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Derivative Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Instruments
6. Derivative Instruments

We are exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in the price of electricity and natural gas, basis differences in the price of natural gas, storage charges, renewable energy credits ("RECs"), and capacity charges from independent system operators. We use derivative instruments in an effort to manage our cash flow exposure to these risks. These instruments are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, and accordingly, changes in the market value of these derivative instruments are recorded in the cost of revenues. As part of our strategy to optimize pricing in our natural gas related activities, we also manage a portfolio of commodity derivative instruments held for trading purposes. Our commodity trading activities are subject to limits within our Risk Management Policy. For these derivative instruments, changes in the fair value are recognized currently in earnings in net asset optimization revenues.

Derivative assets and liabilities are presented net in our consolidated balance sheets when the derivative instruments are executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. Our derivative contracts include transactions that are executed both on an exchange and centrally cleared, as well as over-the-counter, bilateral contracts that are transacted directly with third parties. To the extent we have paid or received collateral related to the derivative assets or liabilities, such amounts would be presented net against the related derivative asset or liability’s fair value. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we offset $5.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively, in collateral to net against the related derivative liability's fair value. The specific types of derivative instruments we may execute to manage the commodity price risk include the following:

•Forward contracts, which commit us to purchase or sell energy commodities in the future;
•Futures contracts, which are exchange-traded standardized commitments to purchase or sell a commodity or financial instrument;
•Swap agreements, which require payments to or from counterparties based upon the differential between two prices for a predetermined notional quantity; and
•Option contracts, which convey to the option holder the right but not the obligation to purchase or sell a commodity.

The Company has entered into other energy-related contracts that do not meet the definition of a derivative instrument or for which we made a normal purchase, normal sale election and are therefore not accounted for at fair value including the following:

•Forward electricity and natural gas purchase contracts for retail customer load;
•Renewable energy credits; and
•Natural gas transportation contracts and storage agreements.
Volumes Underlying Derivative Transactions

The following table summarizes the net notional volumes of our open derivative financial instruments accounted for at fair value by commodity. Positive amounts represent net buys while bracketed amounts are net sell transactions (in thousands):
Non-trading 
CommodityNotionalDecember 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Natural GasMMBtu6,254 5,984 
ElectricityMWh1,029 1,380 
Trading
CommodityNotionalDecember 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Natural GasMMBtu1,016 957 

Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net and current period settlements on derivative instruments were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
  202320222021
(Loss) gain on non-trading derivatives, net$(70,304)$17,305 $22,130 
(Loss) gain on trading derivatives, net(1,189)516 (930)
(Loss) gain on derivatives, net$(71,493)$17,821 $21,200 
Current period settlements on non-trading derivatives (1)
65,428 (35,966)(15,752)
Current period settlements on trading derivatives1,204 165 60 
Total current period settlements on derivatives (1)
$66,632 $(35,801)$(15,692)
(1)    Excludes settlements of $0.2 million related to acquisition, for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Gains (losses) on trading derivative instruments are recorded in net asset optimization revenues and gains (losses) on non-trading derivative instruments are recorded in retail cost of revenues on the consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
The following tables summarize the fair value and offsetting amounts of our derivative instruments by counterparty and collateral received or paid (in thousands): 
  
December 31, 2023
DescriptionGross AssetsGross
Amounts
Offset		Net AssetsCash
Collateral
Offset		Net Amount
Presented
Non-trading commodity derivatives $1,926 $(1,046)$880 $— $880 
Trading commodity derivatives64 (35)29 — 29 
Total Current Derivative Assets1,990 (1,081)909 — 909 
Non-trading commodity derivatives173 (82)91 — 91 
Trading commodity derivatives— — — — — 
Total Non-current Derivative Assets173 (82)91 — 91 
Total Derivative Assets$2,163 $(1,163)$1,000 $— $1,000 
DescriptionGross 
Liabilities		Gross
Amounts
Offset		Net
Liabilities		Cash
Collateral
Offset		Net Amount
Presented
Non-trading commodity derivatives$(29,730)$6,077 $(23,653)$4,679 $(18,974)
Trading commodity derivatives(173)6 (167)— (167)
Total Current Derivative Liabilities(29,903)6,083 (23,820)4,679 (19,141)
Non-trading commodity derivatives(672)115 (557)503 (54)
Trading commodity derivatives— — — — — 
Total Non-current Derivative Liabilities(672)115 (557)503 (54)
Total Derivative Liabilities$(30,575)$6,198 $(24,377)$5,182 $(19,195)
 
  
December 31, 2022
DescriptionGross AssetsGross
Amounts
Offset		Net AssetsCash
Collateral
Offset		Net Amount
Presented
Non-trading commodity derivatives$709 $(154)$555 $— $555 
Trading commodity derivatives1,267 (190)1,077 — 1,077 
Total Current Derivative Assets1,976 (344)1,632 — 1,632 
Non-trading commodity derivatives1,364 (698)666 — 666 
Trading commodity derivatives— — — — — 
Total Non-current Derivative Assets1,364 (698)666 — 666 
Total Derivative Assets$3,340 $(1,042)$2,298 $— $2,298 
 
DescriptionGross 
Liabilities		Gross
Amounts
Offset		Net
Liabilities		Cash
Collateral
Offset		Net Amount
Presented
Non-trading commodity derivatives$(42,586)$24,969 $(17,617)$2,715 $(14,902)
Trading commodity derivatives(1,831)601 (1,230)— (1,230)
Total Current Derivative Liabilities(44,417)25,570 (18,847)2,715 (16,132)
Non-trading commodity derivatives(2,907)192 (2,715)— (2,715)
Trading commodity derivatives— — — — — 
Total Non-current Derivative Liabilities(2,907)192 (2,715)— (2,715)
Total Derivative Liabilities$(47,324)$25,762 $(21,562)$2,715 $(18,847)