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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies since the Company filed its audited financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. For further information about the Company’s accounting policies, refer to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared by management on the accrual basis of accounting and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), and in conjunction with rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures required for annual financial statements have been condensed or excluded pursuant to SEC rules and regulations. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include accounts and related adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim period. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions are not shown on the consolidated statements. However, each property owning entity is a wholly owned subsidiary which is a special purpose entity ("SPE"), which assets and credit are not available to satisfy the debts or obligations of any other entity, except to the extent required with respect to any co-borrower or guarantor under the same credit facility.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Change in Consolidated Financial Statements Presentation
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash ("ASU No. 2016-18"). As a result, the Company no longer presents transfers between cash and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Instead, restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Per Share Data
The Company reports earnings per share for the period as (1) basic earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, and (2) diluted earnings per share computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including common stock equivalents. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no material common stock equivalents that would have a dilutive effect on earnings (loss) per share for common stockholders.
Segment Information
ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting financial and descriptive information about a public entity’s reportable segments. The Company internally evaluates all of the properties and interests therein as one reportable segment.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASU No. 2017-12") . The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. For cash flow hedges that are highly effective, the new standard requires all changes (effective and ineffective components) in the fair value of the hedging instrument to be recorded in other comprehensive income and to be reclassified into earnings only when the hedged item impacts earnings. Current guidance requires a periodic recognition of hedge ineffectiveness in earnings.
Under existing standards, a quantitative assessment is made on an ongoing basis to determine if a hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows associated with the hedged item. Under the new standard, entities will still be required to perform an initial quantitative test. However, the new standard allows entities to elect to subsequently perform only a qualitative assessment unless facts and circumstances change.
This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2017-12 for the reporting period ending March 31, 2018. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-12 did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position or statement of operations.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases ("ASU No. 2016-02"). ASU No. 2016-02 amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. ASU No. 2016-02 will direct how the Company accounts for payments from the elements of leases that are generally fixed and determinable at the inception of the lease (“Fixed Lease Payments”) while ASU No. 2014-09 (defined below) will direct how the Company accounts for the non-lease components of lease contracts, primarily expense reimbursements (“Non-Lease Payments”) and the accounting for the disposition of real estate facilities. ASU No. 2016-02 will be effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019. Early adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 as of its issuance is permitted.
ASU No. 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. Based on the required adoption date of January 1, 2019, the modified retrospective method for ASU No. 2016-02 requires application of the standard to all leases that exist at, or commence after, January 1, 2017 (beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the 2019 financial statements), with a cumulative adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated earnings (deficit) on January 1, 2017, for the effect of applying the standard at the date of initial application, and restatement of the amounts presented prior to January 1, 2019.
The FASB has also issued an amendment to the standard that would provide an entity an optional transition method to initially account for the impact of the adoption of the standard with a cumulative adjustment to accumulated earnings (deficit) on January 1, 2019 (the effective date of ASU No. 2016-02), rather than January 1, 2017, which would eliminate the need to restate amounts presented prior to January 1, 2019. Under ASU No. 2016-02, an entity may elect a practical expedient package, which states that: (a) an entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are leases or contain leases; (b) an entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (c) an entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. These three practical expedients are available as a single election that must be elected as a package and must be consistently applied to all existing leases at the date of adoption. The FASB has also tentatively noted in May 2017 board meeting minutes that lessors that adopt this package of practical expedients are not expected to reassess expired or existing leases at the date of initial application, which is January 1, 2017 under ASU No. 2016-02, or January 1, 2019, if the Company elects the optional transition method. The FASB noted that the transition provisions generally enable entities to “run off” their existing leases for the remainder of the lease term, which would effectively eliminate the need to calculate adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated earnings (deficit).
In March 2018, the FASB approved a proposal to the drafting of an amendment to the ASU to allow lessors to elect, as a practical expedient, not to allocate the total consideration to lease and non-lease components based on their relative standalone selling prices. If adopted, this single-lease component practical expedient will allow lessors to elect a combined single-lease component presentation if (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease component and the non-lease component(s) associated with it are the same, and (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately. Non-lease components that do not meet the criteria of this practical expedient and combined components in which the non-lease component is the predominant component will be accounted for under the new revenue recognition ASU.
The Company does not expect that ASU No. 2016-02 will impact the Company's accounting for Fixed Lease Payments because the Company's accounting policy is currently consistent with the provisions of the standard. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard as it relates to Non-Lease Payments. If the practical expedient mentioned above is adopted and the Company elects it, the Company expects payments for expense reimbursements that qualify as Non-Lease Payments will be presented under a single lease component presentation. However, without the proposed practical expedient, the Company expects these reimbursements would be separated into Fixed Lease Payments and Non-Lease Payments. Under ASU No. 2016-02, reimbursements relating to property taxes and insurances are Fixed Lease Payments as the payments relates to the right to use the leased assets, while reimbursements relating to maintenance activities and common area expense are Non-Lease Payments and would be accounted under ASU No. 2014-09 upon the adoption of the ASU No. 2016-02 as these payments for goods or services are transferred separately from the right to use the underlying assets.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”). ASU No. 2014-09 replaces substantially all industry-specific revenue recognition requirements and converges areas under this topic with International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU No. 2014-09 implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. ASU No. 2014-09 also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions in ASU No. 2014-09 include capitalizing and amortizing certain contract costs, ensuring the time value of money is considered in the applicable transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. ASU No. 2014-09 was originally effective for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016 (for public entities). On April 1, 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. On July 9, 2015, the FASB affirmed its proposal to defer the effective date to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, although entities may elect to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. The Company adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The impact was minimal upon adoption of the new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of gains and losses on the sale of real estate assets as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle. Rental income from leasing arrangements is a substantial portion of the Company’s revenue, is specifically excluded from ASU No. 2014-09 and will be governed by the applicable lease codification ("ASU No. 2016-02").
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) ("ASU No. 2016-08"). The amendments clarify how an entity should identify the unit of accounting (i.e., the specified good or service) for the principal versus agent evaluation, and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements, such as service transactions, by explaining what a principal controls before the specified good or service is transferred to the customer. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU No. 2014-09 described above. The Company adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The impact was minimal upon adoption of the new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements relating to the recognition of reporting revenue gross versus net on its consolidated financial statements as the Company’s current accounting for such transactions is consistent with the new guidance’s core principle.