NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2019

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]

EW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09 and has since modified the standard with several ASUs (collectively, the “new revenue standard” or "ASC 606"). The new revenue standard requires entities to recognize revenue through the application of a five-step model, which includes: identification of the contract, identification of the performance obligations, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognition of revenue as the entity satisfies the performance obligations. We adopted the new revenue standard on November 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective

method with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of adoption. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the standards in effect for the prior periods presented. We have applied the new revenue standard only to contracts not completed as of the date of adoption, referred to as open contracts. We have elected the practical expedient that permits an entity to reflect the aggregate effect of all modifications (on a contract-by-contract basis) that occurred before the date of adoption in determining the transaction price, identifying the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, and allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations.

The most significant impact of the new revenue standard was our accounting for software license revenue. Historically, we have deferred revenue for certain types of license arrangements and recognize the revenue ratably over the license term. Under the new revenue standard, we are no longer required to establish vendor-specific objective evidence to recognize software license revenue separately from the other elements, and we are required to recognize software license revenue once the customer obtains control of the license, which will generally occur at the start of each license term. The new revenue standard further requires certain costs, primarily sales-related commissions on contracts, to be capitalized rather than expensed. We reclassified our allowance for sales returns from accounts receivable, net to other accrued liabilities due to the adoption of the new revenue standard.

The cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard to all open contracts as of November 1, 2018 was as follows:



	October 31, 2018		Adjustments Due to ASC 606			November 1, 2018
	(in millions)
Assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$	624	$	7		$	631
Inventory	619		—			619
Other current assets	222		28			250
Long-term deferred tax assets	750		(15		)	735
Other assets	279		3			282
Liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$	334	$	(53	)	$	281
Income and other taxes payable	42		1			43
Other accrued liabilities	69		7			76
Long-term deferred revenue	127		(11		)	116
Other long-term liabilities	287		3			290
Stockholders' equity:
Retained earnings	$	1,212	$	76		$	1,288

The following tables summarize the impact of ASC 606 on our condensed consolidated financial statements:



	Year ended
	October 31, 2019
	As Reported			Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606			Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
	(in millions)
Net revenue:
Products	$	3,554		$	3,528		$	26
Services and other	749			755			(6		)
Total net revenue	4,303			4,283			20
Costs and expenses:
Cost of products	1,439			1,435			4
Cost of services and other	330			330			—
Total costs	1,769			1,765			4
Research and development	688			688			—
Selling, general and administrative	1,155			1,153			2
Other operating expense (income), net	(20		)	(20		)	—
Total costs and expenses	3,592			3,586			6
Income from operations	711			697			14
Interest income	23			23			—
Interest expense	(80		)	(80		)	—
Other income (expense), net	61			61			—
Income before taxes	715			701			14
Provision for income taxes	94			93			1
Net income	$	621		$	608		$	13

Net income per share:
Basic	$	3.31		$	3.24		$	0.07
Diluted	$	3.25		$	3.18		$	0.07



	October 31, 2019
	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
	(in millions)
Assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$	668	$	642	$	26
Inventory	705		709		(4		)
Other current assets	244		217		27
Long-term deferred tax assets	755		772		(17		)
Other assets	332		328		4
Liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$	334	$	389	$	(55	)
Income and other taxes payable	55		53		2
Other accrued liabilities	83		73		10
Long-term deferred revenue	176		188		(12		)
Other long-term liabilities	295		293		2
Stockholders' equity:
Retained earnings	$	1,909	$	1,820	$	89

ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance that amends various aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure for financial instruments. Most prominent among the changes in the standard is the requirement for changes in the fair value of our equity investments, with certain exceptions, to be recognized in net income rather than other comprehensive income. We adopted the standard effective November 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. We elected to prospectively measure equity investments without readily determinable fair values at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-02, Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that will require substantially all leases to be reported on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease obligations. We expect our leases designated as operating leases in Note 17 will be reported in the consolidated balance sheet upon adoption. Consistent with current GAAP, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We will adopt the new standard effective November 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach provided by ASU 2018-11, Leases: Targeted Improvements, that allows for a cumulative effect adjustment in the period of adoption. We expect to recognize right-of-use assets and corresponding lease obligations of approximately $145 million to $165 million. We elected the transition package of practical expedients, which among other things, allows us to carry forward the historical lease classification. We will not elect the practical expedient to use hindsight in determining the lease term and in assessing impairment of right-of-use assets. The company has implemented a leasing software solution and is finalizing changes to our business processes, systems, and controls to support adoption of the new standard.

ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance that adds or clarifies guidance on eight cash flow classification issues that had been creating diversity in practice. We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2019 retrospectively to all periods presented, which resulted in the following change to our previously reported condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended October 31, 2018 and 2017 related to the classification of acquisition-related contingent consideration.



	Year Ended October 31,
	2018									2017
	As Originally Reported			As Adjusted			Change			As Originally Reported			As Adjusted			Change
	(in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	555		$	555		$	—		$	328		$	328		$	—
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(116	)	$	(110	)	$	6		$	(1,722	)	$	(1,722	)	$	—
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	$	(335	)	$	(341	)	$	(6	)	$	1,425		$	1,425		$	—

ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash. In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires an entity to include in its cash and cash equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows those amounts that are deemed to be restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2019 retrospectively to all periods presented. See Note 8, "Supplemental Cash Flow Information."

ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. In March 2017, the FASB issued guidance that requires the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost to be included in operating expenses (together with other employee compensation costs) and the other components of the cost to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside of income from operations. We retrospectively adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2019. The interest cost, expected return on assets, amortization of prior service credits and other costs have been reclassified from cost of products, research and development, selling, general and administrative, and other operating expenses (income) to other income (expense).

We elected to apply the practical expedient, which allows us to reclassify amounts disclosed previously in our retirement plans and post-retirement benefit plans note as the basis for applying retrospective presentation for comparative periods as it is impractical to determine the disaggregation of the components for amounts capitalized and reclassified in those periods. On a prospective basis, the service cost component of net periodic pension and post-retirement benefit cost is presented with other current compensation costs in operating income. The remaining components are included in other income (expense) and will not be included in amounts capitalized in inventory or property, plant, and equipment. The effect of the retrospective presentation change related to the retirement plans and post-retirement benefit plans to our previously reported consolidated statement of operations for the years ended October 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:



	Year Ended October 31,
	2018								2017
	As Originally Reported			As Adjusted			Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)		As Originally Reported			As Adjusted			Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
	(in millions)
Cost of products	$	1,440		$	1,449		$	9	$	1,206		$	1,210		$	4
Cost of services and other	316			318			2		281			282			1
Research and development	607			624			17		498			507			9
Selling, general and administrative	1,185			1,205			20		1,049			1,058			9
Other operating expense (income), net	(33		)	(33		)	—		(84		)	(16		)	68
Other income (expense), net	6			54			48		13			104			91

ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. In August 2017, the FASB issued guidance to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements and enhance transparency and understandability of hedge results. We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2019 and elected to continue to record changes in the fair value of components excluded from the effectiveness assessment of cash flow hedges in earnings. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance that allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") enacted in December 2017. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance on November 1, 2018. We elected to retain the income tax effects of the Tax Act as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Given this election, the adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance that requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement (i.e., hosting arrangement) that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance to determine which implementation costs to defer and recognize as an asset and aligns the recognition of implementation costs to those incurred in an arrangement that includes an internal-use software license. Further, new disclosures about implementation costs for both internal-use software and hosting arrangements are required. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

Other amendments to GAAP that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.