on behalf of certain funds or accounts for which it is investment manager (“Valinor”), (iii) Bardin Hill Investment Partners LP (formerly known as Halcyon Capital Management LP), severally on behalf of certain funds or accounts managed by it or its affiliates (“Bardin Hill,” and together with York and Valinor, the “Fund Purchasers”) and (iv) HGC NEXT INV LLC (“HGC” and, together with the Fund Purchasers, the “Series A Preferred Stock Purchasers”). Warrants were issued together with the shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Warrants”). 
 
In connection with the issuance of Series A Preferred Stock and pursuant to backstop commitment agreements with the Fund Purchasers dated
April 11, 2018,
as subsequently amended on
August 3, 2018 (
as amended, the “Backstop Agreements”), we also issued a total of
413,658
shares of Company common stock as fees to the Fund Purchasers.  Each Fund Purchaser is a Company stockholder and, pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of
April 17, 2017,
by and among the Company, each Fund Purchaser and/or
one
or more of its affiliates, and the other parties named therein,
three
individuals,
two
individuals, and
one
individual from York, Valinor, and Bardin Hill, respectively, were appointed to the Company’s board of directors. 
 
In
September 2018,
we sold an aggregate of
29,055
shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value
$0.0001
per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock” and, together with the Series A Preferred Stock, the “Convertible Preferred Stock”), at
$1,000
per share for an aggregate purchase price of
$29.055
million and we issued an additional
581
shares of Series B Preferred Stock in aggregate as origination fees to certain funds managed by BlackRock (“BlackRock”).
 
  In
May 2019,
we sold an aggregate of
20,945
shares of Series B Preferred Stock, at
$1,000
per share for an aggregate purchase price of
$20.945
million and we issued an additional
418
shares of Series B Preferred Stock in aggregate as origination fees to York Tactical Energy Fund, L.P. and York Tactical Energy Fund PIV-AN, L.P. (the “York Tactical Funds” and, together with BlackRock, Bardin Hill, Valinor and HGC, the “Series B Preferred Stock Purchasers”), (ii) Bardin Hill, (iii) Valinor and (iv) HGC. Warrants were issued together with the shares of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Warrants” and, together with the Series A Warrants, the “Common Stock Warrants”).
 
The Company has the option to convert all, but
not
less than all, of the Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of Company common stock at a strike price of
$7.34
per share of Company common stock (the “Conversion Price”) on any date on which the volume weighted average trading price of shares of Company common stock for each trading day during any
60
of the prior
90
trading days is equal to or greater than
175%
of the Conversion Price, in each case subject to certain terms and conditions. Furthermore, the Company must convert all of the Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of Company common stock at the Conversion Price on the earlier of (i)
ten
(
10
) business days following a FID Event (as defined in the certificates of designations of the Convertible Preferred Stock) and (ii) the date that is the
tenth
(
10th
) anniversary of the closings of the issuances of the Convertible Preferred Stock, as applicable.
 
The shares of Convertible Preferred Stock bear dividends at a rate of
12%
per annum, which are cumulative and accrue daily from the date of issuance on the
$1,000
stated value. Such dividends are payable quarterly and
may
be paid in cash or in-kind. During
2019
, the Company paid-in-kind
$11.2
 million of dividends to holders of the Convertible Preferred Stock. On
January 9, 2020,
the Company declared dividends to holders of the Convertible Preferred Stock as of the close of business on
December 15, 2019.
On
January 15, 2020,
the Company paid-in-kind
$3.4
 million of dividends to holders of the Convertible Preferred Stock.
 
The holders of Convertible Preferred Stock vote on an “as-converted” basis with the holders of the Company common stock on all matters brought before the holders of Company common stock. In addition, the holders of Convertible Preferred Stock have separate class voting rights with respect to certain matters affecting their rights.
 
The Convertible Preferred Stock do
not
qualify as liability instruments under ASC
480,
because they are
not
mandatorily redeemable. However, as SEC Regulation S-
X,
Rule
5
-
02
-
27
does
not
permit a probability assessment for a change of control provision, the Convertible Preferred Stock must be presented as mezzanine equity between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheets because a change of control event, although
not
considered probable, could force the Company to redeem the Convertible Preferred Stock for cash or assets of the Company. At each balance sheet date, we must re-evaluate whether the Convertible Preferred Stock continue to qualify for equity classification.
 
Common Stock Warrants
 
The Series A Warrants issued to the Series A Preferred Stock Purchasers represent the right to acquire in the aggregate a number of shares of common stock equal to approximately
71
basis points (
0.71%
) of all outstanding shares of Company common stock, measured on a fully-diluted basis, on the exercise date with a strike price of
$0.01
per share. The Series B Warrants issued to the Series B Preferred Stock Purchasers represent the right to acquire in the aggregate a number of shares of common stock equal to approximately
71
basis points (
0.71%
) of all outstanding shares of Company common stock, measured on a fully diluted basis on the exercise date with a strike price of
$0.01
per share.
 
The Common Stock Warrants have a fixed
three
-year term commencing on the closings of the issuances of the associated Convertible Preferred Stock. The Common Stock Warrants
may
only be exercised by holders of the Common Stock Warrants at the expiration of such
three
-year term, except that the Company can force the exercise of the Common Stock Warrants prior to expiration of such term if the volume weighted average trading price of shares of Common Stock for each trading day during any
60
of the prior
90
trading days is equal to or greater than
175%
of the of the applicable Convertible Preferred Stock conversion price and, with respect to the Series B Warrants, the Company simultaneously elects to force a mandatory exercise of all other warrants then outstanding and un-exercised and held by any holder of parity stock. Pursuant to ASC
815
-
40
,
the fair value of the Common Stock Warrants was recorded as a non-current liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheet on the issuance dates. The Company revalues the Common Stock Warrants at each balance sheet date and recognized a  loss of
$2.7
million and a gain of
$0.2
million as of
December 31, 2019
and
2018,
respectively. The Common Stock Warrant liabilities are included in Level
3
of the fair value hierarchy.
 
The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the fair value of the Common Stock Warrants as of
December 31, 2019
 are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
 
Stock price
  $
6.14
    $
5.40
 
Exercise price
  $
0.01
    $
0.01
 
Risk-free rate
   
1.6
%    
2.5
%
Volatility
   
27.6
%    
33.1
%
Term (years)
   
1.8
     
2.7
 
 
Initial Fair Value Allocation
 
Net proceeds in
2019
were allocated on a fair value basis to the Series B Warrants and on a relative fair value basis to the Series B Preferred Stock.  The allocation of net cash proceeds from the sale of Series B Preferred Stock in
2019
 is as follows (in thousands):
 
     
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
 
Series B
 
     
 
 
 
Series B
   
Convertible
 
     
 
 
 
Warrants
   
Preferred
 
Gross proceeds
  $
20,945
     
 
     
 
 
Equity issuance costs
   
     
 
     
 
 
Net proceeds - Initial Fair Value Allocation
  $
20,945
    $
1,936
    $
19,009
 
Per balance sheet upon issuance
   
 
    $
1,936
    $
19,009
 
 
Net cash proceeds in
2018
were allocated on a fair value basis to the Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants and on a relative fair value basis to the Company common stock, the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock. As described below,
$2.5
million of the
$41.1
million allocated to the Series A Preferred Stock was allocated to additional paid-in capital to give effect to the intrinsic value of a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”).  The allocation of net cash proceeds from the sale of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock in
2018
 is as follows (in thousands):
 
     
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
     
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Series A
   
Series B
     
 
 
 
Beneficial
 
     
 
 
 
Series A
   
Series B
   
Convertible
   
Convertible
   
Common
   
Conversion
 
     
 
 
 
Warrants
   
Warrants
   
Preferred
   
Preferred
   
Stock
   
Feature
 
Gross proceeds
  $
79,055
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Equity issuance costs
   
(2,104
)    
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net proceeds - Initial Fair Value Allocation
  $
76,951
    $
4,859
    $
2,746
    $
41,079
    $
26,159
    $
2,108
    $
 
Allocation to BCF
   
 
     
     
     
(2,530
)    
     
     
2,530
 
Per balance sheet upon issuance
   
 
    $
4,859
    $
2,746
    $
38,549
    $
26,159
    $
2,108
    $
2,530
 
 
 
 
Beneficial Conversion Feature
 
ASC
470
-
20
-
20
Debt – Debt with conversion and Other Options
(“ASC
470
-
20”
) defines a BCF as a nondetachable conversion feature that is in the money at the issuance date. The Company was required by ASC
470
-
20
to allocate a portion of the proceeds from the Series A Preferred Stock equal to the intrinsic value of the BCF to additional paid-in capital. The intrinsic value of the BCF is calculated at the issuance date as the difference between the “accounting conversion price” and the market price of shares of Company common stock multiplied by the number of shares of Company common stock into which the Series A Preferred Stock is convertible. The accounting conversion prices of
$5.58
per share and
$6.24
per share for the Fund Purchasers and HGC, respectively, is different than the initial conversion price of
$7.50
per share. The “accounting conversion price” is derived by dividing the proceeds allocated to the Series A Preferred Stock by the number of shares of Company common stock into which the Series A Preferred Stock is convertible. We are recording the accretion of the
$2.5
million Series A Preferred Stock discount attributable to the BCF as a deemed dividend using the effective yield method over the period prior to the expected conversion date.