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Incomes Taxes (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
($ in millions)
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Unrecognized tax benefits, excluding related interest expense and penalties(a)
$
218

 
$
255

Portion that, if recognized, would reduce tax expense and effective tax rate(b)
179

 
173

____________________
(a)
Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were not material for all periods presented.
(b)
Includes gross state and local unrecognized tax benefits net of the effects of associated U.S. federal income taxes. Excludes amounts attributable to any related valuation allowances resulting from associated increases in deferred tax assets.