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Revenues
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenues
3. Revenues
Our revenues are derived primarily from the sale of natural gas and electricity to customers, including affiliates. Revenue is measured based upon the quantity of gas or power delivered at prices contained or referenced in the customer's contract, and excludes any sales incentives (e.g. rebates) and amounts collected on behalf of third parties (e.g. sales tax).

Our revenues also include asset optimization activities. Asset optimization activities consist primarily of purchases and sales of gas that meet the definition of trading activities per FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. They are therefore excluded from the scope of FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Revenues for electricity, natural gas, and related services are recognized as the Company transfers the promised goods and services to the customer. Electricity and natural gas products may be sold as fixed-price or variable-price products. The typical length of a contract to provide electricity and/or natural gas is twelve months. Customers are billed and generally pay at least monthly, based on usage. Electricity and natural gas sales that have been delivered but not billed by period end are estimated and recorded as accrued unbilled revenues based on estimates of customer usage since the date of the last meter read provided by the utility. Volume estimates are based on forecasted volumes and estimated residential and commercial customer usage. Unbilled revenues are calculated by multiplying these volume estimates by the applicable rate by customer class (residential or commercial). Estimated amounts are adjusted when actual usage is known and billed.

The following table discloses revenue by primary geographical market, customer type, and customer credit risk profile (in thousands). The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue to revenue by reportable segment (in thousands).
Reportable Segments
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Retail Electricity (a)Retail Natural GasTotal Reportable SegmentsRetail ElectricityRetail Natural GasTotal Reportable Segments
Primary markets (b)
New England$32,887 $3,913 $36,800 $29,461 $5,161 $34,622 
Mid-Atlantic27,509 19,346 46,855 30,419 19,513 49,932 
Midwest8,139 9,805 17,944 9,939 9,620 19,559 
Southwest14,292 19,234 33,526 18,222 5,723 23,945 
$82,827 $52,298 $135,125 $88,041 $40,017 $128,058 
Customer type
Commercial$10,293 $28,679 $38,972 $11,080 $20,429 $31,509 
Residential77,237 31,275 108,512 79,937 22,145 102,082 
Unbilled revenue (c)(4,703)(7,656)(12,359)(2,976)(2,557)(5,533)
$82,827 $52,298 $135,125 $88,041 $40,017 $128,058 
Customer credit risk
POR$49,143 $25,054 $74,197 $56,176 $25,510 $81,686 
Non-POR33,684 27,244 60,928 31,865 14,507 46,372 
$82,827 $52,298 $135,125 $88,041 $40,017 $128,058 
(a) Retail Electricity includes Services
(b) The primary markets include the following states:

•New England - Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts and New Hampshire;
•Mid-Atlantic - Delaware, Maryland (including the District of Columbia), New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia;
•Midwest - Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio; and
•Southwest - Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Nevada and Texas.

(c) Unbilled revenue is recorded in total until it is actualized, at which time it is categorized between commercial and residential customers.

We record gross receipts taxes on a gross basis in retail revenues and retail cost of revenues. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our retail revenues included gross receipts taxes of $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and our retail cost of revenues included gross receipts taxes of $1.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

Accounts receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company conducts business in many utility service markets where the local regulated utility purchases our receivables, and then becomes responsible for billing the customer and collecting payment from the customer (“POR programs”). These POR programs result in substantially all of the Company’s credit risk being linked to the applicable utility, which generally has an investment-grade rating, and not to the end-use customer. The Company monitors the financial condition of each utility and currently believes its receivables are collectible.
In markets that do not offer POR programs or when the Company chooses to directly bill its customers, certain receivables are billed and collected by the Company. The Company bears the credit risk on these accounts and
records an appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect any losses due to non-payment by customers. The Company’s customers are individually insignificant and geographically dispersed in these markets. The Company writes off customer balances when it believes that amounts are no longer collectible and when it has exhausted all means to collect these receivables.

For trade accounts receivables, the Company accrues an allowance for doubtful accounts by business segment by pooling customer accounts receivables based on similar risk characteristics, such as customer type, geography, aging analysis, payment terms, and related macro-economic factors. Expected credit loss exposure is evaluated for each of our accounts receivables pools. Expected credits losses are established using a model that considers historical collections experience, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company writes off accounts receivable balances against the allowance for doubtful accounts when the accounts receivable is deemed to be uncollectible.

A rollforward of our allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are presented in the table below (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2022$(4,335)
Current period bad debt provision(955)
Write-offs708 
Recovery of previous write-offs(30)
Balance at March 31, 2023$(4,612)