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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill Balances (Detail) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Goodwill And Other Intangible Asset [Line Items]  
Beginning balance $ 536us-gaap_Goodwill
Foreign currency impact (12)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
Ending balance 524us-gaap_Goodwill
Reinforcement Materials [Member]  
Goodwill And Other Intangible Asset [Line Items]  
Beginning balance 68us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cbt_ReinforcementMaterialsMember
Foreign currency impact (6)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cbt_ReinforcementMaterialsMember
Ending balance 62us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cbt_ReinforcementMaterialsMember
Performance Chemicals [Member]  
Goodwill And Other Intangible Asset [Line Items]  
Beginning balance 10us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cbt_PerformanceChemicalsMember
Foreign currency impact   
Ending balance 10us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cbt_PerformanceChemicalsMember
Purification Solutions [Member]  
Goodwill And Other Intangible Asset [Line Items]  
Beginning balance 458us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cbt_PurificationSolutionsMember
Foreign currency impact (6)us-gaap_GoodwillTranslationAdjustments
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cbt_PurificationSolutionsMember
Ending balance $ 452us-gaap_Goodwill
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cbt_PurificationSolutionsMember