10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

 OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-36798

PANGAEA LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS, LTD.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Bermuda	98-1205464
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

c/o Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC
109 Long Wharf, Newport, RI 02840	(401) 846-7790
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, $0.0001 par value	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨  No ý 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.     Yes ¨  No ý 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days.     Yes ý  No ¨ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes ý No ¨  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

Large accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes ☐    No x

The aggregate market value of the registrant's Common Stock held by non-affiliates at June 30, 2020 was approximately $20.4 million based on the Nasdaq closing price for such shares on that date. The registrant has no non-voting common equity.

As of March 15, 2021, 45,618,206 shares of Common Shares, $.0001 par value per share were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I			4
	ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	4
	ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	22
	ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	44
	ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	45
	ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	45
	ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	45
PART II			46
	ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	46
	ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	47
	ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	49
	ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	61
	ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	61
	ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	61
	ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	61
	ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	62
PART III			63
	ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	63
	ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	66
	ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	70
	ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	72
	ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	73
	ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	F-1

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In this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”), references to “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd and its subsidiaries.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Our disclosure and analysis in this Annual Report on Form 10-K pertaining to our operations, cash flows and financial position, including, in particular, the likelihood of our success in developing and expanding our business, include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “may,” “should” and similar expressions are forward-looking statements.

All statements in this Form 10-K that are not statements of either historical or current facts are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, such matters as:

•our future operating or financial results;

•our ability to charter-in vessels and to enter into COAs ("Contract of Affreightment"), voyage charters, time charters and forward freight agreements, and the performance of our counterparties in such contracts;

•our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to obtain financing in the future to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate activities;

•our expectations of the availability of vessels to purchase, the time it may take to construct new vessels, and vessels’ useful lives;

•competition in the drybulk shipping industry;

•our business strategy and expected capital spending or operating expenses, including drydocking and insurance costs and the ability to expand our presence in logistics trades and custom supply chain management;

•global and regional economic and political conditions, including piracy; and

•statements about shipping market trends, including charter rates and factors affecting supply and demand.

Many of these statements are based on our assumptions about factors that are beyond our ability to control or predict and are subject to risks and uncertainties that are described more fully under the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-K. Any of these factors or a combination of these factors could materially affect our future results of operations and the ultimate accuracy of the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause future results to differ include, but are not limited to, the following:

•changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities;

•cybersecurity threats, including the potential misappropriation of assets or sensitive information, corruption of data or operational disruption;

•changes in economic and competitive conditions affecting our business, including market fluctuations in charter rates and charterers’ abilities to perform under existing time charters;

•potential liability from future litigation and potential costs due to environmental damage and vessel collisions;

•the length and number of off-hire periods; and

•other factors discussed under the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-K.

You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K because they are statements about events that are not certain to occur as described or at all. All forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K are qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of our future performance, and actual results and future developments may vary materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

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Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, we undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-K or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

PART I.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Introduction

Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Pangaea” or the “Company”) provides seaborne drybulk logistics and transportation services. Pangaea utilizes its logistics expertise to service a broad base of industrial customers who require the transportation of a wide variety of drybulk cargoes, including grains, coal, iron ore, pig iron, hot briquetted iron, bauxite, alumina, cement clinker, dolomite and limestone. The Company addresses the logistics needs of its customers by undertaking a comprehensive set of services and activities, including cargo loading, cargo discharge, vessel chartering, voyage planning, and vessel technical management.

Business

The Company provides logistics and transportation services to clients utilizing an ocean-going fleet of motor vessels ("m/v") in the Handymax, Supramax, Ultramax and Panamax segments. At any time, this fleet may be comprised of 45-60 vessels that are chartered-in on a short-term basis for operation under our contract business. In addition, during the year 2020, the Company operated 17 vessels which were wholly-owned or partially-owned through joint ventures. The Company uses this fleet to transport approximately 26 million tons of cargo annually to nearly 300 ports around the world, averaging approximately 49 vessels in service daily in 2020 and 48 during 2019.

The Company’s ocean logistics services provide cargo loading, cargo discharge, vessel chartering, voyage planning, and technical vessel management to vessel and cargo owners. Our logistics capabilities provide a wide array of services which allow our customers to extend their own services, to more efficiently transport their cargo, and to extend relationships with their own suppliers and customers. For some customers, the Company acts as their ocean logistics department, providing scheduling, terminal operations, port services, and marketing functions. For other customers, the Company transports supplies used in mining or processing in addition to cargo transport. The Company has worked with other customers on design, construction, and operation of loading and discharge facilities.

In addition, the Company focuses on fixing cargo and cargo contracts for transportation on backhaul routes. Backhaul routes position vessels for cargo discharge in typical loading areas. Backhaul routes allow us to reduce ballast days and instead earn revenues at times and on routes that are typically traveled without paying cargo.

The Company is a leader in the high ice class sector, secured by its control of a majority of the world's large dry bulk vessels with Ice-Class 1A designation. High ice class trading includes service in ice-restricted areas during both the winter (Baltic Sea and Gulf of St. Lawrence) and summer (Arctic Ocean). Trading during the ice seasons have provided superior profit margins, rewarding the Company for its investment in the specialized ships and the expertise it has developed working in these harsh environments.

The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from contracts of affreightment, “COAs”, voyage charters, and time charters. The Company transports a wide range of fundamental global commodities including grains, coal, iron ore, pig iron, hot briquetted iron, bauxite, alumina, cement clinker, dolomite, limestone, and other minor bulk cargo.

The Company’s COAs typically extend for a period of one to five years, although some extend for longer periods. A voyage charter is a contract for the carriage of a specific amount and type of cargo on a load port to discharge port basis, subject to various cargo handling terms. COAs and voyage charters provide voyage revenue to the Company. A time charter is a contract under which the Company is paid to provide a vessel on a per day basis for a specified period of time. Time charters provide charter revenues to the Company.

Active risk management is an important part of our business model. The Company believes its active risk management allows it to reduce the sensitivity of its revenues to market fluctuations and helps it to secure its long-term profitability and lower relative volatility of earnings. We manage market risk by chartering in vessels for periods of less than nine months on average and through a portfolio approach based upon owned vessels, chartered-in vessels, COAs, voyage charters, and time charters. The

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Company tries to identify routes and ports for efficient bunkering to minimize its fuel expense. The Company also seeks to hedge a portion of its exposure to changes in the price of marine fuels, or bunkers, through fuel swaps; and to fluctuating future freight rates through forward freight agreements. The Company has also entered into interest rate agreements to fix a portion of our interest rate exposure.

Business Strategy

The Company’s principal business objectives are to profitably grow its business and increase shareholder value. The Company expects to achieve these objectives through the following strategies:

•Focus on increasing strategic COAs. COA is an agreement providing for the transportation between specified points for a specific quantity of cargo over a specific time period but without designating specific vessels or voyage schedules, thereby allowing flexibility in scheduling since no vessel designation is required. COAs can either have a fixed rate or a market-related rate. The Company intends to increase our COA business, in particular, COAs for cargo discharge in traditional loading areas (backhaul), by leveraging its relationships with existing customers and attracting new customers. The Company believes that its dedication to solving its customer’s logistics problems, and its reputation and experience in carrying a wide range of cargoes and transiting less common routes and ports, increases its likelihood of securing strategic COAs. COA’s provide a consistent cargo base and revenue for our transportation services, around which we attempt to structure other logistics offerings.

•Expand capacity and flexibility by renewing its owned fleet and invest in ice class niche. The Company is continually looking to acquire additional high-quality vessels suited for its business strategy, the needs of its customers and growth opportunities the Company identifies. The Company believes that its experience as a reliable and serious counterparty in the purchase and sale market for second-hand vessels positions it as a candidate for acquisition of high quality vessels. The Company currently controls (owns or has an ownership interest in) a fleet of 17 bulk carriers. The current fleet includes six Ice-Class 1A Panamax, two Ice-Class 1C Ultramax, two Panamax, seven Supramax drybulk vessels. The Company also has invested in four Ice-Class 1A Post-Panamax vessels to be delivered in 2021. Two second-hand vessels have recently been acquired by the Company, and will be delivered to us in coming months from their existing owners.

•Increase backhaul focus, expand and defend its presence in the niche ice trades and increase fleet efficiency.  The Company continues to focus on backhaul cargoes, including backhaul cargoes associated with COAs, to reduce ballast days and increase expected earnings for well-positioned vessels. In addition, the Company intends to continue to charter in vessels for periods of less than nine months, on average, to permit it to match its variable costs to demand. The Company believes that increased vessel utilization and positioning efficiency will enhance its profitability. The Company’s commitment to remain the leader in high ice class large bulk carriers is demonstrated by its newbuilding project for ships in this segment where premium market returns cover added investment and operating costs.

•Focus on customized and complete logistics solutions within targeted dry bulk trades.  The Company intends to leverage its experience in designing custom loading and discharging systems in critical ports and optimizing vessel operations in ports to provide complete logistics solutions to its clients. The Company continues to look for opportunities to transport cargo for clients from, or to, rarely used or underdeveloped port facilities to expand its operations.   The Company believes this operational expertise and complete logistics solutions will enhance the services offered, strengthen our client relationships and generate increased operating margins for the Company.

Competitive Strengths

The Company believes that it possesses a number of competitive strengths in its industry, including:

•Expertise in certain niche markets and routes.  The Company has developed expertise and a major presence in selected niche markets and less commoditized routes, especially the Baltic Sea in winter, the Northern Sea Route between Europe and Asia in summer, and the trade route between Jamaica and the United States, as well as selected ports, particularly in Newfoundland and Baffin Island. The Company believes that there is less competition to carry “minor,” as compared to traditional “major,” bulk cargoes, and, similarly, that there is less competition on less commoditized routes. The Company believes that its experience in carrying a wide range of cargoes and transiting less common routes and ports increases its likelihood of securing higher rates and margins than those available for more commoditized cargoes and routes. The Company believes it operates assets well suited to certain of these routes, including its Ice-Class 1A Panamax and Ice-Class 1C Ultramax vessels. The ice-class fleet has historically produced margins that are superior to the average market rate.

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•Enhanced vessel utilization and profitability through strategic backhaul and triangulation methods.  The Company enhances vessel utilization and profitability through selecting COAs and other contracts to carry cargo on what would normally be backhaul or ballast legs. In contrast to the typical practice of incurring charter hire and bunker costs to position an empty vessel in a port or area where cargo is normally loaded, the Company instead actively works with its customers to secure cargoes for discharge in traditional loading areas (backhaul). This practice allows the Company to position vessels for loading at lower costs than it would bear if it positioned such vessels by traveling unladen or if the Company chartered in vessels in a loading area. The Company believes that this focus on backhaul cargoes permits them to benefit from ballast bonuses that are paid to position vessels for fronthaul cargoes or, alternatively, to earn a premium for delivering ships that are in position for fronthaul cargoes.

•Strong relationships with major industrial customers.  The Company has developed strong commercial relationships with a number of major industrial customers. These customer relationships are based upon the Company’s reputation and specific history of service to these customers. The Company believes that these relationships help it generate recurring business with such customers which, in some cases, are formalized through contracts for repeat business (COAs). The Company also believes that these relationships can help create new opportunities. Although many of these relationships have extended over a period of years, there is no assurance that such relationships or business will continue in the future. The Company believes that its familiarity with local regulations and market conditions at its routinely serviced ports, particularly in Newfoundland, Baffin Island and Jamaica, provides it with a strong competitive advantage and allows it to attract new customers and secure recurring business.

•Logistics approach to commodity business. The Company seeks employment for its vessels in a way that utilizes its expertise in enhancing productivity of clients' supply chains.  The Company focuses on movements of cargo beyond loading and discharge berths and looks for opportunities to add value in clients' supply chains.  The Company believes its additional efforts in providing complete logistics provides a competitive advantage and allows it to maintain strong client relationships and generate increased operating margins for the Company.    

•Experienced management team.  The day-to-day operations of a logistics and transportation services company requires close coordination among customers, land-based transportation providers and port authorities around the world. Its efficient operation depends on the experience and expertise of management at all levels, from vessel acquisition and financing strategy to oversight of vessel technical operations and cargo loading and discharge. The Company has a management team of senior executive officers and key employees with extensive experience and relationships in the commercial, technical, and financial areas of the drybulk shipping industry.

•Strong Alignment and Transparency.  The Company observes that many publicly traded shipping companies rely on service providers affiliated with senior management or dominant shareholders for fundamental activities. Beyond the operational benefits to its customers of integrated commercial and technical management, the Company believes that its shareholders are benefited by its strategy of performing many of those activities in-house. Related to these efforts to maximize alignment of interest, the Company believes that the associated transparency of ownership and authority will be attractive to current and prospective shareholders.

•Risk-management discipline.  The Company believes its risk management strategy allows it to reduce the sensitivity of its earnings to market changes and lower the risk of losses. The Company manages its risks primarily through short-term charter-in agreements of less than nine months, on average, through the use of forward freight agreements ("FFAs") and fuel hedges, and through modest leverage. The Company believes that shorter-term charters permit it to adjust its variable costs to match demand more rapidly than if it chartered in those vessels for longer periods. The Company may choose to manage the risks of higher rates for certain future voyages by purchasing and selling FFAs to limit the impact of changes in chartering rates. Similarly, the Company may choose to manage the risks of increasing fuel costs through bunker hedging transactions in order to limit the impact of changes in fuel prices on voyage results.

Management

The Company’s management team consists of senior executive officers and key employees with decades of experience in the commercial, technical, management and financial areas of the logistics and shipping industries. The Company’s co-founder and Chief Executive Officer, Edward Coll, has over 40 years of experience in the drybulk shipping industry. Other members of its management team and key employees, Mark Filanowski, Mads Boye Petersen, Peter Koken, Neil McLaughlin, Robert Seward, Fotis Doussopoulos, and Gianni Del Signore, also have extensive experience in the shipping industry. The Company believes its management team is well respected in the drybulk sector of the shipping industry and, over the years, has developed strong commercial relationships with industrial customers and lenders. The Company believes that the experience, reputation and background of its management team will continue to be key factors in its success.

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The Company provides logistics services and commercially manages its fleet primarily from offices in Newport, Rhode Island, Copenhagen, Denmark and Singapore. Logistics services and commercial management include identifying cargo for transportation, voyage planning, managing relationships, identifying vessels to charter in, and operating such vessels.

The Company’s Ice-Class 1A Panamax vessels are technically managed by a third-party manager with extensive expertise managing these vessel types and with ice pilotage. The technical management of the remainder of the Company’s owned fleet is performed in-house by our 51% owned joint venture, Seamar Management, S.A.. The Company’s technical management personnel have experience in the complexities of oceangoing vessel operations, including the supervision of maintenance, repairs, improvements, drydocking and crewing. The technical management for the Company’s chartered-in vessels is performed by each respective ship owner.

Operations and Assets

The Company is a service business and our customers use the services we provide because they believe the Company adds and creates value for them. To add value, the Company’s voyage charter and time charter contracts provide a wide range of logistics services beyond the traditional loading, carriage and discharge of cargoes. The Company works with certain customers to review their contractual delivery terms and conditions, permitting those customers to reduce costs and certain risks. The Company also has a customer that is heavily dependent upon a port that was insufficiently supported by port pilots for the approach to port. To permit a large expansion of its services for this client, the Company formed a separate pilots association to increase the number of available pilots and improve access to the port. Another example of value-added services is the formation of a new port in Newfoundland, Canada to load aggregate cargo for export and a temporary port used in Greenland to load the northernmost dry bulk cargo ever carried. As a result of efforts such as these, in some cases the Company is the de facto logistics department for certain clients.

The Company’s core offering is the safe, reliable, and timely loading, carriage, and discharge of cargoes for customers. This offering requires identifying customers, agreeing on the terms of service, selecting a vessel to undertake the voyage, working with port personnel to load and discharge cargo, and documenting the transfers of title upon loading or discharge of the cargo. As a result, the Company spends significant time and resources to identify and retain customers and source potential cargoes in its areas of operation. To further expand its customer base and potential cargoes, the Company has developed expertise in servicing ports and routes subject to severe ice conditions, including the Baltic Sea and the Northern Sea Route. The Company’s subsidiary, Nordic Bulk Carriers A/S (“NBC”), is an adviser to the European Commission on Arctic maritime issues.

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As of March 15, 2021, the Company operates its fleet of 17 owned or partially owned vessels, which are described in the table below: 

Vessel Name	Type	DWT	Year Built	Yard
m/v Bulk Endurance	Ultramax (Ice Class 1C)	59,450	2017	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Bulk Destiny	Ultramax (Ice Class 1C)	59,450	2017	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Nordic Oasis	Panamax (Ice Class 1A)	76,180	2016	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Nordic Olympic	Panamax (Ice Class 1A)	76,180	2015	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Nordic Odin	Panamax (Ice Class 1A)	76,180	2015	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Nordic Oshima	Panamax (Ice Class 1A)	76,180	2014	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Nordic Orion	Panamax (Ice Class 1A)	75,603	2011	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Nordic Odyssey	Panamax (Ice Class 1A)	75,603	2010	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Bulk Friendship	Supramax	58,738	2011	Nantong Cosco Kawasaki HI
m/v Bulk Independence	Supramax	56,548	2008	Yokohama
m/v Bulk Pride	Supramax	58,749	2008	Tsuneishi Group (Zhoushan) Shipbuilding Inc.
m/v Bulk Trident	Supramax	52,514	2006	Tsuneishi Heavy Industries (Cebu)
m/v Bulk Freedom	Supramax	52,454	2005	Tsuneishi Shipbuilding Co. Ltd.
m/v Bulk Newport	Supramax	52,587	2003	Shin Kurushima Toyohashi
m/v Bulk Spirit	Supramax	52,950	2009	Oshima Shipbuilding
m/v Bulk Pangaea	Panamax	70,165	1996	Sumitomo Shipbuilding
m/v Bulk PODS	Panamax	76,561	2006	Imabari SB Marugame

The Company expects to take delivery of the following vessels:

Vessel Name	Type	DWT	Year Built	Yard
m/v Bulk Courageous	Ultramax	61,393	2013	Imabari Shipbuilding Company Limited (Imabari)
m/v Bulk Promise	Panamax	78,228	2013	Shin Kurushima Toyohashi Shipbuilding Company Limited
Nordic Nuluujaak	Post Panamax	95,000	2021	Guangzhou Shipyard International Company Limited
Nordic Qinngua	Post Panamax	95,000	2021	Guangzhou Shipyard International Company Limited
Nordic Siku	Post Panamax	95,000	2021	Guangzhou Shipyard International Company Limited
Nordic Nukilik	Post Panamax	95,000	2021	Guangzhou Shipyard International Company Limited

The Company owns its vessels through separate wholly-owned subsidiaries and through joint venture entities with other owners, which the Company consolidates as variable interest entities in its consolidated financial statements.

On September 28, 2020, the Company acquired an additional one-third equity interest in its partially-owned consolidated subsidiary Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. (“NBHC”) from one of NBHC’s shareholders. The Company owns two-thirds of NBHC after the acquisition. NBHC is a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda in October 2012. The m/v Nordic Orion (“Orion”), the m/v Nordic Odyssey (“Odyssey”), the m/v Nordic Oshima (“Oshima”), the m/v Nordic Olympic (“Olympic”), the m/v Nordic Odin (“Odin”) and the m/v Nordic Oasis (“Oasis”) are owned by wholly-owned subsidiaries of NBHC. All of these vessels are chartered to NBC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, at fixed rates and also have a profit share arrangement. NBC commercially operates these vessels in spot and COA trades.

In addition to its owned fleet, the Company operates chartered-in Panamax, including post panamax and Kamsarmax, Supramax, including Ultramax, Handymax and Handysize drybulk carriers. The Company employed an average of 49 vessels at any one time during 2020 and 48 in 2019. In 2020, the Company owned interests in 17 vessels and chartered in another 213 for one or more voyages. In 2019, the Company owned interests in 20 vessels and chartered in another 177 for one or more voyages. The Company generally charters in third-party vessels for periods of less than nine months and, in most cases, less than six months. Chartered-in contracts are negotiated through third-party brokers, who are paid commission on a percentage of charter cost. The Company believes that shorter-term charters afford it flexibility to match its variable costs to its customers’ service requirements and to respond quickly to market volatility. The Company also believes that this combination of owned and chartered-in vessels helps it to more efficiently match its customer demand than the Company could with only owned vessels or an entirely chartered-in fleet.

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Corporate Structure

The Company is a holding company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda as an exempted company on April 29, 2014. The Company’s principal executives operate from the offices of its wholly-owned subsidiary Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC, which is located at 109 Long Wharf, Newport, Rhode Island 02840.The phone number at that address is (401) 846-7790. The Company also has offices in Copenhagen, Denmark, Athens, Greece and Singapore. The Company’s corporate website address is http://www.pangaeals.com.

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As of March 15, 2021, the Company’s significant subsidiaries are as follows: 

Company Name	Country of Organization	Proportion of Ownership Interest
Americas Bulk Transport (BVI) Limited	British Virgin Islands	100%	(A)
Phoenix Bulk Management Bermuda Limited	Bermuda	100%	(B)
Phoenix Bulk Carriers (BVI) Limited (“PBC”)	British Virgin Islands	100%	(C)
Bulk Ocean Shipping Company (Bermuda) Ltd.	Bermuda	100%	(D)
Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC	Delaware	100%	(E)
Allseas Logistics Bermuda Ltd.	Bermuda	100%	(F)
Bulk Patriot Ltd. (“Bulk Patriot”)	Bermuda	100%	(G)
Bulk Juliana Ltd. (“Bulk Juliana”)	Bermuda	100%	(G)
Bulk Trident Ltd. (“Bulk Trident”)	Bermuda	100%	(G)
Nordic Bulk Barents Ltd. (“Bulk Barents”)	Bermuda	100%	(G)
Nordic Bulk Bothnia Ltd. (“Bulk Bothnia”)	Bermuda	100%	(G)
Nordic Bulk Carriers A/S (“NBC”)	Denmark	100%	(H)
Nordic Bulk Ventures (Cyprus) Limited ("NBV")	Cyprus	100%	(H)
109 Long Wharf LLC (“Long Wharf”)	Delaware	100%	(I)
Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd. (“Bulk Odyssey”)	Bermuda	67%	(J)
Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. (“Bulk Orion”)	Bermuda	67%	(J)
Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. (“Bulk Oshima”)	Bermuda	67%	(J)
Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd. (“Bulk Odin”)	Bermuda	67%	(J)
Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. (“Bulk Olympic”)	Bermuda	67%	(J)
Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. (“Bulk Oasis”)	Bermuda	67%	(J)
Bulk Nordic Odyssey Corp. (MI)	Marshall Islands	67%	(K)
Bulk Nordic Orion Corp. (MI)	Marshall Islands	67%	(K)
Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. (“NBHC”)	Bermuda	67%	(L)
Bulk Courageous Corp. ("Bulk Courageous")	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Nordic Five Ltd. (“Five”)	Bermuda	100%	(G)
Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. (“Six”)	Bermuda	100%	(G)
Bulk Nordic Seven LLC (“Seven”)	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Nordic Eight LLC (“Eight”)	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Nordic Nine LLC (“Nine”)	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Nordic Ten LLC (“Ten”)	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Nordic Bulk Partners LLC (“NBP”)	Marshall Islands	75%	(M)
Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd. (“BVH”)	Bermuda	100%	(A)
Bulk Freedom Corp. ("Bulk Freedom")	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Pride Corp. ("Bulk Pride")	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Independence Corp. ("Bulk Independence")	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Friendship Corp. ("Bulk Friendship")	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Beothuk Corp. (“Bulk Beothuk”)	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Venture Logistics NL Inc. ("VLNL")	Canada	50%	(N)
Flintstone Ventures Limited ("FVL")	Newfoundland and Labrador	100%	(O)
Seamar Management S.A.	Greece	51%	(P)
Bulk PODS Ltd. (Bulk PODS")	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Bulk Spirit Ltd. ("Bulk Spirit")	Marshall Islands	100%	(G)
Nordic Bulk Carriers Singapore Pte. Ltd.	Singapore	100%	(H)
Narragansett Bulk Carriers (US) Corp.	Rhode Island	100%	(H)
Patriot Stevedoring & Logistics, LLC	Massachusetts	50%	(Q)
Bay Stevedoring LLC	Delaware	100%	(R)
Pangaea Logistics Solutions (US) LLC	Delaware	100%	(S)
King George Slag LLC ("KGS")	Delaware	25%	(T)

 

(A)The primary purpose of this corporation is to manage and operate ocean going vessels.

(B)The primary purpose of this entity is to perform certain administrative management functions that have been assigned by PBC.

(C)The primary purpose of this corporation is to provide logistics services to customers by chartering, managing and operating ships.

(D)The primary purpose of this corporation is to manage the fuel procurement for all vessels.

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(E)The primary purpose of this corporation is to act as the U.S. administrative agent for the Company.

(F)The primary purpose of this corporation is to act as the treasury agent for the Company.

(G)The primary purpose of these entities is owning bulk carriers.

(H)The primary purpose of these entities is to provide logistics services to customers by chartering, managing and operating ships. NBV is the holding company of NBC.

(I)Long Wharf is a limited liability company duly organized under the laws of Delaware for the purpose of holding real estate located in Newport, Rhode Island.

(J)The primary purpose of these entities is owning bulk carriers. These companies are wholly-owned by NBHC, which is two-third owned by the Company.

(K)The primary purpose of this entity is to transfer ownership of the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion.

(L)The primary purpose of this entity is to own or lease bulk carriers through wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company’s interest in Bulk Odyssey, Bulk Orion, Bulk Oshima, Bulk Olympic, Bulk Odin and Bulk Oasis is through its interest in NBHC.

(M)The primary purpose of this entity is to own or lease bulk carriers through wholly-owned subsidiaries.

(N)The primary purpose of VLNL is to own and operate the deck barge Miss Nora G. Pearl.

(O)The primary purpose of FVL is the carriage of specialized cargo.

(P)This entity is the technical manager of 11 vessels owned and operated by the Company.

(Q)The primary purpose of the company is to manage and operate the Brayton Point Commerce Center Marine Terminal.

(R)The primary purpose of the company is to manage and operate a port terminal in Louisiana.

(S)The primary purpose of the company is to manage U.S.-based business activities.

(T)The primary purpose of the company is to buy, sell, and distribute cement and cement related materials and general construction aggregates.

Crewing and Employees

Each of our vessels is crewed with 20-25 independently contracted officers and crew members and, on certain vessels, directly contracted officers. Our technical managers are responsible for locating, contracting and retaining qualified officers for its vessels. The crewing agencies handle each crew member’s training, travel and payroll, and ensure that all the crew members on its vessels have the qualifications and licenses required to comply with international regulations and shipping conventions. The Company typically has more crew members on board than are required by the country of the vessel’s flag in order to allow for the performance of routine maintenance duties.

The Company employs approximately 70 shore-based personnel and had approximately 375 independently contracted seagoing personnel on its owned vessels. The shore-based personnel are employed in the United States, Athens, Copenhagen and Singapore.

Competition

The Company operates in markets that are highly competitive and based primarily on supply and demand for ocean transport of drybulk commodities. The Company competes for COAs on the basis of service, price, route history, size, age and condition of the vessel and for charters on the basis of service, price, vessel availability, size, age and condition of the vessel, as well as on its reputation as an owner and operator. The Company principally competes with owners and operators of Panamax, Supramax, Ultramax and Handymax bulk carriers. The Company attempts to differentiate itself from other owners and operators by extending its services to support more of its customers' supply chains.

Seasonality

Demand for vessel capacity has historically exhibited seasonal variations and, as a result, fluctuations in charter rates. This seasonality may result in quarter-to-quarter volatility in the Company's operating results. The dry bulk carrier market is typically stronger in the fall months in anticipation of increased consumption of coal and other raw materials in the northern hemisphere during the winter months. In addition, unpredictable weather patterns in these months tend to disrupt vessel scheduling and supplies of certain commodities. The Company may earn higher margins on ice-class business in winter and during severe ice trading.

Permits and Authorizations

The Company is required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain certain permits and certificates with respect to its vessels. The kinds of permits and certificates required depend upon several factors, including the commodity transported, the waters in which the vessel operates, the nationality of the vessel’s crew and the age of the vessel. The Company has been able to obtain all permits and certificates currently required to permit its vessels to operate. Additional laws and regulations, environmental or otherwise, may be adopted which could limit its ability to do business or increase the cost of doing business.

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Environmental and Other Regulations

Government regulation significantly affects the ownership and operation of the Company's vessels. The Company is subject to international conventions and treaties, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the countries in which its vessels may operate or are registered. These regulations relate to safety, health and environmental protection including the storage, handling, emission, transportation and discharge of hazardous and non-hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination and liability for damage to natural resources. Compliance with such laws, regulations and other requirements entails significant expense, including vessel modifications and implementation of certain operating procedures.

A variety of government and private entities subject the Company’s vessels to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These entities include the local port authorities (such as the U.S. Coast Guard, harbor master or equivalent), classification societies, flag state administrations (countries of registry), charterers and terminal operators. Certain of these entities require them to obtain permits, certificates or approvals for the operation of its vessels. Failure to maintain necessary permits, certificates or approvals could require it to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspend the operation of one or more of its vessels.

The Company believes that the heightened level of environmental and quality concerns among insurance underwriters, regulators, the United Nations and other governments, and charterers is leading to greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout the dry bulk shipping industry. Increasing environmental concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to the stricter environmental standards. The Company is required to maintain operating standards for all of its vessels that emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of its officers and crews and compliance with United States and international regulations. The Company believes that the operation of its vessels is in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and that its vessels have all material permits, certificates or other approvals necessary for the conduct of its operations as of the date of this Form 10-K. However, because such laws and regulations are frequently changed and may impose increasingly strict requirements, the Company cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with these requirements, or the impact of these requirements on the resale value or useful lives of its vessels. In addition, a future serious marine incident that results in significant oil pollution or otherwise causes significant adverse environmental impact could result in additional legislation or regulation that could negatively affect the Company’s profitability.

The laws and regulations discussed below may not constitute a comprehensive list of all such laws and regulations that are applicable to the operation of its vessels.

International Maritime Organization

The United Nations’ International Maritime Organization, or the IMO, has adopted the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (collectively referred to as MARPOL 73/78 and herein as “MARPOL”). MARPOL entered into force on October 2, 1983. It has been adopted by over 150 nations, including many of the jurisdictions in which the Company's vessels operate. MARPOL sets forth pollution-prevention requirements applicable to drybulk carriers, among other vessels, and is broken into six Annexes, each of which regulates a different source of pollution. Annex I relates to oil leakage or spilling; Annexes II and III relate to harmful substances carried, in bulk, in liquid or packaged form, respectively; and Annexes IV and V relate to sewage and garbage management, respectively. Annex VI, separately adopted by the IMO in September of 1997, relates to air emissions. New

emissions standards, titled IMO-2020, took effect on January 1, 2020.

Air Emissions

In September of 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to MARPOL to address air pollution. Effective May 2005, Annex VI sets limits on nitrogen oxide emissions from ships whose diesel engines were constructed (or underwent major conversions) on or after January 1, 2000. It also prohibits “deliberate emissions” of “ozone depleting substances,” defined to include certain halons and chlorofluorocarbons. Deliberate emissions are not limited to times when the ship is at sea; they can for example include discharges occurring in the course of the ship’s repair and maintenance. Emissions of “volatile organic compounds” from certain tankers, and the shipboard incineration (from incinerators installed after January 1, 2000) of certain substances (such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) are also prohibited. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil (see below).

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The IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee, or MEPC, adopted amendments to Annex VI on October 10, 2008, which amendments were entered into force on July 1, 2010. The Amended Annex VI seeks to further reduce air pollution by, among other things, implementing a progressive reduction of the amount of sulphur contained in any fuel oil used onboard ships. On October 27, 2016, at its 70th session, the MEPC agreed to implement a global 0.5% m/m sulfur oxide emissions limit (reduced from 3.50%) starting from January 1, 2020. This limitation can be met by using low-sulfur compliant fuel oil, alternative fuels, or certain exhaust gas cleaning systems. Ships are now required to obtain bunker delivery notes and International Air Pollution Prevention (“IAPP”) Certificates from their flag states that specify sulfur content. Additionally, at MEPC 73, amendments to Annex VI to prohibit the carriage of bunkers above 0.5% Sulphur on ships were adopted and will  take effect March 1, 2020, with the exception of vessels fitted with exhaust gas cleaning equipment ("scrubbers") which can carry fuel of higher sulfur content. These regulations subject ocean-going vessels to stringent emissions controls, and may cause us to incur substantial costs, including those related to the purchase, installation and operation of scrubbers and the purchase of compliant fuel oil.

Beginning January 1, 2015, ships operating within an emission control area ("ECA") were not permitted to use fuel with sulfur content in excess of 0.1% (from 1.0%). Amended Annex VI establishes procedures for designating new ECAs. Currently, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, certain coastal areas of North America and areas of the United States Caribbean Sea adjacent to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are designated ECAs. Ocean-going vessels in these areas are subject to stringent emissions controls, which may cause the Company to incur additional costs. If other ECAs are approved by the IMO or other new or more stringent requirements relating to emissions from marine diesel engines or port operations by vessels are adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA"), or the states where the Company operates, compliance with these regulations could entail significant capital expenditures or otherwise increase the costs of operations.

As of January 1, 2013, MARPOL made certain measures relating to energy efficiency for ships mandatory. It makes the Energy Efficiency Design Index, or EEDI, applicable to new ships and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan, or SEEMP, applicable to all ships.

Amended Annex VI also establishes tiers of stringent nitrogen oxide emissions standards for new marine engines, depending on their date of installation.

The IMO has drafted regulations to help meet its goals for decreased industry contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. These regulations, if passed by the IMO’s Marine Enforcement Protection Committee in June, 2021, will become effective January 1, 2023. The effect of these regulations on the maritime industry in general, and the Company’s fleet in particular, is under study. Preliminary indications identify that a significant proportion of ships of all types do not meet the regulations and that structural or operational changes will be necessary to do so. This may require additional investment in ship technology or limiting power output of engines which may reduce the speed at which voyages are performed, reducing efficiencies. It may also lead to tighter supply of ships because of the reduced efficiencies, or scrapping of vessels deemed too inefficient to continue operating.

Safety Management System Requirements

The IMO also adopted the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, or SOLAS, and the International Convention on Load Lines, or the LL Convention, which impose a variety of standards that regulate the design and operational features of ships. The IMO periodically revises the SOLAS and LL Convention standards. May 2012 SOLAS amendments entered into force as of January 1, 2014.

The operation of the Company’s ships is also affected by the requirements set forth in Chapter IX of SOLAS, which sets forth the IMO’s International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention, or the ISM Code. The ISM Code requires ship owners and ship managers to develop and maintain an extensive Safety Management System ("SMS"), that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. The Company relies upon the safety management system that the Company and its technical managers have developed for compliance with the ISM Code. The failure of a ship owner to comply with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. As of the date of this filing, each of its vessels is ISM code-certified.

The ISM Code requires that vessel operators obtain a safety management certificate, or SMC, for each vessel they operate. This certificate evidences compliance by a vessel’s operators with the ISM Code requirements for an SMS. No vessel can obtain an SMC under the ISM Code unless its manager has been awarded a document of compliance, or DOC, issued in most instances by the vessel's flag state. The Company’s appointed ship managers have obtained documents of compliance for their offices and

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safety management certificates for all of its vessels for which the certificates are required by the IMO. The document of compliance, or the DOC, and ship management certificate, or the SMC, are renewed as required.

Furthermore, recent action by the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee and United States agencies indicates that cybersecurity regulations for the maritime industry are likely to be further developed in the near future in an attempt to combat cybersecurity threats. For example, cyber-risk management systems must be incorporated by ship-owners and managers by 2021.

This might cause companies to create additional procedures for monitoring cybersecurity, which could require additional expenses and/or capital expenditures. The impact of such regulations is hard to predict at this time.

The IMO continues to review and introduce new regulations. It is impossible to predict what additional regulations, if any, may be passed by the IMO and what effect, if any, such regulations might have on the Company’s operations.

Pollution Control and Liability Requirements

The IMO has negotiated international conventions that impose liability for pollution in international waters and the territorial waters of the signatories to such conventions. For example, the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, or the BWM Convention, in February 2004. The BWM Convention's implementing regulations call for a phased introduction of mandatory ballast water exchange requirements, to be replaced in time with mandatory concentration limits. The BWM Convention entered into force on September 8, 2017 at which time mid-ocean ballast exchange or ballast water treatment systems became mandatory. The Company’s vessels will be required to be equipped with a ballast water treatment system that meets mandatory concentration limits not later than the first intermediate or renewal survey, whichever occurs first, after the anniversary date of delivery of the vessel in 2014, for vessels with ballast water capacity of 1500 – 5000 cubic meters, or after such date in 2016, for vessels with ballast water capacity of greater than 5000 cubic meters. The cost of compliance with these requirements may be material. The Company's newer fleet of Ice-Class vessels were equipped with these systems when delivered from the shipyard.

The IMO adopted the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, or the Bunker Convention, to impose strict liability on ship owners for pollution damage in jurisdictional waters of ratifying states caused by discharges of bunker fuel. The Bunker Convention requires registered owners of ships over 1,000 gross tons to maintain insurance for pollution damage in an amount equal to the limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitation regime (but not exceeding the amount calculated in accordance with the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims of 1976, as amended). With respect to non-ratifying states, liability for spills or releases of oil carried as fuel in ship’s bunkers typically is determined by the national or other domestic laws in the jurisdiction where the events or damages occur.

Noncompliance with the ISM Code or other IMO regulations may subject the Company to increased liability, lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels or result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. As of the date of this report, each of the Company’s vessels is ISM Code certified. However, there can be no assurance that such certificate will be maintained.

International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters

The IMO in November 2014 adopted the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (the “Polar Code”), and related amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (“SOLAS”) to make it mandatory.

The date of entry into force of the SOLAS amendments is January 1, 2017, under the tacit acceptance procedure. It will apply to new ships constructed after that date. Ships constructed before January 1, 2017 are required to meet the relevant requirements of the Polar Code by the first intermediate or renewal survey, whichever occurs first, after January 1, 2018.

The Polar Code will be mandatory under both SOLAS and MARPOL because it contains both safety and environment related provisions. In October 2014, IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (“MEPC”) approved the necessary draft amendments to make the environmental provisions in the Polar Code mandatory under MARPOL. The MEPC adopted the Polar Code and associated MARPOL amendments in May 2015, with an entry-into-force date to be aligned with the SOLAS amendments.

The U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990, ("OPA"), established an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects all “owners and operators” whose vessels trade with the United States, its

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territories and possessions or whose vessels operate in United States waters, which includes the United States’ territorial sea and its 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone around the United States. The United States has also enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, which applies to the discharge of hazardous substances other than oil, whether on land or at sea. OPA and CERCLA both define “owner and operator” in the case of a vessel as any person owning, operating or chartering by demise, the vessel. Both OPA and CERCLA impact the Company’s operations.

Under OPA, vessel owners and operators are “responsible parties” and are jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil from their vessels. OPA defines these other damages broadly to include:

•injury to, destruction or loss of, or loss of use of, natural resources and related assessment costs;

•injury to, or economic losses resulting from, the destruction of real and personal property;

•net loss of taxes, royalties, rents, fees or net profit revenues resulting from injury, destruction or loss of real or personal property, or natural resources;

•loss of subsistence use of natural resources that are injured, destroyed or lost;

•lost profits or impairment of earning capacity due to injury, destruction or loss of real or personal property or natural resources; and

•net cost of increased or additional public services necessitated by removal activities following a discharge of oil, such as protection from fire, safety or health hazards, and loss of subsistence use of natural resources.

OPA contains statutory caps on liability and damages; such caps do not apply to direct cleanup costs. Effective December 31, 2015, the U.S. Coast Guard adjusted the limits of OPA liability for non-tank vessels (e.g. drybulk) to the greater of $1,200 per gross ton or $997,100 (subject to periodic adjustment for inflation). These limits of liability do not apply if an incident was proximately caused by the violation of an applicable U.S. federal safety, construction or operating regulation by a responsible party (or its agent, employee or a person acting pursuant to a contractual relationship), or a responsible party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. The limitation on liability similarly does not apply if the responsible party fails or refuses to (i) report the incident where the responsibility party knows or has reason to know of the incident; (ii) reasonably cooperate and assist as requested in connection with oil removal activities; or (iii) without sufficient cause, comply with an order issued under the Federal Water Pollution Act (Section 311 (c), (e)) or the Intervention on the High Seas Act.

CERCLA contains a similar liability regime whereby owners and operators of vessels are liable for cleanup, removal and remedial costs, as well as damages for injury to, or destruction or loss of, natural resources, including the reasonable costs associated with assessing same, and health assessments or health effects studies. There is no liability if the discharge of a hazardous substance results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war. Liability under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $5.0 million for vessels carrying a hazardous substance as cargo and the greater of $300 per gross ton or $500,000 for any other vessel. These limits do not apply (rendering the responsible person liable for the total cost of response and damages) if the release or threat of release of a hazardous substance resulted from willful misconduct or negligence, or the primary cause of the release was a violation of applicable safety, construction or operating standards or regulations. The limitation on liability also does not apply if the responsible person fails or refused to provide all reasonable cooperation and assistance as requested in connection with response activities where the vessel is subject to OPA.

OPA and CERCLA both require owners and operators of vessels to establish and maintain with the U.S. Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to meet the maximum amount of liability to which the particular responsible person may be subject. Vessel owners and operators may satisfy their financial responsibility obligations by providing a proof of insurance, a surety bond, qualification as a self-insurer or a guarantee.

Incidents such as the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico may result in additional regulatory initiatives or statutes, including the raising of liability caps under OPA (which were raised on December 31, 2015). Compliance with any new requirements of OPA may substantially impact the Company’s cost of operations or require it to incur additional expenses to comply with any new regulatory initiatives or statutes. Additional legislation or regulations applicable to the operation of its vessels that may be implemented in the future could adversely affect its business.

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The Company currently maintains pollution liability coverage insurance in the amount of $1.0 billion per incident for each of the Company’s vessels. If the damages from a catastrophic spill were to exceed the Company’s insurance coverage it could have an adverse effect on its business and results of operation.

OPA specifically permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries, provided they accept, at a minimum, the levels of liability established under OPA and some states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for oil spills. In some cases, states which have enacted such legislation have not yet issued implementing regulations defining vessel owners’ responsibilities under these laws. The Company intends to comply with all applicable state regulations in the ports where its vessels call. The Company believes that it is in substantial compliance with all applicable existing state requirements. In addition, the Company intends to comply with all future applicable state regulations in the ports where its vessels call.

Other Environmental Initiatives

The U.S. Clean Water Act, or CWA, prohibits the discharge of oil, hazardous substances and ballast water in U.S. navigable waters unless authorized by a duly-issued permit or exemption, and imposes strict liability in the form of penalties for any unauthorized discharges. The CWA also imposes substantial liability for the costs of removal, remediation and damages, and complements the remedies available under OPA and CERCLA. Furthermore, many U.S. states that border a navigable waterway have enacted environmental pollution laws that impose strict liability on a person for removal costs and damages resulting from a discharge of oil or a release of a hazardous substance. These laws may be more stringent than U.S. federal law.

The EPA and the USCG have also enacted rules relating to ballast water discharge, compliance with which requires the installation of equipment on our vessels to treat ballast water before it is discharged or the implementation of other port facility disposal arrangements or procedures at potentially substantial costs, and/or otherwise restrict our vessels from entering U.S. Waters.  The EPA will regulate these ballast water discharges and other discharges incidental to the normal operation of certain vessels within United States waters pursuant to the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act (“VIDA”), which was signed into law on December 4, 2018 and replaces the 2013 Vessel General Permit (“VGP”) program (which authorizes discharges incidental to operations of commercial vessels and contains numeric ballast water discharge limits for most vessels to reduce the risk of invasive species in U.S. waters, stringent requirements for exhaust gas scrubbers, and requirements for the use of environmentally acceptable lubricants) and current Coast Guard ballast water management regulations adopted under the U.S. National Invasive Species Act (“NISA”), such as mid-ocean ballast exchange programs and installation of approved USCG technology for all vessels equipped with ballast water tanks bound for U.S. ports or entering U.S. waters.  VIDA establishes a new framework for the regulation of vessel incidental discharges under Clean Water Act (CWA), requires the EPA to develop performance standards for those discharges within two years of enactment, and requires the U.S. Coast Guard to develop implementation, compliance, and enforcement regulations within two years of EPA’s promulgation of standards.  Under VIDA, all provisions of the 2013 VGP and USCG regulations regarding ballast water treatment remain in force and effect until the EPA and U.S. Coast Guard regulations are finalized.  Non-military, non-recreational vessels greater than 79 feet in length must continue to comply with the requirements of the VGP, including submission of a Notice of Intent (“NOI”) or retention of a PARI form and submission of annual reports. We have submitted NOIs for our vessels where required. On October 26, 2020,

the EPA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for Vessel Incidental Discharge National Standards of Performance under

VIDA. By approximately 2022, the U.S. Coast Guard must develop corresponding implementation, compliance and enforcement regulations regarding ballast water.   Compliance with the EPA, U.S. Coast Guard and state regulations could require the installation of ballast water treatment equipment on our vessels or the implementation of other port facility disposal procedures at potentially substantial cost, or may otherwise restrict our vessels from entering U.S. waters. 

European Union Regulations

In October 2009, the European Union amended a directive to impose criminal sanctions for illicit ship-source discharges of polluting substances, including minor discharges, if committed with intent, recklessly or with serious negligence and the discharges, individually or in the aggregate, result in deterioration of the quality of water. Aiding and abetting the discharge of a polluting substance may also lead to criminal penalties. Member States were required to enact laws or regulations to comply with the directive by the end of 2010. Criminal liability for pollution may result in substantial penalties or fines and increased civil liability claims. The directive applies to all types of vessels, irrespective of their flag, but certain exceptions apply to warships or where human safety or that of the ship is in danger.

The European Union has adopted several regulations and directives requiring, among other things, more frequent inspections of high-risk ships, as determined by type, age, and flag as well as the number of times the ship has been detained. The European Union also adopted and then extended a ban on substandard ships and enacted a minimum ban period and a definitive ban for

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repeated offenses. The regulation also provided the European Union with greater authority and control over classification societies, by imposing more requirements on classification societies and providing for fines or penalty payments for organizations that failed to comply.

With effect from January 1, 2010, Directive 2005/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of July 6, 2005, amending Directive 1999/32/EC came into force. The objective of the directive is to reduce emission of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter caused by the combustion of certain petroleum derived fuels.

The directive imposes limits on the sulfur content of such fuels as a condition of their use within a Member State territory. The maximum sulfur content for marine fuels used by inland waterway vessels and ships at berth in ports in EU countries after January 1, 2010, is 0.1% by mass. As of January 1, 2015, all vessels operating within ECAs, worldwide must comply with 0.1% sulfur requirements. Currently, the only grade of fuel meeting 0.1% sulfur content requirement is low sulfur marine gas oil, or LSMGO. As of July 1, 2010, the reduction of applicable sulfur content limits in the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the English Channel Sulfur Control Areas is 0.1%. As of January 2020, EU member states must also ensure that ships in all EU waters, except the Emission Control Area, use fuels with a 0.5% maximum sulfur content. The Company does not expect that it will be required to modify any of its vessels to meet any of the foregoing low sulfur fuel requirements.

On September 15, 2020, the European Parliament voted to include greenhouse gas emissions from the maritime sector in the European Union’s carbon market from 2022. This will require shipowners to buy permits to cover these emissions. Contingent on another formal approval vote, specific regulations are forthcoming and are expected to be proposed in 2021.

Greenhouse Gas Regulation

In July 2011, MEPC adopted two new sets of mandatory requirements to address greenhouse gas emissions from ships, which entered into force in January 2013. Currently operating ships are required to have a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan ("SEEMP") on board, and minimum energy efficiency levels per capacity mile, outlined in the Energy Efficiency Design Index ("EEDI"), apply to new ships. These requirements could cause the Company to incur additional compliance costs. The European Union has indicated that it intends to propose an expansion of the existing European Union emissions trading scheme to include emissions of greenhouse gases from marine vessels, and in January 2012 the European Commission launched a public consultation on possible measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships. In the United States, the EPA has issued a finding that greenhouse gases endanger the public health and safety and has adopted regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions from certain mobile sources and large stationary sources. Although the mobile source emissions regulations do not apply to greenhouse gas emissions from vessels, such regulation of vessels is foreseeable, and the EPA has in recent years received petitions from the California Attorney General and various environmental groups seeking such regulation. Any passage of climate control legislation or other regulatory initiatives by the IMO, European Union, the U.S. or other countries where the Company operates, or any treaty adopted at the international level to succeed the Kyoto Protocol, that restrict emissions of greenhouse gases could require the Company to make significant financial expenditures which the Company cannot predict with certainty at this time.

Vessel Security Regulations

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States, there have been a variety of initiatives intended to enhance vessel security such as the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or MTSA. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, in July 2003, the U.S. Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The regulations also impose requirements on certain ports and facilities, some of which are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA.

Similarly, in December 2002, amendments to SOLAS created a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically with maritime security. The new Chapter V became effective in July 2004 and imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities, and mandates compliance with the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code, or the ISPS Code. The ISPS Code is designed to enhance the security of ports and ships against terrorism. To trade internationally, a vessel must attain an International Ship Security Certificate, or ISSC, from a recognized security organization approved by the vessel’s flag state. Among the various requirements are:

•on-board installation of automatic identification systems to provide a means for the automatic transmission of safety-related information from among similarly equipped ships and shore stations, including information on a ship’s identity, position, course, speed and navigational status;

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•on-board installation of ship security alert systems, which do not sound on the vessel but only alert the authorities on shore;

•the development of vessel security plans;

•ship identification number to be permanently marked on a vessel’s hull;

•a continuous synopsis record kept onboard showing a vessel’s history including the name of the ship, the state whose flag the ship is entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that state, the ship’s identification number, the port at which the ship is registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their registered address; and

•compliance with flag state security certification requirements.

Ships operating without a valid certificate may be detained at port until it obtains an ISSC, or it may be expelled from port, or refused entry at port.

Furthermore, additional security measures could be required in the future which could have a significant financial impact on the Company. The U.S. Coast Guard regulations, intended to be aligned with international maritime security standards, exempt non-U.S. vessels from MTSA vessel security measures, provided such vessels have on board a valid ISSC that attests to the vessel's compliance with SOLAS security requirements and the ISPS Code.

The Company intends to implement the various security measures addressed by MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code, and the Company intends that its fleet will comply with applicable security requirements. The Company has implemented the various security measures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code.

International Labor Organization

The International Labor Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the UN with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The ILO has adopted the Maritime Labor Convention 2006, or MLC 2006. A Maritime Labor Certificate and a Declaration of Maritime Labor Compliance is required to ensure compliance with the MLC 2006 for all ships above 500 gross tons in international trade. The MLC 2006 entered into force on August 20, 2013. Amendments to MLC 2006 entered into force on January 18, 2017. Ships that are subject to the MLC will, after this date, be required to display certificates issued by an insurer or other financial security provider confirming that insurance or other financial security is in place for the cost and expense of crew repatriation, as well as up to four months contractually entitled arrears of wages and entitlements following abandonment.  Amendments also require a certificate for liabilities for contractual claims arising from seafarer personal injury, disability or death. The Company’s vessels are in full compliance with its requirements.

Inspection by Classification Societies

Every oceangoing vessel must be “classed” by a classification society. The classification society certifies that the vessel is “in class,” signifying that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessel's country of registry and the international conventions of which that country is a member. In addition, where surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances of a flag state, the classification society will undertake them on application or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities concerned.

The classification society also undertakes, as requested, other surveys that may be required by the vessel's flag state. These surveys are subject to agreements made with the vessel owner and/or to the regulations of the country concerned.

For maintenance of the class certification, annual, intermediate and special surveys of hull and machinery, including the electrical plant, and any special equipment, are required to be performed as follows:

•Annual Surveys:  For seagoing ships, annual surveys are conducted within three months, before or after each anniversary of the class period indicated in the certificate.

•Intermediate Surveys:  Extended surveys are referred to as intermediate surveys and are typically conducted two and one-half years after commissioning, and two and one-half years after each class renewal. Intermediate surveys are to be carried out at or between the occasion of the second or third annual survey.

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•Class Renewal Surveys:  Class renewal surveys, also known as special surveys, are carried out at the intervals indicated by the character of classification for the hull. At the special survey, the vessel is thoroughly examined, including audio-gauging to determine the thickness of the steel structures. If the steel thickness is found to be less than class requirements, the classification society would prescribe steel renewals which require drydocking of the vessel. The classification society may grant a one-year grace period for completion of the special survey. Substantial costs may be incurred for steel renewal in order to pass a special survey if the vessel experiences excessive wear and tear. In lieu of the special survey every four or five years, depending on whether a grace period was granted, a shipowner has the option of arranging with the classification society for the vessel’s hull or machinery to be on a continuous survey cycle, in which case every part of the vessel would be surveyed on a continuous five-year cycle. This process is referred to as continuous class renewal.

All areas subject to survey, as defined by the classification society, are required to be surveyed at least once per class period unless shorter intervals between surveys are prescribed elsewhere. The period between two subsequent surveys of each area must not exceed five years.

Most vessels undergo regulatory inspection of the underwater parts every 30 to 36 months. If any defects are found, the classification surveyor will issue a recommendation which must be rectified by the ship owner within prescribed time limits.

The Company expects to perform five special survey in 2021 at an aggregate total cost of approximately $6.3 million. The Company expects to perform three intermediate surveys in 2021 at an aggregate total cost of approximately $1.4 million. The Company estimates that offhire related to the surveys and related repair work is ten to twenty days per vessel, depending on the size and condition of the vessel.

Most insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance coverage that a vessel be certified as “in class” by a classification society which is a member of the International Association of Classification Societies. All of the Company’s vessels are certified by Det Norske Veritas, Nippon Kaiji Kiokai or Bureau Veritas. All new and second-hand vessels that the Company purchases must be certified prior to delivery under its standard purchase contracts, referred to as the memorandum of agreement or ship building contracts. Certification of second-hand vessels must be verified by a Class Maintenance Certificate issued within 72 hours prior to delivery. If the vessel is not certified on the date of closing, the Company has the option to cancel the agreement on the basis of Seller’s default, and not take delivery of the vessel.

Risk of Loss and Insurance

General

The operation of any dry bulk vessel includes risks such as mechanical failure, collision, property loss, cargo loss or damage, and business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities and labor strikes. In addition, there is an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including oil spills (e.g. fuel oil) and other environmental incidents, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating vessels in international trade. OPA, which imposes virtually unlimited liability for certain oil pollution accidents upon owners, operators and demise charterers of vessels trading in the United States exclusive economic zone, has made liability insurance more expensive for ship owners and operators trading in the U.S. market.

The Company maintains hull and machinery insurance, war risks insurance, protection and indemnity cover and freight, demurrage and defense cover for its owned fleet at amounts it believes address the normal risks of its operations. The Company may not be able to maintain this level of coverage throughout a vessel’s useful life. Furthermore, while the Company believes that its current insurance coverage is adequate, not all risks can be insured, and there can be no guarantee that any specific claim will be paid, or that the Company will always be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.

Hull & Machinery and War Risks Insurance

The Company maintains marine hull and machinery and war risks insurances, which cover the risk of actual or constructive total loss, for all of its vessels. Vessels are insured for their fair market value, at a minimum, with a deductible of $100,000 per vessel per incident.

Protection and Indemnity Insurance

Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual indemnity insurance provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or P&I Associations, which insure the Company’s third party liabilities in connection with its shipping activities. This includes third-party liability and other related expenses resulting from the injury, illness or death of crew, passengers and other third parties, the loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party

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property, pollution arising from oil or other substances and salvage, towing and other related costs, including wreck removal. Subject to the “capping” discussed below, the Company’s coverage, except for pollution, is unlimited.

The Company’s current protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is $1.0 billion per vessel per incident. The thirteen P&I Associations that comprise the International Group insure approximately 90% of the world’s commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association’s liabilities. As a member of a P&I Association, which is a member of the International Group, the Company is subject to calls payable to the associations based on the group’s claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations and members of the pool of P&I Associations comprising the International Group.

Exchange Controls

The Company is an exempted company organized under the Bermuda Companies Act. The Bermuda Companies Act differs in some material respects from laws generally applicable to United States companies and their stockholders. However, a general permission issued by the Bermuda Monetary Authority, ("BMA"), results in the Company’s common shares being freely transferable among persons who are residents and non-residents of Bermuda. Each shareholder, whether a resident or non-resident of Bermuda, is entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by the shareholder.

Although the Company is incorporated in Bermuda, the Company is classified as a non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes by the BMA. Other than transferring Bermuda Dollars out of Bermuda, there are no restrictions on its ability to transfer funds into and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends in currency other than Bermuda Dollars to U.S. residents (or other non-residents of Bermuda) who are holders of its common shares.

In accordance with Bermuda law, share certificates may be issued only in the names of corporations, individuals or legal persons. In the case of an applicant acting in a special capacity (for example, as an executor or trustee), certificates may, at the request of the applicant, record the capacity in which the applicant is acting. Notwithstanding the recording of any such special capacity, the Company is not bound to investigate or incur any responsibility in respect of the proper administration of any such estate or trust.

The Company will take no notice of any trust applicable to any of its shares or other securities whether or not the Company had notice of such trust.

INDUSTRY AND MARKET CONDITIONS

Market Overview

Ocean going vessels represent the most efficient and often the only means of transporting large volumes of dry cargo over long distances. Dry bulk cargo includes both major and minor commodities such as coal, iron ore, grain, bauxite, cement clinker, and limestone. Dry bulk trade is influenced by the underlying demand for the dry bulk commodities which in turn is influenced by the level of global economic activity.

The world’s fleet of vessels dedicated to carrying dry bulk cargoes is traditionally divided into six major categories, based on a vessel’s cargo carrying capacity. These categories are: Handysize, Supramax, Ultramax, Panamax, Capesize and Very Large Ore Carrier. Certain routes and geographies are less accessible to certain vessel sizes. For example, Panamax and Supramax vessels are the main dry bulk vessel types deployed in the Baltic due to draft restrictions. Similarly, these vessels tend to be deployed on the Northern Sea Route (NSR) along the coast of Russia.

Dry bulk vessels are employed through a number of different chartering options. The most common are time charters, spot charters, and voyage charters. Historically, charter rates have been volatile as they are driven by the underlying balance between vessel supply and demand. Ice class vessels, when operating in ice-bound areas, usually command a rate premium to conventional trades.

Dry Bulk Shipping — the Main Participants

In the dry bulk shipping industry there are multiple functions, with individual parties carrying out one or more of such functions. In general, the principal functions within dry bulk shipping are as follows:

•Ship Owner or Registered Owner — Generally, this is an entity retaining the legal title of ownership over a vessel.

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•Ship Operator — Generally, this is an entity seeking to generate profit either through the chartering of ships (owned or chartered-in) to others, or from the transportation of cargoes. Entities focusing on the transportation of cargoes may engage in chartering of ships to other entities, but those companies focusing on chartering ships to other entities rarely act to carry cargoes for customers.

•Shipmanager/Commercial Manager — This is an entity designated to be responsible for the day to day commercial management of the ship and the best contact for the ship regarding commercial matters, including post fixture responsibilities, such as laytime, demurrage, insurance and charter clauses. These companies undertake the activities of ship operators but, unlike a ship operator, they do not own or charter-in the vessels at their own risk.

•Technical Manager — This is an entity specifically responsible for the technical operation and technical superintendence of a ship. This company may also be responsible for hiring, training and supervising ship officers and crew, and for all aspects of the day to day operation of the fleet, including repair work, spare parts inventory, re-engineering, surveys and dry-docking.

•Cargo Owner — This is normally a producer (e.g., a miner), consumer (e.g., a steel mill) or trading house who requires transportation of cargo by a cargo focused ship operator.

The Company participates in each of these capacities with the exception of cargo owner, although at rare opportunistic times the Company may purchase cargo for resale after completion of a voyage.

The Freight Market

Dry bulk vessels are employed in the market through a number of different chartering options. The general terms typically found in these types of contracts are described below.

•Time Charter.  A charter under which the vessel owner or operator is paid charterhire on a per-day basis for a specified period of time. Typically, the shipowner receives semi-monthly charterhire payments on a U.S. dollar-per-day basis and is responsible for providing the crew and paying vessel operating expenses, while the charterer is responsible for paying the voyage expenses and additional voyage insurance. The ship owner is also responsible for the vessel’s intermediate and special survey (heavy mandatory maintenance) costs. Under time charters, including trip charters, the charterer pays all voyage expenses including port, canal and bunker (fuel) costs.

•Trip Charter.  A time charter for a trip to carry a specific cargo from a load port to a discharge port at a set daily rate.

•Voyage Charter.  A charter to carry a specific amount and type of cargo on a load-port to discharge-port basis, subject to various cargo handling terms. Most of these charters are of a single voyage nature, as trading patterns do not encourage round trip voyage trading. The ship operator receives payment based on a price per ton of cargo loaded on board the vessel. The ship operator is responsible for the payment of all voyage expenses, as well as the costs of owning or hiring the vessel.

•Contract of Affreightment.  A contract of affreightment, or COA, relates to the carriage of multiple cargoes over the same route and enables the service provider to nominate different vessels to perform the individual voyages. Essentially, it constitutes a series of voyage charters to carry a specified amount of cargo during the term of the CoA, which usually spans a number of months or years. Freight normally is agreed on a U.S. dollar-per-ton carried basis with bunker cost escalation or de-escalation adjustments.

•Bareboat Charter.  A bareboat charter involves the use of a vessel, usually over longer periods of time (several years). In this case, all voyage expenses and vessel operating expenses, including maintenance, crewing and insurance, are paid for by the charterer. The owner of the vessel receives monthly charterhire payments on a U.S. dollar per day basis and is responsible only for the payment of capital costs related to the vessel. A bareboat charter is also known as a “demise charter” or a “time charter by demise.”

The Company primarily employs its vessels under voyage charters together with COAs and time charters.

Rates

In the time charter (period) market, rates vary depending on the length of the charter period and vessel specific factors such as age, speed, size and fuel consumption. In the voyage charter market, rates are influenced by cargo size, commodity, port dues

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and canal transit fees, as well as delivery and redelivery regions. In general, a larger cargo size is quoted at a lower rate per ton than a smaller cargo size. Routes with costly ports or canals generally command higher rates. Voyages loading from a port where vessels usually discharge cargo, or discharging at a port where vessels usually load cargo, are generally quoted at lower rates. These voyages are known as “backhaul” voyages.

In some cases, charters will include an additional payment known as a ballast bonus. A ballast bonus is a lump sum payment made to a shipowner or operator (by the charterer) as compensation for delivering a ship in a particular loading region of the world. For a ship to enter a loading region, an empty (ballast) leg may be required because there are no inbound cargoes. The ballast bonus should reflect the cost of the empty ballast in terms of time and fuel. A typical fixture that involves a ballast bonus might be expressed as “freight hire of $10,000 per day, plus a ballast bonus of $100,000 lump sum”.

Within the dry bulk shipping industry, the freight rate indices issued by the Baltic Exchange in London are the references most likely to be monitored. These references are based on actual charter hire rates under charters entered into by market participants as well as daily assessments provided to the Baltic Exchange by a panel of major shipbrokers. The Baltic Exchange, an independent organization comprised of shipbrokers, shipping companies and other shipping players, provides daily independent shipping market information and has created freight rate indices reflecting the average freight rates for the major bulk vessel trading routes. The Baltic Dry Index ("BDI"), is a composite of the Capesize, Panamax and Supramax timecharter averages. It is considered a proxy for dry bulk shipping stocks as well as a general shipping market bellwether.

Dry Bulk Trades Requiring Ice Class Tonnage

Ice class vessels are required to serve ports accessed by routes crossing seasonal or year-round ice-covered oceans, lakes, seas or rivers. Ice class vessels are mainly deployed in the Baltic Sea, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway. These regions have experienced strong trade growth in dry bulk cargoes, driven in particular by increased mining activities supported by strong commodity demand in Asia, decreased level of ice, and technology advancement in shipping. Cargo traffic to and from Russian ports is expected to increase in the coming years, mainly representing supplies and cargo for new industrial projects.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the material risks described below, which we believe represent the material risks related to our business and our securities, together with the other information contained in this Form 10-K, before making a decision to invest in our securities. This Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. In connection with such forward looking statements, you should also carefully review the cautionary statements referred to under “Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of specific factors, including the risks described below.

Summary of Risk Factors

•The cyclical and volatile nature of the seaborne drybulk transportation industry may lead to significant decreases in charter and freight rates, which may have an adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and profitability and our ability to comply with our loan covenants.

•Our financial results and operations may be adversely affected by the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, and related governmental responses thereto.

•An increase in interest rates could adversely affect our cash flow and financial condition.

•Any change in drybulk carrier capacity in the future may result in lower charter and freight rates which, in turn, will adversely affect our profitability.

•The market values of our owned vessels may decrease, which could limit the amount of funds that we can borrow or cause us to breach certain covenants in our credit facilities and we may incur impairment or a loss if we sell vessels following a decline in their market value.

•The Company has relied on financial support from its founders and investors through related party loans, which may not be available to us in the future.

•The state of the global financial markets and economic conditions may adversely impact our ability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms and otherwise negatively impact our business.

•Changes in the economic and political environment in China and policies adopted by the government to regulate its economy may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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•Our revenues are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which could affect our operating results and our ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future.

•If our vessels call on ports located in countries or territories that are the subject of sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S., the European Union, the United Nations, or other governmental authorities, it could lead to monetary fines or penalties and may adversely affect our reputation and the market for our securities.

•We are subject to complex laws and regulations, including environmental regulations that can adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing business.

•Changes in fuel prices, that may result from increased oil prices, may adversely affect our profitability.

•In the highly competitive international shipping industry, we may not be able to compete successfully for chartered-in vessels or for vessel employment and, as a result, we may be unable to charter-in vessels at reasonable rates or employ our vessels profitably.

•Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, lenders and other market participants with respect to our Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) policies may impose additional costs on us or expose us to additional risks.

•We depend upon a few significant customers for a large part of our revenues and cash flow, and the loss of one or more of these customers could adversely affect our financial performance.

•We are subject to certain risks with counterparties on contracts and the failure of such counterparties to meet their obligations could cause us to suffer losses or otherwise adversely affect our business and ability to comply with covenants in our loan agreements, which could impose operating and financial restrictions on us.

•Obligations associated with being a public company require significant company resources and management attention, and we incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.

•Because we purchase and operate secondhand vessels, we may be exposed to increased operating costs which could adversely affect our earnings and, as our fleet ages, the risks associated with older vessels could adversely affect our ability to obtain profitable charters.

•Our ability to obtain additional debt financing, or to refinance existing indebtedness, may be dependent on the performance and length of our charter contracts and the creditworthiness of our contract counterparties.

•We depend on our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other key employees, and the loss of their services would have a material adverse effect on our business, results and financial condition.

•Exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations will result in fluctuations in our cash flows and operating results.

•United States tax authorities could treat us as a “passive foreign investment company,” which could have adverse United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders.

•We have had and in the future may identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements of our financial statements.

•We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and failure to protect these systems against security breaches could adversely affect our business and results of operations, including on our vessels. Additionally, if these systems fail or become unavailable for any significant period of time, our business could be harmed.

•Volatility in the broader securities markets and trading volume of our common shares could adversely impact the trading price of our common shares.

•Because we are a foreign corporation, you may not have the same rights that a shareholder in a U.S. corporation may have, and it may not be possible for our investors to enforce U.S. judgments against us.

Risks Relating to the Company’s Industry

The cyclical and volatile nature of the seaborne drybulk transportation industry may lead to decreases in charter and freight rates, which may have an adverse effect on the Company’s revenues, earnings and profitability and its ability to comply with its loan covenants. The market showed signs of improvement beginning in late 2020 due to a continued decline in newbuilding deliveries which constrict the supply of tonnage and inflate rates and a rebound in demand from COVID 19 disruptions,. Going forward, rising protectionism and uncertainty concerning a trade war over tariffs may dampen growth in demand for some products, however, some analysts predict volumes will not change and may increase tonne-miles by disrupting historical trade patterns.

The seaborne drybulk transportation industry is cyclical and volatile, and a lengthy downturn in the drybulk charter market severely affected the entire drybulk shipping industry. Volatility of charter and freight rates is due to various factors, including changing crude oil prices, economic activity in the largest economies, including China, a strong U.S. Dollar and the associated weakening of other world currencies and the supply of available tonnage.

Although our operating fleet is primarily chartered-in on a short-term basis and lower charter rates result in lower charter hire costs, changes in charter and freight rates in the drybulk market affect vessel values and earnings on our owned fleet, and may

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affect our cash flows, liquidity and ability to comply with the financial covenants in our loan agreements. Another extended downturn in the drybulk carrier market may have adverse consequences. The value of our common shares could be substantially reduced under these circumstances.

We employ our vessels under a mix of voyage charters and time charters and COA’s which typically extend for varying lengths of time, from one month to ten years. As a result, we are exposed to changes in market rates for drybulk carriers and such changes may affect our earnings and the value of our owned drybulk carriers at any given time. A COA relates to the carriage of multiple cargoes over the same route and enables the COA holder to nominate different vessels to perform individual voyages. We may not be able to successfully employ our vessels in the future or renew existing contracts at rates sufficient to allow us to meet our obligations. We are also exposed to volatility in the market rates we pay to charter-in vessels. Fluctuations in charter and freight rates result from changes in the supply of and demand for vessel capacity and changes in the demand for seaborne carriage of commodities. Because the factors affecting the supply of and demand for vessels are outside of our control and are unpredictable, the nature, timing, direction and degree of changes in industry conditions are also unpredictable.

Factors that influence demand for vessel capacity include:

•supply of and demand for energy resources, commodities, semi-finished and finished consumer and industrial products;

•changes in the exploration or production of energy resources, commodities, semi-finished and finished consumer and industrial products;

•the location of regional and global exploration, production and manufacturing facilities;

•the location of consuming regions for energy resources, commodities, semi-finished and finished consumer and industrial products;

•the globalization of production and manufacturing;

•global and regional economic and political conditions, including armed conflicts, terrorist activities, embargoes and strikes;

•natural disasters and other disruptions in international trade;

•developments in international trade;

•changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns, including the distance cargo is transported by sea;

•environmental and other regulatory developments;

•currency exchange rates;

•pandemics, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;

•bunker (fuel) prices; and

•weather.

Demand for our vessels is dependent upon economic growth in the world’s economies, seasonal and regional changes in demand, changes in the capacity of the global drybulk fleet and the sources and supply of drybulk cargo transported by sea. Although the current newbuilding orderbook (as a percentage of the on-the-water fleet) is at a historically low level, a pickup in new ordering could increase global capacity and there can be no assurance that economic growth will continue in order to absorb this higher supply. Adverse economic, political, social or other developments could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

The factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity include:

•the number of newbuilding deliveries;

•port and canal congestion;

•bunker prices;

•the scrapping rate of older vessels;

•vessel casualties;

•speed of vessels being operated;

•the number of vessels that are out of service, namely those that are laid-up, dry-docked, awaiting repairs or otherwise not available for hire;

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•availability of financing for new vessels;

•changes in national or international regulations that may effectively cause reductions in the carrying capacity of vessels or early obsolescence of tonnage; and

•changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit the useful lives of vessels.

In addition to the prevailing and anticipated charter and freight rates, factors that affect the rate of newbuilding, scrapping and laying-up include newbuilding prices, secondhand vessel values in relation to scrap prices, costs of bunker fuels and other operating costs, costs associated with classification society surveys, normal maintenance and insurance coverage, the efficiency and age profile of the existing drybulk fleet in the market and government and industry regulation of maritime transportation practices, particularly environmental protection laws and regulations. These factors influencing the supply of and demand for shipping capacity are outside of our control, and we may not be able to correctly assess the nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions.

We anticipate that the future demand for our drybulk carriers and our logistics services will be dependent upon economic growth in world economies and its associated industrial production, seasonal and regional changes in demand, changes in the capacity of the global drybulk carrier fleet and the sources and supply of drybulk cargoes to be transported by sea.

Global economic conditions may continue to negatively impact the drybulk shipping industry.

In the current global economy, operating businesses are faced with tightening credit, weak demand for goods and services, and weak international liquidity conditions. There has similarly been a general decline in the willingness by banks and other financial institutions to extend credit, particularly in the shipping industry, due to the historically volatile asset values of vessels. As the shipping industry is highly dependent on the availability of credit to finance and expand operations, it has been negatively affected by this decline. In particular, lower demand for drybulk cargoes as well as diminished trade credit available for the delivery of such cargoes have led to decreased demand for drybulk vessels, creating downward pressure on charter rates and vessel values. Any further weakening in global economic conditions may have a number of adverse consequences for drybulk and other shipping sectors, including, among other things:

•low charter rates, particularly for vessels employed on short-term time charters or in the spot market;

•decreases in the market value of drybulk vessels and limited second-hand market for the sale of vessels;

•limited financing for vessels;

•widespread loan covenant defaults; and

•declaration of bankruptcy by certain vessel operators, vessel owners, shipyards and charterers.

The occurrence of one or more of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

An increase in interest rates could adversely affect our cash flow and financial condition.

We are subject to market risks relating to changes in LIBOR rates because we have significant amounts of floating rate debt outstanding. Moreover, in the recent past, concerns have been publicized that some of the member banks surveyed by the British Bankers’ Association (“BBA”) in connection with the calculation of LIBOR may have been underreporting or otherwise manipulating the inter-bank lending rate applicable to them. A number of BBA member banks entered into settlements with their regulators and law enforcement agencies with respect to alleged LIBOR manipulation, and investigations by regulators and governmental authorities in various jurisdictions are ongoing. In addition, on July 27, 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. It is not currently possible to predict the effect of any establishment of alternative reference rates or any other reforms to LIBOR that may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. If LIBOR or any alternative reference rate were to increase significantly, the amount of interest payable on our outstanding indebtedness could increase significantly and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.

Any change in drybulk carrier capacity in the future may result in lower charter and freight rates which, in turn, will adversely affect our profitability.

The global drybulk fleet has increased significantly over the past 10 years as a result of the large number of newbuilding orders placed throughout this period. Scrapping of older ships has helped curtail some of this new supply growth, but it has not been

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enough to materially offset the large net growth in the fleet. Supply growth momentum has slowed down significantly in recent years as less and less newbuilding orders have been placed. During 2020, 432 newbuilding vessels were delivered to industry participants, and 96 vessels were scrapped, resulting in 4.3% net growth in the drybulk fleet on a DWT-adjusted basis.

Although supply growth has been decreasing, the global fleet remains over-supplied. Assuming newbuilding ordering remains at current low levels, it may take some years until the excess supply ultimately gets absorbed by growing demand and natural attrition of the fleet as older vessels go to demolition.

The market values of our owned vessels may decrease, which could limit the amount of funds that we can borrow or cause us to breach certain covenants in our credit facilities and we may incur impairment or a loss if we sell vessels following a decline in their market value.

The fair market values of our owned vessels have generally experienced high volatility, and you should expect the market values of our vessels to fluctuate depending on a number of factors including:

•prevailing level of charter and freight rates;

•general economic and market conditions affecting the shipping industry;

•types and sizes of vessels;

•supply of and demand for vessels;

•other modes of transportation;

•cost of newbuildings;

•governmental and other regulations; and

•technological advances.

In addition, as vessels grow older, they generally decline in value. If the market values of our owned vessels decrease, we may not be in compliance with certain covenants in our credit facilities secured by mortgages on our drybulk vessels unless we provide additional collateral or prepay a portion of the loan to a level where we are again in compliance with our loan covenants. The Company was in compliance with all of its covenants for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

If we sell one or more of our vessels at a time when vessel prices have fallen and before we have recorded an impairment adjustment to our consolidated financial statements, the sale proceeds may be less than the vessel’s carrying amount, resulting in a loss and a reduction in earnings.

The carrying amounts of vessels held and used by us are reviewed for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular vessel may not be fully recoverable. In such instances, an impairment charge would be recognized if the estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the vessel and its eventual disposition is less than the vessel’s carrying amount. This assessment is made at the asset group level which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other groups of assets. The asset groups are defined by vessel size and classification.

The Company has relied on financial support from its founders and investors through related party loans, which may not be available to the Company in the future.

From time to time, we have obtained loans from our founders, Edward Coll, Anthony Laura, and Lagoa Investments, an entity beneficially owned by Claus Boggild, to meet vessel purchase, newbuilding deposit, and other obligations of the Company. These loans may not be available to the Company in the future. Even if we are able to borrow money from such parties, such borrowing could create a conflict of interest of management to the extent they also act as lenders to the Company.

The state of the global financial markets and economic conditions may adversely impact our ability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms and otherwise negatively impact our business.

Global financial markets can be volatile and contraction in available credit may happen as economic conditions change. In recent years, operating businesses in the global economy have faced weakening demand for goods and services, deteriorating international liquidity conditions, and declining markets which lead to a general decline in the willingness of banks and other financial institutions to extend credit, particularly in the shipping industry. As the shipping industry is highly dependent on the availability of credit to finance and expand operations, it may be negatively affected by such changes and volatility.

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Also, as a result of concerns about the stability of financial markets generally, and the solvency of counterparties specifically, the cost of obtaining money from the credit markets may increase if lenders increase interest rates, enact tighter lending standards, refuse to refinance existing debt at all or on terms similar to current debt, and reduce, or cease to provide funding to borrowers. Due to these factors, additional financing may not be available to the extent required, on acceptable terms or at all. If additional financing is not available when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to expand or meet our obligations as they come due or we may be unable to enhance our existing business, complete additional vessel acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities as they arise.

World events could affect our operations and financial results.

Past terrorist attacks, as well as the threat of future terrorist attacks around the world, continue to cause uncertainty in the world’s financial markets and may affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Continuing conflicts, instability and other recent developments in the Middle East and elsewhere, and the presence of U.S. or other armed forces in Afghanistan and Syria, may lead to additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict around the world, which may contribute to further economic instability in the global financial markets. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face risks attendant to changes in economic and regulatory conditions around the world.

We face risks attendant to changes in economic environments, changes in interest rates, instability in the banking and securities markets and trade regulations around the world, among other factors. Major market disruptions and adverse changes in market conditions and regulatory climate in China, the United States and worldwide may adversely affect our business or impair our ability to borrow amounts under any future financial arrangements.

For example, the economic slowdown in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in China, could negatively affect global economic markets and the market for drybulk shipping. Chinese drybulk imports have accounted for the majority of global drybulk transportation growth annually over the last decade, with recent demand growth driven by stronger iron ore and coal imports into China. Before the global economic financial crisis that began in 2008, China had one of the world’s fastest growing economies in terms of gross domestic product, or GDP, which had a significant impact on shipping demand. The growth rate of China’s GDP for the year ended December 31, 2020, was 2.3%, down from a growth rate of 6.0% for the year ended December 31, 2019, but remaining well below pre-2008 levels. China and other countries in the Asia Pacific region may continue to experience slowed or even negative economic growth in the future. Our financial condition and results of operations, as well as our future prospects, would likely be hindered by a continuing or worsening economic downturn in any of these countries or geographic regions. Furthermore, there is a rising threat of a Chinese financial crisis resulting from massive personal and corporate indebtedness and “trade wars”. The International Monetary Fund has warned that continuing trade tensions, including significant tariff increases, between the United States and China could derail recovery from the impacts of COVID-19. We cannot assure you that the Chinese economy will not experience a significant contraction in the future.

The United States, the European Union and other parts of the world have likewise experienced relatively slow growth and weak economic trends since 2008. Over the past several years, the credit markets in the United States and Europe have remained conditions have generally improved, renewed adverse and developing economic and governmental factors, together with the concurrent volatility in charter rates and vessel values, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and could cause the price of our common shares to decline. An extended period of deterioration in the outlook for the world economy could reduce the overall demand for our services and could also adversely affect our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms or at all.

Changes in the economic and political environment in China and policies adopted by the government to regulate its economy may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Chinese economy differs from the economies of western countries in such respects as structure, government involvement, level of development, growth rate, capital reinvestment, allocation of resources, bank regulation, currency and monetary policy, rate of inflation and balance of payments position. Prior to 1978, the Chinese economy was a “planned economy”. Since 1978, increasing emphasis has been placed on the utilization of market forces in the development of the Chinese economy. Annual and five-year State Plans are adopted by the Chinese government in connection with the development of the economy. Although state-owned enterprises still account for a substantial portion of the Chinese industrial output, in general, the Chinese government is reducing the level of direct control that it exercises over the economy through State Plans and other measures. There is an increasing level of freedom and autonomy in areas such as allocation of resources, production, pricing and

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management and a gradual shift in emphasis to a “market economy” and enterprise reform. Limited price reforms were undertaken with the result that prices for certain commodities are principally determined by market forces. In addition, economic reforms may include reforms to the banking and credit sector and may produce a shift away from the export-driven growth model that has characterized the Chinese economy over the past few decades. Many of the reforms are unprecedented or experimental and may be subject to revision, change or abolition based upon the outcome of such experiments. The level of imports to and exports from China could be adversely affected by the failure to continue market reforms or changes to existing pro-export economic policies. The level of imports to and exports from China may also be adversely affected by changes in political, economic and social conditions (including a slowing of economic growth) or other relevant policies of the Chinese government, such as changes in laws, regulations or export and import restrictions, internal political instability, changes in currency policies, changes in trade policies and territorial or trade disputes. A decrease in the level of imports to and exports from China could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, which may negatively impact our planned growth.

As a result of concerns about the stability of financial markets generally and the solvency of counterparties specifically, the ability to obtain money from the credit markets has become more difficult as many lenders have increased interest rates, enacted tighter lending standards, refused to refinance existing debt at all or on terms similar to current debt and reduced, and in some cases ceased, to provide funding to borrowers. Due to these factors, we cannot be certain that financing will be available if needed and to the extent required, on acceptable terms. If financing is not available when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to enhance our existing business, complete additional vessel acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities as they arise.

Acts of piracy on ocean-going vessels could adversely affect our business.

Acts of piracy have historically affected ocean-going vessels trading in regions of the world such as the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean and in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia and, in particular, the Gulf of Guinea region off Nigeria, which experienced increased incidents of piracy in recent years. Sea piracy incidents continue to occur, increasingly in the Sulu Sea and the Gulf of Guinea, with drybulk vessels particularly vulnerable to such attacks. In the past, political conflicts have also resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt international shipping. The perception that our vessels are a potential piracy or terrorist target could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Further, if these piracy attacks occur in regions in which our vessels are deployed that insurers characterize as “war risk” zones or by the Joint War Committee as “war and strikes” listed areas, premiums payable for such coverage could increase significantly and such insurance coverage may be more difficult to obtain, if available at all. In addition, crew costs, including costs that may be incurred to the extent we employ on-board security guards, could increase in such circumstances. We may not be adequately insured to cover losses from these incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, detention hijacking as a result of an act of piracy against our vessels, or an increase in cost, or unavailability of insurance for our vessels, could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, and this may result in loss of revenues, increased costs and decreased cash flows to our customers, which could impair their ability to make payments to us under our charters.

Political instability, terrorist attacks, international hostilities and global public health threats can affect the seaborne transportation industry, which could adversely affect our business.

We conduct most of our operations outside of the United States, and our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future may be adversely affected by changing economic, political and government conditions in the countries and regions where our vessels are employed or registered. Moreover, we operate in a sector of the economy that is likely to be adversely impacted by the effects of political conflicts, including the current political instability in the Middle East and the South China Sea region and other geographic countries and areas, geopolitical events such as Brexit, terrorist or other attacks, and war (or threatened war) or international hostilities, such as those between the United States and North Korea. Terrorist attacks as well as the frequent incidents of terrorism in the Middle East, and the continuing response of the United States and others to these attacks, as well as the threat of future terrorist attacks around the world, continues to cause uncertainty in the world's financial markets and may affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Continuing conflicts and recent developments in the Middle East, including increased tensions between the U.S. and Iran, as well as the presence of U.S. or other armed forces in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and various other regions, may lead to additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict around the world, which may contribute to further economic instability in the global financial markets. As a result of the above, insurers have increased premiums and reduced or restricted coverage for losses caused by terrorist acts generally. These uncertainties could also adversely affect our ability to obtain additional

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financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse impact on our operating results, revenues and costs. Additionally, Brexit, or similar events in other jurisdictions, could impact global markets, including foreign exchange and securities markets; any resulting changes in currency exchange rates, tariffs, treaties and other regulatory matters could in turn adversely impact our business and operations.

Further, governments may turn and have turned to trade barriers to protect their domestic industries against foreign imports, thereby depressing shipping demand. In particular, leaders in the United States and China have implemented certain increasingly protective trade measures. The results of the 2020 U.S. presidential election may improve the future relationship between the United States, China and other exporting countries, including with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs. It is not yet clear how the new United States administration under President Biden may deviate from the former administration's protectionist foreign trade policies. Protectionist developments, or the perception that they may occur, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions, and may significantly reduce global trade. Moreover, increasing trade protectionism may cause an increase in (i) the cost of goods exported from regions globally, (ii) the length of time required to transport goods and (iii) the risks associated with exporting goods. Such increases may significantly affect the quantity of goods to be shipped, shipping time schedules, voyage costs and other associated costs, which could have an adverse impact on our charterers' business, operating results and financial condition and could thereby affect their ability to make timely charter hire payments to us and to renew and increase the number of their time charters with us. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and our ability to pay any cash distributions to our stockholders.

In Europe, large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits, low growth prospects and high unemployment rates in a number of countries have contributed to the rise of Eurosceptic parties, which would like their countries to leave the Euro. The exit of the U.K. from the European Union, or Brexit, and potential new trade policies in the United States further increase the risk of additional trade protectionism.

In the past, political instability has also resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt international shipping, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region. Acts of terrorism and piracy have also affected vessels trading in regions such as the South China Sea and the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia.

In addition, public health threats, such as COVID-19, influenza and other highly communicable diseases or viruses, outbreaks of which have from time to time occurred in various parts of the world in which we operate, including China, could adversely impact our operations, the timing of completion of scheduled dry-dockings and ballast water treatment system installation projects, as well as the operations of our customers.

Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse impact on our future performance, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

Our financial results and operations may be adversely affected by the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, and related governmental responses thereto.

Since the beginning of calendar year 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 that originated in China in late 2019 and that has spread to most nations around the globe has resulted in numerous actions taken by governments and governmental agencies in an attempt to mitigate the spread of the virus, including travel bans, quarantines, and other emergency public health measures, and a number of countries implemented lockdown measures. These measures have resulted in a significant reduction in global economic activity and extreme volatility in the global financial markets. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues on a prolonged basis or becomes more severe, the adverse impact on the global economy and the rate environment for cargo vessels may deteriorate further and our operations and cash flows may be negatively impacted. Relatively weak global economic conditions during periods of volatility have and may continue to have a number of adverse consequences for shipping sectors, including, among other things:

•low charter rates, particularly for vessels employed on short-term time charters or in the spot market;

•limited second-hand market for the sale of vessels;

•limited financing for vessels

•loan covenant defaults; and

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•declaration of bankruptcy by certain vessel operators, vessel owners, shipyards and charterers.

The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to contain its spread have negatively impacted regional and global economies and trade patterns in markets in which we operate, the way we operate our business, and the businesses of our charterers and suppliers. These negative impacts could continue or worsen, even after the pandemic itself diminishes or ends. Companies, including us, have also taken precautions, such as requiring employees to work remotely and imposing travel restrictions, while some other businesses have been required to close entirely. Moreover, we face significant risks to our personnel and operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our crews face risk of exposure to COVID-19 as a result of travel to ports in which cases of COVID-19 have been reported. Our shore-based personnel likewise face risk of such exposure, as we maintain offices in areas that have been impacted by the spread of COVID-19.

Measures against COVID-19 in a number of countries have restricted crew rotations on our vessels, which may continue or become more severe. As a result, in 2020, we experienced and may continue to experience disruptions to our normal vessel operations caused by increased deviation time associated with positioning our vessels to countries in which we can undertake a crew rotation in compliance with such measures. Delays in crew rotations have led to issues with crew fatigue and may continue to do so, which may result in delays or other operational issues. We have had and expect to continue to have increased expenses due to incremental fuel consumption and days in which our vessels are unable to earn revenue in order to deviate to certain ports on which we would ordinarily not call during a typical voyage. We may also incur additional expenses associated with testing, personal protective equipment, quarantines, and travel expenses such as airfare costs in order to perform crew rotations in the current environment. In 2020, delays in crew rotations have also caused us to incur additional costs related to crew bonuses paid to retain the existing crew members on board and may continue to do so.

The COVID-19 pandemic and measures in place against the spread of the virus have led to a highly difficult environment in which to dispose of vessels given difficulty to physically inspect vessels. The impact of COVID-19 has also resulted in reduced industrial activity in China with temporary closures of factories and other facilities, labor shortages and restrictions on travel. We believe these disruptions along with other seasonal factors, including lower demand for some of the cargoes we carry, have contributed to lower rates in 2020.

Epidemics may also affect personnel operating payment systems through which we receive revenues from the chartering of our vessels or pay for our expenses, resulting in delays in payments. Organizations across industries, including ours, are rightly focusing on their employees' well-being, whilst making sure that their operations continue undisrupted and at the same time, adapting to the new ways of operating. As such employees are encouraged or even required to operate remotely which significantly increases the risk of cyber security attacks.

Further, containment measures and quarantine restrictions adopted by many countries worldwide have caused significant impact on our ability to embark and disembark crew members and on our seafarers themselves. As a result, since the outbreak of COVID-19 and as of the date of this report, we have encountered certain prolonged delays and surrounding complexities in embarking and disembarking crew onto our ships which further resulted in increased operational costs and decreased revenues by reason of off-hires associated with crew rotation and related logistical complications associated with supplying our vessels with spares or other supplies.

The occurrence or continued occurrence of any of the foregoing events or other epidemics or an increase in the severity or duration of the COVID-19 or other epidemics could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition, value of our vessels, and ability to pay dividends.

Our revenues are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which could affect our operating results and our ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future.

We operate our drybulk vessels in markets that have historically exhibited seasonal variations in demand and, as a result, in charter and freight rates. This seasonality may result in quarter-to-quarter volatility in our operating results, which could affect our ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future. The drybulk carrier market is typically stronger in the fall and winter months due to demand increases arising from agricultural harvest and increased coal demand in preparation for winter in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, unpredictable weather patterns in these months tend to disrupt vessel scheduling and supplies of certain commodities. This seasonality may adversely affect our operating results and our ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future.

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Risks associated with operating ocean-going vessels could affect our business and reputation, which could adversely affect our revenues and the price of our common shares.

The operation of ocean-going vessels carries inherent risks. These risks include the possibility of:

•marine disaster;

•environmental accidents;

•cargo and property losses or damage;

•business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism, political action in various countries, labor strikes or adverse weather conditions; and

•piracy.

The involvement of our vessels in an environmental disaster may harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator. Any of these circumstances or events could increase our costs or lower our revenues.

The operation of drybulk carriers entails certain unique operational risks.

The operation of certain ship types, such as drybulk carriers, has certain unique risks. With a drybulk carrier, the cargo itself and its interaction with the ship can be a risk factor. By their nature, drybulk cargoes are often heavy, dense, easily shifted, and react badly to water exposure. In addition, drybulk carriers are often subjected to battering treatment during unloading operations with grabs, jackhammers (to pry encrusted cargoes out of the hold), and small bulldozers. This treatment may cause damage to the vessel. Vessels damaged due to treatment during unloading procedures may be more susceptible to breach at sea. Furthermore, any defects or flaws in the design of a drybulk carrier may contribute to vessel damage. Hull breaches in drybulk carriers may lead to the flooding of the vessels holds. If a drybulk carrier suffers flooding in its holds, the bulk cargo may become so dense and waterlogged that its pressure may buckle the vessel's bulkheads, leading to the loss of the vessel. If we are unable to adequately maintain our vessels, we may be unable to prevent these events. Any of these circumstances or events could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future. In addition, the loss of any of our vessels could harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator.

If our vessels call on ports located in countries or territories that are the subject of sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S., the European Union, the United Nations, or other governmental authorities, it could lead to monetary fines or penalties and may adversely affect our reputation and the market for our securities.

Although no vessels operated by us have called on ports located in countries or territories that are the subject of country-wide or territory-wide sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government or other governmental authorities (“Sanctioned Jurisdictions”) in violation of applicable sanctions or embargo laws in 2020, and we endeavor to take precautions reasonably designed to mitigate such risk, it is possible that, in the future, our vessels may call on ports located in Sanctioned Jurisdictions on our charterers’ instructions and/or without our consent. If such activities result in a violation of sanctions or embargo laws, we could be subject to monetary fines, penalties, or other sanctions, and our reputation and the market for our common shares could be adversely affected.

Sanctions and embargo laws and regulations vary in their application, as they do not all apply to the same covered persons or proscribe the same activities, and such sanctions and embargo laws and regulations may be amended or expanded over time. Current or future counterparties of ours may be affiliated with persons or entities that are or may be in the future the subject of sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S., the EU, and/or other international bodies. If we determine that such sanctions require us to terminate existing or future contracts to which we, or our subsidiaries, are party or if we are found to be in violation of such applicable sanctions, our results of operations may be adversely affected or we may suffer reputational harm.

Although we believe that we have been in compliance with all applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations, and intend to maintain such compliance, there can be no assurance that we will be in compliance in the future, particularly as the scope of certain laws may be unclear and may be subject to changing interpretations. Any such violation could result in fines, penalties or other sanctions that could negatively impact our ability to access U.S. capital markets and conduct our business, and could result in some investors deciding, or being required, to divest their interest, or not to invest, in us. In addition, certain institutional investors may have investment policies or restrictions that prevent them from holding securities of companies that have contracts with countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. The determination by these

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investors not to invest in, or to divest from, our securities may adversely affect the price at which our securities trade. Additionally, some investors may decide to divest their interest, or not to invest, in our company simply because we do business with companies that do business in sanctioned countries or territories. Moreover, our charterers may violate applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations as a result of actions that do not involve us or our vessels, and those violations could in turn negatively affect our reputation. In addition, our reputation and the market for our securities may be adversely affected if we engage in certain other activities, such as lawfully entering into charters with individuals or entities that are not controlled by the governments of countries or territories that are the subject of certain U.S. sanctions or embargo laws, or engaging in operations associated with those countries or territories pursuant to contracts with third parties that are unrelated to those countries or territories or entities controlled by their governments. Investor perception of the value of our common shares may be adversely affected by the consequences of war, the effects of terrorism, civil unrest and governmental actions in the countries or territories that we operate in.

We are subject to international safety regulations and the failure to comply with these regulations may subject us to increased liability, may adversely affect our insurance coverage and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports.

The operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set forth in the United Nations’ International Maritime Organization’s International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention, or ISM Code. The ISM Code requires ship owners and ship managers to develop and maintain an extensive “Safety Management System” that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation for dealing with emergencies. The failure of a shipowner to comply with the ISM Code may subject it to increased liability, may invalidate existing insurance or decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. Each of the vessels owned or operated by the Company is ISM Code-certified.

In addition, vessel classification societies impose significant safety and other requirements on our vessels. In complying with current and future environmental requirements, vessel owners and operators may incur significant additional costs for maintenance and inspection requirements, in developing contingency arrangements for potential spills and in obtaining insurance coverage. Government regulation of vessels, particularly in the areas of safety and environmental protection requirements, can be expected to become stricter in the future and may require us to incur significant capital expenditures to keep our vessels in compliance.

We are subject to complex laws and regulations, including environmental regulations that can adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing business.

Our operations are subject to numerous laws and regulations in the form of international conventions and treaties, national, state and local laws and national and international regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which our vessels operate or are registered, which can significantly affect the ownership cost and operation of our vessels. These requirements include, but are not limited to, European Union Regulations, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 1975, the International Maritime Organization, or IMO, International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution of 1973, the IMO International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974, the International Convention on Load Lines of 1966, the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, or CERCLA, the U.S. Clean Air Act, U.S. Clean Water Act, the U.S. Marine Transportation Security Act of 2002 and the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters.

Compliance with such laws, regulations and standards, where applicable, may require installation of costly equipment or operational changes and may affect the resale value or useful lives of our vessels. We may also incur additional costs in order to comply with other existing and future regulatory obligations, including, but not limited to, costs relating to air emissions including greenhouse gases, the management of ballast waters, maintenance and inspection, development and implementation of emergency procedures and insurance coverage or other financial assurance of our ability to address pollution incidents. These costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. A failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in administrative and civil penalties, criminal sanctions or the suspension or termination of our operations. Environmental laws often impose strict liability for remediation of spills and releases of oil and hazardous substances, which could subject us to liability without regard to whether we were negligent or at fault.

We are required to satisfy insurance and financial responsibility requirements for potential oil (including marine fuel) spills and other pollution incidents. Although we have arranged insurance to cover certain environmental risks, there can be no assurance

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that such insurance will be sufficient to cover all such risks or that any claims will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends.

In order to comply with new ballast water treatment requirements, we will have to install expensive ballast water treatment systems and modify our vessels to accommodate such systems.

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (the “BWM Convention”), adopted by the UN International Maritime Organization in February 2004, calls for the prevention, reduction or elimination of the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens through the control and management of ships' ballast water and sediments. The BWM Convention entered into force on September 8, 2017. In order to comply with these living organism limits, vessel owners will have to install expensive ballast water treatment systems and modify existing vessels to accommodate those systems or make port facility disposal arrangements, which may have a material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations, depending on the cost of available ballast water treatment systems and the extent to which existing vessels must be modified to accommodate such systems.

Increased inspection procedures and tighter import and export controls could increase costs and disrupt our business.

International shipping is subject to various security and customs inspections and related procedures in countries of origin, destination and trans-shipment points. Inspection procedures may result in the seizure of the contents of our vessels, delays in the loading, offloading or delivery of our vessels and the levying of customs duties, fines or other penalties against us.

It is possible that changes to inspection procedures could impose additional financial and legal obligations on us. Changes to inspection procedures could also impose additional costs and obligations on our customers and may, in certain cases, render the shipment of certain types of cargo uneconomical or impractical. Any such changes or developments may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Maritime claimants could arrest one or more of our vessels, which could interrupt our cash flow.

Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against a vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a claimant may seek to obtain security for its claim by arresting a vessel through foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of our vessels could interrupt our cash flow and require us to pay large sums of money to have the arrest or attachment lifted. In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the “sister ship” theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both the vessel which is subject to the claimant's maritime lien and any “associated” vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants could attempt to assert “sister ship” liability against a vessel in our fleet for claims relating to another of our vessels.

Governments could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in a loss of earnings.

A government could requisition one or more of our vessels for title or for hire. Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes her owner, while requisition for hire occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes her charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during periods of war or emergency, although governments may elect to requisition vessels in other circumstances. Although we would be entitled to compensation in the event of a requisition of one or more of our vessels, the amount and timing of payment would be uncertain. Government requisition of one or more of our vessels may negatively impact our revenues and reduce the amount of dividends, if any, in the future.

Changes in fuel prices may adversely affect profits.

Fuel, or bunkers, is typically the largest expense of our operating business and therefore, changes in the price of fuel may adversely affect our profitability. When we operate vessels under COAs or voyage charters, we are responsible for all voyage costs, including bunkers. The price and supply of fuel can be unpredictable and fluctuates based on events outside our control, including geopolitical developments, supply and demand for oil and gas, actions by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in oil producing countries and regions, regional production patterns and environmental concerns. Further, fuel may become much more expensive in the future, such as when new regulations requiring the use of low sulphur fuel went into effect in 2020. Increased fuel costs may reduce our profitability. We continually monitor the market volatility associated with bunker prices and seek to hedge our exposure to changes in the price of marine fuels with our bunker hedging program. Please see “The Company’s Management and Discussion Analysis of

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Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks - Fuel Swap Contracts.”

In the highly competitive international shipping industry, we may not be able to compete successfully for chartered-in vessels or for vessel employment and, as a result, we may be unable to charter-in vessels at reasonable rates or employ our vessels profitably.

We charter-in and employ vessels in a highly competitive market that is capital intensive and highly fragmented. Competition arises primarily from other vessel owners and operators, some of whom have substantially greater resources than we do. Competition for seaborne transportation of drybulk cargo by sea is intense and depends on the charter or freight rate and on the location, size, age, condition and acceptability of a vessel and its operators. Due to the highly fragmented market, competitors with greater resources are able to operate larger fleets and may be able to offer lower charter or freight rates and higher quality vessels than we are able to offer. If we are unable to successfully compete with other drybulk shipping operators, we may be unable to retain customers or attract new customers, which would have an adverse impact on our results of operations.

Labor interruptions could disrupt our business.

Our vessels are manned by masters, officers and crews that are contracted by our technical managers. If not resolved in a timely and cost-effective manner, industrial action or other labor unrest could prevent or hinder our operations from being carried out normally and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and on our ability to pay dividends.

Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, lenders and other market participants with respect to our Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) policies may impose additional costs on us or expose us to additional risks.

Companies across all industries are facing increasing scrutiny relating to their ESG policies. Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds, lenders and other market participants are increasingly focused on ESG practices and in recent years have placed increasing importance on the implications and social cost of their investments. The increased focus and activism related to ESG and similar matters may hinder access to capital, as investors and lenders may decide to reallocate capital or to not commit capital as a result of their assessment of a company’s ESG practices. Companies which do not adapt to or comply with investor, lender or other industry shareholder expectations and standards, which are evolving, or which are perceived to have not responded appropriately to the growing concern for ESG issues, regardless of whether there is a legal requirement to do so, may suffer from reputational damage and the business, financial condition, and/or stock price of such a company could be materially and adversely affected.

We may face increasing pressures from investors, lenders and other market participants, who are increasingly focused on climate change, to prioritize sustainable energy practices, reduce our carbon footprint and promote sustainability. As a result, we may be required to implement more stringent ESG procedures or standards so that our existing and future investors and lenders remain invested in us and make further investments in us, especially given the highly focused and specific trade of drybulk transportation in which we are engaged. If we do not meet these standards, our business and/or our ability to access capital could be harmed.

These limitations in both the debt and equity capital markets may affect our ability to grow as our plans for growth may include accessing the equity and debt capital markets. If those markets are unavailable, or if we are unable to access alternative means of financing on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be unable to implement our business strategy, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and impair our ability to service our indebtedness. Further, it is likely that we will incur additional costs and require additional resources to monitor, report and comply with wide ranging ESG requirements. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Our insurance may not be adequate to cover our losses that may result from our operations due to the inherent operational risks of the seaborne transportation industry.

We carry insurance to protect us against most of the accident-related risks involved in the conduct of our business, including marine hull and machinery insurance, protection and indemnity insurance, which include pollution risks, crew insurance and war risks insurance. However, we may not be adequately insured to cover all of our potential losses, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Additionally, our insurers may refuse to pay particular claims, and our insurance may be voidable

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by the insurers if we take, or fail to take, certain action, such as failing to maintain certification of our vessels with the applicable maritime regulatory organizations. Any significant uninsured or under-insured loss or liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and our ability to pay dividends. In addition, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates in the future during adverse insurance market conditions.

In addition, we do not carry loss-of-hire insurance, which covers the loss of revenues during extended vessel off-hire periods, such as those that occur during an unscheduled drydocking due to damage to the vessel from accidents. Accordingly, any loss of a vessel or extended vessel off-hire, due to an accident or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to pay dividends.

The logistics industry has its own set of risks, including infrastructure issues, operational efficiencies, lack of digital culture and training, labor relations and operational costs. We may not be able to provide logistics solutions to our customers in the face of obstacles created as a result of one of these factors.

The Company has dedicated resources to developing logistics solutions for our customers. These solutions may depend on infrastructure quality and improvement, the ability to hire qualified personnel, the ability to coordinate operations, development of digital integration and collaboration with suppliers and customers, and the ability to contain costs. If we are unable to facilitate these solutions due to any of these factors, we will not be able to continue developing such solutions.

Failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could result in fines, criminal penalties, charter terminations and an adverse effect on our business.

We may operate in a number of countries throughout the world, including countries known to have a reputation for corruption. We are committed to doing business in accordance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics which is consistent and in full compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, or the FCPA. We are subject, however, to the risk that we, our affiliated entities or our or their respective officers, directors, employees and agents may take actions determined to be in violation of such anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA. Any such violation could result in substantial fines, sanctions, civil and/or criminal penalties and curtailment of operations in certain jurisdictions, and might adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, actual or alleged violations could damage our reputation and ability to do business. Furthermore, detecting, investigating and resolving actual or alleged violations is expensive and can consume significant time and attention of our senior management.

Risks Relating to Our Company

Our business strategy includes chartering-in vessels, and we may not be able to charter-in suitable vessels.

Our business strategy depends, in large part, on our ability to charter-in vessels. If we are not able to find suitable vessels to charter-in, or to charter-in vessels at what we deem to be a reasonable rate, we may not be able to operate profitably or perform our contractual obligations. As a result, we may need to adjust our business strategy, and we may experience material adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we charter-in a vessel and shipping rates subsequently decrease, or we are unable to secure employment for such a vessel, our obligation under the charter may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We depend upon a few significant customers for a large part of our revenues and cash flow, and the loss of one or more of these customers could adversely affect our financial performance.

We expect to derive a significant part of our revenue and cash flow from a relatively small number of repeat customers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, one customer accounted for approximately 10% of total revenue and all of our top ten customers, representing 44% of total revenue, are repeat customers. If one or more of our significant customers is unable to perform under one or more charters or COAs and we are not able to find a replacement charter or COA; or if a customer exercises certain rights to terminate the charter or COA, we could suffer a loss of revenues that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash available for distribution as dividends to our shareholders.

We could lose a customer or the benefits of a charter or COA if, among other things:

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•the customer fails to make charter payments because of its financial inability, disagreements with us or otherwise; or

•the customer terminates the charter because we do not perform in accordance with such charter and do not cure such failures within a specified period.

If we lose a key customer, we may be unable to obtain replacement charters or COAs on comparable terms or at all. The loss of any of our customers, COAs, charters or vessels, or a decline in payments under our agreements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.

We are a holding company, and depend on the ability of our subsidiaries, through which we operate our business, to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial obligations or to make dividend payments.

We are a holding company, and our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. The equity interests in our vessel-owning subsidiaries represent a significant portion of our operating assets. As a result, our ability to satisfy our financial obligations and to pay dividends to our shareholders depends on the ability of our subsidiaries to generate profits available for distribution to us and, to the extent that they are unable to generate profits, we will be unable to pay dividends to our shareholders.

We are subject to certain risks with counterparties on contracts and the failure of such counterparties to meet their obligations could cause us to suffer losses or otherwise adversely affect our business and ability to comply with covenants in our loan agreements.

We enter into various contracts that are material to the operation of our business, including COAs, time charters and voyage charters under which we employ our vessels, and charter agreements under which we charter-in vessels. We also enter into loan agreements and hedging agreements, such as bunker swap agreements and forward freight agreements, or FFAs. Such agreements subject us to counterparty risks. The ability and willingness of each of our counterparties to perform its obligations under a contract with us will depend on a number of factors that are beyond our control, including, among other things, general economic conditions, the condition of the drybulk shipping industry, the overall financial condition of our counterparty, prevailing prices for drybulk cargoes, rates received for specific types of vessels and voyages, and various expenses. In addition, in depressed market conditions, our customers may no longer need us to carry a cargo that is currently under contract or may be able to obtain carriage at a lower rate. If our customers fail to meet their obligations to us or attempt to renegotiate our agreements, it may be difficult to secure suitable substitute employment for the vessel, and any new charter arrangements we secure may be at lower rates or, if our counterparties fail to deliver a vessel we have agreed to charter-in, or if a counterparty otherwise fails to honor its obligations to us under a contract, we could sustain significant losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, ability to pay dividends to holders of our common shares in the amounts anticipated or at all and compliance with covenants in our secured loan agreements.

Additionally, we are subject to certain risks as a result of using our vessels as collateral. If we are in breach of financial covenants contained in our loan agreements, we may not be successful in obtaining waivers and amendments. If our indebtedness is accelerated, it may be difficult in the current financing environment for us to refinance our debt or obtain additional financing and we could lose our vessels if our lenders foreclose on their liens.

We may be unable to comply with covenants in our credit facilities or any financial obligations that impose operating and financial restrictions on us.

Our credit facilities and finance leases, which are secured by mortgages on our vessels, impose certain operating and financial restrictions on us, mainly to ensure that the market value of the mortgaged vessel under the applicable credit facility does not fall below a certain percentage of the outstanding amount of the loan, which we refer to as the collateral maintenance or loan to value ratio. In addition, certain of our credit facilities include other financial covenants, which require us to, among other things, maintain:

•a consolidated leverage ratio of not more than 200%;

•a consolidated debt service coverage ratio of not less than 120%;

•Minimum consolidated net worth of $45 million plus, with respect to any vessel purchased or leased by the Guarantor or its subsidiaries, for so long as such vessels are legally or economically owned, 25% of the purchase price or (finance) lease amount of such vessels;

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•consolidated minimum liquidity of not less than $18 million

In general, the operating restrictions that are contained in our credit facilities may prohibit or otherwise limit our ability to, among other things:

•effect changes in management of our vessels;

•sell or dispose of any of our assets, including our vessels;

•declare and pay dividends;

•incur additional indebtedness;

•mortgage our vessels; and

•incur and pay management fees or commissions.

Non-compliance with any of our financial covenants or operating restrictions contained in our credit facilities may constitute an event of default under our credit facilities, which, unless cured within the grace period set forth under the applicable credit facility, if applicable, or waived or modified by our lenders, provides our lenders with the right to, among other things, require us to post additional collateral, enhance our equity and liquidity, increase our interest payments, pay down our indebtedness to a level where we are in compliance, sell vessels in our fleet, reclassify our indebtedness as current liabilities, accelerate our indebtedness, or foreclose their liens on our vessels and the other assets securing the credit facilities, which would impair our ability to continue to conduct our business. As of December 31, 2020, we are in compliance with covenants contained in our debt agreements. Please read “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Borrowing Activities.”

Furthermore, certain of our credit facilities contain a cross-default provision that may be triggered by a default under one of our other credit facilities. A cross-default provision means that a default on one loan would result in a default on certain other loans. Because of the presence of cross-default provisions in certain of our credit facilities, the refusal of any one lender under our credit facilities to grant or extend a waiver could result in certain of our indebtedness being accelerated. If our secured indebtedness is accelerated in full or in part, it would be very difficult in the current financing environment for us to refinance our debt or obtain additional financing and we could lose our vessels and other assets securing our credit facilities if our lenders foreclose their liens, which would adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.

We may be unable to effectively manage our growth strategy.

One of our principal business strategies is to continue to expand capacity and flexibility by increasing our owned fleet as we secure additional demand for our services. Our growth strategy will depend upon a number of factors, some of which may not be within our control. These factors include our ability to:

•enter into new contracts for the transportation of cargoes;

•develop customized logistics solutions within targeted dry bulk trades;

•locate and acquire suitable vessels for acquisitions at attractive prices;

•obtain required financing for our existing and new operations;

•integrate any acquired vessels successfully with our existing operations, including obtaining any approvals and qualifications necessary to operate vessels that we acquire;

•enhance our customer base;

•hire, train and retain qualified personnel and crew to manage and operate our growing business and fleet;

•identify additional new markets; and

•improve our operating, financial and accounting systems and controls.

We may undertake future financings to finance our growth. Our failure to effectively identify, purchase, develop and integrate any vessels could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The number of employees that perform services for us and our current operating and financial systems may not be adequate as we implement our plan to expand the size of our fleet, and we may not be able to effectively hire more employees or adequately improve those systems. Finally, acquisitions may require additional equity issuances or debt issuances (with amortization payments), both of which could lower our available cash. If any such events occur, our financial condition may be adversely affected.

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Growing any business presents numerous risks such as difficulty in obtaining additional qualified personnel and managing relationships with customers and suppliers. The expansion of our fleet may impose significant additional responsibilities on our management and staff, and may necessitate that we increase the number of personnel. We cannot give any assurance that we will be successful in executing our growth plans or that we will not incur significant expenses and losses in connection with our future growth.

Investment in forward freight agreements and other derivative instruments could result in losses.

We manage our market exposure using forward freight agreements, or FFAs, and other derivative instruments, such as bunker hedging contracts. FFAs are cash-settled derivative contracts based on future freight delivery rates and other derivative instruments. FFAs may be used to hedge exposure to the changing rates by providing for the purchase or sale of a contracted charter rate along a specified route or combination of routes and over a specified period of time. Upon settlement, if the contracted charter rate is less than the settlement rate, the seller of the FFA is required to pay the buyer an amount equal to the difference between the contracted rate and the settlement rate, multiplied by the number of days in the specified period. Conversely, if the contracted rate is greater than the settlement rate, the buyer is required to pay the seller the settlement sum. If we take positions in FFAs and do not correctly anticipate rate movements for the specified vessel route or routes and relevant time period or our assumptions regarding the relative relationships of certain vessels’ earnings, routes and other factors relevant to the FFA markets are incorrect, we could suffer losses in settling or terminating our FFAs. In addition, we normally do not designate our FFAs for special hedge accounting and, as such, our use of such derivatives may lead to material fluctuations in our results of operations.

We also seek to manage our exposure to volatility in the market price of bunkers by entering into bunker hedging contracts. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully limit our risks, leaving us exposed to unprofitable contracts and we may suffer significant losses from these hedging activities.

Our long-term COAs, single charter bookings and time-charter agreements may result in significant fluctuations in our quarterly results, which may adversely affect our liquidity, as well as our ability to satisfy our financial obligations.

As part of our business strategy, we enter into long-term COAs, single charter bookings and time-charter agreements. We evaluate entering into long-term positions based on the expected return over the full term of the contract. However, long-term contracts that we believe provide attractive returns over their full term may produce losses over portions of the contract period. We may be required to provide additional margin collateral in connection with FFA positions that are settled through clearinghouses, depending upon movements in the FFA markets. These interim losses, fluctuations in our quarterly results or incremental collateral requirements may adversely affect our financial liquidity, as well as our ability to satisfy our financial obligations.

We depend on COAs, which could require us to operate at unfavorable rates for a certain amount of time or subject us to other operating risks.

A significant portion of our revenues are derived from COAs. While COAs provide a relatively stable and predictable source of revenue, they typically fix the rate we are paid for our drybulk shipping services. Once we have entered into a COA, if we have not correctly anticipated vessel rates, location and availability for our owned or chartered-in fleet to fulfill the COA, we could suffer losses. Moreover, factors beyond our control may cause a COA to become unprofitable. Nevertheless, we would be obligated to continue to perform for the term of the COA. In addition, factors beyond our control, such as vessel availability, port delays, changes in government or industry rules or regulation, industrial actions or acts of terrorism or war, could affect our ability to perform our obligations under our COAs, which could result in breach of contract or other claims by our COA counterparties. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and financial condition.

We are a “smaller reporting company” and a "non-accelerated filer" and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common shares less attractive to investors.

We are a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in the Securities Act of 1934, and may choose to rely on scaled disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies. On June 28, 2018, the Commission adopted amendments to the definition of “smaller reporting company” that became effective on September 10, 2018. Under the new definition, generally, a company qualifies as a “smaller reporting company” if it has public float of less than $250 million; or it has less than $100 million in annual revenues and no public float or public float of less than $700 million.

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The scaled disclosure requirements for smaller reporting companies permit us to include less extensive narrative disclosure than required of other reporting companies, particularly in the description of executive compensation and to provide audited financial statements for two fiscal years, in contrast to other reporting companies, which must provide audited financial statements for three fiscal years.

In addition to the accommodations that are available to smaller reporting companies, there are also different requirements that apply to “non-accelerated filers” and “accelerated filers.” Generally, if a smaller reporting company has no public float or public float of less than $75 million, it will be a non-accelerated filer. A non-accelerated filer is not required to provide an auditor attestation of management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting, which is generally required for SEC reporting companies under Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404(b), and, in contrast to other reporting companies, has more time to file its periodic reports. If a smaller reporting company has public float of $75 million or more, it will be an accelerated filer. Among other requirements, accelerated filers are required to provide an auditor’s attestation of management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting required under Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404(b).

Investors may find our common shares and the price of our common shares less attractive because we rely, or may rely, on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and the price of our common shares may be more volatile.

Obligations associated with being a public company require significant company resources and management attention, and we incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations of the SEC, including Sarbanes-Oxley, and requirements of the NASDAQ Global Select Market. These requirements and rules may place a strain on our systems and resources. For example, the Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition and Sarbanes-Oxley requires that we document and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. These reporting and other obligations place significant demands on our management, administrative, operational and accounting resources and we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a result. The expenses incurred by public companies, generally, for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been increasing and the costs we incur for such purposes may strain our resources. We may implement additional financial and management controls and procedures, reporting and business intelligence systems, create or outsource an internal audit function, or hire additional accounting and finance staff. If we are unable to accomplish these objectives in a timely and effective fashion, our ability to comply with the financial reporting requirements and other rules that apply to reporting companies could be impaired. In addition, our limited management resources may exacerbate the difficulties in complying with these reporting and other requirements while focusing on executing our business strategy. Our incremental general and administrative expenses as a publicly traded corporation include costs associated with preparing reports to shareholders, tax returns, investor relations, registrar and transfer agent’s fees, incremental director and officer liability insurance costs and director compensation. Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, liquidity, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our common shares, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action.

We are required to comply with certain provisions of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley. However, as a smaller reporting company that is also a non-accelerated filer, we are exempt from certain of its requirements for so long as we remain so. For example, Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley requires that the Company and its independent auditors report annually on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. However, as a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer, we may take advantage of an exemption from the auditor attestation requirement. Once we are no longer a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer, or, if prior to such date, we opt to no longer take advantage of the applicable exemption, we will be required to include an opinion from our independent auditors on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Management, however, is not exempt from this requirement, and is required to, among other things, maintain and periodically evaluate our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process documentation, evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow us to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

A failure to pass inspection by classification societies could result in vessels being unemployable until they pass inspection, resulting in a loss of revenues from such vessels for that period.

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The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be classed by a classification society authorized by its country of registry. The classification society certifies that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and the United Nations Safety of Life at Sea Convention. Our owned fleet is currently enrolled with Bureau Veritas (BV), DNV GL Group (DNV), and Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK).

A vessel must undergo annual surveys, intermediate surveys and special surveys. In lieu of a special survey, a vessel’s machinery may be on a continuous survey cycle, under which the machinery would be surveyed periodically over a five-year period. Our vessels are on special survey cycles for hull inspection and continuous survey cycles for machinery inspection. Every vessel must undergo regulatory surveys of its underwater parts every 30 to 60 months.

If a vessel fails any annual survey, intermediate survey or special survey, the vessel may be unable to trade between ports and, therefore, would be unemployable, potentially causing a negative impact on our revenues due to the loss of revenues from such vessel until it was able to trade again.

Because we purchase and operate secondhand vessels, we may be exposed to increased operating costs which could adversely affect our earnings and, as our fleet ages, the risks associated with older vessels could adversely affect our ability to obtain profitable charters.

As part of our current business strategy to increase our owned fleet, we may acquire new and secondhand vessels. While we inspect secondhand vessels prior to purchase, this does not provide us with the same knowledge about their condition that we would have had if these vessels had been built for and operated exclusively by us. Accordingly, we may not discover defects or other problems with secondhand vessels prior to purchasing or chartering-in, or may incur costs to terminate a purchase agreement. Any such hidden defects or problems may be expensive to repair, and if not detected, may result in accidents or other incidents for which we may become liable to third parties.

In general, the costs to maintain a vessel in good operating condition increase with the age of the vessel. Older vessels are typically less fuel-efficient than more recently constructed vessels due to improvements in engine technology. Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of a vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers.

Furthermore, governmental regulations, safety or other equipment standards related to the age of vessels may require expenditures for alterations, or the addition of new equipment and may restrict the type of activities in which the vessel may engage. As our vessels age, market conditions may not justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their useful lives.

Unless we set aside reserves or are able to borrow funds for vessel replacement, we will be unable to replace the vessels in our fleet at the end of their useful lives.

We estimate the useful life of our vessels to be 25 or 30 years from the date of initial delivery from the shipyard. The remaining estimated useful lives of our vessels range from 8 - 22 years, depending on the age and type of vessel. The average age of our owned drybulk carriers at the time of this filing is approximately 10 years. A portion of our cash flows and income are dependent on the revenues earned by employing our vessels. If we are unable to replace the vessels in our fleet at the end of their useful lives, our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends could be materially and adversely affected. We currently do not maintain reserves for vessel replacements. We intend to finance vessel replacements from internally generated cash flow, borrowings under our credit facilities or additional equity or debt offerings.

Our ability to obtain additional debt financing, or to refinance existing indebtedness, may be dependent on the performance and length of our COAs and charters, and the creditworthiness of our contract counterparties.

The performance and length of our COAs and charters and the actual or perceived credit quality of our contract counterparties, and any defaults by them, may materially affect our ability to obtain the additional capital resources required to purchase additional vessels or may significantly increase our costs of obtaining such capital. Our inability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all may materially affect our results of operations and our ability to implement our business strategy.

We intend to partially finance the acquisition of vessels with borrowings drawn under credit facilities or finance lease obligations. While we may refinance amounts drawn under our credit facilities with the net proceeds of future debt and equity offerings, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so at interest rates and on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. If we are not able to refinance these amounts with the net proceeds of debt and equity offerings at an interest rate or on terms

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acceptable to us or at all, we will have to dedicate a larger portion of our cash flow from operations to pay the principal and interest of this indebtedness. If we are not able to satisfy these obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans or sell vessels. The actual or perceived credit quality of our contract counterparties, any defaults by them and the market value of our fleet, among other things, may materially affect our ability to obtain alternative financing. In addition, debt service payments under our credit facilities, finance lease obligations or alternative financing may limit funds otherwise available for working capital, capital expenditures, the payment of dividends and other purposes. If we are unable to meet our debt obligations, or if we otherwise default under our credit facilities or alternative financing arrangements, our lenders could declare the debt, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable and foreclose on our fleet, which could result in the acceleration of other indebtedness that we may have at such time and the commencement of similar foreclosure proceedings by other lenders.

We depend on our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other key employees, and the loss of their services would have a material adverse effect on our business, results and financial condition.

We depend on the efforts, knowledge, skill, reputations and business contacts of our Chief Executive Officer, Edward Coll, our Chief Financial Officer, Gianni Del Signore, our Chief Operating Officer, Mark Filanowski, and other key employees, including Mads Boye Petersen, Peter Koken, Robert Seward, Neil McLaughlin and Fotis Doussopoulos. Accordingly, our success will depend on the continued service of these individuals. We do not have employment agreements with our executive officers or employees. We may experience departures of senior executive officers and other key employees, and we cannot predict the impact that any of their departures would have on our ability to achieve our financial objectives. The loss of the services of any of them could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations will result in fluctuations in our cash flows and operating results.

We may generate our revenues and incur some of our operating expenses and general and administrative expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This difference could lead to fluctuations in our revenues and vessel operating expenses, which would affect our financial results. Expenses incurred in foreign currencies increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls, which would reduce our profitability. Our operating results could suffer as a result.

We may be subject to litigation, arbitration and other proceedings that could have an adverse effect on our business

We may be, from time to time, involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of business, or otherwise. These matters may include, among other things, contract disputes, personal injury claims, environmental matters, governmental claims for taxes or duties, securities, or maritime matters. The potential costs to resolve any claim or other litigation matter, or a combination of these, may have a material adverse effect on us because of potential negative outcomes, the costs associated with asserting our claims or defending such lawsuits, and the diversion of management's attention to these matters.

United States tax authorities could treat us as a “passive foreign investment company,” which could have adverse United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders

A foreign corporation will be treated as a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of “passive income” or (2) at least 50% of the average value of the corporation's assets produce or are held for the production of those types of “passive income.” For purposes of these tests, “passive income” includes dividends, interest, and gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents and royalties other than rents and royalties which are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of services does not constitute “passive income.” United States shareholders of a PFIC are subject to a disadvantageous United States federal income tax regime with respect to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they receive from the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their shares in the PFIC.

Based on our proposed method of operation, we do not believe that we will be a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. In this regard, we intend to treat the gross income we derive or are deemed to derive from our time chartering activities as services income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, we believe that our income from our time chartering activities does not constitute “passive income,” and the assets that we own and operate in connection with the production of that income do not constitute passive assets.

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There is, however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our proposed method of operation. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the United States Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, or a court of law will accept our position, and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we would not constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there were to be changes in the nature and extent of our operations.

If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year, our United States shareholders will face adverse United States tax consequences. Under the PFIC rules, unless those shareholders make an election available under the Code (which election could itself have adverse consequences for such shareholders), such shareholders would be liable to pay United States federal income tax at the then prevailing income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest upon excess distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our common shares, as if the excess distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over the shareholder’s holding period of our common shares.

We may have to pay tax on United States source income, which would reduce our earnings

Under sections 863(c)(3) and 887(a) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the “Code,” 50% of the gross shipping income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation, such as ourselves and our subsidiaries, that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States may be subject to a 4% United States federal income tax without allowance for deduction, unless that corporation qualifies for exemption from tax under section 883 of the Code and the applicable Treasury Regulations recently promulgated thereunder.

If we or our subsidiaries are not entitled to exemption under Code section 883 for any taxable year, we or our subsidiaries could be subject for those years to an effective 2% United States federal income tax on the shipping income these companies derive during the year that are attributable to the transport of cargoes to or from the United States. The imposition of this taxation would have a negative effect on our business and would result in decreased earnings available for distribution to our shareholders.

We have had and in the future may identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements of our financial statements

Our management team is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and failure to protect these systems against security breaches could adversely affect our business and results of operations, including on our vessels. Additionally, if these systems fail or become unavailable for any significant period of time, our business could be harmed.

We rely on our computer systems and network infrastructure across our operations, including on our vessels. The safety and security of our vessels and efficient operation of our business, including processing, transmitting and storing electronic and financial information, are dependent on computer hardware and software systems, which are increasingly vulnerable to security breaches and other disruptions. Any significant interruption or failure of our information systems or any significant breach of security could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our vessels rely on information systems for a significant part of their operations, including navigation, provision of services, propulsion, machinery management, power control, communications and cargo management. We have in place safety and security measures on our vessels and onshore operations to secure our vessels against cyber-security attacks and any disruption to their information systems. However, these measures and technology may not adequately prevent security breaches despite our continuous efforts to upgrade and address the latest known threats. A disruption to the information system of any of our vessels could lead to, among other things, wrong routing, collision, grounding and propulsion failure.

Beyond our vessels, we rely on industry accepted security measures and technology to securely maintain confidential and proprietary information maintained on our information systems. However, these measures and technology may not adequately prevent security breaches. The technology and other controls and processes designed to secure our confidential and proprietary information, detect and remedy any unauthorized access to that information were designed to obtain reasonable, but not

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absolute, assurance that such information is secure and that any unauthorized access is identified and addressed appropriately. Such controls may in the future fail to prevent or detect, unauthorized access to our confidential and proprietary information. In addition, the foregoing events could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws. If confidential information is inappropriately accessed and used by a third party or an employee for illegal purposes, we may be responsible to the affected individuals for any losses they may have incurred as a result of misappropriation. In such an instance, we may also be subject to regulatory action, investigation or liable to a governmental authority for fines or penalties associated with a lapse in the integrity and security of our information systems.

Our operations, including our vessels, and business administration could be targeted by individuals or groups seeking to sabotage or disrupt such systems and networks, or to steal data, and these systems may be damaged, shutdown or cease to function properly (whether by planned upgrades, force majeure, telecommunications failures, hardware or software break-ins or viruses, other cyber-security incidents or otherwise). For example, the information systems of our vessels may be subject to threats from hostile cyber or physical attacks, phishing attacks, human errors of omission or commission, structural failures of resources we control, including hardware and software, and accidents and other failures beyond our control. The threats to our information systems are constantly evolving, and have become increasingly complex and sophisticated. Furthermore, such threats change frequently and are often not recognized or detected until after they have been launched, and therefore, we may be unable to anticipate these threats and may not become aware in a timely manner of such a security breach, which could exacerbate any damage we experience.

We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against and remedy any potential or existing security breaches and their consequences. A cyber-attack could result in significant expenses to investigate and repair security breaches or system damages and could lead to litigation, fines, other remedial action, heightened regulatory scrutiny and diminished customer confidence. In addition, our remediation efforts may not be successful and we may not have adequate insurance to cover these losses.

The unavailability of the information systems or the failure of these systems to perform as anticipated for any reason could disrupt our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Risks Related To Our Common Shares

Future sales of our common shares could cause the market price of our common shares to decline.

The market price of our common shares could decline due to sales of a large number of shares in the market, including sales of shares by our large shareholders, or the perception that these sales could occur. These sales could also make it more difficult or impossible for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate to raise funds through future offerings of common shares.

We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all or which may dilute our common shares or adversely affect its market price.

We may require additional capital to expand our business and increase revenues, add liquidity in response to negative economic conditions, meet unexpected liquidity needs caused by industry volatility or uncertainty and reduce our outstanding indebtedness under our existing facilities. To the extent that our existing capital and borrowing capabilities are insufficient to meet these requirements and cover any losses, we will need to raise additional funds through debt or equity financings, including offerings of our common shares, securities convertible into our common shares, or rights to acquire our common shares, or curtail our growth and reduce our assets or restructure arrangements with existing security holders. Any equity or debt financing, or additional borrowings, if available at all, may be on terms that are not favorable to us. Equity financings could result in dilution to our shareholders, as described further below, and the securities issued in future financings may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those of our common shares. If our need for capital arises because of significant losses, the occurrence of these losses may make it more difficult for us to raise the necessary capital. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms if and when needed, we may not be able to take advantage of future opportunities, grow our business or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements.

Future issuances of our common shares could dilute our shareholders’ interests in our company.

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We may, from time to time, issue additional common shares to support our growth strategy, reduce debt or provide us with capital for other purposes that our Board of Directors believes to be in our best interest. To the extent that an existing shareholder does not purchase additional shares that we issue, that shareholder’s interest in our company will be diluted, which means that its percentage of ownership in our company will be reduced. Following such a reduction, that shareholder’s common shares would represent a smaller percentage of the vote in our Board of Directors’ elections and other shareholder decisions.

Volatility in the market price and trading volume of our common shares could adversely impact the trading price of our common shares.

The stock market in recent years has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. These broad market factors may materially reduce the market price of our common shares, regardless of our operating performance. The market price of our common shares, which has experienced significant price fluctuations in the past twelve months, could continue to fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including in response to the risks described herein or for reasons unrelated to our operations, such as reports by industry analysts, investor perceptions or negative announcements by our competitors or suppliers regarding their own performance, as well as industry conditions and general financial, economic and political instability.

Classified Board of Directors.

Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes serving staggered, three-year terms. This classified board provision could discourage a third party from making a tender offer for our shares or attempting to obtain control of us. It could also delay shareholders who do not agree with the policies of our Board of Directors from removing a majority of our Board of Directors for up to two years.

We are incorporated in Bermuda and it may not be possible for our investors to enforce U.S. judgments against us.

We are incorporated in Bermuda and substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, one of our directors is a non-resident of the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such director’s assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for U.S. investors to serve process within the United States, upon us or our directors and executive officers, or to enforce a judgment against us for civil liabilities in United States courts.

In addition, you should not assume that courts in the countries in which we are incorporated or where our assets are located would enforce judgments of United States courts obtained in actions against us based upon the civil liability provisions of applicable United States federal and state securities laws or would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us based on those laws.

Because we are a foreign corporation, you may not have the same rights that a shareholder in a U.S. corporation may have.

We are a Bermuda exempted company. Our memorandum of association and bye-laws and the Companies Act, 1981 of Bermuda, or the Companies Act, govern our affairs. The Companies Act does not as clearly establish your rights and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors as do statutes and judicial precedent in some United States jurisdictions. Therefore, you may have more difficulty in protecting your interests as a shareholder in the face of actions by the management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a United States jurisdiction. There is a statutory remedy under Section 111 of the Companies Act which provides that a shareholder may seek redress in the courts as long as such shareholder can establish that our affairs are being conducted, or have been conducted, in a manner oppressive or prejudicial to the interests of some part of the shareholders, including such shareholder. However, you may not have the same rights that a shareholder in a United States corporation may have.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

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 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC, the administrative agent for the Company, maintains office space at 109 Long Wharf, Newport, Rhode Island 02840. The building is owned by 109 Long Wharf LLC (“Long Wharf”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company since September 1, 2014. Long Wharf was previously owned by certain of the Company’s Executive Officers and Directors. The Company leases office space in Copenhagen, Athens and Singapore.  

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We have not been involved in any legal proceedings which we believe are likely to have, or have had a significant effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows, nor are we aware of any proceedings that are pending or threatened which we believe are likely to have a significant effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally personal injury and property casualty claims. We expect that these claims would be covered by insurance, subject to customary deductibles.  Those claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. 

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common shares have been traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol PANL since our common shares began public trading on October 3, 2014.The Company's internet address is www.pangaeals.com.

Holders

As of March 15, 2021, the Company estimates that there were approximately 1,147 holders of record of our common shares.

Dividends 

Under our Bye-laws, our board of directors may declare dividends or distributions out of contributed surplus and may also pay interim dividends to be paid in cash, shares of the Company’s stock or any combination thereof. Our board of directors’ objective is to generate competitive returns for our shareholders. Any dividends declared will be in the sole discretion of the board of directors and will depend upon earnings, restrictions in our debt agreements described later in this prospectus, market prospects, current capital expenditure programs and investment opportunities, the provisions of Bermuda law affecting the payment of distributions to shareholders and other factors. Under Bermuda law, the board of directors has no discretion to declare or pay a dividend if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the Company is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due or the realizable value of the Company’s assets would thereby be less than its liabilities.

In addition, since we are a holding company with no material assets other than the shares of our subsidiaries through which we conduct our operations, our ability to pay dividends will depend on our subsidiaries’ distributing to us their earnings and cash flows. The Company paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.035 per common share commencing in May 2019. In March 2020 the Company suspended its dividend due to the uncertainty caused by COVID-19 global pandemic, however it declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.02 per common share in December 2020. We cannot assure you that we will be able to pay regular quarterly dividends, and our ability to pay dividends will be subject to the limitations set forth above and in the section of this Form 10-K titled “Risk Factors.” The Company has dividends payable of $1.0 million at December 31, 2020.

Use of Proceeds

Not applicable

Purchases of Equity Securities by Issuer and Affiliates

Not applicable

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plan

See Part III, Item 12 for information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plan.

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 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

(in thousands, except shipping days data)	As of and for the years ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Selected Data from the Consolidated Statements of Operations
Voyage revenue	$	349,738	$	365,715
Charter revenue	33,158		46,483
Total revenue	382,896		412,198
Voyage expense	161,881		165,479
Charter hire expense	127,769		132,950
Vessel operating expenses	38,047		45,266
Total cost of transportation and service revenue	327,697		343,695
Vessel depreciation and amortization	16,873		18,394
Gross Profit	38,326		50,109
Other operating expenses	16,097		17,514
Loss on impairment of vessels	1,801		4,751
Loss on sale of vessels	730		4,585
Income from operations	19,697		23,258
Total other expense, net	(7,005)		(6,209)
Net income	12,692		17,049
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,340)		(5,391)
Net income attributable to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.	$	11,352	$	11,658
Net income from continuing operations per common share information
Basic income per share	$	0.26	$	0.27
Diluted income per share	$	0.26	$	0.27
Weighted-average common shares Outstanding - basic	43,418		42,752
Weighted-average common shares Outstanding - diluted	43,817		43,267
Cash dividends declared per share	$	0.02	$	0.105
Adjusted EBITDA (1)	41,598		52,861
Shipping Days (2)
Voyage days	14,756		14,199
Time charter days	3,021		3,177
Total shipping days	17,777		17,376
TCE Rates ($/day)	$	12,433	$	14,199
Selected Data from the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	48,397	$	53,055
Total assets	$	450,404	$	479,903
Total secured debt, including obligations under finance leases	$	159,389	$	176,688
Total shareholders' equity	$	234,431	$	243,072
Selected Data from the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	20,836	$	44,459
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(6,888)	$	(46,602)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(18,606)	$	(916)

Amounts in the table above have been calculated based on unrounded numbers. Accordingly, certain amounts may not appear to recalculate due to the effect of rounding.

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(1)Adjusted EBITDA represents operating earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, loss on sale and leaseback of vessels and other non-operating income and/or expense, if any. Adjusted EBITDA is included because it is used by management and certain investors to measure operating performance and is also reviewed periodically as a measure of financial performance by Pangaea's Board of Directors. Adjusted EBITDA is not an item recognized by the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income, or any other indicator of a company's operating performance required by U.S. GAAP. Pangaea’s definition of Adjusted EBITDA used here may not be comparable to the definition of EBITDA used by other companies.

(2)Shipping days are defined as the aggregate number of days in a period during which its owned or chartered-in vessels are performing either a voyage charter (voyage days) or time charter (time charter days).

The reconciliation of gross profit to net transportation and service revenue and income from operations to Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

(in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Net Transportation and Service Revenue (3)
Gross Profit (4)	$	38,326	$	50,109
Add:
Vessel Depreciation and Amortization	16,873		18,394
Net transportation and service revenue	$	55,199	$	68,503
Adjusted EBITDA
Income from operations	$	19,697	$	23,258
Depreciation and amortization	17,055		18,529
Loss on sale of vessel	730		4,585
Loss on impairment of vessels	$	1,801	$	4,751
Share-based compensation	$	2,315	$	1,737
Adjusted EBITDA	$	41,598	$	52,860

Amounts in the table above have been calculated based on unrounded numbers. Accordingly, certain amounts may not appear to recalculate due to the effect of rounding.

(3)Net transportation and service revenue represents total revenue less the total direct costs of transportation and services, which includes charter hire, voyage and vessel operating expenses. Net transportation and service revenue is included because it is used by management and certain investors to measure performance by comparison to other logistic service providers. Net transportation and service revenue is not an item recognized by the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income, or any other indicator of a company's operating performance required by U.S. GAAP. Pangaea’s definition of net transportation and service revenue used here may not be comparable to an operating measure used by other companies.

(4)Gross profit represents total revenue less net transportation and service revenue and less vessel depreciation and amortization.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto contained in this report.

Forward Looking Statements

All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-K including, without limitation, statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward looking statements. When used in this Form 10-K, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward looking statements. Such forward looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward looking statements as a result of the risk factors and other factors detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, above. All subsequent written or oral forward looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are qualified in their entirety by this paragraph.

Overview 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

As discussed in Note 3, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of our Financial Statements, which more fully describes our significant accounting policies, the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to exercise judgment in the process of applying our accounting policies. It also requires that we make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting policies and estimates that we believe are most critical to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations are listed below. We believe these policies require the most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments in estimating the effect of inherent uncertainties.

Revenue Recognition: Voyage revenues represent revenues earned by the Company, principally from providing transportation services under voyage charters. A voyage charter involves the carriage of a specific amount and type of cargo on a load port to discharge port basis, subject to various cargo handling terms. Under a voyage charter, the service revenues are earned and recognized ratably over the duration of the voyage. A contract is accounted for when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

Estimated losses under a voyage charter are provided for in full at the time such losses become probable. Demurrage, which is included in voyage revenues, represents payments by the charterer to the vessel owner when loading and discharging time exceed the stipulated time in the voyage charter. Demurrage is measured in accordance with the provisions of the respective charter agreements and the circumstances under which demurrage revenues arise. Demurrage revenue is included in the calculation of voyage revenue and recognized ratably over the duration of the voyage to which it pertains. Voyage revenue recognized is presented net of address commissions.

Charter revenues relate to a time charter arrangement under which the Company is paid to provide transportation services on a per day basis for a specified period of time. Revenues from time charters are earned and recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter, as the vessel operates under the charter. Revenue is not earned when vessels are offhire.

Long-lived Assets Impairment Considerations: The carrying values of the Company’s vessels may not represent their fair market value or the amount that could be obtained by selling the vessel at any point in time because the market prices of second-hand vessels tend to fluctuate with changes in charter rates and the pricing of new vessels, which tend to be cyclical. The carrying value of each group of vessels classified as held and used are reviewed for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a particular group may not be fully recoverable. In such instances, an impairment charge would be recognized if the estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the group and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying value. This assessment is made at the assets group level, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other groups of assets. The asset groups established by the Company are defined by vessel size and major characteristic or trade.

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The significant factors and assumptions used in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow analysis include the Company’s estimate of future time charter equivalent "TCE" rates based on current rates under existing charters and contracts. When existing contracts expire, the Company uses an estimated TCE based on actual results and extends these rates out to the end of the vessel’s useful life. TCE rates can be highly volatile, may affect the fair value of the Company’s vessels and may have a significant impact on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying amount of its fleet. Accordingly, the volatility is contemplated in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow by using a sensitivity analysis based on percent changes in the TCE rates. The Company prepares a series of scenarios in an attempt to capture the range of possible trends and outcomes. Projected net operating cash flows are net of brokerage and address commissions and assume no revenue on scheduled offhire days. The Company uses the current vessel operating expense budget, estimated costs of drydocking and historical general and administrative expenses as the basis for its expected outflows, and applies an inflation factor it considers appropriate. The net of these inflows and outflows, plus an estimated salvage value, constitutes the projected undiscounted future cash flows. If these projected cash flows do not exceed the carrying value of the asset group, an impairment charge would be calculated. Measurement of the impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset as provided by third parties.

The Company concluded that no triggering event had occurred during the first, third and fourth quarter of 2020 which would require impairment testing. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company determined that a triggering event occurred related to a sale of a vessel, as the carrying value exceeded its fair value. A loss on impairment of $1.8 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2020 when the Memorandum of Agreement was signed. The Company performed an impairment analysis on each asset group and concluded the estimated undiscounted future cash flows were higher than their carrying amount and as such, no additional loss on impairment was recognized.

At December 31, 2019, the Company had accepted an offer to sell the m/v Bulk Patriot below the carrying amount of the vessel, to be delivered in the first quarter of 2020. As a result, a loss on impairment of the vessel for an amount totaling $4.8 million, which was equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the agreed upon sale value less estimated costs to sell, was included in the consolidated statements of operations. The vessel has been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019. The Company identified additional potential triggering events that resulted from the loss recognized on the sale of other vessels in the fourth quarter of 2019 of $4.6 million.

As a result, the Company evaluated each asset group for impairment by estimating the total undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset group and its eventual disposal. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows were higher than the carrying amount of each asset group in the Company's fleet and as such, no other loss on impairment was recognized. No impairment indicator existed during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. 

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The table set forth below indicates the purchase price of the Company’s vessels and the net carrying amount of each vessel as of December 31, 2020.

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)

Vessel Name	Date Acquired	Size	Year Build	Purchase Price		Net Carrying Amount
m/v Bulk Endurance	January 2017	UMX - 1C	2017	$	28,000	$	24,025
m/v Bulk Destiny	January 2017	UMX - 1C	2017	24,000		20,636
m/v Nordic Oasis	January 2016	PMX-1A	2016	32,600		28,029
m/v Nordic Olympic	February 2015	PMX-1A	2015	32,600		27,341
m/v Nordic Odin	February 2015	PMX-1A	2015	32,625		27,422
m/v Nordic Oshima	September 2014	PMX-1A	2014	33,709		26,966
m/v Nordic Orion	April 2012	PMX-1A	2011	32,363		22,625
m/v Nordic Odyssey	April 2012	PMX-1A	2010	32,691		24,481
m/v Bulk Friendship	September 2019	SMX	2011	14,447		13,431
m/v Bulk Independence	May 2019	SMX	2008	14,393		14,021
m/v Bulk Pride	December 2017	SMX	2008	14,023		14,629
m/v Bulk Trident	September 2012	SMX	2006	17,010		11,509
m/v Bulk Freedom	June 2017	SMX	2005	9,016		9,458
m/v Bulk Newport	September 2013	SMX	2003	15,546		11,966
m/v Bulk Spirit	February 2019	SMX	2009	13,000		12,849
m/v Bulk Pangaea	December 2009	PMX	1996	26,500		13,636
m/v Bulk PODS	August 2018	PMX	2006	14,010		13,095
Miss Nora G. Pearl	November 2017	Deck Barge	1979	3,833		3,162
Total				$	390,366	$	319,281

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. Companies can apply the ASU immediately, however the guidance will only be available until December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. For most financial assets, such as trade and other receivables, loans and other instruments, this standard changes the current incurred loss model to a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The new standard is effective for the Company at the beginning of 2023. Entities are required to apply the provisions of the standard through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently assessing the new guidance and its impact on its consolidated financial statements, and it intends to adopt the guidance when it becomes effective in the first quarter of 2023.

Important Financial and Operational Terms and Concepts

The Company uses a variety of financial and operational terms and concepts when analyzing its performance.

These include revenue recognition, deferred revenue, allowance for doubtful accounts, vessels and depreciation and long-lived assets impairment considerations, as defined above as well as the following:

Voyage Expenses. The Company incurs expenses for voyage charters, including bunkers (fuel), port charges, canal tolls, brokerage commissions and cargo handling operations, which are expensed as incurred.

Charter Expenses. The Company charters in vessels to supplement its owned fleet to support its voyage charter operations. The Company hires vessels under time charters with third party vessel owners, and recognizes the charter hire payments as an expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter. Charter hire payments are typically made in advance, and the

51

unrecognized portion is reflected as advance hire in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Under the time charters, the vessel owner is responsible for the vessel operating costs such as crews, maintenance and repairs, insurance, and stores.

Vessel Operating Expenses. Vessel operating expenses represent the cost to operate the Company’s owned vessels. Vessel operating expenses include crew hire and related costs, the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the cost of spares and consumable stores, tonnage taxes, other miscellaneous expenses, and technical management fees. These expenses are recognized as incurred. Technical management services include day-to-day vessel operations, performing general vessel maintenance, ensuring regulatory and classification society compliance, arranging the hire of crew, and purchasing stores, supplies, and spare parts. 

Fleet Data. The Company believes that the measures for analyzing future trends in its results of operations consist of the following:

• Shipping days. The Company defines shipping days as the aggregate number of days in a period during which its owned or chartered-in vessels are performing either a voyage charter (voyage days) or a time charter (time charter days).

• Daily vessel operating expenses. The Company defines daily vessel operating expenses as vessel operating expenses divided by ownership days for the period. Vessel operating expenses include crew hire and related costs, the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the costs of spares and consumable stores, tonnage taxes, other miscellaneous expenses, and technical management fees.

• Chartered in days. The Company defines chartered in days as the aggregate number of days in a period during which it chartered in vessels from third party vessel owners.

• Time Charter Equivalent ‘‘TCE’’ rates. The Company defines TCE rates as total revenues less voyage expenses divided by the length of the voyage, which is consistent with industry standards. TCE rate is a common shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare daily earnings generated by vessels on time charters with daily earnings generated by vessels on voyage charters, because rates for vessels on voyage charters are generally not expressed in per-day amounts while rates for vessels on time charters generally are expressed in per-day amounts.

Business Overview

The seaborne drybulk transportation industry is cyclical and can be volatile. Overall the Baltic Dry Index (“BDI”), a measure of dry bulk market performance, averaged 1,085 for 2020, down from an average of 1,329 for 2019. Seasonal volatility within the year resulted in an intra-year low of 487 in January and a high of 1,799 in June. More specifically, and reflecting the composition of the Company's fleet, the average published market rates for Supramax and Panamax vessels decreased approximately 21% from an average of $10,093 in 2019 to $8,020 in 2020. We have historically experienced fluctuations in our results of operations on a quarterly and annual basis. We expect to experience continued fluctuations in our operating results in the foreseeable future due to a variety of factors, including dislocation in supply of vessels, demand for commodities carried on our vessels, competition, and seasonality.

Although our trades are not heavily focused on China, the dry bulk sector of the shipping industry is closely correlated to economic activity in China, which was the first country to be impacted by COVID-19. This resulted in closures and an overall contraction in China's economic output in January and February 2020. By March 2020, China began to loosen restrictions and show some signs of economic recovery which resulted in a slight rebound in the BDI. However, also in early March, the global spread of the virus accelerated, especially in parts of Europe and the United States resulting in various forms of nationwide shut downs. Global economic output continues to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The continued implications of these shutdowns on the demand for dry bulk goods will be highly dependent on the duration and how quickly various countries can return to normal levels of industrial activity, which is uncertain.

Given the uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken steps to manage and reduce operating costs, further enhance our financial flexibility, and protect the health and safety of our crew and shore based employees. Consistent with our chartering strategy we have redelivered chartered-in vessels when possible and continue to charter in new vessels, when needed, for short term periods to limit our exposure to further volatility in the market and to manage our time charter expenses in future periods. Further, in March 2020 we temporarily suspended our dividend to maintain a strong liquidity position and only recently in December 2020 reinstated a $0.02 per common share quarterly dividend. We have implemented stricter protocols around crew changes, and required quarantine periods, and shore based employees in our Newport, Copenhagen, Singapore and Athens offices continue to comply with local and international guidelines as we begin to return to our office locations.

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TCE Performance

The Company's TCE rates were down 12% from $14,199 for year ended December 31, 2019 to $12,433 for the year ended December 31, 2020. However the Company's achieved TCE rates continued to outperform against the average of the Baltic panamax and supramax market indexes and exceeded the average market rates by approximately 55% due to its cargo-focused strategy and specialized fleet.

2020 Highlights

•Net income attributable to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. of $11.4 million as compared to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

•Income from operations of $19.7 million, down from $23.3 million for 2019.

•Earnings per share were $0.26 as compared to $0.27 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

•Cash flow from operations of $20.8 million, compared to $44.5 million for the prior year.

•Pangaea's TCE rates decreased 12% to $12,433 from $14,199 in 2019 while the market average for the year was approximately $8,020 per day.

•At December 31, 2020, Pangaea had $48.4 million in cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents.

•The Company acquired an additional one-third equity interest in its partially-owned consolidated subsidiary Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd., which owns six modern 1-A ice-class panamax bulk vessels, increasing its equity interest to 66.7%.

Results of Operations

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019 

Revenues

Pangaea’s revenues are derived predominantly from voyage charters and time charters. Total revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, was $382.9 million compared to $412.2 million, for the same period in 2019. The number of shipping days increased 2% to 17,777 in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, from 17,376 for the same period in 2019. The revenue decrease was due to a 12% decrease in the average TCE rate, which was $12,433 per day for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, compared to $14,199 per day for the same period in 2019.

Components of revenue are as follows:

Voyage revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, decreased 4% to $349.7 million from $365.7 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease in voyage revenues was primarily due to lower average TCE rates as noted above. This was offset by an increase in voyage days of 4% to 14,756 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 compared to 14,199 for the same period in 2019.

Charter revenues decreased 29%, to $33.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $46.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in charter revenues was due to a decline in time charter days and a decrease in drybulk market rates as discussed above. Time charter days were down 5% to 3,021 in 2020 from 3,177 in 2019. The optionality of our chartering strategy allows the Company to selectively release excess ship days, if any, into the market under time charters arrangements.

Voyage Expenses

Voyage expenses for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 were $161.9 million compared to $165.5 million for the year ended 2019, a decrease of approximately 2%. The decrease in voyage expenses was primarily due to total cost of bunkers consumed in the year ended December 31, 2020 decreasing approximately 11% from the same period of 2019. The benchmark, Brent crude oil, averaged $42 per barrel in 2020 compared to $64 per barrel in 2019, a decline of approximately 34%. This was offset by an increase in voyage days of 4% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019.

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Charter Hire Expenses

The Company charters in vessels, typically on short term basis, from other shipowners to supplement its owned fleet. Charter expenses paid to third party shipowners decreased to $127.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $133.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The 4% decrease in charter expenses was due to the 16% decrease in chartered in rates, which were $11,058 per day in 2020 as compared to $13,170 per day in 2019. This was offset by an increase in chartered in days of 14%, which were 11,554 in 2020 compared to 10,095 in 2019. This reflects the Company's ability to adapt to changing market conditions by adjusting the chartered-in profile to meet its client's cargo commitments.

Vessel Operating Expenses

Vessel operating expenses decreased 16%, from $45.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $38.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in vessel operating expenses was primarily due to the sale of vessels in the fourth quarter of 2019 and 2020, which decreased the total number of owned days from 7,521 in 2019, to 6,343 in 2020, a 16% decrease year over year. Excluding technical management fees, vessel operating expenses on a per day basis were $5,432 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and $5,466 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. Technical management fees were approximately $3.6 million and $4.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased from $17.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $15.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was due to reduction in travel expenses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the reduction of incentive compensation.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $1.5 million or 8.0% due to the 16% decrease in ownership days to 6,343 days in 2020 from 7,521 days in 2019, offset by an increased in the amortization of deferred drydocking costs. The decrease in ownership days is due to the sale of vessels, as noted above, which were sold as part of a fleet renewal plan.

Loss on sale of vessels

The Company recorded a loss of $0.7 million on the sale of the m/v Bulk Beothuk, and m/v Bulk Patriot, offset by a small gain on the sale of the m/v Bulk Barents in the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company recorded a loss of $4.6 million on the sales of m/v Bulk Juliana and m/v Bulk Bothnia in the year ended December 31, 2019.

Impairment of vessels

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $1.8 million and $4.8 million of impairment of vessel assets, respectively. On June 29, 2020 the Company entered into an agreement to sell the Bulk Beothuk for $4.6 million, the sale was finalized and the vessel delivered to its new owner on August 4, 2020. A loss on impairment of $1.8 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2020 when the Memorandum of Agreement was signed as the carrying value of the assets exceeded the fair value. On October 28, 2019, the Company entered into a memorandum of agreement for the sale of m/v Bulk Patriot below the carrying amount of the vessel, the vessel was delivered in the first quarter of 2020. As a result, the Company recorded a loss on impairment of the vessel totaling $4.8 million, which is equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the agreed upon sale value. 

Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments

The Company assesses risk associated with fluctuating future freight rates and bunker prices, when appropriate, actively hedges identified economic risk that may impact the operating income of long-term cargo contracts with forward freight agreements or bunker swaps. The usage of such derivatives can lead to fluctuations in the Company’s reported results from operations on a period-to-period basis. The Company recorded an unrealized loss on derivative instruments of $0.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2020 and recorded an unrealized gain of $2.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2019. Refer to Note 6 Margin Account, Derivative and Fair Value Measures to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity and Cash Needs

The Company has historically financed its capital requirements with cash flow from operations, the issuance of common stock, proceeds from related party debt, proceeds from non controlling interests, and proceeds from long-term debt and finance lease financing arrangements. The Company has used its capital primarily to fund operations, vessel acquisitions, and the repayment of debt and the associated interest expense. The Company may consider debt or additional equity financing alternatives from time to time. However, if market conditions deteriorate, the Company may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing on acceptable terms or at all. As a result, the Company may be unable to pursue opportunities to expand its business.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had working capital of $2.2 million and $37.1 million, respectively. The significant reduction in working capital is the result of balloon payments on the Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd., Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd., and Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreements that are due and payable in October 2021. On March 8, 2021, the Company obtained a commitment letter from its lenders for a principal amount of $53 million. The proceeds from the new senior secured loan will be used to repay in full of the outstanding debt under: (i) the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement of Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. And Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. dated September 28, 2015., (ii) the Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreement dated December 11, 2015, and (iii) for general corporate purposes. The refinance is expected to be completed within March of 2021.

Considerations made by management in assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern are its ability to consistently generate positive cash flows from operations, which were approximately $20.8 million in 2020, and $44.5 million in 2019; its excess of cash and cash restricted by facility agents over the current portion of secured long-term debt and finance lease obligations, and its focus on contract employment (COAs). In addition, the Company has demonstrated its ability to adapt to changing market conditions by changing the chartered-in profile to meet its cargo commitments. The Company believes that future operating cash flows together with cash on hand, availability of borrowings, and contributions from non controlling interests will be sufficient to meet our future operating and capital expenditure cash requirements for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future. For more information on the results of operations, see Part II. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Results of Operations.

Capital Expenditures

The Company’s capital expenditures relate to the purchase of vessels and interests in vessels, and to capital improvements to its vessels which are expected to enhance the revenue earning capabilities and safety of these vessels. The Company’s owned and controlled fleet at December 31, 2020 includes: eight Panamax drybulk carriers (six of which are Ice-Class 1A); seven Supramax drybulk carriers, and two Ultramax drybulk carriers (both of which are Ice-Class IC).

In addition to vessel acquisitions that the Company may undertake in future periods, its other major capital expenditures include funding its program of regularly scheduled drydockings necessary to make improvements to its vessels, as well as to comply with international shipping standards and environmental laws and regulations. This includes installation of ballast water treatment systems required under new regulations, the cost of which will be $0.5 million to $0.7 million per vessel. The Company has some flexibility regarding the timing of drydocking, but the total cost is unpredictable. Funding of these requirements is anticipated to be met with cash from operations. The Company anticipates that this process of recertification will require it to reposition these vessels from a discharge port to shipyard facilities, which will reduce the Company’s available days and operating days during that period.

The following table summarizes Pangaea’s net cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

(in millions)	2020		2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	20.8	$	44.5
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(6.9)	$	(46.6)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(18.6)	$	(0.9)

Operating Activities  

Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $20.8 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $44.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease is predominantly due to the decrease in net income after adjusting for non-cash losses attributable to impairment of vessels and loss on sale of vessels,

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and to changes in operating assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in these accounts stem from changes in market rates and to the timing of voyages that are in progress at the balance sheet date.

Investing Activities  

Net cash used in investing activities was $6.9 million for 2020, which consists primarily $15.0 million paid to acquire an additional one-third interest in NBHC. Refer to Note11 Other Long-Term Liabilities for further information. This use of cash was offset by proceeds from the sale of three vessels of $11.7 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was $46.6 million for 2019, which consists primarily of $41.4 million paid to acquire vessels, offset by proceeds from the sale of two vessels for $10.4 million. In addition, the Company paid $15.4 million in deposits for the four newbuild vessels under construction.

Financing Activities  

Net cash used in financing activities was $18.6 million for 2020, which consists of $18.0 million of proceeds from secured credit facilities; repayments of $23.0 million on credit facilities and repayments of $12.5 million on financing arrangements.

Net cash used in financing activities was $0.9 million for 2019, which consists of $14.0 million of proceeds from secured credit facilities and $25.6 million of proceeds from financing arrangements; $3.0 million payments of financing fees; $2.6 million of repayments of related party debt; $20.6 million repayments of credit facilities and repayments of $6.6 million on financing arrangements; $8.1 million of dividends paid on common stock and $4.7 million of dividends paid on non-controlling interests; the Company received $5.2 million from the non-controlling interest contribution.

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Borrowing Activities

Long-term debt consists of the following:  

	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Interest Rate (%) (1)		Maturity Date
Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	$	25,466,300	$	28,466,300	4.01	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. Loan Agreement (2) (3)	—		12,854,405		N/A		December 2020
Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (2)	12,004,295		13,504,295		2.48	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreement	14,000,000		15,500,000		4.30	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility	18,000,000		—		2.95	%	December 2027
The Amended Senior Facility - Dated May 13, 2019 (formerly The Amended Senior Facility - Dated December 21, 2017)
Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. - Tranche A	12,233,329		13,299,997		3.69	%	May 2024
Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. - Tranche B	2,590,000		2,850,000		1.93	%	May 2024
Bulk Pride - Tranche C	5,200,000		6,300,000		4.69	%	May 2024
Bulk Independence - Tranche E	12,500,000		13,500,000		2.84	%	May 2024
Bulk Freedom Loan Agreement	3,200,000		3,800,000		4.03	%	June 2022
109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan	593,666		703,266		2.14	%	April 2026
Total	$	105,787,590	$	110,778,263
Less: unamortized bank fees	(3,897,208)		(4,137,872)
	$	101,890,382	$	106,640,391
Less: current portion	(57,382,674)		(22,990,674)
Secured long-term debt, net	$	44,507,708	$	83,649,717

(1)As of December 31, 2020.

(2)The borrowers under this facility are owned by NBHC. The Company has two-third's ownership interest and STST has one-third ownership interest in NBHC. NBHC is consolidated in accordance with ASC 810-10 and as such, amounts pertaining to the non-controlling ownership held by the third parties in the financial position of NBHC are reported as non-controlling interest in the accompanying balance sheets.

(3)This facility is cross-collateralized by the vessels m/v Bulk Endurance, m/v Bulk Pride, and m/v Bulk Independence and is guaranteed by the Company.

Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. And Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. – Dated September 28, 2015 - Amended and Restated Loan Agreement

The amended agreement advanced $21,750,000 in respect of each the m/v Nordic Odin and the m/v Nordic Olympic; $13,500,000 in respect of each the m/v Nordic Odyssey and the m/v Nordic Orion, and $21,000,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Oshima.

The agreement requires repayment of the advances as follows:

In respect of the Odin and Olympic advances, repayment to be made in 28 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 per borrower (one of which was paid prior to the amendment by each borrower) and balloon payments of $11,233,150 due with each of the final installments in October 2021.

In respect of the Odyssey and Orion advances, repayment to be made in 20 quarterly installments of $375,000 per borrower and balloon payments of $5,677,203 due with each of the final installments in September 2020. In September 2020 the Company amended the facility to make an additional quarterly installment of $375,000 per borrower and extend the balloon payments to December 2020 which were paid in full on December 23, 2020.

In respect of the Oshima advance, repayment to be made in 28 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 and a balloon payment of $11,254,295 due with the final installment in October 2021.

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Interest on 50% of the advances to Odin and Olympic was fixed at 3.95% in January 2017. Interest on the remaining advances to Odin and Olympic was floating at LIBOR plus 2.0% and was fixed at 4.07% on April 27, 2017. Interest on 50% of the advance to Oshima was fixed at 4.16% in January 2017. Interest on the remaining advance to Oshima is floating at LIBOR plus 2.25% (2.48% at December 31, 2020).

The amended loan is secured by first preferred mortgages on the m/v Nordic Odin, m/v Nordic Olympic and m/v Nordic Oshima, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the three entities, and by guarantees of their shareholders.

The amended agreement contains one financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain minimum liquidity and a collateral maintenance ratio clause, which requires the aggregate fair market value of the vessels plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with this clause.

The Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. - Loan Agreement - Dated December 11, 2015

The agreement advanced $21,500,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Oasis. The agreement requires repayment of the advance in 24 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 beginning on March 28, 2016 and a balloon payment of $12,500,000 due with the final installment in October 2021. Interest on this advance is fixed at 4.30%.

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Nordic Oasis, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with this covenant.

The Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility - Dated December 23, 2020.

The agreement advanced $18,000,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion. The agreement requires repayment of the advance in 28 equal quarterly principal and interest installments of $571,821 beginning on March 23, 2021 and a balloon payment of $4,400,000 due with the final installment in December 2027. Interest on this advance is fixed at 2.95%.

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. As of December 31, 2020 the Company was in compliance with this covenant.

The Amended Senior Facility - Dated May 13, 2019 (previously identified as The Amended Senior Facility - Dated December 21, 2017)

On May 13, 2019, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Bulk Endurance, Bulk Pride and Bulk Independence entered into the Second Amendatory Agreement, (the "Second Amendment"), amending and supplementing the First Amendatory Agreement dated December 17, 2017. The Second Amendment advanced $14,000,000 under Tranche E in respect to the m/v Bulk Independence, extended maturity dates on Tranche A, B, and C to May 2024, and reduced applicable interest rate margin on Tranche A, B, and C to 1.70% for the first eight quarters following the drawdown of Tranche E, and 2.40% thereafter.

Bulk Endurance Tranche A and B

The amended agreement advanced $19,500,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Endurance on January 7, 2017, in two tranches. The agreement requires repayment of Tranche A, totaling $16,000,000, in three equal quarterly installments of $100,000 beginning on April 7, 2017 and 27 equal quarterly installments of $266,667. A balloon payment of $8,766,658 is due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 3.69% through March 2021, fixed at 4.39% through December 2021, and fixed at 3.46% thereafter. The agreement also advanced $3,500,000 under Tranche B, which is payable in 28 equal quarterly installments of $65,000 beginning on September 27, 2017, and a balloon payment of $1,745,000 due with the final

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installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance is floating at LIBOR plus 1.70% (1.93% at December 31, 2020) through March 2021, and thereafter at LIBOR plus 2.4%.

Bulk Pride Tranche C and D

The amended agreement advanced $10,000,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Pride on December 21, 2017, in two tranches. The agreement requires repayment of Tranche C, totaling $8,500,000, in 26 equal quarterly installments of $275,000 beginning in March 2018 and a balloon payment of $1,350,000 due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 4.69% through March 2021, fixed at 5.39% through December 2021, and fixed at 3.6% thereafter. The agreement also advanced $1,500,000 under Tranche D, which is payable in 4 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 beginning in September 2018. Tranche D was fully repaid in June 2019.

Bulk Independence Tranche E

The amended agreement advanced $14,000,000 under Tranche E in respect of the m/v Bulk Independence on May 13, 2019, which requires repayment of 20 equal quarterly installments of $250,000 beginning in September 2019 and a balloon payment of $9,000,000 due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 3.48% through March 31, 2020, fixed at 2.84% through December 31, 2021 and fixed at 3.54% thereafter.

The loan is secured by first preferred mortgages on the m/v Bulk Endurance, the m/v Bulk Pride and the m/v Bulk Independence, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a minimum liquidity requirement, positive working capital of the borrower and a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The Bulk Freedom Corp. Loan Agreement -- Dated June 14, 2017

The agreement advanced $5,500,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Freedom on June 14, 2017. The agreement requires repayment of the loan in 8 quarterly installments of $175,000 and 12 quarterly installments of $150,000 beginning on September 14, 2017. A balloon payment of $2,300,000 is due on June 14, 2022 with the final installment. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 3.75% (4.03% at December 31, 2020).

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Bulk Freedom, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan

Initial amount of $1,096,000 entered into on May 27, 2016. The Long Wharf Construction to Term Loan was repaid from the proceeds of this new facility. The loan is payable in 120 equal monthly installments of $9,133. Interest is floating at the 30 day LIBOR plus 2.00% (2.14% at December 31, 2020). The loan is collateralized by all real estate located at 109 Long Wharf, Newport, RI, and a corporate guarantee of the Company. The loan contains a maximum loan to value covenant and a debt service coverage ratio. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

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The future minimum annual payments under the debt agreements are as follows: 

	Years ending December 31,
2021	$	57,382,674
2022	7,965,048
2023	5,419,597
2024	24,292,430
2025	2,106,956
Thereafter	8,620,885
	$	105,787,590

Related Party Transactions

Amounts and notes payable to related parties consist of the following:

	December 31, 2019		Activity		December 31, 2020
Included in trade accounts receivable and voyage revenue on the consolidated balance sheets and statements of income, respectively:
Trade receivables due from King George Slag(i)	$	457,629	$	(350,670)	$	106,959
Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets:
Trade payables due to Seamar (ii)	$	5,679,768	$	(1,528,576)	$	4,151,192
Included in current related party notes payable on the consolidated balance sheets:
Interest payable – 2011 Founders Note	332,987		(90,135)		242,852
Total current related party notes payable	$	332,987	$	(90,135)	$	242,852

 

i.King George Slag LLC is a joint venture of which the Company owns 25%.

ii.Seamar Management S.A. ("Seamar")

Under the terms of a technical management agreement between the Company and Seamar Management S.A. (Seamar), an equity method investee, Seamar is responsible for the day-to-day operation of some of the Company’s owned vessels. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred technical management fees of $2,761,800 and $3,364,200 under this arrangement, which is included in vessel operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The total amounts payable to Seamar at December 31, 2020 and 2019, (including amounts due for vessel operating expenses), were $4,151,192 and $5,679,768, respectively. 

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Accrued dividends consist of the following:

	2013 common stock dividend (2)		Dividends payable on issued and outstanding common stock(1)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4,063,598	$	—	$	4,063,598
Accrued dividend	—		4,658,576		4,658,576
Paid in cash	(3,585,239)		(4,504,974)		(8,090,213)
Balance at December 31, 2019	478,359		153,602		631,961
Accrued dividend	—		908,955		908,955
Paid in cash	(478,359)		(56,794)		(535,153)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	—	$	1,005,763	$	1,005,763

(1) Accrued dividends on unvested restricted shares under the Company's incentive compensation plan, plus accrued dividends declared on December 16, 2020 to all shareholders of record as of March 1, 2021.

(2) Payable to related parties.

Effect of Inflation

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition in the past two years.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2020 or 2019.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES

Not applicable for a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 

This information appears following Item 15 of this Report and is included herein by reference. 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None. 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2020, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer; of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal year covered by this report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

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Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. as such term is defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control structure is designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and that transactions are properly executed and recorded. The internal control structure includes, among other things, established policies and procedures, the selection and training of qualified personnel as well as management oversight.

With the participation of our management, we performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on our evaluation under the 2013 Framework, we have concluded that Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered independent accounting firm due to reduced requirements for smaller reporting companies under the Securities Exchange Act.

Cybersecurity

The Company utilizes information technology for internal and external communications with brokers, customers, banks, technical managers and its vessels. It also uses customized software as part of its management and reporting systems. Loss, disruption or compromise of these systems could significantly impact operations and results.

The Company is not aware of any material cybersecurity violation or occurrence. We believe our efforts toward prevention of such violation or occurrence, including system design, user training and monitoring of system access, limit, but may not prevent unauthorized access to our systems.

Other than temporary disruption to operations that may be caused by a cybersecurity breach, the Company considers cash transactions to be the primary risk for potential loss. The Company and its financial institutions take steps to minimize the risk by requiring multiple levels of authorization, encryption and other controls.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors and Executive Officers

Our current directors and executive officers are as follows: 

Name	Age	Position
Edward Coll	64	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Mark L. Filanowski	66	Chief Operating Officer and Director
Gianni Del Signore	38	Chief Financial Officer
Carl Claus Boggild	64	President and Director
Anthony Laura	68	Director
Richard T. du Moulin	74	Director
Eric S. Rosenfeld	63	Director
David D. Sgro	44	Director

Class I Directors with Terms Expiring in 2021

Eric S. Rosenfeld. Mr. Rosenfeld serves as a director of the Company. Eric Rosenfeld, 63, of New York, New York, U.S.A., has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Crescendo Partners, L.P., a New York based investment firm, since its formation in November 1998. Prior to forming Crescendo Partners, he held the position of Managing Director at CIBC Oppenheimer and its predecessor company Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. for 14 years. Mr. Rosenfeld currently serves as lead independent director for Primo Water Corp, a water delivery and filtration company, and CPI Aero (Chairman Emeritus), a company engaged in the contract production of structural aircraft parts. He is also on the board at Canaccord Genuity Group, a full-service financial services company, Pangaea Logistics Solutions, a logistics and shipping company and Aecon Group, Inc., a construction company. Mr. Rosenfeld has also served as Chairman and CEO for Arpeggio Acquisition Corporation, Rhapsody Acquisition Corporation, Trio Merger Corp, Quartet Merger Corp and Harmony Merger Corp., all blank check corporations that later merged with Hill International, Primoris Services Corporation, SAExploration Holdings, Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd and NextDecade Corporation respectively. Mr. Rosenfeld is also the Chief SPAC Officer of Legato Merger Corp, a blank check corporation, and the CEO of Allegro Merger Corp, a non listed shell company. He was also a director of NextDecade Corporation, a development stage company building natural gas liquefaction plants, Absolute Software Corp., a leader in firmware-embedded endpoint security and management for computers and ultraportable devices, AD OPT Technologies, an airline crew planning service, Sierra Systems Group Inc., an information technology, management consulting and systems integration firm, Emergis Inc., an electronic commerce company, Hill International, a construction management firm, Matrikon Inc. a company that provides industrial intelligence solutions, DALSA Corp., a digital imaging and semiconductor firm, HIP Interactive, a video game company, GEAC Computer, a software company, Computer Horizons Corp. (Chairman), an IT services company, Pivotal Corp, a cloud software firm, Call-Net Enterprises, a telecommunication firm Primoris Services Corporation, a specialty construction company, and SAExploration Holdings, a seismic exploration company.

Mr. Rosenfeld is a regular guest lecturer at Columbia Business School and has served on numerous panels at Queen’s University Business Law School Symposia, McGill Law School, the World Presidents’ Organization, and the Value Investing Congress. He is a senior faculty member at the Director’s College. He is a guest lecturer at Tulane Law School. He has also been a regular guest host on CNBC. Mr. Rosenfeld received an A.B. in economics from Brown University and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School. The board nominated Mr. Rosenfeld to be a director because he has extensive experience serving on the boards of multinational public companies and in capital markets and mergers and acquisitions transactions. Mr. Rosenfeld also has valuable experience in the operation of a worldwide business faced with a myriad of international business issues. Mr. Rosenfeld’s leadership and consensus-building skills, together with his experience as senior independent director of all boards on which he currently serves, make him an effective board member.

Richard T. du Moulin. Mr. du Moulin is currently the President of Intrepid Shipping LLC, a position he has held since he founded Intrepid in 2002. From 1974, he spent 15 years with OMI Corporation, where he served as Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, and as a member of the company's Board of Directors. From 1998 to 2002, Mr. du Moulin served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Marine Transport Corporation. From 1989 to 1998, Mr. du Moulin served as Chairman and CEO of Marine Transport Lines. Mr. du Moulin is a member of the Board of Trustees and Chairman of the Seamens Church Institute of New York and New Jersey. He currently serves as a Director of Teekay Tankers and an advisor to Hudson Structured Capital Management. Mr. du Moulin served as Chairman of Intertanko, the leading trade organization for

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the tanker industry, from 1996 to 1999. Mr. du Moulin served in the US Navy and is a recipient of the US Coast Guard's Distinguished Service Medal. He received a BA from Dartmouth College and an MBA from Harvard University. Mr. du Moulin’s qualifications to sit on our board include his operational experience and deep knowledge of the shipping industry.

Mark L. Filanowski. Mr. Filanowski was appointed to the position of Chief Operating Officer of the Company in January 2017, prior to which time he served as a consultant to the Company from 2014 to 2016. He has been a board member of the Company since 2014. Mr. Filanowski formed Intrepid Shipping LLC with another board member, Richard du Moulin, in 2002; Intrepid Shipping operates a small fleet of chemical tankers and handy bulkers.  Mr. Filanowski started his career at Ernst & Young, and worked as a Certified Public Accountant at EY from 1976 to 1984. Mr. Filanowski spent 4 years at Armtek Corporation, where he served as Vice President and Controller. From 1989 to 2002, he served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President at Marine Transport Corporation, and he is a member of the American Bureau of Shipping. He has served as the Chairman of the Board at Arvak and at Shoreline Mutual (Bermuda) Ltd., both marine insurance companies. He earned a BS from University of Connecticut and an MBA from New York University. Mr. Filanowski’s experience in many aspects of the shipping industry, his participation as a director on other independent company boards, and his financial background, qualifications, and experience, make him a valuable part of the Company’s board.

Anthony Laura. Mr. Laura is a founder of Pangaea and served as its Chief Financial Officer from the Company's inception until his retirement in April 2017. Prior to co-founding Bulk Partners Ltd., the predecessor to Pangaea, in 1996, Mr. Laura spent 10 years as CFO of Commodity Ocean Transport Corporation (COTCO). Mr. Laura also served as Chief Financial Officer at Navinvest Marine Services from 1986 to 2002. Mr. Laura is a graduate of Fordham University. 

Class II Directors with Terms Expiring in 2022

Paul Hong. Mr. Hong serves as a director of the Company. Mr. Hong is a Senior Managing Director at Cartesian Capital Group. Prior to joining Cartesian, Paul served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of AIG Capital Partners. Paul was previously an attorney in the corporate and tax departments of Kirkland & Ellis where he specialized in private equity transactions. Paul holds an AB in Economics from Columbia College, a JD from Columbia Law School, and an LLM in Taxation from New York University Law School. Mr. Hong’s qualifications to sit on our board include his substantial experience in the areas of business management and financial and investment expertise. Mr. Hong has resigned as a member of the company’s Board of Directors effective March 10, 2021.

Carl Claus Boggild. Mr. Boggild is a founder of Pangaea and served as its President (Brazil) from the Company's inception until his retirement in 2016. Prior to co-founding Bulk Partners Ltd., the predecessor company to Pangaea, in 1996, Mr. Boggild was Director of Chartering and Operations at the Korf Group of Germany. He also was a partner at Trasafra Ltd., a Brazilian agent for the largest independent grain parcel operator from Argentina and Brazil to Europe. He worked for Hudson Trading and Chartering where he was responsible for Brazilian related transportation services. As President of COTCO, he was responsible for the operations of its affiliate Handy Bulk Carriers Corporation. Prior to becoming President of COTCO, Mr. Boggild was an Executive Vice President and was responsible for its Latin American operations. Mr. Boggild holds a diploma in International Maritime Law. Mr. Boggild’s qualifications to sit on our board include his operational experience and deep knowledge of the shipping industry.

David D. Sgro. Mr. Sgro serves as a director of the Company. Mr. Sgro served as Quartet’s chief financial officer, secretary and a member of its Board of Directors. He has been the Head of Research of Jamarant Capital Mgmt. since its inception in 2015. Mr. Sgro has been a Senior Managing Director of Crescendo from December 2013 to the present and has held various positions with Crescendo since May 2005. Mr. Sgro presently serves or has served on the board of directors of Legato Merger Corp. Allegro Merger Corp., Hill International, NextDecade Corporation, Trio, Primoris, Bridgewater Systems, Inc., SAExploration Holdings, Harmony Merger Corp., Imvescor Restaurant Group, BSM Technologies and COM DEV International Ltd. Mr. Sgro attended Columbia Business School and prior to that, Mr. Sgro worked as an analyst and then senior analyst at Management Planning, Inc., a firm engaged in the valuation of privately held companies. Simultaneously, Mr. Sgro worked as an associate with MPI Securities, Management Planning, Inc.’s boutique investment banking affiliate. From June 2004 to August 2004, Mr. Sgro worked as an analyst intern at Brandes Investment Partners. Mr. Sgro received a B.S. in Finance from The College of New Jersey and an M.B.A. from Columbia Business School. In 2001, he became a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA®) Charterholder. Mr. Sgro is an adjunct faculty member at the College of New Jersey and a regular guest lecturer at Columbia Business School.

Class III Directors with Terms Expiring in 2023

Edward Coll. Mr. Coll is the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Coll is a founder of Pangaea and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since its inception. Prior to co-founding Bulk Partners Ltd., the predecessor company to

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Pangaea, in 1996, Mr. Coll spent 10 years at Continental Grain Company with assignments in New York, New Orleans, Rome and Rotterdam. He joined Commodity Ocean Transport Corp (COTCO) in 1989 and became president of the company in 1993. In this position, Mr. Coll was responsible for the overall activities and businesses of three U.S public shipping companies. Mr. Coll is an elected member of the American Bureau of Shipping and has considerable expertise in the worldwide shipping and commodities markets and lectures regularly on these topics. He holds a B.S. in nautical science from the United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point and a master's degree in international business from Pace University. Mr. Coll’s qualifications to sit on our board include his operational experience and deep knowledge of the shipping industry.

Nam H. Trinh.  Mr. Nam H. Trinh is a Director at Cartesian Capital Group.  Prior to joining Cartesian, Mr. Trinh worked at a Wall Street investment bank as an associate providing mergers and acquisitions advisory services.  Previously, Nam served in the assurance and advisory practice at Deloitte.  Nam graduated cum laude from the University of Pennsylvania, where he received a BS in economics with concentrations in finance, accounting and statistics from The Wharton School and a BSE in computer science and engineering from The School of Engineering and Applied Science. Mr. Trinh is a CFA® charterholder. Mr. Trinh's qualifications to serve on the board include his substantial experience in the areas of business management and financial and investment expertise. Mr. Trinh has resigned as a member of the company’s Board of Directors effective March 10, 2021.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires our officers, directors and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Officers, directors and ten percent stockholders are required by regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely on a review of such reports received by us and written representations from certain reporting persons that no Form 5s were required for those persons, we believe that, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, all reports required to be filed by our officers, directors and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities were filed on a timely basis.

Code of Ethics

In October 2014, our board of directors adopted a code of ethics that applies to directors, officers, and employees of ours and of any subsidiaries we may have in the future (including our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer, our principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions). We will provide, without charge, upon request, copies of our code of ethics. Requests for copies of our code of ethics should be sent in writing to Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC, 109 Long Wharf, Newport, RI 02840.

Corporate Governance

Audit Committee

The Company’s Audit Committee is comprised of David Sgro, Nam Trinh and Eric Rosenfeld, each of whom qualifies as independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing requirements and SEC rules. Nam Trinh tendered his resignation as a Director of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. (the “Company”), effective March 10, 2021. The Board of the Company appointed Anthony Laura to serve on the Audit Committee, effective March 10, 2021.

The Board of Directors has determined that David Sgro is an audit committee “financial expert” as such term is defined in applicable SEC rules, and that he has the requisite financial management expertise within the meaning of Nasdaq rules and regulations. The Audit Committee is responsible for, among other duties, appointing and overseeing the work of, and relationship with, the independent auditors, including reviewing their formal written statement describing the Company’s internal quality-control procedures and any material issues raised by the internal quality-control review or peer review of the Company or any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities and their formal written statement regarding auditor independence; reading and discussing with management and the independent auditors the annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements, and preparing annually a report to be included in the Company’s proxy statement; providing oversight of the Company’s accounting and financial reporting principles, policies, controls, procedures and practices; and discussing with management polices with respect to risk assessment and risk management. In addition, the Board of Directors has tasked the Audit Committee with reviewing transactions with related parties.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

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The Company’s Nominating and Governance Committee is comprised of Richard du Moulin, Eric Rosenfeld and Paul Hong, each of whom qualifies as independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing requirements and SEC rules. Mr. Hong tendered his resignation as a Director of the Company, effective March 10, 2021. The Board of the Company appointed Carl Claus Boggild to serve on the Nominating and Governance Committee, effective March 10, 2021. Mr. Boggild is a Non-Independent Director.

The Nominating and Governance Committee, among other duties, assists the Board of Directors in identifying and evaluating qualified individuals to become members of the Board of Directors, and proposing nominees for election to the Board of Directors and to fill vacancies; considers nominees duly recommended by shareholders for election to the Board of Directors; and evaluates annually the independence of each member of the Board of Directors under applicable Nasdaq listing requirements and SEC rules.

Guidelines for Selecting Director Nominees

The guidelines for selecting nominees, which are specified in our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter, generally provide that persons to be nominated:

•should have demonstrated notable or significant achievements in business, education or public service;

•should possess the requisite intelligence, education and experience to make a significant contribution to the board of directors and bring a range of skills, diverse perspectives and backgrounds to its deliberations; and

•should have the highest ethical standards, a strong sense of professionalism and intense dedication to serving the interests of our stockholders.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background, integrity and professionalism in evaluating a person’s candidacy for membership on the board of directors. The nominating and Corporate Governance committee may require certain skills or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. The nominating and Corporate Governance committee does not distinguish among nominees recommended by stockholders and other persons.

There have been no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our board of directors. 

Compensation Committee

The Company’s Compensation Committee is comprised of independent directors Richard du Moulin, Eric Rosenfeld and Paul Hong. Mr. Hong tendered his resignation as a Director of the Company, effective March 10, 2021. The Board of the Company appointed David Sgro to serve on the Compensation Committee, effective March 10, 2021. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves compensation paid to the Company’s officers and directors and administers the Company’s incentive compensation plans, including authority to make and modify awards under such plans. The Compensation Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website at www.pangaeals.com.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participations

As of December 31, 2020, none of the members of our compensation committee will be, or will have at any time during the past year been, one of our officers or employees. None of our executive officers currently serves or in the past year has served as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee. 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The Company’s senior executives are generally awarded merit increases and annual incentive compensation in December of each year, following completion of annual performance review cycle.

The Company does not have employment agreements with any of its senior executives, including its executive officers, with the exception of the Managing Director of NBC.

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Summary Compensation Table of the Company’s Named Executive Officers

Smaller reporting companies meet the Regulation S-K Item 402 disclosure requirements by providing the shorter disclosures required under the Securities Act of 1934, specifically, the total compensation of the Company’s named executive officer’s which consists of (i) the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, (ii) each of the Company’s next two most highly compensated executive officers, other than its Chief Executive Officer, who served as an executive officer at December 31, 2020 and whose total compensation exceeded $100,000, and (iii) two individuals for whom disclosure would have been required but who were not serving as executive officers of the Company at December 31, 2020. The following table sets forth the total compensation for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary and Compensation		Bonus		All Other Compensation(1)		Total
Edward Coll	2020	$	250,000	$	940,000	$	6,125	$	1,196,125
Chief Executive Officer	2019	$	250,000	$	1,250,000	$	6,125	$	1,506,125
(Principal Executive Officer)
Mark L. Filanowski	2020	$	200,000	$	300,000	$	28,571	$	528,571
Chief Operating Officer	2019	$	200,000	$	400,000	$	6,120	$	606,120
Gianni Del Signore	2020	$	200,000	$	150,000	$	51,065	$	401,065
Chief Financial Officer	2019	$	200,000	$	200,000	$	43,596	$	443,596
(Principal Financial Officer)

(1)All other compensation includes employer matching contribution to the 401(k) plan and vesting of restricted share grants.

Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table

The Company does not have employment agreements with any of its named executive officers. Bonuses paid to our named executive officers are purely discretionary, as determined by our Compensation Committee, and may be paid in the year following the calendar year to which they relate.

The Company maintains, and the named executive officers participate in, a 401(k) retirement savings plan. Each participant who is a United States employee may contribute to the 401(k) plan, through payroll deductions, up to 90% of his or her salary limited to the maximum allowed by the Internal Revenue Service regulations. All amounts contributed by employee participants and earnings on these contributions are fully vested at all times and are not taxable to participants until withdrawn. Employee participants may elect to invest their contributions in various established funds. The Company also makes matching contributions to the accounts of all plan participants.

Except as set forth above, the Company’s named executive officers generally participate in the same programs as its other employees.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s named executive officers held the following outstanding equity or equity-based awards, all of which are earned:

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	Stock Award Grant Date	Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested	Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested
Mark Filanowski	12/28/20	50,000	$	132,500
Chief Operating Officer	12/31/19	50,000	$	147,500
	01/02/19	45,000	$	126,450
	03/15/18	15,825	$	49,058
		160,825	$	455,508
Gianni DelSignore	12/28/20	55,000	$	145,750
Chief Financial Officer	12/31/19	55,000	$	162,250
	01/02/19	50,000	$	140,500
	03/15/18	9,500	$	29,450
	01/06/17	11,334	$	37,742
		180,834	$	515,692

Retirement Benefits, Termination, Severance and Change in Control Payments

As of December 31, 2020, none of the Company’s officers, including its named executive officers, have any retirement benefits (other than their right to participate in the Company’s 401(k) retirement plan, as described above) or have any rights to severance payments.

Compensation of Non-Employee Directors.

Under the compensation program for our non-employee directors, non-employee directors received a combination of cash compensation and restricted shares of our common stock, pursuant to the 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan"), as payment for services rendered as such members. See ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS - Equity Compensation Plan Information for additional information on the 2014 Plan.

Our director compensation policy provides that each director elected or appointed to the Board is granted a RSU award with a grant-date fair value of approximately $100,000 calculated in accordance with ASC 718. The Company offers to our non-independent directors a RSU award with a grant-date fair value of approximately $50,000. Refer to Note 9, "Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest", to our financial statements contained herein.

The following table sets forth compensation paid to or earned by our non-employee directors during 2020:  

Name (1)	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash		Stock Awards (2)		Total
Richard DuMoulin	$	50,000	$	100,000	$	150,000
Eric Rosenfeld	$	50,000	$	100,000	$	150,000
David Sgro	$	50,000	$	100,000	$	150,000
Paul Hong (3)	$	50,000	$	100,000	$	150,000
Nam Trinh (3)	$	50,000	$	100,000	$	150,000
Anthony Laura (4)	$	25,000	$	50,000	$	75,000
Claus Boggild (4)	$	25,000	$	50,000	$	75,000

(1)Information for Messrs. Coll and Filanowski, who served as a member of our board of directors in 2020, are not included in this table because they did not receive additional compensation for services rendered as members of our board of directors.

(2)Represents the grant-date fair value calculated in accordance with ASC 718. Refer to Note 9, "Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest" for additional information.

(3)As of December 31, 2020, Messrs. Trinh and Hong transferred their shares to Pangaea One Acquisition Holdings XIV, LLC ("POAH") through the transfer agreements.

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(4)Non-independent directors.

We also reimburse our directors for reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending Board and committee meetings or performing other services for us in their capacities as directors.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT, AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Equity Compensation Plan Information 

Plan Category	(a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights	(b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights	(c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders	—	—	680,871
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders	—	—	—
Total	—	—	680,871

During 2014, the Company adopted, and our shareholders approved, the 2014 Share Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). The purpose of the 2014 Plan is to assist in attracting, retaining, motivating, and rewarding certain key employees, officers, directors, and consultants of the Company and its affiliates and promoting the creation of long-term value for our shareholders by closely aligning the interests of such individuals with those of such shareholders. The 2014 Plan authorizes the award of share-based incentives to encourage eligible employees, officers, directors, and consultants, as described below, to expend maximum effort in the creation of shareholder value.

On August 12, 2019, the Company's shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2014 Plan that was adopted by the Board on May 14, 2019. The PANGAEA LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS LTD. 2014 SHARE INCENTIVE PLAN (as amended and restated by the Board of Directors on May 14, 2019), (the "Amended Plan"), increased the aggregate number of common shares with respect to which awards may be granted under the Amended Plan, such that the total number of shares made available for grant is 4,500,000. There are 680,871 shares available for future issuance under the equity compensation plans.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 15, 2021 by:

•each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock;

•each of our officers and directors; and

•all of our officers and directors as a group.

Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them.

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Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)	Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership	Approximate Percentage of Beneficial Ownership (2)
Directors and Executive Officers:
Edward Coll (3) 41 Sigourney Road Portsmouth, RI 02871	8,349,971	18.30	%
Lagoa Investments (4) c/o Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC 109 Long Wharf Newport, RI 02840	8,290,437	18.17	%
Anthony Laura 2420 NW 53rd Street Boca Raton, FL 33496	1,855,451	4.07	%
Gianni DelSignore* 257 Wickham Rd. North Kingstown, RI 02852	252,555	0.55	%
Richard T. du Moulin* 52 Elm Avenue Larchmont, NY 10538	191,285	0.42	%
Mark L. Filanowski (5) * 71 Arrowhead Way Darien, CT 06820-5507	289,382	0.63	%
Eric S. Rosenfeld (6) 777 Third Ave, 37th Floor New York, NY 10017	903,417	1.98	%
David D. Sgro* (7) 777 Third Ave, 37th Floor New York, NY 10017	339,494	0.74	%
All Directors and Officers as a Group	20,471,992	44.88	%
Five Percent Holders:
Edward Coll	8,349,971	18.30	%
Lagoa Investments	8,290,437	18.17	%
Peter Yu (8) c/o Cartesian Capital Group, LLC 505 Fifth Avenue, 15th Floor New York, NY 10017	13,954,569	30.59	%
Pangaea One (Cayman), L.P. c/o Cartesian Capital Group, LLC 505 Fifth Avenue, 15th Floor New York, NY 10017	3,292,820	7.22	%
Pangaea One Parallel Fund, L.P. c/o Cartesian Capital Group, LLC 505 Fifth Avenue, 15th Floor New York, NY 10017	3,077,012	6.75	%

 *Less than 1%.

(1)Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the individuals is c/o Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC, 109 Long Wharf, Newport, Rhode Island 02840.

(2)The beneficial ownership of the common shares by the shareholders set forth in the table is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rule, beneficial ownership includes any common shares as to which the shareholder has sole or shared voting power or investment power and also any common shares that the shareholder has the right to acquire within 60 days. The percentage of beneficial ownership is calculated based on 45,618,206 outstanding common shares. Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all common shares beneficially owned by them.

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(3)Shares owned by Edward Coll include 5,120,000 common shares held by three irrevocable trusts for the benefit of his children, all as to which Mr. Coll has sole or shared voting power or investment power. Accordingly, solely for purposes of reporting beneficial ownership of such shares pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, Mr. Coll may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares.

(4)Shares owned by Lagoa Investments. Mr. Boggild is the Managing Director of Lagoa Investments and solely for purposes of reporting beneficial ownership of such shares pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, Mr. Boggild may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares held by Lagoa Investments.

(5)Shares owned by Mark Filanowski include 35,500 common shares held by his family members.

(6)Shares owned by Eric Rosenfeld include 355,556 shares owned by Crescendo Partners III, L.P. Mr. Rosenfeld is the Managing Member of Crescendo Investments III, LLC which is the General Partner of Crescendo Partners III, L.P. Accordingly, solely for purposes of reporting beneficial ownership of such shares pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, Mr. Rosenfeld may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares held by Crescendo Partners III, L.P.

(7)Shares owned by David Sgro include 66,667 shares owned by Jamarant Capital L.P. of which Mr. Sgro is the Managing Member. Accordingly, solely for purposes of reporting beneficial ownership of such shares pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, Mr. Sgro may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares held by Jamarant Capital L.P.

(8)Mr. Yu is a principal officer or director of the entity directly or indirectly controlling the general partner of each of Pangaea One Acquisition Holdings XIV, LLC., Pangaea One (Cayman), L.P., Pangaea One Parallel Fund, L.P., Pangaea One Parallel Fund (B), L.P., Leggonly, L.P., Malemod, L.P., Imfinno, L.P., and Nypsun, L.P. (collectively, the “Pangaea One Entities”). Accordingly, solely for purposes of reporting beneficial ownership of such shares pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, Mr. Yu may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares held by the Pangaea One Entities.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 

All ongoing and future transactions between us and any of our officers and directors or their respective affiliates will be on terms believed by us to be no less favorable to us than are available from unaffiliated third parties. Such transactions will require prior approval by our audit committee and a majority of our disinterested independent directors, in either case who had access, at our expense, to our attorneys or independent legal counsel. We will not enter into any such transaction unless our audit committee and a majority of our disinterested independent directors determine that the terms of such transaction are no less favorable to us than those that would be available to us with respect to such a transaction with unaffiliated third parties.

Related Party Policy

Our Code of Ethics requires us to avoid, wherever possible, all related party transactions that could result in actual or potential conflicts of interests, except under guidelines approved by the board of directors (or the audit committee). Related-party transactions are defined as transactions in which (1) the aggregate amount involved will or may be expected to exceed $120,000 in any calendar year, (2) we or any of our subsidiaries is a participant, and (3) any (a) executive officer, director or nominee for election as a director, (b) greater than 5% beneficial owner of our shares of common stock, or (c) immediate family member, of the persons referred to in clauses (a) and (b), has or will have a direct or indirect material interest (other than solely as a result of being a director or a less than 10% beneficial owner of another entity). A conflict of interest situation can arise when a person takes actions or has interests that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may also arise if a person, or a member of his or her family, receives improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position.

We also require each of our directors and executive officers to complete a directors’ and officers’ questionnaire that elicits information about related party transactions.

These procedures are intended to determine whether any such related party transaction impairs the independence of a director or presents a conflict of interest on the part of a director, employee or officer.

Related Party Transactions

For more information, please read “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Related Party Transactions.”

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Director Independence

We have determined that Richard du Moulin, Eric Rosenfeld, David Sgro and Anthony Laura are “independent directors” under the Nasdaq listing rules, which is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the Company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship, which, in the opinion of the Company’s board of directors would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The firm of Grant Thornton LLP acts as our independent registered public accounting firm. The following is a summary of fees paid to Grant Thornton LLP for services rendered.

Audit Fees

Audit fees consist of the fees and expenses for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements, reviews of the consolidated financial statements included in each of the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and fees for services related to the Company’s registration statements, consents, and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred an aggregate of $551,100 and $622,145 in audit fees, respectively.

Audit-related fees

During each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred audit-related fees of $52,000 and $45,000, respectively, consisting of the fees and expenses for the audit of Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company.

Tax Fees

During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, our independent registered public accounting firm did not render any tax services to us.

All Other Fees

During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no fees billed for services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm other than those set forth above. 

Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services

Our Audit Committee charter provides that all audit services and non-audit services must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee may delegate authority to grant pre-approvals of audit and permitted non-audit services to a subcommittee consisting of one or more members of the Audit Committee, provided that any pre-approvals granted by any such subcommittee must be presented to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. From time to time, the Audit Committee has delegated to the Chairman of the committee the authority to pre-approve audit, audit-related and permitted non-audit services.

All non-audit services were reviewed with the Audit Committee or the Chairman, which concluded that the provision of such services by Grant Thornton LLP were compatible with the maintenance of such firm's independence in the conduct of their respective auditing functions.

73

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

Contents

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-2
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Income	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-9

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Pangaea Logistic Solutions Ltd.

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. (a Bermuda corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical audit matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Vessel Impairment Assessment

As described further in Note 3 to the financial statements, the Company identified a triggering event which required management to evaluate each vessel asset group for impairment. As a result, the Company performed an impairment analysis on each asset group in order to determine whether the estimated undiscounted future cash flows exceeded the asset group’s carrying amount. We identified the vessel impairment analysis as a critical audit matter.

The principal consideration for our determination that this matter is a critical audit matter is as follows. The impairment analysis of each vessel asset group requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasts of future cash flows, including but not limited to projected revenue and expenses, drydocking days and costs, vessel scrap value, and growth rates. Changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the carrying value of the vessel asset groups. Accordingly, auditing management’s judgments regarding forecasts of future cash flows involves a high degree of auditor judgement and subjectivity.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s vessel impairment analysis included the following, among others.

F-2

•We tested the design of internal controls over management’s estimates related to the forecasted future cash flows for each asset group.

•We evaluated the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used in management’s undiscounted cash flow analysis for each asset group. This included (i) determining the reasonableness of projected revenue and costs (ii) comparing drydocking days and costs used in the undiscounted cash flow model to historical drydocking days and costs, (iii) agreeing inputs included in management’s scrap value calculation to third-party sources, and (iv) performing sensitivity analyses over growth rates to evaluate the impact on the impairment analysis.

•We evaluated the appropriateness of the remaining useful lives of the asset groups used in the analysis.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

Hartford, Connecticut

March 15, 2021

F-3

Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,897,216	$	50,555,091
Restricted cash	1,500,000		1,000,000
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $1,896,038 and $1,908,841 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively)	29,152,153		28,309,402
Bunker inventory	15,966,247		21,001,010
Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets	19,515,945		18,770,825
Vessels held for sale, net	—		8,319,152
Total current assets	113,031,561		127,955,480
Restricted cash	—		1,500,000
Fixed assets, net	276,741,751		281,474,857
Investment in newbuildings in-process	15,390,635		15,357,189
Finance lease right of use assets, net	45,240,198		53,615,305
Total assets	$	450,404,145	$	479,902,831
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	32,400,288	$	39,973,635
Related party notes payable	242,852		332,987
Deferred revenue	12,799,561		14,376,394
Current portion of long-term debt	57,382,674		22,990,674
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	6,978,192		12,549,208
Dividends payable	1,005,763		631,961
Total current liabilities	110,809,330		90,854,859
Secured long-term debt, net	44,507,708		83,649,717
Finance lease liabilities	50,520,294		57,498,217
Long-term liabilities - other - Note 11	10,135,408		4,828,364
Commitments and contingencies - Note 10
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 45,447,751 and 44,886,122 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively	4,545		4,489
Additional paid-in capital	159,581,415		157,504,895
Retained Earnings	23,179,805		12,736,580
Total Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. equity	182,765,765		170,245,964
Non-controlling interests	51,665,640		72,825,710
Total stockholders' equity	234,431,405		243,071,674
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	450,404,145	$	479,902,831

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-4

Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.

Consolidated Statements of Income

	Years ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Revenues:
Voyage revenue	$	349,738,153	$	365,714,864
Charter revenue	33,157,838		46,482,955
Total revenue	382,895,991		412,197,819
Operating expenses:
Voyage expense	161,881,133		165,478,629
Charter hire expense	127,769,042		132,950,418
Vessel operating expenses	38,047,308		45,266,464
General and administrative	15,915,035		17,378,681
Depreciation and amortization	17,055,271		18,529,476
Loss on impairment of vessels	1,801,039		4,751,143
Loss on sale of vessels	730,065		4,584,796
Total operating expenses	363,198,893		388,939,607
Income from operations	19,697,098		23,258,212
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense, net	(7,831,314)		(9,227,784)
Interest expense, related party	—		(50,241)
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments	(156,019)		2,753,834
Other income	982,345		314,847
Total other expense, net	(7,004,988)		(6,209,344)
Net income	12,692,110		17,048,868
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,339,930)		(5,390,910)
Net income attributable to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.	$	11,352,180	$	11,657,958
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.26	$	0.27
Diluted	$	0.26	$	0.27
Weighted average shares used to compute earnings per common share
Basic	43,417,879		42,752,413
Diluted	43,817,348		43,267,178

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-5

Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		Total Pangaea Logistics  Solutions Ltd. Equity		Non-Controlling Interest		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018	43,998,560	$	4,400	$	155,946,452	$	5,737,199	$	161,688,051	$	71,678,946	$	233,366,997
Share-based compensation	—	—		1,737,315		—		1,737,315		—		1,737,315
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures	887,562	89		(178,872)		—		(178,783)		—		(178,783)
Contribution from Non-Controlling interest	—	—		—		—		—		422,519		422,519
Distribution to Non-Controlling Interests	—	—		—		—		—		(4,666,665)		(4,666,665)
Common Stock Dividend	—	—		—		(4,658,577)		(4,658,577)		—		(4,658,577)
Net income	—	—		—		11,657,958		11,657,958		5,390,910		17,048,868
Balance at December 31, 2019	44,886,122	$	4,489	$	157,504,895	$	12,736,580	$	170,245,964	$	72,825,710	$	243,071,674
Share-based compensation	—	—		2,314,940		—		2,314,940		—		2,314,940
Acquisition of Non-Controlling Interest	—	—		—		—		—		(22,500,000)		(22,500,000)
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures	561,629	56		(238,420)		—		(238,364)		—		(238,364)
Common Stock Dividend	—	—		—		(908,955)		(908,955)		—		(908,955)
Net income	—	—		—		11,352,180		11,352,180		1,339,930		12,692,110
Balance at December 31, 2020	45,447,751	$	4,545	$	159,581,415	$	23,179,805	$	182,765,765	$	51,665,640	$	234,431,405

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-6

Pangaea Logistics Solutions, Ltd.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Years ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Operating activities
Net income	$	12,692,110	$	17,048,868
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization expense	17,055,271		18,529,476
Amortization of deferred financing costs	662,440		727,020
Amortization of prepaid rent	122,272		118,597
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative instruments	156,019		(2,753,834)
Income from equity method investee	(1,083,142)		(156,137)
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest recorded as interest expense	177,802		44,950
Provision for doubtful accounts	152,416		898,357
Loss on impairment of vessels	1,801,039		4,751,143
Loss on sales of vessels	730,065		4,584,796
Drydocking costs	(5,858,960)		(1,633,771)
Share-based compensation	2,314,940		1,737,315
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(995,167)		(725,972)
Bunker inventory	5,034,763		(2,425,497)
Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets	338,022		(6,247,268)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(10,887,555)		10,301,367
Deferred revenue	(1,576,833)		(340,678)
Net cash provided by operating activities	20,835,502		44,458,732
Investing activities
Purchase of vessels and vessel improvements	(2,892,776)		(41,350,536)
Proceeds from sale of vessels	11,666,507		10,388,723
Acquisition of non-controlling interest	(15,000,000)		—
Deposits on newbuildings in-process	(33,446)		(15,357,189)
Purchase of building and equipment	—		(283,244)
Purchase of derivative instrument	(628,000)		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,887,715)		(46,602,246)
Financing activities
Payments on related party notes payable	—		(2,595,000)
Proceeds from long-term debt	18,000,000		14,000,000
Payments of financing and issuance costs	(421,775)		(2,960,899)
Payments of long-term debt	(22,990,674)		(20,627,742)
Proceeds from finance leases	—		25,600,000
Payments on finance lease obligation	(12,548,938)		(6,602,265)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	—		(4,666,665)
Common stock accrued dividends paid	(535,153)		(8,090,213)
Cash paid for incentive compensation shares relinquished	(238,364)		(179,279)
Contributions from non-controlling interests recorded as long-term liability	—		4,783,414
Contributions from non-controlling interests	322,750		422,519
Payments to non-controlling interest recorded as long-term liability	(193,508)		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(18,605,662)		(916,130)
Net (decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4,657,875)		(3,059,644)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	53,055,091	$	56,114,735
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	48,397,216	$	53,055,091

 

F-7

Pangaea Logistics Solutions, Ltd.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

Supplemental cash flow items:
Cash paid for interest	$	7,149,210	9,250,743
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing Information:
Deferred consideration related to acquisition of non-controlling interest	$	7,500,000	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-8

NOTE 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Pangaea”) provides seaborne drybulk logistics and transportation services. Pangaea utilizes its logistics expertise to service a broad base of industrial customers who require the transportation of a wide variety of drybulk cargoes, including grains, pig iron, hot briquetted iron, bauxite, alumina, cement clinker, dolomite and limestone. The Company addresses the logistics needs of its customers by undertaking a comprehensive set of services and activities, including cargo loading, cargo discharge, vessel chartering, voyage planning, and technical vessel management.

At December 31, 2020 the Company owned two Panamax, two Ultramax Ice Class 1C, and seven Supramax, and financed four vessels under finance lease obligations.

On September 28, 2020, the Company acquired an additional one-third equity interest in its partially-owned consolidated subsidiary Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. (“NBHC”) from one of NBHC’s shareholders. The Company owns two-thirds of NBHC after the acquisition. NBHC owns a fleet of six Panamax Ice Class 1A drybulk vessels. The Company also owned 50% interest in the owner of a deck barge.

The Company sold two vessels in the first quarter of 2020 and sold one vessel in the second quarter of 2020.

NOTE 2 – NATURE OF ORGANIZATION

The consolidated financial statements include the operations of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “the Company”), as well as other entities consolidated pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. A summary of the Company’s consolidation policy is provided in Note 3. A summary of the Company’s variable interest entities is provided at Note 4. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, entities that are consolidated pursuant to ASC 810-10 include the following wholly-owned subsidiaries:

•Bulk Partners (Bermuda) Ltd. (“Bulk Partners”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. The primary purpose of this corporation is a holding company.

•Phoenix Bulk Carriers (BVI) Limited (“PBC”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The primary purpose of this corporation is to provide logistics services to its customers, and to manage and operate ocean-going vessels.

•Phoenix Bulk Management Bermuda Limited (“PBM”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Certain of the administrative management functions of PBC have been assigned to PBM.

•Americas Bulk Transport (BVI) Limited – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The primary purpose of this corporation is to charter ships.

•Bulk Ocean Shipping (Bermuda) Ltd. – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. The primary purpose of this corporation is to manage the fuel procurement of the chartered vessels.

•Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC – a corporation that duly organized under the laws of Delaware. The primary purpose of this corporation is to act as the U.S. administrative agent for the Company.

•Allseas Logistics Bermuda Ltd. – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. The primary purpose of this corporation is the Treasury Agent for the group of Companies.

•Narragansett Bulk Carriers (US) Corp. - a corporation organized in July 2012 under the laws of Rhode Island. The primary purpose of this corporation is to manage and operate ocean-going vessels.

•Bulk Pangaea Limited (“Bulk Pangaea”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Pangaea was established in September 2009 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Pangaea.

•Bulk Patriot Ltd. (“Bulk Patriot”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Patriot was established in September 2011 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Patriot.

F-9

•Bulk Juliana Ltd. (“Bulk Juliana”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Juliana was established in March 2012 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Juliana.

•Bulk Trident Ltd. (“Bulk Trident”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Trident was established in August 2012 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Trident.

•Bulk Phoenix Ltd. (“Bulk Phoenix”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Phoenix was established in July 2013 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Newport.

•Nordic Bulk Barents Ltd. (“Bulk Barents”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Barents was established in November 2013 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Nordic Barents.

•Nordic Bulk Bothnia Ltd. (“Bulk Bothnia”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Bothnia was established in November 2013 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Nordic Bothnia.

•109 Long Wharf LLC (“Long Wharf”) – a limited liability company that was duly organized under the laws of Delaware for the objective and purpose of holding real estate located in Newport, Rhode Island.

•Nordic Bulk Ventures (Cyprus) Limited (“NBV”) – a corporation that was duly organized in April 2009 under the laws of Cyprus. NBV is the holding company of Nordic Bulk Carriers AS (“NBC”). NBC specializes in ice trading, as well as the carriage of a wide range of commodities, including cement clinker, steel scrap, fertilizers, and grains.

•Nordic Bulk Carriers Singapore Pte. Ltd. ("NBS") - a corporation that was duly organized in March 2014 under the laws of Singapore. NBS focuses on chartering and operating bulk carriers trading in a wide range of commodities; and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NBC.

•Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd. (“BVH”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. BVH was established in August 2013 for the purpose of owning Bulk Nordic Five Ltd. (“Five”) and Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. (“Six”). Five and Six are corporations that were duly organized under the laws of Bermuda in November 2013 for the purpose of owning m/v Bulk Destiny and m/v Bulk Endurance, ultramax newbuildings delivered in January 2017. The Company acquired its joint venture partner's 50% interest in January 2017 for $0.8 million after which BVH is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

•Bulk Freedom Corp. (“Bulk Freedom”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Freedom was established in May 2017 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Freedom.

•Bulk Pride Corp. (“Bulk Pride”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Pride was established in October 2017 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Pride.

•Flintstone Ventures Limited ("FVL") - a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Province of Nova Scotia on March 17, 2017. FVL focuses on the carriage of specialized cargo.

•Bulk PODS Ltd. (“Bulk PODS”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk PODS was established in April 2018 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk PODS.

•Bulk Spirit Ltd. (“Bulk Spirit”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Spirit was established in October 2018 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Spirit.

•Bulk Independence Ltd. (“Bulk Independence”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Independence was established in May 2019 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Independence.

•Bulk Friendship Ltd. (“Bulk Friendship”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Friendship was established in September 2019 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Friendship.

•Bulk Nordic Seven LLC. (“Bulk Seven”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Seven was established in April 2019 for the purpose of entering into new shipbuilding contract.

F-10

•Bulk Nordic Eight LLC. (“Bulk Eight”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Eight was established in April 2019 for the purpose of entering into a new shipbuilding contract.

•Bulk Nordic Nine LLC. (“Bulk Nine”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Nine was established in August 2019 for the purpose of entering into a new shipbuilding contract.

•Bulk Nordic Ten LLC. (“Bulk Ten”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Nine was established in August 2019 for the purpose of entering into a new shipbuilding contract.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, entities that are consolidated pursuant to ASC 810-10, but which are not wholly-owned, include the following: 

•Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. (“NBHC”) - a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. NBHC was established in October 2012, for the purpose of owning Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd. (“Bulk Odyssey”) and Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. (“Bulk Orion”) and to invest in additional vessels through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. On September 28, 2020, the Company acquired an additional one-third equity interest in its partially-owned consolidated subsidiary Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. (“NBHC”) from one of NBHC’s shareholders. The Company owns two-thirds equity interest of NBHC after the acquisition and the remainder one-third equity interest is owned by a third-party at December 31, 2020. The Company determined that NBHC is a VIE and that it is the primary beneficiary of NBHC, as it has the power to direct its activities through time charter arrangements with NBC covering all of its owned vessels. Accordingly, the Company has consolidated NBHC for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Bulk Odyssey, Bulk Orion, Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. (“Bulk Oshima”), Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. (“Bulk Olympic”), Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd. (“Bulk Odin”) and Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. (“Bulk Oasis”), corporations duly organized under the laws of Bermuda between March 2012 and February 2015, are owned by NBHC. These entities were established for the purpose of owning m/v Nordic Odyssey, m/v Nordic Orion, m/v Nordic Oshima, m/v Nordic Olympic, m/v Nordic Odin and m/v Nordic Oasis, respectively. On December 23, 2020 NBHC formed two new wholly owned subsidiaries, Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., and Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. for the purpose of transferring ownership of the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion to these companies respectively.

•Venture Logistics NL Inc. ("VLNL") - a corporation that was duly organized in the St. John’s, Canada on October 19, 2018. VLNL was established for the purpose of owning and operating a deck barge.

•Nordic Bulk Partners LLC. (“NBP”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Island. NBP was established in September 2019 for the purpose of providing funding to Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten for the construction of four newbuilding vessels and subsequently at completion and delivery of the newbuilding vessels owning Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten. Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine and Bulk Ten are corporations that were duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands in September 2019 for the purpose of constructing and owning Post-Panamax newbuilding vessels expected to be delivered in 2021. At December 31, 2020 the Company had a 75% ownership interest in NBP, the remainder of which is owned by a third-party. At delivery of the newbuilding vessels NBP will ultimately be owned 50% by Pangaea and 50% by a third-party.

NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This summary of significant accounting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and have been applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The purpose of consolidated financial statements is to present the financial position and results of operations of a company and its subsidiaries as if the group were a single company. The first step in the Company’s consolidation policy is to determine whether an entity is to be evaluated for potential consolidation based on its outstanding voting interests or its variable interests. Accordingly, the Company first determines whether the entity is a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) pursuant to the provisions of ASC 810-10. If the entity is a VIE, consolidation is based on the entity’s variable interests and not its outstanding voting shares. If the entity is not determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates the entity based on its outstanding voting interests.

F-11

Amounts pertaining to the non-controlling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests held by third parties in the financial position and operating results of the Company’s subsidiaries and/or consolidated VIEs are reported as non-controlling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As part of the Company’s consolidation process, all intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the percentage completion of spot voyages, the establishment of the allowance for doubtful accounts and the estimate of salvage value used in determining vessel depreciation expense.

Revenue Recognition

Voyage revenues represent revenues earned by the Company, principally from providing transportation services under voyage charters. A voyage charter involves the carriage of a specific amount and type of cargo on a load port to discharge port basis, subject to various cargo handling terms. Under a voyage charter, the service revenues are earned and recognized ratably over the duration of the voyage. Estimated losses under a voyage charter are provided for in full at the time such losses become probable. Demurrage, which is included in voyage revenues, represents payments by the charterer to the vessel owner when loading and discharging time exceed the stipulated time in the voyage charter. Demurrage is measured in accordance with the provisions of the respective charter agreements and the circumstances under which demurrage revenues arise. Demurrage revenue is included in the calculation of voyage revenue and recognized ratably over the duration of the voyage to which it pertains. Voyage revenue recognized is presented net of address commissions.

Charter revenues relate to a time charter arrangement under which the Company is paid to provide transportation services on a per day basis for a specified period of time. Revenues from time charters are earned and recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter, as the vessel operates under the charter and do not fall under the scope of ASC 606, as defined below, revenue is not earned when vessels are offhire.

Costs incurred in fulfillment of a contract that meet certain criteria are deferred and recognized when or as the related performance obligations are satisfied. The contract fulfillment costs consist primarily of the fuel consumption that is incurred by the Company from the latter of the end of the previous vessel employment and the contract date until the arrival at the loading port in addition to any port expenses incurred prior to arrival at the load port, as well as any charter hire expenses for third party vessels that are chartered-in. The fuel consumption and any port expenses incurred prior to arrival at the load port during this period are capitalized and recorded in Bunker inventory and Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets, respectively in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized ratably over the total transit time of the voyage from arrival at the loading port until the vessel departs from the discharge port and expensed as part of Voyage expense. Similarly, for any third party vessels that are chartered-in, the charter hire expenses during this period are capitalized and recorded in Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized and expensed as part of Charter hire expense.

The performance obligations under our contracts are transportation services, which are received and consumed by our customers over time, as we perform the services. Revenues are recognized using the input method, proportionate to the days elapsed since the service commencement compared to the total days anticipated to complete the service. Under the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard, voyage revenue is recognized over the period between load port and discharge port. Costs to fulfill contracts for voyages for which loading has not commenced are recognized as assets and amortized pro rata over the period between load and discharge. Costs to obtain a contract are expensed as incurred, as provided by a practical expedient, since all such costs are expected to be amortized over less than one year.    

Assets and liabilities related to our voyage contracts with customers are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract assets also include accounts receivable for amounts billed and currently due from customers, which are reported at their net estimated realizable value. The Company maintains reserves against its accounts receivable for potential credit losses, which were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other contract assets include accrued receivables which arise when revenue is recognized in advance of billing for certain voyage contracts and hire paid to ship-owners in advance. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue which arises when amounts are billed to

F-12

or collected from customers in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

Deferred Revenue

Billings for services for which revenue is not recognized in the current period are recorded as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is expected to be realized within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

Voyage Expenses

The Company incurs expenses for voyage charters that include bunkers (fuel), port charges, canal tolls, broker commissions and cargo handling operations, which are expensed as incurred.

Charter Expenses

The Company charters in vessels to supplement its owned fleet to support its voyage charter operations. The Company hires vessels under time charters with third party vessel owners, and recognizes the charter hire payments as an expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter. Charter hire payments are typically made in advance, and the unrecognized portion is reflected as advance hire in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Under time charters, the vessel owner is responsible for the vessel operating costs such as crews, maintenance and repairs, insurance, and stores.

Vessel Operating Expenses

Vessel operating expenses (“VOE”) represent the cost to operate the Company’s owned vessels. VOE include crew wages and related costs, the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the cost of spares and consumables, other miscellaneous expenses, and technical management fees. Technical management services include day-to-day vessel operations, performing general vessel maintenance, ensuring regulatory and classification society compliance, arranging the hire of crew and purchasing stores, supplies and spare parts. These expenses are recognized as incurred.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, trade receivables and derivative instruments. The Company maintains its cash accounts with various high-quality financial institutions in the United States, Germany, and Bermuda. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. The Company does not believe that significant concentration of credit risk exists with respect to these cash equivalents. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, and do not bear interest. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, but does not require collateral. Historically, credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable has been considered minimal due to the long-standing relationships with significant customers, and their relative financial stability. However, current economic conditions could impact the collectibility of certain customers' trade receivables, which could have a material effect on the Company's results of operations. Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

At December 31, 2020, one customer accounted for 26% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable. At December 31, 2019, there were two customers that accounted for 26% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable.

At December 31, 2020, seventeen customers in the United States, seven customers in Brazil and seven customers in the United Arab Emirates accounted for 59% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2019, seventeen customers in the United States, fifteen customers in Switzerland and five customers in Canada accounted for 53% of accounts receivable.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, revenue from customers in each of the following countries accounted for at least 10% of total revenue; the United States (twenty-seven representing 28%), Switzerland (twenty-one representing 14%) and Canada (seven representing 12%). For the year ended December 31, 2019, revenue from customers in each of the following countries accounted for at least 10% of total revenue; the United States (twenty-eight representing 24%) Canada (six representing 13%) and Switzerland (eighteen representing 10%).

For the year ended December 31, 2020 one customer accounted for approximately 10% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 11% of total revenue.

F-13

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash 

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term deposits with an original maturity of less than three months. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows:

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Money market accounts – cash equivalents	$	18,443,443	$	32,150,342
Cash (1)	28,453,773		18,404,749
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	46,897,216	$	50,555,091
Restricted cash	1,500,000		2,500,000
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	48,397,216	$	53,055,091

(1) Consists of cash deposits at various major banks.

Restricted cash at December 31, 2020 consists of $1.5 million held by the facility agent as required by the Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. and Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. – Dated September 28, 2015 - Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (See Note 8).

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company provides a specific reserve for significant outstanding accounts that are considered potentially uncollectible in whole or in part. In addition, the Company’s policy based on experience is to establish a reserve equal to approximately 25% of accounts receivable balances that are 30-180 days past due and approximately 50% of accounts receivable balances that are 180 or more days past due, and which are not otherwise reserved. The reserve estimates are adjusted as additional information becomes available, or as payments are made. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company has provided an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,896,038 and $1,908,841 respectively, for amounts that are not expected to be fully collected. The provision for doubtful accounts was $152,416 in 2020 and $898,357 in 2019. The Company wrote off $165,219 and $1,346,647 during 2020 and 2019, respectively, which amounts were previously included in the allowance, because these amounts were determined to be uncollectible.

Bunker Inventory

Inventory is primarily comprised of fuel oil purchased and stored onboard a vessel. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost under the first-in, first-out method or net realizable value.

Advanced Hire, Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Advance hire represents payment to ship owners under time-charters for days subsequent to the balance sheet date. Hire is typically paid in advance for the following fifteen days, but intervals vary by time-charter contract. Prepaid expenses include advance funding to the technical manager for vessel operating expenses, lubricating oils and stores kept on board owned vessels, certain voyage expenses paid in advance and direct costs incurred to fulfill a COA ("Contract of Affreightment"). These specifically identified costs are used to satisfy the contract and are expected to be recovered over the term of the COA. Such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis and charged equally to each of the voyages under the contract. Other assets include deposits held by counterparties to various derivative instruments and the fair value of derivative instruments when it exceeds the settlement price of the instrument.

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At December 31, advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets were comprised of the following:

	2020		2019
Advance hire	$	5,026,953	$	3,985,826
Prepaid expenses	3,706,396		4,924,557
Accrued receivables	6,823,409		6,466,068
Margin Deposit	814,062		269,379
Other current assets	3,145,125		3,124,995
Total	$	19,515,945	$	18,770,825

Vessels and Depreciation

Vessels are stated at cost, which includes contract price and acquisition costs. Significant improvements to vessels are capitalized; maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the vessels are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the remaining estimated useful lives of the vessels (excluding the time a vessel is in dry dock), based on cost less salvage value. Each vessel’s salvage value is equal to the product of its lightweight tonnage and an estimated scrap rate of $300 per ton, which was determined by reference to quoted rates and is reviewed annually. The Company estimates the useful life of its vessels to be 25 years to 30 years from the date of initial delivery from the shipyard. The remaining estimated useful lives of the current fleet are 8 - 22 years. The Company does not incur depreciation expense when vessels are taken out of service for dry docking.

Vessels held for sale are carried at estimated fair value less cost to sell. No additional depreciation expense is recorded for vessels categorized as held for sale.   

Deferred Drydock Cost

Significant upgrades made to the vessels during dry docking are capitalized when incurred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the five year period until the next dry docking. Costs capitalized as part of the dry docking include direct costs incurred to meet regulatory requirements that add economic life to the vessel, that increase the vessel’s earnings capacity or which improve the vessel’s efficiency. Direct costs include the shipyard costs, parts, inspection fees, steel, blasting and painting. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs, whether incurred as part of the dry docking or not, are expensed as incurred. Unamortized dry-docking costs of vessels that are sold are written off and included in the calculation of the resulting gain or loss on sale.

Long-lived Assets Impairment Considerations

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its fixed assets and other assets in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amounts. If indicators of impairment are present, we perform an analysis of the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to be derived from the related long-lived assets. Our assessment is made at the asset group level, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other groups of assets. The asset groups established by the Company are defined by vessel size and major characteristic or trade.

The significant factors and assumptions used in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow analysis include the Company’s estimate of future time charter equivalent "TCE" rates based on current rates under existing charters and contracts. When existing contracts expire, the Company uses an estimated TCE based on actual results and extends these rates out to the end of the vessel’s useful life. TCE rates can be highly volatile, may affect the fair value of the Company’s vessels and may have a significant impact on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying amount of its fleet. Accordingly, the volatility is contemplated in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow by using a sensitivity analysis based on percent changes in the TCE rates. The Company prepares a series of scenarios in an attempt to capture the range of possible trends and outcomes. Projected net operating cash flows are net of brokerage and address commissions and assume no revenue on scheduled offhire days. The Company uses the current vessel operating expense budget, estimated costs of drydocking and historical general and administrative expenses as the basis for its expected outflows, and applies an inflation factor it considers appropriate. The net of these inflows and outflows, plus an estimated salvage value, constitutes the projected undiscounted future cash flows. If these projected cash flows do not exceed the carrying value of the asset group, an impairment charge would be calculated. Measurement of the impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset as provided by third parties.

F-15

The Company concluded that no triggering event had occurred during the first, third and fourth quarter of 2020 which would require impairment testing. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company determined that a triggering event occurred related to a sale of a vessel, as the carrying value exceeded its fair value. A loss on impairment of $1.8 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2020 when the Memorandum of Agreement was signed. The Company performed an impairment analysis on each asset group and concluded the estimated undiscounted future cash flows were higher than their carrying amount and as such, no additional loss on impairment was recognized.

At December 31, 2019, the Company had accepted an offer to sell the m/v Bulk Patriot below the carrying amount of the vessel, to be delivered in the first quarter of 2020. As a result, a loss on impairment of the vessel for an amount totaling $4.8 million, which was equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the agreed upon sale value less estimated costs to sell, was included in the consolidated statements of operations. The vessel has been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019. The Company identified additional potential triggering events that resulted from the loss recognized on the sale of other vessels in the fourth quarter of 2019 of $4.6 million.

As a result, the Company evaluated each asset group for impairment by estimating the total undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset group and its eventual disposal. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows were higher than the carrying amount of each asset group in the Company's fleet and as such, no other loss on impairment was recognized. No impairment indicator existed during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.   

Financing Costs

Qualifying expenses associated with commercial financing and fees paid to financial institutions to obtain financing are carried as a reduction of the outstanding debt and amortized over the term of the arrangement using the effective interest method. The unamortized portion is included as a reduction of secured long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets.

The components of net debt issuance costs and bank fees, which are included in secured long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Debt issuance costs and bank fees paid to financial institutions	$	6,547,299	$	9,302,292
Less: accumulated amortization	(2,650,091)		(5,164,419)
Unamortized debt issuance costs and bank fees	$	3,897,208	$	4,137,873
Amortization included in interest expense	$	662,440	$	727,020

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

The components of accounts payable and accrued expenses are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Accounts payable	$	18,678,099	$	24,173,291
Accrued expenses	10,654,357		14,883,555
Note Payable	2,500,000		—
Other accrued liabilities	567,832		916,789
Total	$	32,400,288	$	39,973,635

Taxation

The Company is not subject to corporate income taxes on its profits in Bermuda because Bermuda does not impose an income tax.

NBC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is subject to a Danish tonnage tax. NBC is not taxed on the basis of their actual income derived from their business but on an alternative income determination based on the net tons carrying capability

F-16

of their fleet. As the tax is not determined based on taxable income, NBC’s tax expense of approximately $578,000 and $458,000 is included within voyage expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Shipping income derived from sources outside the United States is not subject to any Unites States federal income tax. U.S. sourced income from the international operation of ships that is considered qualified income and earned by a qualified foreign corporation can also be considered exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. The exemption requires a number of tests be met including qualifying income earned subject to an equivalent exemption in a qualified country and a qualified foreign corporation meeting the qualified foreign country, qualified income, stock ownership tests and substantiation requirements.  The Company believes it meets all of the tests to qualify for an exemption from income under Internal Revenue Code section 883. To the extent the Company is unable to qualify for the exemption, the Company would be subject to U.S. federal income taxation of 4% of its U.S. shipping income on a gross basis without deductions. If certain other conditions are present, as defined in the Code, U.S. source shipping income, net of applicable deductions, may be subject to federal income tax of up to 21% and a 30% branch profits tax. The company believes that none of its U.S. source shipping income is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business.

Since earnings from shipping operations of the Company are not subject to U.S. or foreign income taxation, the Company has not recorded income tax expense, deferred tax assets or liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Where required, the Company complies with income tax filings in its various jurisdictions of operations. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company is not subject to U.S. federal or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

Restricted Common Share Awards

Compensation cost of restricted share awards is measured using the grant date fair value of the Company's common shares, as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market, multiplied by the total number of shares granted with no forfeiture rate applied. Compensation cost is amortized according to the vesting period indicated in the grant agreement. Total compensation cost recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is approximately $2,315,000 and $1,737,315, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Dividends

Dividends on common stock are recorded when declared by the Board of Directors. Refer to Note 9, "Common Stock and Non-controlling interest" for additional information related to common stock dividends. 

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent ownership interests attributable to third parties in certain consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs. The portion of equity not owned by us in such entities is reflected as Noncontrolling interests within the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets and, in the case of Redeemable noncontrolling interests, within the long-term liabilities section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted EPS is computed using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the amount of unrecognized compensation cost related to future services by employees who were awarded restricted shares is assumed to be used to repurchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The incremental shares (nonvested less repurchased) are considered to be outstanding for diluted EPS.

Foreign Exchange

The Company conducts all of its business in U.S. dollars; the functional currency of the Company is the US dollar. Accordingly, transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are measured and recorded in the functional currency at the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transactions. There are no foreign exchange transaction gains or losses reflected in the consolidated statements of income.

F-17

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company accounts for derivatives in accordance with the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company uses interest rate swaps to reduce market risks associated with its operations, principally changes in variable interest rates on its bank debt. Additionally, the Company uses forward freight agreements to protect against changes in charter rates and bunker (fuel) swaps to protect against changes in fuel prices. The Company’s interest rate swaps, forward freight agreements (FFAs) and bunker swaps have not qualified for hedge accounting treatment. As such, unrealized and realized gains or losses are recognized as a component of Other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Derivative instruments are measured at fair value and are recorded as assets or liabilities.

The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the interest rate swaps, forward freight agreements and bunker hedges.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are components of a business that are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources. Based on the information that the CODM uses, including consideration of whether discrete financial information is available for the business activities, the Company has identified multiple operating segments which have been aggregated based on considerations such as the nature of its services, customers, operations and economic characteristics. The Company has determined that it operates under one reportable segment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s floating rate long-term debt approximates its fair value due to the variable interest rates associated with these related credit facilities.

At December 31, 2020, the Company has seven fully fixed rate debt facilities and one facility which is fixed in part. At December 31, 2019, the Company has five fully fixed rate debt facilities and four facilities of which are fixed in part. The aggregate carrying amounts and fair values of the long-term debt associated with the fixed rate borrowing arrangements are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Carrying amount of fixed rate long-term debt	$	93,401,776	$	90,245,646
Fair value of fixed rate long-term debt	$	95,434,525	$	92,279,147

Fair values of these debt obligations were estimated based on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues of debt with the same remaining maturities, which is considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820.

Leases

At the beginning of the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), and additional ASUs issued to clarify and update the guidance in ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the “new leases standard”), which modifies lease accounting for lessees to increase transparency and comparability by recording lease assets and liabilities for operating leases and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted the new leases standard utilizing the modified retrospective transition method, under which amounts in prior periods presented were not restated. At transition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the standard, which eliminates the reassessment of past leases, classification and initial direct costs. The Company did not elect to use hindsight to reassess lease terms or impairment at the adoption date because the practical expedient pertaining to land easements did not apply to the Company.

The amendments in this Update also provide lessors with a practical expedient, by class of underlying asset, to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component and, instead, to account for those components as a single component if both of the following are met:

1. The timing and pattern of transfer of the non-lease component(s) and associated lease component are the same.

2. The lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease.

F-18

The Company elected to use this practical expedient when it adopted the lessor provisions of this Update as the Company believes both criteria noted above are met. As a result, the operating lease component and the vessel operating expense non-lease component in a time charter are reported as a single component.

During time charter agreements, the charterers have substantive decision-making rights to direct how and for what purpose the vessel is used. As such, the Company had identified that time charter agreements contain a lease. Accordingly, the Company accounts for amounts earned under these agreements in accordance with Topic 842. During time charter agreements, the Company is responsible for operating and maintaining the vessels. These costs are recorded as vessel operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

At December 31, 2020, the Company had twelve vessels chartered to customers under time charters that contain leases. These twelve leases varied in original length from 20 days to 83 days. At December 31, 2020, lease payments due under these arrangements totaled approximately $2,404,000 and each of the time charters were due to be completed in thirty days or less. The Company does not have any sales-type or direct financing leases.

Adoption of the lessee provisions of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements because the Company does not have any vessels chartered in (operating leases) for longer than one year and the practical expedient relating to leases with terms of 12 months or less was elected. Furthermore, the Company's finance lease right of use assets and finance lease liabilities were referred to as "assets under finance lease" and "obligations under finance leases" in prior period financial statements, but no other changes resulted from adoption of the standard. In addition, the Company has two non-cancelable office leases and non-cancelable office equipment leases and the lease assets and liabilities are not material.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. Companies can apply the ASU immediately, however the guidance will only be available until December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. For most financial assets, such as trade and other receivables, loans and other instruments, this standard changes the current incurred loss model to a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The new standard is effective for the Company at the beginning of 2023. Entities are required to apply the provisions of the standard through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently assessing the new guidance and its impact on its consolidated financial statements, and it intends to adopt the guidance when it becomes effective in the first quarter of 2023.

NOTE 4 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company has evaluated all of its wholly and partially-owned entities, as well as entities with common ownership or other relationships, pursuant to ASC 810. A summary of the Company’s consolidation policy is provided in Note 3. The Company has concluded that Bulk Pangaea, Bulk Patriot, Bulk Juliana, Bulk Atlantic, Bulk Trident, Bulk Phoenix, Bulk Barents, Bulk Bothnia, Bulk Freedom, Bulk Pride, Bulk PODS, Bulk Spirit, Bulk Independence, Bulk Friendship, NBH, Long Wharf, NBHC, BVH, NBP, FVL, VBC, and VNLN are the VIEs at December 31, 2020 and 2019. We consolidate a VIE when we have a variable interest in an entity for which we are the primary beneficiary such that we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The results of operations and financial position of these VIEs are included in our consolidated financial statements.

The aggregate carrying values of the VIEs’ assets and liabilities, after elimination of any intercompany transactions and balances, in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

F-19

(Dollars in millions, figures may not foot due to rounding)	December 31, 2020
	Ship-owning (1)		NBHC		NBC		Long Wharf		VLNL		NBP (3)
Total assets	$	100.9	$	129.3	$	37.2	$	2.0	$	1.3	$	19.7
Total liabilities	$	100.8	$	68.7	$	24.5	$	2.1	$	0.1	$	5.1
Total stockholders' (deficit)/equity	$	—	$	60.6	$	12.7	$	(0.1)	$	1.3	$	14.6
Non-controlling interest (2)	$	—	$	50.1	$	—	$	—	$	1.6	$	—

	December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions, figures may not foot due to rounding)	Ship-owning (1)		NBHC		NBC		Long Wharf		VBC		NBP (3)
Total assets	$	89.5	$	147.0	$	54.0	$	2.0	$	1.9	$	19.1
Total liabilities	$	116.6	$	67.9	$	40.9	$	2.2	$	0.2	$	4.8
Total stockholders' (deficit)/equity	$	(27.0)	$	79.1	$	13.1	$	(0.1)	$	1.7	$	14.3
Non-controlling interest (2)	$	—	$	71.0	$	—	$	—	$	1.8	$	—

(1)Includes all wholly-owned subsidiaries, refer to Note 2 "Nature of Organization" for additional information.

(2)Non-controlling interest is held by third parties.

(3)NBP was established in September 2019 for the purpose of providing funding to Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten for the construction of four newbuilding vessels and subsequently at completion and delivery of the newbuilding vessels owning Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten.

F-20

NOTE 5 - FIXED ASSETS

At December 31, fixed assets consisted of the following: 

	2020		2019
Vessels and vessel upgrades	$	344,212,881	$	341,705,712
Capitalized dry docking	12,716,442		6,857,482
	356,929,323		348,563,194
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(82,887,697)		(69,636,742)
Vessels, vessel upgrades and capitalized dry docking, net	274,041,626		278,926,452
Land and building	2,541,085		2,541,085
Internal use software	2,318,247		1,932,640
Other fixed assets	4,859,332		4,473,725
Accumulated depreciation	(2,159,207)		(1,925,320)
Other fixed assets, net	2,700,125		2,548,405
Total fixed assets, net	$	276,741,751	$	281,474,857

At December 31, vessels under finance leases consisted of the following: 

	2020		2019
Vessels under finance lease	$	51,229,372	58,780,630
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,989,174)		(5,165,325)
Vessels under finance lease, net	$	45,240,198	$	53,615,305

F-21

The net carrying value of the Company’s fleet consists of the following: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Owned vessels
m/v BULK PANGAEA	$	13,636,241	$	14,988,076
m/v NORDIC ODYSSEY	24,481,390		22,897,029
m/v NORDIC ORION	22,625,141		23,688,812
m/v NORDIC OSHIMA	26,966,257		28,325,078
m/v NORDIC OLYMPIC	27,341,460		28,094,764
m/v NORDIC ODIN	27,421,649		27,931,771
m/v NORDIC OASIS	28,029,024		29,190,935
m/v BULK ENDURANCE	24,024,593		25,037,775
m/v BULK NEWPORT	11,966,186		12,975,767
m/v BULK FREEDOM	9,457,640		8,269,777
m/v BULK PRIDE	14,628,727		12,996,311
m/v BULK SPIRIT (1)	12,849,322		12,867,060
m/v BULK INDEPENDENCE	14,020,964		14,000,946
m/v BULK FRIENDSHIP	13,431,253		14,052,500
MISS NORA G. PEARL	3,161,779		3,609,851
	$	274,041,626	$	278,926,452
Vessels under finance lease (2)
m/v BULK PODS	13,095,023		13,445,308
m/v BULK DESTINY	$	20,636,264	$	21,484,733
m/v BULK TRIDENT	11,508,911		12,095,727
m/v BULK BEOTHUK	—		6,589,537
	$	45,240,198	$	53,615,305

(1)On October 26, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase a 2009 built Supramax (m/v Bulk Spirit) for $13.0 million, and placed a deposit of $1.95 million. The vessel was delivered in February 2019.

(2)Refer to Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," of our Financial Statements for additional information related to the vessels under finance lease.

The Company capitalized dry-docking costs on three vessels in 2020 and 2019. The 5 year amortization period of the capitalized dry docking costs is within the remaining useful life of these vessels. 

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NOTE 6 - MARGIN ACCOUNTS, DERIVATIVES AND FAIR VALUE MEASURES

Margin Accounts

During December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was party to forward freight agreements and fuel swap contracts in order to mitigate the risk associated with volatile freight rates and fuel prices. Under the terms of these contracts, the Company is required to deposit funds in margin accounts if the market value of the hedged item declines. The funds are required to remain in margin accounts as collateral until the market value of the items being hedged return to preset limits. The margin accounts are included in advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019. 

Forward Freight Agreements

The Company assesses risk associated with fluctuating future freight rates and, when appropriate, hedges identified economic risk with appropriate derivative instruments, specifically FFAs. These economic hedges do not usually qualify for hedge accounting under ASC 815 and as such, the usage of such derivatives can lead to fluctuations in the Company’s reported results from operations on a period-to-period basis.

Fuel Swap Contracts

The Company continuously monitors the market volatility associated with bunker prices and seeks to reduce the risk of such volatility through a bunker hedging program. The Company enters into fuel swap contracts that are not designated for hedge accounting under ASC 815 and as such, the usage of such derivatives can lead to fluctuations in the Company’s reported results from operations on a period-to-period basis.

Interest rate cap

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract. In January 2020, the Company entered into four interest rate cap contracts with total notional amount of $22.8 million at a cost of $628,000 to mitigate the risk associated with increases in interest rates on our sale and lease back financing arrangements of the four new-building vessels. In the event that the three-month LIBOR rate rises above the applicable strike rate of 3.25%, the Company would receive quarterly payments related to the spread difference. These interest rate cap agreements do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s forward freight agreements and fuel swap contracts are based on market prices obtained from an independent third-party valuation specialist based on published indices. Such quotes represent the estimated amounts the Company would receive or pay to terminate the contracts. The interest rate caps contracts are valued using analysis obtained from independent third party valuation specialists based on market observable inputs, representing Level 2 assets.

The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	Asset Derivative					Liability Derivative
Derivative instruments	Balance Sheet Location	12/31/2020		12/31/2019		Balance Sheet Location	12/31/2020		12/31/2019
Margin accounts (1)	Other current assets	$	814,062	$	269,379	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	—
Forward freight agreements (2)	Other current assets	$	—	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	163,335	$	149,760
Fuel swap contracts (2)	Other current assets	$	—	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	47,667	$	322,313
Interest rate cap (2)	Other current assets	$	210,910	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	—

F-23

(1) The fair value measurements were all categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

(2) These fair value measurements were all categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, in order of priority are as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our Level 1 fair value measurements include cash, money-market accounts and restricted cash accounts.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable.

Level 3 – Inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions).

The following table presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments
	For the year ended December 31,
Derivative instruments	2020		2019
Forward freight agreements	$	(13,575)	$	(89,820)
Fuel Swap Contracts	$	274,646	$	2,843,654
Interest rate cap	$	(417,090)	$	—

The estimated fair values of the Company’s forward freight agreements and fuel swap contracts are based on market prices obtained from an independent third-party valuation specialist. Such quotes represent the estimated amounts the Company would receive to terminate the contracts.

F-24

NOTE 7 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Amounts and notes payable to related parties consist of the following:

	December 31, 2019		Activity		December 31, 2020
Included in trade accounts receivable and voyage revenue on the consolidated balance sheets and statements of income, respectively:
Trade receivables due from King George Slag(i)	$	457,629	$	(350,670)	$	106,959
Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets:
Trade payables due to Seamar (ii)	$	5,679,768	$	(1,528,576)	$	4,151,192
Included in current related party notes payable on the consolidated balance sheets:
Interest payable – 2011 Founders Note	332,987		(90,135)		242,852
Promissory Note	—		—		—
Total current related party notes payable	$	332,987	$	(90,135)	$	242,852

 

i.King George Slag LLC is a joint venture of which the Company owns 25%.

ii.Seamar Management S.A. ("Seamar")

There was no related party dividends payable at December 31, 2020 and the related party dividends payable was $478,359 at December 31, 2019. Refer to Note 9, "Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest," of the Company's Financial Statements for additional information.

Under the terms of a technical management agreement between the Company and Seamar Management S.A. (Seamar), an equity method investee, Seamar is responsible for the day-to-day operation of some of the Company’s owned vessels. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred technical management fees of 2,761,800 and $3,364,200 under this arrangement, which is included in vessel operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The total amounts payable to Seamar at December 31, 2020 and 2019, (including amounts due for vessel operating expenses), were $4,151,192 and $5,679,768, respectively. 

F-25

NOTE 8 - SECURED LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consists of the following:  

	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Interest Rate (%) (1)		Maturity Date
Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	$	25,466,300	$	28,466,300	4.01	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	—		12,854,405		N/A		December 2020
Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (2)	12,004,295		13,504,295		2.48	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	14,000,000		15,500,000		4.30	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (2)	18,000,000		—		2.95	%	December 2027
The Amended Senior Facility - Dated May 13, 2019 (formerly The Amended Senior Facility - Dated December 21, 2017) (3)
–Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. - Tranche A (3)	12,233,329		13,299,997		3.69	%	May 2024
–Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. - Tranche B (3)	2,590,000		2,850,000		1.93	%	May 2024
–Bulk Pride - Tranche C (3)	5,200,000		6,300,000		4.69	%	May 2024
–Bulk Independence - Tranche E (3)	12,500,000		13,500,000		2.84	%	May 2024
Bulk Freedom Loan Agreement	3,200,000		3,800,000		4.03	%	June 2022
109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan	593,666		703,266		2.14	%	April 2026
Total	$	105,787,590	$	110,778,263
Less: unamortized bank fees	(3,897,208)		(4,137,872)
	$	101,890,382	$	106,640,391
Less: current portion	(57,382,674)		(22,990,674)
Secured long-term debt, net	$	44,507,708	$	83,649,717

(1)As of December 31, 2020.

(2)The borrowers under this facility are owned by NBHC. The Company has two-third's ownership interest and STST has one-third ownership interest in NBHC. NBHC is consolidated in accordance with ASC 810-10 and as such, amounts pertaining to the non-controlling ownership held by the third parties in the financial position of NBHC are reported as non-controlling interest in the accompanying balance sheets.

(3)This facility is cross-collateralized by the vessels m/v Bulk Endurance, m/v Bulk Pride, and m/v Bulk Independence and is guaranteed by the Company.

Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. And Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. – Dated September 28, 2015 - Amended and Restated Loan Agreement

The amended agreement advanced $21,750,000 in respect of each the m/v Nordic Odin and the m/v Nordic Olympic; $13,500,000 in respect of each the m/v Nordic Odyssey and the m/v Nordic Orion, and $21,000,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Oshima.

The agreement requires repayment of the advances as follows:

In respect of the Odin and Olympic advances, repayment to be made in 28 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 per borrower (one of which was paid prior to the amendment by each borrower) and balloon payments of $11,233,150 due with each of the final installments in October 2021.

In respect of the Odyssey and Orion advances, repayment to be made in 20 quarterly installments of $375,000 per borrower and balloon payments of $5,677,203 due with each of the final installments in September 2020. In September 2020 the Company amended the facility to make an additional quarterly installment of $375,000 per borrower and extend the balloon payments to December 2020 which were paid in full on December 23, 2020.

In respect of the Oshima advance, repayment to be made in 28 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 and a balloon payment of $11,254,295 due with the final installment in October 2021.

F-26

Interest on 50% of the advances to Odin and Olympic was fixed at 3.95% in January 2017. Interest on the remaining advances to Odin and Olympic was floating at LIBOR plus 2.0% and was fixed at 4.07% on April 27, 2017. Interest on 50% of the advance to Oshima was fixed at 4.16% in January 2017. Interest on the remaining advance to Oshima is floating at LIBOR plus 2.25% (2.48% at December 31, 2020).

The amended loan is secured by first preferred mortgages on the m/v Nordic Odin, m/v Nordic Olympic and m/v Nordic Oshima, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the three entities, and by guarantees of their shareholders.

The amended agreement contains one financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain minimum liquidity and a collateral maintenance ratio clause, which requires the aggregate fair market value of the vessels plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with this clause.

The Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. - Loan Agreement - Dated December 11, 2015

The agreement advanced $21,500,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Oasis. The agreement requires repayment of the advance in 24 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 beginning on March 28, 2016 and a balloon payment of $12,500,000 due with the final installment in October 2021. Interest on this advance is fixed at 4.30%.

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Nordic Oasis, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with this covenant.

The Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility - Dated December 23, 2020.

The agreement advanced $18,000,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion. The agreement requires repayment of the advance in 28 equal quarterly principal and interest installments of $571,821 beginning on March 23, 2021 and a balloon payment of $4,400,000 due with the final installment in December 2027. Interest on this advance is fixed at 2.95%.

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. As of December 31, 2020 the Company was in compliance with this covenant.

The Amended Senior Facility - Dated May 13, 2019 (previously identified as The Amended Senior Facility - Dated December 21, 2017)

On May 13, 2019, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Bulk Endurance, Bulk Pride and Bulk Independence entered into the Second Amendatory Agreement, (the "Second Amendment"), amending and supplementing the First Amendatory Agreement dated December 17, 2017. The Second Amendment advanced $14,000,000 under Tranche E in respect to the m/v Bulk Independence, extended maturity dates on Tranche A, B, and C to May 2024, and reduced applicable interest rate margin on Tranche A, B, and C to 1.70% for the first eight quarters following the drawdown of Tranche E, and 2.40% thereafter.

Bulk Endurance Tranche A and B

The amended agreement advanced $19,500,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Endurance on January 7, 2017, in two tranches. The agreement requires repayment of Tranche A, totaling $16,000,000, in three equal quarterly installments of $100,000 beginning on April 7, 2017 and 27 equal quarterly installments of $266,667. A balloon payment of $8,766,658 is due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 3.69% through March 2021, fixed at 4.39% through December 2021, and fixed at 3.46% thereafter. The agreement also advanced $3,500,000 under Tranche B, which is payable in 28 equal quarterly installments of $65,000 beginning on September 27, 2017, and a balloon payment of $1,745,000 due with the

F-27

final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance is floating at LIBOR plus 1.70% (1.93% at December 31, 2020) through March 2021, and thereafter at LIBOR plus 2.4%.

Bulk Pride Tranche C and D

The amended agreement advanced $10,000,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Pride on December 21, 2017, in two tranches. The agreement requires repayment of Tranche C, totaling $8,500,000, in 26 equal quarterly installments of $275,000 beginning in March 2018 and a balloon payment of $1,350,000 due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 4.69% through March 2021, fixed at 5.39% through December 2021, and fixed at 3.6% thereafter. The agreement also advanced $1,500,000 under Tranche D, which is payable in 4 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 beginning in September 2018. Tranche D was fully repaid in June 2019.

Bulk Independence Tranche E

The amended agreement advanced $14,000,000 under Tranche E in respect of the m/v Bulk Independence on May 13, 2019, which requires repayment of 20 equal quarterly installments of $250,000 beginning in September 2019 and a balloon payment of $9,000,000 due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 3.48% through March 31, 2020, fixed at 2.84% through December 31, 2021 and fixed at 3.54% thereafter.

The loan is secured by first preferred mortgages on the m/v Bulk Endurance, the m/v Bulk Pride and the m/v Bulk Independence, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a minimum liquidity requirement, positive working capital of the borrower and a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The Bulk Freedom Corp. Loan Agreement -- Dated June 14, 2017

The agreement advanced $5,500,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Freedom on June 14, 2017. The agreement requires repayment of the loan in 8 quarterly installments of $175,000 and 12 quarterly installments of $150,000 beginning on September 14, 2017. A balloon payment of $2,300,000 is due on June 14, 2022 with the final installment. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 3.75% (4.03% at December 31, 2020).

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Bulk Freedom, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan

Initial amount of $1,096,000 entered into on May 27, 2016. The Long Wharf Construction to Term Loan was repaid from the proceeds of this new facility. The loan is payable in 120 equal monthly installments of $9,133. Interest is floating at the 30 day LIBOR plus 2.00% (2.14% at December 31, 2020). The loan is collateralized by all real estate located at 109 Long Wharf, Newport, RI, and a corporate guarantee of the Company. The loan contains a maximum loan to value covenant and a debt service coverage ratio. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

F-28

The future minimum annual payments under the debt agreements are as follows: 

	Years ending December 31,
2021	$	57,382,674
2022	7,965,048
2023	5,419,597
2024	24,292,430
2025	2,106,956
Thereafter	8,620,885
	$	105,787,590

NOTE 9 - COMMON STOCK AND NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

Common stock

The Company has 100,000,000 shares of common stock ($0.0001 par value) authorized, of which 45,447,751 were issued as of December 31, 2020.

Restricted Securities

On August 12, 2019, the Company's shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2014 Plan that was adopted by the Board on May 14, 2019. The PANGAEA LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS LTD. 2014 SHARE INCENTIVE PLAN (as amended and restated by the Board of Directors on May 14, 2019), (the "Amended Plan"), increased the aggregate number of common shares with respect to which awards may be granted under the Amended Plan, such that the total number of shares made available for grant is 4,500,000.

At December 31, 2020, shares issued to employees under the Amended Plan totaled 2,964,124 after forfeitures. These restricted shares vest at the rate of one-third of the total granted on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the vesting commencement date.

Total non-cash compensation cost recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is $2,314,940 and $1,737,315, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of activity related to outstanding restricted securities for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 is presented in the table below:

	Restricted Shares	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested shares at December 31, 2018	1,461,923	$	2.89
Granted	958,480	$	2.94
Vested	(433,667)	$	2.83
Forfeited	(70,918)	$	3.20
Unvested shares at December 31, 2019	1,915,818	$	2.97
Granted	662,301	$	2.78
Vested	(748,026)	$	2.84
Forfeited	(4,667)	$	2.79
Unvested shares at December 31, 2020	1,825,426	$	2.96

F-29

	Fiscal Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Fair value of restricted shares vested	$	1,476,300	$	1,406,552
Unrecognized compensation cost for restricted shares	$	4,048,729	$	4,536,683
Weighted average remaining period to expense restricted shares (years)	3.41		3.14

Dividends

Dividends on common stock are recorded when declared by the Board of Directors. Dividends were declared and paid quarterly commencing in May 2019. In March 2020 the Company suspended its dividend due to the uncertainty caused by COVID-19 global pandemic, however it declared a quarterly cash divided in December 2020 which will be payable to shareholders of record as of March 1, 2021.

Dividends payable consist of the following:

	2013 common stock dividend (2)		Dividends payable on issued and outstanding common stock(1)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4,063,598	$	—	$	4,063,598
Accrued dividend	—		4,658,576		4,658,576
Paid in cash	(3,585,239)		(4,504,974)		(8,090,213)
Balance at December 31, 2019	478,359		153,602		631,961
Accrued dividend	—		908,955		908,955
Paid in cash	(478,359)		(56,794)		(535,153)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	—	$	1,005,763	$	1,005,763

(1) Accrued dividends on unvested restricted shares under the Company's incentive compensation plan, plus accrued dividends declared on December 2020 to all shareholders of record as of March 1, 2021.

(2) Payable to related parties.

Noncontrolling Interests

Amounts pertaining to the non-controlling ownership interest held by third parties in the financial position and operating results of the Company’s subsidiaries and/or consolidated VIEs are reported as non-controlling interest in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The non-controlling ownership interest attributable to NBHC and its wholly-owned shipowning subsidiaries amounts to approximately $50,067,000 and $71,003,403 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Non-controlling interest attributable to VBC was approximately $1,598,000 and $1,822,000 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

NOTE 10 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Vessel Sales and Leasebacks Accounted for as Finance Leases (in accordance with ASC 840)

At December 31, 2020, the Company's fleet includes three vessels financed under sale and leaseback financing arrangements accounted for as finance leases in accordance with ASC 840, prior to adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. These leases are secured by the assignment of earnings and insurances and by guarantees of the Company.

F-30

The selling price of the m/v Bulk Destiny to the new owner (lessor) was $21.0 million and the fair value of the vessel at the inception of the lease was $24.0 million. The difference between the selling price and the fair value of the vessel was recorded as prepaid rent and is being amortized over the 25 year estimated useful life of the vessel. Prepaid rent is included in finance lease right of use assets (previously "vessels under capital lease") on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020. Minimum lease payments fluctuate based on three-month LIBOR and are payable quarterly over the seven year lease term, with a purchase obligation of $11.2 million due with the final lease payment in January 2024. Interest is floating at LIBOR plus 2.75% (2.98% including the margin, at inception of the lease). The Company will own this vessel at the end of the lease term. The lease contains a minimum liquidity requirement, positive working capital of the leasee and a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The selling price of the m/v Bulk Beothuk was $7.0 million and the fair value was estimated to be the same. The lease is payable at $3,500 per day every fifteen days over the five year lease term, and a balloon payment of $4.0 million is due with the final lease payment in June 2022. The implied interest rate at inception was 11.83%. In January 2020 the Company completed an early buy-out of the lease for a purchase price of $5.5 million and the vessel was sold to an unrelated third party for a net sale price of $4.6 million on August 4, 2020.

The selling price of the m/v Bulk Trident was $13.0 million and the fair value was estimated to be the same. The Company simultaneously leased the vessel back from the buyer. The minimum lease payments fluctuate based on three-month LIBOR and are payable monthly over the eight-year lease term. The Company has the option to purchase the vessel at the end of the third year of the lease or thereafter, or in the case of default by the lessor, at any time during the lease term. Interest is floating at LIBOR plus 1.7% (1.93% including the margin, at December 31, 2020). The Company will own this vessel at the end of the lease term.

The selling price of the m/v Bulk PODS was $14.8 million and the fair value was estimated to be the same. The Company simultaneously leased the vessel back from the buyer. The minimum lease payments fluctuate based on three-month LIBOR and are payable monthly over the eight-year lease term. The Company has the option to purchase the vessel at the end of the third year of the lease or thereafter, or in the case of default by the lessor, at any time during the lease term. Interest is floating at LIBOR plus 1.7% (1.94% including the margin, at December 31, 2020). The Company will own this vessel at the end of the lease term.

Vessel Acquisition Accounted for as a Finance Lease (in accordance with new accounting guidance - ASC 842, adopted January 1, 2019)

In February 2019, the Company acquired the m/v Bulk Spirit for $13.0 million, which is the estimated fair value and simultaneously entered into a failed sale and leaseback of the vessel. The Company determined that the transfer of the vessel to the lessor was not a sale in accordance with ASC 606, because control of the vessel was not transferred to the lessor. The lease is classified as finance lease in accordance with ASC 842, because the lease transfers ownership of the vessel to the Company by the end of the lease term. The minimum lease payments include interest at 5.10% for the first five years. Interest fluctuates based on the three-month LIBOR for the remaining three years of the eight-year lease term. The Company has the option to purchase the vessel at the end of the second year of the lease or thereafter, or in the case of default by the lessor, at any time during the lease term. The Company is obligated to repurchase the vessel at the end of the lease term. A balloon payment of $3.9 million is due with the final lease payment in March 2027. This lease is secured by the assignment of earnings and insurances and by a guarantee of the Company.

In September 2019, the Company acquired the m/v Bulk Friendship for $14.1 million, which is the estimated fair value and simultaneously entered into a failed sale and leaseback of the vessel. The Company determined that the transfer of the vessel to the lessor was not a sale in accordance with ASC 606, because control of the vessel was not transferred to the lessor. The lease is classified as finance lease in accordance with ASC 842, because the lease includes a fixed price purchase option, which the Company expects to exercise at the end of the lease term. The minimum lease payments include imputed interest at 5.29%. The Company has the option to purchase the vessel at the end of the third year of the lease or thereafter, or in the case of default by the lessor, at any time during the lease term. In the event the Company has not exercised any of the purchase options during the term of the charter then the Company shall have a final purchase option to purchase the vessel at the end of the fifth year at a fixed price of $7.8 million. This lease is secured by the assignment of earnings and insurances and by a guarantee of the Company.

Vessel Newbuildings

F-31

During the second and third quarter of 2019, the Company entered into two vessel newbuilding contracts to build four new high ice class post-panamax 95,000 dwt dry bulk vessels. The new vessels, with a building cost of between approximately $37.7 million to $38.3 million each, are expected to be delivered in 2021. The Company has made deposits of $15.4 million for the four new vessels in 2019. The second installments of 20% are due and payable upon the earlier of, five months after launching of the vessels or delivery, and the final payments are due upon delivery of the vessels.

The Company entered into a series of transactions to finance its four new post-panamax dry bulk vessels, to be delivered in 2021, under sale and leaseback transactions. The agreements obligate the Company to sell the vessels upon completion of construction at the lesser of approximately $32 million or 85% of fair market value at closing. Following the sale, the Company is obligated to charter the vessels from the buyer under a bareboat charter for a period of 15 years with a purchase obligation of $2.5 million at the end of year 15. The Company has options to purchase the vessels at designated prices starting the sixth year after delivery of each vessel. The Company expects to account for these transactions as failed sale and leaseback transactions and classify the leases as finance leases.    

The Company has also entered into a LLC agreement with the non-controlling interest holder of NBP which includes certain obligations as described in Note 11.

Legal Proceedings and Claims

The Company is subject to certain asserted claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company intends to vigorously assert its rights and defend itself in any litigation that may arise from such claims. While the ultimate outcome of these matters could affect the results of operations of any one year, and while there can be no assurance with respect thereto, management believes that after final disposition, any financial impact to the Company would not be material to its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.    

Long-term Contracts Accounted for as Operating Leases

The Company leases office space for its Copenhagen operations. Since December 31, 2018, this lease continues on a month to month basis. The non-cancelable period is six months.

The Company leases office space for its Singapore operations. At December 31, 2020, the remaining lease term is eleven months.

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized approximately $0.2 million as lease expense for office leases in General and Administrative Expenses.

Future minimum lease payments under finance leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2020 were:

	Year ending December 31,
2021	$	9,380,057
2022	9,264,017
2023	9,148,487
2024	26,062,633
2025	5,443,736
Thereafter	7,576,832
Total minimum lease payments	$	66,875,762
Less amount representing interest	9,377,276
Present value of minimum lease payments	57,498,486
Less current portion	6,978,192
Long-term portion	$	50,520,294

F-32

NOTE 11 - OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

In September 2019, the Company entered into an LLC agreement for the formation of NBP, that, at inception is owned 75% by the Company and 25% by an independent third party. NBP was established for the purpose of constructing and owning four new-build ice class post panamax vessels. During the construction phase of the vessel, the third party has committed to contribute additional funding and ultimately own 50% of NBP at the time of delivery of the new-build ice class post panamax vessels. The agreement contains both put and call option provisions. Accordingly, the Company may be obligated, pursuant to the put option, or entitled to, pursuant to the call option, to purchase the third party's interest in NBP beginning anytime after September 2026. The put option and call option are at fixed prices which are not significantly different from each other, starting at $4.0 million per vessel on the fourth anniversary from completion and delivery of each vessel and declining to $3.7 million per vessel on or after the seventh anniversary from completion and delivery of each vessel. If neither put nor call option is exercised, the Company is obligated to purchase the vessels from NBP at a fixed price. Pursuant to ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the Company has recorded the third party's interest in NBP of $4.8 million in Long term liabilities - Other at December 31, 2019. Earnings attributable to the third party’s interest in NBP are recorded in Interest expense, net, which resulted in additional interest expenses of $177,802 and $44,950, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

On September 28, 2020, the Company acquired an additional one-third equity interest in its partially-owned consolidated subsidiary NBHC from its shareholders. The Company owned a one-third of equity interest of NBHC, a joint-venture formed in October 2012 for the purpose of owning Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd. (“Bulk Odyssey”) and Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. (“Bulk Orion”) and to invest in additional vessels through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The acquisition increases the Company’s equity interest in NBHC to 66.7%. The purchase price of the equity interest was $22.5 million, including a $15.0 million cash payment upon closing and $7.5 million of deferred consideration, at a six-month LIBOR plus 3.5%, in three equal installments of $2.5 million due on the first, second, and third anniversaries of September 28, 2020. The deferred consideration is recorded in "Other current liabilities" and "Long-term liabilities - other" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020. NBHC will continue to be a consolidated entity in the Company’s consolidated financial statements pursuant to ASC 810-10. The portion of NBHC not owned by the Company will continue to be recognized as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

F-33

NOTE 12 - UNAUDITED QUARTERLY DATA

(Dollars in millions, except share and per share amounts. Figures may not foot due to rounding)	2020								2019
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4
Revenues:
Voyage revenue	$	86.5	$	66.9	$	98.1	$	98.2	$	65.9	$	77.4	$	103.8	$	118.6
Charter revenue	9.4		3.5		5.6		14.6		13.7		5.9		15.1		11.9
	95.9		70.4		103.7		112.8		79.6		83.3		118.9		130.5
Expenses:
Voyage expense	47.8		31.8		40.7		41.6		32.2		37.2		45.1		51.0
Charter hire expense	32.3		15.2		35.0		45.3		24.9		18.3		42.0		47.7
Vessel operating expenses	9.9		9.3		9.7		9.1		9.8		11.1		11.3		13.1
General and administrative	4.0		3.9		3.7		4.4		4.0		5.4		2.8		5.2
Depreciation and amortization	4.2		4.3		4.2		4.2		4.4		4.5		4.7		5.0
Loss on impairment of vessels	—		1.8		—		—		—		—		—		4.8
(Gain) loss on sale of vessel	(0.1)		0.3		0.5		—		—		—		—		4.6
Total expenses	98.1		66.6		93.8		104.6		75.3		76.5		105.9		131.4
Income/(loss) from operations	(2.2)		3.8		9.9		8.2		4.3		6.8		13.0		(0.9)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net	(2.1)		(2.0)		(2.0)		(1.8)		(2.2)		(2.1)		(2.5)		(2.4)
Interest expense related party notes payable	—		—		—		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments	(2.9)		1.4		—		1.4		2.3		0.2		(0.3)		0.5
Other income	0.6		0.1		0.3		—		0.2		0.2		0.2		(0.3)
Total other expense, net	(4.4)		(0.5)		(1.7)		(0.4)		0.3		(1.8)		(2.6)		(2.2)
Net (loss) income	(6.8)		3.3		8.2		7.9		4.5		5.2		10.4		(3.0)
(Income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		(0.3)		(0.7)		(0.3)		(0.8)		(1.1)		(2.1)		(1.4)
Net income attributable to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.	$	(6.8)	$	3.0	$	7.5	$	7.6	$	3.7	$	4.1	$	8.3	$	(4.4)
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	(0.16)	$	0.07	$	0.17	$	0.17	$	0.09	$	0.09	$	0.19	$	(0.10)
Diluted	$	(0.16)	$	0.07	$	0.17	$	0.17	$	0.09	$	0.09	$	0.19	$	(0.10)
Weighted average shares used to compute earnings per common share
Basic	43,341,005		43,445,789		43,488,241		43,489,698		42,601,227		42,767,785		42,817,933		42,819,589
Diluted	43,341,005		43,445,789		43,510,961		44,337,242		43,071,632		43,293,022		43,354,742		42,819,589

F-34

NOTE 13 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In February 8, 2021 the Company entered into a memorandum of agreement to purchase an Ultramax vessel to add to its operating fleet for $16.5 million. The vessel is expected to be delivered to the Company by May 2021.

In March 3, 2021 the Company entered into a memorandum of agreement to purchase an Panamax vessel to add to its operating fleet for $18.3 million. The vessel is expected to be delivered to the Company in the second quarter of 2021.

On March 8, 2021, the Company obtained a commitment letter from its lenders for a new six year $53 million senior secured term loan facility. The proceeds from the new senior secured loan will be used to refinance in full the balloon amounts on the Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd., Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. and Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreements which is expected to be completed within March of 2021.

F-35

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 15, 2021.

PANGAEA LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS LTD.
By:	/s/ Edward Coll
Edward Coll
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ Gianni Del Signore
Gianni Del Signore
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

69

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Edward Coll and Anthony Laura and each of them, as attorney-in-fact with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place or stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this annual report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this annual report on Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Edward Coll	Chairman of the Board and Chief	March 15, 2021
Edward Coll	Executive Officer
/s/ Carl Claus Boggild	President (Brazil) and Director	March 15, 2021
Carl Claus Boggild
/s/ Gianni DelSignore	Chief Financial Officer, Principal	March 15, 2021
Gianni DelSignore	Accounting Officer and Director
/s/ Anthony Laura	Director	March 15, 2021
Anthony Laura
/s/ Richard T. du Moulin	Director	March 15, 2021
Richard T. du Moulin
/s/ Mark L. Filanowski	Chief Operating Officer and Director	March 15, 2021
Mark L. Filanowski
/s/ Eric S. Rosenfeld	Director	March 15, 2021
Eric S. Rosenfeld
/s/ David D. Sgro	Director	March 15, 2021
David D. Sgro

70

Exhibit no.	Description
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form S-1 filed on February 4, 2015).
3.2	Bye-laws of Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form S-1 filed on February 4, 2015.)
10.1	Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd., Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. and Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 12, 2015).
10.2	Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2016).
10.3	Purchase Agreement by and between Bulk Nordic Five Ltd. and Nicole Navigation S.A. dated October 27, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2017).
10.4	Bareboat Charter Party by and between Nicole Navigation S.A and Bulk Nordic Five Ltd. dated October 27, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2017).
10.5	Nordic Bulk Six Ltd. Loan Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2017).
10.6	Purchase Agreement Addendum by and between Bulk Nordic Five Ltd. and Nicole Navigation S.A. dated October 27, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2017).
10.7	Bulk Freedom Corp. Loan Agreement dated 14 June 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 14, 2017).
10.8	Americas Bulk Transport (BVI) Limited Barecon dated 6 June 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 14, 2017).
10.9	Americas Bulk Transport (BVI) Limited Barecon Riders dated 6 June 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 14, 2017).
10.10	Bareboat Charter Party Dated June 6, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 14, 2017).
10.11	Bareboat Charter Party Dated May 23, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 7, 2018).
10.12	Bareboat Charter Party Dated August 2, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 8, 2018).
10.13	Bareboat Charter Party Dated February 21, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2019).
10.14	The Amended Senior Facility - Dated May 13, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 12, 2019).
10.15	Bulk Friendship Bareboat Charter Party Dated September 10th 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 7, 2019).
10.16	Limited Liability Company Agreement of Nordic Bulk Partners LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2020).
10.17	Bareboat Charter Party Dated September 27, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2020).
10.18	ASO 2020 Share Transfer Agreement. *
10.19	Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility *
23.1	Consent of Grant Thornton LLP.*
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.1	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.2	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema*
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase*
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase*
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase*
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith

71

EX-10.18

Share Transfer Agreement

This SHARE TRANSFER AGREEMENT (the/this “Agreement”), dated […]

BETWEEN:

(i) ASO 2020 Maritime Nordic Bulk Holding Ltd. of the Marshall Islands, with its registered address at Trust Company Complex Ajeltake Road, Ajeltake Island, Majuro, Marshall Islands MH96960 (“ASO” or “Seller”);

(ii) Bulk Fleet Bermuda Holding Company Limited of Bermuda, with its registered address at 3rd Floor, Par la Ville Place, Par la Ville Road, Hamilton HM08 Bermuda (“BFB” or "Purchaser");

and

(iii) Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. of Bermuda, with its registered address at 3rd Floor, Par la Ville Place, Par la Ville Road, Hamilton HM08 Bermuda (the “Company”).

The Seller and the Purchaser shall hereinafter collectively be referred to as the "Parties" and each individually as a/the "Party".

WHEREAS:

A.The authorized share capital of the Company is 90,010,000 registered common shares, with a par value of United States One Dollar (US$ 1.00) per share (the “Authorized Shares”), of which 77,790,006.99 are issued and outstanding (the “Issued Shares”). The unissued 12,219,993 Authorized Shares remain in the treasury of the Company.

B.The transfer of the Issued Shares is subject to the terms and conditions of a Shareholders Agreement dated January 10, 2013, as amended from time to time, entered into between and among (i) STST; (ii) BFB; and ASO 2020 Maritime, S.A., as predecessor in interest to ASO (the “Shareholders Agreement”).

C.As of the date of this Agreement, the Issued Shares are registered as follows:

ShareholderNo. of Shares            Stock Certificate No.

BFB                    25,930,002.33        6

ST Shipping and Transport Pte. Ltd.    25,930,002.33        7

ASO 2020 Maritime, S.A.,

as predecessor in interest to ASO 25,930,002.93        8

D.ASO, as the sole and undisputed owner and holder of 25,930,002.33 Issued Shares (the “Sale Shares”)

E.wishes to sell and transfer, and the Purchaser wishes to purchase and receive, the full ownership of the Sale Shares in accordance with the terms set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and undertakings contained herein, and subject to and on the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

Article 1 - Definitions

In this Agreement the following expressions shall, unless the context otherwise requires or it is otherwise provided, have the following meanings:

“ASO” “Authorized Shares” “BFB” “Bye-Laws”  “Purchaser”	has the meaning set forth in the preamble;
“Company” “Deferred Consideration”	has the meaning set forth in part A of the preamble;
“Encumbrance” “Issued Shares”	means any claim, lien, security interest, charge, pledge, mortgage, option, encumbrance, right of pre-emption, right of first refusal, or other restriction or right of any third party of any kind or an agreement, arrangement or obligation to create any of the foregoing (including but not limited to holding in trust for the benefit of another, interests arising from options and security agreement;
“Party” or “Parties “Pledge” “Pledge Agreement” “Purchase Price” “Sale”	has the meaning set forth in the preamble; has the meaning described at Clause 3.1. herein;

2

“Seller”	has the meaning set forth in the preamble;
“Sale Shares” “Shareholders Agreement” “STST”	means the shares to be sold and transferred under this Agreement and has the meaning as set forth in part B of the preamble;
“Tax”	means all forms of taxation whether direct or indirect and whether levied by reference to income, profits, gains, net wealth, asset values, turnover, contractual arrangements, employment arrangements, added value (VAT) or other reference and statutory, governmental, provincial or municipal impositions, duties, contributions, rates and levies (including without limitation social security contributions and any other payroll taxes), whenever and wherever imposed (whether imposed by way of a withholding or deduction for or on account of tax or otherwise) and in respect of any person and all penalties, charges, costs and interest relating thereto;

Article 2 - Sale and transfer of the Sale Shares

2.1. In consideration of the Purchase Price as set forth in Article 3, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Seller transfers all of its right, title and interest in and to the Sale Shares to the Purchaser and consequently, the Purchaser becomes as of the date hereof the exclusive owner of the Sale Shares with all rights attaching to them or resulting from them, free from all Encumbrances whatsoever (the “Sale”).

2.2 In furtherance of the Sale, the Seller shall (a) deliver to the Purchaser a duly executed stock power in in such form and tenor as may be required by the Bye-Laws of the Company, Bermuda law, or otherwise; (b) such other documents as may be necessary or desirable in furtherance of the Sale.

2.3. The transfer of the Sale Shares will be duly recorded on the books and records of the Company.

2.4 Following the above actions, the Purchaser will acquire the full and exclusive ownership of the Sale Shares.

Article 3 - Purchase Price

3

3.1. The Purchase Price corresponding to the Sales Shares is Twenty Two Million Five Hundred Thousand US Dollars [US$ 22,500,000.-] (the “Purchase Price”).

3.2. The Purchaser has paid today to the Seller the amount of Fifteen Million US Dollars [US$ 15,000,000.-] by wire transfer to the account of the Seller with Citibank N.A. The amount of Seven Million Five Hundred Thousand US Dollars (US$ 7,500,000.-) will be paid in three (3) annual instalments, each payable on the anniversary date hereof (the “Deferred Consideration”). Interest at the rate of three and a half per cent (3.5%) over 6 months’ Libor (or its substitute) will be payable on each instalment payment date. The Deferred Consideration and interest thereon will be secured with a Pledge on the Sale Shares as per the Pledge Agreement signed on the date hereof. In consequence the Sale Shares shall remain in the custody of the Seller until repayment in time and in full of all amounts due by Purchaser.

3.3. The Purchase Price corresponding to the Sale Shares is agreed and acknowledged by the Parties to be fair, reasonable and appropriate.

Article 4 - Seller’s and Purchaser’s representations and warranties

4.1. The Seller represents and warrants to the Purchaser that:

(a)Seller is the sole and indisputable legal and beneficial owner of the Sale Shares;

(b) there is no Encumbrance on, over or affecting the Sale Shares or any of them, nor any agreement or commitment or any other obligation to create any such Encumbrance and no claim has been made that any person is entitled to any such Encumbrance.

(c)The Sale is deemed to comply with the terms of the Shareholders Agreement and that STST consents to the Sale.

4.2. Purchaser warrants to the Seller that it has full knowledge of the affairs and accounts of the Company and therefore waves any right to due diligence on the Company.

4.3. Both parties represent to each other that they have undertaken all corporate action needed to authorise the present transaction.

Article 5 - Taxes

Each Party undertakes to pay any Tax, costs, expenses, fee, in connection to the present sale as provided by the applicable legislation for the transfer of shares.

Article 6 - Miscellaneous

6.1. This Agreement supersedes all prior discussions and writings and constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. No waiver or modification of this Agreement will be binding upon either Party unless made in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of each party and no failure or delay in enforcing any right will be deemed a waiver.

6.2. Notices or communications under this Agreement shall be sent to the respective party hereto by registered mail, e-mail or fax to the following contact details:

For the Seller:

4

Attn: George Karageorgiou

Address: ……………………….

E-mail: ………………………..

For the Purchaser:

Attn: ………………

Address: ……………………….

E-mail: ………………………..

6.3. In the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, such provisions shall be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary so that this Agreement shall otherwise remain in full force and effect.

6.4. The Parties agree and undertake that the present Agreement and all details pertaining to the existence and content of the Agreement will remain strictly confidential and shall not be disclosed to any third party unless otherwise agreed by all Parties or unless requested by a public authority or as otherwise required by the law. In case of any disclosure or announcement on behalf of any Party, such must be a priori be approved by the other Parties as per such disclosure’s or announcement’s form and timing, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld.

Article 7 - Jurisdiction – Applicable Law

This Agreement shall be governed by English law and any dispute arising out of or in relation hereto shall be finally settled by arbitration in London under the London Arbitration Act.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement in two (2) original copies, one for each Party as of the date first above written.

For The Seller                            For The Purchaser

___________________                        ___________________

A.S. Papadimitriou

___________________

George Karageorgiou

5

For the Company

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH CONSENT

ST Shipping and Transport Pte. Ltd.

6

EX-10.19

LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

dated as of December 23, 2020

by and between

BANC OF AMERICA LEASING & CAPITAL, LLC    ,

as Lender

and

BULK NORDIC ORION (MI) CORP.

and

BULK NORDIC ODYSSEY (MI) CORP.,

as Borrowers

US$18,000,000 Senior Secured Term Loan Facility

4822-8289-8388

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SectionPage

ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS; ACCOUNTING TERMS, ETC.	1
SECTION 1.01. Certain Defined Terms	1
SECTION 1.02. Construction of Certain Terms	13
SECTION 1.03. General Interpretation	14
SECTION 1.04. Computation of Time Periods	14
SECTION 1.05. Accounting Terms	14
SECTION 1.06. Inconsistency Between this Agreement and Other Loan Documents	14
ARTICLE II THE LOAN	14
SECTION 2.01. The Loan	14
SECTION 2.02. Drawdown Procedure.	14
SECTION 2.03. Advance of Loan Proceeds.	14
SECTION 2.04. The Note	15
SECTION 2.05. Repayment of Principal and Interest	15
ARTICLE III PAYMENT PROVISIONS	15
SECTION 3.01. Payments and Computations	15
SECTION 3.02. Liens; Setoff.	16
SECTION 3.03. Prepayment.	17
ARTICLE IV SECURITY	17
SECTION 4.01. Grant of Security Interest	17
SECTION 4.02. Release of Collateral	17
SECTION 4.03. Exercise of Powers of Attorney	18
ARTICLE V CONDITIONS OF BORROWING	18
SECTION 5.01. Conditions Precedent to the Funding of the Loan	18
SECTION 5.02. Conditions Subsequent	19
ARTICLE VI REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES	20
SECTION 6.01. Representations and Warranties	20
ARTICLE VII COVENANTS OF BORROWERS	23
SECTION 7.01. Affirmative Covenants	23
SECTION 7.02. Negative Covenants	33
ARTICLE VIII EVENTS OF DEFAULT; REMEDIES	35
SECTION 8.01. Events of Default; Remedies.	35
SECTION 8.02. Additional Rights.	37
ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS	38
SECTION 9.01. Amendments, etc	38
SECTION 9.02. Notices, etc.	38
SECTION 9.03. GOVERNING LAW	39
SECTION 9.04. Consent to Jurisdiction; Service of Process; Waiver of Venue	39

SECTION 9.05. No Remedy Exclusive	39
SECTION 9.06. Payment of Costs	39
SECTION 9.07. Further Assurances	40
SECTION 9.08. Counterparts	40
SECTION 9.09. Headings	40
SECTION 9.10. Severability	40
SECTION 9.11. Survival	40
SECTION 9.12. WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY	40
SECTION 9.13. Assignment	40
SECTION 9.14. PATRIOT ACT.	41
SECTION 9.15. Currency Indemnity.	41
SECTION 9.16. Exchange Control.	42
SECTION 9.17. Joint and Several.	42
SECTION 9.18. Electronic Signatures.	42

Exhibit A    – Form of Approved Manager’s Undertaking

Exhibit B    – Form of Assignment of Earnings

Exhibit C    – Form of Assignment of Insurances

Exhibit D    – Form of Assignment of Time Charter and Time Charter Guarantee

Exhibit E-1    – Form of Guaranty Agreement

Exhibit E-2 – Form of Glencore Guarantee

Exhibit F    – Form of First Preferred Mortgage

Exhibit G    – Form of Note

Exhibit H     – Form of Stock Pledge Agreement

Appendix A –    Form of Compliance Certificate

Appendix B –    Form of Drawdown Notice

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LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

THIS LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of December 23, 2020, is entered into by and between BANC OF AMERICA LEASING & CAPITAL, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, with an office at 2059 Northlake Parkway, Tucker, Georgia 30084 (together with its successors, transferees and assigns, the “Lender”), and BULK NORDIC ORION (MI) CORP. and BULK NORDIC ODYSSEY (MI) CORP., each a company organized under the laws of The Republic of the Marshall Islands, each with its registered address at Trust Company Complex, Ajeltake Road, Ajeltake Island, Majuro MH 96960 (together with their respective successors and permitted assigns, collectively, jointly and severally, the “Borrowers” and each individually, a “Borrower”).

RECITALS:

WHEREAS, the Borrowers have applied to the Lender for a US$18,000,000 senior secured term loan facility, the proceeds of which shall be used to finance Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp.’s purchase of the Panamanian flag vessel named “NORDIC ORION” (IMO No. 9529463) and Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp.’s purchase of the Panamanian flag vessel named “NORDIC ODYSSEY” (IMO No. 9529451) (collectively, the “Vessels” and each individually, a “Vessel”) and to pay certain fees and costs incident thereto; and

WHEREAS, as security for the prompt payment and performance of their obligations in connection therewith, the Borrowers have agreed to grant the Lender, among other things, a first preferred mortgage over the whole of each of the Vessels and a first priority security interest in all of said Vessels’ earnings, insurances and requisition compensation; and

WHEREAS, as inducement to the Lender to make such credit facility available to the Borrowers, Nordic Bulk Holding, the parent company of the Borrowers, has offered to pledge to the Lender, and grant the Lender a first priority security interest in 100% of the shares of capital stock of each Borrower and, in conjunction with Pangaea, Glencore Plc, Bulk Fleet and Bulk Partners (collectively, the “Guarantors” and each individually, a “Guarantor”) has agreed, subject to the terms of their respective guarantees, to guarantee the obligations of the Borrowers to the Lender hereunder and under each of the other Loan Documents; and

WHEREAS, the Lender has agreed to make such loan available to the Borrowers, subject to and upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency whereof are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto do hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I.

DEFINITIONS; ACCOUNTING TERMS, ETC.

“

SECTION i..Certain Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings:

“ . As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings:

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“Acceptable Accounting Firm” means Ernst & Young LLP, Grant Thornton or such other nationally recognized accounting firm acceptable to the Lender.

“Account Bank” means Bank of America, N.A.

“Affiliate” means, as to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, such Person or is a director or officer of such Person, and for purposes of this definition, the term “control” (including the terms “controlling”, “controlled by” and “under common control with”) of a Person means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to vote 35% or more of the Voting Stock of such Person or to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of Voting Stock, by contract or otherwise.

“Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble of this Agreement.

“Allocated Percentage Value” means, in the case of the “NORDIC ORION”, 52.5% and in the case of the “NORDIC ODYSSEY”, 47.5%.

“Appraisal” means a desktop appraisal to be delivered by Borrowers to the Lender confirming the current Fair Market Value of the Vessels, which appraisal shall be in form and substance and otherwise satisfactory to the Lender.

“Approved Broker” means Maritime Strategies International Ltd., Arrow London, Compass Maritime, Maersk Brokers, ICAP, Howe Robinson, SSY or such other company proposed by the Borrowers and approved by the Lender (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld), for the purpose of valuing each Vessel, who shall act as an expert and not as an arbitrator and whose valuation shall be conclusive and binding on all parties to this Agreement.

“Approved Management Agreement” means, in relation to each Vessel in respect of its commercial and/or technical management, a management agreement between the relevant Borrower and an Approved Manager.

“Approved Manager” means Seamar Management SA, SCF Management Services (Cyprus) Ltd. or any other company proposed by the Borrowers and approved by the Lender (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld) as the commercial and/or technical manager of each Vessel.

“Approved Manager’s Undertaking” means, in relation to each Vessel, the letter executed and delivered by an Approved Manager, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A.

“Assignment of Earnings” means the Assignment of Earnings, dated as of the date hereof, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, pursuant to which each Borrower shall collaterally assign to the Lender, and grant the Lender a continuing, first priority security interest in and lien on, all Earnings of the Vessel.

“Assignment of Insurances” means the Assignment of Insurances, dated as of the date hereof, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C, pursuant to which each Borrower shall collaterally assign to the Lender, and grant to the Lender a continuing, first priority security interest in and lien on, all Insurances of the Vessel.

“Assignment of Time Charter and Time Charter Guarantee” means the Assignment of Time Charter and Time Charter Guarantee, dated as of the date hereof, substantially in the form attached hereto as

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Exhibit D, pursuant to which each Borrower shall collaterally assign to the Lender, and grant the Lender a continuing, first priority security interest in and lien on, all of such Borrower’s rights, title and interests in and to the Time Charter and Time Charter Guarantee entered into by it in respect of its Vessel.

“Bankruptcy Code” means the U.S.C. §§ 101, etseq., as amended or otherwise modified from time to time.

“Bank Secrecy Act” means the United States Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, as amended.

“Bulk Fleet” means Bulk Fleet Bermuda Holding Company Limited, a Bermuda company.

“Bulk Partners” means Bulk Partners (Bermuda) Ltd., a Bermuda company that is a wholly-owned, direct subsidiary of Pangaea.

“Business Day” means any day of the year excluding Saturday, Sunday and any day which shall be, in the City of New York, New York, a legal holiday or a day on which banking and other financial institutions are authorized or required by law or other government actions to close.

“Change of Control” means:

(a)    in respect to each Borrower, the occurrence of any act, event or circumstance that without the prior written consent of the Lender results in Nordic Bulk Holding owning less than 100% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests in each Borrower;

(b)    in respect to Nordic Bulk Holding, the occurrence of any act, event or circumstance that without the prior written consent of the Lender results in Bulk Fleet and St Shipping owning directly, in the aggregate, less than 66% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests in Nordic Bulk Holding;

(c)    in respect to Bulk Fleet, the occurrence of any act, event or circumstance that without the prior written consent of the Lender results in Bulk Partners owning directly or indirectly less than 100% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests in Bulk Fleet;

(d)    in respect to Bulk Partners, the occurrence of any act or event or circumstance that without the prior written consent of the Lender results in Pangaea owning directly or indirectly less than 100% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests in Bulk Partners;

(e)    in respect to Pangaea, the occurrence of any act or event or circumstance that without the prior written consent of the Lender (i) the Person or Persons owning a controlling interest in Pangaea fail to be in compliance with the provisions and requirements of the PATRIOT ACT and/or listed as a Prohibited Person on any Sanctions list, (ii) Edward Coll (or another person approved by the Lender in writing, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld) no longer being the Chief Executive Officer or other executive officer of Pangaea, or (iii) Pangaea ceases to own 100% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of its various wholly-owned subsidiaries;

(f)    in respect to ST Shipping, the occurrence of any act, event or circumstance that without the prior written consent of the Lender results in Glencore AG owning directly or indirectly less than a majority of the issued and outstanding voting Equity Interests in ST Shipping; and

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(g)    in respect of Glencore AG, the occurrence of any act, event or circumstance that without the prior written consent of the Lender results in Glencore Plc owning directly or indirectly less than a majority of the issued and outstanding voting Equity Interests in Glencore AG.

“Charter” means, with respect to either Vessel, any demise, time or consecutive voyage charter for a term which exceeds, or which by virtue of any optional extensions may exceed, twelve (12) months, in each case in form and substance acceptable to the Lender, and, for avoidance of doubt, the term “Charter” includes but is not limited to the Time Charters.

“Classification Society” means, with respect of either Vessel, Det Norske Veritas or such other first-class vessel classification society that is a member of IACS that is approved from time to time by the Lender (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld).

“Closing Date” means the date of the making of the Loan.

“Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated and the rulings issued thereunder.

“Collateral” means, collectively, the Pledged Shares, the Vessels, all Insurances, Earnings and Requisition Compensation of the Vessels, and all other collateral from time to time posted as security for the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender under the Loan Documents.

“Collateral Maintenance Ratio” means if at any time the Lender notifies the Borrowers that the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Vessels fall below 125% of the outstanding principal balance of the Loan.

“Compliance Certificate” means a certificate executed by an authorized person of the Borrowers in the form attached hereto as Appendix A.

“Default” means any event which with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.

“Default Rate” means 2% over the otherwise stated rate of interest.

“Dollars” and the sign “US$” mean lawful currency of the United States of America.

“Drawdown Date” means the date requested by the Borrowers for the Loan to be made, or (as the context require) the date on which the Loan is actually made.

“Drawdown Notice” means the notice in the form attached hereto as Appendix B (or in any other form approved in writing by the Lender).

“Earnings” means all earnings arising out of the use or operation of the Vessels, including, but not limited to, moneys and claims for monies due or to become due to or for the account of the Borrowers at any time during the term hereof arising out of and/or due and payable under any Charter, including, but not limited to, all charter hire, freights, subfreights, passage moneys, indemnities, payments or otherwise, including any compensation payable to either Borrower in the event of requisition of either Vessel for hire or title thereto, all remuneration for salvage and towage services, demurrage and detention moneys and damages for breach (or payments for variation or termination) of any Charter or other contract of employment of the Vessels and all sums receivable under the insurances in respect of loss of Earnings and

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includes, if and whenever either Vessel is employed on terms whereby any or all such moneys as aforesaid are pooled or shared with any other Person, the proportion of the net receipts of the relevant pooling or sharing arrangement which is attributable to such Vessel.

“Earnings Account” means, with respect to each Vessel, an account in the name of the Borrower owning that Vessel with the Account Bank designated as the Earnings Account for that Vessel, or any other account (with the Account Bank or with another bank or financial institution acceptable to the Lender) for the purpose of receiving all Earnings and other amounts payable under the relevant Time Charter.

“EBITDA” means, for any period, the sum of (a) Net Income for such period (excluding the effect of any extraordinary gains), plus (b) an amount which, in the determination of Net Income for such period, has been deducted for (i) Interest Expense for such period, and (ii) total federal, state and other income taxes for such period, and (iii) all depreciation and amortization for such period.

“Effective Date” means the date on which this Agreement is executed and delivered by the parties hereto.

“Environmental Claim” means (a) any claim by any governmental, judicial or regulatory authority which arises out of an Environmental Incident or an alleged Environmental Incident or which relates to any Environmental Law, or (b) any claim by any other Person which relates to an Environmental Incident or to any alleged Environmental Incident, and “claim” means a claim for damages, compensation, indemnification, contribution, fines, penalties or any other payment of any kind, whether or not similar to the foregoing, an order or direction to take, or not to take, certain action or to desist from or to suspend certain action, and any form of enforcement or regulatory action, including the arrest or attachment of any asset.

“Environmental Incident” means (a) any release of Environmental Sensitive Material from either Vessel, (b) any incident in which Environmentally Sensitive Material is released and which involves a collision between either Vessel and another vessel or object, or some other incident of navigation or operation, in any case, in connection with which such Vessel is actually or potentially liable to be arrested, attached, detained or injuncted and/or such Vessel and/or the relevant Borrower and/or any operator or manager of such Vessel is at fault or allegedly at fault or otherwise liable to any legal or administrative action, or (c) any other incident in which Environmentally Sensitive Material is released otherwise from either Vessel and, in connection therewith, such Vessel is actually or potentially liable to be arrested and/or where the relevant Borrower and/or any operator or manger of such Vessel is at fault or allegedly at fault or otherwise liable to any legal or administrative action.

“Environmental Law” means any law relating to pollution or to the protection of the environment, to the carriage of Environmentally Sensitive Material or to actual or threatened releases of Environmentally Sensitive Material.

“Environmental Permit” means any permit, approval, identification, number, license, or other authorization required under any Environmental Law.

“Environmentally Sensitive Material” means oil, oil products and any other substance (including any chemical, gas or other hazardous or noxious substance) which is (or is capable of being or becoming) polluting, toxic or hazardous.

“Equity Interests” of any Person means (a) any and all shares and other equity interests (including common stock, preferred stock, limited liability company interests and partnership interests) in

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such Person, and (b) all rights to purchase, warrants or options or convertible debt (whether or not currently exercisable), participations or equivalents of or interests in (however designated) such shares or other interests in such Person.

“ERISA” means the United States Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations promulgated and rulings issued thereunder.

“ERISA Affiliate” means a trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that, together with Pangaea or any subsidiary thereof, would be deemed to be a single employer under Section 414 of the Code.

“Event of Default” means any of the events or circumstances described in Section 8.01 of this Agreement.

“Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any successor act thereto, and (unless the context otherwise requires) includes the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder.

“Excluded Taxes” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(d) of this Agreement.

“Executive Order” means an executive order issued by the President of the United States of America.

“Fair Market Value” means, with respect to either Vessel, the market value of such Vessel at any date that is shown by the average of two (2) valuations each prepared and addressed to the Lender:

(a)    as to a date not more than fourteen (14) days prior to the date such valuation is delivered to the Lender;

(b)    by Approved Brokers selected by the Lender provided that, if requested by the Borrowers, one of which may be selected by the Borrowers;

(c)    with or without physical inspection of such Vessel as the Lender may require;

(d)    on the basis of a sale for prompt delivery for cash on normal arm’s length commercial terms between a willing seller and a willing buyer, free of any existing charter or other contract of employment (and with no value given to any pooling arrangements); and

(e)    after deducting the estimated amount of the usual and reasonable expenses which would be included in connection with the sale.

provided that (i) if a range of market values is provided in a particular appraisal, then the market value in such appraisal shall be deemed to be the mid-point within such range, and (ii) if a third appraisal is obtained as provided in Section 7.01(ee), the market value of such Vessel shall be the average of the three appraisals obtained.

“Fiscal Year” means, with respect to any Person, each period of one (1) year commencing on January 1 of each year and ending on December 31 of such year in respect of which its accounts are or ought to be prepared.

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“Foreign Pension Plan” means any plan, fund (including, without limitation, any superannuation fund) or similar program established or maintained outside the United States by Pangaea primarily for the benefit of its or their employees residing outside the United States of America, which plan, fund or other similar program provides, or results in, retirement income, a deferral of income in contemplation of retirement or payments to be made upon termination of employment, and which plan, fund or program is not subject to ERISA or the Code.

“Funded Debt” means, with respect to any Person, at the date of determination (without duplication):

(a)    all obligations of such Person for principal, interest or any other sum payable in respect of borrowed money;

(b)    all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments;

(c)    all obligations of such Person in respect of any acceptance credit, guarantee or letter of credit facility or equivalent made available to such Person (including all reimbursement obligations with respect thereto);

(d)    all obligations (other than trade payables) of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, which purchase price is due more than six (6) months after the date of placing such property in service or taking delivery thereof or the completion of such services;

(e)    all rental obligations under any lease of property (whether real, personal or mixed) of which the discounted present value of such rental obligations of such Person, as lessee, in conformity which GAAP, is required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of such Person;

(f)    all Funded Debt of other Persons secured by a security interest in any asset of such Person, whether or not such Funded Debt is actually assumed by such Person, providedthat the amount of such Funded Debt shall be the lesser of (i) the fair market value of such asset at such date of determination, and (ii) the amount of such Funded Debt;

(g)    all Funded Debt of others (other than such Person) under any guarantee, indemnity or similar obligation; and

(h)    all obligations of such Person under any foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect a Person or any of its subsidiaries against fluctuations in currency values to or under which such Person or any of its subsidiaries is a party or a beneficiary on the date of this Agreement or becomes a party or a beneficiary thereafter.

The amount of the Funded Debt of such Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance at such date of all unconditional obligations as described above and, with respect to contingent obligations, the maximum liability upon the occurrence of the contingency giving rise to the obligations, as determined in conformity with GAAP; providedthat (i) the amount outstanding at any time of any Funded Debt issued with an original issue discount is the face amount of such Funded Debt less the remaining unamortized portion of such original issue discount of such Funded Debt at such time determined in conformity with GAAP, and (ii) Funded Debt shall not include any liability for taxes.

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“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, including, without limitation, those set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Account Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and with respect to the Time Charterer, Danish GAAP.

“Glencore AG” means Glencore International AG, a Swiss corporation.

“Glencore Guarantee” means that certain Guarantee, dated as of the date hereof, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E-1, pursuant to which Glencore Plc shall absolutely, irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee up to 33⅓% of the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender under the Loan Documents, as the same may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

“Glencore Plc” means Glencore Plc, a Jersey corporation.

“governmental authority” means any nation or government, any state or other political subdivision thereof and any entity, now existing or hereafter created, having jurisdiction over the Borrower or its property or any part thereof, exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to government.

“Guarantee” or “guarantee” of or by any Person (the “guarantor”) means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of the guarantor guaranteeing or having the economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other obligation of any other Person (the ''primary obligor") in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including any obligation of the guarantor, direct or indirect, (a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other obligation or to purchase (or to advance or supply funds for the purchase of) any security for the payment thereof, (b) to purchase or lease property, securities or services for the purpose of assuring the owner of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment thereof, (c) to maintain working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or liquidity of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such Indebtedness or other obligation or (d) as an account party in respect of any letter of credit or letter of guaranty issued to support such Indebtedness or obligation; providedthat the term “Guarantee” or “guarantee” shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business.

“Guarantors” means collectively, Glencore Plc, Pangaea, Nordic Bulk Holding, Bulk Fleet and Bulk Partners, together with their respective successors and assigns, and “Guarantor” means any one of them.

“Guaranty” means that certain Guaranty, dated as of the date hereof, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E-2, pursuant to which Nordic Bulk Holding, Pangaea, Bulk Fleet and Bulk Partners shall absolutely, irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender under the Loan Documents, as the same may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

“IACS” means the International Association of Classification Societies.

“Insurances” means all policies and contracts of insurance (whether issued in the commercial market or by the United States), including all entries of the Vessels in a protection and indemnity or war risks association or club, which are from time to time taken out or entered into in respect of the Vessels and all renewals of and replacements for the same, including all monies due and to become due under said policies of insurances with respect to an actual, constructive, agreed, arranged or

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compromised total loss or any other loss or damage to either Vessel and all returns of premiums, and all other rights and benefits with respect thereto.

“Interest Expense” means, for any period, total interest expense (including the interest component of any capitalized leases) of such person, determined in accordance with GAAP.

“IRS” means the United States Internal Revenue Service.

“ISM Code” means, in relation to its application, if applicable, to the Borrowers, the Vessels and their operations, the International Safety Management Code (including the guidelines on its implementation) adopted by the International Maritime Organization (“IMO”) as Resolution A.741(18) and Resolution A.913(22) (superseding Resolution A.788(19)), as the same may be amended, supplemented or replaced from time to time (and the terms “safety management system”, “Safety Management Certificate” and “Document of Compliance” have the meanings specified in the ISM Code).

“ISM Code Documentation” includes, with respect to each Vessel:

(a)    the Document of Compliance and Safety Management Certificate issued pursuant to the ISM Code in relation to such Vessel;

(b)    all other documents and data which are relevant to the safety management system and its implementation and verification which the Lender may reasonably require; and

(c)    any other documents which are prepared or which are otherwise relevant to establish and maintain such Vessel’s compliance or the compliance of the relevant Borrower or Approved Manager with the ISM Code which the Lender may reasonably require.

“ISPS Code” means, in relation to its application, if applicable, to the Borrowers, the Vessels and their operation, the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code constituted pursuant to resolution A.924(22) of the IMO adopted by a Diplomatic Conference of the IMO on Maritime Security on 13 December 2002 and now set out in Chapter XI-2 of the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS) 1974 (as amended).

“ISPS Code Documentation” includes (a) a valid and current International Ship Security Certificate issued under the ISPS Code, and (b) all other documents and data relevant to the ISPS Code and its implementation and verification which the Lender may reasonably require.

“Lender” means Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its successors, transferees and assigns.

“Loan” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.01 of this Agreement.

“Loan Documents” mean, collectively, this Agreement, the Note, the Glencore Guarantee, the Guaranty, the Stock Pledge Agreement, the Mortgages, the Assignments of Insurances, the Assignments of Earnings, the Assignments of Time Charters and Time Charter Guarantees, and all other documents now or hereafter executed and delivered, to evidence, secure, or guarantee, or in connection with, the Loan.

“Major Casualty” means, with respect to either Vessel, a casualty to such Vessel in respect of which the claim or the aggregate of the claims against all insurers, before adjusted for any deductible, exceeds $900,000 or the equivalent in any other currency.

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“Margin Stock” has the meaning specified in Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve System and any successor regulations thereto, as in effect from time to time.

“Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse effect upon (a) the business, operations, properties, assets or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Borrowers taken as a whole; (b) the ability of the Borrowers to perform, or of the Lender to enforce, any of the Borrowers’ Obligations under the Loan Documents; or (c) the ability of the Lender to protect, maintain or realize any rights, remedy or interests granted under the Loan Documents in or with respect to the Collateral or any other security pledged to secure the Borrowers’ Obligations hereunder, the absence of which ability could reasonably be expected to diminish materially the value to the Lender of its rights, remedies and interests in and with respect to the Collateral taken as a whole or any other security pledged to secure the Borrowers’ Obligations under the Loan Documents.

“Mortgage” means, with respect to each Vessel, the First Preferred Mortgage, dated as of the date hereof, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F, to be given by the relevant Borrower in favor of the Lender, its successors and assigns, over the Marshall Island flag vessel owned by it.

“Multiemployer Plan” means, at any time, a “multiemployer plan” as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA to which Pangaea or any subsidiary of it or any ERISA Affiliate has any liability or obligation to contribute or has within any of the six (6) preceding plan years had any liability or obligation to contribute.

“Net Income” means, for any period, the net income (or loss) after taxes for such period of such person, determined in accordance with GAAP.

“Net Worth” means, for any period, the difference between (1) stockholders equity calculated in accordance with GAAP less (b) intangible asset as defined under GAAP.

“Nordic Bulk Holding” means Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd., a Bermuda company.

“NORDIC ODYSSEY” means the 2010-built motor vessel of 40,142 gross registered tons and 25,265 net registered tons named “NORDIC ODYSSEY”, IMO No. 9529451, and registered in the name of Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp. under Marshall Islands flag.

“NORDIC ORION” means the 2011-built motor vessel of 40,142 gross registered tons and 25,265 net registered tons named “NORDIC ORION”, IMO No. 9529463, and registered in the name of Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. under Marshall Islands flag.

“Note” means the US$18,000,000 Senior Secured Term Note, dated the date hereof, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit G, evidencing the Loan made by the Lender to the Borrowers as of the date hereof.

“Obligation” means, with respect to any Person, any obligation of such Person of any kind, including, without limitation, any obligation to make any payment for any reason, whether or not such obligation is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured or unsecured, and whether or not such obligation is discharged, stayed or otherwise affected by any proceeding referred to in Section 8.01(g) or Section 8.01(h). For purposes hereof, the Borrowers’ Obligations under the Loan Documents include, without limitation, the timely payment of (i) all principal, interest, late charges, certain other fees and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses), disbursements, indemnities and any other amounts payable by the Borrowers

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to the Lender under or pursuant to the Loan Documents; and (ii) any amount which the Lender, in its sole discretion, may elect to pay or advance on the Borrowers’ behalf pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents.

“Obligors” means, collectively, jointly and severally, the Borrowers and the Guarantors.

“Operating Leverage Ratio” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(v) of this Agreement.

“Pangaea” means Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd., a Bermuda company.

“PATRIOT ACT” means the United States Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (H.R. 3199).

“Permitted Liens” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(z) of this Agreement.

“Person” means a natural person, partnership, corporation (including a business trust), joint stock company, trust, unincorporated association, joint venture or other entity, or a government or any political subdivision or agency thereof, or any other entity, whether acting in an individual, fiduciary or other capacity.

“PGBC” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, and its successors and assigns.

“Plan” means any employee benefit plan (other than a Multiemployer Plan) subject to the provisions of Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, and in respect of which Pangaea or any subsidiary thereof or ERISA Affiliate is (or, if such plan were terminated, would under Section 4069 of ERISA be deemed to be) an “employer” as defined in Section 3(5) of ERISA.

“Pledged Shares” means the shares of stock owned by Nordic Bulk Holding in each of the Borrowers.

“Prepayment Fee” means (a) at any time after the first anniversary of the date of making the Loan, and on or prior to the second anniversary thereof, 3% of the principal amount being prepaid, (b) at any time after the second anniversary thereof but on or prior to the third anniversary thereof, 2% of the amount being prepaid, (c) any time after the third anniversary thereof but on or prior to the fourth anniversary thereof, 1% of the principal amount being prepaid, (d) at any time after the fourth anniversary thereof but on or prior to the fifth anniversary thereof, .50% of the principal amount being prepaid, and (e) at any time thereof, no prepayment fee shall be due.

“Prohibited Person” means any person (whether designated by name or by reason of being included in a class of persons) against whom Sanctions are directed.

“Protection and Indemnity Risks” means the usual risks covered by a protection and indemnity association or club including the portion not recoverable in case of collision under the ordinary running-down clause.

“Requisition Compensation” means all moneys or other compensation payable by reason of requisition for title or other compulsory acquisition of either Vessel during term hereof other than by requisition for hire.

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“Sanctions” means any sanctions, embargoes, freezing provisions, prohibitions or other restrictions relating to trading, doing business, investment, exporting, importing, insuring, financing or making assets available (or other activities similar to or connected with any of the foregoing) imposed by law, regulation or Executive Order of the United States of America or the European Union, as the case may be; providedthat such laws, regulations and Executive Orders shall be applicable only to the extent such laws and regulations are not inconsistent with the laws and regulations of the United States of America.

“Solvent” means, with respect to any Person on a particular date, that on such date (a) the fair value of the property of such Person is greater than the total amount of liabilities, including subordinated and contingent liabilities, of such Person; (b) the present fair saleable value of the assets of such Person is not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of such Person on its debts and liabilities, including subordinated and contingent liabilities as they become absolute and matured; (c) such Person does not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or liabilities beyond such Person’s ability to pay as such debts and liabilities mature; and (d) such Person is not engaged in a business or transaction, and is not about to engage in a business or transaction, for which such Person’s property would constitute an unreasonably small capital. The amount of contingent liabilities (such as litigation, guaranties and pension plan liabilities) at any time shall be computed as the amount that, in light of all the facts and circumstances existing at the time, represents the amount that would reasonably be expected to become an actual or matured liability.

“ST Shipping”: means ST Shipping & Transport Pte. Ltd. (Company Registration No. 200606717H), a company incorporated under the laws of Singapore.

“Stock Pledge Agreement” means the Stock Pledge Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit H, pursuant to which Nordic Bulk Holding shall pledge, and shall grant the Lender a continuing, first priority security interest in, all of its stockholdings in the respective Borrowers as additional security for the Borrowers’ Obligations.

“Structuring Fee” means the fee payable by the Borrowers to the Lender on the Closing Date equal to 1% of the principal amount of the Loan.

“subsidiary” of any Person means any corporation of which more than 50% of the issued and outstanding capital stock having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the Board of Directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether at the time capital stock of any other class or classes of such corporation shall or might have voting power upon the occurrence of any contingency) is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such Person, by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries or by one or more of such Person’s Subsidiaries.

“Tangible Net Worth” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(v) of this Agreement.

“Time Charter” means, with respect to each Vessel, a time charter party in form acceptable to the Lender, between the relevant Borrower that owns said Vessel, as owner, and Nordic Bulk Carriers A/S, as time charterer (the terms of which shall include, among other things, a charter period of seven (7) years, a daily charter hire rate of not less than US$9,367 (net) and all operating and drydocking expenses of such Vessel for the account of the relevant Borrower).

“Time Charter Guaranty” means, with respect to each Vessel, the time charter party performance guarantee, dated as of December 23, 2020, executed by the Time Charter Guarantor in favor of the Borrowers that owns that Vessel.

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“Time Charter Guarantor” means Pangaea.

“Total Loss” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 7.01(y) of this Agreement.

“UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York, or, where applicable as to any other specific Collateral, any other relevant state.

“Vessels” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.

“Voting Stock” of any Person as of any date means the Equity Interests of such Person that at the time are entitled to vote in the election of the board of directors or similar governing body of such Person.

“War Risks” the risk of mines and all risks excluded by the free of capture and seizure clause from the standard form of United States, Norwegian or English marine policy, including coverage for confiscation, nationalization, terrorism, sabotage, and civil unrest.

SECTION ii..Construction of Certain Terms. In this Agreement:

“ . In this Agreement:

“approval” means and includes authorization, consent, approval, license, exemption, filing, registration, notarization and legalization;

“approved” means approved in writing by the Lender;

“asset” means and includes every kind of property, asset, interest or right, including any present, future or contingent right to any revenues or other payments;

“contingent liability” means a liability which is not certain to arise and/or the amount of which remains unascertained;

“excess risks” means, with respect to each Vessel, the proportion (if any) of claims of general average, salvage and salvage charges not recoverable under the hull and machinery insurances in respect of that Vessel in consequence of the value at which such Vessel is assessed for purposes of such claims exceeding its insured value;

“excess war risk P&I cover” means, with respect to each Vessel, cover for claims only in excess of amounts recoverable under the usual war risk cover including, but not limited to, hull and machinery, crew and protection and indemnity risks;

“expense” means any kind of cost, charge or expense (including all legal costs, charges and expenses) and any applicable value added or other tax;

“liability” includes every kind of debt or liability (present or future, certain or contingent) whether incurred as principal or surety or otherwise;

“policy”, with respect to any Insurance, includes a ship, cover note, certificate of entry or other document evidencing the contract of insurance or its terms;

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“protection and indemnity risks” means the usual risks covered by a protection and indemnity association that is a member of The International Group of P&I Clubs, including pollution risks and the proportion (if any) of any sums payable to any other Person or Persons in case of collision which are not recoverable under the hull and machinery policies by reason of the incorporation of them of clause 6 of the International Time Clauses (Hulls) (1/11/02 or 1/11/03) or clause 8 of the Institute of Time Clauses (Hulls) or the Institute Amended Running Down Clause (1/10/71) or any equivalent provision; and

“regulation” means and includes any regulation, risk, official directive, request or guideline (either having the force of law or compliance with which is reasonable in the ordinary course of business of the party concerned) of any governmental authority, intergovernmental body, agency, department or regulatory, self-regulatory or other authority or organization.

SECTION iii..General Interpretation. In this Agreement:

“ . In this Agreement:

(a)references to, or to a provision of, a Loan Document or any other document are references to it as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time;

(b)references to, or to a provision of, any law or regulation includes any amendment, extension, re-enactment or replacement thereof; and

(c)words denoting the singular number shall include the plural and vice versa.

a.Computation of Time Periods. For purposes of this Agreement, in computing periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from and including” and each of the words “to” and “until” means “to but excluding”.

“ . For purposes of this Agreement, in computing periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from and including” and each of the words “to” and “until” means “to but excluding”.

b.Accounting Terms. All accounting terms not specifically defined herein shall have the meanings generally attributed to such terms under GAAP, as in effect from time to time, consistently applied. Unless otherwise defined or specified herein, all accounting terms shall be construed herein, all accounting determinations hereunder shall be made, and all financial statements required to be delivered hereunder shall be delivered, in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis.

“ . All accounting terms not specifically defined herein shall have the meanings generally attributed to such terms under GAAP, as in effect from time to time, consistently applied. Unless otherwise defined or specified herein, all accounting terms shall be construed herein, all accounting determinations hereunder shall be made, and all financial statements required to be delivered hereunder shall be delivered, in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis.

c.Inconsistency Between this Agreement and Other Loan Documents. The other Loan Documents shall be read together with this Agreement, but in case of any conflict between this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, the provisions of this Agreement shall prevail.

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“ . The other Loan Documents shall be read together with this Agreement, but in case of any conflict between this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, the provisions of this Agreement shall prevail.

ARTICLE II.

THE LOAN

“

d.The Loan. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and in reliance upon the representations and warranties set forth herein, the Lender hereby agrees to make available to the Borrowers a senior secured term loan in the original principal amount of up to Eighteen Million United States Dollars (US$18,000,000) (in no event to exceed 70% of the Fair Market Value of the Vessels) (the “Loan”), for the purposes set forth herein and for no other purposes.

“ . Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and in reliance upon the representations and warranties set forth herein, the Lender hereby agrees to make available to the Borrowers a senior secured term loan in the original principal amount of up to Eighteen Million United States Dollars (US$18,000,000) (in no event to exceed 70% of the Fair Market Value of the Vessels) (the “Loan”), for the purposes set forth herein and for no other purposes.

e.Drawdown Procedure.

The Borrowers may request the Lender to advance the proceeds of the Loan by delivering to the Lender a duly completed Drawdown Notice, which Drawdown Notice once issued shall be irrevocable and shall be received by the Lender not later than 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) two (2) Business Day prior to the requested Loan. The Lender’s obligation to make the proceeds of the Loan available to the Borrowers hereunder shall expire on December 31, 2020; provided, however, that such obligation shall terminate automatically upon the occurrence of a Default or an Event of Default, or upon the occurrence of an event which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

f.Advance of Loan Proceeds.

Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Lender shall make the proceeds of the Loan available to the Borrowers on the Drawdown Date by paying the proceeds thereof to the Borrowers or such other parties in payment of such sums which the Borrowers and the Lender agree are due to such parties as costs associated with the acquisition and/or financing of the Vessels. The Borrowers hereby unconditionally and irrevocably authorizes the Lender to make the payments specified in such Drawdown Notice.

g.The Note. The Borrowers’ obligation to repay the Loan with interest shall be evidenced by the Note and be in the original principal amount of US$18,000,000. The Lender shall record and, prior to any transfer of the Note, endorse on any schedules forming a part thereof appropriate notations setting forth the date and the amount of each payment (including any prepayment) made by the Borrowers with respect thereto. The Lender is hereby irrevocably authorized by the Borrowers to endorse the Note accordingly and to attach and to make a part of the Note such schedules as and when required.

“ . The Borrowers’ obligation to repay the Loan with interest shall be evidenced by the Note and be in the original principal amount of US$18,000,000. The Lender shall record and, prior to any transfer of the Note, endorse on any schedules forming a part thereof appropriate notations setting forth the date and the

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amount of each payment (including any prepayment) made by the Borrowers with respect thereto. The Lender is hereby irrevocably authorized by the Borrowers to endorse the Note accordingly and to attach and to make a part of the Note such schedules as and when required.

h.Repayment of Principal and Interest.

“ .

(a)Principal. The Borrowers shall repay the principal amount of the Loan over a period of seven (7) years in twenty-eight (28) consecutive quarterly installments of principal plus interest, commencing on March 23, 2021 and continuing on the same day of each calendar quarter thereafter until the Loan has been indefeasibly repaid in full. The first twenty-seven (27) such principal and interest installments shall each be in the amount of US$571,821.61 followed by a final principal and interest installment, due on December 23, 2027, in an amount equal to the then unpaid principal balance of the Loan. Unless sooner paid, all sums due under the Loan, together with interest then due thereon, shall be due and payable in full on December 23, 2027.

(b)Interest. Except for any period during which an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing hereunder (and irrespective of whether or not the maturity of the Loan has been accelerated pursuant hereto), the Borrowers shall pay interest on the unpaid principal balance of the Loan from the date hereof until the Loan has been indefeasibly repaid in full, at a per annum rate of interest equal to 2.95%. Interest accrued on the Loan from the date hereof through and including December 23, 2027 shall be due and payable on each date on which a principal installment is due and at maturity.

Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents (after giving effect to any applicable grace or cure periods), the unpaid principal balance of the Loan shall thereafter bear interest at the Default Rate.

ARTICLE III.

PAYMENT PROVISIONS

“

i.Payments and Computations

(a)Making of Payments. The Borrowers shall make all payments of principal of, and interest on, the Note in Dollars, in immediately available funds, not later than 11:00 a.m. New York time on the day when due, to be applied by the Lender in accordance with the terms of the Note.

(b)Application of Certain Payments. Each payment of principal shall be applied in the manner provided in the Note or in the absence of such direction, as the Lender, in its sole discretion, shall determine.

(c)Computations. All computations of interest shall be made by the Lender on the basis of a 360-day year/30-day month, for the actual number of days elapsed.

(d)Payment Net of Taxes. (i) All payments made by the Borrowers to the Lender under this Agreement and the Note shall be made without any setoff, deduction or counterclaim of any kind. All payments made to the Lender hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without withholding or

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deduction for or on account of any taxes (except to the extent that such withholding or deduction is compelled by law), excluding any taxes assessed on or measured by the net income of the Lender imposed by any jurisdiction (any such excluded taxes, the “Excluded Taxes”). If the Borrowers are compelled by law to make any such deduction or withholding, they will:

(A)    pay to the relevant authorities the full amount required to be withheld or deducted;

(B)    except in the case of Excluded Taxes, pay such additional amounts to the Lender as may be required for the Lender to receive, after such deduction or withholding (including any required deduction or withholding on such additional amounts), the amount it would have received had no such deduction or withholding been made; and

(C)    promptly forward to the Lender an official receipt or other documentation satisfactory to the Lender evidencing such payment to such authorities.

If any taxes (other than Excluded Taxes) are directly assessed against the Lender, the Lender shall promptly notify the Borrowers of such assessment. Unless the Borrowers promptly provide evidence satisfactory to the Lender that such taxes have been paid, the Lender may pay such taxes. Thereafter, the Borrowers shall pay such additional amount (including, without limitation, any penalties, interest or expenses, but excluding any such items resulting from (A) the failure of the Lender promptly to notify the Borrowers of the assessment of such taxes against the Lender, or (B) the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Lender) as may be necessary for the Lender to receive, after the payment of such taxes (including any taxes on such additional amount), the amount the Lender would have received had no such taxes been assessed. The Borrowers’ Obligations arising from this Section 3.01 shall survive repayment of the Loan, cancellation of the Note and the termination of this Agreement.

Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Agreement to the contrary, in the event that the Lender should assign all or any portion of the Loan or of its rights under this Agreement to another Person, the Borrowers’ Obligations under this Section 3.01 shall not be greater than what its obligations would have been if the Lender had retained a 100% interest in the Loan and in this Agreement.

(e)Late Charges. If the Borrowers fail to make any payment of principal, interest, prepayments, fees or any other amounts becoming due pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement or the Note, within fifteen (15) days after the date due and payable, the Borrowers shall pay to the Lender a late charge equal to five percent (5%) of the amount of such payment. Such fifteen (15) day period shall not be construed in any way to extend the due date of any such payment. Late charges are imposed for the purpose of defraying the Lender’s expenses incident to the handling of delinquent payments, and are in addition to, and not in lieu of, the exercise by the Lender of any rights and remedies hereunder or under applicable laws and any fees and expenses of any agents or attorneys which the Lender may employ upon the occurrence of an Event of Default.

j.Liens; Setoff. As additional security for the Borrowers’ Obligations under the Loan Documents, the Borrowers hereby grant the Lender a continuing, first priority security interest in and lien on: (i) all monies, securities, and other property now or hereafter owed by Lender to the Borrowers and/or now or hereafter held or received by, or in transit to, the Lender, (ii) any and all deposits (general or special) and credits of the Borrowers on deposit with the Lender or any of its Affiliates and at any time existing (excluding, however, any deposits held by the Borrowers in their capacity as trustees), and (iii) all proceeds thereof. Following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Lender is hereby

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authorized by the Borrowers at any time and from time to time, without notice to the Borrowers, to setoff and apply any or all items set forth in this Section 3.02 against any of the Borrowers’ Obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents.

“ As additional security for the Borrowers’ Obligations under the Loan Documents, the Borrowers hereby grant the Lender a continuing, first priority security interest in and lien on: (i) all monies, securities, and other property now or hereafter owed by Lender to the Borrowers and/or now or hereafter held or received by, or in transit to, the Lender, (ii) any and all deposits (general or special) and credits of the Borrowers on deposit with the Lender or any of its Affiliates and at any time existing (excluding, however, any deposits held by the Borrowers in their capacity as trustees), and (iii) all proceeds thereof. Following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Lender is hereby authorized by the Borrowers at any time and from time to time, without notice to the Borrowers, to setoff and apply any or all items set forth in this Section 3.02 against any of the Borrowers’ Obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents.

k.Prepayment.

(a)Optional Prepayments. Subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, upon not less than thirty (30) days prior written notice, the Borrowers may prepay the Note, in whole but not in part, on any installment payment date occurring after December 23, 2021. On any such date, the Borrowers shall pay to the Lender, in addition to the principal amount being prepaid, all accrued but unpaid interest then due thereon, the Prepayment Fee, if any, and all other sums then due hereunder.

(b)Mandatory Prepayments. If, at any time prior to repayment in full of the Loan,

    (i)    either Vessel is sold, the Borrowers shall pay to the Lender, upon the date such Vessel is sold, an amount equal to the outstanding principal balance of the Loan multiplied by the Allocated Percentage Value of such Vessel, plus all accrued interest then due thereon, the Prepayment Fee, if any, and all other sums then due hereunder; or

    (ii)    either Vessel sustains a Total Loss, the Borrowers shall pay to the Lender, within one hundred twenty (120) days after the date of such loss (in no event to extend beyond the maturity date of the Loan), an amount equal to the outstanding principal balance of the Loan multiplied by the Allocated Percentage Value of such Vessel, plus all accrued but unpaid interest due thereon, the Prepayment Fee, if any, and all other sums then due hereunder.

ARTICLE IV.

SECURITY

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“

l.Grant of Security Interest. As security for the prompt payment and performance of the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender hereunder, under the Note and the other Loan Documents, the Borrowers shall execute and deliver to the Lender:

“ . As security for the prompt payment and performance of the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender hereunder, under the Note and the other Loan Documents, the Borrowers shall execute and deliver to the Lender:

(a)a Mortgage over the whole of each Vessel, together with all of their boilers, engines, machinery, masts, rigging, boats, anchors, chains, cables, tackle, apparel, spare gear, fuel, ropes, fittings, tools, consumable and other stores, equipment and all other appurtenances thereto appertaining or belonging and appropriated to the exclusive use of such Vessels, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, whether on board or not, and all additions, improvements and replacements hereafter made in or to the Vessels, or any part thereof, or in or to the stores, equipment and appurtenances aforesaid (except such equipment and stores which, when placed aboard the Vessels, do not become the property of the Borrowers and leased equipment not belonging to the Borrowers); and

(b)an Assignment of Earnings, Assignment of Insurances and an Assignment of Time Charter and Time Charter Guarantee with respect to each Vessel.

In addition, the Borrowers shall cause Nordic Bulk Holding to execute and deliver to the Lender the Stock Pledge Agreement, pursuant to which Nordic Bulk Holding shall pledge to the Lender 100% of the Equity Interests held by it in each Borrower.

m.Release of Collateral. Upon payment in full of all sums due under the Note and satisfaction of all of the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, the Lender shall, at the Borrowers’ sole cost and expense, discharge the Mortgages of record and terminate its security interests in all other Collateral.

“ . Upon payment in full of all sums due under the Note and satisfaction of all of the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, the Lender shall, at the Borrowers’ sole cost and expense, discharge the Mortgages of record and terminate its security interests in all other Collateral.

n.Exercise of Powers of Attorney. The Lender shall not exercise any rights or powers pursuant to any power of attorney granted to the Lender pursuant to the Mortgages or the other Loan Documents until the occurrence, and then only during the continuance, of an Event of Default.

“ . The Lender shall not exercise any rights or powers pursuant to any power of attorney granted to the Lender pursuant to the Mortgages or the other Loan Documents until the occurrence, and then only during the continuance, of an Event of Default.

ARTICLE V.

CONDITIONS OF BORROWING

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“

o.Conditions Precedent to the Funding of the Loan. The Lender’s obligation to proceed forward with this transaction and to fund the Loan is subject to the Lender’s satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:

“ . The Lender’s obligation to proceed forward with this transaction and to fund the Loan is subject to the Lender’s satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:

(a)no action, suit, investigation, litigation or proceeding to which either Borrower is a party shall be pending or threatened before any court, governmental authority or arbitrator which, if adversely determined, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or that purports to affect the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement, the Note, any of the other Loan Documents or the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby;

(b)the Borrowers shall have executed and delivered, or cause to be executed and delivered, to the Lender, each of the following documents:

(i)    the Drawdown Notice, properly addressed to the Lender, requesting the Lender to fund the Loan and specifying the date on such Loan is to be funded and how the proceeds thereof are to be disbursed;

(ii)the Note;

(iii)the Glencore Guarantee and the Guaranty;

(iv)the Mortgages, together with a duly executed copy of the Memorandum of Particulars related to each Vessel;

(v)the UCC-1 Financing Statements, naming each Borrower, as debtor, and the Lender, as secured party;

(vi)an Assignment of Earnings with respect to each Vessel;

(vii)an Assignment of Insurances with respect to each Vessel;

(viii)certified true copies of each Time Charter and Time Charter Guaranty with respect to each Vessel;

(ix)an Assignment of Time Charter and Time Charter Guaranty with respect to each Vessel;

(x)the Stock Pledge Agreement, duly executed by Nordic Bulk Holding, along with delivery of the Pledged Shares and stock powers duly endorsed in blank;

(xi)a copy of the Provisional Certificate of Registry for each Vessel;

(xii)a copy of the Temporary Radio Station License for each Vessel;

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(xiii)copies of the other documents issued by the Marshall Island Registry with respect to the registration of each Vessel;

(xiv)a Certificate of Ownership and Encumbrances evidencing the recording of the respective Mortgages and showing each Vessel to be free and clear of all recorded liens and encumbrances other than the Mortgage and certain Permitted Liens;

(xv)copies of the cover notes, letters of undertaking and certificates of entry evidencing the insurances covering each Vessel;

(xvi)written advice from the Borrowers’ insurance brokers of the insurances currently in place with respect to each Vessel and of the amount of coverage provided;

(xvii)an agreement by the Borrowers’ insurance brokers, in form and substance satisfactory to the Lender, which states that the insurances of the Vessels and the claims thereunder will not be affected by non-payment of premiums on any other insurances;

(xviii)a copy of the current Confirmation of Class for each Vessel; and

(xix)copies of the Appraisals, showing the Vessels as having an aggregate Fair Market Value in excess of US$25,700,000;

(c)the Borrowers shall have paid in full all fees and expenses (including the Structuring Fee and the fees and expenses due to the Lender’s counsel) due by them in connection with this transaction;

(d)no law, regulation or ruling (including, without limitation, any Sanctions laws and regulations applicable to the Lender) shall prevent the Lender from entering into the transactions contemplated hereby or shall affect the ability of the Borrowers to perform any of their obligations hereunder or under each of the other Loan Documents to which they are parties;

(e)no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and

(f)the Lender shall have received an opinion from counsel to the Borrowers and Guarantors, in form and substance acceptable to it, covering, among other things, such parties’ status and in good standing under the laws of jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation, the Borrowers’ eligibility to operate the Vessels operated by them under Marshall Islands flag, the parties’ due authorization, execution and delivery of each of the Loan Documents to which they are parties, the enforceability of such Loan Documents and the perfection of all liens and security interests granted by the Borrowers and others to the Lender hereunder and thereunder.

p.Conditions Subsequent. Within thirty (30) days after the date of this Agreement, the Borrowers shall cause Nordic Bulk Holding to deliver to the Lender (a) evidence that Stock Pledge Agreement and the charge over the Pledged Shares has been duly registered with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda, and (b) an opinion of the Borrowers’ Bermuda counsel confirming the placing of such charge and the enforceability thereof against Nordic Bulk Holding. In addition, as soon as practical, the Borrowers shall deliver to the Lender a copy, signed by the master of each Vessel, to the effect that a copy of the recorded Mortgage against said Vessel, together with the Notice of Mortgage referenced therein, has been placed in the master’s cabin aboard such Vessel. Finally, within fourteen (14) days after the date of this Agreement, the Borrowers shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Lender, an updated certificate of

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class issued by the Classification Society confirming that all required surveys have been satisfactorily completed and that the NORDIC ODYSSEY is now considered fit to proceed to sea. Failure to provide the Lender with such certificate within the time specified shall constitute an Event of Default hereunder.

“ . Within thirty (30) days after the date of this Agreement, the Borrowers shall cause Nordic Bulk Holding to deliver to the Lender (a) evidence that Stock Pledge Agreement and the charge over the Pledged Shares has been duly registered with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda, and (b) an opinion of the Borrowers’ Bermuda counsel confirming the placing of such charge and the enforceability thereof against Nordic Bulk Holding. In addition, as soon as practical, the Borrowers shall deliver to the Lender a copy, signed by the master of each Vessel, to the effect that a copy of the recorded Mortgage against said Vessel, together with the Notice of Mortgage referenced therein, has been placed in the master’s cabin aboard such Vessel. Finally, within fourteen (14) days after the date of this Agreement, the Borrowers shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Lender, an updated certificate of class issued by the Classification Society confirming that all required surveys have been satisfactorily completed and that the NORDIC ODYSSEY is now considered fit to proceed to sea. Failure to provide the Lender with such certificate within the time specified shall constitute an Event of Default hereunder.

ARTICLE VI.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BORROWERS

“ OF BORROWERS

q.Representations and Warranties. Each Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Lender that as of the date hereof:

“ . Each Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Lender that as of the date hereof:

(a)Organization and Status. It is a company duly incorporated or formed and validly existing and in good standing under the laws of The Republic of the Marshall Islands and is duly qualified and authorized to transact business as a foreign company in good standing whenever necessary to carry on its present business and operations, except where, in each case, the failure to be so qualified or be so licensed or be in good standing could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There are no proceedings or actions pending or contemplated by either Borrower, or to the knowledge of either Borrower contemplated by any third party, seeking to adjudicate either Borrower a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking liquidation, winding up, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, protection, relief or composition of it or its debts under any law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization or relief of debtors, or seeking the entry of an order for relief or for the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian or other similar official for it or for any substantial portion of its property or assets.

(b)Company Power and Consent. It has the full power and authority to enter into, execute and deliver, and to perform its obligations under, this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents to which it is a party and has the requisite power and authority to own, operate and mortgage the Vessel owned by it. It has taken all action, and no consent of any Person is required, for: (i) it to own or lease or operate its properties and to carry on its business as now conducted or as proposed to be conducted, (ii) it to execute each of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, including, but not limited to, the Time Charter to which it is a party, (iii) it to comply with its obligations under each such Loan Documents, (iv) it to grant the security interests granted by it pursuant to each of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, (iv) the perfection or maintenance of the security interests created by the Loan Documents, and (vi) the

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exercise by the Lender of its rights under the various Loan Documents or the remedies in respect of the Collateral granted pursuant to the Loan Documents, except, in each case, for consents which have been duly obtained, taken, given or made and are in full force and effect.

Authorization. It has duly authorized by all requisite action the execution, delivery and performance of each of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, and the execution, delivery and performance by it of such Loan Documents will not violate any provision of law, any order of any court or other agency of government, its organizational documents, or any indenture, agreement or other instrument to which it is a party, or by which it or any of its property or assets is bound, or be in conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute (with due notice or lapse of time, or both) a default under any such indenture, agreement or other instrument, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance of any nature whatsoever upon any of its property or assets except as otherwise permitted, required or contemplated by the Loan Documents. The Loan Documents constitute its legal, valid and binding obligations, enforceable against it, in accordance with the respective terms thereof.

(c)Litigation. There are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or threatened against or affecting it or its property at law, in equity or in admiralty, or before or by any governmental or regulatory authority, domestic or foreign, which either individually or in the aggregate could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. It is not in default with respect to any order, writ, injunction, decree or demand of any court, tribunal or governmental authority, domestic or foreign.

(d)Financial Condition. There has been no material adverse change in its financial condition, operations or affairs as reflected in the most recent financial statements delivered to the Lender. All such financial statements, if any, information and other data furnished by or on its behalf to the Lender was true and accurate in all material respects at the time it was given.

(e)No Sovereign Immunity. It is subject to private commercial law and to suit in connection with matters relating to this Agreement, the Note and the other Loan Documents, and neither it nor any of its property or assets has any right to immunity from suit or attachment on the grounds of sovereignty or on any other grounds. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Note and the other Loan Documents constitute its commercial acts, which are related to its commercial activities.

(f)Tax Returns. It has filed, or has caused to have been filed, all tax returns which are required to be filed, and has paid or caused to have been paid all taxes as shown on such returns or on any assessment received by it, to the extent that such taxes have become due, unless and to the extent only that such taxes, assessments and governmental charges are currently contested in good faith and by appropriate legal proceedings being diligently pursued and adequate reserves therefor have been established as required under GAAP, applied on a consistent basis.

(g)Compliance with Law; Licenses and Permits. It is not in violation of any law, ordinance, governmental rule or regulation to which it is subject, and it has obtained all licenses, permits, franchises or other governmental authorizations necessary for the ownership of its properties and assets and the conduct of its business, in each case such that there will not be any Material Adverse Effect. It has been issued all required permits, licenses, certificates and approvals of all governmental and regulatory authorities under all applicable laws that are material and necessary for the ownership or operation of its assets (including the Vessel owned by it), and all such permits, licenses, certificates and approvals are currently in full force and effect.

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(h)Title to Assets. It owns or, after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby, will own all of its properties and assets (including, without limitation, the Vessel owned by it), both tangible and intangible, of any nature whatsoever, free and clear of liens and other encumbrances, other than Permitted Liens.

(i)Principal Place of Business; Tradenames. The address stated in Section 9.02 hereof is the principal place of business and chief executive office; and it does not conduct business under any trade, assumed or fictitious names.

(j)Margin Stock. None of the proceeds from the Loan will be used, directly or indirectly, by it for the purpose of purchasing or carrying, or for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness that was originally incurred to purchase or carry, any Margin Stock, or for any other purpose that might make the transactions contemplated herein a “purpose credit” within the meaning of said Regulation U, or cause this Agreement to violate any other regulation of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, as amended, or any rules or regulations promulgated under any of such statutes.

(k)ERISA. Neither it, the other Borrower or Pangaea maintains any Plan, Multiemployer Plan or Foreign Pension Plan, except as identified on Schedule 5.01(k).

(l)ISM Code and ISPS Code Compliance. It has obtained or will obtain or will cause to be obtained all necessary ISM Code Documentation and ISPS Code Documentation in connection with the Vessel owned by it and its operations and will be or will cause such Vessel and the relevant Approved Manager to be in full compliance with the ISM Code and the ISPS Code.

(m)Validity and Completeness of Time Charter. The Time Charter to which it is a party constitutes its valid, binding and enforceable obligation and that of the Time Charterer party thereto in accordance with the terms thereof. The copy of the Time Charter delivered by it to the Lender is a true and complete copy thereof and no amendments or additions to such Time Charter have been agreed to nor has it or the Time Charterer party thereto waived any of their respective rights under such Time Charter, in each case that would be adverse in any material respect to the Lender.

(n)Compliance with Environmental Laws. Except to the extent the following could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) its operations and properties comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including, without limitation, Environmental Laws, all necessary Environmental Permits have been obtained and are in full force and effect for its operations, and (ii) neither it nor any of its subsidiaries or Affiliates has been notified in writing that it is potentially liable for any remedial costs with respect to the treatment, storage, disposal, release, arrangement for disposal or transportation of any Environmentally Sensitive Material, except for costs incurred in the ordinary course of business with respect to the treatment, storage, disposal or transportation of such Environmentally Sensitive Material.

(o)Ownership Structure. It has no subsidiaries. All of its Equity Interests have been validly issued, are fully paid, non-assessible and free and clear of all liens and other encumbrances (other than that in favor of the Lender) and are owned by Nordic Bulk Holding.

(p)Investment Company, Public Utility, Etc.. It is not (i) an “investment company”, or an “affiliated person” of, or “promoter” or “principal underwriter” for, an “investment company”, as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or (ii) a “public utility” within the meaning of the United States Federal Power Act of 1920, as amended.

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(q)Sanctions. It is not located in a country or territory that is subject of Sanctions, is not a Prohibited Person, is not owned or controlled by, or acting directly or indirectly on behalf of or for the benefit of, a Prohibited Person and does not own or control a Prohibited Person and, to the best of its knowledge, no director, officer, employee, agent, Affiliate or representative of it is currently the subject of Sanctions. No proceeds of the Loan shall be made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a Prohibited Person or otherwise shall be, directly or indirectly, applied in a manner or for a purpose prohibited by Sanctions.

(r)No Money Laundering. It hereby confirms that, with respect to its borrowing hereunder and the transactions contemplated hereby, it is acting for its own account, it will use the proceeds of the Loan solely for the purposes set forth herein, and that the foregoing will not involve or lead to a contravention of any law, official requirement or other regulatory measure or program implemented to combat “money laundering” under any federal, state or foreign laws, including, without limitation, the PATRIOT ACT and the Bank Secrecy Act.

(s)UCC Filing. For purposes of the UCC, it has no place of business in the United States of America, the District of Columbia, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of America or any state thereof.

(t)Submission to Jurisdiction and Choice of Law. Under the laws of The Republic of the Marshall Islands, the choice of New York law to govern this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which New York law is applicable, is valid and binding. The submission by it to the jurisdiction of the New York state courts and the U.S. Federal court sitting in New York County is valid and binding and not subject to revocation, and service of process effected pursuant to Section 9.04 hereof will be effective to confer personal jurisdiction over it in such courts.

(u)Recitals. The Recitals to this Agreement are true and accurate in each and every respect and are incorporated by reference herein.

(v)Solvency. It is currently Solvent and, after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby and by the other Loan Documents, it will remain Solvent as a result thereof. It is and will be able to pay its debts as they become due, and it has and will have sufficient capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted.

ARTICLE VII.

COVENANTS OF BORROWERS

“

r.Affirmative Covenants. Until all the Borrowers’ Obligations hereunder and under each of the other Loan Documents have been indefeasibly paid in full or otherwise satisfied in full, the Borrowers hereby agree that:

“ . Until all the Borrowers’ Obligations hereunder and under each of the other Loan Documents have been indefeasibly paid in full or otherwise satisfied in full, the Borrowers hereby agree that:

(a)Books and Records; Separate Accounts. Each Borrower shall keep separate and proper books and records and accounts in which full and materially correct entries shall be made of all financial transactions and the assets and business of each Borrower in accordance with GAAP and the

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Lender shall have the right to examine the books and records of each Borrower wherever the same may be kept from time to time as it sees fit, in its sole discretion, or to cause an examination to be made by a firm of accountants selected by it; providedthat any examination shall be done without undue interference with the day-to-day operations of the Borrowers. Each Borrower shall keep separate accounts and shall not co-mingle its assets with that of any other Person.

(b)Financial Statements. Each Borrower shall prepare and deliver, or shall cause to be prepared and delivered, to the Lender:

(i)    as soon as practicable, but not later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of each Fiscal Year, an unaudited balance sheet as of the end of such period and the related statements of profit and loss and changes in financial position of each Borrower, each in respect of such Fiscal Year, in reasonable detail and prepared in accordance with GAAP;

(ii)    as soon as practicable, but not later than ninety (90) days after the end of each of the second and fourth quarters of each Fiscal Year, management accounts as of the end of such period for the Time Charterer, and as soon as practicable, but not later than one hundred eighty (180) days after the end of each Fiscal Year, annual audited accounts as of the end of such period for the Time Charterer;

(iii)    not later than forty-five (45) days after the end of the second and fourth quarters of each Fiscal Year, and together with the financial statements that the Borrowers deliver in (i) above, a Compliance Certificate; and

(iv)    such other financial statements, annual budgets and projections as may be reasonably requested by the Lender, each to be in such form as the Lender may reasonably request.

(c)Provision of Other Information. The Borrowers will, as soon as practicable after receiving the request, provide the Lender with any additional financial information or other information relating to the Borrowers or any other matter relevant to, or to any provision of, a Loan Document, which may be requested by the Lender at any time.

(d)Notification of Defaults, Etc. The Borrowers shall promptly notify the Lender upon becoming aware of (i) any Event of Default or Default or any other event (including any litigation) which might adversely affect its ability or the Time Charterer’s ability to perform its obligations under the Time Charter or the Time Charter Guarantor’s ability to perform its obligations under the Time Charter Guarantee, (ii) any default, or any interruption in the performance by any party to the Time Charter including, but not limited to, any off-hire in excess of 96 hours, (iii) a Major Casualty, and (iv) of any Default or Event of Default under this Agreement.

(e)Existence. Each Borrower shall continue, and shall cause each Guarantor to continue, to maintain its existence in good standing and qualifications to do business in good standing where required and shall not, without the Lender’s prior written consent, dissolve or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, in one transaction or a series of transactions.

(f)Domicile. Each Borrower is, and at all times during the term hereof, shall remain eligible to document the Vessel owned by it under Marshall Islands flag.

(g)Use of Proceeds. The Borrowers shall use the proceeds from the Loan solely for the purposes specified in the Recitals, and for no other purposes.

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(h)Payment of Taxes. Each Borrower shall pay and discharge, and cause each Guarantor to pay and discharge, all taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed on it or on its income or profits or on any of its property prior to the date on which penalties attach thereto, except that it will not be required to pay any such tax, assessment, charge or levy, the payment of which is being contested in good faith and by proper and diligent legal proceedings, so long as none of its assets have been attached or arrested, or, if attached or arrested, such attachment or arrest has been fully bonded and fully lifted.

(i)Compliance with Laws Generally. Each Borrower shall comply, and shall cause each Guarantor to comply, with the requirements of all applicable laws, rules, regulations and orders of any court, governmental authority or regulatory agency having jurisdiction over it or its property, except where failure to so comply could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(j)Litigation. Each Borrower shall promptly inform, and shall cause each Guarantor to promptly inform, the Lender of any pending or threatened litigation involving it, where the amount claimed exceeds $300,000 in the case of either Borrower or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect in the case of any Guarantor, and of any other event, condition or occurrence which, to the best of its knowledge and belief, might adversely affect or prejudice the timely repayment of the Loan and/or the performance of its obligations under the Guarantee (as the case may be).

(k)Financial Responsibility. Each Borrower shall comply with and satisfy all of the provisions of any applicable law, regulation, proclamation or order concerning financial responsibility for liabilities imposed on it or its Vessel with respect to pollution. including, without limitation, the International Convention of Maritime Pollution of 1973, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974, the U.S. Water Pollution Act, as amended by the Water Pollution Control Act Amendment of 1972, the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, as the same may be amended from time to time, and will maintain all certificates or other evidence of financial responsibility as may be required by any such law, regulation, proclamation or order with respect to the trade in which such Vessel from time to time engage or the cargoes carried by it.

(l)Conduct of Business. Each Borrower shall conduct business only in connection with, or for the purpose of, owning and chartering its Vessel. Each Borrower shall conduct business in its own name and observe all corporate and other formalities required by its organizational documents.

(m)Change of Place of Business. Each Borrower shall notify the Lender promptly of any change in the location of the place of business where it conducts its affairs and keep its books and records.

(n)Pollution Liability. Each Borrower shall take, or cause to be taken, such actions as may be reasonably required to mitigate potential liability to it arising out of Environmental Incidents or as may be reasonably required to protect the interests of the Lender with respect thereto.

(o)Subordination of Loans. Each Borrower shall cause all loans made to it by any Affiliate, parent or subsidiary or any Guarantor, and all sums and other obligations (financial or otherwise) owed by it to any Affiliate, parent or subsidiary or to an Approved Manager or any Guarantor to be fully subordinated, in form and substance acceptable to the Lender, to the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender.

(p)Sanctions. Each Borrower shall, to the best of its knowledge and ability, ensure that (i) it is not owned or controlled by, or acting directly or indirectly on behalf of or for the benefit of, a Prohibited Person and does not own or control a Prohibited Person, and (ii) no proceeds of the Loan shall be

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made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of, a Prohibited Person or otherwise shall be, directly or indirectly, applied in a manner or for a purpose prohibited by Sanctions.

(q)Pension Plans. Promptly upon the establishment of a Plan, Multiemployer Plan or Foreign Pension Plan by either Borrower or Pangaea, the Borrowers shall furnish, or cause to be furnished, to the Lender written notice thereof and, if requested by the Lender, a copy of such Plan, Multiemployer Plan or Foreign Pension Plan.

(r)Shareholder and Creditor Notices. Each Borrower shall send to the Lender, at the same time as they are sent, copies of all notices and other communications which are sent to their shareholders (or equivalent) or any class of them or their creditors.

(s)Beneficial Ownership Certification. Each Borrower shall upon request of the Lender complete and tender to the Lender a beneficial ownership certification or other documents in order for the Lender to comply with all necessary “know your customer” or other similar checks under all applicable laws and regulations.

(t)Inspection Reports. Each Borrower shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Lender any report prepared by an independent inspector jointly appointed by such Borrower and the Time Charterer in respect of the Vessel owned by it.

(u)Minimum Liquidity. Each Borrower shall at all times maintain on deposit in its Earnings Account not less than US$500,000.

(v)Nordic Bulk Holding Financial Covenants. The Borrowers shall cause Nordic Bulk Holding to maintain, on a consolidated basis, measured quarterly on a rolling four (4) quarter basis:

(i)    a minimum Tangible Net Worth of not less than US$90,000,000; and

(ii)    a maximum Operating Leverage Ratio in the amount set forth below for the period opposite such amount:

Period	Ratio
From closing to December 31, 2021	6:00 to 1.00
January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2023	5:00 to 1.00
January 1, 2024 and thereafter	4:50 to 1.00

As used herein, “Tangible Net Worth” means Net Worth minus goodwill, and “Operating Leverage” means Funded Debt plus dividends declared and/or paid during the applicable measurement period divided by EBITDA.

(w)Refinancing of the Vessels named “NORDIC ODIN”, “NORDIC OLYMPIC” and “NORDIC OSHIMA”. The Borrowers shall cause Pangaea to refinance the indebtedness due by the owners of said vessels to DVB Bank SE and the other lenders party to that certain Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated as of September 18, 2015 and cause Pangaea to notify the Lender by no later than February 28, 2021 if such refinancing is anticipated to extend beyond March 31, 2021.

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(x)Insolvency. Each Borrower shall provide, and shall cause each Guarantor to provide, the Lender with written notice of the commencement of proceedings by or against it, under the applicable bankruptcy laws or other insolvency laws (as now or hereafter in effect), involving it, as a debtor.

(y)Insurances. At all times during the term hereof, the Borrowers shall, at their own cost and expense, obtain and keep each Vessel insured against the risks described below:

(i)hull and machinery risks, plus freight interest and hull interest and any other usual marine risks such as excess risks on full conditions as per Institute Time Clauses Hull (1/10/83), or American Institute Hull Clauses (June 2, 1977) or other conditions approved by the Lender insuring each Vessel against the usual risks, including collision and liability, for an agreed value of not less than 110% of the outstanding principal balance of the Loan plus all accrued but unpaid interest thereon from time to time, with deductibles acceptable to the Lender;

(ii)full protection and indemnity risks (including liability for oil pollution and excess war risk P&I cover), on terms and conditions as per the rules of a protection and indemnity club that is a member of the International Group of P&I Clubs, or equivalent cover acceptable to the Lender, providing for liability cover at levels acceptable to the Lender for any one accident or occurrence in a maximum aggregate amount not less than $3,000,000,000 for general liability and $1,000,000,000 for oil pollution liability;

(iii)war risks (including the London Blocking and Trapping addendum or similar arrangement), for an agreed value of not less than 110% of the outstanding principal balance of the Loan plus all accrued but unpaid interest thereon from time to time, with deductibles acceptable to the Lender;

(iv)freight, demurrage and defense risks;

(v)risks covered by mortgagee’s political risks/rights;

(vi)risks covered by mortgagee’s interest insurance;

(vii)risks covered by mortgagee’s interest additional perils (pollution); and

(viii)any other risks against which the Lender considers, having regard to practices and other circumstances prevailing at the relevant time, it would in its opinion be reasonable for the Borrowers to insure and which are specified by the Lender by notice to the Borrowers (such as political risks and mortgage rights insurance).

All such insurance shall be effected in Dollars, on terms approved by the Lender, through approved brokers and with approved insurance companies and/or underwriters having a rating by AM Best of not less than “A-1” or, in the case of war risks and protection and indemnity risks, in approved war risks and protection and indemnity risk associations that are members of the International Group of P&I Clubs.

In addition, the Borrowers shall ensure that the foregoing insurances affected by them shall:

(i)in the case of hull and machinery and war risks, name the Lender as sole loss payee;

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(ii)in the case of protection and indemnity risks, name the Lender as a joint member, with full waiver of rights of subrogation against the Lender;

(iii)provide that all payments by or on behalf of the insurers to the Lender be made without setoff, counterclaims or deductions of any kind whatsoever;

(iv)provide that such insurances shall be primary without right of contribution from other insurances which may be carried by the Lender;

(v)provide that the Lender may make proof of loss if the Borrowers fail to do so; and

(vi)provide that the deductible on the hull and machinery and hull war risk insurance does not exceed $900,000.

Each Borrower shall ensure that all approved brokers provide the Lender with pro forma copies of all policies and cover notes which they are to affect or renew and of a letter of undertaking, in form acceptable to the Lender that:

(i)they will have endorsed on each policy, immediately upon issue, a loss payable clause and a notice of assignment in accordance with the requirements of the Assignment of Insurances;

(ii)they will hold such policies, and the benefit of such insurances, to the order of the Lender in accordance with said loss payable clause;

(iii)they will advise the Lender immediately of any material changes to the terms of such insurances or if they cease to act as brokers;

(iv)they will notify the Lender, not less than fourteen (14) days before expiry of such insurances, in the event of their not having received notice of renewal instructions from the Borrowers or their agents and, in the event of their receiving instructions to renew, they will promptly notify the Lender of the terms of such instructions; and

(v)they will not setoff against any sum recoverable in respect of a claim relating to either Vessel any premiums or other amounts due to them or to any other Person whether in respect to the Vessels or otherwise, that they waive any lien on the policies, or any sums received under them, which they might have in respect of such premiums or other amounts, and that they will not cancel such insurances by reason of non-payment of such premiums or other amounts, and will arrange for a separate policy to be issued in respect of the Vessels forthwith upon being so requested to do so by the Lender.

Each Borrower further agrees that it will cause any protection and indemnity and/or war risks association in which the Vessel owned by it is entered provides the Lender with: (i) a copy of the certificate of entry for said Vessel, (ii) a letter or letters of undertaking in such form acceptable to the Lender, and (iii) a copy of the certificate of financial responsibility for pollution by oil or other Environmentally Sensitive Material issued by the relevant certifying authority in relation to its Vessel.

Each Borrower shall punctually pay all premiums or other sums payable in respect of such insurances and produce all relevant receipts when so required by the Lender. Each Borrower shall ensure

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that any guarantees required by a protection and indemnity or war risks association are promptly issued and remain in full force and effect. Neither Borrower shall settle, compromise or abandon any claim under such insurances for Total Loss or for a Major Casualty, and shall do all things necessary and provide all documents, evidence and information to enable the Lender to collect and recover all moneys which at any time become payable in respect of such insurances.

The Lender shall be entitled from time to time to effect, maintain and renew (i) mortgagee’s interest insurance, (ii) mortgagee’s interest additional perils insurance and/or (iii) mortgagee’s political risks/rights insurance in such amounts (up to 110% of the Loan), on such terms, through such insurers and generally in such manner as the Lender may from time to time consider appropriate and the Borrowers shall upon demand fully indemnify the Lender in respect of all premiums and other expenses which are incurred in connection therewith.

Neither Vessel shall carry any cargoes nor proceed into any area then excluded by trading warranties under the abovereferenced insurance policies without first obtaining any necessary additional coverage, satisfactory in form and substance, and evidence of which shall be furnished, to the Lender. All insurances shall be in form and with companies reasonably satisfactory to the Lender. As set forth above, all insurances for loss or damage to either Vessel shall provide that losses, if any, shall be payable to the Lender for distribution by it to itself and the relevant Borrower, as their respective interests may appear. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of any loss (other than a Total Loss (as hereinafter defined)) or damage to either Vessel, the underwriters may, so long as they have not been notified by the Lender that an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and upon receipt of evidence satisfactory to them of the completion of such repairs or other charges, pay directly for the repair, salvage or other charges involved or, if the relevant Borrower shall have first fully repaired the damage and/or paid all of the salvage or other charges, may pay such Borrower as reimbursement therefore; provided, however, that if such damage involves a loss in excess of $900,000, the underwriters shall not make such payment without first obtaining the written consent thereto of the Lender. All insurance with respect to protection and indemnity risks may be paid directly to the Person to whom any liability covered by such insurance has been incurred or, if previously paid by the relevant Borrower and provided no Event of Default shall then exist, to such Borrower to reimburse it for any loss or expense incurred by it. Any loss covered by this paragraph which is paid to the Lender but which might have been paid, in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, directly to the relevant Borrower or others, shall be paid by the Lender to, or as directed by, the relevant Borrower and all other payments to the Lender of losses covered by this paragraph shall be applied by the Lender towards payment of the Borrowers’ Obligations, as the Lender, in its sole discretion, sees fit. Upon the request of the Lender, the Borrowers shall furnish to the Lender a detailed report signed by a firm of marine insurance brokers satisfactory to the Lender as to the insurance maintained in respect of the Vessels. Each insurer shall agree, by endorsement upon the policy or policies issued by it, or by independent instrument furnished to the Lender, that (i) it will give the Lender at least fourteen (14) days’ prior written notice of the effective date of any material alteration, cancellation or non-renewal of such policy or policies; and (ii) the insurance as to the interest of any named loss payee other than the Borrowers shall not be invalidated by any actions, inactions, breach of warranty or condition or negligence of the Borrowers with respect to such policy or policies.

Upon the occurrence of: (i) the actual or constructive total loss or compromised, agreed or arranged total loss of either Vessel; or (ii) the loss, theft or destruction of either Vessel or damage thereto to such extent as shall make repair thereof uneconomical or shall render either Vessel permanently unfit for normal use for any reason whatsoever; or (iii) the requisition of title to or other compulsory acquisition of either Vessel (otherwise than by requisition for hire); or (iv) the capture, seizure, arrest or detention of either Vessel by any government or by persons acting or purporting to act on behalf of any government (as

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established to the reasonable satisfaction of the Lender), unless the Vessel(s) shall be released from such capture, seizure, arrest or detention within one (1) month after such occurrence but in all events prior to the maturity of the Loan (any such occurrence being herein referred to as a “Total Loss”), while any amount due hereunder is outstanding, the Borrowers shall give prompt notice thereof to the Lender. Upon receipt of such notice, the Lender shall apply all insurance proceeds received by it toward prepayment of the Loan in accordance with the terms hereof and, so long as the Borrowers are then in compliance with the Collateral Maintenance Ratio, the balance thereof, if any, promptly paid to the Borrowers or whomever else shall be entitled thereto.

Each Borrower agrees that the Vessels shall be operated within the confines of the cover provided by all insurances. The Borrowers further agree that they will not make, do, consent or agree to any act or omission which would or could render any insurance covering the Vessels invalid, void, voidable, or unenforceable or render any sum payable thereunder repayable in whole or part. The Borrowers further covenant to (i) make no changes regarding the management of the Vessels without the prior written consent of the Lender; and (ii) make all insurance premium payments when due. The Borrowers shall be responsible for pursuing all claims under the insurances indicated above, and take such actions as may be necessary to satisfy all insurers’ inquiries.

(z)Additional Vessel Covenants. With respect to each Vessel, the Borrowers hereby covenant and agree:

1.to keep the Vessels duly registered under the laws and flag of The Republic of the Marshall Islands;

2.to not do, omit to do or allow to be done, anything as a result of which such registration might be cancelled or imperiled;

3.to not change the name or port of registry of the Vessels;

4.to provide to the Lender forthwith copies of all material notices and information received by it in relation to the Vessels, their Earnings and Insurances, or operations unless such notices or information state they have been provided directly to the Lender;

5.to assign and provide that any Requisition Compensation is applied in accordance with the provisions of the relevant Mortgage as if received on the basis of a sale of such Vessel;

6.to keep each Vessel free and clear of all liens, charges, mortgages and encumbrances, other than (1) liens in favor of the Lender, (2) liens for current crew’s wages, general average and salvage (including contract salvage), (3) liens incurred in the ordinary course of business for repairs, supplies, bunkers, services, wharfage, harbor dues and canal tolls that are repayable in accordance with customary trade terms but in no event later than sixty (60) days from date of incurrence unless the same are being contested in good faith through legal proceedings being diligently pursued and for which appropriate reserves have been set aside in accordance with GAAP, (4) liens for personal injury sustained aboard such Vessel which are wholly insured and which are being contested in good faith by appropriate legal proceedings being diligently pursued and pending resolution thereof could not reasonably be expected to result in sale, forfeiture or loss of such Vessel and liens permitted by the Mortgage, and (5) liens for taxes not yet due and payable which are being contested in good faith through legal proceedings being diligently pursued and for which appropriate reserves have been set aside in accordance with GAAP (collectively, “Permitted Liens”), and not to

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pledge, charge, assign or otherwise encumber (in favor of any Person other than the Lender) the Earnings or Insurances of such Vessel, or to suffer the creation of any such pledge, charge, assignment or encumbrance as aforesaid to or in favor of any Person other than the Lender;

7.without the prior written consent of the Lender (and then only subject to such terms as the Lender may impose), not to sell either Vessel (unless the Lender shall have been paid in full the relevant percentage of the Loan payable under Section 3.03(b)(i) of this Agreement, in which case no consent shall be required);

8.to pay to the Lender on demand all moneys, together with interest thereon at the Default Rate, (including, but not limited to, reasonable fees of counsel) whatsoever which the Lender shall or may reasonably expend, be put to or become liable for which arise from the protection, maintenance or enforcement of the security created by this Agreement, the Mortgage or any other Loan Document or arise from the reasonable exercise by the Lender of any of the powers vested in it hereunder or thereunder;

9.to comply with and satisfy all the requisites and formalities established by the laws of The Republic of the Marshall Islands to establish and maintain each Mortgage as a legal, valid, binding and enforceable first preferred mortgage lien upon the relevant Vessel and to furnish to the Lender from time to time such proofs as the Lender may reasonably request so that it may be satisfied with respect to the compliance by the Borrowers with the provisions of this subsection;

10.not to make, or permit to be made, any substantial change in the structure, type or speed of either Vessel unless it shall have received the Lender’s prior written approval;

11.not to cause or permit either Vessel to be operated in any manner contrary to applicable law, rule or regulation, not to abandon either Vessel in a foreign port, not to engage in any unlawful trade or violate any law or carry any cargo that will expose either Vessel to penalty, expropriation, nationalization, confiscation, forfeiture or capture, and not to do, or suffer or permit to be done, anything which can or may injuriously affect the registration of either Vessel or its qualification to be documented under the laws and regulations of The Republic of the Marshall Islands. The Borrowers shall not enter into (1) any bareboat or demise charter or (2) any time or voyage charter (other than the Time Charters) having a duration of twelve (12) months or more (including all renewals), in each case without the prior written consent of the Lender (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld and may be contingent upon, among other things, (i) a review of existing insurance and additional insurance to be carried to cover attendant risks, and the Borrowers’ carrying of such insurance as may be satisfactory to the Lender in its sole discretion, and (ii) any such charter or contract being subject and subordinate to the provision of the relevant Mortgage; providedthat any consent pursuant to the terms of this subsection to any sale, transfer or charter shall not be construed to be a waiver of this provision with respect to any subsequent proposed sale, transfer or charter; and any such sale, transfer or charter shall be subject to the provisions of the relevant Mortgage and the lien thereof);

12.if a libel or complaint be filed against either Vessel or either Vessel be otherwise attached, levied upon or taken into custody by virtue of any legal proceeding in any court, to promptly notify the Lender by telecopy, confirmed by letter, to the Lender, and within fifteen (15) days after the Borrowers receive notice of such event to cause such Vessel to be released and all liens thereon, other than Permitted Liens, to be discharged and to promptly notify the Lender thereof

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in the manner aforesaid; and the Borrowers shall notify the Lender within two (2) Business Days of any average or salvage incurred by either Vessel;

13.at all times and without cost or expense to the Lender maintain and preserve, or cause to be maintained and preserved, each Vessel and all her equipment, outfitting and appurtenances, tight, staunch, strong, in good condition, working order and repair and in all respects seaworthy and fit for its intended service, ordinary wear and tear alone excepted; and covenants that it shall at all times comply with all applicable laws, treaties and conventions, and rules and regulations to which The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a party and of any jurisdiction where such Vessel operates and shall have on board as and when required thereby valid certificates showing compliance therewith. To the extent applicable, each Borrower shall comply or procure compliance with the ISM Code and the ISPS Code, and will furnish to the Lender on demand true and complete copies of its Vessel’s Document of Compliance, Safety Management Certificate and such other ISM Code Documentation and ISPS Code Documentation as the Lender may reasonably request in writing;

14.at all reasonable times and upon prior reasonable notice to the Borrowers, the Borrowers shall afford, or cause to be afforded, the Lender and its authorized representative full and complete access to the Vessels for the purpose of inspecting the Vessels and their papers (provided such access does not interfere with the normal day-to-day operation of the Vessels) and, at the request of the Lender, the Borrowers shall deliver for inspection copies of any and all contracts and documents relating to the Vessels, whether on board or not;

15.to instruct the Classification Society and procure that the Classification Society undertakes to send to the Lender, following its receipt of a written request from the Lender certified true copies of all original class records held by the Classification Society in respect of the Vessels and to allow the Lender (or its agents) at any time and from time to time to inspect such class records either (i) electronically (through the Classification Society directly or by way of indirect access via the Borrowers’ account manager and designating the Lender as a user or administrator of the system under their accounts), or (ii) in person at the offices of the Classification Society, and to take copies of them electronically or otherwise;

16.at their sole expense, to submit the Vessels regularly to all periodic or other surveys which may be required for classification purposes and, if so required by the Lender, provide the Lender with copies of all survey reports;

17.to not remove any material part of either Vessel or any item of equipment installed on either Vessel unless the part or item which is in the same or better condition as the part or items removed, is free of liens and encumbrances or any right in favor of any Person other than the Lender or becomes upon installation the property of the relevant Borrower and subject to the security constituted by the relevant Mortgage, providedthat either Borrower may install and remove equipment owned by a third party if the equipment can be removed without any risk of damage to the relevant Vessel;

18.to promptly provide the Lender with any information it requests relating to either Vessel, its employment, position and engagements, its Earnings and payments and amounts due to each Vessel’s master and crew, any expenses incurred or likely to be incurred in connection with the operation, maintenance and/or repair of each Vessel, any towages and salvages, the Borrowers’, the Approved Managers’ and the Vessels’ compliance with the ISM Code and the ISPS

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Code, and, upon request of the Lender, provide copies of the Borrowers’ or the Approved Managers’ Document of Compliance;

19.to notify the Lender by fax or email, confirmed forthwith by letter of (1) any casualty which is or is likely to become a Major Casualty, (2) the occurrence of any event which has become, or is likely to become, a Total Loss, (3) any intended drydocking of either Vessel, (4) any requirement or condition made by any insurer or Classification Society or other competent authority having jurisdiction over the Vessels which is not immediately complied with, (5) any Environmental Claim made against either Borrower or any Environmental Incident, and (6) any claim for breach of the ISM Code or ISPS Code made against either Borrower, any Approved Manager or either Vessel;

20.to not to deactivate or lay up either Vessel;

21.to not change the Classification Society;

22.to not permit either Vessel to carry nuclear waste or material; and

23.to not enter into any agreement or arrangement for the sharing of any Earnings.

(aa)Drydocking of Vessels. If upon inspection of either Vessel by the Lender (or its agents), the Lender shall discover that either Vessel is in a condition of disrepair, the Lender shall have the right to call for the drydocking and repair of such Vessel within thirty (30) days of the discharge of the cargo then on board at the Borrowers’ sole cost and expense and to the satisfaction of the Lender.

(ab)Notice of Mortgage. Each Borrower shall place a certified copy of the relevant Mortgage, together with notice thereof, on board its Vessel and, within thirty (30) days of the date hereof, shall furnish the Lender with a copy of the Master’s signed receipt therefor, in form and substance satisfactory to the Lender.

(ac)Indemnity. The Borrowers hereby agree, jointly and severally, to indemnify, defend and hold harmless all Indemnified Parties (as defined below), on an after-tax basis, from and against any and all liabilities, causes of action, claims, suits, penalties, damages, losses, costs or expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees), obligations, demands and judgments (collectively, a “Liability”) arising out of or in any way related to: (a) this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or the performance, breach (including any Default or Event of Default) or enforcement of any of the terms hereof or thereof, (b) the breach of any representation, warranty or covenant made by the Borrowers under the Loan Documents, (c) the Vessels or any of the other Collateral given as security for the Borrowers’ obligations, or (d) injury to persons, property or the environment including any Liability based on strict liability in tort, negligence, breach of warranties or the Borrowers’ failure to comply fully with applicable law or regulatory requirements; providedthat the foregoing indemnity shall not apply to the extent any Liability arises solely from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party. The indemnity contained in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement, payment of any amounts due hereunder or under the other Loan Documents and assignment of any rights hereunder. The Borrowers may participate at their expense in the defense (if applicable) of any Liability. As used herein, the term “Indemnified Parties” means the Lender and its successors, assigns, participants, transferees, directors, officers, employees, shareholders, servants and agents.

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(ad)Collateral Maintenance Ratio. If, at any time the Lender notifies the Borrowers that the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Vessels is below 125% of the outstanding principal balance of the Loan (such ratio being the “Collateral Maintenance Ratio”), the Lender shall have the right to require the Borrowers to prepay (without payment of any Prepayment Fee) such part of the Loan as will eliminate the shortfall on or before the date falling one (1) month after the date on which the Lender serves such notice (the “Prepayment Date”). Any such prepayment shall be applied to the Borrowers’ Obligations in the inverse order of maturity.

(ae)Appraisals of Fair Market Value. The Borrowers shall procure and deliver to the Lender two (2) written appraisals setting forth the Fair Market Value of each Vessel as follows:

(i)    on an annual basis at the Borrowers’ sole cost and expense to accompany each Compliance Certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7.01(b)(ii) hereof; and

(ii)    at the Lender’s expense, at such other times upon request of the Lender, unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, in which case the Borrowers shall procure them at their expense as often as requested;

providedthat if there is a difference of or in excess of 10% between the two (2) appraisals obtained by the Borrowers, the Borrowers may, at their sole cost and expense, obtain a third appraisal from an Approved Broker.

s.Negative Covenants. Until all of Borrowers’ Obligations hereunder and under each of the other Loan Documents have been indefeasibly paid in full or otherwise satisfied, the Borrowers agree that, without the prior written consent of the Lender:

“ . Until all of Borrowers’ Obligations hereunder and under each of the other Loan Documents have been indefeasibly paid in full or otherwise satisfied, the Borrowers agree that, without the prior written consent of the Lender:

(a)Indebtedness. Neither Borrower shall create, incur, assume or permit to exist any indebtedness except (a) indebtedness to the Lender, (b) other indebtedness existing on the date hereof or expressly described on Schedule 7.02(a) hereof, (c) indebtedness incurred by the endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection in the ordinary course of business, (d) indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of business which is unsecured and consists of open accounts extended by suppliers on normal trade terms in connection with the purchase of goods and services, (e) purchase money indebtedness including capital leases incurred for the acquisition of new hardware and software or for furniture, equipment and infrastructure, and (f) loans made to it by one of more of its Affiliates which are fully subordinated to the Borrowers’ Obligations to the Lender on terms acceptable to the Lender;

(b)Liens. Neither Borrower shall create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any mortgage, security interest, pledge, lien or other charge or encumbrance (including the assignment or sale of the right to receive any income) upon the Vessels or the other Collateral, other than Permitted Liens;

(c)Place of Business. Neither Borrower shall change the location of its principal place of business from that set forth in Section 9.02, without giving the Lender at least thirty (30) days’ prior written notice thereof and setting forth in detail the complete address of such new place of business. In furtherance thereof, each Borrower shall file, and hereby authorizes the Lender to file on its behalf, Uniform Commercial Code financing statements, amendments or continuation statements, in form and substance

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satisfactory to the Lender, in such jurisdiction or jurisdictions as the Lender shall request upon demand by the Lender;

(d)Assignments. Neither Borrower shall assign to any Person (other than the Lender) any of the Insurances, Earnings or Requisition Compensation of the Vessel owned by it;

(e)Character of Business. Neither Borrower shall change the general character of its business from that conducted on the date hereof, or engage in any type of business not reasonably related to its business as presently or now proposed to be conducted;

(f)Financing Statements. Neither Borrower shall file any amendments, corrective statements, or termination statements concerning the Collateral;

(g)Flag. Neither Borrower shall change the flag of the Vessel owned by it;

(h)Sale of Vessel. Neither Borrower shall sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of its interest in the Vessel owned by it unless the Borrowers simultaneously comply with the provisions of Section 3.03(b)(i) above;

(i)Borrowers’ Interests. Neither Borrower shall issue or sell any Equity Interests or issue, sell or grant any warrants, options or convertible securities convertible into the same or enter into an agreement pursuant to which it is or may become obligated to issue more Equity Interests to any Person;

(j)Investments. Neither Borrower shall make or permit to remain outstanding any loans to or investments in, any Person;

(k)Liquidation. Neither Borrower shall sell, lease or otherwise dispose of, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or any substantial part of its assets or properties or take any action to liquidate, dissolve or wind up its business;

(l)Sale and Leaseback Transactions. Neither Borrower shall sell or transfer any property in order to concurrently or subsequently lease as lessee such or similar property.

(m)Changes to Fiscal Year and Accounting Policies. Neither Borrower shall change its Fiscal Year or make or permit any change in its accounting policies affecting (i) the presentation of financial statements, or (ii) reporting practices, except in either case in accordance with GAAP or pursuant to the requirements of applicable laws or regulations;

(n)No Employees; VAT Group. Neither Borrower shall have any employees;

(o)No Amendment to Time Charters or Time Charter Guaranties. Neither Borrower shall agree to any amendment or supplement to, or waive or fail to enforce, the relevant Time Charter or any of its provisions which could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the interests of the Lender under or in respect of the Loan Documents;

(p)Jurisdiction of Incorporation; Amendment to Organizational Documents. Neither Borrower shall change the jurisdiction of its incorporation or materially amend its organizational documents;

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(q)Acquisition of Capital Assets. Neither Borrower shall acquire any capital assets (including any vessel other than the Vessels) by purchase, charter or otherwise; providedthat nothing herein shall prevent or be deemed to prevent any capital improvements being made to the Vessels;

(r)Increases in Capital. Neither Borrower shall permit an increase in its capital by way of issuance of any class or series of Equity Interests or create any new class of Equity Interests that is not subject to the existing Stock Pledge Agreement;

(s)Change of Control; Negative Pledge. Neither Borrower shall permit any act, event or circumstance that would result in a Change of Control of such Borrower, and neither Borrower shall permit any pledge or assignment of its Equity Interests except in favor of the Lender.

(t)Sale of Assets; Merger. Neither Borrower shall sell, transfer or lease (other than in connection with a Charter) all or substantially all of its properties and assets, or enter into any transaction of mergers or consolidation or liquidate, winding up or dissolve itself (or suffer any liquidation or dissolution); providedthat either Borrower may, subject to the provisions of Section 3.03(b)(i) sell the Vessel owned by it;

(u)No Contracts Other Than in the Ordinary Course. Neither Borrower shall enter into any transactions or series of related transactions with third parties other than in the ordinary course of its business;

(v)Affiliate Transactions. Neither Borrower shall enter into any transaction or series of related transactions, whether or not in the ordinary course of business, with any Affiliate other than on terms and conditions substantially as favorable to such Borrower as would be obtained by it at the time in a comparable arm’s-length transaction with a Person other than an Affiliate; and

(w)Dividends. Neither Borrower shall return any capital to its equity holders or redeem, retire, purchase or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, for value, any interest of any class or series of its Equity Interests (or acquire any rights, options or warranties relating thereto but not including convertible debt) now or hereafter outstanding, or repay any subordinated loans to equity holders or set aside any funds for any of the foregoing purposes; providedthat any amounts received from the sale of either Vessel pursuant to Section 3.03(b)(i) in excess of the amount then payable to the Lender may be paid as a dividend so long as the Collateral Maintenance Ratio set forth in Section 7.01(dd) is maintained both before and after payment of such dividend.

ARTICLE VIII.

EVENTS OF DEFAULT; REMEDIES

“

t.Events of Default; Remedies. If any of the following events (each, an “Event of Default” and collectively, “Events of Default”) shall occur and be continuing:

“ If any of the following events (each, an “Event of Default” and collectively, “Events of Default”) shall occur and be continuing:

(a)the Borrowers shall fail to make any payment as and when due under the Note;

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(b)the Borrowers shall fail to comply with any of the provisions of Section 7.01(b), (d), (e), (f), (g), (l), (o), (p), (s), (u), (v), (w), (y), (z)(i) – (iii), (z)(vii), (z)(ix) – (xiii), (aa), (dd) and (ee) or Section 7.02; or

(c)the Borrowers shall fail to perform or otherwise observe and comply with any of their other agreements, obligations or covenants in, or any other provisions of, the Loan Documents (other than that set forth in subparagraphs (a) and (b) above) or any certificate delivered pursuant thereto and such failure continues unremedied for thirty (30) days after giving of notice thereof by the Lender to the Borrowers; or

(d)any representation or warranty made by any Obligor hereunder or by any Obligor in any of the other Loan Documents shall prove to have been untrue in any material respect on the date when made; or

(e)(i) (x) any indebtedness owed by any Obligor to the Lender or its Affiliates or (y) any indebtedness owed by either Borrower to any other Person having an outstanding principal amount of US$1,000,000 or more in the aggregate, by Pangaea or any of its subsidiaries to another Person having an outstanding principal amount of US$10,000,000 or more in the aggregate or by any other Obligor to another Person that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, in each case whether or not such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created, is declared to be due and payable prior to its final maturity date, (ii) any Obligor fails to pay the principal of or interest on any such indebtedness at its final maturity date, or (iii) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist under any agreement relating to such indebtedness, if the effect of such event or condition is to accelerate, or to permit the acceleration of, the maturity of such indebtedness or any such indebtedness shall be declared to be due and payable, or required to be prepaid, prior to the stated maturity thereof and such declaration is not revoked or rescinded in full; or

(f)one or more final judgments for the payment of money in the aggregate in excess of US$1,000,000, in the case of either Borrower, US$10,000,000 in the case of Pangaea or any of its subsidiaries or that could reasonably be excepted to have a Material Adverse Effect in the case of any other Obligor, is entered by a court of competent jurisdiction against such party and remains unsatisfied at any one time and such judgment is not covered by insurance and is not effectively stayed and remains undischarged and unbonded for a period of thirty (30) days; or

(g)any Obligor shall (i) apply for or consent to the appointment of or the taking possession by a receiver, trustee, liquidator, assignee, custodian, sequestrator or the like of itself or of its property, (ii) fail generally or admit its inability to pay its debts as they mature, (iii) become insolvent, (iv) make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, (v) commence a voluntary case under the bankruptcy laws of any jurisdiction, (vi) file a petition or answer seeking reorganization or an arrangement with creditors or to take advantage of any insolvency law or an answer admitting the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency proceeding or (vii) take corporate or other action for the purpose of effecting any of the foregoing; or

(h)an order, judgment, or decree shall be entered in any involuntary case with or without the application, approval or consent of an Obligor, by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, granting relief under or approving a petition seeking reorganization, or appointing a receiver, trustee, liquidator assignee, custodian, sequestrator or the like of such Obligor or of its property, and such order, judgment or decree shall continue unstayed and in effect for sixty (60) days or more; or

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(i)any notice shall have been issued by The Republic of the Marshall Islands to the effect that either Vessel is subject to deletion from registration or the Certificate of Registry for such Vessel is subject to revocation or cancellation; or

(j)for any reason, the Lender fails to hold a duly recorded, first preferred mortgage over the whole of each Vessel; or

(k)an event of default shall have occurred and be continuing under either Mortgage, either Time Charter, either Time Charter Guarantee, the Guarantee or any of the other Loan Documents and all grace or cure periods, if any, with respect thereto shall have expired; or

(l)any Obligor ceases operations or is dissolved; or

(m)the Guarantee shall be rendered or deemed terminated or shall be unenforceable for any reason; or

(n)a Change of Control occurs;

then, and in each such event, the Lender may (A) by notice to the Borrowers, declare the Note, all interest accrued thereon and all other amounts (including, but not limited to, the Prepayment Fee (if any)) payable thereunder and hereunder to be forthwith due and payable, whereupon the Note, all such interest and all such other amounts shall become immediately due and payable, without presentment, demand, protest or further notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived by the Borrowers; provided, however, that in the event of the entry of an order for relief with respect to either Borrower under the Bankruptcy Code or under any similar Federal, state or foreign statute or regulation, the Note, all accrued interest thereon and all other amounts due thereunder and hereunder shall automatically become due and payable in full, without in each instance having given the Borrowers any notice whatsoever; (B) setoff against and debit any account maintained by Borrowers with the Lender for any sums due the Lender hereunder or under the Note; (C) immediately proceed against the Vessels under the respective Mortgages; or (D) exercise all other rights and remedies available under any of the Loan Documents or any applicable law.

The rights and remedies of the Lender hereunder and under any documents or instruments executed pursuant hereto are cumulative, and recourse to one or more rights or remedies shall not constitute a waiver of the others or an election of remedies. It is mutually agreed that commercial reasonableness and good faith require the giving of no more than ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice of the time and place of any public sale of any Collateral or of the time after which any private sale or any other intended disposition thereof is to be made, and at any such public or private sale, subject to limitations of law, the Lender, its agents and/or nominees, may purchase the Collateral. If the net proceeds of any disposition of Collateral exceed the amount then due and owing, whether by acceleration, at maturity or otherwise, or on demand, such excess will be remitted to the Borrowers or whomsoever shall be entitled thereto. The Borrowers shall remain liable for any deficiency remaining after disposition of all Collateral.

If the Borrowers fail to perform or comply with any of their obligations contained herein, the Lender shall have the right, but shall not be obligated, to effect such performance or compliance and the Borrowers hereby, jointly and severally, promise to reimburse the Lender upon demand for such sums so expended, together with interest thereon at the Default Rate for the actual number of days elapsed from date of payment by the Lender to the date on which the Lender receives payment thereof from the Borrowers. Failure of the Borrowers to pay and promptly discharge the aforesaid debts and obligations shall constitute a separate Event of Default under this Agreement, but the payment of the same by the Lender shall not cure or constitute a waiver of such Event of Default. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, all payments

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received by the Lender from or on behalf of the Borrowers shall be applied by the Lender to any installment(s) due and payable under the Note as the Lender, in its sole discretion, may determine, without notice to or consent of Borrowers, the Borrowers hereby expressly waive (to the extent permitted by law) all rights to make or manifest any binding instruction upon the Lender as to application of such payments other than as herein provided. Acceptance by the Lender of partial payment(s) or partial performance by the Borrowers or by any other third party shall not be construed as a waiver of any Event of Default, nor shall the same affect or in any way impair the rights and remedies of the Lender hereunder.

u.Additional Rights. The Lender shall be entitled to the remedies described therein. In addition, the Borrowers hereby irrevocably appoint the Lender as its attorney-in-fact (which power shall be deemed irrevocable and coupled with an interest) to, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, execute, endorse and deliver any deed, conveyance, assignment or other instrument in writing as may be required to vest in the Lender any right, title or power which, by the terms hereof, are expressed to be conveyed to or conferred upon the Lender, including any documents and checks or drafts relating to or received in payment for any loss or damage under the policies of insurance required by the provisions of this Agreement hereof, but only to the extent that the same relates to the Collateral.

“ The Lender shall be entitled to the remedies described therein. In addition, the Borrowers hereby irrevocably appoint the Lender as its attorney-in-fact (which power shall be deemed irrevocable and coupled with an interest) to, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, execute, endorse and deliver any deed, conveyance, assignment or other instrument in writing as may be required to vest in the Lender any right, title or power which, by the terms hereof, are expressed to be conveyed to or conferred upon the Lender, including any documents and checks or drafts relating to or received in payment for any loss or damage under the policies of insurance required by the provisions of this Agreement hereof, but only to the extent that the same relates to the Collateral.

ARTICLE IX.

MISCELLANEOUS

“

v.Amendments, etc. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement nor consent to any departure by the Borrowers therefrom shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Lender and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given.

“ . No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement nor consent to any departure by the Borrowers therefrom shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Lender and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given.

w.Notices, etc. All notices and other communications provided for hereunder shall be in writing and mailed, facsimile transmitted or delivered as follows:

“ All notices and other communications provided for hereunder shall be in writing and mailed, facsimile transmitted or delivered as follows:

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To the Borrowers:

    Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp.

    Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp.

    Trust Company Complex

    Ajeltake Road

    Ajeltake Island

    Majuro MH 96960, Marshall Islands

With a copy to:

Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC

109 Long Wharf

Newport, Rhode Island 02840

Attention: Gianni Del Signore

    Facsimile: (401) 846-1520

To the Lender:

Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC

2059 Northlake Parkway

Tucker, Georgia 30084

Attention: Operations Manager

Facsimile: (___) ____________

With a copy to:

Patrick K. Cameron, Esq.

Baker, Donelson, Berman, Caldwell & Berkowitz

100 Light Street

Baltimore, Maryland 21202

Facsimile: (410) 547-0699

or to such other address as shall be designated by such party in a written notice to the other party. All such notices and communications shall, when mailed, be sent by first class registered mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested and be effective three (3) Business Days after being deposited in the U.S. mails addressed as aforesaid. All notices sent by facsimile transmission shall be effective when sent if on a Business Day at the recipient’s office and not later than 1:00 p.m. at the recipient’s office, providedthat (i) an appropriate answerback has been received by the sending party and (ii) such facsimile is confirmed by mailing to the receiving party, at its address given above, a copy of such facsimile transmission postage prepaid by first class mail (air mail, if international). All other forms of written notice or other communication shall be effective only upon receipt.

x.GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL IN ALL RESPECTS BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO THE CONFLICT OF LAW PRINCIPLES THEREOF OTHER THAN SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW OF SUCH STATE)..

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“ . THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL IN ALL RESPECTS BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO THE CONFLICT OF LAW PRINCIPLES THEREOF OTHER THAN SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW OF SUCH STATE)..

y.Consent to Jurisdiction; Service of Process; Waiver of Venue. Each of the Borrowers hereby irrevocably submits itself to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the appropriate Federal and state courts located in the State of New York for the purposes of any suit, action or other proceeding brought against it arising out of or under this Agreement or with respect to the subject matter hereof, and agrees that a summons and complaint commencing any suit, action or proceeding in such court shall be properly served if delivered personally or by registered mail or by overnight courier to such Borrower at its address set forth in Section 9.2 of this Agreement, or otherwise served under the laws of the State of New York, and to the extent permitted by applicable law, hereby waives, and agrees not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense, or otherwise, in any such suit, action or proceeding any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper, or that this Agreement or the subject matter hereof may not be enforced in or by such court. Nothing herein shall affect the right of the Lender to serve process in any other matter prescribed by law or the right of the Lender to bring legal proceedings in any other competent jurisdiction.

“ . Each of the Borrowers hereby irrevocably submits itself to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the appropriate Federal and state courts located in the State of New York for the purposes of any suit, action or other proceeding brought against it arising out of or under this Agreement or with respect to the subject matter hereof, and agrees that a summons and complaint commencing any suit, action or proceeding in such court shall be properly served if delivered personally or by registered mail or by overnight courier to such Borrower at its address set forth in Section 9.2 of this Agreement, or otherwise served under the laws of the State of New York, and to the extent permitted by applicable law, hereby waives, and agrees not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense, or otherwise, in any such suit, action or proceeding any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper, or that this Agreement or the subject matter hereof may not be enforced in or by such court. Nothing herein shall affect the right of the Lender to serve process in any other matter prescribed by law or the right of the Lender to bring legal proceedings in any other competent jurisdiction.

z.No Remedy Exclusive. Each and every right, power and remedy given to the Lender in this Agreement, the Note, the Mortgage, the Guarantee, and the other Loan Documents shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right, power and remedy herein or therein given now or hereafter existing at law, in equity, in admiralty, by statute or otherwise. Each and every right, power and remedy whether given therein or otherwise existing may be exercised from time to time as often and in such order as may be determined by the Lender, and neither the failure or delay in exercising any power or right nor the exercise or partial exercise of any right, power or remedy shall be construed to be a waiver of or acquiescence in any default therein; nor shall the acceptance of any security or of any payment of or on account of any loan, promissory note, advance, obligation, expense, interest or fees maturing after an Event of Default or of any payment on account of any past default shall be construed to be a waiver of any right to take advantage of any future default or of any past default not completely cured thereby.

“ . Each and every right, power and remedy given to the Lender in this Agreement, the Note, the Mortgage, the Guarantee, and the other Loan Documents shall be cumulative and in addition to every

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other right, power and remedy herein or therein given now or hereafter existing at law, in equity, in admiralty, by statute or otherwise. Each and every right, power and remedy whether given therein or otherwise existing may be exercised from time to time as often and in such order as may be determined by the Lender, and neither the failure or delay in exercising any power or right nor the exercise or partial exercise of any right, power or remedy shall be construed to be a waiver of or acquiescence in any default therein; nor shall the acceptance of any security or of any payment of or on account of any loan, promissory note, advance, obligation, expense, interest or fees maturing after an Event of Default or of any payment on account of any past default shall be construed to be a waiver of any right to take advantage of any future default or of any past default not completely cured thereby.

aa.Payment of Costs. Whether or not the transactions contemplated herein shall be consummated, the Borrowers hereby jointly and severally agree to pay (a) all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by the Lender (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) in connection with the preparation, execution and delivery of this Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any amendment to or modification of, or any waiver or consent under, the Loan Documents, or in connection with any of the transactions contemplated thereby, and (b) all losses, costs and expenses (including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) in connection with (i) the preservation of any rights of the Lender under, or legal advice in respect of, the rights or responsibilities of the Lender under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or (ii) the enforcement of any of the Loan Documents. The Borrowers further agree to indemnify and hold the Lender harmless from and against any documentary taxes, assessments or charges made by any governmental authority by reason of the execution, delivery, filing or recordation of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents.

“ . Whether or not the transactions contemplated herein shall be consummated, the Borrowers hereby jointly and severally agree to pay (a) all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by the Lender (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) in connection with the preparation, execution and delivery of this Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any amendment to or modification of, or any waiver or consent under, the Loan Documents, or in connection with any of the transactions contemplated thereby, and (b) all losses, costs and expenses (including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) in connection with (i) the preservation of any rights of the Lender under, or legal advice in respect of, the rights or responsibilities of the Lender under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or (ii) the enforcement of any of the Loan Documents. The Borrowers further agree to indemnify and hold the Lender harmless from and against any documentary taxes, assessments or charges made by any governmental authority by reason of the execution, delivery, filing or recordation of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents.

ab.Further Assurances. The Borrowers further agree to execute such other and further assurances and documents as in the opinion of the Lender are reasonably required to carry out the terms of this Agreement or of any of the other Loan Documents.

“ . The Borrowers further agree to execute such other and further assurances and documents as in the opinion of the Lender are reasonably required to carry out the terms of this Agreement or of any of the other Loan Documents.

ac.Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed an original but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by telecopier or facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.

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“ . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed an original but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by telecopier or facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.

ad.Headings. The titles of the Articles and the Section headings of this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of this Agreement.

“ . The titles of the Articles and the Section headings of this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of this Agreement.

ae.Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents shall be determined to be invalid or unenforceable for any reason, such determination shall not adversely affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or such other Loan Document which shall remain in full force and effect and the effect of such determination shall be limited to the territory or the jurisdiction in which made.

“ . If any term or provision of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents shall be determined to be invalid or unenforceable for any reason, such determination shall not adversely affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or such other Loan Document which shall remain in full force and effect and the effect of such determination shall be limited to the territory or the jurisdiction in which made.

af.Survival. The Borrowers’ agreements, representations, warranties and conditions contained in this Agreement and made pursuant to the provisions hereof shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement until the Note and all interest accrued thereon shall have been indefeasibly paid in full in accordance with the terms thereof, and any and all other moneys, payments, obligations and liabilities which the Borrowers shall have made, incurred or become liable for pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents shall have been indefeasibly paid in full or otherwise satisfied. All statements made by the Borrowers and contained in any certificate or other instrument delivered pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement shall constitute representations and warranties by the Borrowers under this Agreement.

“ . The Borrowers’ agreements, representations, warranties and conditions contained in this Agreement and made pursuant to the provisions hereof shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement until the Note and all interest accrued thereon shall have been indefeasibly paid in full in accordance with the terms thereof, and any and all other moneys, payments, obligations and liabilities which the Borrowers shall have made, incurred or become liable for pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents shall have been indefeasibly paid in full or otherwise satisfied. All statements made by the Borrowers and contained in any certificate or other instrument delivered pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement shall constitute representations and warranties by the Borrowers under this Agreement.

ag.WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EACH BORROWER HEREBY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING TO WHICH SUCH BORROWER AND THE LENDER MAY BE PARTIES ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY PERTAINING TO (A) THIS AGREEMENT OR (b) THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS. IT IS AGREED AND UNDERSTOOD THAT THIS WAIVER CONSTITUTES A WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY OF ALL CLAIMS AGAINST ALL PARTIES TO SUCH ACTIONS OR PROCEEDINGS. THIS WAIVER IS KNOWINGLY, WILLINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY MADE BY EACH BORROWER

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AND EACH BORROWER HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT NO REPRESENTATIONS OF FACT OR OPINION HAVE BEEN MADE BY ANY INDIVIDUAL TO INDUCE THIS WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY OR IN ANY WAY TO MODIFY OR NULLIFY ITS EFFECT. EACH BORROWER FURTHER REPRESENTS THAT IT HAS BEEN REPRESENTED IN THE SIGNING OF THIS AGREEMENT AND IN THE MAKING OF THIS WAIVER BY LEGAL COUNSEL, SELECTED OF ITS OWN FREE WILL, AND THAT IT HAS HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO DISCUSS THIS WAIVER WITH ITS COUNSEL.

“ . TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EACH BORROWER HEREBY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING TO WHICH SUCH BORROWER AND THE LENDER MAY BE PARTIES ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY PERTAINING TO (A) THIS AGREEMENT OR (b) THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS. IT IS AGREED AND UNDERSTOOD THAT THIS WAIVER CONSTITUTES A WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY OF ALL CLAIMS AGAINST ALL PARTIES TO SUCH ACTIONS OR PROCEEDINGS. THIS WAIVER IS KNOWINGLY, WILLINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY MADE BY EACH BORROWER AND EACH BORROWER HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT NO REPRESENTATIONS OF FACT OR OPINION HAVE BEEN MADE BY ANY INDIVIDUAL TO INDUCE THIS WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY OR IN ANY WAY TO MODIFY OR NULLIFY ITS EFFECT. EACH BORROWER FURTHER REPRESENTS THAT IT HAS BEEN REPRESENTED IN THE SIGNING OF THIS AGREEMENT AND IN THE MAKING OF THIS WAIVER BY LEGAL COUNSEL, SELECTED OF ITS OWN FREE WILL, AND THAT IT HAS HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO DISCUSS THIS WAIVER WITH ITS COUNSEL.

ah.Assignment. The Lender may assign any of its rights and obligations hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents, without notice to, or the consent of, the Borrowers and without any cost or expense to the Borrowers. The Lender may also sell to any other Person participations in the Loan, without notice to, or the consent of, the Borrowers. Without the prior consent of the Lender, the Borrowers may not assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents.

“ . The Lender may assign any of its rights and obligations hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents, without notice to, or the consent of, the Borrowers and without any cost or expense to the Borrowers. The Lender may also sell to any other Person participations in the Loan, without notice to, or the consent of, the Borrowers. Without the prior consent of the Lender, the Borrowers may not assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents.

ai.PATRIOT ACT.

The Borrowers hereby:

    a.     represent that all of the written information which the Borrowers have provided to the Lender in connection with the Loan, was true, correct and complete at the time it was given;

    b.     agree to provide any information deemed necessary by the anti-money laundering compliance officer of the Lender in its sole discretion (except information that (i) the Borrowers do not possess, (ii) is confidential, or (iii) for which the Borrowers are under an obligation not to disclose) to comply with the PATRIOT ACT, the Lender's anti-money laundering program and related responsibilities from time to time and warrant that all such information provided will be true, correct and complete at the time provided;

    c.     represent that they are entering into this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby solely for their own account, risk and beneficial interest and not for the account or beneficial interest of any third party; and

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    d.     represent, to their knowledge, that (a) they are not individuals, entities or organizations identified on (i) any Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) “watch list”, including, without limitation, OFAC's list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons, or (ii) any Federal Bureau of Investigation “watch list” or Bureau of Industry and Security list of unverified persons or denied persons, and it is not an affiliation of any kind with such an individual, entity or organization; and (b) they are not Persons or entities (i) that resident in or whose funds are transferred from or through, or (ii) that has operations in, a jurisdiction identified as non-cooperative by the Financial Action Task Force or sanctioned by OFAC.

aj.Currency Indemnity.

All payments made under or with respect to this Agreement or the Note shall be made in Dollars. If any payment due under or with respect to this Agreement is paid to the Lender in a currency (the “other currency”) other than Dollars for any reason whatsoever or if for the purpose of obtaining or enforcing a judgment or arbitration award in any court in any country it becomes necessary to convert into any other currency (the “judgment currency”) an amount due in Dollars under or with respect to this Agreement or the Note, then conversion shall be made, in the sole discretion of the Lender, at the rate of exchange (as defined below) prevailing on the date of payment, on the date of default or the Business Day before the day on which the judgment or arbitration award is rendered or the order for enforcement is issued, as the case may be (the “conversion date”); providedthat the Lender shall not be entitled to recover under this Section 9.15 any amount in judgment currency that exceeds on the conversion date the amount in Dollars due under or with respect to this Agreement. If there is a change in the rate of exchange prevailing between the conversion date and the date of actual payment of the amount due, the Borrowers shall jointly and severally pay such additional amounts (if any, but in any event not a lesser amount) as may be necessary to ensure that the amount paid in the other currency or in the judgment currency, as applicable, when converted at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of payment will produce the amount then due under or with respect to this Agreement in Dollars, and any excess over the amount due that is received or collected by the Lender shall be remitted to the Borrowers. Any amount due from the Borrowers under this Section shall be due as a separate debt and shall not be affected by a judgment or arbitration award being obtained for any other sums due under or in respect of this Agreement. The Lender will not be required to provide any proof or evidence of any actual loss. For purpose hereof, the term “rate of exchange” means the rate at which the Lender, in accordance with its normal procedure, is able on the relevant date to purchase Dollars in New York City, United States of America with the other currency or the judgment currency, as applicable, and includes any premium, taxes and costs of exchange payable in connection with such purchase of, or conversion into, U.S. Dollars.

ak.Exchange Control.

If either Borrower is or becomes subject to any exchange control laws or similar restrictions, then in order to ensure the prompt performance by such Borrower of its obligations hereunder, such Borrower shall obtain and maintain in force all required exchange control approvals, consents, licenses or other authorizations.

al.Joint and Several.

The liabilities, obligations and agreements of each Borrower hereunder and under the other Loan Documents shall in all cases be joint and several.

am.Electronic Signatures.

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This Agreement and any document, amendment, approval, consent, information, notice, certificate, request, statement, disclosure or authorization related to this Agreement or any other Loan Document (each, a “Communication”), including Communications required to be in writing, may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures. The Borrowers agree that any Electronic Signature on or associated with any Communication shall be valid and binding on the Borrowers to the same extent as a manual, original signature, and that any Communication entered into by Electronic Signature, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Borrowers enforceable against them in accordance with the terms thereof to the same extent as if a manually executed original signature was delivered. Any Communication may be executed in as many counterparts as necessary or convenient, including both paper and electronic counterparts, but all such counterparts are one and the same Communication. For the avoidance of doubt, the authorization under this Section 9.18 may include, without limitation, use or acceptance by the Lender of a manually signed paper Communication which has been converted into electronic form (such as scanned into PDF format), or an electronically signed Communication converted into another format, for transmission, delivery and/or retention. The Lender may, at its option, create one or more copies of any Communication in the form of an imaged Electronic Record (“Electronic Copy”), which shall be deemed created in the ordinary course of the such Person’s business, and destroy the original paper document. All Communications in the form of an Electronic Record, including an Electronic Copy, shall be considered an original for all purposes, and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Lender is under no obligation to accept an Electronic Signature in any form or in any format unless expressly agreed to by it pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided, further, without limiting the foregoing, (a) to the extent the Lender agrees to accept such Electronic Signature, the Lender shall be entitled to rely on any such Electronic Signature purportedly given by or on behalf of the Borrowers without further verification and (b) upon the request of the Lender, any Electronic Signature shall be promptly followed by such manually executed counterpart. For purposes hereof, “Electronic Record” and “Electronic Signature” shall have the meanings assigned to them, respectively, by 15 USC §7006, as it may be amended from time to time.

[Signature Page Follows]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

WITNESS:                    BANC OF AMERICA LEASING & CAPITAL, LLC

    By:

Name:

Title:

WITNESS:                    BULK NORDIC ORION (MI) CORP.

    By:

                         Name:

                         Title:

WITNESS:                    BULK NORDIC ODYSSEY (MI) CORP.

    By:

                         Name:

                         Title:

4822-8289-8388    

Exhibit A

Form of Approved Manager’s Undertaking

4822-8289-8388    1

Exhibit B

Form of Assignment of Earnings

4822-8289-8388    1

Exhibit C

Form of Assignment of Insurances

4822-8289-8388    1

Exhibit D

Form of Assignment of Time Charter and Time Charter Guaranty

4822-8289-8388    1

Exhibit E-1

Form of Guaranty Agreement

4822-8289-8388    1

Exhibit E-2

Form of Glencore Guarantee

4822-8289-8388    1

Exhibit F

Form of First Preferred Mortgage

4822-8289-8388    1

Exhibit G

Form of Note

4822-8289-8388    1

Exhibit H

Form of Stock Pledge Agreement

4822-8289-8388    1

Appendix A

Form of Compliance Certificate

4822-8289-8388    1

Appendix B

Form of Drawdown Notice

4822-8289-8388    1

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We have issued our report dated March 15, 2021, with respect to the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said report in the Registration Statements of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. on Forms S-3 (File No. 333-222476, File No. 333-252019, and File No. 333-252022) and Forms S-8 (File No. 333-234575, File No. 333-214557 and File No. 333-201333).

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Hartford, Connecticut

March 15, 2021

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Edward Coll, certify that:

1 I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.;

2 Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3 Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4 The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5 The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	March 15, 2021	/s/ Edward Coll
		Edward Coll
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Gianni DelSignore, certify that:

1 I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.;

2 Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3 Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4 The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5 The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	March 15, 2021	/s/ Gianni DelSignore
		Gianni DelSignore
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Edward Coll, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge: 

1 The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2 The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	March 15, 2021	/s/ Edward Coll
		Edward Coll
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Gianni DelSignore, Chief Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge: 

1 The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2 The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	March 15, 2021	/s/ Gianni DelSignore
		Gianni DelSignore
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Cover - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 15, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2020
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36798
Entity Registrant Name	PANGAEA LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS, LTD.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	D0
Entity Tax Identification Number	98-1205464
Entity Address, Address Line One	109 Long Wharf
Entity Address, City or Town	Newport
Entity Address, State or Province	RI
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	02840
City Area Code	401
Local Phone Number	846-7790
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Shares, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	PANL
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 20.4
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		45,618,206
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001606909
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 46,897,216	$ 50,555,091
Restricted cash	1,500,000	1,000,000
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $1,896,038 and $1,908,841 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively)	29,152,153	28,309,402
Bunker inventory	15,966,247	21,001,010
Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets	19,515,945	18,770,825
Vessels held for sale, net	0	8,319,152
Total current assets	113,031,561	127,955,480
Restricted cash	0	1,500,000
Fixed assets, net	276,741,751	281,474,857
Investment in newbuildings in-process	15,390,635	15,357,189
Vessels under finance lease	45,240,198	53,615,305
Total assets	450,404,145	479,902,831
Current liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	32,400,288	39,973,635
Related party notes payable	242,852	332,987
Deferred revenue	12,799,561	14,376,394
Current portion of long-term debt	57,382,674	22,990,674
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	6,978,192	12,549,208
Dividends payable	1,005,763	631,961
Total current liabilities	110,809,330	90,854,859
Secured long-term debt, net	44,507,708	83,649,717
Finance lease liabilities	50,520,294	57,498,217
Long-term liabilities - other - Note 11	10,135,408	4,828,364
Commitments and contingencies - Note 10
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 45,447,751 and 44,886,122 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively	4,545	4,489
Additional paid-in capital	159,581,415	157,504,895
Retained Earnings	23,179,805	12,736,580
Total Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. equity	182,765,765	170,245,964
Non-controlling interests	51,665,640	72,825,710
Total stockholders' equity	234,431,405	243,071,674
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 450,404,145	$ 479,902,831

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable	$ 1,896,038	$ 1,908,841
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares Issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	45,447,751	44,886,122
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	45,447,751	44,886,122

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Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)	3 Months Ended								6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 112,800,000	$ 103,700,000	$ 70,400,000	$ 95,900,000	$ 130,500,000	$ 118,900,000	$ 83,300,000	$ 79,600,000		$ 382,895,991	$ 412,197,819
Operating expenses:
Voyage expense	41,600,000	40,700,000	31,800,000	47,800,000	51,000,000.0	45,100,000	37,200,000	32,200,000		161,881,133	165,478,629
Charter hire expense	45,300,000	35,000,000.0	15,200,000	32,300,000	47,700,000	42,000,000.0	18,300,000	24,900,000		127,769,042	132,950,418
Vessel operating expenses	9,100,000	9,700,000	9,300,000	9,900,000	13,100,000	11,300,000	11,100,000	9,800,000		38,047,308	45,266,464
General and administrative	4,400,000	3,700,000	3,900,000	4,000,000.0	5,200,000	2,800,000	5,400,000	4,000,000.0		15,915,035	17,378,681
Depreciation and amortization	4,200,000	4,200,000	4,300,000	4,200,000	5,000,000.0	4,700,000	4,500,000	4,400,000		17,055,271	18,529,476
Loss on impairment of vessels	0	0	1,800,000	0	4,800,000	0	0	0	$ 1,800,000	1,801,039	4,751,143
Loss on sale of vessels	0	500,000	300,000	(100,000)	4,600,000	0	0	0		730,065	4,584,796
Total operating expenses	104,600,000	93,800,000	66,600,000	98,100,000	131,400,000	105,900,000	76,500,000	75,300,000		363,198,893	388,939,607
Income from operations	8,200,000	9,900,000	3,800,000	(2,200,000)	(900,000)	13,000,000.0	6,800,000	4,300,000		19,697,098	23,258,212
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense, net	(1,800,000)	(2,000,000.0)	(2,000,000.0)	(2,100,000)	(2,400,000)	(2,500,000)	(2,100,000)	(2,200,000)		(7,831,314)	(9,227,784)
Interest expense, related party	0	0	0	0	0	0	(100,000)	0		0	(50,241)
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments	1,400,000	0	1,400,000	(2,900,000)	500,000	(300,000)	200,000	2,300,000		(156,019)	2,753,834
Other income	0	300,000	100,000	600,000	(300,000)	200,000	200,000	200,000		982,345	314,847
Total other expense, net	(400,000)	(1,700,000)	(500,000)	(4,400,000)	(2,200,000)	(2,600,000)	(1,800,000)	300,000		(7,004,988)	(6,209,344)
Net income	7,900,000	8,200,000	3,300,000	(6,800,000)	(3,000,000.0)	10,400,000	5,200,000	4,500,000		12,692,110	17,048,868
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(300,000)	(700,000)	(300,000)	0	(1,400,000)	(2,100,000)	(1,100,000)	(800,000)		(1,339,930)	(5,390,910)
Net income attributable to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.	$ 7,600,000	$ 7,500,000	$ 3,000,000.0	$ (6,800,000)	$ (4,400,000)	$ 8,300,000	$ 4,100,000	$ 3,700,000		$ 11,352,180	$ 11,657,958
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ 0.17	$ 0.07	$ (0.16)	$ (0.10)	$ 0.19	$ 0.09	$ 0.09		$ 0.26	$ 0.27
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ 0.17	$ 0.07	$ (0.16)	$ (0.10)	$ 0.19	$ 0.09	$ 0.09		$ 0.26	$ 0.27
Weighted average shares used to compute earnings per common share
Basic (in shares)	43,489,698	43,488,241	43,445,789	43,341,005	42,819,589	42,817,933	42,767,785	42,601,227		43,417,879	42,752,413
Diluted (in shares)	44,337,242	43,510,961	43,445,789	43,341,005	42,819,589	43,354,742	43,293,022	43,071,632		43,817,348	43,267,178
Voyage revenue
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 98,200,000	$ 98,100,000	$ 66,900,000	$ 86,500,000	$ 118,600,000	$ 103,800,000	$ 77,400,000	$ 65,900,000		$ 349,738,153	$ 365,714,864
Charter revenue
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 14,600,000	$ 5,600,000	$ 3,500,000	$ 9,400,000	$ 11,900,000	$ 15,100,000	$ 5,900,000	$ 13,700,000		$ 33,157,838	$ 46,482,955

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Total	Total Pangaea Logistics  Solutions Ltd. Equity	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	Non-Controlling Interest
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018			43,998,560
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 233,366,997	$ 161,688,051	$ 4,400	$ 155,946,452	$ 5,737,199	$ 71,678,946
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share-based compensation	1,737,315	1,737,315		1,737,315
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures (in shares)			887,562
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures	(178,783)	(178,783)	$ 89	(178,872)
Contribution from Non-Controlling interest	422,519					422,519
Distribution to Non-Controlling interests	(4,666,665)					(4,666,665)
Common Stock Dividend	(4,658,577)	(4,658,577)			(4,658,577)
Net income	17,048,868	11,657,958			11,657,958	5,390,910
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	243,071,674	170,245,964	$ 4,489	157,504,895	12,736,580	72,825,710
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			44,886,122
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share-based compensation	2,314,940	2,314,940		2,314,940
Acquisition of Non-Controlling Interest	(22,500,000)					(22,500,000)
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures (in shares)			561,629
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures	(238,364)	(238,364)	$ 56	(238,420)
Common Stock Dividend	(908,955)	(908,955)			(908,955)
Net income	12,692,110	11,352,180			11,352,180	1,339,930
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 234,431,405	$ 182,765,765	$ 4,545	$ 159,581,415	$ 23,179,805	$ 51,665,640
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			45,447,751

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating activities
Net income	$ 12,692,110	$ 17,048,868
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization expense	17,055,271	18,529,476
Amortization of deferred financing costs	662,440	727,020
Amortization of prepaid rent	122,272	118,597
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative instruments	156,019	(2,753,834)
Income from equity method investee	(1,083,142)	(156,137)
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest recorded as interest expense	177,802	44,950
Provision for doubtful accounts	152,416	898,357
Loss on impairment of vessels	1,801,039	4,751,143
Loss on sales of vessels	730,065	4,584,796
Drydocking costs	(5,858,960)	(1,633,771)
Share-based compensation	2,314,940	1,737,315
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(995,167)	(725,972)
Bunker inventory	5,034,763	(2,425,497)
Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets	338,022	(6,247,268)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(10,887,555)	10,301,367
Deferred revenue	(1,576,833)	(340,678)
Net cash provided by operating activities	20,835,502	44,458,732
Investing activities
Purchase of vessels and vessel improvements	(2,892,776)	(41,350,536)
Proceeds from sale of vessels	11,666,507	10,388,723
Acquisition of non-controlling interest	(15,000,000)	0
Deposits on newbuildings in-process	(33,446)	(15,357,189)
Purchase of building and equipment	0	(283,244)
Purchase of derivative instrument	(628,000)	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,887,715)	(46,602,246)
Financing activities
Payments on related party notes payable	0	(2,595,000)
Proceeds from long-term debt	18,000,000	14,000,000
Payments of financing and issuance costs	(421,775)	(2,960,899)
Payments of long-term debt	(22,990,674)	(20,627,742)
Proceeds from finance leases	0	25,600,000
Payments on finance lease obligation	(12,548,938)	(6,602,265)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	0	(4,666,665)
Common stock accrued dividends paid	(535,153)	(8,090,213)
Cash paid for incentive compensation shares relinquished	(238,364)	(179,279)
Contributions from non-controlling interests recorded as long-term liability	0	4,783,414
Contributions from non-controlling interests	322,750	422,519
Payments to non-controlling interest recorded as long-term liability	(193,508)	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(18,605,662)	(916,130)
Net (decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4,657,875)	(3,059,644)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	53,055,091	56,114,735
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	48,397,216	53,055,091
Disclosure of noncash items
Cash paid for interest	7,149,210	9,250,743
Deferred consideration related to acquisition of non-controlling interest	$ 7,500,000	$ 0

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General Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

General Information

GENERAL INFORMATION

Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Pangaea”) provides seaborne drybulk logistics and transportation services. Pangaea utilizes its logistics expertise to service a broad base of industrial customers who require the transportation of a wide variety of drybulk cargoes, including grains, pig iron, hot briquetted iron, bauxite, alumina, cement clinker, dolomite and limestone. The Company addresses the logistics needs of its customers by undertaking a comprehensive set of services and activities, including cargo loading, cargo discharge, vessel chartering, voyage planning, and technical vessel management.

At December 31, 2020 the Company owned two Panamax, two Ultramax Ice Class 1C, and seven Supramax, and financed four vessels under finance lease obligations.

On September 28, 2020, the Company acquired an additional one-third equity interest in its partially-owned consolidated subsidiary Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. (“NBHC”) from one of NBHC’s shareholders. The Company owns two-thirds of NBHC after the acquisition. NBHC owns a fleet of six Panamax Ice Class 1A drybulk vessels. The Company also owned 50% interest in the owner of a deck barge.

The Company sold two vessels in the first quarter of 2020 and sold one vessel in the second quarter of 2020.

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Nature of Organization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Organization

NATURE OF ORGANIZATION

The consolidated financial statements include the operations of Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “the Company”), as well as other entities consolidated pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. A summary of the Company’s consolidation policy is provided in Note 3. A summary of the Company’s variable interest entities is provided at Note 4. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, entities that are consolidated pursuant to ASC 810-10 include the following wholly-owned subsidiaries:

•Bulk Partners (Bermuda) Ltd. (“Bulk Partners”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. The primary purpose of this corporation is a holding company.

•Phoenix Bulk Carriers (BVI) Limited (“PBC”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The primary purpose of this corporation is to provide logistics services to its customers, and to manage and operate ocean-going vessels.

•Phoenix Bulk Management Bermuda Limited (“PBM”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Certain of the administrative management functions of PBC have been assigned to PBM.

•Americas Bulk Transport (BVI) Limited – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The primary purpose of this corporation is to charter ships.

•Bulk Ocean Shipping (Bermuda) Ltd. – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. The primary purpose of this corporation is to manage the fuel procurement of the chartered vessels.

•Phoenix Bulk Carriers (US) LLC – a corporation that duly organized under the laws of Delaware. The primary purpose of this corporation is to act as the U.S. administrative agent for the Company.

•Allseas Logistics Bermuda Ltd. – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. The primary purpose of this corporation is the Treasury Agent for the group of Companies.

•Narragansett Bulk Carriers (US) Corp. - a corporation organized in July 2012 under the laws of Rhode Island. The primary purpose of this corporation is to manage and operate ocean-going vessels.

•Bulk Pangaea Limited (“Bulk Pangaea”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Pangaea was established in September 2009 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Pangaea.

•Bulk Patriot Ltd. (“Bulk Patriot”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Patriot was established in September 2011 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Patriot.

•Bulk Juliana Ltd. (“Bulk Juliana”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Juliana was established in March 2012 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Juliana.

•Bulk Trident Ltd. (“Bulk Trident”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Trident was established in August 2012 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Trident.

•Bulk Phoenix Ltd. (“Bulk Phoenix”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Phoenix was established in July 2013 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Newport.

•Nordic Bulk Barents Ltd. (“Bulk Barents”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Barents was established in November 2013 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Nordic Barents.

•Nordic Bulk Bothnia Ltd. (“Bulk Bothnia”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. Bulk Bothnia was established in November 2013 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Nordic Bothnia.

•109 Long Wharf LLC (“Long Wharf”) – a limited liability company that was duly organized under the laws of Delaware for the objective and purpose of holding real estate located in Newport, Rhode Island.

•Nordic Bulk Ventures (Cyprus) Limited (“NBV”) – a corporation that was duly organized in April 2009 under the laws of Cyprus. NBV is the holding company of Nordic Bulk Carriers AS (“NBC”). NBC specializes in ice trading, as well as the carriage of a wide range of commodities, including cement clinker, steel scrap, fertilizers, and grains.

•Nordic Bulk Carriers Singapore Pte. Ltd. ("NBS") - a corporation that was duly organized in March 2014 under the laws of Singapore. NBS focuses on chartering and operating bulk carriers trading in a wide range of commodities; and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NBC.

•Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd. (“BVH”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. BVH was established in August 2013 for the purpose of owning Bulk Nordic Five Ltd. (“Five”) and Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. (“Six”). Five and Six are corporations that were duly organized under the laws of Bermuda in November 2013 for the purpose of owning m/v Bulk Destiny and m/v Bulk Endurance, ultramax newbuildings delivered in January 2017. The Company acquired its joint venture partner's 50% interest in January 2017 for $0.8 million after which BVH is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

•Bulk Freedom Corp. (“Bulk Freedom”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Freedom was established in May 2017 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Freedom.

•Bulk Pride Corp. (“Bulk Pride”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Pride was established in October 2017 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Pride.

•Flintstone Ventures Limited ("FVL") - a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Province of Nova Scotia on March 17, 2017. FVL focuses on the carriage of specialized cargo.

•Bulk PODS Ltd. (“Bulk PODS”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk PODS was established in April 2018 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk PODS.

•Bulk Spirit Ltd. (“Bulk Spirit”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Spirit was established in October 2018 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Spirit.

•Bulk Independence Ltd. (“Bulk Independence”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Independence was established in May 2019 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Independence.

•Bulk Friendship Ltd. (“Bulk Friendship”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Friendship was established in September 2019 for the purpose of acquiring the m/v Bulk Friendship.

•Bulk Nordic Seven LLC. (“Bulk Seven”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Seven was established in April 2019 for the purpose of entering into new shipbuilding contract.

•Bulk Nordic Eight LLC. (“Bulk Eight”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Eight was established in April 2019 for the purpose of entering into a new shipbuilding contract.

•Bulk Nordic Nine LLC. (“Bulk Nine”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Nine was established in August 2019 for the purpose of entering into a new shipbuilding contract.

•Bulk Nordic Ten LLC. (“Bulk Ten”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Bulk Nine was established in August 2019 for the purpose of entering into a new shipbuilding contract.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, entities that are consolidated pursuant to ASC 810-10, but which are not wholly-owned, include the following: 

•Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. (“NBHC”) - a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of Bermuda. NBHC was established in October 2012, for the purpose of owning Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd. (“Bulk Odyssey”) and Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. (“Bulk Orion”) and to invest in additional vessels through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. On September 28, 2020, the Company acquired an additional one-third equity interest in its partially-owned consolidated subsidiary Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. (“NBHC”) from one of NBHC’s shareholders. The Company owns two-thirds equity interest of NBHC after the acquisition and the remainder one-third equity interest is owned by a third-party at December 31, 2020. The Company determined that NBHC is a VIE and that it is the primary beneficiary of NBHC, as it has the power to direct its activities through time charter arrangements with NBC covering all of its owned vessels. Accordingly, the Company has consolidated NBHC for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Bulk Odyssey, Bulk Orion, Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. (“Bulk Oshima”), Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. (“Bulk Olympic”), Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd. (“Bulk Odin”) and Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. (“Bulk Oasis”), corporations duly organized under the laws of Bermuda between March 2012 and February 2015, are owned by NBHC. These entities were established for the purpose of owning m/v Nordic Odyssey, m/v Nordic Orion, m/v Nordic Oshima, m/v Nordic Olympic, m/v Nordic Odin and m/v Nordic Oasis, respectively. On December 23, 2020 NBHC formed two new wholly owned subsidiaries, Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., and Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. for the purpose of transferring ownership of the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion to these companies respectively.

•Venture Logistics NL Inc. ("VLNL") - a corporation that was duly organized in the St. John’s, Canada on October 19, 2018. VLNL was established for the purpose of owning and operating a deck barge.

•Nordic Bulk Partners LLC. (“NBP”) – a corporation that was duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Island. NBP was established in September 2019 for the purpose of providing funding to Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten for the construction of four newbuilding vessels and subsequently at completion and delivery of the newbuilding vessels owning Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten. Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine and Bulk Ten are corporations that were duly organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands in September 2019 for the purpose of constructing and owning Post-Panamax newbuilding vessels expected to be delivered in 2021. At December 31, 2020 the Company had a 75% ownership interest in NBP, the remainder of which is owned by a third-party. At delivery of the newbuilding vessels NBP will ultimately be owned 50% by Pangaea and 50% by a third-party.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This summary of significant accounting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and have been applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The purpose of consolidated financial statements is to present the financial position and results of operations of a company and its subsidiaries as if the group were a single company. The first step in the Company’s consolidation policy is to determine whether an entity is to be evaluated for potential consolidation based on its outstanding voting interests or its variable interests. Accordingly, the Company first determines whether the entity is a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) pursuant to the provisions of ASC 810-10. If the entity is a VIE, consolidation is based on the entity’s variable interests and not its outstanding voting shares. If the entity is not determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates the entity based on its outstanding voting interests.

Amounts pertaining to the non-controlling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests held by third parties in the financial position and operating results of the Company’s subsidiaries and/or consolidated VIEs are reported as non-controlling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As part of the Company’s consolidation process, all intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the percentage completion of spot voyages, the establishment of the allowance for doubtful accounts and the estimate of salvage value used in determining vessel depreciation expense.

Revenue Recognition

Voyage revenues represent revenues earned by the Company, principally from providing transportation services under voyage charters. A voyage charter involves the carriage of a specific amount and type of cargo on a load port to discharge port basis, subject to various cargo handling terms. Under a voyage charter, the service revenues are earned and recognized ratably over the duration of the voyage. Estimated losses under a voyage charter are provided for in full at the time such losses become probable. Demurrage, which is included in voyage revenues, represents payments by the charterer to the vessel owner when loading and discharging time exceed the stipulated time in the voyage charter. Demurrage is measured in accordance with the provisions of the respective charter agreements and the circumstances under which demurrage revenues arise. Demurrage revenue is included in the calculation of voyage revenue and recognized ratably over the duration of the voyage to which it pertains. Voyage revenue recognized is presented net of address commissions.

Charter revenues relate to a time charter arrangement under which the Company is paid to provide transportation services on a per day basis for a specified period of time. Revenues from time charters are earned and recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter, as the vessel operates under the charter and do not fall under the scope of ASC 606, as defined below, revenue is not earned when vessels are offhire.

Costs incurred in fulfillment of a contract that meet certain criteria are deferred and recognized when or as the related performance obligations are satisfied. The contract fulfillment costs consist primarily of the fuel consumption that is incurred by the Company from the latter of the end of the previous vessel employment and the contract date until the arrival at the loading port in addition to any port expenses incurred prior to arrival at the load port, as well as any charter hire expenses for third party vessels that are chartered-in. The fuel consumption and any port expenses incurred prior to arrival at the load port during this period are capitalized and recorded in Bunker inventory and Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets, respectively in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized ratably over the total transit time of the voyage from arrival at the loading port until the vessel departs from the discharge port and expensed as part of Voyage expense. Similarly, for any third party vessels that are chartered-in, the charter hire expenses during this period are capitalized and recorded in Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized and expensed as part of Charter hire expense.

The performance obligations under our contracts are transportation services, which are received and consumed by our customers over time, as we perform the services. Revenues are recognized using the input method, proportionate to the days elapsed since the service commencement compared to the total days anticipated to complete the service. Under the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard, voyage revenue is recognized over the period between load port and discharge port. Costs to fulfill contracts for voyages for which loading has not commenced are recognized as assets and amortized pro rata over the period between load and discharge. Costs to obtain a contract are expensed as incurred, as provided by a practical expedient, since all such costs are expected to be amortized over less than one year.    

Assets and liabilities related to our voyage contracts with customers are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract assets also include accounts receivable for amounts billed and currently due from customers, which are reported at their net estimated realizable value. The Company maintains reserves against its accounts receivable for potential credit losses, which were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other contract assets include accrued receivables which arise when revenue is recognized in advance of billing for certain voyage contracts and hire paid to ship-owners in advance. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue which arises when amounts are billed to

or collected from customers in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

Deferred Revenue

Billings for services for which revenue is not recognized in the current period are recorded as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is expected to be realized within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

Voyage Expenses

The Company incurs expenses for voyage charters that include bunkers (fuel), port charges, canal tolls, broker commissions and cargo handling operations, which are expensed as incurred.

Charter Expenses

The Company charters in vessels to supplement its owned fleet to support its voyage charter operations. The Company hires vessels under time charters with third party vessel owners, and recognizes the charter hire payments as an expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter. Charter hire payments are typically made in advance, and the unrecognized portion is reflected as advance hire in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Under time charters, the vessel owner is responsible for the vessel operating costs such as crews, maintenance and repairs, insurance, and stores.

Vessel Operating Expenses

Vessel operating expenses (“VOE”) represent the cost to operate the Company’s owned vessels. VOE include crew wages and related costs, the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the cost of spares and consumables, other miscellaneous expenses, and technical management fees. Technical management services include day-to-day vessel operations, performing general vessel maintenance, ensuring regulatory and classification society compliance, arranging the hire of crew and purchasing stores, supplies and spare parts. These expenses are recognized as incurred.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, trade receivables and derivative instruments. The Company maintains its cash accounts with various high-quality financial institutions in the United States, Germany, and Bermuda. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. The Company does not believe that significant concentration of credit risk exists with respect to these cash equivalents. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, and do not bear interest. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, but does not require collateral. Historically, credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable has been considered minimal due to the long-standing relationships with significant customers, and their relative financial stability. However, current economic conditions could impact the collectibility of certain customers' trade receivables, which could have a material effect on the Company's results of operations. Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

At December 31, 2020, one customer accounted for 26% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable. At December 31, 2019, there were two customers that accounted for 26% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable.

At December 31, 2020, seventeen customers in the United States, seven customers in Brazil and seven customers in the United Arab Emirates accounted for 59% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2019, seventeen customers in the United States, fifteen customers in Switzerland and five customers in Canada accounted for 53% of accounts receivable.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, revenue from customers in each of the following countries accounted for at least 10% of total revenue; the United States (twenty-seven representing 28%), Switzerland (twenty-one representing 14%) and Canada (seven representing 12%). For the year ended December 31, 2019, revenue from customers in each of the following countries accounted for at least 10% of total revenue; the United States (twenty-eight representing 24%) Canada (six representing 13%) and Switzerland (eighteen representing 10%).

For the year ended December 31, 2020 one customer accounted for approximately 10% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 11% of total revenue.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash 

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term deposits with an original maturity of less than three months. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows:

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Money market accounts – cash equivalents	$	18,443,443	$	32,150,342
Cash (1)	28,453,773		18,404,749
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	46,897,216	$	50,555,091
Restricted cash	1,500,000		2,500,000
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	48,397,216	$	53,055,091

(1) Consists of cash deposits at various major banks.

Restricted cash at December 31, 2020 consists of $1.5 million held by the facility agent as required by the Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. and Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. – Dated September 28, 2015 - Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (See Note 8).

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company provides a specific reserve for significant outstanding accounts that are considered potentially uncollectible in whole or in part. In addition, the Company’s policy based on experience is to establish a reserve equal to approximately 25% of accounts receivable balances that are 30-180 days past due and approximately 50% of accounts receivable balances that are 180 or more days past due, and which are not otherwise reserved. The reserve estimates are adjusted as additional information becomes available, or as payments are made. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company has provided an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,896,038 and $1,908,841 respectively, for amounts that are not expected to be fully collected. The provision for doubtful accounts was $152,416 in 2020 and $898,357 in 2019. The Company wrote off $165,219 and $1,346,647 during 2020 and 2019, respectively, which amounts were previously included in the allowance, because these amounts were determined to be uncollectible.

Bunker Inventory

Inventory is primarily comprised of fuel oil purchased and stored onboard a vessel. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost under the first-in, first-out method or net realizable value.

Advanced Hire, Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Advance hire represents payment to ship owners under time-charters for days subsequent to the balance sheet date. Hire is typically paid in advance for the following fifteen days, but intervals vary by time-charter contract. Prepaid expenses include advance funding to the technical manager for vessel operating expenses, lubricating oils and stores kept on board owned vessels, certain voyage expenses paid in advance and direct costs incurred to fulfill a COA ("Contract of Affreightment"). These specifically identified costs are used to satisfy the contract and are expected to be recovered over the term of the COA. Such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis and charged equally to each of the voyages under the contract. Other assets include deposits held by counterparties to various derivative instruments and the fair value of derivative instruments when it exceeds the settlement price of the instrument.

At December 31, advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets were comprised of the following:

	2020		2019
Advance hire	$	5,026,953	$	3,985,826
Prepaid expenses	3,706,396		4,924,557
Accrued receivables	6,823,409		6,466,068
Margin Deposit	814,062		269,379
Other current assets	3,145,125		3,124,995
Total	$	19,515,945	$	18,770,825

Vessels and Depreciation

Vessels are stated at cost, which includes contract price and acquisition costs. Significant improvements to vessels are capitalized; maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the vessels are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the remaining estimated useful lives of the vessels (excluding the time a vessel is in dry dock), based on cost less salvage value. Each vessel’s salvage value is equal to the product of its lightweight tonnage and an estimated scrap rate of $300 per ton, which was determined by reference to quoted rates and is reviewed annually. The Company estimates the useful life of its vessels to be 25 years to 30 years from the date of initial delivery from the shipyard. The remaining estimated useful lives of the current fleet are 8 - 22 years. The Company does not incur depreciation expense when vessels are taken out of service for dry docking.

Vessels held for sale are carried at estimated fair value less cost to sell. No additional depreciation expense is recorded for vessels categorized as held for sale.   

Deferred Drydock Cost

Significant upgrades made to the vessels during dry docking are capitalized when incurred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the five year period until the next dry docking. Costs capitalized as part of the dry docking include direct costs incurred to meet regulatory requirements that add economic life to the vessel, that increase the vessel’s earnings capacity or which improve the vessel’s efficiency. Direct costs include the shipyard costs, parts, inspection fees, steel, blasting and painting. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs, whether incurred as part of the dry docking or not, are expensed as incurred. Unamortized dry-docking costs of vessels that are sold are written off and included in the calculation of the resulting gain or loss on sale.

Long-lived Assets Impairment Considerations

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its fixed assets and other assets in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amounts. If indicators of impairment are present, we perform an analysis of the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to be derived from the related long-lived assets. Our assessment is made at the asset group level, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other groups of assets. The asset groups established by the Company are defined by vessel size and major characteristic or trade.

The significant factors and assumptions used in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow analysis include the Company’s estimate of future time charter equivalent "TCE" rates based on current rates under existing charters and contracts. When existing contracts expire, the Company uses an estimated TCE based on actual results and extends these rates out to the end of the vessel’s useful life. TCE rates can be highly volatile, may affect the fair value of the Company’s vessels and may have a significant impact on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying amount of its fleet. Accordingly, the volatility is contemplated in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow by using a sensitivity analysis based on percent changes in the TCE rates. The Company prepares a series of scenarios in an attempt to capture the range of possible trends and outcomes. Projected net operating cash flows are net of brokerage and address commissions and assume no revenue on scheduled offhire days. The Company uses the current vessel operating expense budget, estimated costs of drydocking and historical general and administrative expenses as the basis for its expected outflows, and applies an inflation factor it considers appropriate. The net of these inflows and outflows, plus an estimated salvage value, constitutes the projected undiscounted future cash flows. If these projected cash flows do not exceed the carrying value of the asset group, an impairment charge would be calculated. Measurement of the impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset as provided by third parties.

The Company concluded that no triggering event had occurred during the first, third and fourth quarter of 2020 which would require impairment testing. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company determined that a triggering event occurred related to a sale of a vessel, as the carrying value exceeded its fair value. A loss on impairment of $1.8 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2020 when the Memorandum of Agreement was signed. The Company performed an impairment analysis on each asset group and concluded the estimated undiscounted future cash flows were higher than their carrying amount and as such, no additional loss on impairment was recognized.

At December 31, 2019, the Company had accepted an offer to sell the m/v Bulk Patriot below the carrying amount of the vessel, to be delivered in the first quarter of 2020. As a result, a loss on impairment of the vessel for an amount totaling $4.8 million, which was equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the agreed upon sale value less estimated costs to sell, was included in the consolidated statements of operations. The vessel has been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019. The Company identified additional potential triggering events that resulted from the loss recognized on the sale of other vessels in the fourth quarter of 2019 of $4.6 million.

As a result, the Company evaluated each asset group for impairment by estimating the total undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset group and its eventual disposal. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows were higher than the carrying amount of each asset group in the Company's fleet and as such, no other loss on impairment was recognized. No impairment indicator existed during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.   

Financing Costs

Qualifying expenses associated with commercial financing and fees paid to financial institutions to obtain financing are carried as a reduction of the outstanding debt and amortized over the term of the arrangement using the effective interest method. The unamortized portion is included as a reduction of secured long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets.

The components of net debt issuance costs and bank fees, which are included in secured long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Debt issuance costs and bank fees paid to financial institutions	$	6,547,299	$	9,302,292
Less: accumulated amortization	(2,650,091)		(5,164,419)
Unamortized debt issuance costs and bank fees	$	3,897,208	$	4,137,873
Amortization included in interest expense	$	662,440	$	727,020

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

The components of accounts payable and accrued expenses are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Accounts payable	$	18,678,099	$	24,173,291
Accrued expenses	10,654,357		14,883,555
Note Payable	2,500,000		—
Other accrued liabilities	567,832		916,789
Total	$	32,400,288	$	39,973,635

Taxation

The Company is not subject to corporate income taxes on its profits in Bermuda because Bermuda does not impose an income tax.

NBC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is subject to a Danish tonnage tax. NBC is not taxed on the basis of their actual income derived from their business but on an alternative income determination based on the net tons carrying capability

of their fleet. As the tax is not determined based on taxable income, NBC’s tax expense of approximately $578,000 and $458,000 is included within voyage expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Shipping income derived from sources outside the United States is not subject to any Unites States federal income tax. U.S. sourced income from the international operation of ships that is considered qualified income and earned by a qualified foreign corporation can also be considered exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. The exemption requires a number of tests be met including qualifying income earned subject to an equivalent exemption in a qualified country and a qualified foreign corporation meeting the qualified foreign country, qualified income, stock ownership tests and substantiation requirements.  The Company believes it meets all of the tests to qualify for an exemption from income under Internal Revenue Code section 883. To the extent the Company is unable to qualify for the exemption, the Company would be subject to U.S. federal income taxation of 4% of its U.S. shipping income on a gross basis without deductions. If certain other conditions are present, as defined in the Code, U.S. source shipping income, net of applicable deductions, may be subject to federal income tax of up to 21% and a 30% branch profits tax. The company believes that none of its U.S. source shipping income is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business.

Since earnings from shipping operations of the Company are not subject to U.S. or foreign income taxation, the Company has not recorded income tax expense, deferred tax assets or liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Where required, the Company complies with income tax filings in its various jurisdictions of operations. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company is not subject to U.S. federal or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

Restricted Common Share Awards

Compensation cost of restricted share awards is measured using the grant date fair value of the Company's common shares, as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market, multiplied by the total number of shares granted with no forfeiture rate applied. Compensation cost is amortized according to the vesting period indicated in the grant agreement. Total compensation cost recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is approximately $2,315,000 and $1,737,315, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Dividends

Dividends on common stock are recorded when declared by the Board of Directors. Refer to Note 9, "Common Stock and Non-controlling interest" for additional information related to common stock dividends. 

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent ownership interests attributable to third parties in certain consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs. The portion of equity not owned by us in such entities is reflected as Noncontrolling interests within the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets and, in the case of Redeemable noncontrolling interests, within the long-term liabilities section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted EPS is computed using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the amount of unrecognized compensation cost related to future services by employees who were awarded restricted shares is assumed to be used to repurchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The incremental shares (nonvested less repurchased) are considered to be outstanding for diluted EPS.

Foreign Exchange

The Company conducts all of its business in U.S. dollars; the functional currency of the Company is the US dollar. Accordingly, transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are measured and recorded in the functional currency at the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transactions. There are no foreign exchange transaction gains or losses reflected in the consolidated statements of income.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company accounts for derivatives in accordance with the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company uses interest rate swaps to reduce market risks associated with its operations, principally changes in variable interest rates on its bank debt. Additionally, the Company uses forward freight agreements to protect against changes in charter rates and bunker (fuel) swaps to protect against changes in fuel prices. The Company’s interest rate swaps, forward freight agreements (FFAs) and bunker swaps have not qualified for hedge accounting treatment. As such, unrealized and realized gains or losses are recognized as a component of Other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Derivative instruments are measured at fair value and are recorded as assets or liabilities.

The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the interest rate swaps, forward freight agreements and bunker hedges.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are components of a business that are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources. Based on the information that the CODM uses, including consideration of whether discrete financial information is available for the business activities, the Company has identified multiple operating segments which have been aggregated based on considerations such as the nature of its services, customers, operations and economic characteristics. The Company has determined that it operates under one reportable segment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s floating rate long-term debt approximates its fair value due to the variable interest rates associated with these related credit facilities.

At December 31, 2020, the Company has seven fully fixed rate debt facilities and one facility which is fixed in part. At December 31, 2019, the Company has five fully fixed rate debt facilities and four facilities of which are fixed in part. The aggregate carrying amounts and fair values of the long-term debt associated with the fixed rate borrowing arrangements are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Carrying amount of fixed rate long-term debt	$	93,401,776	$	90,245,646
Fair value of fixed rate long-term debt	$	95,434,525	$	92,279,147

Fair values of these debt obligations were estimated based on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues of debt with the same remaining maturities, which is considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820.

Leases

At the beginning of the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), and additional ASUs issued to clarify and update the guidance in ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the “new leases standard”), which modifies lease accounting for lessees to increase transparency and comparability by recording lease assets and liabilities for operating leases and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted the new leases standard utilizing the modified retrospective transition method, under which amounts in prior periods presented were not restated. At transition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the standard, which eliminates the reassessment of past leases, classification and initial direct costs. The Company did not elect to use hindsight to reassess lease terms or impairment at the adoption date because the practical expedient pertaining to land easements did not apply to the Company.

The amendments in this Update also provide lessors with a practical expedient, by class of underlying asset, to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component and, instead, to account for those components as a single component if both of the following are met:

1. The timing and pattern of transfer of the non-lease component(s) and associated lease component are the same.

2. The lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease.

The Company elected to use this practical expedient when it adopted the lessor provisions of this Update as the Company believes both criteria noted above are met. As a result, the operating lease component and the vessel operating expense non-lease component in a time charter are reported as a single component.

During time charter agreements, the charterers have substantive decision-making rights to direct how and for what purpose the vessel is used. As such, the Company had identified that time charter agreements contain a lease. Accordingly, the Company accounts for amounts earned under these agreements in accordance with Topic 842. During time charter agreements, the Company is responsible for operating and maintaining the vessels. These costs are recorded as vessel operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

At December 31, 2020, the Company had twelve vessels chartered to customers under time charters that contain leases. These twelve leases varied in original length from 20 days to 83 days. At December 31, 2020, lease payments due under these arrangements totaled approximately $2,404,000 and each of the time charters were due to be completed in thirty days or less. The Company does not have any sales-type or direct financing leases.

Adoption of the lessee provisions of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements because the Company does not have any vessels chartered in (operating leases) for longer than one year and the practical expedient relating to leases with terms of 12 months or less was elected. Furthermore, the Company's finance lease right of use assets and finance lease liabilities were referred to as "assets under finance lease" and "obligations under finance leases" in prior period financial statements, but no other changes resulted from adoption of the standard. In addition, the Company has two non-cancelable office leases and non-cancelable office equipment leases and the lease assets and liabilities are not material.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. Companies can apply the ASU immediately, however the guidance will only be available until December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. For most financial assets, such as trade and other receivables, loans and other instruments, this standard changes the current incurred loss model to a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The new standard is effective for the Company at the beginning of 2023. Entities are required to apply the provisions of the standard through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently assessing the new guidance and its impact on its consolidated financial statements, and it intends to adopt the guidance when it becomes effective in the first quarter of 2023.

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Variable Interest Entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Variable Interest Entity, Measure of Activity [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entities

VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company has evaluated all of its wholly and partially-owned entities, as well as entities with common ownership or other relationships, pursuant to ASC 810. A summary of the Company’s consolidation policy is provided in Note 3. The Company has concluded that Bulk Pangaea, Bulk Patriot, Bulk Juliana, Bulk Atlantic, Bulk Trident, Bulk Phoenix, Bulk Barents, Bulk Bothnia, Bulk Freedom, Bulk Pride, Bulk PODS, Bulk Spirit, Bulk Independence, Bulk Friendship, NBH, Long Wharf, NBHC, BVH, NBP, FVL, VBC, and VNLN are the VIEs at December 31, 2020 and 2019. We consolidate a VIE when we have a variable interest in an entity for which we are the primary beneficiary such that we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The results of operations and financial position of these VIEs are included in our consolidated financial statements.

The aggregate carrying values of the VIEs’ assets and liabilities, after elimination of any intercompany transactions and balances, in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

(Dollars in millions, figures may not foot due to rounding)	December 31, 2020
	Ship-owning (1)		NBHC		NBC		Long Wharf		VLNL		NBP (3)
Total assets	$	100.9	$	129.3	$	37.2	$	2.0	$	1.3	$	19.7
Total liabilities	$	100.8	$	68.7	$	24.5	$	2.1	$	0.1	$	5.1
Total stockholders' (deficit)/equity	$	—	$	60.6	$	12.7	$	(0.1)	$	1.3	$	14.6
Non-controlling interest (2)	$	—	$	50.1	$	—	$	—	$	1.6	$	—

	December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions, figures may not foot due to rounding)	Ship-owning (1)		NBHC		NBC		Long Wharf		VBC		NBP (3)
Total assets	$	89.5	$	147.0	$	54.0	$	2.0	$	1.9	$	19.1
Total liabilities	$	116.6	$	67.9	$	40.9	$	2.2	$	0.2	$	4.8
Total stockholders' (deficit)/equity	$	(27.0)	$	79.1	$	13.1	$	(0.1)	$	1.7	$	14.3
Non-controlling interest (2)	$	—	$	71.0	$	—	$	—	$	1.8	$	—

(1)Includes all wholly-owned subsidiaries, refer to Note 2 "Nature of Organization" for additional information.

(2)Non-controlling interest is held by third parties.

(3)NBP was established in September 2019 for the purpose of providing funding to Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten for the construction of four newbuilding vessels and subsequently at completion and delivery of the newbuilding vessels owning Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten.

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Fixed Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Fixed Assets

FIXED ASSETS

At December 31, fixed assets consisted of the following: 

	2020		2019
Vessels and vessel upgrades	$	344,212,881	$	341,705,712
Capitalized dry docking	12,716,442		6,857,482
	356,929,323		348,563,194
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(82,887,697)		(69,636,742)
Vessels, vessel upgrades and capitalized dry docking, net	274,041,626		278,926,452
Land and building	2,541,085		2,541,085
Internal use software	2,318,247		1,932,640
Other fixed assets	4,859,332		4,473,725
Accumulated depreciation	(2,159,207)		(1,925,320)
Other fixed assets, net	2,700,125		2,548,405
Total fixed assets, net	$	276,741,751	$	281,474,857

At December 31, vessels under finance leases consisted of the following: 

	2020		2019
Vessels under finance lease	$	51,229,372	58,780,630
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,989,174)		(5,165,325)
Vessels under finance lease, net	$	45,240,198	$	53,615,305

The net carrying value of the Company’s fleet consists of the following: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Owned vessels
m/v BULK PANGAEA	$	13,636,241	$	14,988,076
m/v NORDIC ODYSSEY	24,481,390		22,897,029
m/v NORDIC ORION	22,625,141		23,688,812
m/v NORDIC OSHIMA	26,966,257		28,325,078
m/v NORDIC OLYMPIC	27,341,460		28,094,764
m/v NORDIC ODIN	27,421,649		27,931,771
m/v NORDIC OASIS	28,029,024		29,190,935
m/v BULK ENDURANCE	24,024,593		25,037,775
m/v BULK NEWPORT	11,966,186		12,975,767
m/v BULK FREEDOM	9,457,640		8,269,777
m/v BULK PRIDE	14,628,727		12,996,311
m/v BULK SPIRIT (1)	12,849,322		12,867,060
m/v BULK INDEPENDENCE	14,020,964		14,000,946
m/v BULK FRIENDSHIP	13,431,253		14,052,500
MISS NORA G. PEARL	3,161,779		3,609,851
	$	274,041,626	$	278,926,452
Vessels under finance lease (2)
m/v BULK PODS	13,095,023		13,445,308
m/v BULK DESTINY	$	20,636,264	$	21,484,733
m/v BULK TRIDENT	11,508,911		12,095,727
m/v BULK BEOTHUK	—		6,589,537
	$	45,240,198	$	53,615,305

(1)On October 26, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase a 2009 built Supramax (m/v Bulk Spirit) for $13.0 million, and placed a deposit of $1.95 million. The vessel was delivered in February 2019.

(2)Refer to Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," of our Financial Statements for additional information related to the vessels under finance lease.

The Company capitalized dry-docking costs on three vessels in 2020 and 2019. The 5 year amortization period of the capitalized dry docking costs is within the remaining useful life of these vessels.

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Margin Accounts, Derivatives and Fair Value Measures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Margin Accounts, Derivatives and Fair Value Measures

MARGIN ACCOUNTS, DERIVATIVES AND FAIR VALUE MEASURES

Margin Accounts

During December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was party to forward freight agreements and fuel swap contracts in order to mitigate the risk associated with volatile freight rates and fuel prices. Under the terms of these contracts, the Company is required to deposit funds in margin accounts if the market value of the hedged item declines. The funds are required to remain in margin accounts as collateral until the market value of the items being hedged return to preset limits. The margin accounts are included in advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019. 

Forward Freight Agreements

The Company assesses risk associated with fluctuating future freight rates and, when appropriate, hedges identified economic risk with appropriate derivative instruments, specifically FFAs. These economic hedges do not usually qualify for hedge accounting under ASC 815 and as such, the usage of such derivatives can lead to fluctuations in the Company’s reported results from operations on a period-to-period basis.

Fuel Swap Contracts

The Company continuously monitors the market volatility associated with bunker prices and seeks to reduce the risk of such volatility through a bunker hedging program. The Company enters into fuel swap contracts that are not designated for hedge accounting under ASC 815 and as such, the usage of such derivatives can lead to fluctuations in the Company’s reported results from operations on a period-to-period basis.

Interest rate cap

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract. In January 2020, the Company entered into four interest rate cap contracts with total notional amount of $22.8 million at a cost of $628,000 to mitigate the risk associated with increases in interest rates on our sale and lease back financing arrangements of the four new-building vessels. In the event that the three-month LIBOR rate rises above the applicable strike rate of 3.25%, the Company would receive quarterly payments related to the spread difference. These interest rate cap agreements do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s forward freight agreements and fuel swap contracts are based on market prices obtained from an independent third-party valuation specialist based on published indices. Such quotes represent the estimated amounts the Company would receive or pay to terminate the contracts. The interest rate caps contracts are valued using analysis obtained from independent third party valuation specialists based on market observable inputs, representing Level 2 assets.

The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	Asset Derivative					Liability Derivative
Derivative instruments	Balance Sheet Location	12/31/2020		12/31/2019		Balance Sheet Location	12/31/2020		12/31/2019
Margin accounts (1)	Other current assets	$	814,062	$	269,379	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	—
Forward freight agreements (2)	Other current assets	$	—	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	163,335	$	149,760
Fuel swap contracts (2)	Other current assets	$	—	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	47,667	$	322,313
Interest rate cap (2)	Other current assets	$	210,910	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	—

(1) The fair value measurements were all categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

(2) These fair value measurements were all categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, in order of priority are as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our Level 1 fair value measurements include cash, money-market accounts and restricted cash accounts.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable.

Level 3 – Inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions).

The following table presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments
	For the year ended December 31,
Derivative instruments	2020		2019
Forward freight agreements	$	(13,575)	$	(89,820)
Fuel Swap Contracts	$	274,646	$	2,843,654
Interest rate cap	$	(417,090)	$	—

The estimated fair values of the Company’s forward freight agreements and fuel swap contracts are based on market prices obtained from an independent third-party valuation specialist. Such quotes represent the estimated amounts the Company would receive to terminate the contracts.

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Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Amounts and notes payable to related parties consist of the following:

	December 31, 2019		Activity		December 31, 2020
Included in trade accounts receivable and voyage revenue on the consolidated balance sheets and statements of income, respectively:
Trade receivables due from King George Slag(i)	$	457,629	$	(350,670)	$	106,959
Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets:
Trade payables due to Seamar (ii)	$	5,679,768	$	(1,528,576)	$	4,151,192
Included in current related party notes payable on the consolidated balance sheets:
Interest payable – 2011 Founders Note	332,987		(90,135)		242,852
Promissory Note	—		—		—
Total current related party notes payable	$	332,987	$	(90,135)	$	242,852

 

i.King George Slag LLC is a joint venture of which the Company owns 25%.

ii.Seamar Management S.A. ("Seamar")

There was no related party dividends payable at December 31, 2020 and the related party dividends payable was $478,359 at December 31, 2019. Refer to Note 9, "Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest," of the Company's Financial Statements for additional information.

Under the terms of a technical management agreement between the Company and Seamar Management S.A. (Seamar), an equity method investee, Seamar is responsible for the day-to-day operation of some of the Company’s owned vessels. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred technical management fees of 2,761,800 and $3,364,200 under this arrangement, which is included in vessel operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The total amounts payable to Seamar at December 31, 2020 and 2019, (including amounts due for vessel operating expenses), were $4,151,192 and $5,679,768, respectively.

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Secured Long-term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Secured Long-term Debt

SECURED LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consists of the following:  

	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Interest Rate (%) (1)		Maturity Date
Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	$	25,466,300	$	28,466,300	4.01	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	—		12,854,405		N/A		December 2020
Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (2)	12,004,295		13,504,295		2.48	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	14,000,000		15,500,000		4.30	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (2)	18,000,000		—		2.95	%	December 2027
The Amended Senior Facility - Dated May 13, 2019 (formerly The Amended Senior Facility - Dated December 21, 2017) (3)
–Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. - Tranche A (3)	12,233,329		13,299,997		3.69	%	May 2024
–Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. - Tranche B (3)	2,590,000		2,850,000		1.93	%	May 2024
–Bulk Pride - Tranche C (3)	5,200,000		6,300,000		4.69	%	May 2024
–Bulk Independence - Tranche E (3)	12,500,000		13,500,000		2.84	%	May 2024
Bulk Freedom Loan Agreement	3,200,000		3,800,000		4.03	%	June 2022
109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan	593,666		703,266		2.14	%	April 2026
Total	$	105,787,590	$	110,778,263
Less: unamortized bank fees	(3,897,208)		(4,137,872)
	$	101,890,382	$	106,640,391
Less: current portion	(57,382,674)		(22,990,674)
Secured long-term debt, net	$	44,507,708	$	83,649,717

(1)As of December 31, 2020.

(2)The borrowers under this facility are owned by NBHC. The Company has two-third's ownership interest and STST has one-third ownership interest in NBHC. NBHC is consolidated in accordance with ASC 810-10 and as such, amounts pertaining to the non-controlling ownership held by the third parties in the financial position of NBHC are reported as non-controlling interest in the accompanying balance sheets.

(3)This facility is cross-collateralized by the vessels m/v Bulk Endurance, m/v Bulk Pride, and m/v Bulk Independence and is guaranteed by the Company.

Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. And Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. – Dated September 28, 2015 - Amended and Restated Loan Agreement

The amended agreement advanced $21,750,000 in respect of each the m/v Nordic Odin and the m/v Nordic Olympic; $13,500,000 in respect of each the m/v Nordic Odyssey and the m/v Nordic Orion, and $21,000,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Oshima.

The agreement requires repayment of the advances as follows:

In respect of the Odin and Olympic advances, repayment to be made in 28 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 per borrower (one of which was paid prior to the amendment by each borrower) and balloon payments of $11,233,150 due with each of the final installments in October 2021.

In respect of the Odyssey and Orion advances, repayment to be made in 20 quarterly installments of $375,000 per borrower and balloon payments of $5,677,203 due with each of the final installments in September 2020. In September 2020 the Company amended the facility to make an additional quarterly installment of $375,000 per borrower and extend the balloon payments to December 2020 which were paid in full on December 23, 2020.

In respect of the Oshima advance, repayment to be made in 28 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 and a balloon payment of $11,254,295 due with the final installment in October 2021.

Interest on 50% of the advances to Odin and Olympic was fixed at 3.95% in January 2017. Interest on the remaining advances to Odin and Olympic was floating at LIBOR plus 2.0% and was fixed at 4.07% on April 27, 2017. Interest on 50% of the advance to Oshima was fixed at 4.16% in January 2017. Interest on the remaining advance to Oshima is floating at LIBOR plus 2.25% (2.48% at December 31, 2020).

The amended loan is secured by first preferred mortgages on the m/v Nordic Odin, m/v Nordic Olympic and m/v Nordic Oshima, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the three entities, and by guarantees of their shareholders.

The amended agreement contains one financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain minimum liquidity and a collateral maintenance ratio clause, which requires the aggregate fair market value of the vessels plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with this clause.

The Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. - Loan Agreement - Dated December 11, 2015

The agreement advanced $21,500,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Oasis. The agreement requires repayment of the advance in 24 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 beginning on March 28, 2016 and a balloon payment of $12,500,000 due with the final installment in October 2021. Interest on this advance is fixed at 4.30%.

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Nordic Oasis, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with this covenant.

The Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility - Dated December 23, 2020.

The agreement advanced $18,000,000 in respect of the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion. The agreement requires repayment of the advance in 28 equal quarterly principal and interest installments of $571,821 beginning on March 23, 2021 and a balloon payment of $4,400,000 due with the final installment in December 2027. Interest on this advance is fixed at 2.95%.

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Nordic Odyssey and m/v Nordic Orion, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. As of December 31, 2020 the Company was in compliance with this covenant.

The Amended Senior Facility - Dated May 13, 2019 (previously identified as The Amended Senior Facility - Dated December 21, 2017)

On May 13, 2019, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Bulk Endurance, Bulk Pride and Bulk Independence entered into the Second Amendatory Agreement, (the "Second Amendment"), amending and supplementing the First Amendatory Agreement dated December 17, 2017. The Second Amendment advanced $14,000,000 under Tranche E in respect to the m/v Bulk Independence, extended maturity dates on Tranche A, B, and C to May 2024, and reduced applicable interest rate margin on Tranche A, B, and C to 1.70% for the first eight quarters following the drawdown of Tranche E, and 2.40% thereafter.

Bulk Endurance Tranche A and B

The amended agreement advanced $19,500,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Endurance on January 7, 2017, in two tranches. The agreement requires repayment of Tranche A, totaling $16,000,000, in three equal quarterly installments of $100,000 beginning on April 7, 2017 and 27 equal quarterly installments of $266,667. A balloon payment of $8,766,658 is due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 3.69% through March 2021, fixed at 4.39% through December 2021, and fixed at 3.46% thereafter. The agreement also advanced $3,500,000 under Tranche B, which is payable in 28 equal quarterly installments of $65,000 beginning on September 27, 2017, and a balloon payment of $1,745,000 due with the

final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance is floating at LIBOR plus 1.70% (1.93% at December 31, 2020) through March 2021, and thereafter at LIBOR plus 2.4%.

Bulk Pride Tranche C and D

The amended agreement advanced $10,000,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Pride on December 21, 2017, in two tranches. The agreement requires repayment of Tranche C, totaling $8,500,000, in 26 equal quarterly installments of $275,000 beginning in March 2018 and a balloon payment of $1,350,000 due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 4.69% through March 2021, fixed at 5.39% through December 2021, and fixed at 3.6% thereafter. The agreement also advanced $1,500,000 under Tranche D, which is payable in 4 equal quarterly installments of $375,000 beginning in September 2018. Tranche D was fully repaid in June 2019.

Bulk Independence Tranche E

The amended agreement advanced $14,000,000 under Tranche E in respect of the m/v Bulk Independence on May 13, 2019, which requires repayment of 20 equal quarterly installments of $250,000 beginning in September 2019 and a balloon payment of $9,000,000 due with the final installment in May 2024. Interest on this advance was fixed at 3.48% through March 31, 2020, fixed at 2.84% through December 31, 2021 and fixed at 3.54% thereafter.

The loan is secured by first preferred mortgages on the m/v Bulk Endurance, the m/v Bulk Pride and the m/v Bulk Independence, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a minimum liquidity requirement, positive working capital of the borrower and a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The Bulk Freedom Corp. Loan Agreement -- Dated June 14, 2017

The agreement advanced $5,500,000 in respect of the m/v Bulk Freedom on June 14, 2017. The agreement requires repayment of the loan in 8 quarterly installments of $175,000 and 12 quarterly installments of $150,000 beginning on September 14, 2017. A balloon payment of $2,300,000 is due on June 14, 2022 with the final installment. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 3.75% (4.03% at December 31, 2020).

The loan is secured by a first preferred mortgage on the m/v Bulk Freedom, the assignment of earnings, insurances and requisite compensation of the entity, and by guarantees of its shareholders. Additionally, the agreement contains a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan

Initial amount of $1,096,000 entered into on May 27, 2016. The Long Wharf Construction to Term Loan was repaid from the proceeds of this new facility. The loan is payable in 120 equal monthly installments of $9,133. Interest is floating at the 30 day LIBOR plus 2.00% (2.14% at December 31, 2020). The loan is collateralized by all real estate located at 109 Long Wharf, Newport, RI, and a corporate guarantee of the Company. The loan contains a maximum loan to value covenant and a debt service coverage ratio. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The future minimum annual payments under the debt agreements are as follows: 

	Years ending December 31,
2021	$	57,382,674
2022	7,965,048
2023	5,419,597
2024	24,292,430
2025	2,106,956
Thereafter	8,620,885
	$	105,787,590

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Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest

COMMON STOCK AND NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

Common stock

The Company has 100,000,000 shares of common stock ($0.0001 par value) authorized, of which 45,447,751 were issued as of December 31, 2020.

Restricted Securities

On August 12, 2019, the Company's shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2014 Plan that was adopted by the Board on May 14, 2019. The PANGAEA LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS LTD. 2014 SHARE INCENTIVE PLAN (as amended and restated by the Board of Directors on May 14, 2019), (the "Amended Plan"), increased the aggregate number of common shares with respect to which awards may be granted under the Amended Plan, such that the total number of shares made available for grant is 4,500,000.

At December 31, 2020, shares issued to employees under the Amended Plan totaled 2,964,124 after forfeitures. These restricted shares vest at the rate of one-third of the total granted on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the vesting commencement date.

Total non-cash compensation cost recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is $2,314,940 and $1,737,315, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of activity related to outstanding restricted securities for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 is presented in the table below:

	Restricted Shares	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested shares at December 31, 2018	1,461,923	$	2.89
Granted	958,480	$	2.94
Vested	(433,667)	$	2.83
Forfeited	(70,918)	$	3.20
Unvested shares at December 31, 2019	1,915,818	$	2.97
Granted	662,301	$	2.78
Vested	(748,026)	$	2.84
Forfeited	(4,667)	$	2.79
Unvested shares at December 31, 2020	1,825,426	$	2.96

	Fiscal Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Fair value of restricted shares vested	$	1,476,300	$	1,406,552
Unrecognized compensation cost for restricted shares	$	4,048,729	$	4,536,683
Weighted average remaining period to expense restricted shares (years)	3.41		3.14

Dividends

Dividends on common stock are recorded when declared by the Board of Directors. Dividends were declared and paid quarterly commencing in May 2019. In March 2020 the Company suspended its dividend due to the uncertainty caused by COVID-19 global pandemic, however it declared a quarterly cash divided in December 2020 which will be payable to shareholders of record as of March 1, 2021.

Dividends payable consist of the following:

	2013 common stock dividend (2)		Dividends payable on issued and outstanding common stock(1)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4,063,598	$	—	$	4,063,598
Accrued dividend	—		4,658,576		4,658,576
Paid in cash	(3,585,239)		(4,504,974)		(8,090,213)
Balance at December 31, 2019	478,359		153,602		631,961
Accrued dividend	—		908,955		908,955
Paid in cash	(478,359)		(56,794)		(535,153)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	—	$	1,005,763	$	1,005,763

(1) Accrued dividends on unvested restricted shares under the Company's incentive compensation plan, plus accrued dividends declared on December 2020 to all shareholders of record as of March 1, 2021.

(2) Payable to related parties.

Noncontrolling Interests

Amounts pertaining to the non-controlling ownership interest held by third parties in the financial position and operating results of the Company’s subsidiaries and/or consolidated VIEs are reported as non-controlling interest in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The non-controlling ownership interest attributable to NBHC and its wholly-owned shipowning subsidiaries amounts to approximately $50,067,000 and $71,003,403 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Non-controlling interest attributable to VBC was approximately $1,598,000 and $1,822,000 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Vessel Sales and Leasebacks Accounted for as Finance Leases (in accordance with ASC 840)

At December 31, 2020, the Company's fleet includes three vessels financed under sale and leaseback financing arrangements accounted for as finance leases in accordance with ASC 840, prior to adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. These leases are secured by the assignment of earnings and insurances and by guarantees of the Company.

The selling price of the m/v Bulk Destiny to the new owner (lessor) was $21.0 million and the fair value of the vessel at the inception of the lease was $24.0 million. The difference between the selling price and the fair value of the vessel was recorded as prepaid rent and is being amortized over the 25 year estimated useful life of the vessel. Prepaid rent is included in finance lease right of use assets (previously "vessels under capital lease") on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020. Minimum lease payments fluctuate based on three-month LIBOR and are payable quarterly over the seven year lease term, with a purchase obligation of $11.2 million due with the final lease payment in January 2024. Interest is floating at LIBOR plus 2.75% (2.98% including the margin, at inception of the lease). The Company will own this vessel at the end of the lease term. The lease contains a minimum liquidity requirement, positive working capital of the leasee and a collateral maintenance ratio clause which requires the fair market value of the vessel plus the net realizable value of any additional collateral previously provided, to remain above defined ratios. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The selling price of the m/v Bulk Beothuk was $7.0 million and the fair value was estimated to be the same. The lease is payable at $3,500 per day every fifteen days over the five year lease term, and a balloon payment of $4.0 million is due with the final lease payment in June 2022. The implied interest rate at inception was 11.83%. In January 2020 the Company completed an early buy-out of the lease for a purchase price of $5.5 million and the vessel was sold to an unrelated third party for a net sale price of $4.6 million on August 4, 2020.

The selling price of the m/v Bulk Trident was $13.0 million and the fair value was estimated to be the same. The Company simultaneously leased the vessel back from the buyer. The minimum lease payments fluctuate based on three-month LIBOR and are payable monthly over the eight-year lease term. The Company has the option to purchase the vessel at the end of the third year of the lease or thereafter, or in the case of default by the lessor, at any time during the lease term. Interest is floating at LIBOR plus 1.7% (1.93% including the margin, at December 31, 2020). The Company will own this vessel at the end of the lease term.

The selling price of the m/v Bulk PODS was $14.8 million and the fair value was estimated to be the same. The Company simultaneously leased the vessel back from the buyer. The minimum lease payments fluctuate based on three-month LIBOR and are payable monthly over the eight-year lease term. The Company has the option to purchase the vessel at the end of the third year of the lease or thereafter, or in the case of default by the lessor, at any time during the lease term. Interest is floating at LIBOR plus 1.7% (1.94% including the margin, at December 31, 2020). The Company will own this vessel at the end of the lease term.

Vessel Acquisition Accounted for as a Finance Lease (in accordance with new accounting guidance - ASC 842, adopted January 1, 2019)

In February 2019, the Company acquired the m/v Bulk Spirit for $13.0 million, which is the estimated fair value and simultaneously entered into a failed sale and leaseback of the vessel. The Company determined that the transfer of the vessel to the lessor was not a sale in accordance with ASC 606, because control of the vessel was not transferred to the lessor. The lease is classified as finance lease in accordance with ASC 842, because the lease transfers ownership of the vessel to the Company by the end of the lease term. The minimum lease payments include interest at 5.10% for the first five years. Interest fluctuates based on the three-month LIBOR for the remaining three years of the eight-year lease term. The Company has the option to purchase the vessel at the end of the second year of the lease or thereafter, or in the case of default by the lessor, at any time during the lease term. The Company is obligated to repurchase the vessel at the end of the lease term. A balloon payment of $3.9 million is due with the final lease payment in March 2027. This lease is secured by the assignment of earnings and insurances and by a guarantee of the Company.

In September 2019, the Company acquired the m/v Bulk Friendship for $14.1 million, which is the estimated fair value and simultaneously entered into a failed sale and leaseback of the vessel. The Company determined that the transfer of the vessel to the lessor was not a sale in accordance with ASC 606, because control of the vessel was not transferred to the lessor. The lease is classified as finance lease in accordance with ASC 842, because the lease includes a fixed price purchase option, which the Company expects to exercise at the end of the lease term. The minimum lease payments include imputed interest at 5.29%. The Company has the option to purchase the vessel at the end of the third year of the lease or thereafter, or in the case of default by the lessor, at any time during the lease term. In the event the Company has not exercised any of the purchase options during the term of the charter then the Company shall have a final purchase option to purchase the vessel at the end of the fifth year at a fixed price of $7.8 million. This lease is secured by the assignment of earnings and insurances and by a guarantee of the Company.

Vessel Newbuildings

During the second and third quarter of 2019, the Company entered into two vessel newbuilding contracts to build four new high ice class post-panamax 95,000 dwt dry bulk vessels. The new vessels, with a building cost of between approximately $37.7 million to $38.3 million each, are expected to be delivered in 2021. The Company has made deposits of $15.4 million for the four new vessels in 2019. The second installments of 20% are due and payable upon the earlier of, five months after launching of the vessels or delivery, and the final payments are due upon delivery of the vessels.

The Company entered into a series of transactions to finance its four new post-panamax dry bulk vessels, to be delivered in 2021, under sale and leaseback transactions. The agreements obligate the Company to sell the vessels upon completion of construction at the lesser of approximately $32 million or 85% of fair market value at closing. Following the sale, the Company is obligated to charter the vessels from the buyer under a bareboat charter for a period of 15 years with a purchase obligation of $2.5 million at the end of year 15. The Company has options to purchase the vessels at designated prices starting the sixth year after delivery of each vessel. The Company expects to account for these transactions as failed sale and leaseback transactions and classify the leases as finance leases.    

The Company has also entered into a LLC agreement with the non-controlling interest holder of NBP which includes certain obligations as described in Note 11.

Legal Proceedings and Claims

The Company is subject to certain asserted claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company intends to vigorously assert its rights and defend itself in any litigation that may arise from such claims. While the ultimate outcome of these matters could affect the results of operations of any one year, and while there can be no assurance with respect thereto, management believes that after final disposition, any financial impact to the Company would not be material to its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.    

Long-term Contracts Accounted for as Operating Leases

The Company leases office space for its Copenhagen operations. Since December 31, 2018, this lease continues on a month to month basis. The non-cancelable period is six months.

The Company leases office space for its Singapore operations. At December 31, 2020, the remaining lease term is eleven months.

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized approximately $0.2 million as lease expense for office leases in General and Administrative Expenses.

Future minimum lease payments under finance leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2020 were:

	Year ending December 31,
2021	$	9,380,057
2022	9,264,017
2023	9,148,487
2024	26,062,633
2025	5,443,736
Thereafter	7,576,832
Total minimum lease payments	$	66,875,762
Less amount representing interest	9,377,276
Present value of minimum lease payments	57,498,486
Less current portion	6,978,192
Long-term portion	$	50,520,294

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Other Long-Term Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Long-Term Liabilities

OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

In September 2019, the Company entered into an LLC agreement for the formation of NBP, that, at inception is owned 75% by the Company and 25% by an independent third party. NBP was established for the purpose of constructing and owning four new-build ice class post panamax vessels. During the construction phase of the vessel, the third party has committed to contribute additional funding and ultimately own 50% of NBP at the time of delivery of the new-build ice class post panamax vessels. The agreement contains both put and call option provisions. Accordingly, the Company may be obligated, pursuant to the put option, or entitled to, pursuant to the call option, to purchase the third party's interest in NBP beginning anytime after September 2026. The put option and call option are at fixed prices which are not significantly different from each other, starting at $4.0 million per vessel on the fourth anniversary from completion and delivery of each vessel and declining to $3.7 million per vessel on or after the seventh anniversary from completion and delivery of each vessel. If neither put nor call option is exercised, the Company is obligated to purchase the vessels from NBP at a fixed price. Pursuant to ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the Company has recorded the third party's interest in NBP of $4.8 million in Long term liabilities - Other at December 31, 2019. Earnings attributable to the third party’s interest in NBP are recorded in Interest expense, net, which resulted in additional interest expenses of $177,802 and $44,950, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

On September 28, 2020, the Company acquired an additional one-third equity interest in its partially-owned consolidated subsidiary NBHC from its shareholders. The Company owned a one-third of equity interest of NBHC, a joint-venture formed in October 2012 for the purpose of owning Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd. (“Bulk Odyssey”) and Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. (“Bulk Orion”) and to invest in additional vessels through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The acquisition increases the Company’s equity interest in NBHC to 66.7%. The purchase price of the equity interest was $22.5 million, including a $15.0 million cash payment upon closing and $7.5 million of deferred consideration, at a six-month LIBOR plus 3.5%, in three equal installments of $2.5 million due on the first, second, and third anniversaries of September 28, 2020. The deferred consideration is recorded in "Other current liabilities" and "Long-term liabilities - other" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020. NBHC will continue to be a consolidated entity in the Company’s consolidated financial statements pursuant to ASC 810-10. The portion of NBHC not owned by the Company will continue to be recognized as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Unaudited Quarterly Data

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Quarterly Data

UNAUDITED QUARTERLY DATA

(Dollars in millions, except share and per share amounts. Figures may not foot due to rounding)	2020								2019
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4
Revenues:
Voyage revenue	$	86.5	$	66.9	$	98.1	$	98.2	$	65.9	$	77.4	$	103.8	$	118.6
Charter revenue	9.4		3.5		5.6		14.6		13.7		5.9		15.1		11.9
	95.9		70.4		103.7		112.8		79.6		83.3		118.9		130.5
Expenses:
Voyage expense	47.8		31.8		40.7		41.6		32.2		37.2		45.1		51.0
Charter hire expense	32.3		15.2		35.0		45.3		24.9		18.3		42.0		47.7
Vessel operating expenses	9.9		9.3		9.7		9.1		9.8		11.1		11.3		13.1
General and administrative	4.0		3.9		3.7		4.4		4.0		5.4		2.8		5.2
Depreciation and amortization	4.2		4.3		4.2		4.2		4.4		4.5		4.7		5.0
Loss on impairment of vessels	—		1.8		—		—		—		—		—		4.8
(Gain) loss on sale of vessel	(0.1)		0.3		0.5		—		—		—		—		4.6
Total expenses	98.1		66.6		93.8		104.6		75.3		76.5		105.9		131.4
Income/(loss) from operations	(2.2)		3.8		9.9		8.2		4.3		6.8		13.0		(0.9)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net	(2.1)		(2.0)		(2.0)		(1.8)		(2.2)		(2.1)		(2.5)		(2.4)
Interest expense related party notes payable	—		—		—		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments	(2.9)		1.4		—		1.4		2.3		0.2		(0.3)		0.5
Other income	0.6		0.1		0.3		—		0.2		0.2		0.2		(0.3)
Total other expense, net	(4.4)		(0.5)		(1.7)		(0.4)		0.3		(1.8)		(2.6)		(2.2)
Net (loss) income	(6.8)		3.3		8.2		7.9		4.5		5.2		10.4		(3.0)
(Income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		(0.3)		(0.7)		(0.3)		(0.8)		(1.1)		(2.1)		(1.4)
Net income attributable to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.	$	(6.8)	$	3.0	$	7.5	$	7.6	$	3.7	$	4.1	$	8.3	$	(4.4)
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	(0.16)	$	0.07	$	0.17	$	0.17	$	0.09	$	0.09	$	0.19	$	(0.10)
Diluted	$	(0.16)	$	0.07	$	0.17	$	0.17	$	0.09	$	0.09	$	0.19	$	(0.10)
Weighted average shares used to compute earnings per common share
Basic	43,341,005		43,445,789		43,488,241		43,489,698		42,601,227		42,767,785		42,817,933		42,819,589
Diluted	43,341,005		43,445,789		43,510,961		44,337,242		43,071,632		43,293,022		43,354,742		42,819,589

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In February 8, 2021 the Company entered into a memorandum of agreement to purchase an Ultramax vessel to add to its operating fleet for $16.5 million. The vessel is expected to be delivered to the Company by May 2021.

In March 3, 2021 the Company entered into a memorandum of agreement to purchase an Panamax vessel to add to its operating fleet for $18.3 million. The vessel is expected to be delivered to the Company in the second quarter of 2021.

On March 8, 2021, the Company obtained a commitment letter from its lenders for a new six year $53 million senior secured term loan facility. The proceeds from the new senior secured loan will be used to refinance in full the balloon amounts on the Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd., Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. and Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreements which is expected to be completed within March of 2021.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The purpose of consolidated financial statements is to present the financial position and results of operations of a company and its subsidiaries as if the group were a single company. The first step in the Company’s consolidation policy is to determine whether an entity is to be evaluated for potential consolidation based on its outstanding voting interests or its variable interests. Accordingly, the Company first determines whether the entity is a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) pursuant to the provisions of ASC 810-10. If the entity is a VIE, consolidation is based on the entity’s variable interests and not its outstanding voting shares. If the entity is not determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates the entity based on its outstanding voting interests.

Amounts pertaining to the non-controlling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests held by third parties in the financial position and operating results of the Company’s subsidiaries and/or consolidated VIEs are reported as non-controlling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As part of the Company’s consolidation process, all intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the percentage completion of spot voyages, the establishment of the allowance for doubtful accounts and the estimate of salvage value used in determining vessel depreciation expense.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Voyage revenues represent revenues earned by the Company, principally from providing transportation services under voyage charters. A voyage charter involves the carriage of a specific amount and type of cargo on a load port to discharge port basis, subject to various cargo handling terms. Under a voyage charter, the service revenues are earned and recognized ratably over the duration of the voyage. Estimated losses under a voyage charter are provided for in full at the time such losses become probable. Demurrage, which is included in voyage revenues, represents payments by the charterer to the vessel owner when loading and discharging time exceed the stipulated time in the voyage charter. Demurrage is measured in accordance with the provisions of the respective charter agreements and the circumstances under which demurrage revenues arise. Demurrage revenue is included in the calculation of voyage revenue and recognized ratably over the duration of the voyage to which it pertains. Voyage revenue recognized is presented net of address commissions.

Charter revenues relate to a time charter arrangement under which the Company is paid to provide transportation services on a per day basis for a specified period of time. Revenues from time charters are earned and recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter, as the vessel operates under the charter and do not fall under the scope of ASC 606, as defined below, revenue is not earned when vessels are offhire.

Costs incurred in fulfillment of a contract that meet certain criteria are deferred and recognized when or as the related performance obligations are satisfied. The contract fulfillment costs consist primarily of the fuel consumption that is incurred by the Company from the latter of the end of the previous vessel employment and the contract date until the arrival at the loading port in addition to any port expenses incurred prior to arrival at the load port, as well as any charter hire expenses for third party vessels that are chartered-in. The fuel consumption and any port expenses incurred prior to arrival at the load port during this period are capitalized and recorded in Bunker inventory and Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets, respectively in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized ratably over the total transit time of the voyage from arrival at the loading port until the vessel departs from the discharge port and expensed as part of Voyage expense. Similarly, for any third party vessels that are chartered-in, the charter hire expenses during this period are capitalized and recorded in Advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized and expensed as part of Charter hire expense.

The performance obligations under our contracts are transportation services, which are received and consumed by our customers over time, as we perform the services. Revenues are recognized using the input method, proportionate to the days elapsed since the service commencement compared to the total days anticipated to complete the service. Under the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard, voyage revenue is recognized over the period between load port and discharge port. Costs to fulfill contracts for voyages for which loading has not commenced are recognized as assets and amortized pro rata over the period between load and discharge. Costs to obtain a contract are expensed as incurred, as provided by a practical expedient, since all such costs are expected to be amortized over less than one year.    

Assets and liabilities related to our voyage contracts with customers are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract assets also include accounts receivable for amounts billed and currently due from customers, which are reported at their net estimated realizable value. The Company maintains reserves against its accounts receivable for potential credit losses, which were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other contract assets include accrued receivables which arise when revenue is recognized in advance of billing for certain voyage contracts and hire paid to ship-owners in advance. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue which arises when amounts are billed to

or collected from customers in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

Deferred Revenue

Billings for services for which revenue is not recognized in the current period are recorded as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is expected to be realized within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

Vessel Operating Expenses

Vessel operating expenses (“VOE”) represent the cost to operate the Company’s owned vessels. VOE include crew wages and related costs, the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the cost of spares and consumables, other miscellaneous expenses, and technical management fees. Technical management services include day-to-day vessel operations, performing general vessel maintenance, ensuring regulatory and classification society compliance, arranging the hire of crew and purchasing stores, supplies and spare parts. These expenses are recognized as incurred.

Voyage Expenses

Voyage Expenses

The Company incurs expenses for voyage charters that include bunkers (fuel), port charges, canal tolls, broker commissions and cargo handling operations, which are expensed as incurred.

Charter Expenses

Charter Expenses

The Company charters in vessels to supplement its owned fleet to support its voyage charter operations. The Company hires vessels under time charters with third party vessel owners, and recognizes the charter hire payments as an expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the charter. Charter hire payments are typically made in advance, and the unrecognized portion is reflected as advance hire in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Under time charters, the vessel owner is responsible for the vessel operating costs such as crews, maintenance and repairs, insurance, and stores.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, trade receivables and derivative instruments. The Company maintains its cash accounts with various high-quality financial institutions in the United States, Germany, and Bermuda. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. The Company does not believe that significant concentration of credit risk exists with respect to these cash equivalents. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, and do not bear interest. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, but does not require collateral. Historically, credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable has been considered minimal due to the long-standing relationships with significant customers, and their relative financial stability. However, current economic conditions could impact the collectibility of certain customers' trade receivables, which could have a material effect on the Company's results of operations. Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include short-term deposits with an original maturity of less than three months.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company provides a specific reserve for significant outstanding accounts that are considered potentially uncollectible in whole or in part. In addition, the Company’s policy based on experience is to establish a reserve equal to approximately 25% of accounts receivable balances that are 30-180 days past due and approximately 50% of accounts receivable balances that are 180 or more days past due, and which are not otherwise reserved. The reserve estimates are adjusted as additional information becomes available, or as payments are made.

Bulk Inventory

Bunker Inventory

Inventory is primarily comprised of fuel oil purchased and stored onboard a vessel. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost under the first-in, first-out method or net realizable value.

Vessels Depreciation

Vessels and Depreciation

Vessels are stated at cost, which includes contract price and acquisition costs. Significant improvements to vessels are capitalized; maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the vessels are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the remaining estimated useful lives of the vessels (excluding the time a vessel is in dry dock), based on cost less salvage value. Each vessel’s salvage value is equal to the product of its lightweight tonnage and an estimated scrap rate of $300 per ton, which was determined by reference to quoted rates and is reviewed annually. The Company estimates the useful life of its vessels to be 25 years to 30 years from the date of initial delivery from the shipyard. The remaining estimated useful lives of the current fleet are 8 - 22 years. The Company does not incur depreciation expense when vessels are taken out of service for dry docking.

Vessels held for sale are carried at estimated fair value less cost to sell. No additional depreciation expense is recorded for vessels categorized as held for sale.

Dry Docking Expenses and Amortization

Deferred Drydock Cost

Significant upgrades made to the vessels during dry docking are capitalized when incurred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the five year period until the next dry docking. Costs capitalized as part of the dry docking include direct costs incurred to meet regulatory requirements that add economic life to the vessel, that increase the vessel’s earnings capacity or which improve the vessel’s efficiency. Direct costs include the shipyard costs, parts, inspection fees, steel, blasting and painting. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs, whether incurred as part of the dry docking or not, are expensed as incurred. Unamortized dry-docking costs of vessels that are sold are written off and included in the calculation of the resulting gain or loss on sale.

Long-Lived Assets Impairment Considerations

Long-lived Assets Impairment Considerations

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its fixed assets and other assets in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amounts. If indicators of impairment are present, we perform an analysis of the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to be derived from the related long-lived assets. Our assessment is made at the asset group level, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other groups of assets. The asset groups established by the Company are defined by vessel size and major characteristic or trade.

The significant factors and assumptions used in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow analysis include the Company’s estimate of future time charter equivalent "TCE" rates based on current rates under existing charters and contracts. When existing contracts expire, the Company uses an estimated TCE based on actual results and extends these rates out to the end of the vessel’s useful life. TCE rates can be highly volatile, may affect the fair value of the Company’s vessels and may have a significant impact on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying amount of its fleet. Accordingly, the volatility is contemplated in the undiscounted projected net operating cash flow by using a sensitivity analysis based on percent changes in the TCE rates. The Company prepares a series of scenarios in an attempt to capture the range of possible trends and outcomes. Projected net operating cash flows are net of brokerage and address commissions and assume no revenue on scheduled offhire days. The Company uses the current vessel operating expense budget, estimated costs of drydocking and historical general and administrative expenses as the basis for its expected outflows, and applies an inflation factor it considers appropriate. The net of these inflows and outflows, plus an estimated salvage value, constitutes the projected undiscounted future cash flows. If these projected cash flows do not exceed the carrying value of the asset group, an impairment charge would be calculated. Measurement of the impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset as provided by third parties.

The Company concluded that no triggering event had occurred during the first, third and fourth quarter of 2020 which would require impairment testing. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company determined that a triggering event occurred related to a sale of a vessel, as the carrying value exceeded its fair value. A loss on impairment of $1.8 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2020 when the Memorandum of Agreement was signed. The Company performed an impairment analysis on each asset group and concluded the estimated undiscounted future cash flows were higher than their carrying amount and as such, no additional loss on impairment was recognized.

At December 31, 2019, the Company had accepted an offer to sell the m/v Bulk Patriot below the carrying amount of the vessel, to be delivered in the first quarter of 2020. As a result, a loss on impairment of the vessel for an amount totaling $4.8 million, which was equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the agreed upon sale value less estimated costs to sell, was included in the consolidated statements of operations. The vessel has been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019. The Company identified additional potential triggering events that resulted from the loss recognized on the sale of other vessels in the fourth quarter of 2019 of $4.6 million.

As a result, the Company evaluated each asset group for impairment by estimating the total undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset group and its eventual disposal. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows were higher than the carrying amount of each asset group in the Company's fleet and as such, no other loss on impairment was recognized. No impairment indicator existed during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Financing Costs

Financing Costs

Qualifying expenses associated with commercial financing and fees paid to financial institutions to obtain financing are carried as a reduction of the outstanding debt and amortized over the term of the arrangement using the effective interest method. The unamortized portion is included as a reduction of secured long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets.

Taxation

Taxation

The Company is not subject to corporate income taxes on its profits in Bermuda because Bermuda does not impose an income tax.

NBC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is subject to a Danish tonnage tax. NBC is not taxed on the basis of their actual income derived from their business but on an alternative income determination based on the net tons carrying capability

of their fleet. As the tax is not determined based on taxable income, NBC’s tax expense of approximately $578,000 and $458,000 is included within voyage expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Shipping income derived from sources outside the United States is not subject to any Unites States federal income tax. U.S. sourced income from the international operation of ships that is considered qualified income and earned by a qualified foreign corporation can also be considered exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. The exemption requires a number of tests be met including qualifying income earned subject to an equivalent exemption in a qualified country and a qualified foreign corporation meeting the qualified foreign country, qualified income, stock ownership tests and substantiation requirements.  The Company believes it meets all of the tests to qualify for an exemption from income under Internal Revenue Code section 883. To the extent the Company is unable to qualify for the exemption, the Company would be subject to U.S. federal income taxation of 4% of its U.S. shipping income on a gross basis without deductions. If certain other conditions are present, as defined in the Code, U.S. source shipping income, net of applicable deductions, may be subject to federal income tax of up to 21% and a 30% branch profits tax. The company believes that none of its U.S. source shipping income is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business.

Since earnings from shipping operations of the Company are not subject to U.S. or foreign income taxation, the Company has not recorded income tax expense, deferred tax assets or liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Where required, the Company complies with income tax filings in its various jurisdictions of operations. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company is not subject to U.S. federal or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

Restricted Common Share Awards

Restricted Common Share Awards

Compensation cost of restricted share awards is measured using the grant date fair value of the Company's common shares, as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market, multiplied by the total number of shares granted with no forfeiture rate applied. Compensation cost is amortized according to the vesting period indicated in the grant agreement. Total compensation cost recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is approximately $2,315,000 and $1,737,315, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Dividends

Dividends

Dividends on common stock are recorded when declared by the Board of Directors. Refer to Note 9, "Common Stock and Non-controlling interest" for additional information related to common stock dividends.

Noncontrolling Interest

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent ownership interests attributable to third parties in certain consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs. The portion of equity not owned by us in such entities is reflected as Noncontrolling interests within the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets and, in the case of Redeemable noncontrolling interests, within the long-term liabilities section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted EPS is computed using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the amount of unrecognized compensation cost related to future services by employees who were awarded restricted shares is assumed to be used to repurchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The incremental shares (nonvested less repurchased) are considered to be outstanding for diluted EPS.

Foreign Exchange

Foreign Exchange

The Company conducts all of its business in U.S. dollars; the functional currency of the Company is the US dollar. Accordingly, transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are measured and recorded in the functional currency at the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transactions. There are no foreign exchange transaction gains or losses reflected in the consolidated statements of income.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company accounts for derivatives in accordance with the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company uses interest rate swaps to reduce market risks associated with its operations, principally changes in variable interest rates on its bank debt. Additionally, the Company uses forward freight agreements to protect against changes in charter rates and bunker (fuel) swaps to protect against changes in fuel prices. The Company’s interest rate swaps, forward freight agreements (FFAs) and bunker swaps have not qualified for hedge accounting treatment. As such, unrealized and realized gains or losses are recognized as a component of Other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Derivative instruments are measured at fair value and are recorded as assets or liabilities.

The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the interest rate swaps, forward freight agreements and bunker hedges.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are components of a business that are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources. Based on the information that the CODM uses, including consideration of whether discrete financial information is available for the business activities, the Company has identified multiple operating segments which have been aggregated based on considerations such as the nature of its services, customers, operations and economic characteristics. The Company has determined that it operates under one reportable segment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s floating rate long-term debt approximates its fair value due to the variable interest rates associated with these related credit facilities.

At December 31, 2020, the Company has seven fully fixed rate debt facilities and one facility which is fixed in part. At December 31, 2019, the Company has five fully fixed rate debt facilities and four facilities of which are fixed in part. The aggregate carrying amounts and fair values of the long-term debt associated with the fixed rate borrowing arrangements are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Carrying amount of fixed rate long-term debt	$	93,401,776	$	90,245,646
Fair value of fixed rate long-term debt	$	95,434,525	$	92,279,147

Fair values of these debt obligations were estimated based on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues of debt with the same remaining maturities, which is considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820.

Leases

Leases

At the beginning of the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), and additional ASUs issued to clarify and update the guidance in ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the “new leases standard”), which modifies lease accounting for lessees to increase transparency and comparability by recording lease assets and liabilities for operating leases and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted the new leases standard utilizing the modified retrospective transition method, under which amounts in prior periods presented were not restated. At transition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the standard, which eliminates the reassessment of past leases, classification and initial direct costs. The Company did not elect to use hindsight to reassess lease terms or impairment at the adoption date because the practical expedient pertaining to land easements did not apply to the Company.

The amendments in this Update also provide lessors with a practical expedient, by class of underlying asset, to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component and, instead, to account for those components as a single component if both of the following are met:

1. The timing and pattern of transfer of the non-lease component(s) and associated lease component are the same.

2. The lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease.

The Company elected to use this practical expedient when it adopted the lessor provisions of this Update as the Company believes both criteria noted above are met. As a result, the operating lease component and the vessel operating expense non-lease component in a time charter are reported as a single component.

During time charter agreements, the charterers have substantive decision-making rights to direct how and for what purpose the vessel is used. As such, the Company had identified that time charter agreements contain a lease. Accordingly, the Company accounts for amounts earned under these agreements in accordance with Topic 842. During time charter agreements, the Company is responsible for operating and maintaining the vessels. These costs are recorded as vessel operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. Companies can apply the ASU immediately, however the guidance will only be available until December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. For most financial assets, such as trade and other receivables, loans and other instruments, this standard changes the current incurred loss model to a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The new standard is effective for the Company at the beginning of 2023. Entities are required to apply the provisions of the standard through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently assessing the new guidance and its impact on its consolidated financial statements, and it intends to adopt the guidance when it becomes effective in the first quarter of 2023.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows:

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Money market accounts – cash equivalents	$	18,443,443	$	32,150,342
Cash (1)	28,453,773		18,404,749
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	46,897,216	$	50,555,091
Restricted cash	1,500,000		2,500,000
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	48,397,216	$	53,055,091

(1) Consists of cash deposits at various major banks.

Advance Hire, Prepaid Expenses

At December 31, advance hire, prepaid expenses and other current assets were comprised of the following:

	2020		2019
Advance hire	$	5,026,953	$	3,985,826
Prepaid expenses	3,706,396		4,924,557
Accrued receivables	6,823,409		6,466,068
Margin Deposit	814,062		269,379
Other current assets	3,145,125		3,124,995
Total	$	19,515,945	$	18,770,825

Components of Net Debt Issuance Costs and Bank Fees

The components of net debt issuance costs and bank fees, which are included in secured long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Debt issuance costs and bank fees paid to financial institutions	$	6,547,299	$	9,302,292
Less: accumulated amortization	(2,650,091)		(5,164,419)
Unamortized debt issuance costs and bank fees	$	3,897,208	$	4,137,873
Amortization included in interest expense	$	662,440	$	727,020

Components of Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

The components of accounts payable and accrued expenses are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Accounts payable	$	18,678,099	$	24,173,291
Accrued expenses	10,654,357		14,883,555
Note Payable	2,500,000		—
Other accrued liabilities	567,832		916,789
Total	$	32,400,288	$	39,973,635

Summary of Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The aggregate carrying amounts and fair values of the long-term debt associated with the fixed rate borrowing arrangements are as follows: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Carrying amount of fixed rate long-term debt	$	93,401,776	$	90,245,646
Fair value of fixed rate long-term debt	$	95,434,525	$	92,279,147

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Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Variable Interest Entity, Measure of Activity [Abstract]

Schedule of Consolidated VIEs Balance Sheet

The aggregate carrying values of the VIEs’ assets and liabilities, after elimination of any intercompany transactions and balances, in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

(Dollars in millions, figures may not foot due to rounding)	December 31, 2020
	Ship-owning (1)		NBHC		NBC		Long Wharf		VLNL		NBP (3)
Total assets	$	100.9	$	129.3	$	37.2	$	2.0	$	1.3	$	19.7
Total liabilities	$	100.8	$	68.7	$	24.5	$	2.1	$	0.1	$	5.1
Total stockholders' (deficit)/equity	$	—	$	60.6	$	12.7	$	(0.1)	$	1.3	$	14.6
Non-controlling interest (2)	$	—	$	50.1	$	—	$	—	$	1.6	$	—

	December 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions, figures may not foot due to rounding)	Ship-owning (1)		NBHC		NBC		Long Wharf		VBC		NBP (3)
Total assets	$	89.5	$	147.0	$	54.0	$	2.0	$	1.9	$	19.1
Total liabilities	$	116.6	$	67.9	$	40.9	$	2.2	$	0.2	$	4.8
Total stockholders' (deficit)/equity	$	(27.0)	$	79.1	$	13.1	$	(0.1)	$	1.7	$	14.3
Non-controlling interest (2)	$	—	$	71.0	$	—	$	—	$	1.8	$	—

(1)Includes all wholly-owned subsidiaries, refer to Note 2 "Nature of Organization" for additional information.

(2)Non-controlling interest is held by third parties.

(3)NBP was established in September 2019 for the purpose of providing funding to Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten for the construction of four newbuilding vessels and subsequently at completion and delivery of the newbuilding vessels owning Bulk Seven, Bulk Eight, Bulk Nine, and Bulk Ten.

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Fixed Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment

At December 31, fixed assets consisted of the following: 

	2020		2019
Vessels and vessel upgrades	$	344,212,881	$	341,705,712
Capitalized dry docking	12,716,442		6,857,482
	356,929,323		348,563,194
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(82,887,697)		(69,636,742)
Vessels, vessel upgrades and capitalized dry docking, net	274,041,626		278,926,452
Land and building	2,541,085		2,541,085
Internal use software	2,318,247		1,932,640
Other fixed assets	4,859,332		4,473,725
Accumulated depreciation	(2,159,207)		(1,925,320)
Other fixed assets, net	2,700,125		2,548,405
Total fixed assets, net	$	276,741,751	$	281,474,857

At December 31, vessels under finance leases consisted of the following: 

	2020		2019
Vessels under finance lease	$	51,229,372	58,780,630
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,989,174)		(5,165,325)
Vessels under finance lease, net	$	45,240,198	$	53,615,305

Property Plant and Equipment Schedule of Significant Acquisitions

The net carrying value of the Company’s fleet consists of the following: 

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Owned vessels
m/v BULK PANGAEA	$	13,636,241	$	14,988,076
m/v NORDIC ODYSSEY	24,481,390		22,897,029
m/v NORDIC ORION	22,625,141		23,688,812
m/v NORDIC OSHIMA	26,966,257		28,325,078
m/v NORDIC OLYMPIC	27,341,460		28,094,764
m/v NORDIC ODIN	27,421,649		27,931,771
m/v NORDIC OASIS	28,029,024		29,190,935
m/v BULK ENDURANCE	24,024,593		25,037,775
m/v BULK NEWPORT	11,966,186		12,975,767
m/v BULK FREEDOM	9,457,640		8,269,777
m/v BULK PRIDE	14,628,727		12,996,311
m/v BULK SPIRIT (1)	12,849,322		12,867,060
m/v BULK INDEPENDENCE	14,020,964		14,000,946
m/v BULK FRIENDSHIP	13,431,253		14,052,500
MISS NORA G. PEARL	3,161,779		3,609,851
	$	274,041,626	$	278,926,452
Vessels under finance lease (2)
m/v BULK PODS	13,095,023		13,445,308
m/v BULK DESTINY	$	20,636,264	$	21,484,733
m/v BULK TRIDENT	11,508,911		12,095,727
m/v BULK BEOTHUK	—		6,589,537
	$	45,240,198	$	53,615,305

(1)On October 26, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase a 2009 built Supramax (m/v Bulk Spirit) for $13.0 million, and placed a deposit of $1.95 million. The vessel was delivered in February 2019.

(2)Refer to Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," of our Financial Statements for additional information related to the vessels under finance lease.

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Margin Accounts, Derivatives and Fair Value Measures (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	Asset Derivative					Liability Derivative
Derivative instruments	Balance Sheet Location	12/31/2020		12/31/2019		Balance Sheet Location	12/31/2020		12/31/2019
Margin accounts (1)	Other current assets	$	814,062	$	269,379	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	—
Forward freight agreements (2)	Other current assets	$	—	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	163,335	$	149,760
Fuel swap contracts (2)	Other current assets	$	—	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	47,667	$	322,313
Interest rate cap (2)	Other current assets	$	210,910	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	—

(1) The fair value measurements were all categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

(2) These fair value measurements were all categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value

The following table presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments
	For the year ended December 31,
Derivative instruments	2020		2019
Forward freight agreements	$	(13,575)	$	(89,820)
Fuel Swap Contracts	$	274,646	$	2,843,654
Interest rate cap	$	(417,090)	$	—

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Related Party Transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

Amounts and notes payable to related parties consist of the following:

	December 31, 2019		Activity		December 31, 2020
Included in trade accounts receivable and voyage revenue on the consolidated balance sheets and statements of income, respectively:
Trade receivables due from King George Slag(i)	$	457,629	$	(350,670)	$	106,959
Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets:
Trade payables due to Seamar (ii)	$	5,679,768	$	(1,528,576)	$	4,151,192
Included in current related party notes payable on the consolidated balance sheets:
Interest payable – 2011 Founders Note	332,987		(90,135)		242,852
Promissory Note	—		—		—
Total current related party notes payable	$	332,987	$	(90,135)	$	242,852

 

i.King George Slag LLC is a joint venture of which the Company owns 25%.

ii.Seamar Management S.A. ("Seamar")

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Secured Long-term Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments

Long-term debt consists of the following:  

	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Interest Rate (%) (1)		Maturity Date
Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd., Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	$	25,466,300	$	28,466,300	4.01	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd., Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	—		12,854,405		N/A		December 2020
Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd. Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (2)	12,004,295		13,504,295		2.48	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreement (2)	14,000,000		15,500,000		4.30	%	October 2021
Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (2)	18,000,000		—		2.95	%	December 2027
The Amended Senior Facility - Dated May 13, 2019 (formerly The Amended Senior Facility - Dated December 21, 2017) (3)
–Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. - Tranche A (3)	12,233,329		13,299,997		3.69	%	May 2024
–Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. - Tranche B (3)	2,590,000		2,850,000		1.93	%	May 2024
–Bulk Pride - Tranche C (3)	5,200,000		6,300,000		4.69	%	May 2024
–Bulk Independence - Tranche E (3)	12,500,000		13,500,000		2.84	%	May 2024
Bulk Freedom Loan Agreement	3,200,000		3,800,000		4.03	%	June 2022
109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan	593,666		703,266		2.14	%	April 2026
Total	$	105,787,590	$	110,778,263
Less: unamortized bank fees	(3,897,208)		(4,137,872)
	$	101,890,382	$	106,640,391
Less: current portion	(57,382,674)		(22,990,674)
Secured long-term debt, net	$	44,507,708	$	83,649,717

(1)As of December 31, 2020.

(2)The borrowers under this facility are owned by NBHC. The Company has two-third's ownership interest and STST has one-third ownership interest in NBHC. NBHC is consolidated in accordance with ASC 810-10 and as such, amounts pertaining to the non-controlling ownership held by the third parties in the financial position of NBHC are reported as non-controlling interest in the accompanying balance sheets.

(3)This facility is cross-collateralized by the vessels m/v Bulk Endurance, m/v Bulk Pride, and m/v Bulk Independence and is guaranteed by the Company.

Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt

The future minimum annual payments under the debt agreements are as follows: 

	Years ending December 31,
2021	$	57,382,674
2022	7,965,048
2023	5,419,597
2024	24,292,430
2025	2,106,956
Thereafter	8,620,885
	$	105,787,590

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Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity

A summary of activity related to outstanding restricted securities for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 is presented in the table below:

	Restricted Shares	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested shares at December 31, 2018	1,461,923	$	2.89
Granted	958,480	$	2.94
Vested	(433,667)	$	2.83
Forfeited	(70,918)	$	3.20
Unvested shares at December 31, 2019	1,915,818	$	2.97
Granted	662,301	$	2.78
Vested	(748,026)	$	2.84
Forfeited	(4,667)	$	2.79
Unvested shares at December 31, 2020	1,825,426	$	2.96

	Fiscal Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Fair value of restricted shares vested	$	1,476,300	$	1,406,552
Unrecognized compensation cost for restricted shares	$	4,048,729	$	4,536,683
Weighted average remaining period to expense restricted shares (years)	3.41		3.14

Schedule of Dividends Payable

Dividends payable consist of the following:

	2013 common stock dividend (2)		Dividends payable on issued and outstanding common stock(1)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4,063,598	$	—	$	4,063,598
Accrued dividend	—		4,658,576		4,658,576
Paid in cash	(3,585,239)		(4,504,974)		(8,090,213)
Balance at December 31, 2019	478,359		153,602		631,961
Accrued dividend	—		908,955		908,955
Paid in cash	(478,359)		(56,794)		(535,153)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	—	$	1,005,763	$	1,005,763

(1) Accrued dividends on unvested restricted shares under the Company's incentive compensation plan, plus accrued dividends declared on December 2020 to all shareholders of record as of March 1, 2021.

(2) Payable to related parties.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Finance Lease, Liability, Fiscal Year Maturity

Future minimum lease payments under finance leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2020 were:

	Year ending December 31,
2021	$	9,380,057
2022	9,264,017
2023	9,148,487
2024	26,062,633
2025	5,443,736
Thereafter	7,576,832
Total minimum lease payments	$	66,875,762
Less amount representing interest	9,377,276
Present value of minimum lease payments	57,498,486
Less current portion	6,978,192
Long-term portion	$	50,520,294

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Unaudited Quarterly Data (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information

(Dollars in millions, except share and per share amounts. Figures may not foot due to rounding)	2020								2019
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4
Revenues:
Voyage revenue	$	86.5	$	66.9	$	98.1	$	98.2	$	65.9	$	77.4	$	103.8	$	118.6
Charter revenue	9.4		3.5		5.6		14.6		13.7		5.9		15.1		11.9
	95.9		70.4		103.7		112.8		79.6		83.3		118.9		130.5
Expenses:
Voyage expense	47.8		31.8		40.7		41.6		32.2		37.2		45.1		51.0
Charter hire expense	32.3		15.2		35.0		45.3		24.9		18.3		42.0		47.7
Vessel operating expenses	9.9		9.3		9.7		9.1		9.8		11.1		11.3		13.1
General and administrative	4.0		3.9		3.7		4.4		4.0		5.4		2.8		5.2
Depreciation and amortization	4.2		4.3		4.2		4.2		4.4		4.5		4.7		5.0
Loss on impairment of vessels	—		1.8		—		—		—		—		—		4.8
(Gain) loss on sale of vessel	(0.1)		0.3		0.5		—		—		—		—		4.6
Total expenses	98.1		66.6		93.8		104.6		75.3		76.5		105.9		131.4
Income/(loss) from operations	(2.2)		3.8		9.9		8.2		4.3		6.8		13.0		(0.9)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net	(2.1)		(2.0)		(2.0)		(1.8)		(2.2)		(2.1)		(2.5)		(2.4)
Interest expense related party notes payable	—		—		—		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments	(2.9)		1.4		—		1.4		2.3		0.2		(0.3)		0.5
Other income	0.6		0.1		0.3		—		0.2		0.2		0.2		(0.3)
Total other expense, net	(4.4)		(0.5)		(1.7)		(0.4)		0.3		(1.8)		(2.6)		(2.2)
Net (loss) income	(6.8)		3.3		8.2		7.9		4.5		5.2		10.4		(3.0)
(Income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		(0.3)		(0.7)		(0.3)		(0.8)		(1.1)		(2.1)		(1.4)
Net income attributable to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.	$	(6.8)	$	3.0	$	7.5	$	7.6	$	3.7	$	4.1	$	8.3	$	(4.4)
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	(0.16)	$	0.07	$	0.17	$	0.17	$	0.09	$	0.09	$	0.19	$	(0.10)
Diluted	$	(0.16)	$	0.07	$	0.17	$	0.17	$	0.09	$	0.09	$	0.19	$	(0.10)
Weighted average shares used to compute earnings per common share
Basic	43,341,005		43,445,789		43,488,241		43,489,698		42,601,227		42,767,785		42,817,933		42,819,589
Diluted	43,341,005		43,445,789		43,510,961		44,337,242		43,071,632		43,293,022		43,354,742		42,819,589

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General Information General Information (Details)	3 Months Ended								6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) numberOfVessel vessel	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) vessel	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) vessel	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) numberOfVessel	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) vessel	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) numberOfVessel vessel	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 28, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of vessels	3									3
Number of dry bulk vessels financed under finance leases	4					4				4
Number of vessels sold			1	2					1
Loss on impairment of vessels | $	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,800,000	$ 0	$ 4,800,000	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,800,000	$ 1,801,039	$ 4,751,143
Panamax
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of vessels	2									2
Ultramax Ice Class 1C
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of vessels	2									2
Supramax
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of vessels	7									7
Panamax Ice Class 1A
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of vessels | numberOfVessel	6									6
Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd.
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Ownership percentage												66.67%
Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd. | Owner Of Deck Barge
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50.00%									50.00%

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Nature of Organization - (Details) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020 vessel	Sep. 28, 2020
Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Joint venture payment | $	$ 0.8
Ownership percentage	50.00%
Nordic Bulk Partners LLC.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage				75.00%
Nordic Bulk Partners LLC. | Third-Party
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage				25.00%
Nordic Bulk Partners LLC. | Forecast
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage			50.00%
Nordic Bulk Partners LLC. | Forecast | Third-Party
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage		50.00%	50.00%
Nordic Bulk Partners LLC.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of newbuilding vessels | vessel				4
Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage					66.67%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentration of Credit Risk (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Trade Accounts Receivable
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage	26.00%	26.00%
Accounts Receivable
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage	59.00%	53.00%
Sales Revenue, Net
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage	10.00%	11.00%
UNITED STATES | Sales Revenue, Net
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage	28.00%	24.00%
CANADA | Sales Revenue, Net
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage	12.00%	13.00%
SWITZERLAND | Sales Revenue, Net
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage	14.00%	10.00%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Cash, Cash Equivelants and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Money market accounts – cash equivalents	$ 18,443,443	$ 32,150,342
Cash	28,453,773	18,404,749
Total cash and cash equivalents	46,897,216	50,555,091
Restricted cash		2,500,000
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 48,397,216	$ 53,055,091	$ 56,114,735

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Restricted cash		$ 2,500,000
Bulk Nordic Odin, Bulk Nordic Olympic, Bulk Nordic Odyssey, Bulk Nordic Orion and Bulk Nordic Oshima Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 1,500,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 1,896,038	$ 1,908,841
Provision for doubtful accounts	152,416	898,357
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, uncollectible	$ 165,219	$ 1,346,647

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Advanced Hire, Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Advance hire	$ 5,026,953	$ 3,985,826
Prepaid expenses	3,706,396	4,924,557
Accrued receivables	6,823,409	6,466,068
Margin Deposit	814,062	269,379
Other current assets	3,145,125	3,124,995
Total	$ 19,515,945	$ 18,770,825

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Vessels and Depreciation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels Salvage Value Per Lightweight Ton	$ 300
Vessels useful life	5 years
Vessels | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels useful life	25 years
Vessels | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels useful life	30 years
Current Fleet | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels useful life	8 years
Current Fleet | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels useful life	22 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Long-lived Assets Impairment Considerations (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended								6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Loss on impairment of vessels	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,800,000	$ 0	$ 4,800,000	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,800,000	$ 1,801,039	$ 4,751,143
Loss on sales of vessels	$ 0	$ 500,000	$ 300,000	$ (100,000)	$ 4,600,000	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0		$ 730,065	$ 4,584,796

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net Debt Issuance Costs and Bank Fees (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Debt issuance costs and bank fees paid to financial institutions	$ 6,547,299	$ 9,302,292
Less: accumulated amortization	(2,650,091)	(5,164,419)
Unamortized debt issuance costs and bank fees	3,897,208	4,137,873
Amortization included in interest expense	$ 662,440	$ 727,020

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Accounts payable	$ 18,678,099	$ 24,173,291
Accrued expenses	10,654,357	14,883,555
Note Payable	2,500,000	0
Other accrued liabilities	567,832	916,789
Total	$ 32,400,288	$ 39,973,635

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Taxation (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 578	$ 458

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Restricted Common Share Awards (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Recognized cost for restricted stock issued as compensation	$ 2,314,940	$ 1,737,315

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Segments (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	1

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Carrying amount of fixed rate long-term debt	$ 93,401,776	$ 90,245,646
Fair value of fixed rate long-term debt	$ 95,434,525	$ 92,279,147

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) lease vessel
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of vessels chartered to customers | vessel		12
Lease payments | $		$ 2,404
Time charter, term to completion	15 years	30 days
Number of noncancelable office leases | lease		2
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessel lease term		20 days
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessel lease term		83 days

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Variable Interest Entities (Details)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) vessel	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 450,404,145	$ 479,902,831
Total stockholders' equity	234,431,405	243,071,674	$ 233,366,997
Ship-owning (1) | Variable Interest Entity
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	100,900,000	89,500,000
Carrying amount, liabilities	100,800,000	116,600,000
Total stockholders' equity	0	(27,000,000.0)
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity	0	0
NBC | Variable Interest Entity
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	37,200,000	54,000,000.0
Carrying amount, liabilities	24,500,000	40,900,000
Total stockholders' equity	12,700,000	13,100,000
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity	0	0
Long Wharf | Variable Interest Entity
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	2,000,000.0	2,000,000.0
Carrying amount, liabilities	2,100,000	2,200,000
Total stockholders' equity	(100,000)	(100,000)
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity	0	0
VLNL | Variable Interest Entity
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	1,300,000	1,900,000
Carrying amount, liabilities	100,000	200,000
Total stockholders' equity	1,300,000	1,700,000
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity	$ 1,600,000	1,800,000
NBP (3)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of newbuilding vessels | vessel	4
NBP (3) | Variable Interest Entity
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 19,700,000	19,100,000
Carrying amount, liabilities	5,100,000	4,800,000
Total stockholders' equity	14,600,000	14,300,000
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity	0	0
Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd. | Variable Interest Entity
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total assets	129,300,000	147,000,000.0
Carrying amount, liabilities	68,700,000	67,900,000
Total stockholders' equity	60,600,000	79,100,000
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity	$ 50,100,000	$ 71,000,000.0

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Fixed Assets - Schedule of fixed assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels	$ 356,929,323	$ 348,563,194
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(82,887,697)	(69,636,742)
Vessels, vessel upgrades and capitalized dry docking, net	274,041,626	278,926,452
Property, plant and equipment, gross	4,859,332	4,473,725
Accumulated depreciation	(2,159,207)	(1,925,320)
Other fixed assets, net	2,700,125	2,548,405
Total fixed assets, net	276,741,751	281,474,857
Vessels and vessel upgrades
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels	344,212,881	341,705,712
Capitalized dry docking
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels	12,716,442	6,857,482
Land and building
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	2,541,085	2,541,085
Internal use software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 2,318,247	$ 1,932,640

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Fixed Assets Fixed Assets - Vessels Under Capital Leases (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels under finance lease, net	$ 45,240,198	$ 53,615,305
Vessels
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels under finance lease	51,229,372	58,780,630
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,989,174)	(5,165,325)
Vessels under finance lease, net	$ 45,240,198	$ 53,615,305

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Fixed Assets - Net Carrying Value (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 26, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Feb. 28, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				$ 356,929,323	$ 348,563,194
Owned vessels, net				274,041,626	278,926,452
Vessels under finance lease				45,240,198	53,615,305
Finance lease right of use assets, net					53,615,305
Purchase of vessels				2,892,776	41,350,536
m/v BULK PANGAEA
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				13,636,241	14,988,076
m/v NORDIC ODYSSEY
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				24,481,390	22,897,029
m/v NORDIC ORION
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				22,625,141	23,688,812
m/v NORDIC OSHIMA
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				26,966,257	28,325,078
m/v NORDIC OLYMPIC
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				27,341,460	28,094,764
m/v NORDIC ODIN
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				27,421,649	27,931,771
m/v NORDIC OASIS
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				28,029,024	29,190,935
m/v BULK ENDURANCE
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				24,024,593	25,037,775
m/v BULK NEWPORT
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				11,966,186	12,975,767
m/v BULK FREEDOM
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				9,457,640	8,269,777
m/v BULK PRIDE
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				14,628,727	12,996,311
m/v BULK SPIRIT
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels	$ 1,950,000			12,849,322	12,867,060
Purchase of vessels	$ 13,000,000.0		$ 13,000,000.0
m/v BULK INDEPENDENCE
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				14,020,964	14,000,946
m/v BULK FRIENDSHIP
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				13,431,253	14,052,500
Purchase of vessels		$ 14,100,000
MISS NORA G. PEARL
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Owned vessels				3,161,779	3,609,851
m/v BULK PODS
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels under finance lease				13,095,023
Finance lease right of use assets, net					13,445,308
m/v BULK DESTINY
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels under finance lease				20,636,264
Finance lease right of use assets, net					21,484,733
m/v BULK TRIDENT
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels under finance lease				11,508,911
Finance lease right of use assets, net					12,095,727
m/v BULK BEOTHUK
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Vessels under finance lease				$ 0
Finance lease right of use assets, net					$ 6,589,537

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Fixed Assets -Additional Information (Details) - vessel	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Number of capitalized vessels	3	3
Vessels useful life	5 years

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Margin Accounts, Derivatives and Fair Value Measures - Interest Rate Caps (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($) numberOfContract numberOfVessel	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Purchase of derivative instrument		$ 628,000	$ 0
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) Swap Rate
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Variable rate		3.25%
Interest Rate Cap
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Number of interest rate cap contracts | numberOfContract	4
Derivative, notional amount	$ 22,800,000
Purchase of derivative instrument	$ 628,000
Number of new building vessels | numberOfVessel	4

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Margin Accounts, Derivatives and Fair Value Measures - Schedule of Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Margin accounts | Level 1
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivative	$ 814,062	$ 269,379
Liability Derivative	0	0
Forward freight agreements | Level 2
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivative	0	0
Liability Derivative	163,335	149,760
Fuel swap contracts | Level 2
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivative	0	0
Liability Derivative	47,667	322,313
Interest Rate Cap | Level 2
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivative	210,910	0
Liability Derivative	$ 0	$ 0

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Margin Accounts, Derivatives and Fair Value Measures - Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments	$ 1,400,000	$ 0	$ 1,400,000	$ (2,900,000)	$ 500,000	$ (300,000)	$ 200,000	$ 2,300,000	$ (156,019)	$ 2,753,834
Forward freight agreements
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments									(13,575)	(89,820)
Fuel swap contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments									274,646	2,843,654
Interest Rate Cap
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments									$ (417,090)	$ 0

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party debt	$ 242,852	$ 332,987
Current Related Party Debt
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party debt	242,852	332,987
Activity	(90,135)
King George Slag | Accounts Receivable
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Trade receivables due from related party	106,959	457,629
Activity	$ (350,670)
Ownership percentage	25.00%
Seamar | Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Trade payables due to related party	$ 4,151,192	5,679,768
Activity	(1,528,576)
Interest payable – 2011 Founders Note | Current Related Party Debt | Loans Payable
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party debt	242,852	332,987
Activity	(90,135)
Promissory Note | Current Related Party Debt | Loans Payable
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party debt	0	$ 0
Activity	$ 0

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Related Party Transactions Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Dividends payable	$ 1,005,763	$ 631,961	$ 4,063,598
Technical management fees	2,761,800	3,364,200
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | Seamar
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Trade payables due to related party	4,151,192	5,679,768
2013 common stock dividend
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Dividends payable	$ 0	$ 478,359	$ 4,063,598

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Secured Long-term Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 23, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 14, 2017	Dec. 11, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 105,787,590
Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	105,787,590		$ 110,778,263
Less: unamortized bank fees	(3,897,208)		(4,137,872)
Long-term debt	101,890,382		106,640,391
Less: current portion	(57,382,674)		(22,990,674)
Secured long-term debt, net	44,507,708		83,649,717
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odin Ltd, Bulk Nordic Olympic Ltd Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 25,466,300		28,466,300
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.01%
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odyssey Ltd, Bulk Nordic Orion Ltd, Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 0		12,854,405
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Oshima Ltd, Amended and Restated Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 12,004,295		13,504,295
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.48%
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 14,000,000		15,500,000
Debt instrument, face amount					$ 21,500,000
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.30%				4.30%
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 18,000,000		0
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 18,000,000
Interest rate, stated percentage	0.0295%	2.95%
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd, Tranche A
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 12,233,329		13,299,997
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd, Tranche A | Interest Rate Period One | Tranche A
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	3.69%
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd - Tranche B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 2,590,000		2,850,000
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd - Tranche B | Interest Rate Period One | Tranche B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	1.93%
Secured Debt | Bulk Pride Tranche C
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 5,200,000		6,300,000
Secured Debt | Bulk Pride Tranche C | Interest Rate Period One | Tranche C
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.69%
Secured Debt | Bulk Independence - Tranche E
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 12,500,000		13,500,000
Secured Debt | Bulk Independence - Tranche E | Interest Rate Period One | Tranche E
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.84%
Secured Debt | Bulk Freedom Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 3,200,000		3,800,000
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 5,500,000
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.03%
Secured Debt | 109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 593,666		$ 703,266
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.14%

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Secured Long-term Debt - Narrative (Details)										1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 23, 2020 USD ($) installment	May 13, 2019 USD ($) installment	Dec. 21, 2017 USD ($) installment	Jun. 14, 2017 USD ($) installment	Jan. 07, 2017 USD ($) tranche installment	May 27, 2016 USD ($) installment	Dec. 11, 2015 USD ($) installment	Sep. 28, 2015 USD ($) installment	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 27, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2017
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 105,787,590										$ 105,787,590
Secured Debt
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 105,787,590										$ 105,787,590	$ 110,778,263
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Oasis Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount								$ 21,500,000
Periodic payment, principal amount								375,000
Balloon payment to be paid								$ 12,500,000
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.30%							4.30%			4.30%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 14,000,000										$ 14,000,000	15,500,000
Secured Debt | m/v NORDIC OASIS
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Number of periodic payments | installment								24
Secured Debt | Bulk Freedom Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount					$ 5,500,000
Balloon payment to be paid					$ 2,300,000
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.03%										4.03%
Basis spread on variable rate					3.75%						4.03%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 3,200,000										$ 3,200,000	3,800,000
Secured Debt | 109 Long Wharf Commercial Term Loan
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount							$ 1,096,000
Number of periodic payments | installment							120
Periodic payment, principal amount							$ 9,133
Basis spread on variable rate							2.00%
Secured Debt | Bulk Endurance Senior Tranche Loan
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount						$ 16,000,000
Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odyssey (MI) Corp., Bulk Nordic Orion (MI) Corp. Senior Secured Term Loan Facility
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 18,000,000
Number of periodic payments | installment		28
Periodic payment, principal amount		$ 571,821
Balloon payment to be paid		$ 4,400,000
Interest rate, stated percentage	0.0295%	2.95%									0.0295%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 18,000,000										$ 18,000,000	$ 0
m/v Nordic Odin and m/v Nordic Olympic | Secured Debt
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount									$ 21,750,000
m/v Nordic Odin and m/v Nordic Olympic | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odin, Bulk Nordic Olympic, Bulk Nordic Odyssey, Bulk Nordic Orion and Bulk Nordic Oshima Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Number of periodic payments | installment									28
Periodic payment, principal amount									$ 375,000
Balloon payment to be paid									11,233,150
Interest rate, stated percentage													4.07%		4.16%
Odyssey and Orion | Secured Debt
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount									$ 13,500,000
Odyssey and Orion | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odin, Bulk Nordic Olympic, Bulk Nordic Odyssey, Bulk Nordic Orion and Bulk Nordic Oshima Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Number of periodic payments | installment									20
Periodic payment, principal amount									$ 5,677,203	$ 375,000
Balloon payment to be paid									$ 375,000
Interest rate, portion fixed														50.00%
Interest rate, stated percentage															3.95%
Odyssey and Orion | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odyssey, Bulk Nordic Orion and Bulk Nordic Oshima Debt Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate									2.00%
m/v NORDIC OSHIMA | Secured Debt
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount									$ 21,000,000
m/v NORDIC OSHIMA | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odin, Bulk Nordic Olympic, Bulk Nordic Odyssey, Bulk Nordic Orion and Bulk Nordic Oshima Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, portion fixed															50.00%
m/v NORDIC OSHIMA | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odyssey, Bulk Nordic Orion and Bulk Nordic Oshima Debt Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, effective percentage	2.48%										2.48%
Nordic Bulk Oshima | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odin, Bulk Nordic Olympic, Bulk Nordic Odyssey, Bulk Nordic Orion and Bulk Nordic Oshima Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Number of periodic payments | installment									28
Nordic Bulk Oshima | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Odyssey, Bulk Nordic Orion and Bulk Nordic Oshima Debt Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Periodic payment, principal amount									$ 375,000
Balloon payment to be paid									$ 11,254,295
Basis spread on variable rate	2.25%
Eight equal quarterly installments | Secured Debt | Bulk Freedom Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Number of periodic payments | installment					8
Periodic payment, principal amount					$ 175,000
Twelve equal quarterly installments | Secured Debt | Bulk Freedom Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Number of periodic payments | installment					12
Periodic payment, principal amount					$ 150,000
Tranche A | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Number of periodic payments | installment						27
Balloon payment to be paid						$ 8,766,658
Number of tranches | tranche						2
Tranche A | Secured Debt | Bulk Endurance Senior Tranche Loan
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount						$ 19,500,000
Tranche A | Three equal quarterly installments | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Periodic payment, principal amount						100,000
Tranche A | Seventeen equal quarterly installments | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Periodic payment, principal amount						266,667
Tranche B | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount						$ 3,500,000
Number of periodic payments | installment						28
Periodic payment, principal amount						$ 65,000
Balloon payment to be paid						$ 1,745,000
Tranche C and B [Member] | Secured Debt | The Amended Senior Facility
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount				$ 10,000,000
Tranche C | Secured Debt | The Amended Senior Facility
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount				$ 8,500,000
Number of periodic payments | installment				26
Periodic payment, principal amount				$ 275,000
Balloon payment to be paid				1,350,000
Tranche D | Secured Debt | The Amended Senior Facility
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount				$ 1,500,000
Number of periodic payments | installment				4
Periodic payment, principal amount				$ 375,000
Tranche E | Secured Debt | Bulk Independence
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Face amount			$ 14,000,000
Number of periodic payments | installment			20
Periodic payment, principal amount			$ 250,000
Balloon payment to be paid			$ 9,000,000
Interest Rate Period One | Tranche A | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	3.69%										3.69%
Interest Rate Period One | Tranche B | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, effective percentage	1.93%										1.93%
Interest Rate Period One | Tranche C | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.69%										4.69%
Interest Rate Period One | Tranche E | Secured Debt | Bulk Independence
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	3.48%										3.48%
Basis spread on variable rate											3.54%
Interest Rate Period Two | Tranche B | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	4.39%										4.39%
Interest Rate Period Two | Tranche C | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	5.39%										5.39%
Interest Rate Period Two | Tranche E | Secured Debt | Bulk Independence
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate, stated percentage	2.84%										2.84%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Interest Rate Period One | Tranche A | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						3.46%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Interest Rate Period One | Tranche B | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						1.70%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Interest Rate Period One | Tranche C | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate											3.60%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Interest Rate Period One | Tranche E | Secured Debt | Bulk Independence
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			1.70%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Interest Rate Period Two | Tranche B | Secured Debt | Bulk Nordic Six Ltd. Loan Agreement
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						2.40%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Interest Rate Period Two | Tranche E | Secured Debt | Bulk Independence
Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			2.40%

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Secured Long-term Debt- Future Minimum Annual Payments (Details)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2020	$ 57,382,674
2021	7,965,048
2022	5,419,597
2023	24,292,430
2024	2,106,956
Thereafter	8,620,885
Long-term debt	$ 105,787,590

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Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest - Common Stock (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Aug. 12, 2016
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, issued (in shares)	45,447,751	44,886,122
Number of shares authorized			4,500,000
Total non-cash compensation cost recognized	$ 2,314,940	$ 1,737,315
Share Incentive Plan | Restricted Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issued for services	2,964,124
Restricted stock units, vesting year 3	33.30%
Restricted stock units, vesting year 4	33.30%
Restricted stock units, vesting year 5	33.30%

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Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest - Restricted Stock Awards (Schedule of Activity) (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Restricted Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	1,915,818	1,461,923
Granted (in shares)	662,301	958,480
Vested (in shares)	(748,026)	(433,667)
Forfeited (in shares)	(4,667)	(70,918)
Ending balance (in shares)	1,825,426	1,915,818
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 2.97	$ 2.89
Granted (in dollars per share)	2.78	2.94
Vested (in dollars per share)	2.84	2.83
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	2.79	3.20
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 2.96	$ 2.97

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Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest - Schedule of Fair Value of Restricted Stock (Details) - Restricted Stock - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Fair value of restricted shares vested	$ 1,476,300	$ 1,406,552
Unrecognized compensation cost for restricted shares	$ 4,048,729	$ 4,536,683
Weighted average remaining period to expense restricted shares (years)	3 years 4 months 28 days	3 years 1 month 20 days

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Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest - Dividends Payable (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Dividends Payable [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 631,961	$ 4,063,598
Accrued dividend	908,955	4,658,576
Paid in cash	(535,153)	(8,090,213)
Ending balance	1,005,763	631,961
Incentive Compensation Plan
Dividends Payable [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	153,602	0
Accrued dividend	908,955	4,658,576
Paid in cash	(56,794)	(4,504,974)
Ending balance	1,005,763	153,602
2013 common stock dividend
Dividends Payable [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	478,359	4,063,598
Accrued dividend	0	0
Paid in cash	(478,359)	(3,585,239)
Ending balance	$ 0	$ 478,359

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Common Stock and Non-Controlling Interest - Non-controlling Interest (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Retained Earnings	$ 23,179,805	$ 12,736,580
NBHC
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity	50,067,000	71,003,403
Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd, Bulk Nordic Five Ltd and Bulk Nordic Six Ltd
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Retained Earnings	$ 1,598,000	$ 1,822,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details)		1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended								6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 26, 2018 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) numberOfContract numberOfVessel	Feb. 28, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) vessel	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) numberOfContract numberOfVessel	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) numberOfContract numberOfVessel	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) vessel	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Aug. 04, 2020 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Vessels useful life														5 years
Loss on sales of vessels					$ 0	$ 500,000	$ 300,000	$ (100,000)	$ 4,600,000	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0		$ 730,065	$ 4,584,796
Purchase of vessels														$ 2,892,776	41,350,536
Finance lease, weighted average remaining lease term				3 years
Noncancelable office lease period														6 months
Number of vessels | vessel					3									3
Contracted maximum selling price													$ 32,000,000
Contracted selling price at fair market value, percentage			0.85							0.85			0.85
Vessel charter period													15 years
Purchase obligation			$ 2,500,000							$ 2,500,000			$ 2,500,000
Time charter, term to completion													15 years	30 days
Lease, cost														$ 200,000	200,000
Investment in newbuildings in-process			$ 15,400,000		$ 15,390,635				$ 15,357,189	$ 15,400,000			$ 15,400,000	$ 15,390,635	$ 15,357,189
Number of dry bulk vessels financed under finance leases			4		4					4			4	4
Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Vessel lease term					20 days									20 days
Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Vessel lease term					83 days									83 days
m/v BULK DESTINY
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Sale leaseback transaction, gross proceeds														$ 21,000,000.0
Vessels useful life														25 years
Term of contract					7 years									7 years
Balloon payment to be paid					$ 11,200,000									$ 11,200,000
Basis spread on variable rate														2.75%
Interest rate, effective percentage					2.98%									2.98%
Vessels under finance lease					$ 24,000,000.0									$ 24,000,000.0
m/v BULK BEOTHUK
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease payable					$ 3,500									$ 3,500
Term of contract					5 years									5 years
Balloon payment to be paid					$ 4,000,000.0									$ 4,000,000.0
Interest rate, stated percentage					11.83%									11.83%
Repayments lease obligation		$ 5,500,000
Vessels under finance lease					$ 7,000,000.0									$ 7,000,000.0		$ 4,600,000
m/v BULK TRIDENT
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Term of contract					8 years									8 years
Basis spread on variable rate														1.70%
Interest rate, effective percentage					1.93%									1.93%
Vessels under finance lease					$ 13,000,000.0									$ 13,000,000.0
m/v BULK PODS
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate														1.70%
Interest rate, effective percentage					1.94%									1.94%
Vessels under finance lease					$ 14,800,000									$ 14,800,000
m/v Bulk PODS
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Term of contract					8 years									8 years
m/v BULK SPIRIT
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Term of contract				8 years
Balloon payment to be paid				$ 3,900,000
Purchase of vessels	$ 13,000,000.0			$ 13,000,000.0
Finance lease, weighted average discount rate, percent				5.10%
Finance leases, minimum payments period				5 years
Bulk Friendship
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase of vessels			$ 14,100,000
Finance lease, weighted average discount rate, percent			5.29%							5.29%			5.29%
Purchase options, vessel			$ 7,800,000							$ 7,800,000			$ 7,800,000
dwt DRY BULK
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of vessels | numberOfVessel			4							4			4
Percentage of payment installment due, installment two			0.20							0.20			0.20
Number of vessel newbuilding contracts | numberOfContract			2							2			2
dwt DRY BULK | Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase of vessels													$ 37,700,000
dwt DRY BULK | Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase of vessels													$ 38,300,000
SINGAPORE
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term					11 months									11 months

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Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2020	$ 9,380,057
2021	9,264,017
2022	9,148,487
2023	26,062,633
2024	5,443,736
Thereafter	7,576,832
Total minimum lease payments	66,875,762
Less amount representing interest	9,377,276
Present value of minimum lease payments	57,498,486
Less current portion	6,978,192	$ 12,549,208
Long-term portion	$ 50,520,294	$ 57,498,217

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Other Long-Term Liabilities (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2020 USD ($) numberOfInstallment	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Financing liability				$ 4,800,000
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest recorded as interest expense				$ 177,802	$ 44,950
Nordic Bulk Ventures Holding Company Ltd.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	66.67%
Nordic Bulk Holding Company Ltd.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	66.70%
Number of installments | numberOfInstallment	3
Consideration transferred	$ 22,500,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	15,000,000.0
Consideration transferred, liabilities incurred	$ 7,500,000
Basis spread on variable rate	3.50%
Periodic payment	$ 2,500,000
Nordic Bulk Partners LLC.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage				75.00%
Third-Party | Nordic Bulk Partners LLC.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage				25.00%
Forecast | Nordic Bulk Partners LLC.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage			50.00%
Forecast | Third-Party | Nordic Bulk Partners LLC.
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Ownership percentage		50.00%	50.00%
Maximum
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Put/call option				$ 4,000,000.0
Minimum
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Put/call option				$ 3,700,000

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Unaudited Quarterly Data (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended								6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues	$ 112,800,000	$ 103,700,000	$ 70,400,000	$ 95,900,000	$ 130,500,000	$ 118,900,000	$ 83,300,000	$ 79,600,000		$ 382,895,991	$ 412,197,819
Voyage expense	41,600,000	40,700,000	31,800,000	47,800,000	51,000,000.0	45,100,000	37,200,000	32,200,000		161,881,133	165,478,629
Charter hire expense	45,300,000	35,000,000.0	15,200,000	32,300,000	47,700,000	42,000,000.0	18,300,000	24,900,000		127,769,042	132,950,418
Vessel operating expenses	9,100,000	9,700,000	9,300,000	9,900,000	13,100,000	11,300,000	11,100,000	9,800,000		38,047,308	45,266,464
General and administrative	4,400,000	3,700,000	3,900,000	4,000,000.0	5,200,000	2,800,000	5,400,000	4,000,000.0		15,915,035	17,378,681
Depreciation and amortization	4,200,000	4,200,000	4,300,000	4,200,000	5,000,000.0	4,700,000	4,500,000	4,400,000		17,055,271	18,529,476
Loss on impairment of vessels	0	0	1,800,000	0	4,800,000	0	0	0	$ 1,800,000	1,801,039	4,751,143
Loss on sales of vessels	0	500,000	300,000	(100,000)	4,600,000	0	0	0		730,065	4,584,796
Total operating expenses	104,600,000	93,800,000	66,600,000	98,100,000	131,400,000	105,900,000	76,500,000	75,300,000		363,198,893	388,939,607
Income from operations	8,200,000	9,900,000	3,800,000	(2,200,000)	(900,000)	13,000,000.0	6,800,000	4,300,000		19,697,098	23,258,212
Interest expense, net	(1,800,000)	(2,000,000.0)	(2,000,000.0)	(2,100,000)	(2,400,000)	(2,500,000)	(2,100,000)	(2,200,000)		(7,831,314)	(9,227,784)
Interest expense, related party	0	0	0	0	0	0	(100,000)	0		0	(50,241)
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments	1,400,000	0	1,400,000	(2,900,000)	500,000	(300,000)	200,000	2,300,000		(156,019)	2,753,834
Other income	0	300,000	100,000	600,000	(300,000)	200,000	200,000	200,000		982,345	314,847
Total other expense, net	(400,000)	(1,700,000)	(500,000)	(4,400,000)	(2,200,000)	(2,600,000)	(1,800,000)	300,000		(7,004,988)	(6,209,344)
Net income	7,900,000	8,200,000	3,300,000	(6,800,000)	(3,000,000.0)	10,400,000	5,200,000	4,500,000		12,692,110	17,048,868
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(300,000)	(700,000)	(300,000)	0	(1,400,000)	(2,100,000)	(1,100,000)	(800,000)		(1,339,930)	(5,390,910)
Net income attributable to Pangaea Logistics Solutions Ltd.	$ 7,600,000	$ 7,500,000	$ 3,000,000.0	$ (6,800,000)	$ (4,400,000)	$ 8,300,000	$ 4,100,000	$ 3,700,000		$ 11,352,180	$ 11,657,958
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ 0.17	$ 0.07	$ (0.16)	$ (0.10)	$ 0.19	$ 0.09	$ 0.09		$ 0.26	$ 0.27
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ 0.17	$ 0.07	$ (0.16)	$ (0.10)	$ 0.19	$ 0.09	$ 0.09		$ 0.26	$ 0.27
Weighted average shares used to compute earnings per common share
Basic (in shares)	43,489,698	43,488,241	43,445,789	43,341,005	42,819,589	42,817,933	42,767,785	42,601,227		43,417,879	42,752,413
Diluted (in shares)	44,337,242	43,510,961	43,445,789	43,341,005	42,819,589	43,354,742	43,293,022	43,071,632		43,817,348	43,267,178
Voyage revenue
Revenues	$ 98,200,000	$ 98,100,000	$ 66,900,000	$ 86,500,000	$ 118,600,000	$ 103,800,000	$ 77,400,000	$ 65,900,000		$ 349,738,153	$ 365,714,864
Charter revenue
Revenues	$ 14,600,000	$ 5,600,000	$ 3,500,000	$ 9,400,000	$ 11,900,000	$ 15,100,000	$ 5,900,000	$ 13,700,000		$ 33,157,838	$ 46,482,955

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 08, 2021	Mar. 03, 2021	Feb. 08, 2021	Sep. 30, 2019
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase obligation				$ 2.5
Subsequent Event | Secured Debt | Revolving Credit Facility | Senior Secured Term Loan Facility
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Debt instrument, term	6 years
Debt instrument, face amount	$ 53.0
Subsequent Event | Ultramax
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase obligation			$ 16.5
Subsequent Event | Panamax
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase obligation		$ 18.3