Transactions with Affiliates	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Transactions with Affiliates	15. Transactions with Affiliates Transactions with Affiliates We enter into transactions with and pay certain costs on behalf of affiliates that are commonly controlled in order to reduce risk, reduce administrative expense, create economies of scale, create strategic alliances and supply goods and services to these related parties. We also sell and purchase natural gas and electricity with affiliates. We present receivables and payables with the same affiliate on a net basis in the consolidated balance sheets as all affiliate activity is with parties under common control. Affiliated transactions include certain services to the affiliated companies associated with employee benefits provided through our benefit plans, insurance plans, leased office space, administrative salaries, due diligence work, recurring management consulting, and accounting, tax, legal, or technology services. Amounts billed are based on the services provided, departmental usage, or headcount, which are considered reasonable by management. As such, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include costs that have been incurred by us and then directly billed or allocated to affiliates, as well as costs that have been incurred by our affiliates and then directly billed or allocated to us, and are recorded net in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations with a corresponding accounts receivable—affiliates or accounts payable—affiliates, respectively, recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. Transactions with affiliates for sales or purchases of natural gas and electricity, are recorded in retail revenues, retail cost of revenues, and net asset optimization revenues in the consolidated statements of operations with a corresponding accounts receivable—affiliate or accounts payable—affiliate recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. Master Service Agreement with Retailco Services, LLC Prior to April 1, 2018, we were a party to a Master Service Agreement with an affiliated company owned by our Founder. The Master Service Agreement provided us with operational support services such as: enrollment and renewal transaction services; customer billing and transaction services; electronic payment processing services; customer service, and information technology infrastructure and application support services. Effective April 1, 2018, we terminated the agreement, and these operational support services were transferred back to us. See "Cost Allocations" below for further discussion of the fees paid to affiliates during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively. Cost Allocations Where costs incurred on behalf of the affiliate or us cannot be determined by specific identification for direct billing, the costs are allocated to the affiliated entities or us based on estimates of percentage of departmental usage, wages or headcount. The total net amount direct billed and allocated (to)/from affiliates was $(0.7) million, $10.3 million and $25.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Of the amounts directly billed and allocated from affiliates, we recorded general and administrative expense of zero, $5.9 million, and $22.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Additionally, we capitalized zero, 0.5 million, and $0.7 million of property and equipment for the application, development and implementation of various systems during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Accounts Receivable and Payable—Affiliates As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had current accounts receivable—affiliates of $2.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively, and current accounts payable—affiliates of $1.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Revenues and Cost of Revenues—Affiliates Revenues recorded in net asset optimization revenues in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 related to affiliated sales were $2.4 million, $2.4 million, and $1.3 million, respectively, and cost of revenues recorded in net asset optimization revenues in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 related to affiliated purchases were $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. These amounts are presented as net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Acquisitions from Related Parties In 2017, we acquired Perigee from our affiliate, NG&E, for total consideration of approximately $4.1 million. In connection with the Major Energy Companies acquisition, we issued 4,000,000 shares of Class B common stock (and a corresponding number of Spark HoldCo units) to NG&E, valued at $40.0 million. In connection with the financing of the Provider Companies acquisition, we issued 1,399,484 shares of Class B common stock (and a corresponding number of Spark HoldCo units) to RetailCo, valued at $14.0 million. In March 2018, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with an affiliate to acquire up to 50,000 RCEs for a cash purchase price of $250 for each RCE, or up to $12.5 million in the aggregate. A total of $8.8 million was paid in 2018 under the terms of the purchase agreement for approximately 35,000 RCEs, and no further material payments are anticipated. The acquisition was treated as a transfer of assets between entities under common control, and accordingly, the assets were recorded at their historical value at the date of transfer. The transaction resulted in less than $0.1 million and $7.1 million recorded in equity as a net distribution to affiliate as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Distributions to and Contributions from Affiliates During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we made distributions to affiliates of our Founder of $15.1 million, $15.5 million and $15.6 million, respectively, for payments of quarterly distributions on their respective Spark HoldCo units. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we also made distributions to these affiliates for gross-up distributions of $19.7 million, $16.5 million, and $18.2 million, respectively, in connection with distributions made between Spark HoldCo and Spark Energy, Inc. for payment of income taxes incurred by us and settlement of the TRA. Proceeds from Disgorgement of Stockholder Short-swing Profits During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded $0.1 million, zero, and $0.7 million, respectively, for the disgorgement of stockholder short-swing profits under Section 16(b) under the Exchange Act. The amount was recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. We received $0.5 million cash during the year ended December 31, 2017 and received $0.2 million cash in February 2018. Subordinated Debt Facility In June 2019, we and Spark HoldCo entered into a Subordinated Debt Facility with an affiliate owned by our Founder, which allows the Company to borrow up to $25.0 million. The Subordinated Debt Facility allows us to draw advances in increments of no less than $1.0 million per advance up to the maximum principal amount of the Subordinated Debt Facility. Advances thereunder accrue interest at 5% per annum from the date of the advance. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was zero and $10.0 million, respectively, in outstanding borrowings under the Subordinated Debt Facility. See Note 10 "Debt" for a further description of terms and conditions of the Subordinated Debt Facility. Tax Receivable Agreement Prior to July 11, 2019, we were party to a TRA with affiliates. Effective July 11, 2019, the Company entered into a TRA Termination and Release Agreement (the “Release Agreement”), which provided for a full and complete termination of any further payment, reimbursement or performance obligation of the Company, Retailco and NuDevco Retail under the TRA, whether past, accrued or yet to arise. Pursuant to the Release Agreement, the Company made a cash payment of approximately $11.2 million on July 15, 2019 to Retailco and NuDevco Retail. In connection with the termination of the TRA, Spark HoldCo made a distribution of approximately $16.3 million on July 15, 2019 to Retailco and NuDevco Retail under the Spark HoldCo Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, as amended. The TRA generally provided for the payment by us to affiliates of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we realized or would realize (or were deemed to realize in certain circumstances) in future periods as a result of (i) any tax basis increases resulting from the initial purchase by us of Spark HoldCo units from entities owned by our Founder, (ii) any tax basis increases resulting from the exchange of Spark HoldCo units for shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the Exchange Right (or resulting from an exchange of Spark HoldCo units for cash pursuant to the Cash Option) and (iii) any imputed interest deemed to be paid by us as a result of, and additional tax basis arising from, any payments we made under the TRA. We retained the benefit of the remaining 15% of these tax savings. See Note 13 "Income Taxes" for further discussion. For the four-quarter periods ending September 30, 2016, 2017, and 2018, we met the threshold coverage ratio required to fund the payments required under the TRA. Our affiliates, however, granted us the right to defer the TRA payment related to the four-quarter period ending September 30, 2016 until May 2018. In April, May, and December of 2018, we paid a total of $6.2 million related to our obligations under the TRA for the 2015, 2016, and 2017 tax years. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had a total liability related to the TRA of zero and $27.6 million, of which zero and $1.7 million, respectively, were classified as current liabilities.

15. Transactions with Affiliates

Transactions with Affiliates

We enter into transactions with and pay certain costs on behalf of affiliates that are commonly controlled in order to reduce risk, reduce administrative expense, create economies of scale, create strategic alliances and supply goods and services to these related parties. We also sell and purchase natural gas and electricity with affiliates. We present receivables and payables with the same affiliate on a net basis in the consolidated balance sheets as all affiliate activity is with parties under common control. Affiliated transactions include certain services to the affiliated companies associated with employee benefits provided through our benefit plans, insurance plans, leased office space, administrative salaries, due diligence work, recurring management consulting, and accounting, tax, legal, or technology services. Amounts billed are based on the services provided, departmental usage, or headcount, which are considered reasonable by management. As such, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include costs that have been incurred by us and then directly billed or allocated to affiliates, as well as costs that have been incurred by our affiliates and then directly billed or allocated to us, and are recorded net in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations with a corresponding accounts receivable—affiliates or accounts payable—affiliates, respectively, recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. Transactions with affiliates for sales or purchases of natural gas and electricity, are recorded in retail revenues, retail cost of revenues, and net asset optimization revenues in the consolidated statements of operations with a corresponding accounts receivable—affiliate or accounts payable—affiliate recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.

Master Service Agreement with Retailco Services, LLC

Prior to April 1, 2018, we were a party to a Master Service Agreement with an affiliated company owned by our Founder. The Master Service Agreement provided us with operational support services such as: enrollment and renewal transaction services; customer billing and transaction services; electronic payment processing services; customer service, and information technology infrastructure and application support services. Effective April 1, 2018, we terminated the agreement, and these operational support services were transferred back to us. See "Cost Allocations" below for further discussion of the fees paid to affiliates during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively.

Cost Allocations

Where costs incurred on behalf of the affiliate or us cannot be determined by specific identification for direct billing, the costs are allocated to the affiliated entities or us based on estimates of percentage of departmental usage, wages or headcount. The total net amount direct billed and allocated (to)/from affiliates was $(0.7) million, $10.3 million and $25.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Of the amounts directly billed and allocated from affiliates, we recorded general and administrative expense of zero, $5.9 million, and $22.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Additionally, we capitalized zero, 0.5 million, and $0.7 million of property and equipment for the application, development and implementation of various systems during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Accounts Receivable and Payable—Affiliates

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had current accounts receivable—affiliates of $2.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively, and current accounts payable—affiliates of $1.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

Revenues and Cost of Revenues—Affiliates

Revenues recorded in net asset optimization revenues in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 related to affiliated sales were $2.4 million, $2.4 million, and $1.3 million, respectively, and cost of revenues recorded in net asset optimization revenues in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 related to affiliated purchases were $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. These amounts are presented as net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Acquisitions from Related Parties

In 2017, we acquired Perigee from our affiliate, NG&E, for total consideration of approximately $4.1 million.

In connection with the Major Energy Companies acquisition, we issued 4,000,000 shares of Class B common stock (and a corresponding number of Spark HoldCo units) to NG&E, valued at $40.0 million. In connection with the financing of the Provider Companies acquisition, we issued 1,399,484 shares of Class B common stock (and a corresponding number of Spark HoldCo units) to RetailCo, valued at $14.0 million.

In March 2018, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with an affiliate to acquire up to 50,000 RCEs for a cash purchase price of $250 for each RCE, or up to $12.5 million in the aggregate. A total of $8.8 million was paid in 2018 under the terms of the purchase agreement for approximately 35,000 RCEs, and no further material payments are anticipated. The acquisition was treated as a transfer of assets between entities under common control, and accordingly, the assets were recorded at their historical value at the date of transfer. The transaction resulted in less than $0.1 million and $7.1 million recorded in equity as a net distribution to affiliate as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Distributions to and Contributions from Affiliates

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we made distributions to affiliates of our Founder of $15.1 million, $15.5 million and $15.6 million, respectively, for payments of quarterly distributions on their respective Spark HoldCo units. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we also made distributions to these affiliates for gross-up distributions of $19.7 million, $16.5 million, and $18.2 million, respectively, in connection with distributions made between Spark HoldCo and Spark Energy, Inc. for payment of income taxes incurred by us and settlement of the TRA.

Proceeds from Disgorgement of Stockholder Short-swing Profits

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded $0.1 million, zero, and $0.7 million, respectively, for the disgorgement of stockholder short-swing profits under Section 16(b) under the Exchange Act. The amount was recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. We received $0.5 million cash during the year ended December 31, 2017 and received $0.2 million cash in February 2018.

Subordinated Debt Facility

In June 2019, we and Spark HoldCo entered into a Subordinated Debt Facility with an affiliate owned by our Founder, which allows the Company to borrow up to $25.0 million. The Subordinated Debt Facility allows us to draw advances in increments of no less than $1.0 million per advance up to the maximum principal amount of the Subordinated Debt Facility. Advances thereunder accrue interest at 5% per annum from the date of the advance. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was zero and $10.0 million, respectively, in outstanding borrowings under the Subordinated Debt Facility. See Note 10 "Debt" for a further description of terms and conditions of the Subordinated Debt Facility.

Tax Receivable Agreement

Prior to July 11, 2019, we were party to a TRA with affiliates. Effective July 11, 2019, the Company entered into a TRA Termination and Release Agreement (the “Release Agreement”), which provided for a full and complete termination of any further payment, reimbursement or performance obligation of the Company, Retailco and NuDevco Retail under the TRA, whether past, accrued or yet to arise. Pursuant to the Release Agreement, the Company made a cash payment of approximately $11.2 million on July 15, 2019 to Retailco and NuDevco Retail. In connection with the termination of the TRA, Spark HoldCo made a distribution of approximately $16.3 million on July 15, 2019 to Retailco and NuDevco Retail under the Spark HoldCo Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, as amended.

The TRA generally provided for the payment by us to affiliates of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we realized or would realize (or were deemed to realize in certain circumstances) in future periods as a result of (i) any tax basis increases resulting from the initial purchase by us of Spark HoldCo units from entities owned by our Founder, (ii) any tax basis increases resulting from the exchange of Spark HoldCo units for shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the Exchange Right (or resulting from an exchange of Spark HoldCo units for cash pursuant to the Cash Option) and (iii) any imputed interest deemed to be paid by us as a result of, and additional tax basis arising from, any payments we made under the TRA. We retained the benefit of the remaining 15% of these tax savings. See Note 13 "Income Taxes" for further discussion.

For the four-quarter periods ending September 30, 2016, 2017, and 2018, we met the threshold coverage ratio required to fund the payments required under the TRA. Our affiliates, however, granted us the right to defer the TRA payment related to the four-quarter period ending September 30, 2016 until May 2018. In April, May, and December of 2018, we paid a total of $6.2 million related to our obligations under the TRA for the 2015, 2016, and 2017 tax years.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had a total liability related to the TRA of zero and $27.6 million, of which zero and $1.7 million, respectively, were classified as current liabilities.