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Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Taxes
Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the assets and liabilities method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and those assets and liabilities tax bases. The Company applies existing tax law and the tax rate that the Company expects to apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to be recovered or settled in calculating the deferred tax assets and liabilities. Effects of changes in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized in income in the period of the tax rate enactment.

The Company periodically assesses whether it is more likely than not that it will generate sufficient taxable income to realize its deferred income tax assets. In making this determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence and makes certain assumptions. The Company considers, among other things, its deferred tax liabilities, the overall business environment, its historical earnings and losses, current industry trends, and its outlook for future years. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be utilized.

Prior to the Offering, the business of the Company was not subject to U.S. federal income tax as the Company's operations were conducted in flow-through entities. As a result of the Offering, the Company now operates as a corporation and is subject to U.S. federal income taxation on our allocable share of taxable income from Spark HoldCo.

As of September 30, 2015, the Company had a net deferred tax asset of approximately $15.6 million related to the step up in tax basis resulting from the purchase by the Company of Spark HoldCo units from NuDevco on the Offering date. In addition, as of September 30, 2015, the Company had a long-term liability of $20.8 million for the effect of the Tax Receivable Agreement liability (See Note 12 “Transactions with Affiliates” for further discussion) and a corresponding long-term deferred tax asset of approximately $7.5 million.

The effective U.S. federal and state income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 is 6.5% with respect to pre-tax income attributable to the Company's stockholders. Total income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 differed from amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory tax rates to pre-tax income primarily due to state taxes, timing of discrete items and the impact of permanent differences between book and taxable income, most notably the income attributable to noncontrolling interest.