Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CB Financial Services, Inc. (“CB Financial”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Community Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Exchange Underwriters, Inc. (“Exchange Underwriters”). CB Financial, the Bank and Exchange Underwriters are collectively referred to as the “Company”. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with general practice within the banking industry. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading in any material respect. In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and income and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to determination of the allowance for losses on loans, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans, other-than-temporary impairment evaluations of securities, goodwill and intangible assets impairment, and the valuation of deferred tax assets.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim financial statements include all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations at the dates and for the periods presented. All these adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature, and they are the only adjustments included in the accompanying unaudited interim financial statements. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were filed with the SEC and incorporated into the consolidated financial statements the effect of all material known events determined by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 855, Subsequent Events, to be recognizable events.

Nature of Operations

The Company derives substantially all its income from banking and bank-related services which include interest earnings on commercial, commercial mortgage, residential real estate and consumer loan financing, as well as interest earnings on investment securities and fees generated from deposit services to its customers. The Company provides banking services through its subsidiary, Community Bank, a Pennsylvania-chartered commercial bank. The Bank operates 11 branches in Greene, Allegheny, Washington, Fayette and Westmoreland Counties in southwestern Pennsylvania, and five branches in Marshall, Ohio, Upshur and Wetzel Counties in West Virginia. The Bank is a community-oriented institution offering residential and commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans as well as a variety of deposit products for individuals and businesses in its market area. Property and casualty, commercial liability, surety and other insurance products are offered through Exchange Underwriters, a full-service, independent insurance agency.

Reclassifications

Certain comparative amounts for the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not affect net income or stockholders’ equity.

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

Assets and liabilities (disposal groups) are classified as held for sale when their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through sale when all of the following criteria are met:

•management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group;

•the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such disposal groups;

•an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated;

•the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond the Company’s control extend the period of time required to sell the disposal group beyond one year;

•the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and

•actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Assets and liabilities held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value, less estimated costs to sell, and are presented separately on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any estimated costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent losses as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group. Assets classified as held for sale are no longer depreciated or amortized.

Loans held for sale may consist of residential real estate loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market. These loans are generally sold with loan servicing rights retained. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance charged to income. Gains and losses on residential real estate loans held for sale are included in noninterest income.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company routinely performs assessments of the recoverability of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable and are in excess of their fair value less estimated costs to sell. If estimated recoverable amounts are lower than carrying values, assets are considered impaired and reduced to their recoverable amounts with the recognized impairment charges recorded in noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

Long-lived assets are tested for impairment individually or as part of an asset group. An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets to be held and used, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities.

The Company follows ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, which requires three steps to identify, recognize and measure the impairment of a long-lived asset (asset group) to be held and used:

Step 1 – Consider whether Indicators of Impairment are Present.

The following are examples of such events or changes in circumstances.

•A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset (asset group).

•A significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset (asset group) is being used or in its physical condition.

•A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset (asset group), including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator.

•An accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset (asset group).

•A current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset (asset group).

•A current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The term more likely than not refers to a level of likelihood that is more than 50 percent.

Step 2—Test for Recoverability

If indicators of impairment are present, the Company performs a recoverability test comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to the long-lived asset or asset group in question to the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group.

Step 3—Measurement of an Impairment Loss

If the undiscounted cash flows used in the recoverability test are less than the carrying amount of the long-lived asset (asset group), the Company estimates the fair value of the long-lived asset or asset group and recognizes an impairment loss when the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group exceeds the estimated fair value.

An impairment loss is allocated to the long-lived assets of the group on a pro rata basis using the relative carrying amounts of those assets, except that the loss allocated to an individual long-lived asset of the group must not reduce the carrying amount of

that asset below its fair value whenever the fair value is determinable without undue cost and effort. ASC 360 prohibits the subsequent reversal of an impairment loss for an asset held and used.

Recent Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The elective guidance in the ASU applies to modifications of contract terms that will directly replace, or have the potential to replace, an affected rate with another interest rate index, as well as certain contemporaneous modifications of other contract terms related to the replacement of an affected rate. The ASU notes that changes in contract terms that are made to effect the reference rate reform transition are considered related to the replacement of a reference rate if they are not the result of a business decision that is separate from or in addition to changes to the terms of a contract to effect that transition. The optional expedient allows companies to account for the modification as if it was not substantial (i.e., do not treat as an extinguishment of debt). The ASU is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. ASU 2020-04 is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. While the LIBOR reform may require extensive changes to the contracts that govern LIBOR based products, as well as our systems and processes, we cannot yet determine whether the Company will be able to use the optional expedient for the changes to contract terms that may be required by LIBOR reform and therefore, the Company cannot yet determine the magnitude of the impact or the overall impact of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operation.

In December 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income taxes (Topic 740); Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12 provides amendments intended to reduce the cost and complexity in accounting for income taxes while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. ASU 2019-12 removes the following exceptions from ASC 740, Income Taxes: (i) exceptions to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation; (ii) exceptions to accounting for basis differences when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment or a foreign equity method investment become a subsidiary; and (iii) exception in interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses. ASU 2019-12 provides the following amendments that simplify and improve guidance with Topic 740: (i) franchise taxes that are based partially on income; (ii) transactions that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill; (iii) separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax; (iv) enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods; and (v) employee stock ownership plans and investments in qualified affordable housing projects accounted for using the equity method. For public business entities, the amendments in ASU 2019-12 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition or results of operation.

In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, ASU 2016-13 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP; and instead requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP, however this ASU requires that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. ASU 2016-13 affects companies holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The ASU 2016-13 amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. ASU 2016-13 was originally effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. In November 2019, the FASB approved a delay of the required implementation date of ASU 2016-13 for smaller reporting companies, including the Company, resulting in a required implementation date for the Company of January 1, 2023. Early adoption will continue to be permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU and expects to recognize a one-time adjustment to the allowance for loan losses upon adoption, but we cannot yet determine the magnitude of the one-time adjustment or the overall impact of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operation.