PROSPECTUS

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)

Registration No. 333-236041

1847 HOLDINGS LLC

756,936 Common Shares

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This prospectus relates to 756,936 common shares that may be sold from time to time by the selling shareholders named in this prospectus.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of outstanding common shares by the selling shareholders.

Our common shares are quoted on the OTCQB Market operated by OTC Markets Group Inc. under the symbol “EFSH.” On the date of this prospectus, the closing price of our common shares on the OTCQB Market was $1.67.

The selling shareholders may offer and sell the common shares being offered by this prospectus from time to time in public or private transactions, or both. These sales may occur at fixed prices, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices. The selling shareholders may sell shares to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling shareholders, the purchasers of the shares, or both. Any participating broker-dealers and any selling shareholders who are affiliates of broker-dealers may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and any commissions or discounts given to any such broker-dealer or affiliates of a broker-dealer may be regarded as underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. The selling shareholders have informed us that they do not have any agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute their common shares. See “Plan of Distribution” for a more complete description of the ways in which the shares may be sold.

Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 28 to read about factors you should consider before you make an investment decision.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is September 28, 2021

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Prospectus Summary		1
Risk Factors		28
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		67
Use of Proceeds		69
Dividend and Distribution Policy		70
Market Price of Common Equity and Related Shareholder Matters		71
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		72
Corporate History and Structure		96
The Manager		98
Business		113
Management		139
Executive Compensation		142
Current Relationships and Related Party Transactions		144
Principal and Selling Shareholders		146
Description of Securities		148
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations		155
Plan of Distribution		164
Legal Matters		166
Experts		166
Where You Can Find More Information		166
Financial Statements		F-1

You should rely only on the information that we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representation. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. You should assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of the document and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security.

Unless otherwise indicated, information in this prospectus concerning economic conditions, our industries and our markets is based on a variety of sources, including information from third-party industry analysts and publications and our own estimates and research. This information involves a number of assumptions, estimates and limitations. The industry publications, surveys and forecasts and other public information generally indicate or suggest that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. None of the third party industry publications used in this prospectus were prepared on our behalf. The industries in which we operate are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors” in this prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications.

We own or have rights to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our businesses. This prospectus may also contain trademarks, service marks and trade names of third parties, which are the property of their respective owners. Our use or display of third parties’ trademarks, service marks and trade names or products in this prospectus is not intended to, and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship by us. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ®, ™ or SM symbols, but the omission of such references is not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable owner of these trademarks, service marks and trade names.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The items in the following summary are described in more detail later in this prospectus. This summary provides an overview of selected information and does not contain all the information you should consider. Therefore, you should also read the more detailed information set out in this prospectus, including the financial statements, the notes thereto and matters set forth under “Risk Factors.”

Unless the context requires otherwise, the words “we,” “us,” “our” and “our company” refer collectively to 1847 Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Our Company

Overview

We are an acquisition holding company focused on acquiring and managing a group of small businesses, which we characterize as those that have an enterprise value of less than $50 million, in a variety of different industries headquartered in North America. To date, we have completed five acquisitions and subsequently spun off two of the acquired companies.

On May 28, 2020, our subsidiary 1847 Asien Inc., or 1847 Asien, acquired Asien’s Appliance, Inc., a California corporation, or Asien’s. Asien’s has been in business since 1948 serving the North Bay area of Sonoma County, California. It provides a wide variety of appliance services, including sales, delivery/installation, in-home service and repair, extended warranties, and financing. Its main focus is delivering personal sales and exceptional service to its customers at competitive prices.

On September 30, 2020, our subsidiary 1847 Cabinet Inc., or 1847 Cabinet, acquired Kyle’s Custom Wood Shop, Inc., an Idaho corporation, or Kyle’s. Kyle’s is a leading custom cabinetry maker servicing contractors and homeowners since 1976 in Boise, Idaho and the surrounding area. Kyle’s focuses on designing, building, and installing custom cabinetry primarily for custom and semi-custom builders.

On March 30, 2021, our subsidiary 1847 Wolo Inc., or 1847 Wolo, acquired Wolo Mfg. Corp., a New York corporation, and Wolo Industrial Horn & Signal, Inc., a New York corporation (which we collectively refer to as Wolo). Headquartered in Deer Park, New York and founded in 1965, Wolo designs and manufactures horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle and industrial equipment), and offers vehicle emergency and safety warning lights for cars, trucks, industrial equipment and emergency vehicles.

Our first acquisition was on March 3, 2017, pursuant to which our subsidiary 1847 Neese Inc., or 1847 Neese, acquired Neese, Inc., or Neese, a business specializing in providing a wide range of land application services and selling equipment and parts in Grand Junction, Iowa. On April 19, 2021, we sold 1847 Neese back to the original sellers.

On April 5, 2019, our subsidiary 1847 Goedeker Inc., or 1847 Goedeker, acquired substantially all of the assets of Goedeker Television Co., or Goedeker Television, a one-stop e-commerce destination for home furnishings, including appliances, furniture, home goods and related products. On October 23, 2020, we distributed all of the shares of 1847 Goedeker that we held to our shareholders, so we no longer own 1847 Goedeker.

Through our structure, we offer investors an opportunity to participate in the ownership and growth of a portfolio of businesses that traditionally have been owned and managed by private equity firms, private individuals or families, financial institutions or large conglomerates. We believe that our management and acquisition strategies will allow us to achieve our goals to begin making and growing regular distributions to our common shareholders and increasing common shareholder value over time.

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purchaser of their businesses. We make these businesses our majority-owned subsidiaries and actively manage and grow such businesses. We expect to improve our businesses over the long term through organic growth opportunities, add-on acquisitions and operational improvements.

Our Manager

We have engaged 1847 Partners LLC, which we refer to as our manager, to manage our day-to-day operations and affairs, oversee the management and operations of our businesses and perform certain other services on our behalf, subject to the oversight of our board of directors. We believe that our manager’s expertise and experience is a critical factor in executing our strategy to begin making and growing monthly distributions to our common shareholders and increasing common shareholder value over time. Ellery W. Roberts, our Chief Executive Officer, is the sole manager of our manager and, as a result, our manager is an affiliate of Mr. Roberts.

At our inception, our manager engaged Ellery W. Roberts as our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Roberts is also an employee of our manager and is seconded to our company, which means that he has been assigned by our manager to work for our company during the term of the management services agreement. Although Mr. Roberts is an employee of our manager, he reports directly to our board of directors.

Since 2000, Mr. Roberts has developed and grown multiple sector-specific platform businesses, through the consummation of more than 40 acquisitions. Mr. Roberts was actively involved in all aspects of deal sourcing, structuring, financing, investment committee approval and post-closing management of these acquisitions. He has more than 20 years of experience in acquiring and managing small businesses and has been directly involved with over $3 billion in direct private equity investments. Collectively, our management team has more than 60 years of combined experience in acquiring and managing small businesses and has overseen the acquisitions and financing of over 50 businesses.

We entered into a management services agreement with our manager on April 15, 2013, pursuant to which we are required to pay our manager a quarterly management fee equal to 0.5% (2.0% annualized) of our company’s adjusted net assets for services performed.

Our manager owns all of the allocation shares of our company, which are a separate class of limited liability company interests. The allocation shares generally will entitle our manager to receive a 20% profit allocation upon the sale of a particular subsidiary, calculated based on whether the gains generated by such sale (in excess of a high water mark) plus certain historical profits of the subsidiary exceed an annual hurdle rate of 8% (which rate is multiplied by the subsidiary’s average share of our consolidated net assets). Once such hurdle rate has been exceeded then the profit allocation becomes payable to our manager as described in “The Manager — Our Manager as an Equity Holder — Manager’s Profit Allocation.”

Our Market Opportunity

We acquire and manage small businesses, which we characterize as those that have an enterprise value of less than $50 million. We believe that the merger and acquisition market for small businesses is highly fragmented and provides significant opportunities to purchase businesses at attractive prices. For example, according to GF Data, platform acquisitions with enterprise values greater than $50.0 million commanded valuation premiums 30% higher than platform acquisitions with enterprise values less than $50.0 million (8.2x trailing twelve month adjusted EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) versus 6.3x trailing twelve month adjusted EBITDA, respectively).

We believe that the following factors contribute to lower acquisition multiples for small businesses:

• there are typically fewer potential acquirers for these businesses;

• third-party financing generally is less available for these acquisitions;

• sellers of these businesses may consider non-economic factors, such as continuing board membership or the effect of the sale on their employees; and

• these businesses are generally less frequently sold pursuant to an auction process.

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We believe that our management team’s strong relationships with business brokers, investment and commercial bankers, accountants, attorneys and other potential sources of acquisition opportunities offers us substantial opportunities to purchase small businesses. See “Management” for more information about our management team.

We also believe that significant opportunities exist to improve the performance of the businesses upon their acquisition. In the past, our manager has acquired businesses that are often formerly owned by seasoned entrepreneurs or large corporate parents. In these cases, our manager has frequently found that there have been opportunities to further build upon the management teams of acquired businesses. In addition, our manager has frequently found that financial reporting and management information systems of acquired businesses may be improved, both of which can lead to substantial improvements in earnings and cash flow. Finally, because these businesses tend to be too small to have their own corporate development efforts, we believe opportunities exist to assist these businesses in meaningful ways as they pursue organic or external growth strategies that were often not pursued by their previous owners.

Our Strategy

Our long-term goals are to begin making and growing regular distributions to our common shareholders and to increase common shareholder value over the long-term. We plan to continue focusing on acquiring businesses. Therefore, we intend to continue to identify, perform due diligence on, negotiate and consummate platform acquisitions of small businesses in attractive industry sectors.

Unlike buyers of small businesses that rely on significant leverage to consummate acquisitions, we plan to limit the use of third party (i.e., external) acquisition leverage so that our debt will not exceed the market value of the assets we acquire and so that our debt to EBITDA ratio will not exceed 1.25x to 1 for our operating subsidiaries. We believe that limiting leverage in this manner will avoid the imposition on stringent lender controls on our operations that would otherwise potentially hamper the growth of our operating subsidiaries and otherwise harm our business even during times when we have positive operating cash flows. Additionally, in our experience, leverage rarely leads to “break-out” returns and often creates negative return outcomes that are not correlated with the profitability of the business.

Our Management Strategy

Our management strategy involves the identification, performance of due diligence, negotiation and consummation of acquisitions. After acquiring businesses, we attempt to grow the businesses both organically and through add-on or bolt-on acquisitions. Add-on or bolt-on acquisitions are acquisitions by a company of other companies in the same industry. Following the acquisition of companies, we seek to grow the earnings and cash flow of acquired companies and, in turn, begin making and growing regular distributions to our common shareholders and to increase common shareholder value over time. We believe we can increase the cash flows of our businesses by applying our intellectual capital to improve and grow our businesses.

We seek to acquire and manage small businesses. We believe that the merger and acquisition market for small businesses is highly fragmented and provides opportunities to purchase businesses at attractive prices. We believe we will be able to acquire small businesses for multiples ranging from three to six times EBITDA. We also believe, and our manager has historically found, that significant opportunities exist to improve the performance of these businesses upon their acquisition.

In general, our manager oversees and supports the management team of our businesses by, among other things:

• recruiting and retaining managers to operate our businesses by using structured incentive compensation programs, including minority equity ownership, tailored to each business;

• regularly monitoring financial and operational performance, instilling consistent financial discipline, and supporting management in the development and implementation of information systems;

• assisting the management teams of our businesses in their analysis and pursuit of prudent organic growth strategies;

• identifying and working with business management teams to execute on attractive external growth and acquisition opportunities;

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• identifying and executing operational improvements and integration opportunities that will lead to lower operating costs and operational optimization;

• providing the management teams of our businesses the opportunity to leverage our experience and expertise to develop and implement business and operational strategies; and

• forming strong subsidiary level boards of directors to supplement management teams in their development and implementation of strategic goals and objectives.

We also believe that our long-term perspective provides us with certain additional advantages, including the ability to:

• recruit and develop management teams for our businesses that are familiar with the industries in which our businesses operate;

• focus on developing and implementing business and operational strategies to build and sustain shareholder value over the long term;

• create sector-specific businesses enabling us to take advantage of vertical and horizontal acquisition opportunities within a given sector;

• achieve exposure in certain industries in order to create opportunities for future acquisitions; and

• develop and maintain long-term collaborative relationships with customers and suppliers.

We intend to continually increase our intellectual capital as we operate our businesses and acquire new businesses and as our manager identifies and recruits qualified operating partners and managers for our businesses.

Our Acquisition Strategy

Our acquisition strategies involve the acquisition of small businesses in various industries that we expect will produce positive and stable earnings and cash flow, as well as achieve attractive returns on our invested capital. In this respect, we expect to make acquisitions in industries wherein we believe an acquisition presents an attractive opportunity from the perspective of both (i) return on assets or equity and (ii) an easily identifiable path for growing the acquired businesses. We believe that attractive opportunities will increasingly present themselves as private sector owners seek to monetize their interests in longstanding and privately held businesses and large corporate parents seek to dispose of their “non-core” operations.

We believe that the greatest opportunities for generating consistently positive annual returns and, ultimately, residual returns on capital invested in acquisitions will result from targeting capital light businesses operating in niche geographical markets with a clearly identifiable competitive advantage within the following industries: business services, consumer services, consumer products, consumable industrial products, industrial services, niche light manufacturing, distribution, alternative/specialty finance and in select cases, specialty retail. While we believe that the professional experience of our management team within the industries identified above will offer the greatest number of acquisition opportunities, we will not eschew opportunities if a business enjoys an inarguable moat around its products and services in an industry which our management team may have less familiarity.

From a financial perspective, we expect to make acquisitions of small businesses that are stable, have minimal bad debt, and strong accounts receivable. In addition, we expect to acquire companies that have been able to generate positive pro forma cash available for distribution for a minimum of three years prior to acquisition. Our previous acquisitions met these acquisition criteria.

We benefit from our manager’s ability to identify diverse acquisition opportunities in a variety of industries. In addition, we rely upon our management teams’ experience and expertise in researching and valuing prospective target businesses, as well as negotiating the ultimate acquisition of such target businesses. In particular, because there may be a lack of information available about these target businesses, which may make it more difficult to understand or appropriately value such target businesses, our manager will:

• engage in a substantial level of internal and third-party due diligence;

• critically evaluate the management team;

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• identify and assess any financial and operational strengths and weaknesses of any target business;

• analyze comparable businesses to assess financial and operational performances relative to industry competitors;

• actively research and evaluate information on the relevant industry; and

• thoroughly negotiate appropriate terms and conditions of any acquisition.

The process of acquiring new businesses is time-consuming and complex. Our manager has historically taken from 2 to 24 months to perform due diligence on, negotiate and close acquisitions. Although we expect our manager to be at various stages of evaluating several transactions at any given time, there may be significant periods of time during which it does not recommend any new acquisitions to us.

Upon an acquisition of a new business, we rely on our manager’s experience and expertise to work efficiently and effectively with the management of the new business to jointly develop and execute a business plan.

While primarily seek to acquire controlling interests in a business, we may also acquire non-control or minority equity positions in businesses where we believe it is consistent with our long-term strategy.

As discussed in more detail below, we intend to raise capital for additional acquisitions primarily through debt financing, primarily at our operating company level, additional equity offerings by our company, the sale of all or a part of our businesses or by undertaking a combination of any of the above.

Our primary corporate purpose is to own, operate and grow our operating businesses. However, in addition to acquiring businesses, we expect to sell businesses that we own from time to time. Our decision to sell a business will be based upon financial, operating and other considerations rather than a plan to complete a sale of a business within any specific time frame. We may also decide to own and operate some or all of our businesses in perpetuity if our board believes that it makes sense to do so. Upon the sale of a business, we may use the resulting proceeds to retire debt or retain proceeds for future acquisitions or general corporate purposes. Generally, we do not expect to make special distributions at the time of a sale of one of our businesses; instead, we expect that we will seek to gradually increase regular common shareholder distributions over time.

Summary of Our Businesses

Retail and Appliances

Our retail and appliances business is operated by Asien’s. This business segment, which was acquired in the second quarter of 2020, accounted for approximately 49.4% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 57.90% of our total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Asien’s has been in business since 1948 serving the North Bay area of Sonoma County, California. It provides a wide variety of appliance services, including sales, delivery/installation, in-home service and repair, extended warranties, and financing. Its main focus is delivering personal sales and exceptional service to its customers at competitive prices.

Asien’s is one of the area’s oldest appliance stores and is well known and highly respected throughout the North Bay area. Asien’s has strong, established relationships with customers and contractors in the community. It provides products and services to a diverse group of customers, including homeowners, builders, and designers. As a member of BrandSource, a buying group that offers vendor programs, factory direct deals, marketing support, opportunity buys, close-outs, consumer rebates, finance offers, and similar benefits, Asien’s offers a full line of top brands from U.S. and international manufacturers.

Our retail and appliances segment generated revenues of $7,625,222 for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and $6,616,984 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Prior to our acquisition, Asien’s generated revenues of $13,361,870 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

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Custom Cabinetry

Our custom cabinetry business is operated by Kyle’s. This business segment, which was acquired in the third quarter of 2020, accounted for approximately 7.3% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 24.77% of our total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Headquartered in Boise, Idaho and founded in 1976, Kyle’s designs, builds, and installs custom cabinetry for contractors and homeowners in Boise and the surrounding area. Kyle’s focuses on designing, building and installing custom cabinetry primarily for custom and semi-custom builders. Its products include kitchen, bath, home and office cabinets. Kyle’s also offers fireplace mantels, surrounds, entertainment systems, wall units and bookcases. Kyle’s products are sold on a regional basis directly to homeowners and contractors and through a network of several long-term recurring customers. Established for over 40 years in its markets, Kyle’s has built a strong reputation for best-in-class processes, product quality, and timeliness.

Our custom cabinetry segment generated revenues of $1,120,224 for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and $2,830,877 for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Automotive Supplies

Our automotive supplies business is operated by Wolo, which was acquired on March 30, 2021.

Headquartered in Deer Park, New York and founded in 1965, Wolo designs and manufactures horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle and industrial equipment), and offers vehicle emergency and safety warning lights for cars, trucks, industrial equipment and emergency vehicles. Focused on the automotive and industrial after-market, Wolo sells its products to big-box national retail chains, through specialty and industrial distributors, as well as on-line/mail order retailers and original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs. With a stellar reputation for innovative design, Wolo’s current product line consists of 40 patented products, as well as over 90 exclusive trademarks.

Our automotive supplies segment generated revenues of $1,980,368 for the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021. Prior to our acquisition, Wolo generated revenues of $7,444,776 and $7,640,304 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Our Structure

Our company is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed on January 22, 2013. Your rights as a holder of common shares, and the fiduciary duties of our board of directors and executive officers, and any limitations relating thereto, are set forth in the operating agreement governing our company and may differ from those applying to a Delaware corporation. See “Description of Securities” for more information about the operating agreement. However, subject to certain exceptions, the documents governing our company specify that the duties of our directors and officers will be generally consistent with the duties of directors and officers of a Delaware corporation.

Our company is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under the partnership income tax provisions, our company will not incur any U.S. federal income tax liability; rather, each of our shareholders will be required to take into account his or her allocable share of company income, gain, loss, and deduction. As a holder of our shares, you may not receive cash distributions sufficient in amount to cover taxes in respect of your allocable share of our company’s net taxable income. Our company will file a partnership return with the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and will issue tax information, including a Schedule K-1, to you that describes your allocable share of our company’s income, gain, loss, deduction, and other items. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply to partnerships are complex and complying with the reporting requirements may require significant time and expense. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for more information.

Our company currently has three classes of limited liability company interests — the common shares, the series A senior convertible preferred shares and the allocation shares. All of our allocation shares have been and will continue to be held by our manager. See “Description of Securities” for more information about our shares.

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Our Competitive Advantages

We believe that our manager’s collective investment experience and approach to executing our investment strategy provide our company with several competitive advantages. These competitive advantages, certain of which are discussed below, have enabled our management to generate very attractive risk-adjusted returns for investors in their predecessor firms.

Robust Network. Through their activities with their predecessor firms and their comprehensive marketing capabilities, we believe that the management team of our manager has established a “top of mind” position among investment bankers and business brokers targeting small businesses. By employing an institutionalized, multi-platform marketing strategy, we believe our manager has established a robust national network of personal relationships with intermediaries, seasoned operating executives, entrepreneurs and managers, thereby firmly establishing our company’s presence and credibility in the small business market. In contrast to many other buyers of and investors in small businesses, we believe that we can buy businesses at value-oriented multiples and through our asset management activities with a group of professional, experienced and talented operating partners, create appreciable value. We believe our experience, track record and consistent execution of our marketing and investment activities will allow us to maintain a leadership position as the preferred partner for today’s small business market.

Disciplined Deal Sourcing. We employ an institutionalized, multi-platform approach to sourcing new acquisition opportunities. Our deal sourcing efforts include leveraging relationships with more than 3,000 qualified deal sources through regular calling, mail and e-mail campaigns, assignment of regional marketing responsibilities, in-person visits and high-profile sponsorship of important conferences and industry events. We supplement these activities by retaining selected intermediary firms to conduct targeted searches for opportunities in specific categories on an opportunistic basis. As a result of the significant time and effort spent on these activities, we believe we established close relationships and unique “top of mind” awareness with many of the most productive intermediary sources for small business acquisition opportunities in the United States. While reinforcing our market leadership, this capability enables us to generate a large number of attractive acquisition opportunities.

Differentiated Acquisition Capabilities in the Small Business Market. We deploy a differentiated approach to acquiring businesses in the small business market. Our management concentrates their efforts on mature companies with sustainable value propositions, which can be supported by our resources and institutional expertise. Our evaluation of acquisition opportunities typically involves significant input from a seasoned operating partner with relevant experience, which we believe enhances both our diligence and ongoing monitoring capabilities. In addition, we approach every acquisition opportunity with creative structures, which we believe enables us to engineer mutually attractive scenarios for sellers, whereas competing buyers may be limited by their rigid structural requirements. We believe our commitment to conservative capital structures and valuation will enhance each acquired operating subsidiary’s ability to deliver consistent levels of cash available for distribution, while additionally supporting reinvestment for growth.

Value Proposition for Business Owners. We employ a creative, flexible approach by tailoring each acquisition structure to meet the specific liquidity needs and certain qualitative objectives of the target’s owners and management team. In addition to serving as an exit pathway for sellers, we seek to align our interests with the sellers by enabling them to retain and/or earn (through incentive compensation) a substantial economic interest in their businesses following the acquisition and by typically allowing the incumbent management team to retain operating control of the acquired operating subsidiary on a day-to-day basis. We believe that our company is an appealing buyer for small business owners and managers due to our track record of capitalizing portfolio companies conservatively, enhancing our ability to execute on its strategic initiatives and adding equity value. As a result, we believe business owners and managers will find our company to be a dynamic, value-added buyer that brings considerable resources to achieve their strategic, capital and operating needs, resulting in substantial value creation for the operating subsidiary.

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regarding not only the business, financial and legal due diligence aspects of a business but also the more operational aspects including industry dynamics, management strength and strategic growth initiatives. We typically engage an operating partner soon after identifying a target business for acquisition, enhancing our acquisition judgment and building the acquisition team’s relationship with the subsidiary’s management team. Operating partners usually serve as a member of the board of directors of an operating subsidiary and spend two to four days per month working with the subsidiary’s management team. We leverage the operating partner’s extensive experience to build the management team, improve operations and assist with strategic growth initiatives, resulting in value creation.

Small Business Market Experience. We believe the history and experience of our manager’s partnering with companies in the small business market allows us to identify highly attractive acquisition opportunities and add significant value to our operating subsidiaries. Our manager’s investment experience in the small business market prior to forming our company has further contributed to our institutional expertise in the acquisition, strategic and operational decisions critical to the long-term success of small businesses. Since 2000, the management team of our manager has collectively been presented with several thousand investment opportunities and actively worked with more than 30 small businesses on all facets of their strategy, development and operations, which we have successfully translated into unique, institutionalized capabilities directed towards creating value in small businesses.

Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic

Starting in late 2019, a novel strain of the coronavirus, or COVID-19, began to rapidly spread around the world and every state in the United States. Most states and cities have at various times instituted quarantines, restrictions on travel, “stay at home” rules, social distancing measures and restrictions on the types of businesses that could continue to operate, as well as guidance in response to the pandemic and the need to contain it. At this time, there continues to be significant volatility and uncertainty relating to the full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it will impact our business, operations and financial results.

Asien’s was qualified as an essential business and remained open during the pandemic, with certain occupancy restrictions at times, so it did not experience any meaningful business interruption. However, Asien’s is dependent upon suppliers to provide it with all of the products that its sells. The pandemic has impacted and may continue to impact suppliers and manufacturers of certain of its products. As a result, Asien’s has faced and may continue to face delays or difficulty sourcing certain products, which could negatively affect its business and financial results. Even if Asien’s is able to find alternate sources for such products, they may cost more, which could adversely impact Asien’s profitability and financial condition.

Kyle’s was also qualified as an essential business and remained open during the pandemic, with certain occupancy restrictions at times, so it did not experience any meaningful business interruption. However, certain key customers of Kyle’s elected to either temporarily stop building homes or delayed their building process, particularly during the second quarter of 2020, which adversely affected Kyle’s sales. Further, early on during the pandemic, several of Kyle’s employees had taken time off because of medical issues, and certain of them did not return to employment. Kyle’s has been hiring and training new employees to replace lost productivity because of the aforementioned loss of employees. Kyle’s did not experience any meaningful business interruption related to any of its key suppliers; although recently, potentially as a result of the pandemic and resulting impact, Kyle’s has seen price increases in certain key raw materials such as wood products and hardware. These increases may negatively affect Kyle’s profitability and financial condition. If the pace of the pandemic does not continue to slow, it may continue to negatively affect Kyle’s ability to generate sales opportunities and to hire productive employees, as well as impact the cost of raw materials. Therefore, Kyle’s business operations may experience further delays and experience lost sales opportunities and increased costs, which could further adversely impact Kyle’s profitability and financial condition.

Wolo qualified as an essential business and remained open during the pandemic. At no time during the pandemic did it experience an internal contamination forcing it to stop its business. The pandemic has had a dramatic impact on Wolo’s supply chain like others in the automotive aftermarket. Approximately 90% of Wolo’s vendor base is located in China. The pandemic issues impacting ports in the U.S. due to lack of personnel has had a ripple effect on Chinese suppliers. Containers are slow to be emptied in the U.S., causing a backlog of ships waiting to get into ports and limiting containers and ships returning to China. The lack of containers and available space on ships has escalated shipping costs by over 300% from 2020. Costs for raw materials have also started to increase due to availability. Wolo

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cannot absorb these increases and began passing on a price increase to customers starting June 1, 2021, although the effective date may be later for some customers. We believe that this is an industry-wide issue and that it should not put Wolo in an unfavorable pricing position.

The spread of COVID-19 has also adversely impacted global economic activity and has contributed to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. The pandemic has resulted, and may continue to result, in a significant disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce our ability to access capital in the future, which could negatively affect our liquidity.

The extent to which the pandemic may impact our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted as of the date of this prospectus, including the effectiveness of vaccines and other treatments for COVID-19, and other new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the pandemic and steps taken to contain the pandemic or treat its impact, among others. Nevertheless, the pandemic and the current financial, economic and capital markets environment, and future developments in the global supply chain and other areas present material uncertainty and risk with respect to our performance, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See also “Risk Factors” for more information.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 590 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10022 and our telephone number is 212-417-9800. We maintain a website at www.1847holdings.com. Asien’s maintains a website at www.asiensappliance.com, Kyle’s maintains a website at www.kylescabinets.com and Wolo maintains a website at www.wolo-mfg.com. Information available on our websites is not incorporated by reference in and is not deemed a part of this prospectus.

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The Offering

Common shares offered by selling shareholders:		This prospectus relates to 756,936 common shares that may be sold from time to time by the selling shareholders named in this prospectus.
Common shares outstanding(1)		4,842,851 common shares.
Use of proceeds:		We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of outstanding common shares by the selling shareholders.
Dividend policy:		We intend to pursue a policy of making regular monthly distributions on our outstanding common shares, subject to our operating subsidiaries generating sufficient cash flow to support such regular cash distributions. Our distribution policy will be based on the liquidity and capital of our businesses and on our intention to pay out as distributions to our shareholders most of the cash resulting from the ordinary operation of the businesses, and not to retain significant cash balances in excess of what is prudent for our company or our businesses, or as may be prudent for the consummation of attractive acquisition opportunities. If our strategy is successful, we expect to maintain and increase the level of monthly distributions to common shareholders in the future. The declaration and payment of any monthly distribution to our common shareholders will be subject to the approval of our board of directors. Our board of directors will take into account such matters as general business conditions, our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and any contractual, legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of distributions by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and any other factors that the board of directors deems relevant. However, even if our board of directors were to decide to declare and pay distributions, our ability to pay such distributions may be adversely impacted due to unknown liabilities, government regulations, financial covenants of the debt of our company, funds needed for acquisitions and to satisfy short- and long-term working capital needs of our businesses, or if our operating subsidiaries do not generate sufficient earnings and cash flow to support the payment of such distributions. In particular, we may incur debt in the future to acquire new businesses, which debt will have substantial debt commitments, which must be satisfied before we can make distributions. These factors could affect our ability to continue to make monthly distributions to our common shareholders. See “Dividend Policy” for more information.
Risk factors:		Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you should be able to bear a complete loss of your investment. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 28.
Trading market and symbol:		Our common shares are quoted on the OTCQB market under the symbol “EFSH.”

The number of common shares outstanding excludes:

• up to approximately 5,086,251 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series A senior convertible preferred shares; and

• up to 4,450,460 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $2.50 per share.

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Summary of Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks summarized below. These risks are discussed more fully in the “Risk Factors” section immediately following this Prospectus Summary. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

Risks Related to Our Business and Structure

• The COVID-19 pandemic may cause a material adverse effect on our business.

• We have a limited operating history and we may not be able to manage our businesses on a profitable basis.

• Our auditors have issued a going concern opinion on our audited financial statements.

• We may not be able to effectively integrate the businesses that we acquire.

• We may not be able to successfully fund acquisitions due to the unavailability of debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, which could impede the implementation of our acquisition strategy.

• If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from the anticipated dividends and interest payments that we expect to receive from our businesses, we may not be able to make distributions to our shareholders.

Risks Related to Our Retail and Appliances Business

• If we fail to acquire new customers or retain existing customers, or fail to do so in a cost-effective manner, we may not be able to achieve profitability.

• Our business depends on our ability to build and maintain strong brands.

• Our business is highly competitive. Competition presents an ongoing threat to the success of our business.

• System interruptions that impair customer access to our sites or other performance failures or incidents involving our logistics network, our technology infrastructure or our critical technology partners could damage our business, reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

• We may be subject to product liability and other similar claims if people or property are harmed by the products we sell.

• Risks associated with the suppliers from whom our products are sourced could materially adversely affect our financial performance as well as our reputation and brand.

• Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Custom Cabinetry Business

• The loss of any of our key customers could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.

• Our business primarily relies on U.S. home improvement, repair and remodel and new home construction activity levels, all of which are impacted by risks associated with fluctuations in the housing market.

• Increases in interest rates and the reduced availability of financing for home improvements may cause our sales and profitability to decrease.

• Difficulties in recruiting adequate personnel may have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our growth expectations.

• In the event of a catastrophic loss of our key manufacturing facility, our business would be adversely affected.

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• We could face potential product liability claims relating to our products which could result in significant costs and liabilities, which would reduce our profitability.

• We have historically depended on a limited number of third parties to supply key raw materials or finished goods to us.

• Environmental requirements applicable to our facilities may impose significant environmental compliance costs and liabilities, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Automotive Supply Business

• If we fail to offer a broad selection of products at competitive prices or fail to maintain sufficient inventory to meet customer demands, our revenue could decline.

• We are highly dependent upon key suppliers and an interruption in such relationships or our ability to obtain products from such suppliers could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

• We are dependent upon relationships with manufacturers in Taiwan and China, which exposes us to complex regulatory regimes and logistical challenges.

• If our fulfillment operations are interrupted for any significant period of time or are not sufficient to accommodate increased demand, our sales could decline and our reputation could be harmed.

• We face exposure to product liability lawsuits.

• Business interruptions in our facilities may affect the distribution of our products and/or the stability of our computer systems, which may affect our business.

Risks Related to Our Relationship with Our Manager

• Termination of the management services agreement will not affect our manager’s rights to receive profit allocations and removal of our manager may cause us to incur significant fees.

• Our manager and the members of our management team may engage in activities that compete with us or our businesses.

• The management fee and profit allocation to be paid to our manager may significantly reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to shareholders and for operations.

• Our manager’s influence on conducting our business and operations, including acquisitions, gives it the ability to increase its fees and compensation to our Chief Executive Officer, which may reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

• The obligations to pay the management fee and profit allocation, including the put price, may cause our company to liquidate assets or incur debt.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Shares

• Our common shares are quoted on the OTCQB Market, which may have an unfavorable impact on our share price and liquidity.

• An active, liquid trading market for our common shares may not be sustained.

• Our series A senior convertible preferred shares are senior to our common shares as to distributions and in liquidation, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our common shareholders.

• We may issue additional debt and equity securities, which are senior to our common shares as to distributions and in liquidation, which could materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

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Summary Consolidated Financial Information

The following tables summarize certain financial data regarding our business and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Our summary consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the years then ended are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We derived our summary consolidated financial data as of June 30, 2021 and for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The summary financial data for Wolo as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the years then ended are derived from the audited combined financial statements of Wolo included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The summary financial data for Asien’s as of December 31, 2019 and for the year then ended are derived from the audited financial statements of Asien’s included elsewhere in this prospectus.

In accordance with SEC rules, we have not included historical financial statements for Kyle’s in this prospectus because the acquisition of Kyle’s was not deemed to be significant.

All financial statements included in this prospectus are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The summary financial information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial condition and operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.

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1847 Holdings LLC

Statements of Operations Data	Six Months Ended June 30,						Years Ended December 31,
Statements of Operations Data	2021			2020			2020			2019
	(unaudited)			(unaudited)
Total revenue	$	11,428,229		$	1,185,980		$	15,448,045			6,380,025
Total operating expenses		12,019,415			1,880,831			17,970,451			7,698,779
Net loss from operations		(591,186	)		(694,851	)		(2,522,406	)		(1,318,754	)
Total other income (expense)		2,700,142			(35,408	)		(941,837	)		(498,577	)
Net income (loss) before income taxes		2,108,956			(730,259	)		(3,464,243	)		(1,817,331	)
Income tax benefit		21,900			15,000			431,631			504,060
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	2,130,856		$	(715,259	)	$	(3,032,612	)	$	(1,313,271	)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations		240,405			(6,207,057	)		(11,662,991	)		(2,068,150	)
Less net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests		108,182			(1,997,884	)		4,491,220			620,445
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to common shareholders		132,223			(4,209,173	)		(7,171,771	)		(1,447,705	)
Net income (loss)		2,263,079			(4,924,432	)		(10,204,383	)		(2,760,976	)
Less net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(41,620	)		(9,439			(595,731	)		(514,019	)
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	2,304,699		$	(4,914,993	)	$	(9,608,652	)	$	(2,246,957	)
Preferred stock accrued dividend		499,388			—			—			—
Deemed dividend related to issuance of preferred stock		1,527,086			—			3,051,478		$	—
Distribution – allocation shares		—			—			5,985,000			—
1847 Goedeker spin-off dividend		—			—			283,257			—
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders	$	278,225		$	(4,914,993	)	$	(18,928,387	)	$	(2,246,957	)
Net income (loss) per common share from continuing operations: basic	$	0.46		$	(0.22	)	$	(0.82	)	$	(0.42	)
Net income (loss) per common share from discontinued operations: basic	$	0.05		$	(1.89	)	$	(3.16	)	$	(0.66	)
Net income (loss) per common share: basic	$	0.49		$	(1.50	)	$	(2.60	)	$	(0.71	)
Net income (loss) per common share from continuing operations: diluted	$	0.34		$	(0.22	)	$	(0.82	)	$	(0.42	)
Net income (loss) per common share from discontinued operations: diluted	$	0.04		$	(1.89	)	$	(3.16	)	$	(0.66	)
Net income (loss) per common share: diluted	$	0.04		$	(1.49	)	$	(2.60	)	$	(0.71	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: basic		4,655,551			3,290,747			3,692,429			3,147,918
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: diluted		6,234,683			3,290,747			3,692,429			3,147,918

Balance Sheet Data	As of June 30, 2021		As of December 31, 2020		As of December 31, 2019
	(unaudited)
Cash	$	1,477,524	$	1,393,368	$	174,290
Restricted cash		—		403,811		—
Total current assets		9,108,502		5,874,530		5,726,093
Total assets		23,749,887		19,239,940		19,294,792
Total current liabilities		9,399,513		8,083,830		16,663,353
Total liabilities		14,740,343		15,993,790		23,293,586
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)		9,009,544		3,246,150		(3,998,794	)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)	$	23,749,887	$	19,239,940	$	19,294,792

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Wolo

Statements of Income Data	Years Ended December 31,
Statements of Income Data	2020		2019
Revenues	$	7,444,776	$	7,640,304
Cost of goods sold		4,095,389		4,399,717
Gross profit		3,349,387		3,240,587
Total operating expenses		2,326,859		2,626,710
Income from operations		1,022,528		613,877
Total other income (expense)		8,884		80,410
Net income	$	814,791	$	548,911

Balance Sheet Data	As of December31,
Balance Sheet Data	2020		2019
Cash	$	574,983	$	1,091,346
Total current assets		4,677,672		5,343,033
Total assets		4,818,122		5,410,615
Total current liabilities		392,072		189,016
Total liabilities		506,732		189,016
Total stockholders’ equity		4,311,390		5,221,599
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	4,818,122	$	5,410,615

Asien’s

Statement of Income Data	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Total revenue	$	13,361,870
Total costs of revenue		10,255,654
Gross profit		3,106,216
Total operating expenses		1,692,867
Income from operations		1,413,349
Total other income (expense)		(8,504	)
Net income	$	1,404,845

Balance Sheet Data	As of December 31, 2019
Cash	$	1,875,336
Total current assets		4,014,841
Total assets		4,179,581
Total current liabilities		3,070,999
Total liabilities		3,191,264
Total stockholders’ equity		988,317
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	4,179,581

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Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information presented below sets forth the financial position and results of operations of our company after giving effect to the acquisitions of Asien’s, Kyle’s and Wolo and reflects the sale of 1847 Neese in discontinued operations. The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the regulations of the SEC.

The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 combines the historical statement of operations of our company with the historical statement of operations of Asien’s, Kyle’s and Wolo and reflects the sale of 1847 Neese. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 was prepared as if these transactions had occurred on January 1, 2020.

The pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of what our company’s financial position actually would have been had these transactions been completed on the dates indicated or what our company’s results of operations actually would have been had the transactions been completed as of the beginning of the periods indicated. In addition, the consolidated pro forma financial statements do not purport to project the future financial position or operating results of our company. The pro forma consolidated financial statements include adjustments for events that are (1) directly attributable to the transactions, (2) factually supportable, and (3) with respect to the statements of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results.

The pro forma financial information has been derived from and should be read in conjunction with the following:

(a) The consolidated financial statements and related notes of our company for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (which are included elsewhere in this prospectus);

(b) The audited financial statements and related notes of Asien’s for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (which are included elsewhere in this prospectus); and

(c) The audited combined financial statements and related notes of Wolo for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (which are included elsewhere in this prospectus).

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1847 HOLDINGS LLC
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020

	1847 Holdings LLC			Wolo			Asien’s Appliance, Inc. January 1 to May 28, 2020			Kyle’s Custom Wood Shop, Inc. January 1 to September 30, 2020		Pro Forma Adjustments			Notes	Pro Forma
Revenue	$	15,448,045		$	7,444,776		$	5,154,012		$	3,132,105	$	(6,702,599	)	(n-1)	$	24,476,338
Cost of revenue		9,406,228			4,095,389			3,916,192			1,712,824		(2,874,792	)	(n-1)		16,255,841
Gross profit		6,041,817			3,349,387			1,237,820			1,419,281		(3,827,807	)			8,220,498
Operating expenses:
Personnel		2,553,589			584,852			333,900			227,644		(1,818,722	)	(n-1)		1,881,263
Depreciation and amortization		1,447,077			5,949			21,199			90,376		(1,270,465	)	(n-1)		294,136
Fuel		378,115			—			—			—		(378,115	)	(n-1)		—
General and administrative expenses		4,185,442			1,736,058			439,185			499,540		(1,533,011	)	(n-1)		5,974,192
													121,978		(m-1)
													225,000		(m-2)
													300,000		(m-3)
Total operating expenses		8,564,223			2,326,859			794,284			817,560		(4,353,335	)			8,149,591
Net income (loss) from operations		(2,522,406	)		1,022,528			443,536			601,721		525,528				70,907
Other income (expense)
Financing costs		(205,075	)		—			—			—		35,075		(n-1)		(170,000	)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt		(382,681	)		—			—			—		96,331		(n-1)		(286,350	)
Interest expense, net		(460,559	)		(1,130	)		(3,122	)		528		(6,597	)	(p-1)		(696,416	)
													(22,957	)	(p-2)
													(86,589	)	(p-3)
													(128,100	)	(p-4)
													380,932		(n-1)
													(32,745	)	(r-1)
													(268,077	)	(p-5)
													(68,000	)	(p-6)
Gain on sale of property and equipment		130,749			—			—			—		(130,748	)	(n-1)		—
Other income (expense), net		(24,271	)		10,014			18,394			281,125		6,075		(n-1)		291,337
Total other income (expense)		(941,837	)		8,884			15,272			281,653		(225,400	)			(861,429	)
Net income (loss) before income taxes		(3,464,243	)		1,031,412			458,808			883,374		300,128				(790,522	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		(431,631	)		216,621			—			—		157,702		(a-1)		(109,810	)
													347,700		(n-1)
													(180,582	)	(a-1)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations		(3,032,612	)		814,791			458,808			883,374		(24,693	)			(900,332	)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations		(7,171,772	)		—			—			—		(666,860	)			(7,838,632	)
Net income (loss)		(10,204,383	)		814,791			458,808			883,374		(691,553	)			(8,738,963	)
Less net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests		(595,731	)		—			—			—		545,610		(n-1)		(86,739	)
													(36,618	)	(a-3)
Net loss available to common shareholders		(9,608,652	)		814,791			458,808			883,374		(1,200,545	)			(8,652,224	)
Deemed dividend related to issuance of preferred stock		3,051,478			—			—			—		1,527,086		(u-1)		5,086,464
													507,900		(u-2)
Distribution – Allocation shares		5,985,000			—			—			—		—				5,985,000
1847 Goedeker spin-off dividend		283,257			—			—			—		—				283,257
Net income (loss) attributable to 1847 Holdings shareholders	$	(18,928,387	)	$	814,791		$	458,808		$	883,374	$	(3,235,331	)		$	(20,006,745	)
Net loss per common share from continuing operations: basic and diluted	$	(0.82	)													$	(0.21	)
Net loss per common share from discontinued operations: basic and diluted	$	(3.16	)													$	(1.79	)
Net loss per common share: basic and diluted	$	(2.60	)													$	(1.97	)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: basic and diluted		3,692,429						169,411			525,000						4,386,840

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1847 HOLDINGS LLC
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSACTIONS

Wolo Acquisition and Related Transactions

On December 22, 2020, 1847 Holdings LLC (the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary 1847 Wolo Inc. (“1847 Wolo”) entered into a stock purchase agreement (the “Wolo Purchase Agreement”) with Wolo Mfg. Corp., a New York corporation (“Wolo Mfg”), and Wolo Industrial Horn & Signal, Inc., a New York corporation (“Wolo H&S” and together with Wolo Mfg, “Wolo”), and Barbara Solow and Stanley Solow (together, the “Wolo Sellers”), pursuant to which 1847 Wolo agreed to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of Wolo Mfg and Wolo H&S (the “Wolo Acquisition”).

On March 30, 2021, 1847 Wolo, the Company, Wolo and the Sellers entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement to amend certain terms of the Wolo Purchase Agreement. Following entry into such amendment, closing of the Wolo Acquisition was completed on the same day. As a result of this transaction, the Company owns 92.5% of 1847 Wolo, with the remaining 7.5% held by Leonite Capital LLC, and 1847 Wolo owns 100% of Wolo Mfg and Wolo H&S.

The aggregate purchase price is $8,494,524 (subject to adjustment), consisting of (i) $6,550,000 in cash (subject to adjustment), (ii) a 6% secured promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $850,000 and (iii) cash due to seller of $1,094,524.

The purchase price is subject to a post-closing working capital adjustment provision. Under this provision, the Wolo Sellers delivered to 1847 Wolo at the closing an unaudited balance sheet of Wolo as of that date. On or before the 75th day following the closing, 1847 Wolo shall deliver to the Wolo Sellers an audited balance sheet as of the closing date. If the net working capital reflected on such final balance sheet exceeds the net working capital reflected on the preliminary balance sheet delivered at closing, 1847 Wolo shall, within seven days, pay to the Wolo Sellers an amount of cash that is equal to such excess. If the net working capital reflected on the preliminary balance sheet exceeds the net working capital reflected on the final balance, the Wolo Sellers shall, within seven days, pay to 1847 Wolo an amount in cash equal to such excess.

6% Secured Promissory Note

As noted above, a portion of the purchase price under the Wolo Purchase Agreement was paid by the issuance of a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $850,000 by 1847 Wolo to the Wolo Sellers. Interest on the outstanding principal amount will be payable quarterly at the rate of six percent (6%) per annum. The note matures on the 39-month anniversary following the closing of the Wolo Acquisition, at which time the outstanding principal amount of the note, along with all accrued, but unpaid interest, shall be paid in one lump sum. 1847 Wolo has the right to redeem all or any portion of the note at any time prior to the maturity date without premium or penalty of any kind. The note contains customary events of default, including in the event of (i) non-payment, (ii) a default by 1847 Wolo of any of its covenants under the Wolo Purchase Agreement or any other agreement entered into in connection with the Wolo Purchase Agreement, or a breach of any of representations or warranties under such documents, or (iii) the bankruptcy of 1847 Wolo.

The rights of the Wolo Sellers to receive payments under the note are subordinate to the rights of Sterling (as defined below).

Management Services Agreement

On March 30, 2021, 1847 Wolo entered into a Management Services Agreement (the “Wolo Offsetting MSA”) with the Company’s manager, 1847 Partners LLC (the “Manager”). The Wolo Offsetting MSA is an offsetting management services agreement as defined in that certain Management Services Agreement, dated April 15, 2013, between the Company and the Manager (the “MSA”).

Pursuant to the Wolo Offsetting MSA, 1847 Wolo appointed the Manager to provide certain services to it for a quarterly management fee equal to the greater of $75,000 or 2% of Adjusted Net Assets (as defined in the MSA); provided, however, that (i) pro-rated payments shall be made in the first quarter and the last quarter of the term, (ii) if

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the aggregate amount of management fees paid or to be paid by 1847 Wolo, together with all other management fees paid or to be paid by all other subsidiaries of the Company to the Manager, in each case, with respect to any fiscal year exceeds, or is expected to exceed, 9.5% of the Company’s gross income with respect to such fiscal year, then the management fee to be paid by 1847 Wolo for any remaining fiscal quarters in such fiscal year shall be reduced, on a pro rata basis determined by reference to the management fees to be paid to the Manager by all of the subsidiaries of the Company, until the aggregate amount of the Management Fee paid or to be paid by 1847 Wolo, together with all other management fees paid or to be paid by all other subsidiaries of the Company to the Manager, in each case, with respect to such fiscal year, does not exceed 9.5% of the Company’s gross income with respect to such fiscal year, and (iii) if the aggregate amount the management fee paid or to be paid by 1847 Wolo, together with all other management fees paid or to be paid by all other subsidiaries of the Company to the Manager, in each case, with respect to any fiscal quarter exceeds, or is expected to exceed, the aggregate amount of the management fee (before any adjustment thereto) calculated and payable under the MSA (the “Parent Management Fee”) with respect to such fiscal quarter, then the management fee to be paid by 1847 Wolo for such fiscal quarter shall be reduced, on a pro rata basis, until the aggregate amount of the management fee paid or to be paid by 1847 Wolo, together with all other management fees paid or to be paid by all other subsidiaries of the Company to the Manager, in each case, with respect to such fiscal quarter, does not exceed the Parent Management Fee calculated and payable with respect to such fiscal quarter.

The rights of the Manager to receive payments under the Wolo Offsetting MSA are subordinate to the rights of Sterling.

1847 Wolo shall also reimburse the Manager for all costs and expenses of 1847 Wolo which are specifically approved by the board of directors of 1847 Wolo, including all out-of-pocket costs and expenses, that are actually incurred by the Manager or its affiliates on behalf of 1847 Wolo in connection with performing services under the Wolo Offsetting MSA.

The services provided by the Manager include: conducting general and administrative supervision and oversight of 1847 Wolo’s day-to-day business and operations, including, but not limited to, recruiting and hiring of personnel, administration of personnel and personnel benefits, development of administrative policies and procedures, establishment and management of banking services, managing and arranging for the maintaining of liability insurance, arranging for equipment rental, maintenance of all necessary permits and licenses, acquisition of any additional licenses and permits that become necessary, participation in risk management policies and procedures; and overseeing and consulting with respect to 1847 Wolo’s business and operational strategies, the implementation of such strategies and the evaluation of such strategies, including, but not limited to, strategies with respect to capital expenditure and expansion programs, acquisitions or dispositions and product or service lines.

Credit Agreement and Notes

On March 30, 2021, 1847 Wolo and Wolo (collectively, “Borrower”) entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Sterling National Bank (“Sterling”) for (i) revolving loans in an aggregate principal amount that will not exceed the lesser of (x) the Borrowing Base (as defined below) or (y) $1,000,000 (the “Revolving Loan”) and (ii) a term loan in the principal amount of $3,550,000 (the “Term Loan”). The Revolving Loan is evidenced by a Revolving Credit Note dated March 30, 2021 and payable to Sterling (the “Revolving Note”) and the Term Loan is evidenced by a $3,550,000 Term Note dated March 30, 2021 and payable to Sterling (the “Term Note”). The “Borrowing Base” means an amount equal to the sum of the following: (A) 80% of the Borrower’s Eligible Accounts (as defined in the Credit Agreement) PLUS (B) the lesser of: (1) 50% percent of Eligible Inventory (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or (2) $400,000.00, MINUS (C) such reserves as Sterling may establish from time to time in its sole discretion. Sterling has the right from time to time, in its sole discretion, to amend, substitute or modify the percentages set forth in the definition of Borrowing Base and the definition(s) of Eligible Accounts and Eligible Inventory.

The Revolving Note matures on March 29, 2022 and bears interest at a per annum rate equal to the greater of (i) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or (ii) 3.75%. The Term Loan matures on April 1, 2024 and bears interest at a per annum rate equal to the greater of (x) the Prime Rate plus 3.00% or (y) 5.00%; provided that upon an Event of Default (as defined below) all loans, all past due interest and all fees shall bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the foregoing rate plus 5.00%. Interest accrued on the Revolving Note and the Term Note shall be payable on the first day of each month commencing on the first such day of the first month following the making of such Revolving Loan or Term Loan, as applicable.

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With respect to the Term Loan, the Borrower must repay to Sterling on the first day of each month, (i) beginning on May 1, 2021 and ending on March 1, 2022, eleven (11) equal monthly principal payments of $43,750.00 each, (ii) beginning on April 1, 2022 and ending on March 1, 2024, twenty-four (24) equal monthly payments of $59,167.00 each and (iii) on April 1, 2024, a final principal payment in the amount of $1,648,742.00. In addition, beginning on June 1, 2022 and on each anniversary thereof thereafter until such time as the Term Loan is repaid in full, the Borrower shall pay to Sterling an additional principal payment equal to 50% of the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement), if any (any such payment will be applied to the most remote payment of principal due under the Credit Agreement).

The Borrower may at any time and from time to time voluntarily prepay the Revolving Note or the Term Note in whole or in part. If at any time the outstanding principal balance on the Revolving Note exceeds the lesser of (i) the Borrowing Base or (ii) the Maximum Facility Amount (as defined in the Credit Agreement)(such excess being hereinafter referred to as an “Overadvance”), either without Sterling’s consent, including, as the result of Eligible Accounts or Eligible Inventory becoming ineligible (an “Unintentional Overadvance”) or with Sterling’s consent, as the result of Sterling making additional advances in its discretion that result in an Overadvance (a “Permitted Overadvance”), Borrower shall (x) in the case of an Unintentional Overadvance, on demand made by Sterling, pay Sterling such amount as will eliminate the Overadvance; and (y) in the case of a Permitted Overadvance, pay to Sterling such amount as will eliminate the Overadvance. At the end of any month in which any Overadvance has occurred Borrower shall be charged an Overadvance Fee in the amount of 1.50% of the highest Overadvance Amount during each month in which the Overadvance remains outstanding.

Under the Credit Agreement, the Borrower is required to pay a number of fees to Sterling, including the following:

• a closing fee in the amount of $56,875 in connection with the Revolving Loans and in the amount of $56,875 in connection with the Term Loan, both of which were paid at closing on March 30, 2021

• If Sterling has not received the full amount of any monthly payment on or before the date it is due (including as a result of funds not available to be automatically debited on the date on which any such payment is due), the Borrower shall pay a late fee to Sterling in an amount equal to six percent (6%) of such overdue payment.

The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including, among others (each, an “Event of Default”): (i) for failure to pay principal and interest on the Revolving Note or Term Note when due, or to pay any fees due under the Credit Agreement; (ii) if any representation, warranty or certification in the Credit Agreement or any document delivered in connection therewith proves to have been false or misleading in any material respect when made; (iii) for failure to perform any covenant or agreement contained in the Credit Agreement or any document delivered in connection therewith; (iv) failure to maintain adequate collateral security value satisfactory to Sterling; (v) for any voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy, insolvency or dissolution; (vi) for the occurrence of one or more judgments, decrees or arbitration awards involving in the aggregate a liability of $50,000 or more; (vii) if any director, officer or owner of more than 10% of the equity any Borrower entity is indicted for any felony offense under any federal or state law; (viii) if a Change of Control (as defined in the Credit Agreement) occurs; (ix) if Sterling’s security interest in any of the collateral fails to be a first priority security interest (subject only to permitted liens); (x) the occurrence of such a change in the condition, affairs (financial or otherwise) or operations of any Borrower entity, or the occurrence of any other event or circumstance, such that Sterling, in its sole discretion, deems that it is insecure or that the prospects for timely or full payment or performance of any obligation to Sterling has been or may be materially impaired; (xi) if there is a loss, suspension or revocation of, or failure to renew, any permit if it could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (xii) if Borrower engages in any act prohibited by any subordination agreement to which it is a party, or makes any payment on subordinated indebtedness that the applicable subordinated creditor was not contractually entitled to receive; and (xiii) for the occurrence of any default or event of default under the Seller Subordination Agreement (as defined in the Credit Agreement).

Each of the Revolving Note and the Term Note is secured by a first priority security interest in all of the assets of the Borrower.

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Unit Offering

On March 26, 2021, the Company entered into several securities purchase agreements (the “Unit Purchase Agreements”) with certain purchasers (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company sold an aggregate of 1,818,182 Units, at a price of $1.65 per Unit, to the Purchasers for an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000 (the “Company Financing”). Each Unit consists of (i) one (1) Series A Senior Convertible Preferred Share of the Company with a stated value of $2.00 per share (the “Series A Shares”), and (ii) a three-year warrant to purchase one (1) Common Share of the Company at an exercise price of $2.50 per Common Share (subject to adjustment), which may be exercised on a cashless basis under certain circumstances (the “Warrants” and, together with the Series A Shares, “Units”). The sale by the Company of the Units was completed on March 26, 2021. The proceeds of the Company Financing were used to fund, in part, the Wolo Acquisition. See “Description of Securities” for a description of the terms of the Series A Shares.

On March 26, 2021, the Company also entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with 1847 Wolo, pursuant to which 1847 Wolo issued to the Company 1,000 shares of 1847 Wolo’s Series A Preferred Stock at a price of $3,000 per share, in exchange for the Company’s contribution to 1847 Wolo of the $3,000,000 raised in the Company Financing, so that 1847 Wolo would have the funds to acquire Wolo.

Kyle’s Acquisition and Related Transactions

On August 27, 2020, the Company and 1847 Cabinet Inc. (“1847 Cabinet”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a stock purchase agreement with Kyle’s Custom Wood Shop, Inc., an Idaho corporation (“Kyle’s”), and Stephen Mallatt, Jr. and Rita Mallatt (the “Kyle’s Sellers”), pursuant to which 1847 Cabinet agreed to acquire all of issued and outstanding capital stock of Kyle’s (the “Kyle’s Acquisition”).

On September 30, 2020, the Company, 1847 Cabinet, Kyle’s and the Kyle’s Sellers entered into addendum to the stock purchase and closing of the Kyle’s Acquisition was completed on the same day. As a result of this transaction, the Company owns 92.5% of 1847 Cabinet, with the remaining 7.5% held by Leonite Capital LLC, and 1847 Cabinet owns 100% of Kyle’s.

The aggregate purchase price is up to $9,324,792 (subject to adjustment of the contingent note), consisting of (i) $4,389,792 in cash, (ii) an 8% contingent subordinated note in the aggregate principal amount of $1,050,000, which increased to a principal amount of up to $1,260,000 pursuant to the vested percentage calculation described below, and (iii) 700,000 common shares of the Company, having a mutually agreed upon value of $1,400,000 and a fair value of $3,675,000. The shares were issued on October 16, 2020, immediately following the record date for the Goedeker Distribution described above.

Vesting Promissory Note

As noted above, a portion of the purchase price for the Kyle’s Acquisition was paid by the issuance of a vesting promissory note by 1847 Cabinet to the Kyle’s Sellers in the principal amount of $1,050,000, which increased to a principal amount of up to $1,260,000 pursuant to the vested percentage calculation described below. Payment of the principal and accrued interest on the note is subject to vesting as described below. The note bears interest on the vested portion of principal amount at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum. To the extent vested, the vested portion of the principal and all accrued but unpaid interest on such vested portion of the principal shall be paid in one lump sum on the last day of the thirty-sixth (36th) month following the date of the note.

The vested principal of the note due at the maturity date shall be calculated each year based on the average annual consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the note) of 1847 Cabinet for each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022. The EBITDA for each year shall be divided by $1.4 million multiplied by 100 to obtain the vested percentage. The vested principal for each year shall be equal to the vested percentage for that year multiplied by $350,000. To the extent that the vested percentage for the subject year is less than 80%, no portion of the note for that year shall vest. To the extent that the vested percentage for the subject year is equal to or greater than 120%, the vested principal shall be equal to $420,000 for that year and no more. For the year ended December 31, 2020, EBITDA of 1847 Cabinet was approximately $1,531,000, resulting in a vested amount of approximately $415,000 and an outstanding balance of $498,979.

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1847 Cabinet will have the right to redeem all but no less than all of the note at any time prior to the maturity date. If 1847 Cabinet elects to redeem the note, the redemption price will be payable in cash and is equal to the then outstanding vested portion of the principal plus any remaining unvested principal amount plus accrued but unpaid interest thereon (calculated over 36 months). For purposes of this redemption calculation, the “unvested principal amount” shall be $350,000 per year.

The note contains customary events of default. The right of the Kyle’s Sellers to receive payments under the note is subordinated to all indebtedness of 1847 Cabinet, whether outstanding as of the closing date or thereafter created, to banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions or funds, and federal or state taxation authorities.

Management Services Agreement

On August 21, 2020, 1847 Cabinet entered into a management services agreement (the “Cabinet Offsetting MSA”) with the Manager. The Cabinet Offsetting MSA has the same terms as the Wolo Offsetting MSA.

Asien’s Acquisition and Related Transactions

On March 27, 2020, the Company and 1847 Asien Inc. (“1847 Asien”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Asien’s Purchase Agreement”) with Asien’s Appliance, Inc. (“Asien’s”) and Joerg Christian Wilhelmsen and Susan Kay Wilhelmsen, as trustees of the Wilhelmsen Family Trust, U/D/T Dated May 1, 1992 (the “Asien’s Seller”), pursuant to which 1847 Asien agreed to acquire all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Asien’s (the “Asien’s Acquisition”).

On May 28, 2020, 1847 Asien, the Company, Asien’s and the Asien’s Seller entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Asien’s Purchase Agreement to amend certain terms of the Asien’s Purchase Agreement. Following entry into such amendment closing of the Asien’s Acquisition was completed on the same day. As a result of this transaction, the Company owns 95% of 1847 Asien, with the remaining 5% held by Leonite Capital LLC, and 1847 Asien owns 100% of Asien’s.

The aggregate purchase price was $2,125,500, consisting of: (i) $233,000 in cash; (ii) the issuance of an amortizing promissory note in the principal amount of $200,000; (iii) the issuance of a demand promissory note in the principal amount of $655,000; and (iv) 415,000 common shares of the Company, having a mutually agreed upon value of $830,000 and a fair value of $1,037,500, which may be repurchased by 1847 Asien for a period of one year following the closing at a purchase price of $2.50 per share.

8% Subordinated Amortizing Promissory Note

As noted above, a portion of the purchase price for the Asien’s Acquisition was paid by the issuance of a subordinated amortizing promissory note in the principal amount of $200,000 by 1847 Asien to the Asien’s Seller. Interest on the outstanding principal amount will be payable quarterly at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum. The outstanding principal amount of the note will amortize on a one-year straight-line basis in accordance with a specified amortization schedule, with all unpaid principal and accrued, but unpaid interest being fully due and payable on May 28, 2021. The note is unsecured and contains customary events of default. The right of the Asien’s Seller to receive payments under the note is subordinated to all indebtedness of 1847 Asien to banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions or funds, and federal or state taxation authorities.

1% Demand Promissory Note

A portion of the purchase price for the Asien’s Acquisition was paid by the issuance of demand promissory note in the principal amount of $655,000 by 1847 Asien to the Asien’s Seller. The note accrued interest at a rate of one percent (1%) computed on the basis of a 360-day year. Principal and accrued interest on the note was payable 24 hours after written demand by the Seller. The note was repaid in June 2020.

Agreement of Sale of Future Receipts

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future receipts, or approximately $23,300, over the course of an estimated seven-month term, or such date when the above amount of receivables has been delivered to TVT. 1847 Asien used the proceeds from this sale to finance the Asien’s Acquisition. In addition to all other sums due to TVT under this agreement, 1847 Asien and Asien’s agreed to pay to TVT certain additional fees, including a one-time origination fees of $25,000, as reimbursement of costs incurred by TVT for financial and legal due diligence. The future payments under the TVT agreement were secured by a subordinated security interest in all of the tangible and intangible assets of 1847 Asien and Asien’s. This agreement was terminated in 2020.

Management Services Agreement

On May 28, 2020, 1847 Asien entered into a management services agreement (the “Asien’s Offsetting MSA”) with the Manager. The Asien’s Offsetting MSA has the same terms as the Wolo Offsetting MSA and the Kyle’s Offsetting MSA.

Disposition of Neese

On April 19, 2021, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Alan Neese and Katherine Neese (the “Buyers”), pursuant to which the Company sold 550 shares of the common stock of 1847 Neese Inc. (“1847 Neese”), constituting 55% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of 1847 Neese, to the Buyers for an aggregate purchase price of $325,000 in cash (the “Neese Disposition”). As a result of the Neese Disposition, 1847 Neese is no longer a majority-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Neese Disposition therefore resulted in the disposition of the business and assets of 1847 Neese and its wholly owned subsidiary Neese, Inc. (“Neese”).

Disposition of Goedeker

On October 23, 2020, the Company distributed all of the shares of 1847 Goedeker Inc. (“Goedeker”) that it held to its shareholders (the “Goedeker Disposition”). As a result of the Goedeker Disposition, Goedeker is no longer a subsidiary of the Company. The Goedeker Disposition therefore resulted in the disposition of the business and assets of Goedeker.

NOTE 2 — BASIS OF PRO FORMA PRESENTATION

The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 combines the historical statement of operations of the Company with the historical statement of operations of Wolo, Asien’s and Kyle’s and reflects the Neese Disposition. The unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 was prepared as if these transactions had occurred on January 1, 2020.

The historical financial information is adjusted in the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information to give effect to pro forma events that are (1) directly attributable to the proposed acquisition, (2) factually supportable, and (3) with respect to the combined statement of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results.

The Company accounted for the Wolo Acquisition, the Asien’s Acquisition and the Kyle’s Acquisition in the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 “Business Combinations”. In accordance with ASC 805, the Company used its best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition dates is measured as the difference of fair value of the net tangible assets and identifiable assets acquired over the purchase consideration.

Pursuant to ASC Topic 205-20, “Presentation of Financial Statements — Discontinued Operations,” the results of operations from 1847 Neese and Goedeker for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been classified as discontinued operations as part of the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations presented herein. ASC 360-10-45-9 requires that a long-lived asset (disposal group) to be sold shall be classified as held for sale in the period in which a set of criteria have been met, including criteria that the sale of the asset (disposal group) is probable and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. For the Goedeker Disposition, these criteria were achieved on September 10, 2020, when the

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board approved the Goedeker Disposition, and subsequently on October 23, 2020, when the Company completed the Goedeker Disposition. These criteria were achieved in March 2021 for the Neese Disposition, when the parties agreed to the Neese Disposition, and subsequently on April 19, 2021, when the Neese Disposition was completed.

The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent what the actual consolidated results of operations or the consolidated financial position of the combined company would have been had the transactions described herein occurred on the dates assumed, nor are the necessarily indicative of future consolidated results of operations or financial position.

The Company expects to incur costs and realize benefits associated with integrating the operations of the Company and Wolo, Asien’s and Kyle’s. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements do not reflect the costs of any integration activities or any benefits that may result from operating efficiencies or revenue synergies. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations does not reflect any non-recurring charges directly related to the Wolo Acquisition, the Asien’s Acquisition and the Kyle’s Acquisition that the combined companies incurred upon completion of the Wolo Acquisition, the Asien’s Acquisition and the Kyle’s Acquisition.

NOTE 3 — PURCHASE PRICE CONSIDERATION

Wolo

The provisional fair value of the purchase consideration issued to the Wolo Sellers was allocated to the net tangible assets acquired. The Company accounted for the Wolo Acquisition as the purchase of a business under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) under the acquisition method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities acquired were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values and consolidated with those of the Company. The fair value of the net assets acquired was approximately $5,386,891. The excess of the aggregate fair value of the net tangible assets has been allocated to goodwill.

The Company is currently in the process of completing the preliminary purchase price allocation as an acquisition of certain assets. The final purchase price allocation for Wolo will be included in the Company’s financial statements in future periods.

The table below shows a preliminary analysis for the Wolo Acquisition:

Purchase consideration at preliminary fair value:
Notes payable	$	850,000
Cash		6,550,000
Due to seller		1,094,524
Amount of consideration	$	8,494,524

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed at preliminary fair value
Cash	$	1,094,524
Accounts receivable		1,860,107
Inventory		2,325,548
Other current assets		218,154
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(111,442	)
Other liabilities		—
Net assets acquired	$	5,386,891

Total net assets acquired	$	5,386,891
Consideration paid		8,494,524
Preliminary Goodwill	$	3,107,633

The estimated useful life remaining on the property and equipment acquired is 5 to 7 years.

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Kyle’s

The fair value of the purchase consideration issued to the Kyle’s Sellers was allocated to the net tangible assets acquired. The Company accounted for the Kyle’s Acquisition as the purchase of a business under GAAP under the acquisition method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities acquired were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values and consolidated with those of the Company. The fair value of the net assets acquired was approximately $527,618. The excess of the aggregate fair value of the net tangible assets has been allocated to goodwill.

The table below shows an analysis for the Kyle’s Acquisition:

Purchase consideration at fair value:
Common shares	$	3,675,000
Notes payable		498,979
Due to seller		4,389,792
Amount of consideration	$	8,563,771

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value
Cash	$	130,000
Accounts receivable		385,095
Costs in excess of billings		122,016
Other current assets		13,707
Property and equipment		200,737
Customer related intangibles		2,727,000
Marketing related intangibles		294,000
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(263,597	)
Billings in excess of costs		(43,428	)
Other liabilities		(49,000	)
Net tangible assets acquired	$	3,516,530

Total net assets acquired	$	3,516,530
Consideration paid		8,563,771
Goodwill	$	5,047,241

The estimated useful life remaining on the property and equipment acquired is 3 to 7 years.

Asien’s

The fair value of the purchase consideration issued to the Asien’s Seller was allocated to the net tangible assets acquired. The Company accounted for the Asien’s Acquisition as the purchase of a business under GAAP under the acquisition method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities acquired were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values and consolidated with those of the Company. The fair value of the net assets acquired was approximately $1,171,272. The excess of the aggregate fair value of the net tangible assets has been allocated to goodwill.

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The table below shows analysis for the Asien’s Acquisition:

Purchase Consideration at fair value:
Common shares	$	1,037,500
Notes payable		855,000
Due to seller		233,000
Amount of consideration	$	2,125,500

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value
Cash	$	1,501,285
Accounts receivable		235,746
Inventories		1,457,489
Other current assets		41,427
Property and equipment		157,052
Customer related intangibles		462,000
Marketing related intangibles		547,000
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(280,752	)
Customer deposits		(2,405,703	)
Notes payable		(509,272	)
Other liabilities		(23,347	)
Net assets acquired	$	1,182,925

Total net assets acquired	$	1,182,925
Consideration paid		2,125,500
Goodwill	$	942,575

The estimated useful life remaining on the property and equipment acquired is 5 to 13 years.

NOTE 4 — PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS

The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements are as follows:

Acquisition

(a-1) Upon the acquisition by the Company, the taxable income and losses from Wolo, Asien’s and Kyle’s will be included with the Company’s future corporate income tax filings.

(a-2) Reflects the cash distribution to the Wolo Sellers and purchase accounting for the Wolo Acquisition.

(a-3) Reflects the allocation of the 7.5% non-controlling interest of 1847 Wolo on the proforma adjustments.

Management Services Agreements

(m-1) Reflects an annualized management fee paid by 1847 Asien to the Manager for the period January 1, 2020 to May 28, 2020.

(m-2) Reflects an annualized management fee paid by 1847 Cabinet to the Manager for the period January 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020.

(m-3) Reflects an annualized management fee paid by 1847 Wolo to the Manager for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Neese disposition

(n-1) Reflects the disposition of Neese as a discontinued operation for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Promissory Notes

(p-1) Reflects the interest expense resulting from the 8% promissory note annualized interest for the period January 1, 2020 to May 28, 2020.

(p-2) Reflects the interest expense resulting from the 1% promissory note annualized interest for the period January 1, 2020 to May 28, 2020.

(p-3) Reflects the interest expense resulting from TVT agreement amortized interest for the period January 1, 2020 to May 28, 2020.

(p-4) Reflects the interest expense and debt discount resulting from the vesting promissory note for the period January 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020.

(p-5) Reflects the principal, net of fees, for the Term loan and the interest expense and debt discount resulting for the year ended December 31, 2020.

(p-6) Reflects the principal for the 6% secured promissory note and the interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Revolving loan

(r-1) Reflects the advance from the Revolving loan of $770,475 acquisition costs and the interest expense resulting from the 4.25% annualized interest for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Unit Offering

(u-1) Reflects the proceeds of $3,000,000 and allocated warrant and beneficial conversion features in the Unit Purchase Agreements.

(u-2) Reflects the series A annualized dividend of 14% in conjunction with the Uni Purchase Agreements.

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, before purchasing our common shares. We have listed below (not necessarily in order of importance or probability of occurrence) what we believe to be the most significant risk factors applicable to us, but they do not constitute all of the risks that may be applicable. Any of the following factors could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects, and could result in a partial or complete loss of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to Our Business and Structure

The COVID-19 pandemic may cause a material adverse effect on our business.

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We have a limited operating history and we may not be able to manage our businesses on a profitable basis.

We were formed on January 22, 2013 and operated a management consulting business from inception through October 3, 2017. In March 2017, we acquired Neese, a provider of products and services for the agriculture, construction, lawn and garden industries, which we subsequent sold back to the original sellers in April 2021. In April 2019, we acquired the assets of Goedeker Television, a one-stop e-commerce destination for home furnishings, which we subsequently spun-off pursuant our distribution of all of our shares of 1847 Goedeker that we held to our shareholders in October 2020. In May 2020, we acquired Asien’s, which provides a wide variety of appliance services, including sales, delivery/installation, in-home service and repair, extended warranties, and financing in the North Bay area of Sonoma County, California. In September 2020, we acquired Kyle’s, a leading custom cabinetry maker servicing contractors and homeowners since 1976 in Boise, Idaho and the surrounding area. In March 2021, we acquired Wolo, which designs and manufactures horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle and industrial equipment), and offers vehicle emergency and safety warning lights for cars, trucks, industrial equipment and emergency vehicles. We plan to acquire additional operating businesses in the future.

Our manager will manage the day-to-day operations and affairs of our company and oversee the management and operations of our businesses, subject to the oversight of our board of directors. If we do not develop effective systems and procedures, including accounting and financial reporting systems, to manage our operations as a consolidated public company, we may not be able to manage the combined enterprise on a profitable basis, which could adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders.

Our auditors have issued a going concern opinion on our audited financial statements.

Although our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 were prepared under the assumption that we would continue our operations as a going concern, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm that accompanies our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 contains a going concern qualification in which such firm expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, based on the financial statements at that time. We have generated losses since inception and have relied on cash on hand, sales of securities, external bank lines of credit, and issuance of third-party and related party debt to support cashflow from operations. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, we incurred operating losses of $591,186 (before deducting losses attributable to non-controlling interests and excluding the loss of discontinued operations and gain on the disposition of a subsidiary), cash flows used in operations of $60,575 (excluding the cashflow from discontinued operations) and negative working capital of $291,009 (excluding the negative working capital from discontinued operations). For the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred operating losses of $3,032,612 (before deducting losses attributable to non-controlling interests and excluding the loss of discontinued operations), cash flows from operations of $789,306 (excluding the cashflow from discontinued operations) and negative working capital of $1,933,026 (excluding the negative working capital from discontinued operations).

Management has prepared estimates of operations and believes that sufficient funds will be generated from operations to fund operations and to service debt obligations for at least one year, which project improved operations and our ability to continue operations as a going concern. In addition to the estimates of funds available from operations, we have unpledged assets that we believe could provide for approximately $354,000 of additional borrowings. We also

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believe that the proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to fund our operations for significantly more than the next year. However, we do believe additional funds are required to execute our business plan and our strategy of acquiring additional businesses. The funds required to execute our business plan will depend on the size, capital structure and purchase price consideration that the seller of a target business deems acceptable in a given transaction. The amount of funds needed to execute our business plan also depends on what portion of the purchase price of a target business the seller of that business is willing to take in the form of seller notes or our equity or equity in one of our subsidiaries. Given these factors, we believe that the amount of outside additional capital necessary to execute our business plan on the low end (assuming target company sellers accept a significant portion of the purchase price in the form of seller notes or our equity or equity in one of our subsidiaries) ranges between $100,000 to $250,000. If, and to the extent, that sellers are unwilling to accept a significant portion of the purchase price in seller notes and equity, then the cash required to execute our business plan could be as much as $5,000,000.

Although we do not believe that we will require additional cash to continue our operations over the next twelve months, there are no assurances that we will be able to raise our revenues to a level which supports profitable operations and provides sufficient funds to pay obligations in the future. Our prior losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our financial condition. In addition, continued operations and our ability to acquire additional businesses may be dependent on our ability to obtain additional financing in the future, and there are no assurances that such financing will be available to us at all or will be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If we are unable to generate additional funds in the future through our operations, financings or from other sources or transactions, we will exhaust our resources and will be unable to continue operations. If we cannot continue as a going concern, our shareholders would likely lose most or all of their investment in us.

We may not be able to effectively integrate the businesses that we acquire.

Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions will depend on our ability to integrate those businesses with our own. The combination of multiple independent businesses is a complex, costly and time-consuming process and there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully integrate businesses into our business, or if such integration is successfully accomplished, that such integration will not be costlier or take longer than presently contemplated. Integration of future acquisitions may include various risks and uncertainties, including the factors discussed in the paragraph below. If we cannot successfully integrate and manage the businesses within a reasonable time, we may not be able to realize the potential and anticipated benefits of such acquisitions, which could have a material adverse effect on our share price, business, cash flows, results of operations and financial position.

We will consider other acquisitions that we believe will complement, strengthen and enhance our growth. We evaluate opportunities on a preliminary basis from time to time, but these transactions may not advance beyond the preliminary stages or be completed. Such acquisitions are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including:

• the inability to integrate effectively the operations, products, technologies and personnel of the acquired companies (some of which are in diverse geographic regions) and achieve expected synergies;

• the potential disruption of existing business and diversion of management’s attention from day-to-day operations;

• the inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies;

• the need or obligation to divest portions of the acquired companies;

• the potential failure to identify material problems and liabilities during due diligence review of acquisition targets;

• the potential failure to obtain sufficient indemnification rights to fully offset possible liabilities associated with acquired businesses; and

• the challenges associated with operating in new geographic regions.

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Our future success is dependent on the employees of our manager, our manager’s operating partners and the management team of our business, the loss of any of whom could materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.

Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued services of the employees of our manager. The loss of their services may materially adversely affect our ability to manage the operations of our businesses. The employees of our manager may leave our manager and go to companies that compete with us in the future. In addition, we depend on the assistance provided by our manager’s operating partners in evaluating, performing diligence on and managing our businesses. The loss of any employees of our manager or any of our manager’s operating partners may materially adversely affect our ability to implement or maintain our management strategy or our acquisition strategy.

The future success of our existing and future businesses also depends on the respective management teams of those businesses because we intend to operate our businesses on a stand-alone basis, primarily relying on their existing management teams for day-to-day operations. Consequently, their operational success, as well as the success of any organic growth strategy, will be dependent on the continuing efforts of the management teams of our businesses. We will seek to provide these individuals with equity incentives in our company and to have employment agreements with certain persons we have identified as key to their businesses. However, these measures may not prevent these individuals from leaving their employment. The loss of services of one or more of these individuals may materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.

We may experience difficulty as we evaluate, acquire and integrate businesses that we may acquire, which could result in drains on our resources, including the attention of our management, and disruptions of our on-going business.

We acquire small businesses in various industries. Generally, because such businesses are privately held, we may experience difficulty in evaluating potential target businesses as much of the information concerning these businesses is not publicly available. Therefore, our estimates and assumptions used to evaluate the operations, management and market risks with respect to potential target businesses may be subject to various risks and uncertainties. Further, the time and costs associated with identifying and evaluating potential target businesses and their industries may cause a substantial drain on our resources and may divert our management team’s attention away from the operations of our businesses for significant periods of time.

In addition, we may have difficulty effectively integrating and managing acquisitions. The management or improvement of businesses we acquire may be hindered by a number of factors, including limitations in the standards, controls, procedures and policies implemented in connection with such acquisitions. Further, the management of an acquired business may involve a substantial reorganization of the business’ operations resulting in the loss of employees and customers or the disruption of our ongoing businesses. We may experience greater than expected costs or difficulties relating to an acquisition, in which case, we might not achieve the anticipated returns from any particular acquisition.

We face competition for businesses that fit our acquisition strategy and, therefore, we may have to acquire targets at sub-optimal prices or, alternatively, forego certain acquisition opportunities.

We have been formed to acquire and manage small businesses. In pursuing such acquisitions, we expect to face strong competition from a wide range of other potential purchasers. Although the pool of potential purchasers for such businesses is typically smaller than for larger businesses, those potential purchasers can be aggressive in their approach to acquiring such businesses. Furthermore, we expect that we may need to use third-party financing in order to fund some or all of these potential acquisitions, thereby increasing our acquisition costs. To the extent that other potential purchasers do not need to obtain third-party financing or are able to obtain such financing on more favorable terms, they may be in a position to be more aggressive with their acquisition proposals. As a result, in order to be competitive, our acquisition proposals may need to be aggressively priced, including at price levels that exceed what we originally determined to be fair or appropriate. Alternatively, we may determine that we cannot pursue on a cost-effective basis what would otherwise be an attractive acquisition opportunity.

We may not be able to successfully fund acquisitions due to the unavailability of debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, which could impede the implementation of our acquisition strategy.

In order to make acquisitions, we intend to raise capital primarily through debt financing, primarily at our operating company level, additional equity offerings, the sale of equity or assets of our businesses, offering equity in our company

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or our businesses to the sellers of target businesses or by undertaking a combination of any of the above. Because the timing and size of acquisitions cannot be readily predicted, we may need to be able to obtain funding on short notice to benefit fully from attractive acquisition opportunities. Such funding may not be available on acceptable terms. In addition, the level of our indebtedness may impact our ability to borrow at our company level. The sale of additional shares of any class of equity will also be subject to market conditions and investor demand for such shares at prices that may not be in the best interest of our shareholders. These risks may materially adversely affect our ability to pursue our acquisition strategy.

We may change our management and acquisition strategies without the consent of our shareholders, which may result in a determination by us to pursue riskier business activities.

We may change our strategy at any time without the consent of our shareholders, which may result in our acquiring businesses or assets that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the strategy described in this prospectus. A change in our strategy may increase our exposure to interest rate and currency fluctuations, subject us to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, which we refer to as the Investment Company Act, or subject us to other risks and uncertainties that affect our operations and profitability.

If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from the anticipated dividends and interest payments that we expect to receive from our businesses, we may not be able to make distributions to our shareholders.

Our primary business is the holding and managing of controlling interests our operating businesses. Therefore, we will be dependent upon the ability of our businesses to generate cash flows and, in turn, distribute cash to us in the form of interest and principal payments on indebtedness and distributions on equity to enable us, first, to satisfy our financial obligations and, second, to make distributions to our common shareholders. The ability of our businesses to make payments to us may also be subject to limitations under laws of the jurisdictions in which they are incorporated or organized. If, as a consequence of these various restrictions or otherwise, we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from our businesses, we may not be able to declare, or may have to delay or cancel payment of, distributions to our common shareholders.

In addition, the put price and profit allocation will be payment obligations of our company and, as a result, will be senior in right to the payment of any distributions to our shareholders. Further, we are required to make a profit allocation to our manager upon satisfaction of applicable conditions to payment. “The Manager — Our Manager as an Equity Holder” for more information about our manager’s put right and profit allocation.

Our loans with third parties contain certain terms that could materially adversely affect our financial condition.

We and our subsidiaries are parties to certain loans with third parties, which are secured by the assets of our subsidiaries. The loans agreements contain customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative financial and other covenants. If an event of default were to occur under any of these loans, the lender thereto may pursue all remedies available to it, including declaring the obligations under its respective loan immediately due and payable, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion regarding our borrowing activities.

In the future, we may seek to enter into other credit facilities to help fund our acquisition capital and working capital needs. These credit facilities may expose us to additional risks associated with leverage and may inhibit our operating flexibility and reduce cash flow available for payment of distributions to our shareholders.

We may seek to enter into other credit facilities with third-party lenders to help fund our acquisitions. Such credit facilities will likely require us to pay a commitment fee on the undrawn amount and will likely contain a number of affirmative and restrictive covenants.

If we violate any such covenants, our lenders could accelerate the maturity of any debt outstanding and we may be prohibited from making any distributions to our shareholders. Such debt may be secured by our assets, including the stock we may own in businesses that we acquire and the rights we have under intercompany loan agreements that we may enter into with our businesses. Our ability to meet our debt service obligations may be affected by events beyond our control and will depend primarily upon cash produced by businesses that we currently manage and may acquire in the future and distributed or paid to our company. Any failure to comply with the terms of our indebtedness may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

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In addition, we expect that such credit facilities will bear interest at floating rates which will generally change as interest rates change. We will bear the risk that the rates that we are charged by our lenders will increase faster than we can grow the cash flow from our businesses or businesses that we may acquire in the future, which could reduce profitability, materially adversely affect our ability to service our debt, cause us to breach covenants contained in our third-party credit facilities and reduce cash flow available for distribution.

We may engage in a business transaction with one or more target businesses that have relationships with our executive officers, our directors, our manager, our manager’s employees or our manager’s operating partners, or any of their respective affiliates, which may create or present conflicts of interest.

We may decide to engage in a business transaction with one or more target businesses with which our executive officers, our directors, our manager, our manager’s employees, our manager’s operating partners, or any of their respective affiliates, have a relationship, which may create or present conflicts of interest. Regardless of whether we obtain a fairness opinion from an independent investment banking firm with respect to such a transaction, conflicts of interest may still exist with respect to a particular acquisition and, as a result, the terms of the acquisition of a target business may not be as advantageous to our shareholders as it would have been absent any conflicts of interest.

The operational objectives and business plans of our businesses may conflict with our operational and business objectives or with the plans and objective of another business we own and operate.

Our businesses operate in different industries and face different risks and opportunities depending on market and economic conditions in their respective industries and regions. A business’ operational objectives and business plans may not be similar to our objectives and plans or the objectives and plans of another business that we own and operate. This could create competing demands for resources, such as management attention and funding needed for operations or acquisitions, in the future.

If, in the future, we cease to control and operate our businesses or other businesses that we acquire in the future or engage in certain other activities, we may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

We have the ability to make investments in businesses that we will not operate or control. If we make significant investments in businesses that we do not operate or control, or that we cease to operate or control, or if we commence certain investment-related activities, we may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Our decision to sell a business will be based upon financial, operating and other considerations rather than a plan to complete a sale of a business within any specific time frame. If we were deemed to be an investment company, we would either have to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, obtain exemptive relief from the SEC or modify our investments or organizational structure or our contract rights to fall outside the definition of an investment company. Registering as an investment company could, among other things, materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations, materially limit our ability to borrow funds or engage in other transactions involving leverage and require us to add directors who are independent of us or our manager and otherwise will subject us to additional regulation that will be costly and time-consuming.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results and prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial statements, which would harm the trading price of our common shares.

Companies that file reports with the SEC, including us, are subject to the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or SOX 404. SOX 404 requires management to establish and maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting and annual reports on Form 10-K filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, to contain a report from management assessing the effectiveness of a company’s internal control over financial reporting. Separately, under SOX 404, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, public companies that are large accelerated filers or accelerated filers must include in their annual reports on Form 10-K an attestation report of their regular auditors attesting to and reporting on management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting. Non-accelerated filers and smaller reporting companies, like us, are not required to include an attestation report of their auditors in annual reports.

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A report of our management is included under Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. We are a smaller reporting company and, consequently, are not required to include an attestation report of our auditor in our annual report. However, if and when we become subject to the auditor attestation requirements under SOX 404, we can provide no assurance that we will receive a positive attestation from our independent auditors.

During its evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, management identified material weaknesses. These material weaknesses were associated with our lack of (i) appropriate policies and procedures to evaluate the proper accounting and disclosures of key documents and agreements, (ii) adequate segregation of duties with our limited accounting personnel and reliance upon outsourced accounting services and (iii) sufficient and skilled accounting personnel with an appropriate level of technical accounting knowledge and experience in the application of GAAP commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. We are undertaking remedial measures, which measures will take time to implement and test, to address these material weaknesses. There can be no assurance that such measures will be sufficient to remedy the material weaknesses identified or that additional material weaknesses or other control or significant deficiencies will not be identified in the future. If we continue to experience material weaknesses in our internal controls or fail to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, such circumstances could cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements, or adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and, if required, annual auditor attestation reports. Each of the foregoing results could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and lead to a decline in our share price.

Risks Related to Our Retail and Appliances Business

If we fail to acquire new customers or retain existing customers, or fail to do so in a cost-effective manner, we may not be able to achieve profitability.

Our success depends on our ability to acquire and retain customers in a cost-effective manner. We have made significant investments related to customer acquisition and expect to continue to spend significant amounts to acquire additional customers. We cannot assure you that the net profit from new customers we acquire will ultimately exceed the cost of acquiring those customers. If we fail to deliver a quality shopping experience, or if consumers do not perceive the products we offer to be of high value and quality, we may not be able to acquire new customers. If we are unable to acquire new customers who purchase products in numbers sufficient to grow our business, we may not be able to generate the scale necessary to drive beneficial network effects with our suppliers or efficiencies in our logistics network, our net revenue may decrease, and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

We believe that many of our new customers originate from word-of-mouth and other non-paid referrals from existing customers. Therefore, we must ensure that our existing customers remain loyal to us in order to continue receiving those referrals. If our efforts to satisfy our existing customers are not successful, we may not be able to acquire new customers in sufficient numbers to continue to grow our business, or we may be required to incur significantly higher marketing expenses in order to acquire new customers.

Our success depends in part on our ability to increase our net revenue per active customer. If our efforts to increase customer loyalty and repeat purchasing as well as maintain high levels of customer engagement are not successful, our growth prospects and revenue will be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to grow our business depends on our ability to retain our existing customer base and generate increased revenue and repeat purchases from this customer base, and maintain high levels of customer engagement. To do this, we must continue to provide our customers and potential customers with a unified, convenient, efficient and differentiated shopping experience by:

• providing imagery, tools and technology that attract customers who historically would have bought elsewhere;

• maintaining a high-quality and diverse portfolio of products;

• delivering products on time and without damage; and

• maintaining and further developing our in-store and online platforms.

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If we fail to increase net revenue per active customer, generate repeat purchases or maintain high levels of customer engagement, our growth prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our business depends on our ability to build and maintain strong brands. We may not be able to maintain and enhance our brands if we receive unfavorable customer complaints, negative publicity or otherwise fail to live up to consumers’ expectations, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and growth prospects.

Maintaining and enhancing our brands is critical to expanding our base of customers and suppliers. Our ability to maintain and enhance our brand depends largely on our ability to maintain customer confidence in our product and service offerings, including by delivering products on time and without damage. If customers do not have a satisfactory shopping experience, they may seek out alternative offerings from our competitors and may not return to our stores and sites as often in the future, or at all. In addition, unfavorable publicity regarding, for example, our practices relating to privacy and data protection, product quality, delivery problems, competitive pressures, litigation or regulatory activity, could seriously harm our reputation. Such negative publicity also could have an adverse effect on the size, engagement, and loyalty of our customer base and result in decreased revenue, which could adversely affect our business and financial results.

In addition, maintaining and enhancing these brands may require us to make substantial investments, and these investments may not be successful. If we fail to promote and maintain our brands, or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. We anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, maintaining and enhancing our brands may become increasingly difficult and expensive. Maintaining and enhancing our brands will depend largely on our ability to provide high quality products to our customers and a reliable, trustworthy and profitable sales channel to our suppliers, which we may not be able to do successfully.

Customer complaints or negative publicity about our sites, products, delivery times, customer data handling and security practices or customer support, especially on blogs, social media websites and our sites, could rapidly and severely diminish consumer use of our sites and consumer and supplier confidence in us and result in harm to our brands.

Our efforts to expand our business into new brands, products, services, technologies, and geographic regions will subject us to additional business, legal, financial, and competitive risks and may not be successful.

Our business success depends to some extent on our ability to expand our customer offerings by launching new brands and services and by expanding our existing offerings into new geographies. Launching new brands and services or expanding geographically requires significant upfront investments, including investments in marketing, information technology, and additional personnel. We may not be able to generate satisfactory revenue from these efforts to offset these costs. Any lack of market acceptance of our efforts to launch new brands and services or to expand our existing offerings could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Further, as we continue to expand our fulfillment capability or add new businesses with different requirements, our logistics networks become increasingly complex and operating them becomes more challenging. There can be no assurance that we will be able to operate our networks effectively.

We have also entered and may continue to enter into new markets in which we have limited or no experience, which may not be successful or appealing to our customers. These activities may present new and difficult technological and logistical challenges, and resulting service disruptions, failures or other quality issues may cause customer dissatisfaction and harm our reputation and brand. Further, our current and potential competitors in new market segments may have greater brand recognition, financial resources, longer operating histories and larger customer bases than we do in these areas. As a result, we may not be successful enough in these newer areas to recoup our investments in them. If this occurs, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

To manage our growth effectively, we must continue to implement our operational plans and strategies, improve and expand our infrastructure of people and information systems and expand, train and manage our employee base. We have rapidly increased employee headcount since our inception to support the growth in our business. To support

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continued growth, we must effectively integrate, develop and motivate a large number of new employees. We face significant competition for personnel. Failure to manage our hiring needs effectively or successfully integrate our new hires may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Additionally, the growth of our business places significant demands on our operations, as well as our management and other employees. For example, we typically launch hundreds of promotional events across thousands of products each month on our sites via emails and personalized displays. These events require us to produce updates of our sites and emails to our customers on a daily basis with different products, photos and text. Any surge in online traffic and orders associated with such promotional activities places increased strain on our operations, including our logistics network, and may cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interruptions. The growth of our business may require significant additional resources to meet these daily requirements, which may not scale in a cost-effective manner or may negatively affect the quality of our sites and customer experience. We are also required to manage relationships with a growing number of suppliers, customers and other third parties. Our information technology systems and our internal controls and procedures may not be adequate to support future growth of our supplier and employee base. If we are unable to manage the growth of our organization effectively, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to obtain continued financing is critical to the growth of our business. We will need additional financing to fund operations, which additional financing may not be available on reasonable terms or at all.

Our future growth, including the potential for future market expansion will require additional capital. We will consider raising additional funds through various financing sources, including the procurement of additional commercial debt financing. However, there can be no assurance that such funds will be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If such financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to execute our growth strategy, and operating results may be adversely affected. Any additional debt financing will increase expenses and must be repaid regardless of operating results and may involve restrictions limiting our operating flexibility.

Our ability to obtain financing may be impaired by such factors as the capital markets, both generally and specifically in our industry, which could impact the availability or cost of future financings. If the amount of capital we are able to raise from financing activities, together with our revenues from operations, are not sufficient to satisfy our capital needs, we may be required to decrease the pace of, or eliminate, our future product offerings and market expansion opportunities and potentially curtail operations.

Our business is highly competitive. Competition presents an ongoing threat to the success of our business.

Our business is rapidly evolving and intensely competitive, and we have many competitors in different industries. Our competition includes big box retailers, such as Home Depot, Lowe’s and Costco, specialty retailers, such as TeeVax, Ferguson and Premier Bath and Kitchen, and online marketplaces, such as Amazon.

We expect competition to continue to increase. We believe that our ability to compete successfully depends upon many factors both within and beyond our control, including:

• the size and composition of our customer base;

• the number of suppliers and products we feature;

• our selling and marketing efforts;

• the quality, price and reliability of products we offer;

• the quality and convenience of the shopping experience that we provide;

• our ability to distribute our products and manage our operations; and

• our reputation and brand strength.

Many of our current competitors have, and potential competitors may have, longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, larger fulfillment infrastructures, greater technical capabilities, faster and less costly shipping, significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources and larger customer bases than we do. These factors may

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allow our competitors to derive greater net revenue and profits from their existing customer base, acquire customers at lower costs or respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in consumer habits. These competitors may engage in more extensive research and development efforts, undertake more far-reaching marketing campaigns and adopt more aggressive pricing policies, which may allow them to build larger customer bases or generate net revenue from their customer bases more effectively than we do.

Our success depends, in substantial part, on our continued ability to market our products through search engines and social media platforms.

The marketing of our products depends on our ability to cultivate and maintain cost-effective and otherwise satisfactory relationships with search engines and social media platforms, including those operated by Google, Facebook, Bing and Yahoo!. These platforms could decide to change their terms and conditions of use at any time (and without notice) and/or significantly increase their fees. No assurances can be provided that we will be able to maintain cost-effective and otherwise satisfactory relationships with these platforms and our inability to do so in the case of one or more of these platforms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We obtain a significant number of visits via search engines such as Google, Bing and Yahoo! Search engines frequently change the algorithms that determine the ranking and display of results of a user’s search and may make other changes to the way results are displayed, which can negatively affect the placement of links and, therefore, reduce the number of visits to our website. The growing use of online ad-blocking software may also impact the success of our marketing efforts because we may reach a smaller audience and fail to bring more customers to our website, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

System interruptions that impair customer access to our sites or other performance failures or incidents involving our logistics network, our technology infrastructure or our critical technology partners could damage our business, reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our sites, transaction processing systems, logistics network, and technology infrastructure are critical to our reputation and our ability to acquire and retain customers, as well as maintain adequate customer service levels.

For example, if one of our data centers fails or suffers an interruption or degradation of services, we could lose customer data and miss order fulfillment deadlines, which could harm our business. Our systems and operations, including our ability to fulfill customer orders through our logistics network, are also vulnerable to damage or interruption from inclement weather, fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, labor disputes, cyber-attacks, data loss, acts of war, break-ins, earthquake and similar events. In the event of a data center failure, the move to a back-up could take substantial time, during which time our sites could be completely shut down. Further, our back-up services may not effectively process spikes in demand, may process transactions more slowly and may not support all of our site’s functionality.

We use complex proprietary software in our technology infrastructure, which we seek to continually update and improve. We may not always be successful in executing these upgrades and improvements, and the operation of our systems may be subject to failure. In particular, we have in the past and may in the future experience slowdowns or interruptions on some or all of our sites when we are updating them, and new technologies or infrastructures may not be fully integrated with existing systems on a timely basis, or at all. Additionally, if we expand our use of third-party services, including cloud-based services, our technology infrastructure may be subject to increased risk of slowdown or interruption as a result of integration with such services and/or failures by such third parties, which are out of our control. Our net revenue depends on the number of visitors who shop on our sites and the volume of orders we can handle. Unavailability of our sites or reduced order fulfillment performance would reduce the volume of goods sold and could also materially adversely affect consumer perception of our brand.

We may experience periodic system interruptions from time to time. In addition, continued growth in our transaction volume, as well as surges in online traffic and orders associated with promotional activities or seasonal trends in our business, place additional demands on our technology platform and could cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interruptions. If there is a substantial increase in the volume of traffic on our sites or the number of orders placed by customers, we may be required to further expand and upgrade our technology, logistics network, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. There can be no assurance that we will be able to accurately project the rate or timing of increases, if any, in the use of our sites or expand and upgrade our systems and infrastructure

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to accommodate such increases on a timely basis. In order to remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our sites, which is particularly challenging given the rapid rate at which new technologies, customer preferences and expectations and industry standards and practices are evolving in the e-commerce industry. Accordingly, we redesign and enhance various functions on our sites on a regular basis, and we may experience instability and performance issues as a result of these changes.

Any slowdown, interruption or performance failure of our sites and the underlying technology and logistics infrastructure could harm our business, reputation and our ability to acquire, retain and serve our customers, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations.

Our failure or the failure of third-party service providers to protect our sites, networks and systems against security breaches, or otherwise to protect our confidential information, could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and operating results.

We collect, maintain, transmit and store data about our customers, employees, contractors, suppliers, vendors and others, including credit card information and personally identifiable information, as well as other confidential and proprietary information. We also employ third-party service providers that store, process and transmit certain proprietary, personal and confidential information on our behalf. We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties in an effort to securely transmit, encrypt, anonymize or pseudonymize certain confidential and sensitive information, including credit card numbers. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other developments may result in the whole or partial failure of this technology to protect transaction and personal data or other confidential and sensitive information from being breached or compromised. Our security measures, and those of our third-party service providers, may not detect or prevent all attempts to hack our systems, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, ransom-ware, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks and similar disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in or transmitted by our sites, networks and systems or that we or our third-party service providers otherwise maintain, including payment card systems and human resources management platforms. We and our service providers may not anticipate, discover or prevent all types of attacks until after they have already been launched, and techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers. In addition, security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent breaches by our employees or by persons with whom we have commercial relationships.

Breaches of our security measures or those of our third-party service providers or cyber security incidents could result in unauthorized access to our sites, networks and systems; unauthorized access to and misappropriation of personal information, including consumers’ and employees’ personally identifiable information, or other confidential or proprietary information of ourselves or third parties; limited or terminated access to certain payment methods or fines or higher transaction fees to use such methods; viruses, worms, spyware or other malware being served from our sites, networks or systems; deletion or modification of content or the display of unauthorized content on our sites; interruption, disruption or malfunction of operations; costs relating to breach remediation, deployment or training of additional personnel and protection technologies, responses to governmental investigations and media inquiries and coverage; engagement of third party experts and consultants; litigation, regulatory action and other potential liabilities. If any of these breaches of security occur, our reputation and brand could be damaged, our business may suffer, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such breaches and we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation or regulatory action and possible liability. In addition, any party who is able to illicitly obtain a customer’s password could access that customer’s transaction data or personal information. Any compromise or breach of our security measures, or those of our third-party service providers, could violate applicable privacy, data security and other laws, and cause significant legal and financial exposure, adverse publicity and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. We may need to devote significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches, diverting resources from the growth and expansion of our business.

We may be subject to product liability and other similar claims if people or property are harmed by the products we sell.

Some of the products we sell may expose us to product liability and other claims and litigation (including class actions) or regulatory action relating to safety, personal injury, death or environmental or property damage. Some of our agreements with members of our supply chain may not indemnify us from product liability for a particular product,

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and some members of our supply chain may not have sufficient resources or insurance to satisfy their indemnity and defense obligations. Although we maintain liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all.

Risks associated with the suppliers from whom our products are sourced could materially adversely affect our financial performance as well as our reputation and brand.

We depend on our ability to provide our customers with a wide range of products from qualified suppliers, many of whom are located in countries outside of the U.S., in a timely and efficient manner. Political and economic instability, the financial stability of suppliers, suppliers’ ability to meet our standards, labor problems experienced by suppliers, the availability or cost of raw materials, merchandise quality issues, currency exchange rates, trade tariff developments, transport availability and cost, transport security, inflation, and other factors relating to our suppliers are beyond our control.

Our agreements with most of our suppliers do not provide for the long-term availability of merchandise or the continuation of particular pricing practices, nor do they usually restrict such suppliers from selling products to other buyers. There can be no assurance that our current suppliers will continue to seek to sell us products on current terms or that we will be able to establish new or otherwise extend current supply relationships to ensure product acquisitions in a timely and efficient manner and on acceptable commercial terms. Our ability to develop and maintain relationships with reputable suppliers and offer high quality merchandise to our customers is critical to our success. If we are unable to develop and maintain relationships with suppliers that would allow us to offer a sufficient amount and variety of quality merchandise on acceptable commercial terms, our ability to satisfy our customers’ needs, and therefore our long-term growth prospects, would be materially adversely affected.

Further, we rely on our suppliers’ representations of product quality, safety and compliance with applicable laws and standards. If our suppliers or other vendors violate applicable laws, regulations or our supplier code of conduct, or implement practices regarded as unethical, unsafe, or hazardous to the environment, it could damage our reputation and negatively affect our operating results. Further, concerns regarding the safety and quality of products provided by our suppliers could cause our customers to avoid purchasing those products from us, or avoid purchasing products from us altogether, even if the basis for the concern is outside of our control. As such, any issue, or perceived issue, regarding the quality and safety of any items we sell, regardless of the cause, could adversely affect our brand, reputation, operations and financial results.

We also are unable to predict whether any of the countries in which our suppliers’ products are currently manufactured or may be manufactured in the future will be subject to new, different, or additional trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or foreign governments or the likelihood, type or effect of any such restrictions. Any event causing a disruption or delay of imports from suppliers with international manufacturing operations, including the imposition of additional import restrictions, restrictions on the transfer of funds or increased tariffs or quotas, could increase the cost or reduce the supply of merchandise available to our customers and materially adversely affect our financial performance as well as our reputation and brand. Furthermore, some or all of our suppliers’ foreign operations may be adversely affected by political and financial instability, resulting in the disruption of trade from exporting countries, restrictions on the transfer of funds or other trade disruptions.

In addition, our business with foreign suppliers may be affected by changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies. For example, any movement by any other foreign currency against the U.S. dollar may result in higher costs to us for those goods. Declines in foreign currencies and currency exchange rates might negatively affect the profitability and business prospects of one or more of our foreign suppliers. This, in turn, might cause such foreign suppliers to demand higher prices for merchandise in their effort to offset any lost profits associated with any currency devaluation, delay merchandise shipments, or discontinue selling to us altogether, any of which could ultimately reduce our sales or increase our costs.

Our suppliers have imposed conditions in our business arrangements with them. If we are unable to continue satisfying these conditions, or such suppliers impose additional restrictions with which we cannot comply, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our suppliers have strict conditions for doing business with them. Several are sizeable such as General Electric, Whirlpool and Riggs Distributing. If we cannot satisfy these conditions or if they impose additional or more restrictive

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conditions that we cannot satisfy, our business would be materially adversely affected. It would be materially detrimental to our business if these suppliers decided to no longer do business with us, increased the pricing at which they allow us to purchase their goods or impose other restrictions or conditions that make it more difficult for us to work with them. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We may be unable to source new suppliers or strengthen our relationships with current suppliers.

We have relationships with approximately 40 suppliers. Our agreements with suppliers are generally terminable at will by either party upon short notice. If we do not maintain our existing relationships or build new relationships with suppliers on acceptable commercial terms, we may not be able to maintain a broad selection of merchandise, and our business and prospects would suffer severely.

In order to attract quality suppliers, we must:

• demonstrate our ability to help our suppliers increase their sales;

• offer suppliers a high quality, cost-effective fulfillment process; and

• continue to provide suppliers with a dynamic and real-time view of our demand and inventory needs.

If we are unable to provide our suppliers with a compelling return on investment and an ability to increase their sales, we may be unable to maintain and/or expand our supplier network, which would negatively impact our business.

We depend on our suppliers to perform certain services regarding the products that we offer.

As part of offering our suppliers’ products for sale on our sites, suppliers are often responsible for conducting a number of traditional retail operations with respect to their respective products, including maintaining inventory and preparing merchandise for shipment to our customers. In these instances, we may be unable to ensure that suppliers will perform these services to our or our customers’ satisfaction in a manner that provides our customer with a unified brand experience or on commercially reasonable terms. If our customers become dissatisfied with the services provided by our suppliers, our business, reputation and brands could suffer.

We depend on our relationships with third parties, and changes in our relationships with these parties could adversely impact our revenue and profits.

We rely on third parties to operate certain elements of our business. For example, we use carriers such as FedEx, UPS, DHL and the U.S. Postal Service to deliver products. As a result, we may be subject to shipping delays or disruptions caused by inclement weather, natural disasters, system interruptions and technology failures, labor activism, health epidemics or bioterrorism. We are also subject to risks of breakage or other damage during delivery by any of these third parties. We also use and rely on other services from third parties, such as retail partner services, telecommunications services, customs, consolidation and shipping services, as well as warranty, installation and design services.

We may be unable to maintain these relationships, and these services may also be subject to outages and interruptions that are not within our control. For example, failures by our telecommunications providers have in the past and may in the future interrupt our ability to provide phone support to our customers. Third parties may in the future determine they no longer wish to do business with us or may decide to take other actions or make changes to their practices that could harm our business. We may also determine that we no longer want to do business with them. If products are not delivered in a timely fashion or are damaged during the delivery process, or if we are not able to provide adequate customer support or other services or offerings, our customers could become dissatisfied and cease buying products through our sites, which would adversely affect our operating results.

The seasonal trends in our business create variability in our financial and operating results and place increased strain on our operations.

We experience surges in orders associated with promotional activities and seasonal trends. This activity may place additional demands on our technology systems and logistics network and could cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interruptions. Any such system, site or service interruptions could prevent us from efficiently receiving or fulfilling orders, which may reduce the volume or quality of goods or services we sell and may cause customer dissatisfaction and harm our reputation and brand.

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Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to provide our customers a cost-effective shopping platform that is able to respond and adapt to rapid changes in technology.

The number of people who access the Internet through devices other than personal computers, including mobile phones, smartphones, handheld computers such as notebooks and tablets, video game consoles, and television set-top devices, has increased dramatically in the past few years. We continually upgrade existing technologies and business applications to keep pace with these rapidly changing and continuously evolving technologies, and we may be required to implement new technologies or business applications in the future. The implementation of these upgrades and changes requires significant investments and as new devices and platforms are released, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in developing applications for these alternative devices and platforms. Additionally, we may need to devote significant resources to the support and maintenance of such applications once created. Our results of operations may be affected by the timing, effectiveness and costs associated with the successful implementation of any upgrades or changes to our systems and infrastructure to accommodate such alternative devices and platforms. Further, in the event that it is more difficult or less compelling for our customers to buy products from us on their mobile or other devices, or if our customers choose not to buy products from us on such devices or to use mobile or other products that do not offer access to our sites, our customer growth could be harmed and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

Significant merchandise returns could harm our business.

We allow our customers to return products, subject to our return policy. If merchandise returns are significant, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed. Further, we modify our policies relating to returns from time to time, which may result in customer dissatisfaction or an increase in the number of product returns. Many of our products are large and require special handling and delivery. From time to time our products are damaged in transit, which can increase return rates and harm our brand.

Uncertainties in economic conditions and their impact on consumer spending patterns, particularly in the home goods segment, could adversely impact our operating results.

Consumers may view a substantial portion of the products we offer as discretionary items rather than necessities. As a result, our results of operations are sensitive to changes in macro-economic conditions that impact consumer spending, including discretionary spending. Some of the factors adversely affecting consumer spending include levels of unemployment; consumer debt levels; changes in net worth based on market changes and uncertainty; home foreclosures and changes in home values or the overall housing, residential construction or home improvement markets; fluctuating interest rates; credit availability, including mortgages, home equity loans and consumer credit; government actions; fluctuating fuel and other energy costs; fluctuating commodity prices and general uncertainty regarding the overall future economic environment. Adverse economic changes in any of the regions in which we sell our products could reduce consumer confidence and could negatively affect net revenue and have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Our business relies heavily on email and other messaging services, and any restrictions on the sending of emails or messages or an inability to timely deliver such communications could materially adversely affect our net revenue and business.

Our business is highly dependent upon email and other messaging services for promoting our sites and products. If we are unable to successfully deliver emails or other messages to our subscribers, or if subscribers decline to open our emails or other messages, our net revenue and profitability would be materially adversely affected. Changes in how webmail applications organize and prioritize email may also reduce the number of subscribers opening our emails. For example, in 2013 Google Inc.’s Gmail service began offering a feature that organizes incoming emails into categories (for example, primary, social and promotions). Such categorization or similar inbox organizational features may result in our emails being delivered in a less prominent location in a subscriber’s inbox or viewed as “spam” by our subscribers and may reduce the likelihood of that subscriber opening our emails. Actions by third parties to block, impose restrictions on or charge for the delivery of emails or other messages could also adversely impact our business. From time to time, Internet service providers or other third parties may block bulk email transmissions or otherwise experience technical difficulties that result in our inability to successfully deliver emails or other messages to third parties. Changes in the laws or regulations that limit our ability to send such communications or impose additional requirements upon us in connection with sending such communications would also materially adversely impact our

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business. Our use of email and other messaging services to send communications about our products or other matters may also result in legal claims against us, which may cause us increased expenses, and if successful might result in fines and orders with costly reporting and compliance obligations or might limit or prohibit our ability to send emails or other messages. We also rely on social networking messaging services to send communications and to encourage customers to send communications. Changes to the terms of these social networking services to limit promotional communications, any restrictions that would limit our ability or our customers’ ability to send communications through their services, disruptions or downtime experienced by these social networking services or decline in the use of or engagement with social networking services by customers and potential customers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We are subject to risks related to online payment methods.

We accept payments using a variety of methods, including credit card, debit card, PayPal, credit accounts and gift cards. As we offer new payment options to consumers, we may be subject to additional regulations, compliance requirements and fraud. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs and lower profitability. We are also subject to payment card association operating rules and certification requirements, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard and rules governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. As our business changes, we may also be subject to different rules under existing standards, which may require new assessments that involve costs above what we currently pay for compliance. If we fail to comply with the rules or requirements of any provider of a payment method we accept, if the volume of fraud in our transactions limits or terminates our rights to use payment methods we currently accept, or if a data breach occurs relating to our payment systems, we may, among other things, be subject to fines or higher transaction fees and may lose, or face restrictions placed upon, our ability to accept credit card and debit card payments from consumers or to facilitate other types of online payments. If any of these events were to occur, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

We occasionally receive orders placed with fraudulent credit card data. We may suffer losses as a result of orders placed with fraudulent credit card data even if the associated financial institution approved payment of the orders. Under current credit card practices, we may be liable for fraudulent credit card transactions. If we are unable to detect or control credit card fraud, our liability for these transactions could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Government regulation of the Internet and e-commerce is evolving, and unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with these regulations could substantially harm our business and results of operations.

We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the Internet and e-commerce. Existing and future regulations and laws could impede the growth of the Internet, e-commerce or mobile commerce. These regulations and laws may involve taxes, tariffs, privacy and data security, anti-spam, content protection, electronic contracts and communications, consumer protection, Internet neutrality and gift cards. It is not clear how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes and consumer privacy apply to the Internet as the vast majority of these laws were adopted prior to the advent of the Internet and do not contemplate or address the unique issues raised by the Internet or e-commerce. It is possible that general business regulations and laws, or those specifically governing the Internet or e-commerce, may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. We cannot be sure that our practices have complied, comply or will comply fully with all such laws and regulations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in damage to our reputation, a loss in business and proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. Any such proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, force us to spend significant amounts in defense of these proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, decrease the use of our sites by consumers and suppliers and may result in the imposition of monetary liability. We may also be contractually liable to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any such laws or regulations. Adverse legal or regulatory developments could substantially harm our business. Further, if we enter into new market segments or geographical areas and expand the products and services we offer, we may be subject to additional laws and regulatory requirements or prohibited from conducting our business, or certain aspects of it, in certain jurisdictions. We will incur additional costs complying with these additional obligations and any failure or perceived failure to comply would adversely affect our business and reputation.

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Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

A variety of laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, sharing, export and security of personal information. Laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection are evolving and subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our practices. As a result, our practices may not comply, or may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, requirements and obligations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any applicable privacy or consumer protection- related laws, regulations, industry self-regulatory principles, industry standards or codes of conduct, regulatory guidance, orders to which we may be subject or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other liabilities or require us to change our operations and/or cease using certain data sets. Any such claim, proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, brand and business, force us to incur significant expenses in defense of such proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, result in a loss of customers and suppliers and may result in the imposition of monetary penalties. We may also be contractually required to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any laws, regulations or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection or any inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure of data that we store or handle as part of operating our business.

Federal, state and international governmental authorities continue to evaluate the privacy implications inherent in the use of proprietary or third-party “cookies” and other methods of online tracking for behavioral advertising and other purposes. U.S. and foreign governments have enacted, have considered or are considering legislation or regulations that could significantly restrict the ability of companies and individuals to engage in these activities, such as by regulating the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools or the use of data gathered with such tools. Additionally, some providers of consumer devices and web browsers have implemented, or announced plans to implement, means to make it easier for Internet users to prevent the placement of cookies or to block other tracking technologies, which could if widely adopted significantly reduce the effectiveness of such practices and technologies. The regulation of the use of cookies and other current online tracking and advertising practices or a loss in our ability to make effective use of services that employ such technologies could increase our costs of operations and limit our ability to acquire new customers on cost-effective terms and consequently, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

In addition, various federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, or self-regulatory organizations, may expand current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data protection and consumer protection. Any such changes may force us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices. This could compromise our ability to pursue our growth strategy effectively and may adversely affect our ability to acquire customers or otherwise harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

Changes in tax treatment of companies engaged in e-commerce may adversely affect the commercial use of our sites and our financial results.

Due to the global nature of the Internet, it is possible that various states or foreign countries might attempt to impose additional or new regulation on our business or levy additional or new sales, income or other taxes relating to our activities. Tax authorities at the international, federal, state and local levels are currently reviewing the appropriate treatment of companies engaged in e-commerce. New or revised international, federal, state or local tax regulations or court decisions may subject us or our customers to additional sales, income and other taxes. For example, on June 21, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court rendered a 5-4 majority decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., 138 S. Ct. 2080 (2018) where the Court held, among other things, that a state may require an out-of-state seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales taxes on goods the seller ships to consumers in the state, overturning existing court precedent. Other new or revised taxes and, in particular, sales taxes, value added tax and similar taxes could increase the cost of doing business online and decrease the attractiveness of selling products over the Internet. New taxes and rulings could also create significant increases in internal costs necessary to capture data and collect and remit taxes. In addition, we may charge sales taxes in jurisdictions where our competitors do not, resulting in our

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product prices potentially being higher than those of our competitors. As a result, we may lose sales to our competitors in these jurisdictions. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We rely on the performance of members of management and highly skilled personnel, and if we are unable to attract, develop, motivate and retain well-qualified employees, our business could be harmed.

We believe our success has depended, and continues to depend, on the members of our senior management teams. The loss of any of our senior management or other key employees could materially harm our business. Our future success also depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees, particularly mid-level managers and merchandising and technology personnel. The market for such positions is competitive. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract them. Our inability to recruit and develop mid-level managers could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements. All of our officers and other U.S. employees are at-will employees, meaning that they may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property rights.

We regard our customer lists, domain names, trade dress, trade secrets, proprietary technology and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on trade secret protection, agreements and other methods with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. We might not be able to obtain broad protection for all of our intellectual property. The protection of our intellectual property rights may require the expenditure of significant financial, managerial and operational resources. We may initiate claims or litigation against others for infringement, misappropriation or violation of our intellectual property rights or proprietary rights or to establish the validity of such rights. Any litigation, whether or not it is resolved in our favor, could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, which may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Moreover, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may not adequately protect our rights or prevent third parties from infringing or misappropriating our proprietary rights, and we may not be able to broadly enforce all of our intellectual property rights. Any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. Additionally, the process of obtaining intellectual property protections is expensive and time-consuming, and we may not be able to pursue all necessary or desirable actions at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that these protections will adequately safeguard our intellectual property, as the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of patent and other intellectual property rights are uncertain. We also cannot be certain that others will not independently develop or otherwise acquire equivalent or superior technology or intellectual property rights. We may also be exposed to claims from third parties claiming infringement of their intellectual property rights, or demanding the release or license of open source software or derivative works that we developed using such software (which could include our proprietary code) or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license, publicly release the affected portions of our source code, be limited in or cease using the implicated software unless and until we can re-engineer such software to avoid infringement or change the use of the implicated open source software.

We may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties.

The e-commerce industry is characterized by vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights, which has resulted in protracted and expensive litigation for many companies. We may be subject to claims and litigation by third parties that we infringe their intellectual property rights. The costs of supporting such litigation and disputes are considerable, and there can be no assurances that favorable outcomes will be obtained. As our business expands and the number of competitors in our market increases and overlaps occur, we expect that infringement claims may increase in number and significance. Any claims or proceedings against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time-consuming, result in considerable litigation costs, require significant amounts of management time or result in the diversion of significant operational resources, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

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We have received in the past, and we may receive in the future, communications alleging that certain items posted on or sold through our sites violate third-party copyrights, designs, marks and trade names or other intellectual property rights or other proprietary rights. Brand and content owners and other proprietary rights owners have actively asserted their purported rights against online companies. In addition to litigation from rights owners, we may be subject to regulatory, civil or criminal proceedings and penalties if governmental authorities believe we have aided and abetted in the sale of counterfeit or infringing products.

Such claims, whether or not meritorious, may result in the expenditure of significant financial, managerial and operational resources, injunctions against us or the payment of damages by us. We may need to obtain licenses from third parties who allege that we have violated their rights, but such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims.

We are engaged in legal proceedings that could cause us to incur unforeseen expenses and could occupy a significant amount of our management’s time and attention.

From time to time, we are subject to litigation or claims that could negatively affect our business operations and financial position. Litigation disputes could cause us to incur unforeseen expenses, result in site unavailability, service disruptions, and otherwise occupy a significant amount of our management’s time and attention, any of which could negatively affect our business operations and financial position. We also from time to time receive inquiries and subpoenas and other types of information requests from government authorities and we may become subject to related claims and other actions related to our business activities. While the ultimate outcome of investigations, inquiries, information requests and related legal proceedings is difficult to predict, such matters can be expensive, time-consuming and distracting, and adverse resolutions or settlements of those matters may result in, among other things, modification of our business practices, reputational harm or costs and significant payments, any of which could negatively affect our business operations and financial position.

Risks Related to Our Custom Cabinetry Business

The loss of any of our key customers could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.

Historically, a few long term recurring contractor customers have accounted for a majority of our revenues. There can be no assurance that we will maintain or improve the relationships with those customers. Our major customers often change each period based on when a given order is placed. If we cannot maintain long-term relationships with major customers or replace major customers from period to period with equivalent customers, the loss of such sales could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business primarily relies on U.S. home improvement, repair and remodel and new home construction activity levels, all of which are impacted by risks associated with fluctuations in the housing market. Downward changes in the general economy, the housing market or other business conditions could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Our business primarily relies on home improvement, repair and remodel and new home construction activity levels in the United States. The housing market is sensitive to changes in economic conditions and other factors, such as the level of employment, access to labor, consumer confidence, consumer income, availability of financing and interest rate levels. Adverse changes in any of these conditions generally, or in any of the markets where we operate, including due to the global pandemic, could decrease demand and could adversely impact our businesses by: causing consumers to delay or decrease homeownership; making consumers more price conscious resulting in a shift in demand to smaller, less expensive homes; making consumers more reluctant to make investments in their existing homes, including large kitchen and bath repair and remodel projects; or making it more difficult to secure loans for major renovations.

Increases in interest rates and the reduced availability of financing for home improvements may cause our sales and profitability to decrease.

In general, demand for home improvement products may be adversely affected by increases in interest rates and the reduced availability of financing. Also, trends in the financial industry which influence the requirements used by lenders to evaluate potential buyers can result in reduced availability of financing. If interest rates or lending

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requirements increase and consequently, the ability of prospective buyers to finance purchases of home improvement products is adversely affected, our business, financial condition and results of operations may also be adversely impacted and the impact may be material.

Our custom cabinetry business is subject to seasonal and other periodic fluctuations, and affected by factors beyond our control, which may cause our sales and operating results to fluctuate significantly.

Our custom cabinetry business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. We believe that we can more effectively control and balance our direct labor resources and costs during seasonal variations in our custom cabinetry business, depending on the dynamics of the market served. However, extreme winter weather conditions can have an adverse effect on appointments and installations which typically occur during our fourth and first quarters and can also negatively affect our net sales and operating results. In addition, sales and revenues may decline in the fourth quarter due to the holiday season.

Difficulties in recruiting adequate personnel may have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our growth expectations.

In order to fulfill our growth expectations, we must recruit, hire, train and retain qualified sales and installation personnel. In particular, during the pandemic, we may experience greater difficulty in fulfilling our personnel needs since our employees are not able to work remotely for installations. When new construction and remodeling are on the rise, recruiting of independent contractors to perform our installations becomes more difficult. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient contractors or employees to fulfill our installation requirements. Our inability to fulfill our personnel needs could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our growth expectations.

Increases in the cost of labor, union organizing activity and work stoppages at our facility or the facilities of our suppliers could materially affect our financial performance.

Our business is labor intensive, and, as a result, our financial performance is affected by the availability of qualified personnel and the cost of labor. Currently, none of our employees are represented by labor unions. Strikes or other types of conflicts with personnel could arise or we may become a target for union organizing activity. Some of our direct and indirect suppliers have unionized work forces. Strikes, work stoppages or slowdowns experienced by these suppliers could result in slowdowns or closures of facilities where components of our products are manufactured. Any interruption in the production of our products could reduce sales of our products and increase our costs.

In the event of a catastrophic loss of our key manufacturing facility, our business would be adversely affected.

While we maintain insurance covering our facility, including business interruption insurance, a catastrophic loss of the use of all or a portion of our manufacturing facility due to accident, labor issues, weather conditions, natural disaster or otherwise, whether short or long-term, could have a material adverse effect on us.

We could face potential product liability claims relating to our products which could result in significant costs and liabilities, which would reduce our profitability.

We face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the installation and use of any of our products results in personal injury or property damage. We are also exposed to potential liability and product performance warranty risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and sale of our products. In the event that any of our products prove to be defective, we may be required to recall or redesign such products, which would result in significant unexpected costs. Any insurance we maintain may not be available on terms acceptable to us or such coverage may not be adequate for liabilities actually incurred. Further, any claim could result in adverse publicity against us, which could adversely affect our sales or increase our costs.

If we are unable to compete successfully with our competitors, our financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

We operate in a highly fragmented and very competitive industry. Our competitors include national and local cabinetry manufacturers. These can be large, consolidated operations which house their manufacturing facilities in large and efficient plants, as well as relatively small, local cabinetmakers. Although we believe that we have superior name and reputation of direct marketing of custom designed cabinetry, we compete with numerous competitors in our primary

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markets, Boise and the surrounding area (Twin Falls, McCall, and Sun Valley), in which we operate, with reputation, price, workmanship and services being the principal competitive factors. Some of our competitors have achieved substantially more market penetration in certain of the markets in which we operate. Some of our competitors have greater resources available and are less highly leveraged, which may provide them with greater financial flexibility. We also compete against retail chains, including Sears, Costco, Builders Square, Sam’s Warehouse Club and other stores, which offer similar products and services through licensees. We compete, to a lesser extent, with small home improvement contractors and with large “home center” retailers such as Home Depot and Lowes. As a result of the implementation of our business strategy to conduct more remodel, condo/multi-family, and commercial projects in the new construction markets, we anticipate that we will compete to a greater degree with large “home center” retailers. To remain competitive, we will need to invest continuously in manufacturing, customer service and support, marketing and our dealer network. We may have to adjust the prices of some of our products to stay competitive, which would reduce our revenues or harm our financial condition and result of operations. We may not have sufficient resources to continue to make such investments or maintain our competitive position within each of the markets we serve.

We have historically depended on a limited number of third parties to supply key raw materials or finished goods to us. Failure to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials or finished goods in a timely fashion and at reasonable costs could significantly delay our production, which would cause us to breach our sales contracts with our customers.

We have historically purchased certain key raw materials and finished goods such as lumber, doors and hardware, from a limited number of suppliers. We purchased raw materials and finished goods on the basis of purchase orders. In the absence of firm and long-term contracts, we may not be able to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials and finished goods from our existing suppliers or alternates in a timely fashion or at a reasonable cost. If we fail to secure a sufficient supply of key raw materials and finished goods in a timely fashion, it would result in a significant delay in our production, which may cause us to breach our sales contracts with our customers. Furthermore, failure to obtain sufficient supply of these raw materials and finished goods at a reasonable cost could also harm our revenue and gross profit margins.

Increased prices for raw materials or finished goods used in our products could increase our cost of sales and decrease demand for our products, which could adversely affect our revenue or profitability.

Our profitability is affected by the prices of the raw materials and finished goods used in the manufacturing of our products. These prices may fluctuate based on a number of factors beyond our control, including, among others, changes in supply and demand, general economic conditions, labor costs, competition, import duties, tariffs, currency exchange rates and, in some cases, government regulation. Increased prices could adversely affect our profitability or revenues. We do not have long-term supply contracts for the raw materials and finished goods used in the manufacturing of our products; however, we enter into pricing agreements with certain customers which fix their pricing for specified periods ranging from one to twelve months. Significant increases in the prices of raw materials or finished goods could adversely affect our profit margins, especially if we are not able to recover these costs by increasing the prices we charge our customers for our products.

Interruptions in deliveries of raw materials or finished goods could adversely affect our revenue or profitability.

Our dependency upon regular deliveries from particular suppliers means that interruptions or stoppages in such deliveries could adversely affect our operations until arrangements with alternate suppliers could be made. If any of our suppliers were unable to deliver materials to us for an extended period of time, as the result of financial difficulties, catastrophic events affecting their facilities or other factors beyond our control, or if we were unable to negotiate acceptable terms for the supply of materials with these or alternative suppliers, our business could suffer. We may not be able to find acceptable alternatives, and any such alternatives could result in increased costs for us. Even if acceptable alternatives are found, the process of locating and securing such alternatives might be disruptive to our business. Extended unavailability of a necessary raw material or finished good could cause us to cease manufacturing of one or more products for a period of time.

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Environmental requirements applicable to our facilities may impose significant environmental compliance costs and liabilities, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

Our facilities are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to pollution and the protection of the environment, including those governing emissions to air, discharges to water, storage, treatment and disposal of waste, remediation of contaminated sites and protection of worker health and safety. We believe we are in substantial compliance with all applicable requirements. However, our efforts to comply with environmental requirements do not remove the risk that we may be held liable, or incur fines or penalties, and that the amount of liability, fines or penalties may be material, for, among other things, releases of hazardous substances occurring on or emanating from current or formerly owned or operated properties or any associated offsite disposal location, or for contamination discovered at any of our properties from activities conducted by previous occupants.

Changes in environmental laws and regulations or the discovery of previously unknown contamination or other liabilities relating to our properties and operations could result in significant environmental liabilities. In addition, we might incur significant capital and other costs to comply with increasingly stringent air emission control laws and enforcement policies which would decrease our cash flow.

We may fail to fully realize the anticipated benefits of our growth strategy within the multi-family and commercial properties channels.

Part of our growth strategy depends on expanding our business in the multi-family and commercial properties channels. We may fail to compete successfully against other companies that are already established providers within those channels. Demand for our products within the multi-family and commercial properties channels may not grow, or might even decline. In addition, trends within the industry change often, we may not accurately gauge consumer preferences and successfully develop, manufacture and market our products. Our failure to anticipate, identify or react to changes in these trends could lead to, among other things, rejection of a new product line, reduced demand and price reductions for our products, and could adversely affect our sales. Further, the implementation of our growth strategy may place additional demands on our administrative, operational and financial resources and may divert management’s attention away from our existing business and increase the demands on our financial systems and controls. If our management is unable to effectively manage growth, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. If our growth strategy is not successful then our revenue and earnings may not grow as anticipated or may decline, we may not be profitable, or our reputation and brand may be damaged. In addition, we may change our financial strategy or other components of our overall business strategy if we believe our current strategy is not effective, if our business or markets change, or for other reasons, which may cause fluctuations in our financial results.

Risks Related to Our Automotive Supply Business

If we fail to offer a broad selection of products at competitive prices or fail to maintain sufficient inventory to meet customer demands, our revenue could decline.

In order to expand our business, we must successfully offer, on a continuous basis, a broad selection of products that meet the needs of our customers, including by being the first to market with new products. In addition, to be successful, our product offerings must be broad and deep in scope, competitively priced, well-made, innovative and attractive to a wide range of consumers. We cannot predict with certainty that we will be successful in offering products that meet all of these requirements. Moreover, even if we offer a broad selection of products at competitive prices, we must maintain sufficient in-stock inventory to meet consumer demand. If our product offerings fail to satisfy our customers’ requirements or respond to changes in customer preferences or we otherwise fail to maintain sufficient in-stock inventory, our revenue could decline.

We are highly dependent upon key suppliers and an interruption in such relationships or our ability to obtain products from such suppliers could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In 2020 and 2019, Wolo purchased a substantial portion of finished goods from four third-party vendors which comprised of 56% and 52% of its purchases, respectively. Our ability to acquire products from our suppliers in amounts and on terms acceptable to us is dependent upon a number of factors that could affect our suppliers and which are beyond our control. For example, financial or operational difficulties that some of our suppliers may face could result

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in an increase in the cost of the products we purchase from them. If we do not maintain our relationships with our existing suppliers or develop relationships with new suppliers on acceptable commercial terms, we may not be able to continue to offer a broad selection of merchandise at competitive prices and, as a result, we could lose customers and our sales could decline.

We also have limited control over the products that our suppliers purchase or keep in stock. Our suppliers may not accurately forecast the products that will be in high demand or they may allocate popular products to other resellers, resulting in the unavailability of certain products for delivery to our customers. Any inability to offer a broad array of products at competitive prices and any failure to deliver those products to our customers in a timely and accurate manner may damage our reputation and brand and could cause us to lose customers and our sales could decline.

In addition, the increasing consolidation among auto parts suppliers may disrupt or end our relationship with some suppliers, result in product shortages and/or lead to less competition and, consequently, higher prices. Furthermore, as part of our routine business, suppliers extend credit to us in connection with our purchase of their products. In the future, our suppliers may limit the amount of credit they are willing to extend to us in connection with our purchase of their products. If this were to occur, it could impair our ability to acquire the types and quantities of products that we desire from the applicable suppliers on acceptable terms, severely impact our liquidity and capital resources, limit our ability to operate our business and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent upon relationships with manufacturers in Taiwan and China, which exposes us to complex regulatory regimes and logistical challenges.

Approximately 95% of our manufacturing is outsourced to contract manufacturers in China and Taiwan, resulting in additional factors could interrupt our relationships or affect our ability to acquire the necessary products on acceptable terms, including:

• political, social and economic instability and the risk of war or other international incidents in Asia or abroad;

• fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that may increase our cost of products;

• imposition of duties, taxes, tariffs or other charges on imports;

• difficulties in complying with import and export laws, regulatory requirements and restrictions;

• natural disasters and public health emergencies, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic;

• import shipping delays resulting from foreign or domestic labor shortages, slow-downs, or stoppage; and

• the failure of local laws to provide a sufficient degree of protection against infringement of our intellectual property;

• imposition of new legislation relating to import quotas or other restrictions that may limit the quantity of our products that may be imported into the U.S. from countries or regions where we do business;

• financial or political instability in any of the countries in which our products are manufactured;

• potential recalls or cancellations of orders for any products that do not meet our quality standards;

• disruption of imports by labor disputes or strikes and local business practices;

• political or military conflict involving the U.S. or any country in which our suppliers are located, which could cause a delay in the transportation of our products, an increase in transportation costs and additional risk to products being damaged and delivered on time;

• heightened terrorism security concerns, which could subject imported goods to additional, more frequent or more thorough inspections, leading to delays in deliveries or impoundment of goods for extended periods;

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• inability of our non-U.S. suppliers to obtain adequate credit or access liquidity to finance their operations; and

• our ability to enforce any agreements with our foreign suppliers.

If we were unable to import products from China and Taiwan or were unable to import products from China and Taiwan in a cost-effective manner, we could suffer irreparable harm to our business and be required to significantly curtail our operations, file for bankruptcy or cease operations.

From time to time, we may also have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights with foreign suppliers. However, it may be more difficult to evaluate the level of legal protection we enjoy in Taiwan and China and the corresponding outcome of any administrative or court proceedings than in comparison to our suppliers in the United States.

We depend on third-party delivery services, for both inbound and outbound shipping, to deliver our products to our distribution centers and subsequently to our customers on a timely and consistent basis, and any deterioration in our relationship with any one of these third parties or increases in the fees that they charge could harm our reputation and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We rely on third parties for the shipment of our products, both inbound and outbound shipping logistics, and we cannot be sure that these relationships will continue on terms favorable to us, or at all. Shipping costs have increased from time to time, and may continue to increase, and we may not be able to pass these costs directly to our customers. Any increased shipping costs could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations by increasing our costs of doing business and reducing gross margins which could negatively affect our operating results. In addition, we utilize a variety of shipping methods for both inbound and outbound logistics. For inbound logistics, we rely on trucking and ocean carriers and any increases in fees that they charge could adversely affect our business and financial condition. For outbound logistics, we rely on ‘‘Less-than-Truckload’’ and parcel freight based upon the product and quantities being shipped and customer delivery requirements. These outbound freight costs have increased on a year-over-year basis and may continue to increase in the future. We also ship a number of oversized auto parts which may trigger additional shipping costs by third-party delivery services. Any increases in fees or any increased use of ‘‘Less-than-Truckload’’ shipping would increase our shipping costs which could negatively affect our operating results.

In addition, if our relationships with these third parties are terminated or impaired, or if these third parties are unable to deliver products for us, whether due to labor shortage, slow down or stoppage, deteriorating financial or business condition, responses to terrorist attacks or for any other reason, we would be required to use alternative carriers for the shipment of products to our customers. Changing carriers could have a negative effect on our business and operating results due to reduced visibility of order status and package tracking and delays in order processing and product delivery, and we may be unable to engage alternative carriers on a timely basis, upon terms favorable to us, or at all.

If commodity prices such as fuel, plastic and steel increase, our margins may be negatively impacted.

Our third-party delivery services have increased fuel surcharges from time to time, and such increases negatively impact our margins, as we are generally unable to pass all of these costs directly to consumers. Increasing prices in the component materials for the parts we sell may impact the availability, the quality and the price of our products, as suppliers search for alternatives to existing materials and increase the prices they charge. We cannot ensure that we can recover all the increased costs through price increases, and our suppliers may not continue to provide the consistent quality of product as they may substitute lower cost materials to maintain pricing levels, all of which may have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.

If we are unable to manage the challenges associated with our international operations, the growth of our business could be limited and our business could suffer.

In addition to our relationships with foreign suppliers, we have contracts with sales representatives from twelve regional sales companies in North America, Mexico, Puerto Rico, the U.K., Europe, the Middle East and the industrial aftermarket. We are subject to a number of risks and challenges that specifically relate to our international operations.

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Our international operations may not be successful if we are unable to meet and overcome these challenges, which could limit the growth of our business and may have an adverse effect on our business and operating results. These risks and challenges include:

• difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations;

• restrictions imposed by local labor practices and laws on our business and operations;

• exposure to different business practices and legal standards;

• unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;

• the imposition of government controls and restrictions;

• political, social and economic instability and the risk of war, terrorist activities or other international incidents;

• the failure of telecommunications and connectivity infrastructure;

• natural disasters and public health emergencies;

• potentially adverse tax consequences; and

• fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and relative weakness in the U.S. dollar.

If our fulfillment operations are interrupted for any significant period of time or are not sufficient to accommodate increased demand, our sales could decline and our reputation could be harmed.

Our success depends on our ability to successfully receive and fulfill orders and to promptly deliver our products to our customers. Most of the orders for our products are filled from our inventory in our distribution centers, where all our inventory management, packaging, labeling and product return processes are performed. Increased demand and other considerations may require us to expand our distribution centers or transfer our fulfillment operations to larger or other facilities in the future. If we do not successfully expand our fulfillment capabilities in response to increases in demand, our sales could decline.

In addition, our distribution centers are susceptible to damage or interruption from human error, pandemics, fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, acts of war, break-ins, earthquakes and similar events. We do not currently maintain back-up power systems at our fulfillment centers. We do not presently have a formal disaster recovery plan and our business interruption insurance may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur in the event operations at our fulfillment center are interrupted. In addition, alternative arrangements may not be available, or if they are available, may increase the cost of fulfillment. Any interruptions in our fulfillment operations for any significant period of time, including interruptions resulting from the expansion of our existing facilities or the transfer of operations to a new facility, could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

We face intense competition and operate in an industry with limited barriers to entry, and some of our competitors may have greater resources than us and may be better positioned to capitalize on the growing auto parts market.

The aftermarket auto parts industry is competitive and highly fragmented, with products distributed through multi-tiered and overlapping channels. We compete with both online and offline retailers who offer OEMs and aftermarket auto parts. Current or potential competitors include FIAMM, Grote, Peterson Manufacturing Company, ECCO, Vixen Horns, HornBlasters and Kleinn.

Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, large customer bases, superior brand recognition and significantly greater financial, marketing, technical, management and other resources than we do. In addition, some of our competitors have used and may continue to use aggressive pricing tactics and devote substantially more financial resources to website and system development than we do. We expect that competition will further intensify in the future as Internet use and online commerce continue to grow worldwide. Increased competition may result in reduced sales, lower operating margins, reduced profitability, loss of market share and diminished brand recognition.

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We rely on key personnel and may need additional personnel for the success and growth of our business.

Our business is largely dependent on the personal efforts and abilities of highly skilled executive, technical, managerial, merchandising and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure that we will be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. The loss of any key employee or our inability to attract or retain other qualified employees could harm our business and results of operations.

If our product catalog database is stolen, misappropriated or damaged, or if a competitor is able to create a substantially similar catalog without infringing our rights, then we may lose an important competitive advantage.

We have invested significant resources and time to build and maintain our product catalog, which is maintained in the form of an electronic database. We believe that our product catalog provides us with an important competitive advantage. We cannot assure you that we will be able to protect our product catalog from unauthorized copying or theft or that our product catalog will continue to operate adequately, without any technological challenges. In addition, it is possible that a competitor could develop a catalog or database that is similar to or more comprehensive than ours, without infringing our rights. In the event our product catalog is damaged or is stolen, copied or otherwise replicated to compete with us, whether lawfully or not, we may lose an important competitive advantage and our business could be harmed.

Economic conditions have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on the demand for aftermarket auto parts and could adversely affect our sales and operating results.

Demand for our products has been and may continue to be adversely affected by general economic conditions. In declining economies, consumers often defer regular vehicle maintenance and may forego purchases of nonessential performance and accessories products, which can result in a decrease in demand for auto parts in general. Consumers also defer purchases of new vehicles, which immediately impacts performance parts and accessories, which are generally purchased in the first six months of a vehicle’s lifespan. In addition, during economic downturns, some competitors may become more aggressive in their pricing practices, which would adversely impact our gross margin. Certain suppliers may exit the industry which may impact our ability to procure parts and may adversely impact gross margin as the remaining suppliers increase prices to take advantage of limited competition.

Vehicle miles driven, vehicle accident rates and insurance companies’ willingness to accept a variety of types of parts in the repair process have fluctuated and may decrease, which could result in a decline of our revenues and negatively affect our results of operations.

We and our industry depend on the number of vehicle miles driven, vehicle accident rates and insurance companies’ willingness to accept a variety of types of parts in the repair process. Decreased miles driven reduce the number of accidents and corresponding demand for parts, and reduce the wear and tear on vehicles with a corresponding reduction in demand for vehicle repairs and parts. If consumers were to drive less in the future and/or accident rates were to decline, as a result of higher gas prices, increased use of ride-shares, the advancement of driver assistance technologies, or otherwise, our sales may decline and our business and financial results may suffer.

We will be required to collect and pay more sales taxes, and could become liable for other fees and penalties, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

We have historically collected sales or other similar taxes only on the shipment of goods to customers in the state of New York. However, following the Supreme Court decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, we are now required to collect sales tax in any state which passes legislation requiring out of state retailers to collect sales tax even where they have no physical nexus. We have historically enjoyed a competitive advantage to the extent our competitors are already subject to those tax obligations. By collecting sales tax in additional states, we will lose this competitive advantage as total costs to our customers will increase, which could adversely affect our sales.

Moreover, if we fail to collect and remit or pay required sales or other taxes in a jurisdiction, or qualify or register to do business in a jurisdiction that requires us to do so or if we have failed to do so in the past, we could face material liabilities for taxes, fees, interest and penalties. If various jurisdictions impose new tax obligations on our business activities, our sales and net income in those jurisdictions could decrease significantly, which could harm our business.

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Higher wage and benefit costs could adversely affect our business.

Changes in federal and state minimum wage laws and other laws relating to employee benefits could cause us to incur additional wage and benefit costs. Increased labor costs brought about by changes in minimum wage laws, other regulations or prevailing market conditions could increase our expenses and have an adverse impact on our profitability.

We face exposure to product liability lawsuits.

The automotive industry in general has been subject to a large number of product liability claims due to the nature of personal injuries that result from car accidents or malfunctions. As a distributor of auto parts, including parts obtained overseas, we could be held liable for the injury or damage caused if the products we sell are defective or malfunction regardless of whether the product manufacturer is the party at fault. While we carry insurance against product liability claims, if the damages in any given action were high or we were subject to multiple lawsuits, the damages and costs could exceed the limits of our insurance coverage or prevent us from obtaining coverage in the future. If we were required to pay substantial damages as a result of these lawsuits, it may seriously harm our business and financial condition. Even defending against unsuccessful claims could cause us to incur significant expenses and result in a diversion of management’s attention. In addition, even if the money damages themselves did not cause substantial harm to our business, the damage to our reputation and the brands offered on our websites could adversely affect our future reputation and our brand, and could result in a decline in our net sales and profitability.

Business interruptions in our facilities may affect the distribution of our products and/or the stability of our computer systems, which may affect our business.

Weather, terrorist activities, war or other disasters, or the threat of them, may result in the closure of one or more of our facilities, or may adversely affect our ability to timely provide products to our customers, resulting in lost sales or a potential loss of customer loyalty. Most of our products are imported from other countries and these goods could become difficult or impossible to bring into the United States, and we may not be able to obtain such products from other sources at similar prices. Such a disruption in revenue could potentially have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We rely extensively on our computer systems to manage inventory, process transactions and timely provide products to our customers. Our systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches or other catastrophic events. If our systems are damaged or fail to function properly, we may experience loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to manage inventories or process customer transactions. Such a disruption of our systems could negatively impact revenue and potentially have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Security threats, such as ransomware attacks, to our IT infrastructure could expose us to liability, and damage our reputation and business.

It is essential to our business strategy that our technology and network infrastructure remain secure and is perceived by our customers to be secure. Despite security measures, however, any network infrastructure may be vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Information security risks have significantly increased in recent years in part due to the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties, including foreign private parties and state actors. We may face cyber-attacks that attempt to penetrate our network security, including our data centers, to sabotage or otherwise disable our network of websites and online marketplaces, misappropriate our or our customers’ proprietary information, which may include personally identifiable information, or cause interruptions of our internal systems and services. If successful, any of these attacks could negatively affect our reputation, damage our network infrastructure and our ability to sell our products, harm our relationship with customers that are affected and expose us to financial liability.

We maintain a comprehensive system of preventive and detective controls through our security programs; however, given the rapidly evolving nature and proliferation of cyber threats, our controls may not prevent or identify all such attacks in a timely manner or otherwise prevent unauthorized access to, damage to, or interruption of our systems and operations, and we cannot eliminate the risk of human error or employee or vendor malfeasance.

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In addition, any failure by us to comply with applicable privacy and information security laws and regulations could cause us to incur significant costs to protect any customers whose personal data was compromised and to restore customer confidence in us and to make changes to our information systems and administrative processes to address security issues and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In addition, our customers could lose confidence in our ability to protect their personal information, which could cause them to stop shopping on our sites altogether. Such events could lead to lost sales and adversely affect our results of operations. We also could be exposed to government enforcement actions and private litigation.

Failure to comply with privacy laws and regulations and failure to adequately protect customer data could harm our business, damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers.

Federal and state and regulations may govern the collection, use, sharing and security of data that we receive from our customers. In addition, we have and post on our websites our own privacy policies and practices concerning the collection, use and disclosure of customer data. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any data-related consent orders, U.S. Federal Trade Commission requirements or other federal, state or international privacy-related laws and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, which could potentially harm our business. Further, failure or perceived failure to comply with our policies or applicable requirements related to the collection, use or security of personal information or other privacy-related matters could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers. The regulatory framework for privacy issues is currently evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future.

Challenges by OEMs to the validity of the aftermarket auto parts industry and claims of intellectual property infringement could adversely affect our business and the viability of the aftermarket auto parts industry.

OEMs have attempted to use claims of intellectual property infringement against manufacturers and distributors of aftermarket products to restrict or eliminate the sale of aftermarket products that are the subject of the claims. The OEMs have brought such claims in federal court and with the United States International Trade Commission. We have received in the past, and we anticipate we may in the future receive, communications alleging that certain products we sell infringe the patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade names or other intellectual property rights of OEMs or other third parties.

The United States Patent and Trademark Office records indicate that OEMs are seeking and obtaining more design patents and trademarks than they have in the past. In some cases, we have entered into license agreements that allow us to sell aftermarket parts that replicate OEM patented parts in exchange for a royalty. In the event that our license agreements, or other similar license arrangements are terminated or we are unable to agree upon renewal terms, we may be subject to restrictions on our ability to sell aftermarket parts that replicate parts covered by design patents or trademarks, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

Litigation or regulatory enforcement could also result in interpretations of the law that require us to change our business practices or otherwise increase our costs and harm our business. We may not maintain sufficient, or any, insurance coverage to cover the types of claims that could be asserted. If a successful claim were brought against us, it could expose us to significant liability.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our reputation and brand could be impaired and we could lose customers.

We regard our patents, trademarks, trade secrets and similar intellectual property as important to our success. We rely on patent, trademark and copyright law, and trade secret protection, and confidentiality and/or license agreements with employees, customers, partners and others to protect our proprietary rights. We cannot be certain that we have taken adequate steps to protect our proprietary rights, especially in countries where the laws may not protect our rights as fully as in the United States. In addition, our proprietary rights may be infringed or misappropriated, and we could be required to incur significant expenses to preserve them. In the past we have filed litigation to protect our intellectual property rights. The outcome of such litigation can be uncertain, and the cost of prosecuting such litigation may have an adverse impact on our earnings. We have patent and trademark registrations for several patents and marks. However, any registrations may not adequately cover our intellectual property or protect us against infringement by

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others. Effective patent, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services may be made available online. We also currently own or control a number of Internet domain names and have invested time and money in the purchase of domain names and other intellectual property, which may be impaired if we cannot protect such intellectual property. We may be unable to protect these domain names or acquire or maintain relevant domain names in the United States and in other countries. If we are not able to protect our patents, trademarks, domain names or other intellectual property, we may experience difficulties in achieving and maintaining brand recognition and customer loyalty.

Because we are involved in litigation from time to time and are subject to numerous laws and governmental regulations, we could incur substantial judgments, fines, legal fees and other costs as well as reputational harm.

We are sometimes the subject of complaints or litigation from customers, employees or other third parties for various reasons. The damages sought against us in some of these litigation proceedings could be substantial. Although we maintain liability insurance for some litigation claims, if one or more of the claims were to greatly exceed our insurance coverage limits or if our insurance policies do not cover a claim, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Existing or future government regulation could expose us to liabilities and costly changes in our business operations and could reduce customer demand for our products and services.

We are subject to federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations, including laws protecting the privacy of customer non-public information and regulations prohibiting unfair and deceptive trade practices, as well as laws and regulations governing businesses in general and the Internet and e-commerce and certain environmental laws. Additional laws and regulations may be adopted with respect to the Internet. These laws may cover issues such as user privacy, spyware and the tracking of consumer activities, marketing e-mails and communications, other advertising and promotional practices, money transfers, pricing, content and quality of products and services, taxation, electronic contracts and other communications, intellectual property rights, and information security. Furthermore, it is not clear how existing laws such as those governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes, trespass, data mining and collection, and personal privacy apply to the Internet and e-commerce. To the extent we expand into international markets, we will be faced with complying with local laws and regulations, some of which may be materially different than U.S. laws and regulations. Any such foreign law or regulation, any new U.S. law or regulation, or the interpretation or application of existing laws and regulations to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations by, among other things, subjecting us to fines, penalties, damages or other liabilities, requiring costly changes in our business operations and practices, and reducing customer demand for our products and services. We may not maintain sufficient, or any, insurance coverage to cover the types of claims or liabilities that could arise as a result of such regulation.

We may be affected by global climate change or by legal, regulatory, or market responses to such change.

The growing political and scientific sentiment is that global weather patterns are being influenced by increased levels of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. This growing sentiment and the concern over climate change have led to legislative and regulatory initiatives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions which warm the earth’s atmosphere. These warmer weather conditions could result in a decrease in demand for auto parts in general. Moreover, proposals that would impose mandatory requirements on greenhouse gas emissions continue to be considered by policy makers in the United States. Laws enacted that directly or indirectly affect our suppliers (through an increase in the cost of production or their ability to produce satisfactory products) or our business (through an impact on our inventory availability, cost of sales, operations or demand for the products we sell) could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Significant increases in fuel economy requirements or new federal or state restrictions on emissions of carbon dioxide that may be imposed on vehicles and automobile fuels could adversely affect demand for vehicles, annual miles driven or the products we sell or lead to changes in automotive technology. Compliance with any new or more stringent laws or regulations, or stricter interpretations of existing laws, could require additional expenditures by us or our suppliers. Our inability to respond to such changes could adversely impact the demand for our products and our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Possible new tariffs that might be imposed by the United States government could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Changes in U.S. and foreign governments’ trade policies have resulted in, and may continue to result in, tariffs on imports into and exports from the U.S., among other restrictions. Throughout 2018 and 2019, the U.S. imposed tariffs on imports from several countries, including China. If further tariffs are imposed on imports of our products, or retaliatory trade measures are taken by China or other countries in response to existing or future tariffs, we could be forced to raise prices on all of our imported products or make changes to our operations, any of which could materially harm our revenue or operating results. Any additional future tariffs or quotas imposed on our products or related materials may impact our sales, gross margin and profitability if we are unable to pass increased prices onto our customers.

Risks Related to Our Relationship with Our Manager

Termination of the management services agreement will not affect our manager’s rights to receive profit allocations and removal of our manager may cause us to incur significant fees.

Our manager owns all of our allocation shares, which generally will entitle our manager to receive a profit allocation as a form of preferred distribution. In general, this profit allocation is designed to pay our manager 20% of the excess of the gains upon dispositions of our subsidiaries, plus an amount equal to the net income of such subsidiaries since their acquisition by our company, over an annualized hurdle rate. If our manager resigns or is removed, for any reason, it will remain the owner of our allocation shares. It will therefore remain entitled to all profit allocations while it holds our allocation shares regardless of whether it is terminated as our manager. If we terminate our manager, it may therefore be difficult or impossible for us to find a replacement to serve the function of our manager, because we would not be able to force our manager to transfer its allocation shares to a replacement manager so that the replacement manager could be entitled to a profit allocation. Therefore, as a practical matter, it may be difficult for us to replace our manager without its cooperation. If it becomes necessary to replace our manager and we are unable to replace our manager without its cooperation, we may be unable to continue to manage our operations effectively and our business may fail.

If we terminate the management services agreement with our manager, any fees, costs and expenses already earned or otherwise payable to our manager upon termination would become immediately due. Moreover, if our manager were to be removed and our management services agreement terminated by a vote of our board of directors and a majority of our common shares other than common shares beneficially owned by our manager, we would also owe a termination fee to our manager on top of the other fees, costs and expenses. In addition, the management services agreement is silent as to whether termination of our manager “for cause” would result in a termination fee; there is therefore a risk that the agreement may be interpreted to entitle our manager to a termination fee even if terminated “for cause”. The termination fee would equal twice the sum of the amount of the quarterly management fees calculated with respect to the four fiscal quarters immediately preceding the termination date of the management services agreement. As a result, we could incur significant management fees as a result of the termination of our manager, which may increase the risk that our business may be unable to meet its financial obligations or otherwise fail.

Mr. Ellery W. Roberts, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, controls our manager. If some event were to occur to cause Mr. Roberts (or his designated successor, heirs, beneficiaries or permitted assigns) not to control our manager without the prior written consent of our board of directors, our manager would be considered terminated under our agreement.

Our manager and the members of our management team may engage in activities that compete with us or our businesses.

Although our Chief Executive Officer intends to devote substantially all of his time to the affairs of our company and our manager must present all opportunities that meet our company’s acquisition and disposition criteria to our board of directors, neither our manager nor our Chief Executive Officer is expressly prohibited from investing in or managing other entities. In this regard, the management services agreement and the obligation to provide management services will not create a mutually exclusive relationship between our manager and its affiliates, on the one hand, and our company, on the other. “The Manager” for more information about our relationship with our manager and our management team.

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Our manager need not present an acquisition opportunity to us if our manager determines on its own that such acquisition opportunity does not meet our company’s acquisition criteria.

Our manager will review any acquisition opportunity to determine if it satisfies our company’s acquisition criteria, as established by our board of directors from time to time. If our manager determines, in its sole discretion, that an opportunity fits our criteria, our manager will refer the opportunity to our board of directors for its authorization and approval prior to signing a letter of intent, indication of interest or similar document or agreement. Opportunities that our manager determines do not fit our criteria do not need to be presented to our board of directors for consideration. In addition, upon a determination by our board of directors not to promptly pursue an opportunity presented to it by our manager, in whole or in part, our manager will be unrestricted in its ability to pursue such opportunity, or any part that we do not promptly pursue, on its own or refer such opportunity to other entities, including its affiliates. If such an opportunity is ultimately profitable, we will have not participated in such opportunity. See Item 1 “The Manager — Acquisition and Disposition Opportunities” for more information about our company’s current acquisition criteria.

Our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Ellery W. Roberts, controls our manager and, as a result we may have difficulty severing ties with Mr. Roberts.

Under the terms of the management services agreement, our board of directors may, after due consultation with our manager, at any time request that our manager replace any individual seconded to our company, and our manager will, as promptly as practicable, replace any such individual. However, because Mr. Roberts controls our manager, we may have difficulty completely severing ties with Mr. Roberts absent terminating the management services agreement and our relationship with our manager. Further, termination of the management services agreement could give rise to a significant financial obligation of our company, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. See “The Manager” for more information about our relationship with our manager.

If the management services agreement is terminated, our manager, as holder of the allocation shares, has the right to cause our company to purchase its allocation shares, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

If: (i) the management services agreement is terminated at any time other than as a result of our manager’s resignation, subject to (ii); or (ii) our manager resigns, our manager will have the right, but not the obligation, for one year from the date of termination or resignation, as the case may be, to cause our company to purchase the allocation shares for the put price. The put price shall be equal to, as of any exercise date: (i) if we terminate the management services agreement, the sum of two separate, independently made calculations of the aggregate amount of the “base put price amount” as of such exercise date; or (ii) if our manager resigns, the average of two separate, independently made calculations of the aggregate amount of the “base put price amount” as of such exercise date. If our manager elects to cause our company to purchase its allocation shares, we are obligated to do so and, until we have done so, our ability to conduct our business, including our ability to incur debt, to sell or otherwise dispose of our property or assets, to engage in certain mergers or consolidations, to acquire or purchase the property, assets or stock of, or beneficial interests in, another business, or to declare and pay distributions, would be restricted. These financial and operational obligations of our company may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business and results of operations. See “The Manager — Our Manager as an Equity Holder — Supplemental Put Provision” for more information about our manager’s put right and our obligations relating thereto, as well as the definition and calculation of the base put price amount.

If the management services agreement is terminated, we will need to change our name and cease our use of the term “1847”, which in turn could have a material adverse impact upon our business and results of operations as we would be required to expend funds to create and market a new name.

Our manager controls our rights to the term “1847” as it is used in the name of our company. Our company and any businesses that we acquire must cease using the term “1847,” including any trademark based on the name of our company that may be licensed to them by our manager under the license provisions of our management services agreement, entirely in their businesses and operations within 180 days of our termination of the management services agreement. The sublicense provisions of the management services agreement would require our company and its businesses to change their names to remove any reference to the term “1847” or any reference to trademarks licensed to them by our manager. This also would require us to create and market a new name and expend funds to protect that name, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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We have agreed to indemnify our manager under the management services agreement that may result in an indemnity payment that could have a material adverse impact upon our business and results of operations.

The management services agreement provides that we will indemnify, reimburse, defend and hold harmless our manager, together with its employees, officers, members, managers, directors and agents, from and against all losses (including lost profits), costs, damages, injuries, taxes, penalties, interests, expenses, obligations, claims and liabilities of any kind arising out of the breach of any term or condition in the management services agreement or the performance of any services under such agreement except by reason of acts or omissions constituting fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence. If our manager is forced to defend itself in any claims or actions arising out of the management services agreement for which we are obligated to provide indemnification, our payment of such indemnity could have a material adverse impact upon our business and results of operations.

Our manager can resign on 120 days’ notice and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as the market price of our shares.

Our manager has the right, under the management services agreement, to resign at any time on 120 days written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. If our manager resigns, we may not be able to contract with a new manager or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 120 days, or at all, in which case our operations are likely to experience a disruption, our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as our ability to pay distributions are likely to be materially adversely affected and the market price of our shares may decline. In addition, the coordination of our internal management, acquisition activities and supervision of our business is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the experience and expertise possessed by our manager and its affiliates. Even if we are able to retain comparable management, whether internal or external, the integration of such management and their lack of familiarity with our businesses may result in additional costs and time delays that could materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations as well as the market price of our shares.

The amount recorded for the allocation shares may be subject to substantial period-to-period changes, thereby significantly adversely impacting our results of operations.

Our company will record the allocation shares at the redemption value at each balance sheet date by recording any change in fair value through its income statement as a dividend between net income and net income available to common shareholders. The redemption value of the allocation shares is largely related to the value of the profit allocation that our manager, as holder of the allocation shares, will receive. The redemption value of the allocation shares may fluctuate on a period-to-period basis based on the distributions we pay to our common shareholders, the earnings of our businesses and the price of our common shares, which fluctuation may be significant, and could cause a material adverse effect on our company’s results of operations. See “The Manager — Our Manager as an Equity Holder” for more information about the terms and calculation of the profit allocation and any payments under the supplemental put provisions of our operating agreement.

We cannot determine the amount of management fee that will be paid to our manager over time with certainty, which management fee may be a significant cash obligation of our company and may reduce the cash available for operations and distributions to our shareholders.

Our manager’s management fee will be calculated by reference to our company’s adjusted net assets, which will be impacted by the following factors:

• the acquisition or disposition of businesses by our company;

• organic growth, add-on acquisitions and dispositions by our businesses; and

• the performance of our businesses.

We cannot predict these factors, which may cause significant fluctuations in our adjusted net assets and, in turn, impact the management fee we pay to our manager. Accordingly, we cannot determine the amount of management fee that will be paid to our manager over time with any certainty, which management fee may represent a significant cash obligation of our company and may reduce the cash available for our operations and distributions to our shareholders.

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We must pay our manager the management fee regardless of our performance. Therefore, our manager may be induced to increase the amount of our assets rather than the performance of our businesses.

Our manager is entitled to receive a management fee that is based on our adjusted net assets, as defined in the management services agreement, regardless of the performance of our businesses. In this respect, the calculation of the management fee is unrelated to our company’s net income. As a result, the management fee may encourage our manager to increase the amount of our assets by, for example, recommending to our board of directors the acquisition of additional assets, rather than increase the performance of our businesses. In addition, payment of the management fee may reduce or eliminate the cash we have available for distributions to our shareholders.

The management fee is based solely upon our adjusted net assets; therefore, if in a given year our performance declines, but our adjusted net assets remain the same or increase, the management fee we pay to our manager for such year will increase as a percentage of our net income and may reduce the cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

The management fee we pay to our manager will be calculated solely by reference to our company’s adjusted net assets. If in a given year the performance of our company declines, but our adjusted net assets remain the same or increase, the management fee we pay to our manager for such year will increase as a percentage of our net income and may reduce the cash available for distributions to our shareholders. See “The Manager — Our Manager as a Service Provider — Management Fee” for more information about the terms and calculation of the management fee.

The amount of profit allocation to be paid to our manager could be substantial. However, we cannot determine the amount of profit allocation that will be paid over time or the put price with any certainty.

We cannot determine the amount of profit allocation that will be paid over time or the put price with any certainty. Such determination would be dependent on, among other things, the number, type and size of the acquisitions and dispositions that we make in the future, the distributions we pay to our shareholders, the earnings of our businesses and the market value of common shares from time to time, factors that cannot be predicted with any certainty at this time. Such factors will have a significant impact on the amount of any profit allocation to be paid to our manager, especially if our share price significantly increases. See “The Manager — Our Manager as an Equity Holder — Manager’s Profit Allocation” for more information about the calculation and payment of profit allocation. Any amounts paid in respect of the profit allocation are unrelated to the management fee earned for performance of services under the management services agreement.

The management fee and profit allocation to be paid to our manager may significantly reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to shareholders and for operations.

Under the management services agreement, our company will be obligated to pay a management fee to and, subject to certain conditions, reimburse the costs and out-of-pocket expenses of our manager incurred on behalf of our company in connection with the provision of services to our company. Similarly, our businesses will be obligated to pay fees to and reimburse the costs and expenses of our manager pursuant to any offsetting management services agreements entered into between our manager and our businesses, or any transaction services agreements to which such businesses are a party. In addition, our manager, as holder of the allocation shares, will be entitled to receive a profit allocation upon satisfaction of applicable conditions to payment and may be entitled to receive the put price upon the occurrence of certain events. While we cannot quantify with any certainty the actual amount of any such payments in the future, we do expect that such amounts could be substantial. See “The Manager” for more information about these payment obligations of our company. The management fee, put price and profit allocation will be payment obligations of our company and, as a result, will be senior in right to the payment of any distributions to our shareholders. Likewise, the profit allocation may also significantly reduce the cash available for operations.

Our manager’s influence on conducting our business and operations, including acquisitions, gives it the ability to increase its fees and compensation to our Chief Executive Officer, which may reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

Under the terms of the management services agreement, our manager is paid a management fee calculated as a percentage of our company’s adjusted net assets for certain items and is unrelated to net income or any other performance base or measure. See Item “Business — Our Manager — Our Manager as a Service Provider — Management Fee” for more

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information about the calculation of the management fee. Our manager, which Ellery W. Roberts, our Chief Executive Officer, controls, may advise us to consummate transactions, incur third-party debt or conduct our operations in a manner that may increase the amount of fees paid to our manager which, in turn, may result in higher compensation to Mr. Roberts because his compensation is paid by our manager from the management fee it receives from our company.

Fees paid by our company and our businesses pursuant to transaction services agreements do not offset fees payable under the management services agreement and will be in addition to the management fee payable by our company under the management services agreement.

The management services agreement provides that businesses that we may acquire in the future may enter into transaction services agreements with our manager pursuant to which our businesses will pay fees to our manager. See “The Manager — Our Manager as a Service Provider” for more information about these agreements. Unlike fees paid under the offsetting management services agreements, fees that are paid pursuant to such transaction services agreements will not reduce the management fee payable by our company. Therefore, such fees will be in addition to the management fee payable by our company or offsetting management fees paid by businesses that we may acquire in the future.

The fees to be paid to our manager pursuant to these transaction service agreements will be paid prior to any principal, interest or dividend payments to be paid to our company by our businesses, which will reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

Our manager’s profit allocation may induce it to make decisions and recommend actions to our board of directors that are not optimal for our business and operations.

Our manager, as holder of all of the allocation shares in our company, will receive a profit allocation based on the extent to which gains from any sales of our subsidiaries plus their net income since the time they were acquired exceed a certain annualized hurdle rate. As a result, our manager may be encouraged to make decisions or to make recommendations to our board of directors regarding our business and operations, the business and operations of our businesses, acquisitions or dispositions by us or our businesses and distributions to our shareholders, any of which factors could affect the calculation and payment of profit allocation, but which may otherwise be detrimental to our long-term financial condition and performance.

The obligations to pay the management fee and profit allocation, including the put price, may cause our company to liquidate assets or incur debt.

If we do not have sufficient liquid assets to pay the management fee and profit allocation, including the put price, when such payments are due and payable, we may be required to liquidate assets or incur debt in order to make such payments. This circumstance could materially adversely affect our liquidity and ability to make distributions to our shareholders. See “Our Manager” for more information about these payment obligations of our company.

Risks Related to Taxation

Our shareholders will be subject to taxation on their share of our company’s taxable income, whether or not they receive cash distributions from our company.

Our company is a limited liability company and will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Consequently, our shareholders will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation and, possibly, state, local and foreign income taxation on their share of our company’s taxable income, whether or not they receive cash distributions from our company. There is, accordingly, a risk that our shareholders may not receive cash distributions equal to their portion of our company’s taxable income or even in an amount sufficient to satisfy the tax liability that results from that income. This risk is attributable to a number of variables, such as results of operations, unknown liabilities, government regulations, financial covenants relating to the debt of our company, funds needed for future acquisitions and/or to satisfy short- and long-term working capital needs of our businesses, and the discretion and authority of our company’s board of directors to make distributions or modify our distribution policy.

As a partnership, our company itself will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax (except as may be imposed under certain recently enacted partnership audit rules), although it will file an annual partnership information return with the IRS. The information return will report the results of our company’s activities and will contain a Schedule K-1 for

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each company shareholder reflecting allocations of profits or losses (and items thereof) to members of our company, that is, to the shareholders. Each partner of a partnership is required to report on his or her income tax return his or her share of items of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, and other items of the partnership (in each case, as reflected on such Schedule K-1) without regard to whether cash distributions are received. Each holder will be required to report on his or her tax return his or her allocable share of company income, gain, loss, deduction, credit and other items for our company’s taxable year that ends with or within the holder’s taxable year. Thus, holders of common shares will be required to report taxable income (and thus be subject to significant income tax liability) without a corresponding current receipt of cash if our company were to recognize taxable income and not make cash distributions to the shareholders.

Generally, the determination of a holder’s distributive share of any item of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of a partnership is governed by the operating agreement. The income tax laws governing the allocation of company income, gains, losses, deductions or credits set forth in a particular Schedule K-1 are complex and there can be no assurance that the IRS would not successfully challenge any allocation set forth in any such Schedule K-1. Whether an allocation set forth in any particular K-1 issued to a shareholder will be accepted by the IRS depends on a facts and circumstances analysis of the underlying economic arrangement of our company’s shareholders. If the IRS were to prevail in challenging the allocations provided by the operating agreement, the amount of income or loss allocated to holders for U.S. federal income tax purposes could be increased or reduced or the character of the income or loss could be modified. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for more information.

All of our company’s income could be subject to an entity-level tax in the United States, which could result in a material reduction in cash flow available for distribution to shareholders and thus could result in a substantial reduction in the value our shares.

Based on the number of shareholders we have and because our shares are listed for trading on the over-the-counter market, we believe that our company will be regarded as a publicly-traded partnership. Under the federal tax laws, a publicly-traded partnership generally will be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A publicly-traded partnership will be treated as a partnership, however, and not as a corporation, for U.S. federal tax purposes, so long as 90% or more of its gross income for each taxable year in which it is publicly traded constitutes “qualifying income” within the meaning of section 7704(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, and our company is not required to register under the Investment Company Act. Qualifying income generally includes dividends, interest (other than interest derived in the conduct of a lending or insurance business or interest the determination of which depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person), certain real property rents, certain gain from the sale or other disposition of real property, gains from the sale of stock or debt instruments which are held as capital assets, and certain other forms of “passive-type” income. Our company expects to realize sufficient qualifying income to satisfy the qualifying income exception. Our company also expects that we will not be required to register under the Investment Company Act.

In certain cases, income that would otherwise qualify for the qualifying income exception may not so qualify if it is considered to be derived from an active conduct of a business. For example, the IRS may assert that interest received by our company from its subsidiaries is not qualifying income because it is derived in the conduct of a lending business. If our company fails to satisfy the qualifying income exception or is required to register under the Investment Company Act, our company will be classified as a corporation for U.S. federal (and certain state and local) income tax purposes, and shareholders of our company would be treated as shareholders in a domestic corporation. Our company would be required to pay federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its income. In addition, our company would likely be liable for state and local income and/or franchise taxes on its income. Distributions to the shareholders would constitute ordinary dividend income (taxable at then existing ordinary income rates) or, in certain cases, qualified dividend income (which is generally subject to tax at reduced tax rates) to such holders to the extent of our company’s earnings and profits, and the payment of these dividends would not be deductible to our company. Taxation of our company as a corporation could result in a material reduction in distributions to our shareholders and after-tax return and, thus, would likely result in a substantial reduction in the value of, or materially adversely affect the market price of, our shares.

The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in our shares may be modified by administrative, legislative, or judicial interpretation at any time, and any such action may affect investments previously made. For example, changes to the U.S. federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could make it more difficult or impossible

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to meet the qualifying income exception for our company to be classified as a partnership, and not as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, necessitate that our company restructure its investments, or otherwise adversely affect an investment in our shares.

In addition, our company may become subject to an entity level tax in one or more states. Several states are evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity level taxation through the imposition of state income, franchise, or other forms of taxation. If any state were to impose a tax upon our company as an entity, our distributions to you would be reduced.

Complying with certain tax-related requirements may cause our company to forego otherwise attractive business or investment opportunities or enter into acquisitions, borrowings, financings, or arrangements our company may not have otherwise entered into.

In order for our company to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation, our company must meet the qualifying income exception discussed above on a continuing basis and our company must not be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. In order to effect such treatment, our company may be required to invest through foreign or domestic corporations, forego attractive business or investment opportunities or enter into borrowings or financings our company (o any of our subsidiaries, as the case may be) may not have otherwise entered into. This may adversely affect our ability to operate solely to maximize our cash flow. In addition, our company may not be able to participate in certain corporate reorganization transactions that would be tax free to our shareholders if our company were a corporation.

Non-corporate investors who are U.S. taxpayers will not be able to deduct certain fees, costs or other expenses for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Our company will pay a management fee (and possibly certain transaction fees) to our manager. Our company will also pay certain costs and expenses incurred in connection with activities of our manager. Our company intends to deduct such fees and expenses to the extent that they are reasonable in amount and are not capital in nature or otherwise nondeductible. It is expected that such fees and other expenses will generally constitute miscellaneous itemized deductions for non-corporate U.S. taxpayers who hold our shares. Under current law that is in effect for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, non-corporate U.S. taxpayers may not deduct any such miscellaneous itemized deductions for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A non-corporate U.S. taxpayer’s inability to deduct such items could result in such holder reporting as his or her share of company taxable income an amount that exceeds any cash actually distributed to such U.S. taxpayer for the year. Corporate U.S. holders of our shares generally will be able to deduct these fees, costs and expenses in accordance with applicable U.S. federal income tax law.

A portion of the income arising from an investment in our shares may be treated as unrelated business taxable income and taxable to certain tax-exempt holders despite such holders’ tax-exempt status.

Our company expects to incur debt that would be treated as “acquisition indebtedness” under section 514 of the Code with respect to certain of its investments. To the extent our company recognizes income from any investment with respect to which there is “acquisition indebtedness” during a taxable year, or to the extent our company recognizes gain from the disposition of any investment with respect to which there is “acquisition indebtedness,” a portion of the income received will be treated as unrelated business taxable income and taxable to tax-exempt investors. In addition, if the IRS successfully asserts that we are engaged in a trade or business for U.S. federal income tax purposes (for example, if it determines we are engaged in a lending business), then tax-exempt and in certain cases non-U.S. holders would be subject to U.S. income tax on any income generated by such business. The foregoing only applies if the amount of such business income does not cause our company to fail to meet the qualifying income test (which would happen if such income exceeded 10% of our gross income, and in which case such failure would cause us to be taxable as a corporation).

A portion of the income arising from an investment in our shares may be treated as income that is effectively connected with our conduct of a U.S. trade or business, which income would be taxable to holders who are not U.S. taxpayers.

If the IRS successfully asserts that we are engaged in a trade or business in the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes (for example, if it determines we are engaged in a lending business), then in certain cases non-U.S.

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holders would be subject to U.S. income tax on any income that is effectively connected with such business. It could also cause the non-U.S. holder to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a sale of his or her interest in our company under recently enacted tax law. The foregoing only applies if the amount of such business income does not cause our company to fail to meet the qualifying income test (which would happen if such income exceeded 10% of our gross income, and in which case such failure would cause us to be taxable as a corporation).

Risks related to recently enacted legislation.

The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. No assurance can be given as to whether, when or in what form the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to us and our shareholders may be enacted. Changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations of U.S. federal income tax laws could adversely affect an investment in our shares.

We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be issued, nor is the long-term impact of recently enacted tax legislation clear. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws on an investment in our shares.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Shares

Our common shares are quoted on the OTCQB Market, which may have an unfavorable impact on our share price and liquidity.

Our common shares are quoted on the OTCQB Market operated by OTC Markets Group Inc.

The OTCQB Market is a significantly more limited market than the New York Stock Exchange or The Nasdaq Stock Market. The quotation of our shares on the OTCQB Market may result in a less liquid market available for existing and potential shareholders to trade our common shares, could depress the trading price of our common shares and could have a long-term adverse impact on our ability to raise capital in the future.

The market price, trading volume and marketability of our common shares may, from time to time, be significantly affected by numerous factors beyond our control, which may materially adversely affect the market price of your common shares, the marketability of your common shares and our ability to raise capital through future equity financings.

The market price and trading volume of our common shares may fluctuate significantly. Many factors that are beyond our control may materially adversely affect the market price of your common shares, the marketability of your common shares and our ability to raise capital through equity financings. These factors include the following

• actual or anticipated variations in our periodic operating results;

• increases in market interest rates that lead investors of our common shares to demand a higher investment return;

• changes in earnings estimates;

• changes in market valuations of similar companies;

• actions or announcements by our competitors;

• adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we may incur in the future;

• additions or departures of key personnel;

• actions by shareholders; and

• speculation in the media, online forums, or investment community.

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An active, liquid trading market for our common shares may not be sustained, which may cause our common shares to trade at a discount from the public offering price and make it difficult for you to sell the common shares you purchase.

We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us will sustain a trading market or how active and liquid that market may remain. If an active and liquid trading market is not sustained, you may have difficulty selling any of our common shares that you purchase at a price above the price you purchase it or at all. The failure of an active and liquid trading market to continue would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of our common shares. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital to continue to fund operations by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies by using our shares as consideration.

The number of shares being registered for sale is significant in relation to our trading volume.

All of the shares registered for sale on behalf of the selling shareholders are “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. We have filed this registration statement to register these restricted shares for sale into the public market by the selling shareholders. These restricted securities, if sold in the market all at once or at about the same time, could depress the market price during the period the registration statement remains effective and also could affect our ability to raise equity capital. Any outstanding shares not sold by the selling shareholders pursuant to this prospectus will remain as “restricted shares” in the hands of the holders, except for those sales that satisfy the requirements under Rule 144 or another exemption to the registration requirements under the Securities Act.

Future sales of common shares may affect the market price of our common shares.

We cannot predict what effect, if any, future sales of our common shares, or the availability of common shares for future sale, will have on the market price of our common shares. Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares and may make it more difficult for you to sell your common shares at a time and price which you deem appropriate.

Rule 144 sales in the future may have a depressive effect on our share price.

All of the outstanding common shares held by the present officers, directors, and affiliate shareholders are “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. As restricted shares, these shares may be resold only pursuant to an effective registration statement or under the requirements of Rule 144 or other applicable exemptions from registration under the Securities Act and as required under applicable state securities laws. Rule 144 provides in essence that a person who is an affiliate or officer or director who has held restricted securities for six months may, under certain conditions, sell every three months, in brokerage transactions, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1.0% of a company’s outstanding common shares. There is no limitation on the amount of restricted securities that may be sold by a non-affiliate after the owner has held the restricted securities for a period of six months if our company is a current, reporting company under the Exchange Act. A sale under Rule 144 or under any other exemption from the Securities Act, if available, or pursuant to subsequent registration of common shares of present shareholders, may have a depressive effect upon the price of the common shares in any market that may develop.

Our series A senior convertible preferred shares are senior to our common shares as to distributions and in liquidation, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our common shareholders.

Holders of our series A senior convertible preferred shares are entitled to quarterly dividends, payable in cash or in common shares, at a rate per annum of 14.0% of the stated value of $2.00 per share (subject to adjustment). In addition, upon any liquidation of our company or its subsidiaries, each holder of outstanding series A senior convertible preferred shares will be entitled to receive an amount of cash equal to 115% of the stated value of $2.00 per share, plus an amount of cash equal to all accumulated accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (whether or not declared), before any payment shall be made to or set apart for the holders of our common shares. This could limit our ability to make regular distributions to our common shareholders or distributions upon liquidation.

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We may issue additional debt and equity securities, which are senior to our common shares as to distributions and in liquidation, which could materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by entering into additional debt or debt-like financing that is secured by all or up to all of our assets, or issuing debt or equity securities, which could include issuances of commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior notes, subordinated notes or shares. In the event of our liquidation, our lenders and holders of our debt securities would receive a distribution of our available assets before distributions to our shareholders.

Any additional preferred securities, if issued by our company, may have a preference with respect to distributions and upon liquidation, which could further limit our ability to make distributions to our common shareholders. Because our decision to incur debt and issue securities in our future offerings will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings and debt financing.

Further, market conditions could require us to accept less favorable terms for the issuance of our securities in the future. Thus, you will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the value of your common shares and diluting your interest in us. In addition, we can change our leverage strategy from time to time without approval of holders of our common shares, which could materially adversely affect the market share price of our common shares.

Our potential future earnings and cash distributions to our shareholders may affect the market price of our common shares.

Generally, the market price of our common shares may be based, in part, on the market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future cash distributions, whether from operations, sales, acquisitions or refinancings, and on the value of our businesses. For that reason, our common shares may trade at prices that are higher or lower than our net asset value per share. Should we retain operating cash flow for investment purposes or working capital reserves instead of distributing the cash flows to our shareholders, the retained funds, while increasing the value of our underlying assets, may materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares. Our failure to meet market expectations with respect to earnings and cash distributions and our failure to make such distributions, for any reason whatsoever, could materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

Were our common shares to be considered penny stock, and therefore become subject to the penny stock rules, U.S. broker-dealers may be discouraged from effecting transactions in our common shares.

Our common shares may be subject to the penny stock rules under the Exchange Act. These rules regulate broker-dealer practices for transactions in “penny stocks.” Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 per share. The penny stock rules require broker-dealers that derive more than 5% of their customer transaction revenues from transactions in penny stocks to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks, and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market, to any non-institutional customer to whom the broker-dealer recommends a penny stock transaction. The broker-dealer must also provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The bid and offer quotations and the broker-dealer and salesperson compensation information must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to completing the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer’s confirmation. In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction, the broker and/or dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. The transaction costs associated with penny stocks are high, reducing the number of broker-dealers who may be willing to engage in the trading of our shares. These additional penny stock disclosure requirements are burdensome and may reduce all the trading activity in the market for our common shares. As long as our common shares are subject to the penny stock rules, holders of our common shares may find it more difficult to sell their common shares.

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Holders of our common shares may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under our operating agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiffs in any such action.

Our operating agreement governing our common shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, holders of our common shares waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us arising out of or relating to our operating agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.

If we opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of Delaware, which govern our operating agreement, by a federal or state court in the State of Delaware, which has non-exclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the operating agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to our operating agreement. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before entering into the operating agreement.

If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of our common shares bring a claim against us in connection with matters arising under our operating agreement, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us. If a lawsuit is brought against us under our operating agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiffs in any such action.

Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the operating agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the operating agreement serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of our common shares or by us of compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in, but not limited to, the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

• our ability to effectively integrate and operate the businesses that we acquire;

• our ability to successfully identify and acquire additional businesses;

• our organizational structure, which may limit our ability to meet our dividend and distribution policy;

• our ability to service and comply with the terms of indebtedness;

• our cash flow available for distribution and our ability to make distributions to our common shareholders;

• our ability to pay the management fee, profit allocation and put price to our manager when due;

• labor disputes, strikes or other employee disputes or grievances;

• the regulatory environment in which our businesses operate under;

• trends in the industries in which our businesses operate;

• the competitive environment in which our businesses operate;

• changes in general economic or business conditions or economic or demographic trends in the United States including changes in interest rates and inflation;

• our and our manager’s ability to retain or replace qualified employees of our businesses and our manager;

• casualties, condemnation or catastrophic failures with respect to any of our business’ facilities;

• costs and effects of legal and administrative proceedings, settlements, investigations and claims; and

• extraordinary or force majeure events affecting the business or operations of our businesses.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “could,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “project” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could materially affect results. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and

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our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common shares by the selling shareholders.

The selling shareholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by them for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by them in disposing of the shares. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our accountants.

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DIVIDEND AND DISTRIBUTION POLICY

Holders of our series A senior convertible preferred shares are entitled to dividends at a rate per annum of 14.0% of the stated value of $2.00 per share (subject to adjustment). Dividends shall accrue from day to day, whether or not declared, and shall be cumulative. Dividends shall be payable quarterly in arrears on each dividend payment date in cash or common shares at our discretion. Dividends payable in common shares shall be calculated based on a price equal to eighty percent (80%) of the volume weighted average price for the common shares on our principal trading market during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the applicable dividend payment date; provided that if our common shares are not registered any dividends payable in common shares shall be calculated based upon the fixed price of $1.57; and provided further that we may only elect to pay dividends in common shares based upon such fixed price if the volume weighted average price for the common shares on our principal trading market during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the applicable dividend payment date is $1.57 or higher.

We intend to pursue a policy of making regular monthly distributions on our outstanding common shares, subject to our operating subsidiaries generating sufficient cash flow to support such regular cash distributions. Our distribution policy will be based on the liquidity and capital of our businesses and on our intention to pay out as distributions to our shareholders most of the cash resulting from the ordinary operation of the businesses, and not to retain significant cash balances in excess of what is prudent for our company or our businesses, or as may be prudent for the consummation of attractive acquisition opportunities. If our strategy is successful, we expect to maintain and increase the level of monthly distributions to common shareholders in the future.

The declaration and payment of any monthly distribution to our common shareholders will be subject to the approval of our board of directors. Our board of directors will take into account such matters as general business conditions, our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and any contractual, legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of distributions by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and any other factors that the board of directors deems relevant. However, even if our board of directors were to decide to declare and pay distributions, our ability to pay such distributions may be adversely impacted due to unknown liabilities, government regulations, financial covenants of the debt of our company, funds needed for acquisitions and to satisfy short- and long-term working capital needs of our businesses, or if our operating subsidiaries do not generate sufficient earnings and cash flow to support the payment of such distributions. In particular, we may incur debt in the future to acquire new businesses, which debt will have substantial debt commitments, which must be satisfied before we can make distributions. These factors could affect our ability to continue to make monthly distributions to our common shareholders.

We may use cash flow from our operating subsidiaries, capital resources of our company, including borrowings under any third-party credit facilities that we establish, or reduction in equity to pay a distribution. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for more information about the tax treatment of distributions to our shareholders.

On October 23, 2020, we completed a distribution of all shares of the common stock of 1847 Goedeker that we held to our shareholders. Our common shareholders received 2,660,007 shares, which were distributed on a pro rata basis, and our manager, as the holder of all of our allocation shares, received 664,993 shares, which it then distributed to its members.

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MARKET PRICE OF COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS

Market Information

Our common shares are eligible for quotation on the OTCQB market under the symbol “EFSH.”

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices of our common shares. These prices reflect inter-dealer prices, without retain mark-up or commission, and may not represent actual transactions.

	Closing Prices
	High		Low
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019
1st Quarter	$	2.75	$	2.75
2nd Quarter		2.75		2.00
3rd Quarter		2.00		2.00
4th Quarter		2.00		1.50

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020
1st Quarter		2.75		1.01
2nd Quarter		3.40		0.80
3rd Quarter		6.90		1.81
4th Quarter		5.30		1.32

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021
1st Quarter		2.50		1.05
2nd Quarter		2.40		1.51
3rd Quarter (through September 28, 2021)		2.40		1.66

Number of Holders of our Common Shares

As of the date of this prospectus, there were approximately 58 shareholders of record of our common shares. In computing the number of holders of record of our common shares, each broker-dealer and clearing corporation holding shares on behalf of its customers is counted as a single shareholder.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

As of December 31, 2020, we did not have in effect any compensation plans under which our equity securities were authorized for issuance and we did not have any outstanding share options.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

On May 28, 2020, our subsidiary 1847 Asien acquired Asien’s, which has been in business since 1948 serving the North Bay area of Sonoma County, California. It provides a wide variety of appliance services, including sales, delivery/installation, in-home service and repair, extended warranties, and financing. Its main focus is delivering personal sales and exceptional service to its customers at competitive prices.

On September 30, 2020, our subsidiary 1847 Cabinet acquired Kyle’s, a leading custom cabinetry maker servicing contractors and homeowners since 1976 in Boise, Idaho and the surrounding area. Kyle’s focuses on designing, building, and installing custom cabinetry primarily for custom and semi-custom builders.

On March 30, 2021, our subsidiary 1847 Wolo acquired Wolo. Headquartered in Deer Park, New York and founded in 1965, Wolo designs and manufactures horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle and industrial equipment), and offers vehicle emergency and safety warning lights for cars, trucks, industrial equipment and emergency vehicles.

Our first acquisition was on March 3, 2017, pursuant to which our subsidiary 1847 Neese acquired Neese, a business specializing in providing a wide range of land application services and selling equipment and parts in Grand Junction, Iowa. On April 19, 2021, we sold 1847 Neese back to the original sellers.

On April 5, 2019, our subsidiary 1847 Goedeker acquired substantially all of the assets of Goedeker Television, a one-stop e-commerce destination for home furnishings, including appliances, furniture, home goods and related products. On October 23, 2020, we distributed all of the shares of 1847 Goedeker that we held to our shareholders, so we no longer own 1847 Goedeker.

We seek to acquire controlling interests in small businesses that we believe operate in industries with long-term macroeconomic growth opportunities, and that have positive and stable earnings and cash flows, face minimal threats of technological or competitive obsolescence and have strong management teams largely in place. We believe that private company operators and corporate parents looking to sell their businesses will consider us to be an attractive purchaser of their businesses. We make these businesses our majority-owned subsidiaries and actively manage and grow such businesses. We expect to improve our businesses over the long term through organic growth opportunities, add-on acquisitions and operational improvements.

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Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic

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Management Fees

On April 15, 2013, we and our manager entered into a management services agreement, pursuant to which we are required to pay our manager a quarterly management fee equal to 0.5% of our adjusted net assets for services performed (which we refer to as the parent management fee). The amount of the parent management fee with respect to any fiscal quarter is (i) reduced by the aggregate amount of any management fees received by our manager under any offsetting management services agreements with respect to such fiscal quarter, (ii) reduced (or increased) by the amount of any over-paid (or under-paid) parent management fees received by (or owed to) our manager as of the end of such fiscal quarter, and (iii) increased by the amount of any outstanding accrued and unpaid parent management fees. We did not expense any parent management fees for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 or the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

1847 Neese entered into an offsetting management services agreement with our manager on March 3, 2017, which is included in discontinued operations, 1847 Goedeker entered into an offsetting management services agreement with our manager on April 5, 2019, which is included in discontinued operations, 1847 Asien entered into an offsetting management services agreement with our manager on May 28, 2020, 1847 Cabinet entered into an offsetting management services agreement with our manager on August 21, 2020 and 1847 Wolo entered into an offsetting management services agreement with our manager on March 30, 2021. Pursuant to the offsetting management services agreements, 1847 Neese appointed our manager to provide certain services to it for a quarterly management fee equal to $62,500, 1847 Goedeker appointed our manager to provide certain services to it for a quarterly management fee equal to $62,500, 1847 Asien appointed our manager to provide certain services to it for a quarterly management fee equal to the greater of $75,000 or 2% of adjusted net assets (as defined in the management services agreement), 1847 Cabinet appointed our manager to provide certain services to it for a quarterly management fee equal to the greater of $75,000 or 2% of adjusted net assets (as defined in the management services agreement) and 1847 Wolo appointed our manager to provide certain services to it for a quarterly management fee equal to the greater of $75,000 or 2% of adjusted net assets (as defined in the management services agreement); provided, however, in each case that (i) pro rated payments shall be made in the first quarter and the last quarter of the term, (ii) if the aggregate amount of management fees paid or to be paid by such entities, together with all other management fees paid or to be paid to our manager under other offsetting management services agreements with respect to any fiscal year exceeds, or is expected to exceed, 9.5% of our gross income with respect to such fiscal year, then the management fee to be paid by such entities for any remaining fiscal quarters in such fiscal year shall be reduced, on a pro rata basis determined by reference to the other management fees to be paid to our manager under other offsetting management services agreements, until the aggregate amount of the management fee paid or to be paid by such entities, together with all other management fees paid or to be paid to our manager under other offsetting management services agreements with respect to such fiscal year, does not exceed 9.5% of our gross income with respect to such fiscal year, and (iii) if the aggregate amount the management fee paid or to be paid by such entities, together with all other management fees paid or to be paid to our manager under other offsetting management services agreements with respect to any fiscal quarter exceeds, or is expected to exceed, the parent management fee with respect to such fiscal quarter, then the management fee to be paid by such entities for such fiscal quarter shall be reduced, on a pro rata basis, until the aggregate amount of the management fee paid or to be paid by such entities, together with all other management fees paid or to be paid to our manager under other offsetting management services agreements with respect to such fiscal quarter, does not exceed the parent management fee calculated and payable with respect to such fiscal quarter.

Each of these entities shall also reimburse our manager for all of their costs and expenses which are specifically approved by their board of directors, including all out-of-pocket costs and expenses, which are actually incurred by our manager or its affiliates on behalf of these entities in connection with performing services under the offsetting management services agreements.

The rights of our manager to receive payments under the offsetting management services agreement with Wolo are subordinate to the rights of Sterling (as defined below) under separate a subordination agreement that our manager entered into with Sterling on March 30, 2021.

1847 Asien expensed management fees of $150,000 and $28,022 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $178,022 for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020

1847 Cabinet expensed management fees of $150,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and $75,000 for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020.

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1847 Wolo expensed $75,833 in management fees for the six months ended June 30, 2021. In conjunction with acquisition of Wolo, our manager also received a fee of $110,000.

On a consolidated basis, we expensed total management fees of $485,833 and $28,022 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $253,022 for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Segments

The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standard Codification, or ASC, Topic 280, Segment Reporting, requires that an enterprise report selected information about reportable segments in its financial reports issued to its shareholders. We have three reportable segments — the retail and appliances segment, which is operated by Asien’s, the construction segment, which is operated by Kyle’s, and the automotive supplies segment, which is operated by Wolo.

The retail and appliances segment is comprised of the business of Asien’s, which is based in Santa Rosa, California, and provides a wide variety of appliance services including sales, delivery, installation, service and repair, extended warranties, and financing.

The construction segment is comprised of the business of Kyle’s, which is based in Boise, Idaho, and provides a wide variety of construction services including custom design and build of kitchen and bathroom cabinetry, delivery, installation, service and repair, extended warranties, and financing.

The automotive supplies segment is comprised of the business of Wolo, which is based in Deer Park, NY, and designs and manufactures horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle and industrial equipment), and offers vehicle emergency and safety warning lights for cars, trucks, industrial equipment and emergency vehicles.

We provide general corporate services to our segments; however, these services are not considered when making operating decisions and assessing segment performance. These services are reported under “Corporate Services” below and these include costs associated with executive management, financing activities and public company compliance.

Discontinued Operations

On October 23, 2020, we distributed all of the shares of 1847 Goedeker that we held to our shareholders. As a result of this distribution, 1847 Goedeker is no longer a subsidiary of our company. All financial information of 1847 Goedeker previously presented as part of retail and appliance services operations are classified as discontinued operations and not presented as part of continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

On April 19, 2021, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with Alan Neese and Katherine Neese, pursuant to which they purchased our 55% ownership interest in 1847 Neese for a purchase price of $325,000 in cash. As a result of this transaction, 1847 Neese is no longer a subsidiary of our company. All financial information of 1847 Neese previously presented as part of land management services operations are classified as discontinued operations and not presented as part of continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

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Consolidated Results of Operations of 1847 Holdings

Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, both in dollars and as a percentage of our revenues.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021					2020
	Amount			% of Revenues		Amount			% of Revenues
Revenues
Furniture and appliances	$	6,616,984		57.9	%	$	1,185,980		100.00	%
Construction		2,830,877		24.8	%		—		—
Automotive supplies		1,980,368		17.3	%		—		—
Total revenues		11,428,229		100.0	%		1,185,980		100.00	%
Operating expenses
Cost of sales		7,775,471		68.0	%		923,892		77.9	%
Personnel costs		1,321,240		11.6	%		81,284		6.9	%
Depreciation and amortization		248,178		2.2	%		3,543		0.0	%
General and administrative		2,674,526		23.4	%		872,112		73.5	%
Total operating expenses		12,019,415		105.2	%		1,880,831		158.6	%
Net loss from operations		(591,186	)	(5.2	)%		(694,851	)	(58.6	)%
Other income (expense)
Financing costs		(6,068	)	(0.1	)%		(28,571	)	(2.4	)%
Gain of disposition of subsidiary		3,282,804		28.7	%		—		—
Gain on forgiveness of debt		360,302		3.2	%		—		—
Loss on adjustment shares		(757,792	)	(6.6	)%		—		—
Other expense		(3,539	)	—			—		—
Interest expense		(175,565	)	(1.5	)%		(6,837	)	(0.6	)%
Total other income (expense)		2,700,142		23.6	%		(35,408	)	(3.0	)%
Net loss before income taxes		2,108,956		18.5	%		(730,259	)	(61.6	)%
Income tax benefit		21,900		0.2	%		15,000		1.3	%
Net loss from continuing operations	$	2,130,856		18.6	%	$	(715,259	)	(60.3	)%

Total revenues. Our total revenues were $11,428,229 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $1,185,980 for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

The retail and appliances segment generates revenue through the sales of home furnishings, including appliances and related products. Revenues from the retail and appliances segment were $6,616,984 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $1,185,980 for the period from May 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020.

The construction segment generates revenue through the construction and sale of custom cabinetry, including kitchen and bath cabinets, fireplace mantels and surrounds, entertainment systems and wall units, bookcases and office cabinets. Revenues from the construction segment were $2,830,877 for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

The automotive supplies segment generates revenue through the design, manufacture and sale of horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle and industrial equipment), including vehicle emergency and safety warning lights for cars, trucks, industrial equipment and emergency vehicles. Revenues from the automotive supplies segment were $1,980,368 for the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021.

Cost of sales. Our total cost of sales was $7,775,471 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $923,892 for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Cost of sales for the retail and appliances segment consists of the cost of purchased merchandise plus the cost of delivering merchandise and where applicable installation, net of promotional rebates and other incentives received from vendors. Cost of sales for the retail and appliances segment was $5,109,250 for the six months ended June 30, 2021,

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as compared to $923,892 for the period from May 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020. As a percentage of retail and appliances revenues, cost of sales for the retail and appliances segment was 77.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 77.9% for the period from May 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020.

Cost of sales for the construction segment consists of lumber, hardware and materials and plus direct labor and related costs, net of any material discounts from vendors. Cost of sales for the construction segment was $1,474,496 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. As a percentage of construction revenues, cost of sales for the construction segment was 52.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Cost of sales for the automotive supplies segment consists of the costs of purchased finished goods plus freight and tariff costs. Cost of sales for the automotive supplies segment was $1,191,726 for the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021. As a percentage of automotive supplies revenues, cost of sales for the automotive supplies segment was 60.2% for the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021.

Personnel costs. Personnel costs include employee salaries and bonuses plus related payroll taxes. It also includes health insurance premiums, 401(k) contributions, and training costs. Our total personnel costs were $1,321,240 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $81,284 for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Personnel costs for the retail and appliances segment were $492,250 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $81,284 for the period from May 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020. As a percentage of retail and appliances revenue, personnel costs for the retail and appliances segment were 7.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 6.85% for the period from May 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020.

Personnel costs for the construction segment were $466,346 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. As a percentage of construction revenue, personnel costs for the construction segment were 16.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Personnel costs for the automotive supplies segment were $362,644 for the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021. As a percentage of automotive supplies revenue, personnel costs for the automotive supplies segment were 18.3% for the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021.

Depreciation and amortization. Our total depreciation and amortization expense was $248,179 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $3,543 for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of professional advisor fees, stock-based compensation, bad debts reserve, rent expense, advertising, bank fees, and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations. Our total general and administrative expenses were $2,674,526 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $872,112 for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

General and administrative expenses for the retail and appliances segment were $831,240 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $350,459 for the period from May 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020. As a percentage of retail and appliances revenue, general and administrative expenses for the retail and appliances segment were 12.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 29.6% for the period from May 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020.

General and administrative expenses for the construction segment were $449,273 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. As a percentage of construction revenue, general and administrative expenses for the construction segment were 15.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

General and administrative expenses for the automotive supplies segment were $896,586 for the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021. As a percentage of automotive supplies revenue, general and administrative expenses for the automotive supplies segment were 45.3% for the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021.

General and administrative expenses for our holding company decreased by $24,227, or 4.6%, to $497,426 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 from $521,653 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was due to a prior year stock compensation of $436,386 offset by an increase in professional fees compared to the prior year.

Total other income (expense). We had $2,700,142 in total other income, net, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to other expense, net, of $35,408 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Other income, net, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 consisted of a gain on disposition of subsidiary of $3,282,804, a loss on adjustment shares of $757,792 and interest expense of $175,565, offset by a gain on forgiveness of debt of $360,302, while total other expense, net, for the six months ended June 30, 2020 consisted of financing costs of $28,571 and interest expense of $6,838.

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Income tax benefit. We had an income tax benefit of $21,900 and $15,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Net income (loss) from continuing operations. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, our net income from continuing operations was $2,130,856 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to a net loss of $715,259 for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, both in dollars and as a percentage of our revenue.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020					2019
	Amount			% of Revenues		Amount			% of Revenues
Revenues
Services	$	3,379,655		21.9	%	$	4,201,414		65.9	%
Sales of parts and equipment		3,322,944		21.5	%		2,178,611		34.1	%
Construction		1,120,224		7.3	%		—		—
Furniture and appliances		7,625,222		49.4	%		—		—
Total revenues		15,448,045		100.0	%		6,380,025		100.0	%
Operating expenses
Cost of sales		9,406,228		60.9	%		1,830,067		28.7	%
Personnel costs		2,553,589		16.5	%		2,228,194		34.9	%
Depreciation and amortization		1,447,077		9.4	%		1,352,874		21.2	%
Fuel		378,115		2.4	%		718,495		11.3	%
General and administrative		4,185,442		27.1	%		1,569,149		24.6	%
Total operating expenses		17,970,451		116.6	%		7,698,7799		120.7	%
Net loss from operations		(2,522,406	)	(16.6	)%		(1,318,754	)	(20.7	)%
Other income (expense)
Financing costs		(205,075	)	(1.1	)%		(32,400	)	(0.5	)%
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(382,681	)	(2.5	)%		—		—
Interest expense		(460,559	)	(3.0	)%		(523,780	)	(8.2	)%
Other income/(expense)		(24,271	)	(0.2	)%		—		—
Gain (loss) on sale of property and equipment		130,749		0.8	%		57,603		0.9	%
Total other income (expense)		(941,837	)	(5.8	)%		(498,577	)	(7.8	)%
Net loss before income taxes		(3,464,243	)	(22.4	)%		(1,817,331	)	(28.5	)%
Income tax benefit		431,631		2.8	%		504,060		7.9	%
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(3,032,612	)	(19.6	)%	$	(1,313,271	)	(20.6	)%

Total revenues. Our total revenues were $15,448,045 for the year ended December 31, 2020, including $7,625,222 from Asien’s for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and $1,120,224 from Kyle’s for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, as compared to $6,380,025 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Revenues from the retail and appliances segment was $7,625,222 for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The following table summarizes our revenues by sales type for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020:

	May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020
Appliance sales	$	7,563,547
Other sales		61,675
Total revenues	$	7,625,222

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Revenues from the construction segment was $1,120,224 for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020.

The land management services segment, which was discontinued in April 2021, generated revenue through the provision of waste disposal and a variety of land application services, wholesaling of agricultural equipment and parts, local trucking services, various shop services, and sales of other products and services. Revenues from the land management segment increased by $322,574, or 5.1%, to $6,702,598 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $6,380,025 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Such increase resulted from a $1,144,333 increase in sales of parts and equipment, offset by a $821,759 decrease in services revenue. There was a $656,262 decline in trucking revenue, primarily attributable to COVID-19 related reduced demand for trucking services compared to 2019, including a decrease in waste hauling services revenue of $313,304.

The following table summarizes our revenues by type for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Services
Trucking	$	923,398	$	1,579,660
Waste hauling		1,588,010		1,901,314
Repairs		464,475		377,004
Other		403,772		343,436
Total services		3,379,655		4,201,414
Sales of parts and equipment		3,322,944		2,178,611
Total revenues	$	6,702,599	$	6,380,025

Cost of sales. Our total cost of sales was $9,406,228 for the year ended December 31, 2020, including $5,866,414 from Asien’s for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and $665,022 from Kyle’s for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, as compared to $1,830,067 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Cost of sales for the retail and appliances segment was $5,866,414 for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020. As a percentage of retail and appliances revenues, cost of sales for the retail and appliances segment was 76.9% for such period.

Cost of sales for the construction segment was $665,022 for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. As a percentage of construction revenues, cost of sales for the construction segment was 59.4% for such period.

Cost of sales for the land management services segment consisted of the direct costs of equipment and parts. Cost of sales for the land management segment increased by $1,037,795, or 56.7%, to $2,867,862 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $1,830,067 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Such increase was due to the sale of tractors, net of a decrease in waste hauling costs, in the year ended December 31, 2019. As a percentage of land management services revenue, cost of sales for land management services segment was 42.8% and 28.7% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Personnel costs. Our total personnel costs were $2,553,589 for the year ended December 31, 2020, including $525,346 from Asien’s for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and $209,521 from Kyle’s for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, as compared to $2,228,194 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Personnel costs for the retail and appliances segment were $525,346 for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020. As a percentage of retail and appliances revenue, personnel costs for the retail and appliances segment were 6.9% for such period.

Personnel costs for the construction segment were $209,521 for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. As a percentage of construction revenue, personnel costs for the construction segment were 18.7% for such period.

Personnel costs for the land management services segment decreased by $409,472, or 18.4%, to $1,818,722 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $2,228,194 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Such decrease was due to reduction of staff attributable to COVID-19 related reduced demand for trucking services. As a percentage of land management services revenue, personnel costs for the land management services segment were 27.3% and 34.9% and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Fuel costs. Fuel costs, which were attributable to our land management services segment, include fuel for our on-road trucking and off-road manure spreading services. Our fuel costs decreased by $340,380, or 47.3%, to $378,115 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $718,495 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in fuel costs is the result of a decline in market prices for fuel purchases and the decline in trucking services provided.

General and administrative expenses. Our total general and administrative expenses were $4,185,442 for the year ended December 31, 2020, including $1,362,169 from Asien’s for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and $254,630 from Kyle’s for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, as compared to our total general and administrative expenses of $1,569,149 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

General and administrative expenses for the retail and appliances segment was $1,362,169 for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020. As a percentage of retail and appliances revenue, general and administrative expenses for the retail and appliances segment was 17.9% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

General and administrative expenses for the construction segment was $394,167 for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. As a percentage of construction revenue, general and administrative expenses for the construction segment was 22.9% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

General and administrative expenses for the land management services segment increased by $125,303, or 8.9%, to $1,533,011 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $1,407,708 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase primarily resulted from an increase in general and administrative costs of $206,610, offset by a decrease in repair and maintenance of $76,104 and professional fees of $5,203. As a percentage of land management services revenue, general and administrative expenses for the land management services segment was 22.9% and 22.1% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

General and administrative expenses for our holding company increased by $734,654, or 455.0%, to $896,095 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $161,441 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was due to an increase in professional fees compared to the prior year and issuance of stock-based compensation in the current year of $523,936.

Total other income (expense). We had $941,837 in total other expense, net, for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to other expense, net, of $498,577 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Other expense, net, in the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted of financing costs of $205,075, loss on extinguishment of debt of $382,681, interest expense of $460,559 and other expense of $24,271, offset by a gain on sale of fixed assets of $130,749, while total other expense, net, for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of financing costs of $32,400 interest expense of $523,780, offset by a gain on sale of fixed assets of $57,603.

Income tax benefit. We had an income tax benefit of $431,631 and $504,060 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Net loss from continuing operations. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, our net loss from continuing operations was $3,032,612 for the year ended December 31, 2020, including $431,641 from Asien’s for the period from May 29, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and $380,499 from Kyle’s for the period from October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, as compared to a net loss of $1,313,271 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,477,524. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through revenue generated from operations, cash proceeds from financing activities, borrowings, and equity contributions by our shareholders.

Although we do not believe that we will require additional cash to continue our operations over the next twelve months, we do believe additional funds are required to execute our business plan and our strategy of acquiring additional

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businesses. The funds required to execute our business plan will depend on the size, capital structure and purchase price consideration that the seller of a target business deems acceptable in a given transaction. The amount of funds needed to execute our business plan also depends on what portion of the purchase price of a target business the seller of that business is willing to take in the form of seller notes or our equity or equity in one of our subsidiaries. Given these factors, we believe that the amount of outside additional capital necessary to execute our business plan on the low end (assuming target company sellers accept a significant portion of the purchase price in the form of seller notes or our equity or equity in one of our subsidiaries) ranges between $100,000 to $250,000. If, and to the extent, that sellers are unwilling to accept a significant portion of the purchase price in seller notes and equity, then the cash required to execute our business plan could be as much as $5,000,000. We will seek growth as funds become available from cash flow, borrowings, additional capital raised privately or publicly, or seller retained financing.

Our primary use of funds will be for future acquisitions, public company expenses including regular distributions to our shareholders, investments in future acquisitions, payments to our manager pursuant to the management services agreement, potential payment of profit allocation to our manager and potential put price to our manager in respect of the allocation shares it owns. The management fee, expenses, potential profit allocation and potential put price are paid before distributions to shareholders and may be significant and exceed the funds we hold, which may require us to dispose of assets or incur debt to fund such expenditures. “The Manager” for more information concerning the management fee, the profit allocation and put price.

The amount of management fee paid to our manager by us is reduced by the aggregate amount of any offsetting management fees, if any, received by our manager from any of our businesses. As a result, the management fee paid to our manager may fluctuate from quarter to quarter. The amount of management fee paid to our manager may represent a significant cash obligation. In this respect, the payment of the management fee will reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to shareholders.

Our manager, as holder of 100% of our allocation shares, is entitled to receive a twenty percent (20%) profit allocation as a form of preferred equity distribution, subject to an annual hurdle rate of eight percent (8%), as follows. Upon the sale of a subsidiary, our manager will be paid a profit allocation if the sum of (i) the excess of the gain on the sale of such subsidiary over a high water mark plus (ii) the subsidiary’s net income since its acquisition by our company exceeds the 8% hurdle rate. The 8% hurdle rate is the product of (i) a 2% rate per quarter, multiplied by (ii) the number of quarters such subsidiary was held by our company, multiplied by (iii) the subsidiary’s average share (determined based on gross assets, generally) of our consolidated net equity (determined according to GAAP with certain adjustments). In certain circumstances, after a subsidiary has been held for at least 5 years, our manager may also trigger a profit allocation with respect to such subsidiary (determined based solely on the subsidiary’s net income since its acquisition). The amount of profit allocation may represent a significant cash payment and is senior in right to payments of distributions to our shareholders. Therefore, the amount of profit allocation paid, when paid, will reduce the amount of cash available to us for our operating and investing activities, including future acquisitions. See “The Manager — Our Manager as an Equity Holder — Manager’s Profit Allocation” for more information on the calculation of the profit allocation.

Our operating agreement also contains a supplemental put provision, which gives our manager the right, subject to certain conditions, to cause us to purchase the allocation shares then owned by our manager upon termination of the management services agreement. The amount of put price under the supplemental put provision is determined by assuming all of our subsidiaries are sold at that time for their fair market value and then calculating the amount of profit allocation would be payable in such a case. If the management services agreement is terminated for any reason other than our manager’s resignation, the payment to our manager could be as much as twice the amount of such hypothetical profit allocation. As is the case with profit allocation, the calculation of the put price is complex and based on many factors that cannot be predicted with any certainty at this time. See “The Manager — Our Manager as an Equity Holder — Supplemental Put Provision” for more information on the calculation of the put price. The put price obligation, if our manager exercises its put right, will represent a significant cash payment and is senior in right to payments of distributions to our shareholders. Therefore, the amount of put price will reduce the amount of cash available to us for our operating and investing activities, including future acquisitions.

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Summary of Cash Flow

The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for the period indicated:

Cash Flow

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Years Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2020			2019
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations	$	(60,575	)	$	(352,718	)	$	789,305		$	782,760
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations		(5,339,252	)		1,268,285			1,183,932			(45,121	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from continuing operations		5,497,002			(305,151	)		(350,348	)		(897,229	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations		97,175			610,416			1,622,889			(159,590	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,380,349			—			174,290			333,880
Cash and cash equivalent at end of period	$	1,477,524		$	610,416		$	1,797,179		$	174,290

Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $60,575 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations of $352,718 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the net income from continuing operations of $2,263,078, an decrease in accounts receivable of $332,719, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $395,335, an increase in customer deposits of $373,505, non-cash depreciation and amortization of $248,179, and loss on adjustment shares of $757,792 in common stock issuances, offset by an increase in inventory of $408,159, an increase in prepaids and other costs of $207,471, a decrease in contract liabilities of $17,563, an increase in deferred tax of $40,000, non-cash forgiveness of debt of $360,302, a gain of disposition of subsidiary of $3,282,804 and gain on discontinued operations of $132,223, were the primary drivers of the net cash provided by operating activities. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the net loss from continuing operations of $4,924,432, an increase in deferred taxes of $15,000, an increase in inventory of $167,754, an increase in prepaids and other costs of $317,461, an decrease in customer deposits of $43,923, offset by stock compensation of $436,386, amortization of financing related costs of $28,571, a decrease in accounts receivable of $102,651, and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $421,282, were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities. were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities.

Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $789,305 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $782,760 for the year ended December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the net loss from continuing operations of $3,024,657, an increase in inventory of $635,003, an increase in prepaids and other costs of $533,745 and a decrease in uncertain tax position and deferred taxes of $146,800, offset by an decrease in accounts receivable of 352,490, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $941,199, an increase in customer deposits of $965,254, accrued expense long-term of $454,209, non-cash depreciation and amortization of $1,447,077, stock compensation of $523,936 and loss on extinguishment of debt of $382,681, were the primary drivers of the net cash provided by operating activities. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the net loss from continuing operations of $1,313,271, an increase in accounts receivable of $41,801, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $18,794, and a decrease in uncertain tax position and deferred taxes of $309,800, offset by, depreciation and amortization of $1,352,872, and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $452,432, accrued expense long-term of $453,923 and a decrease in inventory of $242,532, were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities.

Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $5,339,252 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations of $1,268,285 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 consisted of proceeds from the sale of Neese of $325,000, offset net cash paid for the acquisition of Wolo of $5,455,476 and by the purchase of equipment and vehicles of $208,776, while net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 consisted of net cash acquired from the acquisition of Asien’s of $1,268,285.

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Net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations was $1,183,932 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $45,121 for the year ended December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by investing activities consisted of net cash acquired from the acquisitions of Asien’s and Kyle’s of $1,409,936 and proceeds from sale of property and equipment of $209,500, offset by investments in certificates of deposits of $276,270 and the purchase of equipment of $159,234, while net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of proceeds from sale of property and equipment of $143,711, offset by the purchase of equipment in the amount of $188,832.

Net provided by financing activities from continuing operations was $5,497,002 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations of $305,151 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 consisted of net proceeds of $3,000,000 from the sale of units described below, proceeds from notes payable of $3,673,405, line of credit proceeds, net of repayments, of $745,228, offset by the payments to Wolo’s seller of $998,191 and to Kyle’s seller of $33,630, payments of preferred dividends of $365,658, repayments of notes payable of $358,922 and the payment of financing costs of $165,230. Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 consisted of repayment of notes payable of $661,899 and net repayments of the lines of credit of $93,197, offset by proceeds from term loans of $475,000

Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations was $350,348 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $897,229 for the year ended December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in financing activities consisted of the payment to Kyle’s seller of $4,356,162, net payments on notes payable of $1,512,684, repayments on capital lease obligations of $721,151, financing fees of $113,831, grid note payments of $62,500 and repayment of floor plan of $10,581, offset by net proceeds of $4,921,315 from the sale of units described below, proceeds of note payable of $969,697, proceeds from the line of credit of $301,081, proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants of $212,500 and proceeds from vehicle loans of $21,968, while net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of repayments on capital lease obligations of $524,058, net payments on notes payable of $304,052 and repayment of short term borrowings of $98,519, offset by proceeds of notes payable of $27,000.

Unit Offering

On March 26, 2021, we sold an aggregate of 1,818,182 units, at a price of $1.65 per unit, for aggregate gross proceeds of $3,000,000. Each unit consists of one (1) series A senior convertible preferred share and a three-year warrant to purchase one (1) common share at an exercise price of $2.50 per common share (subject to adjustment), which may be exercised on a cashless basis under certain circumstances. As described in further detail below, we contributed to 1847 Wolo the $3,000,000 raised in this offering in exchange for 1,000 shares of 1847 Wolo’s series A preferred stock, at a price of $3,000 per share, to fund, in part, the planned acquisition of Wolo by 1847 Wolo.

In exchange for the consent of the holders of our outstanding series A senior convertible preferred shares to the issuance of these units at a lower purchase price than such holders paid for their shares, we issued an aggregate of 398,838 common shares to such holders.

Subscription Agreement

On March 29, 2021, we entered into a subscription agreement with 1847 Wolo, pursuant to which 1847 Wolo issued to us 1,000 shares of its series A preferred stock, for gross proceeds to 1847 Wolo of $3,000,000. The series A preferred stock has no voting rights and is not convertible into the common stock or any other securities of 1847 Wolo. Dividends at the rate per annum of 16.0% of the stated value of $3,000 per share shall accrue on the series A preferred stock (subject to adjustment) and shall accrue from day to day, whether or not declared, and shall be cumulative. Accruing dividends are payable quarterly in arrears on each of the following dividend payment dates: January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 beginning on April 15, 2021. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of 1847 Wolo, before any payment shall be made to the holders of 1847 Wolo’s common stock, the series A preferred stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid out of the funds and assets available for distribution to 1847 Wolo’s stockholders an amount per share equal to the stated value of $3,000 per share, plus any accrued, but unpaid dividends.

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Intercompany Secured Promissory Note

In connection with the acquisition of Kyle’s, we provided 1847 Cabinet with the funds necessary to pay the cash portion of the purchase price and cover acquisition expenses. In connection therewith, on September 30, 2020, 1847 Cabinet issued a secured promissory note to our company in the principal amount of $4,525,000, which was amended and restated on December 11, 2020. Pursuant to such amendment and restatement, if and to the extent any amounts are owing under the units described above, due to a default or redemption, in addition to payment obligations due under the note, 1847 Cabinet is required to immediately make payments to us so that it may make any required payments in compliance with the terms of the units. The note bears interest at the rate of 16% per annum. The interest is cumulative and any unpaid accrued interest will compound on each anniversary date of the note. Interest is due and payable in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 commencing January 15, 2021. In the event payment of principal or interest due under the note is not made when due, giving effect to any grace period which may be applicable, or in the event of any other default (as defined in the note), the outstanding principal balance shall from the date of default immediately bear interest at the rate of 5% above the then applicable interest rate for so long as such default continues. We may demand payment in full of the note at any time, even if 1847 Cabinet has complied with all of the terms of the note; and the note shall be due in full, without demand, upon a third-party sale of all or substantially all the assets and business of 1847 Cabinet or a third-party sale or other disposition of any capital stock of 1847 Cabinet. 1847 Cabinet may prepay the note at any time without penalty. The note contains customary events of default, is guaranteed by Kyle’s and is secured by all of the assets of 1847 Cabinet and Kyle’s. The remaining principal balance of the note at June 30, 2021 was $4,885,129 and it has accrued interest of $194,870.

Debt

Grid Promissory Note

On January 3, 2018, we issued a grid promissory note to our manager in the initial principal amount of $50,000. The note provided that we could request additional advances from our manager up to an aggregate additional amount of $150,000. On December 7, 2020, parties amended and restated the note for a new principal amount of $56,900 and maturity date of December 7, 2021. Interest on the note accrues on the unpaid portion of the principal amount and the outstanding portion of all advances at a fixed rate of 8% per annum. If all or a portion of the principal amount or any advance under the note, or any interest payable thereon is not paid when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), such overdue amount shall bear interest at a rate of 12% per annum. In the event that we complete a financing that includes an uplisting of our common shares to a national exchange, then we must, contemporaneously with the closing of such financing transaction, repay the entire outstanding principal, outstanding advances, and accrued and unpaid interest on the note. The note is unsecured and contains customary events of default. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Manager has advanced $56,900 of the note and we have accrued interest of $27,447 and $25,159, respectively.

Revolving Loan — Arvest Bank

On July 10, 2020, Asien’s entered into a promissory note and security agreement with Arvest Bank for a revolving loan for up to $400,000. The loan matures on July 10, 2021 and bears interest at 5.25% per annum, subject to change in accordance with the Variable Rate (as defined in the promissory note and security agreement), the calculation for which is the U.S. Prime Rate plus 2%. Pursuant to the terms of the promissory note and security agreement, Asien’s is required to make monthly payments beginning on August 10, 2020 and until the maturity date, at which time all unpaid principal and interest will be due. Asien’s may prepay the loan in full or in part at any time without penalty. The promissory note and security agreement contains customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default for a loan of this type. The loan is secured by Asien’s inventory and equipment, accounts and other rights of payments, and general intangibles, as such terms are defined in the Uniform Commercial Code. The remaining principal balance of the note at June 30, 2021 was $100,000 and it has accrued interest of $2,564.

6% Amortizing Promissory Note

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accrued interest thereon, will be amortized on a two-year straight-line basis and is payable quarterly. The second-half (50%) of the outstanding principal amount of the note ($518,750) with all accrued, but unpaid interest thereon, is due on the second anniversary of the note. The note is unsecured and contains customary events of default. The remaining principal balance of the note at June 30, 2021 was $850,172 and it has accrued interest of $17,894.

4.5% Unsecured Promissory Note

On October 30, 2017, Asien’s entered into a stock repurchase agreement with Paul A. Gwilliam and Terri L. Gwilliam, co-trustees of the Gwilliam Family Trust, pursuant to which Asien’s issued an unsecured promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $540,000 for a term of 5 years. The note bears interest at the rate of the 4.25% per annum. The remaining balance of the note at June 30, 2021 was comprised of principal of $17,467.

Vesting Promissory Note

A portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of Kyle’s on September 30, 2020 was paid by the issuance of a vesting promissory note by 1847 Cabinet to Stephen Mallatt, Jr. and Rita Mallatt, or the Kyle’s Sellers, in the principal amount of $1,050,000, which increased to a principal amount of up to $1,260,000 pursuant to the vested percentage calculation described below. Payment of the principal and accrued interest on the note is subject to vesting as described below. The note bears interest on the vested portion of principal amount at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum. To the extent vested, the vested portion of the principal and all accrued but unpaid interest on such vested portion of the principal shall be paid in one lump sum on the last day of the thirty-sixth (36th) month following the date of the note.

6% Secured Promissory Note

A portion of the purchase price for Wolo was paid by the issuance of a 6% secured promissory note in the principal amount of $850,000 by 1847 Wolo to Barbara Solow and Stanley Solow, or the Wolo Sellers). Interest on the outstanding principal amount will be payable quarterly at the rate of six percent (6%) per annum. The note matures on the 39-month anniversary following the closing of the acquisition, at which time the outstanding principal amount of the note, along with all accrued, but unpaid interest, shall be paid in one lump sum. 1847 Wolo has the right to prepay all or any portion of the note at any time prior to the maturity date without premium or penalty of any kind. The note contains customary events of default and is secured by all of the assets of Wolo; provided that the rights of the Wolo Sellers under the note are subordinate to the rights of Sterling National Bank under the credit agreement described below. The remaining principal balance of the note at June 30, 2021 was $850,000 and it has accrued interest of $8,500.

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Credit Agreement and Notes

On March 30, 2021, 1847 Wolo and Wolo entered into a credit agreement with Sterling National Bank, or Sterling, for (i) revolving loans in an aggregate principal amount that will not exceed the lesser of the borrowing base (as defined below) or $1,000,000 and (ii) a term loan in the principal amount of $3,550,000. The revolving loan is evidenced by a revolving credit note and the term loan is evidenced by a $3,550,000 term note. The remaining principal balance of the revolving credit note at June 30, 2021 is $946,309 and it has accrued interest of 3,500. The remaining principal balance of the term note at June 30, 2021 was $3,311,039, comprised of principal of $3,462,500, net of debt discount of $151,461, and it has accrued interest of $18,034.

The “borrowing base” means an amount equal to the sum of the following: (A) 80% of eligible accounts (as defined in the credit agreement) PLUS (B) the lesser of: (1) 50% percent of eligible inventory (as defined in the credit agreement) or (2) $400,000.00, MINUS (C) such reserves as Sterling may establish from time to time in its sole discretion. Sterling has the right from time to time, in its sole discretion, to amend, substitute or modify the percentages set forth in the definition of borrowing base and the definition(s) of eligible accounts and eligible inventory.

The revolving note matures on March 29, 2022 and bears interest at a per annum rate equal to the greater of (i) the prime rate (as defined in the credit agreement) or (ii) 3.75%. The term note matures on April 1, 2024 and bears interest at a per annum rate equal to the greater of (x) the prime rate plus 3.00% or (y) 5.00%; provided that, upon an event of default, all loans, all past due interest and all fees shall bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the foregoing rate plus 5.00%. Interest accrued on the revolving note and the term note shall be payable on the first day of each month commencing on the first such day of the first month following the making of such revolving loan or term loan, as applicable.

With respect to the term loan, 1847 Wolo and Wolo must repay to Sterling on the first day of each month, (i) beginning on May 1, 2021 and ending on March 1, 2022, eleven (11) equal monthly principal payments of $43,750 each, (ii) beginning on April 1, 2022 and ending on March 1, 2024, twenty-four (24) equal monthly payments of $59,167 each and (iii) on April 1, 2024, a final principal payment in the amount of $1,648,742. In addition, beginning on June 1, 2022 and on each anniversary thereof thereafter until such time as the term loan is repaid in full, 1847 Wolo and Wolo must pay an additional principal payment equal to 50% of the excess cash flow (as defined in the credit agreement), if any. If Sterling has not received the full amount of any monthly payment on or before the date it is due (including as a result of funds not available to be automatically debited on the date on which any such payment is due), 1847 Wolo and Wolo must pay a late fee in an amount equal to six percent (6%) of such overdue payment. 1847 Wolo and Wolo may at any time and from time to time voluntarily prepay the revolving note or the term note in whole or in part.

The credit agreement contains customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative financial and other covenants and events of default for loans of this type. Each of the revolving note and the term note is secured by a first priority security interest in all of the assets of 1847 Wolo and Wolo.

Vehicle Loans

Asien’s has entered into six retail installment sale contracts pursuant to which Asien’s agreed to finance its delivery trucks at rates ranging 3.98% to 6.99% with an aggregate remaining principal amount of $123,731 as of June 30, 2021.

Kyle’s has entered into two retail installment sale contracts pursuant to which Kyle’s agreed to finance its delivery trucks at rates ranging 5.90% to 6.54% with an aggregate remaining principal amount of $70,627 as of June 30, 2021.

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Total Debt

The following table shows aggregate figures for the total debt described above that is coming due in the short and long term as of June 30, 2021. See the above disclosures for more details regarding these loans.

	Short-Term		Long-Term		Total Debt
Grid Promissory Note	$	56,900	$	—	$	56,900
Revolving Loan – Arvest Bank		100,000		—		100,000
6% Amortizing Promissory Note – Asien’s Seller		263,149		587,023		850,172
4.5% Unsecured Promissory Note – Gwilliam Family Trust		17,467		—		17,467
Vesting Promissory Note – Kyle’s Sellers*		—		498,979		498,979
6% Secured Promissory Note – Wolo Sellers		—		850,000		850,000
Revolving Credit Note – Sterling		946,309		—		946,309
Term Note – Sterling		571,251		2,739,787		3,311,038
Vehicle loans – Asien’s & Kyle’s		106,664		87,694		194,358
Total	$	2,061,740	$	4,763,483	$	6,825,223

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* net of valuation adjustment of $551,021

Results of Operations of Wolo

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

The following table sets forth key components of the results of operations of Wolo during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, both in dollars and as a percentage of revenues.

	December 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Amount			% of Revenues		Amount			% of Revenues
Revenues	$	7,444,776		100.00	%	$	7,640,304		100.00	%
Cost of goods sold		4,095,389		55.01	%		4,399,717		57.59	%
Gross profit		3,349,387		44.99	%		3,240,587		42.41	%
Operating expenses
Personnel		584,852		7.86	%		752,149		9.84	%
General and administrative		1,736,058		23.32	%		1,868,530		24.46	%
Depreciation and amortization		5,949		0.08	%		6,031		0.08	%
Total operating expenses		2,326,859		31.25	%		2,626,710		34.38	%
Income from operations		1,022,528		13.73	%		613,877		8.03	%
Other income (expense)
Settlement income		—		—			80,794		1.06	%
Interest income		10		—			39		—
Interest expense		(1,140	)	(0.02	)%		(635	)	(0.01	)%
Gain on forgiveness of debt		10,000		0.13	%		—		—
Other income		14		—			212		—
Total other income (expense)		8,884		0.12	%		80,410		1.05	%
Net income before income taxes		1,031,412		13.85	%		694,287		9.09	%
Income tax expense		(216,621	)	(2.91	)%		(145,376	)	(1.90	)%
Net income	$	814,791		10.94	%	$	548,911		7.18	%

Revenues. Wolo generates revenue through the sales of horn and safety products, including vehicle emergency and safety warning lights. Revenues decreased by $195,528, or 2.56%, to $7,444,776 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $7,640,304 for the year ended December 31, 2019. We believe that such decrease was primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as some customers did not see sales return to 2019 levels and smaller customers closed their business.

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Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold includes the cost of purchased merchandise plus freight, warehouse salaries, tariffs, and any applicable delivery charges from the vendor. Cost of goods sold decreased by $304,328, or 6.92%, to $4,095,389 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $4,399,717 for the year ended December 31, 2019. As a percentage of revenues, cost of goods sold decreased to 55.01% for the year ended December 31, 2020 from 57.59% for the year ended December 31, 2019. Such decrease was due to decreased sales and shipping delays for merchandise purchased but not shipped in 2020.

Gross profit. As a result of the foregoing, gross profit increased by $108,800, or $3.36%, to $3,349,387 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $3,240,587 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Gross margin (percent of revenue) increased to 44.99% for the year ended December 31, 2020 from 42.41% for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Operating expenses. Operating expenses include personnel expenses (including employee salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes, health insurance premiums, and recruitment and training costs), general and administrative expenses (including advertising expenses, rent expenses other general operating costs) and depreciation and amortization. Total operating expenses decreased by $299,851, or 11.42%, to $2,326,859 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $2,626,710 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Such decrease was due to a 22.24% decrease in personnel expenses, largely due to the resignation of a national sales manager in February 2020 who was not replaced, a 7.09% decrease in general and administrative expenses due the reduction in rent for purchased merchandise stored at an off-site facility (the off-site facility holds excess inventory and purchased merchandise in 2020 was reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and a 1.36% decrease in depreciation and amortization. As a percentage of revenue, total operating expenses were 31.25% and 34.38% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Other income (expense). Total other income, net, was $8,884 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $80,410 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Total other income for the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted of a gain on forgiveness of debt of $10,000, interest income of $10 and other income of $14, offset by interest expense of $1,140. Total other income for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of settlement income of $80,794, interest income of $39 and other income of $212, offset by interest expense of $635.

Income tax expense. Income tax expenses were $216,621 and $145,376 for the years ended December 31, 2020 2019, respectively.

Net income. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, net income increased by $265,880, or 48.44%, to $814,791 for year ended December 31, 2020 from $548,911 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2020, Wolo had cash and cash equivalents of $574,983. Wolo has financed its operations primarily through cash flow from operations and related party loans.

The following table provides detailed information about net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this prospectus:

Cash Flow

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020			2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,036,287		$	885,237
Net cash used in investing activities		—			(5,939	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,552,650	)		(575,000	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(516,363	)		304,298
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,091,346			787,048
Cash and cash equivalent at end of period	$	574,983		$	1,091,346

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Net provided by operating activities was $1,036,287 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $885,237 for the year ended December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the net income of $814,791, an increase in inventory of $141,234, amortization of right-of-use assets of $75,150, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $66,853 and an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $62,504, offset by decreases in operating lease liability of $75,150 and accounts receivable of $54,740, were the primary drivers of the net cash provided by operating activities. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the net income of $548,911, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $214,746, an increase in accounts receivable of $172,710 and amortization of right-of-use assets of $75,176, offset by decreases in operating lease liability of $75,176 and inventory of $50,922, were the primary drivers of the net cash provided by operating activities.

There were no investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020. Net cash used in investing activities was $5,939 for the year ended December 31, 2019, which consisted entirely of purchases of property and equipment.

Net cash used in financing activities was $1,552,650 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $575,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted of distributions to stockholders of $1,725,000, offset by proceeds of PPP loans of $172,350, while net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of distributions to stockholders of $500,000 and net proceeds from related party notes of $75,000.

Results of Operations of Asien’s

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

The following table sets forth key components of the results of operations of Asien’s during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, both in dollars and as a percentage of revenue.

	December 31, 2019					December 31, 2018
	Amount			% of Revenue		Amount			% of Revenue
Revenue
Product sales, net	$	12,300,648		92.06	%	$	7,827,123		87.80	%
Service revenue		1,061,222		7.94	%		1,087,174		12.20	%
Total revenue		13,361,870		100.00	%		8,914,297		100.00	%
Costs of revenue
Cost of product sales		9,757,269		73.02	%		6,128,814		68.75	%
Cost of service revenue		498,385		3.73	%		526,000		5.90	%
Total costs of revenue		10,255,654		76.75	%		6,654,814		74.65	%
Gross profit		3,106,216		23.25	%		2,259,483		25.35	%
Operating expenses
Personnel		500,581		3.75	%		459,782		5.16	%
Advertising		66,570		0.50	%		88,581		0.99	%
Bank and credit card fees		264,759		1.98	%		205,651		2.31	%
Depreciation		35,337		0.26	%		45,414		0.51	%
General and administrative		825,620		6.18	%		767,472		8.61	%
Total operating expenses		1,692,867		12.67	%		1,566,900		17.58	%
Income from operations		1,413,349		10.58	%		692,583		7.77	%
Other income (expense)
Other income		30,371		0.23	%		68,064		0.76	%
Other expense		(38,875	)	(0.29	)%		(5,516	)	(0.06	)%
Total other income (expense)		(8,504	)	(0.06	)%		62,548		0.70	%
Net income	$	1,404,845		10.51	%	$	755,131		8.47	%

Revenue. Asien’s generates revenue through the sales of appliances and from appliances services, including in-home service and repair. Total revenue increased by $4,447,573, or 49.89%, to $13,361,870 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $8,914,297 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Such increase was due to a significant increase in product sales, offset by a slight 2.39% decrease in service revenue.

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Revenue from product sales increased by $4,473,525, or 57.15%, to $12,300,648 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $7,827,123 for the year ended December 31, 2018. We believe that such increase was due to replacement appliances for homes rebuilt due to fire damage in 2017 and 2018.

Service revenue decreased by $25,952, or 2.39%, to $1,061,222 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $1,087,174 for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue includes the cost of purchased merchandise plus freight, labor and overhead associated with delivery and installation services and any applicable delivery charges from the vendor. Total cost of revenue increased by $3,600,840, or 54.11%, to $10,255,654 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $6,654,814 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Such increase was generally in line with the increase in revenue, although it was also affected by the change in product mix, with product sales accounting for a larger portion of revenue in 2019.

Gross profit. Gross profit increased by $846,733, or $37.47%, to $3,106,216 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $2,259,483 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Gross margin (percent of revenue) decreased slightly to 23.25% for the year ended December 31, 2019 from 25.35% for the year ended December 31, 2018. Such decrease was primarily due to the change in product mix noted above.

Operating expenses. Operating expenses include personnel expenses (including employee salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes, health insurance premiums, 401(k) contributions, and recruitment and training costs), advertising expenses, bank and credit card fees, depreciation and other general operating costs. Total operating expenses increased by $125,967, or 8.04%, to $1,692,867 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $1,566,900 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Such increase was due to an 8.87% increase personnel costs due to an increase in personnel, a 28.75% increase in bank and credit card fees resulting from the increase in revenue, and a 7.58% increase in other general and administrative expenses resulting from the general expansion of Asien’s business, offset by a 24.85% decrease in advertising expenses due to greater vendor co-op contributions offsetting these expenses carried by Asien’s alone in 2018, and a 22.19% decrease in depreciation. As a percentage of revenue, total operating expenses were 12.67% and 17.58% for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other income (expense). Asien’s had total other expense, net, of $8,504 for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to total other income, net, of $62,548 for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Net income. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, net income increased by $649,714, or 86.04%, to $1,404,845 for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $755,131 for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2019, Asien’s had cash and cash equivalents of $1,875,336. Asien’s has financed its operations primarily through cash flow from operations and bank borrowings.

The following table provides detailed information about net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this prospectus:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,532,321		$	1,606,581
Net cash used in investing activities		(9,929	)		(7,280	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,156,670	)		(736,029	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		365,722			863,272
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,509,614			646,342
Cash and cash equivalent at end of period	$	1,875,336		$	1,509,614

Net provided by operating activities was $1,532,321 for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $1,606,581 for the year ended December 31, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the net income of $1,404,845, an increase in contract liabilities of $358,640, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $141,623, depreciation of $35,337, and an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $210, offset by a decrease in inventory of $285,096 and decrease in accounts receivable of $123,238, were the primary drivers of the net cash provided by operating activities. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the net income of $755,131, an increase in

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contract liabilities of $894,753, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $294,217, an increase in accounts receivable of $47,255 and depreciation of $45,414, offset by a decrease in inventory of $360,973 and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $69,216, were the primary drivers of the net cash provided by operating activities.

Net cash used in investing activities was $9,929 for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $7,280 for the year ended December 31, 2018, which consisted entirely of the purchases of property and equipment.

Net cash used in financing activities was $1,156,670 for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $736,029 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of distributions of $1,042,200, repayments on notes payable of $111,450 and repayments on line of credit of $3,020, while net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of repayments on notes payable of $387,604, distributions of $331,350 and repayments on line of credit of $17,075.

Contractual Obligations

Our principal commitments consist mostly of obligations under the loans described above, the operating leases described under “Business — Facilities” and other contractual commitments described below.

We have engaged our manager to manage our day-to-day operations and affairs. Our relationship with our manager will be governed principally by the following agreements:

• the management services agreement and offsetting management services agreements relating to the management services our manager will perform for us and the businesses we own and the management fee to be paid to our manager in respect thereof; and

• our operating agreement setting forth our manager’s rights with respect to the allocation shares it owns, including the right to receive profit allocations from us, and the supplemental put provision relating to our manager’s right to cause us to purchase the allocation shares it owns.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies

The following discussion relates to critical accounting policies for our consolidated company. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. We have identified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of our financial statements. These accounting policies are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements:

Revenue Recognition and Cost of Revenue

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. This ASU is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those

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goods or services. This ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer purchase orders, including significant judgments. Our adoption of this ASU resulted in no change to our results of operations or balance sheet.

Retail and Appliances Segment

Asien’s collects 100% of the payment for special-order models including tax and 50% of the payment for non-special orders from the customer at the time the order is placed. Asien’s does not incur incremental costs obtaining purchase orders from customers, however, if Asien’s did, because all Asien’s contracts are less than a year in duration, any contract costs incurred would be expensed rather than capitalized.

Performance Obligations — The revenue that Asien’s recognizes arises from orders it receives from customers. Asien’s performance obligations under the customer orders correspond to each sale of merchandise that it makes to customers under the purchase orders; as a result, each purchase order generally contains only one performance obligation based on the merchandise sale to be completed. Control of the delivery transfers to customers when the customer can direct the use of, and obtain substantially all the benefits from, Asien’s products, which generally occurs when the customer assumes the risk of loss. The transfer of control generally occurs at the point of pickup, shipment, or installation. Once this occurs, Asien’s has satisfied its performance obligation and Asien’s recognizes revenue.

Transaction Price — Asien’s agrees with customers on the selling price of each transaction. This transaction price is generally based on the agreed upon sales price. In Asien’s contracts with customers, it allocates the entire transaction price to the sales price, which is the basis for the determination of the relative standalone selling price allocated to each performance obligation. Any sales tax that Asien’s collects concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.

Cost of revenue includes the cost of purchased merchandise plus freight and any applicable delivery charges from the vendor to Asien’s. Substantially all Asien’s sales are to individual retail consumers (homeowners), builders and designers. The large majority of customers are homeowners and their contractors, with the homeowner being key in the final decisions. Asien’s has a diverse customer base with no one client accounting for more than 5% of total revenue.

Construction Segment

Kyle’s generates revenues from providing cabinet design, construction and installation primary from cabinet-related products and supplies.

Kyle’s provides cabinet design, construction and installation services to customers with both residential and commercial projects. A majority of Kyle’s contracts are recurring work from a builder team. Kyle’s will provide pricing and work with individual homeowners, designers and builders to determine pricing options and upgrades to the base proposed contact pricing.

Performance Obligations — For substantially all landscaping construction contracts, we recognize revenue over time, as performance obligations are satisfied, on a percentage completion basis on a total project cost basis. Typical contacts will last approximately 4-6 weeks from start to the substantial completion of the project.

Significant Judgments and Estimates — For cabinet construction contracts, measuring the percent completion on an individual project requires estimates obtained by discussions with field personnel. Estimates are also used in determining the total estimated total costs of a project. These estimates and assumptions are the best information management has at the time percent complete is calculated. We employ the same estimation methodology on a quarterly basis.

Accounts Receivable, Net — Accounts receivable, net, are amounts due from customers where there is an unconditional right to consideration.

Automotive Supplies Segment

Wolo designs and manufactures horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle and industrial equipment), and offers vehicle emergency and safety warning lights for cars, trucks, industrial equipment and emergency vehicles. Focused on the automotive and industrial after-market, Wolo sells its products to big-box national retail chains, through specialty and industrial distributors, as well as on-line/mail order retailers and OEMs.

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Wolo collects 100% of the payment for internet and phone orders, including tax, from the customer at the time the order is shipped. Customers placing orders with a purchase order through the EDI (Electronic Data Interface) are allowed to purchase on credit and make payment after receipt of product on the agreed upon terms.

Performance Obligations — The revenue that Wolo recognizes arises from orders it receives from contracts with customers. Wolo’s performance obligations under the customer orders correspond to each sale of merchandise that it makes to customers and each order generally contains only one performance obligation based on the merchandise sale to be completed. Control of the delivery transfers to customers when the customer can direct the use of, and obtain substantially all the benefits from, Wolo’s products, which generally occurs when the customer assumes the risk of loss. The transfer of control generally occurs at the point of shipment of the order. Once this occurs, Wolo has satisfied its performance obligation and Wolo recognizes revenue.

Transaction Price — Wolo agrees with customers on the selling price of each transaction. This transaction price is generally based on the agreed upon sales price. In Wolo’s contracts with customers, it allocates the entire transaction price to the sales price, which is the basis for the determination of the relative standalone selling price allocated to each performance obligation. Any sales tax that Wolo collects concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.

Cost of sales includes the cost of purchased merchandise plus freight, warehouse salaries, tariffs, and any applicable delivery charges from the vendor to the company.

Warranties vary and are typically 90 days to consumers and manufacturing defect warranty to are available to resellers. At times, depending on the product, the company can also offer a warranty up to 12 months.

Receivables

Receivables consist of credit card transactions in the process of settlement. Vendor rebates receivable represent amounts due from manufactures from whom we purchase products. Rebates receivable are stated at the amount that management expects to collect from manufacturers, net of accounts payable amounts due the vendor. Rebates are calculated on product and model sales programs from specific vendors. The rebates are paid at intermittent periods either in cash or through issuance of vendor credit memos, which can be applied against vendor accounts payable. Based on our assessment of the credit history with our manufacturers, we have concluded that there should be no allowance for uncollectible accounts. We historically collect substantially all of our outstanding rebates receivables. Uncollectible balances are expensed in the period it is determined to be uncollectible.

Inventory

For Asien’s, inventory mainly consists of appliances that are acquired for resale and is valued at the average cost determined on a specific item basis. Inventory also consists of parts that are used in service and repairs and may or may not be charged to the customer depending on warranty and contractual relationship. Kyle’s typically orders inventory on a job-by-job basis and those jobs are put into production within hours of being received. The inventory in production is accounted for in the contact assets and liabilities and follows the percentage completion methodology. Inventories consisting of materials and supplies are stated at lower of costs or market. Wolo’s inventory consists of finished goods acquired for resale and is valued at the weighted-average cost determined on a specific item basis. We periodically evaluate the value of items in inventory and provide write-downs to inventory based on our estimate of market conditions. We estimated an obsolescence allowance of $160,824 and $12,824 at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation of furniture, vehicles and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:

		Useful Life (Years)
Building and Improvements		4
Machinery and Equipment		3 – 7
Trucks and Vehicles		3 – 6

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

In applying the acquisition method of accounting, amounts assigned to identifiable assets and liabilities acquired were based on estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition, with the remainder recorded as goodwill. Identifiable intangible assets are initially valued at fair value using generally accepted valuation methods appropriate for the type of intangible asset. Identifiable intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment if indicators of impairment arise. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment within one year of acquisitions or annually as of December 1, and whenever indicators of impairment exist. The fair value of intangible assets are compared with their carrying values, and an impairment loss would be recognized for the amount by which a carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

Acquired identifiable intangible assets are amortized over the following periods:

Acquired intangible Asset	Amortization Basis	Expected Life (years)
Customer-Related	Straight-line basis	5 – 15
Marketing-Related	Straight-line basis	5

Long-Lived Assets

We review our property and equipment and any identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The test for impairment is required to be performed by management at least annually. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted operating cash flow expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit and amounts due to shareholders. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due either to length of maturity or interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates unless otherwise disclosed in these financial statements.

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that could be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. A fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three-level hierarchy is as follows:

		Level 1 — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
		Level 2 — Observable market-based inputs or inputs that are corroborated by market data.
		Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market date.

Our held to maturity securities are comprised of certificates of deposit.

Derivative Instrument Liability

We account for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other financial instruments or contracts, and requires recognition of all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value, regardless of hedging relationship designation. Accounting for changes in fair value of the derivative instruments depends on whether the derivatives qualify as hedge relationships and the types of relationships designated are based on the exposures hedged.

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Stock-Based Compensation

We record stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. All transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. Equity instruments issued to employees and the cost of the services received as consideration are measured and recognized based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued and are recognized over the employees required service period, which is generally the vesting period.

Leases

ASC 842 requires recognition of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use, or ROU, assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent our right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we used our estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. A number of the lease agreements contain options to renew and options to terminate the leases early. The lease term used to calculate ROU assets and lease liabilities only includes renewal and termination options that are deemed reasonably certain to be exercised.

We recognized lease liabilities, with corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months. The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, and unamortized lease incentives provided by lessors. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance, property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable lease payments are based occur. We have elected not to separate lease and non-lease components for all property leases for the purposes of calculating ROU assets and lease liabilities.

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CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE

Our company is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed on January 22, 2013. Your rights as a holder of common shares, and the fiduciary duties of our board of directors and executive officers, and any limitations relating thereto, are set forth in the operating agreement governing our company and may differ from those applying to a Delaware corporation. However, subject to certain exceptions, the documents governing our company specify that the duties of our directors and officers will be generally consistent with the duties of directors and officers of a Delaware corporation.

Our company is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under the partnership income tax provisions, our company will not incur any U.S. federal income tax liability; rather, each of our shareholders will be required to take into account his or her allocable share of company income, gain, loss, and deduction. As a holder of our shares, you may not receive cash distributions sufficient in amount to cover taxes in respect of your allocable share of our company’s net taxable income. Our company will file a partnership return with the IRS and will issue tax information, including a Schedule K-1, to you that describes your allocable share of our company’s income, gain, loss, deduction, and other items. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply to partnerships are complex and complying with the reporting requirements may require significant time and expense. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for more information.

On March 3, 2017, our newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary 1847 Neese acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Neese for an aggregate purchase price of $6,655,000, consisting of: (i) $2,225,000 in cash; (ii) 450 shares of the common stock of 1847 Neese, valued by the parties at $1,530,000, constituting 45% of its capital stock; (iii) the issuance of a vesting promissory note in the principal amount of $1,875,000 (which was determined to have a fair value of $395,634) due June 30, 2020; and (iv) the issuance of a short-term promissory note in the principal amount of $1,025,000 due March 3, 2018. On April 19, 2021, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with Alan Neese and Katherine Neese, pursuant to which they purchased our 55% ownership interest in 1847 Neese for a purchase price of $325,000 in cash. As a result of this transaction, 1847 Neese is no longer a subsidiary of our company.

On April 5, 2019, our newly formed indirect wholly-owned subsidiary 1847 Goedeker acquired substantially all of the assets of Goedeker Television for an aggregate purchase price of $6,200,000 consisting of: (i) $1,500,000 in cash; (ii) the issuance of a promissory note in the principal amount of $4,100,000; and (iii) up to $600,000 in earn out payments. As additional consideration, our newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary 1847 Goedeker Holdco Inc., or 1847 Holdco, issued to each of the stockholders of Goedeker Television a number of shares of its common stock equal to a 11.25% non-dilutable interest in all of the issued and outstanding stock of 1847 Holdco as of the closing date. On August 4, 2020, 1847 Holdco distributed all of its shares of 1847 Goedeker to its stockholders in accordance with their pro rata ownership in 1847 Holdco, after which time 1847 Holdco was dissolved. On October 23, 2020, we distributed all of the shares of 1847 Goedeker that we held to our shareholders. As a result of this distribution, 1847 Goedeker is no longer a subsidiary of our company.

On May 28, 2020, our newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary 1847 Asien acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Asien’s for an aggregate purchase price of $2,125,000 consisting of: (i) $233,000 in cash; (ii) the issuance of an amortizing promissory note in the principal amount of $200,000; (iii) the issuance of a demand promissory note in the principal amount of $655,000; and (iv) 415,000 common shares of our company, having a mutually agreed upon value of $830,000 and a fair value of $1,037,500, which could be repurchased by 1847 Asien for a period of one year following the closing at a purchase price of $2.50 per share. The shares were repurchased by 1847 Asien on July 29, 2020. As a result of this transaction, we own 95% of 1847 Asien, with the remaining 5% held by Leonite Capital LLC. 1847 Asien was formed in the State of Delaware on March 24, 2020 and Asien’s was formed in the State of California on February 6, 2004.

On September 30, 2020, our newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary 1847 Cabinet acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Kyle’s for an aggregate purchase price of up to $9,324,792 (subject to adjustment of the contingent note), consisting of (i) $4,389,792 in cash, (ii) an 8% contingent subordinated note in the aggregate principal amount of up to $1,260,000, and (iii) 700,000 common shares of our company, having a mutually agreed upon value

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of $1,400,000 and a fair value of $3,675,000. As a result of this transaction, we own 92.5% of 1847 Cabinet, with the remaining 7.5% held by Leonite Capital LLC. 1847 Cabinet was formed in the State of Delaware on August 21, 2020 and Kyle’s was formed in the State of Idaho on May 7, 1991.

On March 30, 2021, our newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary 1847 Wolo acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Wolo for an aggregate purchase price of $8,266,925, consisting of (i) $6,322,401 in cash (which includes a post-closing working capital adjustment of $227,599 that was paid to us in August 2021), (ii) a 6% secured promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $850,000 and (iii) cash due to seller of $1,094,524. As a result of this transaction, we own 92.5% of 1847 Wolo, with the remaining 7.5% held by Leonite Capital LLC. 1847 Wolo was formed in the State of Delaware on December 3, 2020. Wolo Mfg. Corp. was formed in the State of New York on August 6, 1965 and Wolo Industrial Horn & Signal, Inc. was formed in the State of New York on January 28, 1999.

On May 14, 2021, we formed 1847 HQ Inc. as a wholly-owned subsidiary in the State of Delaware to manage our benefit plans.

The following chart depicts our current organizational structure:

See “The Manager” for more details regarding the ownership of our manager.

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THE MANAGER

Overview of Our Manager

Our manager, 1847 Partners LLC, is a Delaware limited liability company. It has two classes of limited liability interests known as Class A interests and Class B interests. The Class A interests, which give the holder the right to the profit allocation received by our manager as a result of holding our allocation shares, are owned in their entirety by 1847 Partners Class A Member LLC; and the Class B interests, which give the holder the right to all other profits or losses of our manager, including the management fee payable to our manager by us, are owned in their entirety by 1847 Partners Class B Member LLC. 1847 Partners Class A Member LLC is owned 52% by Ellery W. Roberts, our Chief Executive Officer, 38% by 1847 Founders Capital LLC, which is owned by Edward J. Tobin, and approximately 9% by Louis A. Bevilacqua, the managing member of Bevilacqua PLLC, outside counsel to our company, with the balance being owned by a former contractor to such law firm. 1847 Partners Class B Member LLC is owned 54% by Ellery W. Roberts, 36% by 1847 Founders Capital LLC and 10% by Louis A. Bevilacqua. Mr. Roberts is also the sole manager of both entities. In the future, Mr. Roberts may cause 1847 Partners Class A Member LLC or 1847 Partners Class B Member LLC to issue units to employees of our manager to incentivize those employees by providing them with the ability to participate in our manager’s incentive allocation and management fee.

Key Personnel of Our Manager

The key personnel of our manager are Ellery W. Roberts, our Chief Executive Officer, and Edward J. Tobin. Please see “Management” for a description of the business experience of these individuals. Each of these individuals will be compensated entirely by our manager from the management fees it receives. As employees of our manager, these individuals devote a substantial majority of their time to the affairs of our company.

Collectively, the management team of our manager has more than 60 years of combined experience in acquiring and managing small businesses and has overseen the acquisitions and financing of over 50 businesses.

Acquisition and Disposition Opportunities

Our manager has exclusive responsibility for reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors with respect to acquisition and disposition opportunities. If our manager does not originate an opportunity, our board of directors will seek a recommendation from our manager prior to making a decision concerning such opportunity. In the case of any acquisition or disposition opportunity that involves an affiliate of our manager or us, our nominating and corporate governance committee, or, if we do not have such a committee, the independent members of our board of directors, will be required to authorize and approve such transaction.

Our manager will review each acquisition or disposition opportunity presented to our manager to determine if such opportunity satisfies the acquisition and disposition criteria established by our board of directors. The acquisition and disposition criteria provide that our manager will review each acquisition opportunity presented to it to determine if such opportunity satisfies our company’s acquisition and disposition criteria, and if it is determined, in our manager’s sole discretion, that an opportunity satisfies the criteria, our manager will refer the opportunity to our board of directors for its authorization and approval prior to the consummation of any such opportunity.

Our investment criteria include the following:

• Revenue of at least $5.0 million

• Current year EBITDA/Pre-tax Income of at least $1.5 million with a history of positive cash flow

• Clearly identifiable “blueprint” for growth with the potential for break-out returns

• Well-positioned companies within our core industry categories (consumer-driven, business-to-business, light manufacturing and specialty finance) with strong returns on capital

• Opportunities wherein building management team, infrastructure and access to capital are the primary drivers of creating value

• Headquartered in North America

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We believe we will be able to acquire small businesses for multiples ranging from three to six times EBITDA. With respect to investment opportunities that do not fall within the criteria set forth above, our manager must first present such opportunities to our board of directors. Our board of directors and our manager will review these criteria from time to time and our board of directors may make changes and modifications to such criteria as our company makes additional acquisitions and dispositions.

If an acquisition opportunity is referred to our board of directors by our manager and our board of directors determines not to timely pursue such opportunity in whole or in part, any part of such opportunity that our company does not promptly pursue may be pursued by our manager or may be referred by our manager to any person, including affiliates of our manager. In this case, our manager is likely to devote a portion of its time to the oversight of this opportunity, including the management of a business that we do not own.

If there is a disposition, our manager must use its commercially reasonable efforts to manage a process through which the value of such disposition can be maximized, taking into consideration non-financial factors such as those relating to competition, strategic partnerships, potential favorable or adverse effects on us, our businesses, or our investments or any similar factors that may reasonably perceived as having a short- or long-term impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Management Services Agreement

The management services agreement sets forth the services performed by our manager. Our manager performs such services subject to the oversight and supervision of our board of directors.

In general, our manager performs those services for our company that would be typically performed by the executive officers of a company. Specifically, our manager performs the following services, which we refer to as the management services, pursuant to the management services agreement:

• manage the day-to-day business and operations of our company, including our liquidity and capital resources and compliance with applicable law;

• identify, evaluate, manage, perform due diligence on, negotiate and oversee acquisitions of target businesses and any other investments;

• evaluate and oversee the financial and operational performance of our businesses, including monitoring the business and operations of such businesses, and the financial performance of any other investments that we make;

• provide, on our behalf, managerial assistance to our businesses;

• evaluate, manage, negotiate and oversee dispositions of all or any part of any of our property, assets or investments, including disposition of all or any part of our businesses;

• provide or second, as necessary, employees of our manager to serve as executive officers or other employees of our company or as members of our board of directors; and

• perform any other services that would be customarily performed by executive officers and employees of a publicly listed or quoted company.

Our company and our manager have the right at any time during the term of the management services agreement to change the services provided by our manager. In performing management services, our manager has all necessary power and authority to perform, or cause to be performed, such services on behalf of our company, and, in this respect, our manager is the only provider of management services to our company. Nonetheless, our manager is required to obtain authorization and approval of our board of directors in all circumstances where executive officers of a corporation typically would be required to obtain authorization and approval of a corporation’s board of directors, including, for example, with respect to the consummation of an acquisition of a target business, the issuance of securities or the entry into credit arrangements.

While our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Ellery W. Roberts, intends to devote substantially all of his time to the affairs of our company, neither Mr. Roberts, nor our manager, is expressly prohibited from investing in or managing other entities. In this regard, the management services agreement does not require our manager and its affiliates to provide management services to our company exclusively.

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Secondment of Our Executive Officers

In accordance with the terms of the management services agreement, our manager may second to our company our executive officers, which means that these individuals will be assigned by our manager to work for us during the term of the management services agreement. Our board of directors has appointed Mr. Roberts as an executive officer of our company. Although Mr. Roberts is an employee of our manager, he will report directly, and be subject, to our board of directors. In this respect, our board of directors may, after due consultation with our manager, at any time request that our manager replace any individual seconded to our company and our manager will, as promptly as practicable, replace any such individual; however, our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Roberts, controls our manager, which may make it difficult for our board of directors to completely sever ties with Mr. Roberts. Our manager and our board of directors may agree from time to time that our manager will second to our company one or more additional individuals to serve on behalf of our company, upon such terms as our manager and our board of directors may mutually agree.

Indemnification by our Company

Our company has agreed to indemnify and hold harmless our manager and its employees and representatives, including any individuals seconded to our company, from and against all losses, claims and liabilities incurred by our manager in connection with, relating to or arising out of the performance of any management services. However, our company will not be obligated to indemnify or hold harmless our manager for any losses, claims and liabilities incurred by our manager in connection with, relating to or arising out of (i) a breach by our manager or its employees or its representatives of the management services agreement, (ii) the gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith or reckless disregard of our manager or its employees or representatives in the performance of any of its obligations under the management services agreement, or (iii) fraudulent or dishonest acts of our manager or its employees or representatives with respect to our company or any of its businesses.

Termination of Management Services Agreement

Our board of directors may terminate the management services agreement and our manager’s appointment if, at any time:

• a majority of our board of directors vote to terminate the management services agreement, and the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares (other than shares beneficially owned by our manager) then entitled to vote also vote to terminate the management services agreement;

• neither Mr. Roberts nor his designated successor controls our manager, which change of control occurs without the prior written consent of our board of directors;

• there is a finding by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final, non-appealable order that (i) our manager materially breached the terms of the management services agreement and such breach continued unremedied for 60 days after our manager receives written notice from our company setting forth the terms of such breach, or (ii) our manager (x) acted with gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith or reckless disregard in performing its duties and obligations under the management services agreement, or (y) engaged in fraudulent or dishonest acts in connection with the business or operations of our company;

• our manager has been convicted of a felony under federal or state law, our board of directors finds that our manager is demonstrably and materially incapable of performing its duties and obligations under the management services agreement, and the holders of at least 662/3% of the then outstanding shares, other than shares beneficially owned by our manager, vote to terminate the management services agreement; or

• there is a finding by a court of competent jurisdiction that our manager has (i) engaged in fraudulent or dishonest acts in connection with the business or operations of our company or (ii) acted with gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith or reckless disregard in performing its duties and obligations under the management services agreement, and the holders of at least 662/3% of the then outstanding shares (other than shares beneficially owned by our manager) vote to terminate the management services agreement.

In addition, our manager may resign and terminate the management services agreement at any time upon 120 days prior written notice to our company, and this right is not contingent upon the finding of a replacement manager. However, if our manager resigns, until the date on which the resignation becomes effective, it will, upon request of our board of directors, use reasonable efforts to assist our board of directors to find a replacement manager at no cost and expense to our company.

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Upon the termination of the management services agreement, seconded officers, employees, representatives and delegates of our manager and its affiliates who are performing the services that are the subject of the management services agreement will resign their respective position with our company and cease to work at the date of such termination or at any other time as determined by our manager. Any director appointed by our manager may continue serving on our board of directors, subject to the terms of the operating agreement.

If we terminate the management services agreement, our company and its businesses have agreed to cease using the term “1847”, including any trademarks based on the name of our company that may be licensed to them by our manager, under the licensing provisions of the management services agreement, entirely in their businesses and operations within 180 days of such termination. Such licensing provisions of the management services agreement would require our company and its businesses to change their names to remove any reference to the term “1847” or any reference to trademarks licensed to them by our manager. In this respect, our right to use the term “1847” and related intellectual property is subject to licensing provisions between our manager, on the one hand, and our company and our businesses, on the other hand.

Except with respect to the termination fee payable to our manager due to a termination of the management services agreement based solely on a vote of our board of directors and our shareholders, no other termination fee is payable upon termination of the management services agreement for any other reason. See “— Our Manager as a Service Provider — Termination Fee” for more information about the termination fee payable upon termination of the management services agreement.

While termination of the management services agreement will not affect any terms and conditions, including those relating to any payment obligations, that exist under any offsetting management services agreements or transaction services agreements, such agreements will be terminable by our businesses upon 60 days prior written notice and there will be no termination or other similar fees due upon such termination. Notwithstanding termination of the management services agreement, our manager will maintain its rights with respect to the allocation shares it then owns, including its rights under the supplemental put provision of our operating agreement. See “— Our Manager as an Equity Holder — Supplemental Put Provision” for more information on our manager’s put right with respect to the allocation shares.

Our Relationship with Our Manager, Manager Fees and Manager Profit Allocation

Our relationship with our manager is based on our manager having two distinct roles: first, as a service provider to us and, second, as an equity holder of the allocation shares.

As a service provider, our manager performs a variety of services for us, which entitles it to receive a management fee. As holder of our company’s allocation shares, our manager has the right to a preferred distribution in the form of a profit allocation upon the occurrence of certain events. Our manager paid $1,000 for the allocation shares. In addition, our manager will have the right to cause our company to purchase the allocation shares then owned by our manager upon termination of the management services agreement.

These relationships with our manager are governed principally by the following agreements:

• the management services agreements relating to the services our manager performs for us and our businesses; and

• our company’s operating agreement relating to our manager’s rights with respect to the allocation shares it owns and which contains the supplemental put provision relating to our manager’s right to cause our company to purchase the allocation shares it owns.

We also expect that our manager will enter into offsetting management services agreements and transaction services agreements with our businesses directly. These agreements, and some of the material terms relating thereto, are discussed in more detail below. The management fee, profit allocation and put price under the supplemental put provision will be payment obligations of our company and, as a result, will be paid, along with other company obligations, prior to the payment of distributions to common shareholders.

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The following table provides a simplified description of the fees and profit allocation rights held by our manager. Further detail is provided in the following subsections.

Description	Fee Calculation	Payment Term
Management Fees
Determined by management services agreement	0.5% of adjusted net assets (2.0% annually)	Quarterly
Determined by offsetting management services agreement	Payment of fees by our subsidiary businesses that result in a dollar for dollar reduction of manager fees paid by us to our manager such that our manager cannot receive duplicate fees from both us and our subsidiary	Quarterly
Termination fee — determined by management services agreement	Accumulated management fee paid in the preceding 4 fiscal quarters multiplied by 2. Paid only upon termination by our board and a majority in interest of our shareholders
Determined by management services agreement	Reimbursement of manager’s costs and expenses in providing services to us, but not including: (1) costs of overhead; (2) due diligence and other costs for potential acquisitions our board of directors does not approve pursuing or that are required by acquisition target to be reimbursed under a transaction services agreement; and (3) certain seconded officers and employees	Ongoing
Transaction Services Fees
Acquisition services of target businesses or disposition of subsidiaries — fees determined by transaction services agreements	2.0% of aggregate purchase price up to $50 million; plus 1.5% of aggregate purchase price in excess of $50 million and up to and equal to $100 million; plus 1.0% of aggregate purchase price in excess of $100 million	Per transaction
Manager profit allocation determined by our operating agreement	20% of certain profits and gains on a sale of subsidiary after clearance of the 8% annual hurdle rate 8% hurdle rate determined for any subsidiary by multiplying the subsidiary’s average quarterly share of our assets by an 8% annualized rate	Sale of a material amount of capital stock or assets of one of our businesses or subsidiaries. Holding event: at the option of our manager, for the 30 day period following the 5th anniversary of an acquired business (but only based on historical profits of the business)

Our Manager as a Service Provider

Management Fee

Our company will pay our manager a quarterly management fee equal to 0.5% (2.0% annualized) of its adjusted net assets, as discussed in more detail below (which we refer to as the parent management fee).

Subject to any adjustments discussed below, for performing management services under the management services agreement during any fiscal quarter, our company will pay our manager a management fee with respect to such fiscal quarter. The management fee to be paid with respect to any fiscal quarter will be calculated as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, which we refer to as the calculation date. The management fee will be calculated by an administrator, which will be our manager so long as the management services agreement is in effect. The amount of any management fee payable by our company as of any calculation date with respect to any fiscal quarter will be (i) reduced by the aggregate amount of any offsetting management fees, if any, received by our manager from any of our businesses with

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respect to such fiscal quarter, (ii) reduced (or increased) by the amount of any over-paid (or under-paid) management fees received by (or owed to) our manager as of such calculation date, and (iii) increased by the amount of any outstanding accrued and unpaid management fees.

As an obligation of our company, the management fee will be paid prior to the payment of distributions to our common shareholders. If we do not have sufficient liquid assets to pay the management fee when due, we may be required to liquidate assets or incur debt in order to pay the management fee.

Offsetting Management Services Agreements

Pursuant to the management services agreement, we have agreed that our manager may, at any time, enter into offsetting management services agreements with our businesses pursuant to which our manager may perform services that may or may not be similar to management services. Any fees to be paid by one of our businesses pursuant to such agreements are referred to as offsetting management fees and will offset, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the management fee otherwise due and payable by our company under the management services agreement with respect to a fiscal quarter. The management services agreement provides that the aggregate amount of offsetting management fees to be paid to our manager with respect to any fiscal quarter shall not exceed the management fee to be paid to our manager with respect to such fiscal quarter.

Our manager entered into offsetting management services agreements with 1847 Neese, 1847 Goedeker, 1847 Asien, 1847 Cabinet and 1847 Wolo. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Management Fees” for a description of these agreements. Our manager may also enter into offsetting management services agreements with our future subsidiaries, which agreements would be in the form prescribed by our management services agreement. The offsetting management fee paid to our manager for providing management services to a future subsidiary will vary.

The services that our manager provides under the offsetting management services agreements include: conducting general and administrative supervision and oversight of the subsidiary’s day-to-day business and operations, including, but not limited to, recruiting and hiring of personnel, administration of personnel and personnel benefits, development of administrative policies and procedures, establishment and management of banking services, managing and arranging for the maintaining of liability insurance, arranging for equipment rental, maintenance of all necessary permits and licenses, acquisition of any additional licenses and permits that become necessary, participation in risk management policies and procedures; and overseeing and consulting with respect to our business and operational strategies, the implementation of such strategies and the evaluation of such strategies, including, but not limited to, strategies with respect to capital expenditure and expansion programs, acquisitions or dispositions and product or service lines. If our manager and the subsidiary do not enter into an offsetting management services agreement, our manager will provide these services for our subsidiaries under our management services agreement.

Example of Calculation of Management Fee with Adjustment for Offsetting Management Fees

In order to better understand how the management fee is calculated, we are providing the following example:

		(in thousands)
Quarterly management fee:
1	Consolidated total assets	$	100,000
2	Consolidated accumulation amortization of intangibles		5,000
3	Total cash and cash equivalents		5,000
4	Adjusted total liabilities		(10,000	)
5	Adjusted net assets (Line 1 + Line 2 – Line 3 – Line 4)		90,000
6	Multiplied by quarterly rate		0.5	%
7	Quarterly management fee	$	450

Offsetting management fees:
8	Acquired company A offsetting management fees	$	(100	)
9	Acquired company B offsetting management fees		(100	)
10	Acquired company C offsetting management fees		(100	)
11	Acquired company D offsetting management fees		(100	)
12	Total offsetting management fees (Line 8 + Line 9 – Line 10 – Line 11)		(400	)
13	Quarterly management fee payable by Company (Line 7 + Line 12)	$	50

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The foregoing example provides hypothetical information only and does not intend to reflect actual or expected management fee amounts.

For purposes of the calculation of the management fee:

• “Adjusted net assets” will be equal to, with respect to our company as of any calculation date, the sum of (i) consolidated total assets (as determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP) of our company as of such calculation date, plus (ii) the absolute amount of consolidated accumulated amortization of intangibles (as determined in accordance with GAAP) for our company as of such calculation date, minus (iii) total cash and cash equivalents, minus (iv) the absolute amount of adjusted total liabilities of our company as of such calculation date.

• “Adjusted total liabilities” will be equal to, with respect to our company as of any calculation date, our company’s consolidated total liabilities (as determined in accordance with GAAP) as of such calculation date after excluding the effect of any outstanding third party indebtedness of our company.

• “Quarterly management fee” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, the product of (i) 0.5%, multiplied by (ii) our company’s adjusted net assets as of such calculation date; provided, however, that with respect to any fiscal quarter in which the management services agreement is terminated, our company will pay our manager a management fee with respect to such fiscal quarter equal to the product of (i) (x) 0.5%, multiplied by (y) our company’s adjusted net assets as of such calculation date, multiplied by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days from and including the first day of such fiscal quarter to but excluding the date upon which the management services agreement is terminated and the denominator of which is the number of days in such fiscal quarter.

• “Total offsetting management fees” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, fees paid to our manager by the businesses that we acquire in the future under separate offsetting management services agreements.

Transaction Services Agreements

Pursuant to the management services agreement, we have agreed that our manager may, at any time, enter into transaction services agreements with any of our businesses relating to the performance by our manager of certain transaction-related services in connection with the acquisitions of target businesses by our company or its businesses or dispositions of our company’s or its businesses’ property or assets. These services may include those customarily performed by a third-party investment banking firm or similar financial advisor, which may or may not be similar to management services, in connection with the acquisition of target businesses by us or our subsidiaries or disposition of subsidiaries or any of our property or assets or those of our subsidiaries. In connection with providing transaction services, our manager will generally receive a fee equal to the sum of (i) 2.0% of the aggregate purchase price of the target business up to and equal to $50 million, plus (ii) 1.5% of the aggregate purchase price of the target business in excess of $50 million and up to and equal to $100 million, plus (iii) 1.0% of the aggregate purchase price over $100 million, subject to annual review by our board of directors. The purchase price of a target business shall be defined as the aggregate amount of consideration, including cash and the value of any shares issued by us on the date of acquisition, paid for the equity interests of such target business plus the aggregate principal amount of any debt assumed by us of the target business on the date of acquisition or any similar formulation. The other terms and conditions relating to the performance of transaction services will be established in accordance with market practice.

Our manager may enter into transaction services agreements with our subsidiaries and future subsidiaries, which agreements would be in the form prescribed by our management services agreement.

The services that our manager will provide to our subsidiaries and future subsidiaries under the transaction services agreements will include the following services that would be provided in connection with a specific transaction identified at the time that the transaction services agreement is entered into: reviewing, evaluating and otherwise familiarizing itself and its affiliates with the business, operations, properties, financial condition and prospects of the future subsidiary and its target acquisition and preparing documentation describing the future subsidiary’s operations, management, historical financial results, projected financial results and any other relevant matters and presenting such documentation and making recommendations with respect thereto to certain of our manager’s affiliates.

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Any fees received by our manager pursuant to such a transaction services agreement will be in addition to the management fee payable by our company pursuant to the management services agreement and will not offset the payment of such management fee. A transaction services agreement with any of our businesses may provide for the reimbursement of costs and expenses incurred by our manager in connection with the acquisition of such businesses.

Transaction services agreements will be reviewed, authorized and approved by our company’s board of directors on an annual basis.

Reimbursement of Expenses

Our company is responsible for paying costs and expenses relating to its business and operations. Our company agreed to reimburse our manager during the term of the management services agreement for all costs and expenses of our company that are incurred by our manager or its affiliates on behalf of our company, including any out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of services under the management services agreement, and all costs and expenses the reimbursement of which are specifically approved by our company’s board of directors.

Our company will not be obligated or responsible for reimbursing or otherwise paying for any costs or expenses relating to our manager’s overhead or any other costs and expenses relating to our manager’s conduct of its business and operations. Also, our company will not be obligated or responsible for reimbursing our manager for costs and expenses incurred by our manager in the identification, evaluation, management, performance of due diligence on, negotiation and oversight of potential acquisitions of new businesses for which our company (or our manager on behalf of our company) fails to submit an indication of interest or letter of intent to pursue such acquisition, including costs and expenses relating to travel, marketing and attendance of industry events and retention of outside service providers relating thereto. In addition, our company will not be obligated or responsible for reimbursing our manager for costs and expenses incurred by our manager in connection with the identification, evaluation, management, performance of due diligence on, negotiating and oversight of an acquisition by our company if such acquisition is actually consummated and the business so acquired entered into a transaction services agreement with our manager providing for the reimbursement of such costs and expenses by such business. In this respect, the costs and expenses associated with the pursuit of add-on acquisitions for our company may be reimbursed by any businesses so acquired pursuant to a transaction services agreement.

All reimbursements will be reviewed and, in certain circumstances, approved by our company’s board of directors on an annual basis in connection with the preparation of year-end financial statements.

Termination Fee

We will pay our manager a termination fee upon termination of the management services agreement if such termination is based solely on a vote of our company’s board of directors and our shareholders; no other termination fee will be payable to our manager in connection with the termination of the management services agreement for any other reason. The termination fee that is payable to our manager will be equal to the product of (i) two (2) multiplied by (ii) the sum of the amount of the quarterly management fees calculated with respect to the four fiscal quarters immediately preceding the termination date of the management services agreement. The termination fee will be payable in eight equal quarterly installments, with the first such installment being paid on or within five (5) business days of the last day of the fiscal quarter in which the management services agreement was terminated and each subsequent installment being paid on or within five (5) business days of the last day of each subsequent fiscal quarter, until such time as the termination fee is paid in full to our manager.

Our Manager as an Equity Holder

Manager’s Profit Allocation

Our manager owns 100% of the allocation shares of our company, which generally will entitle our manager to receive a 20% profit allocation as a form of preferred distribution. Upon the sale of a company subsidiary, our manager will be paid a profit allocation if the sum of (i) the excess of the gain on the sale of such subsidiary over a high water mark plus (ii) the subsidiary’s net income since its acquisition by our company exceeds the 8% hurdle rate. The 8% hurdle rate is the product of (i) a 2% rate per quarter, multiplied by (ii) the number of quarters such subsidiary was

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held by our company, multiplied by (iii) the subsidiary’s average share (determined based on gross assets, generally) of our consolidated net equity (determined according to GAAP with certain adjustments). In certain circumstances, after a subsidiary has been held for at least 5 years, our manager may also trigger a profit allocation with respect to such subsidiary (determined based solely on the subsidiary’s net income since its acquisition). The calculation of the profit allocation and the rights of our manager, as the holder of the allocation shares, are governed by the operating agreement.

Our board will have the opportunity to review and approve the calculation of manager’s profit allocation when it becomes due and payable. Our manager will not receive a profit allocation on an annual basis. Instead, our manager will be paid a profit allocation only upon the occurrence of one of the following events, which we refer to collectively as the trigger events:

• the sale of a material amount, as determined by our manager and reasonably consented to by a majority of our board of directors, of the capital stock or assets of one of our subsidiaries or a subsidiary of one of our subsidiaries, including a distribution of our ownership of a subsidiary to our shareholders in a spin-off or similar transaction, which event we refer to as a sale event; or

• at the option of our manager, for the 30-day period following the fifth anniversary of the date upon which we acquired a controlling interest in a business, which event we refer to as a holding event. If our manager elects to forego declaring a holding event with respect to such business during such period, then our manager may only declare a holding event with respect to such business during the 30-day period following each anniversary of such fifth anniversary date with respect to such business. Once declared, our manager may only declare another holding event with respect to a business following the fifth anniversary of the calculation date with respect to a previously declared holding event.

We believe this payment timing, rather than a method that provides for annual allocation payments, more accurately reflects the long-term performance of each of our businesses and is consistent with our intent to hold, manage and grow our businesses over the long term. We refer generally to the obligation to make this payment to our manager as the “profit allocation” and, specifically, to the amount of any particular profit allocation as the “manager’s profit allocation.”

Definitions used in, and an example of the calculation of profit allocation, are set forth in more detail below.

The amount of our manager’s profit allocation will be based on the extent to which the “total profit allocation amount” (as defined below) with respect to any business, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter in which a trigger event occurs, which date we refer to as the “calculation date”, exceeds the relevant hurdle amounts (as described below) with respect to such business, as of such calculation date. Our manager’s profit allocation will be calculated by an administrator, which will be our manager so long as the management services agreement is in effect, and such calculation will be subject to a review and approval process by our company’s board of directors. For this purpose, “total profit allocation amount” will be equal to, with respect to any business as of any calculation date, the sum of:

• the contribution-based profit (as described below) of such business as of such calculation date, which will be calculated upon the occurrence of any trigger event with respect to such business; plus

• the excess of the cumulative gains and losses of our company (as described below) over the high water mark (as described below) as of such calculation date, which will only be calculated upon the occurrence of a sale event with respect to such business, and not on a holding event (we generally expect this component to be the most significant component in calculating total profit allocation amount).

Specifically, manager’s profit allocation will be calculated and paid as follows:

• manager’s profit allocation will not be paid with respect to a trigger event relating to any business if the total profit allocation amount, as of any calculation date, with respect to such business does not exceed such business’ level 1 hurdle amount (based on an 8% annualized hurdle rate, as described below), as of such calculation date; and

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• manager’s profit allocation will be paid with respect to a trigger event relating to any business if the total profit allocation amount, as of any calculation date, with respect to such business exceeds such business’ level 1 hurdle amount, as of such calculation date. Our manager’s profit allocation to be paid with respect to such calculation date will be equal to the sum of the following:

• 100% of such business’ total profit allocation amount, as of such calculation date, with respect to that portion of the total profit allocation amount that exceeds such business’ level 1 hurdle amount (but is less than or equal to such business’ level 2 hurdle amount (which is based on a 10% annualized hurdle rate, as described below), in each case, as of such calculation date. We refer to this portion of the total profit allocation amount as the “catch-up.” The “catch-up” is intended to provide our manager with an overall profit allocation of 20% of the business’ total profit allocation amount until such business’ level 2 hurdle amount has been reached; plus

• 20% of the total profit allocation amount, as of such calculation date, that exceeds such business’ level 2 hurdle amount as of such calculation date; minus

• the high water mark allocation, if any, as of such calculation date. The effect of deducting the high water mark allocation is to take into account profit allocations our manager has already received in respect of past gains attributable to previous sale events.

The administrator will calculate our manager’s profit allocation on or promptly following the relevant calculation date, subject to a “true-up” calculation upon availability of audited or unaudited consolidated financial statements, as the case may be, of our company to the extent not available on such calculation date. Any adjustment necessitated by the true-up calculation will be made in connection with the next calculation of manager’s profit allocation. Because of the length of time that may pass between trigger events, there may be a significant delay in our company’s ability to realize the benefit, if any, of a true-up of our manager’s profit allocation.

Once calculated, the administrator will submit the calculation of our manager’s profit allocation, as adjusted pursuant to any true-up, to our board of directors for its review and approval. The board of directors will have ten business days to review and approve the calculation, which approval shall be automatic absent disapproval by the board of directors. Our manager’s profit allocation will be paid ten business days after such approval.

If the board of directors disapproves of the administrator’s calculation of manager’s profit allocation, the calculation and payment of manager’s profit allocation will be subject to a dispute resolution process, which may result in manager’s profit allocation being determined, at our company’s cost and expense, by two independent accounting firms. Any determination by such independent accounting firms will be conclusive and binding on our company and our manager.

We will also pay a tax distribution to our manager if our manager is allocated taxable income by our company but does not realize distributions from our company at least equal to the taxes payable by our manager resulting from allocations of taxable income. Any such tax distributions will be paid in a similar manner as profit allocations are paid.

For any fiscal quarter in which a trigger event occurs with respect to more than one business, the calculation of our manager’s profit allocation, including the components thereof, will be made with respect to each business in the order in which controlling interests in such businesses were acquired or obtained by our company and the resulting amounts shall be aggregated to determine the total amount of manager’s profit allocation. If controlling interests in two or more businesses were acquired at the same time and such businesses give rise to a calculation of manager’s profit allocation during the same fiscal quarter, then manager’s profit allocation will be further calculated separately for each such business in the order in which such businesses were sold.

As obligations of our company, profit allocations and tax distributions will be paid prior to the payment of distributions to our shareholders. If we do not have sufficient liquid assets to pay the profit allocations or tax distributions when due, we may be required to liquidate assets or incur debt in order to pay such profit allocation. Our manager will have the right to elect to defer the payment of our manager’s profit allocation due on any payment date. Once deferred, our manager may demand payment thereof upon 20 business days’ prior written notice.

Termination of the management services agreement, by any means, will not affect our manager’s rights with respect to the allocation shares that it owns, including its right to receive profit allocations, unless our manager exercises its put right to sell such allocation shares to our company.

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Example of Calculation of Manager’s Profit Allocation

Our manager will receive a profit allocation at the end of the fiscal quarter in which a trigger event occurs, as follows (all dollar amounts are in millions):

Assumptions

Year 1:

Acquisition of Company A

Acquisition of Company B

Year 4:

Company A (or assets thereof) sold for $25 capital gain (as defined below) over its net book value of assets at time of sale, which is a qualifying trigger event

Company A’s average allocated share of our consolidated net equity over its ownership is $50

Company A’s holding period in quarters is 12 (assuming that Company A is acquired on the first day of the year)

Company A’s contribution-based profit since acquisition is $5

Year 6:

Company B’s contribution-based profit since acquisition is $7

Company B’s average allocated share of our consolidated net equity over its ownership is $25

Company B’s holding period in quarters is 20

Company B’s cumulative gains and losses are $20

Manager elects to have holding period measured for purposes of profit allocation for Company B

Profit Allocation Calculation:		Year 4 A, due to sale		Year 6 B, due to 5 year hold
1	Contribution-based profit since acquisition for respective subsidiary	$	5	$	7
2	Gain/Loss on sale of company		25		0
3	Cumulative gains and losses		25		20
4	High water mark prior to transaction		0		20
5	Total Profit Allocation Amount (Line 1 + Line 3)		30		27
6	Business’ holding period in quarters since ownership or last measurement due to holding event		12		20
7	Business’ average allocated share of consolidated net equity		50		25
8	Business’ level 1 hurdle amount (2.00% * Line 6 * Line 7)		12		10
9	Business’ excess over level 1 hurdle amount (Line 5 – Line 8)		18		17
10	Business’ level 2 hurdle amount (125% * Line 8)		15		12.5
11	Allocated to manager as “catch-up” (Line 10 – Line 8)		3		2.5
12	Excess over level 2 hurdle amount (Line 9 – Line 11)		15		14.5
13	Allocated to manager from excess over level 2 hurdle amount (20% * Line 12)		3		2.9
14	Cumulative allocation to manager (Line 11 + Line 13)		6		5.4
15	High water mark allocation (20% * Line 4)		0		4
16	Manager’s Profit Allocation for Current Period (Line 14 – Line 15,> 0)	$	6	$	1.4

For purposes of calculating profit allocation:

• An entity’s “adjusted net assets” will be equal to, as of any date, the sum of (i) such entity’s consolidated total assets (as determined in accordance with GAAP) as of such date, plus (ii) the absolute amount of such entity’s consolidated accumulated amortization of intangibles (as determined in accordance with GAAP) as of such date, minus (iii) the absolute amount of such entity’s adjusted total liabilities as of such date.

• An entity’s “adjusted total liabilities” will be equal to, as of any date, such entity’s consolidated total liabilities (as determined in accordance with GAAP) as of such date after excluding the effect of any outstanding third-party indebtedness of such entity.

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• A business’ “allocated share of our company’s overhead” will be equal to, with respect to any measurement period as of any calculation date, the aggregate amount of such business’ quarterly share of our company’s overhead for each fiscal quarter ending during such measurement period.

• A business’ “average allocated share of our consolidated equity” will be equal to, with respect to any measurement period as of any calculation date, the average (i.e., arithmetic mean) of a business’ quarterly allocated share of our consolidated equity for each fiscal quarter ending during such measurement period.

• “Capital gains” (i) means, with respect to any entity, capital gains (as determined in accordance with GAAP) that are calculated with respect to the sale of capital stock or assets of such entity and which sale gave rise to a sale event and the calculation of profit allocation and (ii) will be equal to the amount, adjusted for minority interests, by which (x) the net sales price of such capital stock or assets, as the case may be, exceeded (y) the net book value (as determined in accordance with GAAP) of such capital stock or assets, as the case may be, at the time of such sale, as reflected on our company’s consolidated balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP; provided, that such amount shall not be less than zero.

• “Capital losses” (i) means, with respect to any entity, capital losses (as determined in accordance with GAAP) that are calculated with respect to the sale of capital stock or assets of such entity and which sale gave rise to a sale event and the calculation of profit allocation and (ii) will be equal to the amount, adjusted for minority interests, by which (x) the net book value (as determined in accordance with GAAP) of such capital stock or assets, as the case may be, at the time of such sale, as reflected on our consolidated balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP, exceeded (y) the net sales price of such capital stock or assets, as the case may be; provided, that such absolute amount thereof shall not be less than zero.

• Our “consolidated net equity” will be equal to, as of any date, the sum of (i) our consolidated total assets (as determined in accordance with GAAP) as of such date, plus (ii) the aggregate amount of asset impairments (as determined in accordance with GAAP) that were taken relating to any businesses owned by us as of such date, plus (iii) our consolidated accumulated amortization of intangibles (as determined in accordance with GAAP), as of such date minus (iv) our consolidated total liabilities (as determined in accordance with GAAP) as of such date.

• A business’ “contribution-based profits” will be equal to, for any measurement period as of any calculation date, the sum of (i) the aggregate amount of such business’ net income (as determined in accordance with GAAP and as adjusted for minority interests) with respect to such measurement period (without giving effect to (x) any capital gains or capital losses realized by such business that arise with respect to the sale of capital stock or assets held by such business and which sale gave rise to a sale event and the calculation of profit allocation or (y) any expense attributable to the accrual or payment of any amount of profit allocation or any amount arising under the supplemental put agreement, in each case, to the extent included in the calculation of such business’ net income), plus (ii) the absolute aggregate amount of such business’ loan expense with respect to such measurement period, minus (iii) the absolute aggregate amount of such business’ allocated share of our company’s overhead with respect to such measurement period.

• Our “cumulative capital gains” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, the aggregate amount of capital gains realized by our company as of such calculation date, after giving effect to any capital gains realized by our company on such calculation date, since its inception.

• Our “cumulative capital losses” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, the aggregate amount of capital losses realized by our company as of such calculation date, after giving effect to any capital losses realized by our company on such calculation date, since its inception.

• Our “cumulative gains and losses” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, the sum of (i) the amount of cumulative capital gains as of such calculation date, minus (ii) the absolute amount of cumulative capital losses as of such calculation date.

• The “high water mark” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, the highest positive amount of capital gains and losses as of such calculation date that were calculated in connection with a qualifying trigger event that occurred prior to such calculation date.

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• The “high water mark allocation” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, the product of (i) the amount of the high water mark as of such calculation date, multiplied by (ii) 20%.

• A business’ “level 1 hurdle amount” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, the product of (i) (x) the quarterly hurdle rate of 2.00% (8% annualized), multiplied by (y) the number of fiscal quarters ending during such business’ measurement period as of such calculation date, multiplied by (ii) a business’ average allocated share of our consolidated equity for each fiscal quarter ending during such measurement period.

• A business’ “level 2 hurdle amount” will be equal to, as of any calculation date, the product of (i) (x) the quarterly hurdle rate of 2.5% (10% annualized, which is 125% of the 8% annualized hurdle rate), multiplied by (y) the number of fiscal quarters ending during such business’ measurement period as of such calculation date, multiplied by (ii) a business’ average allocated share of our consolidated equity for each fiscal quarter ending during such measurement period.

• A business’ “loan expense” will be equal to, with respect to any measurement period as of any calculation date, the aggregate amount of all interest or other expenses paid by such business with respect to indebtedness of such business to either our company or other company businesses with respect to such measurement period.

• The “measurement period” will mean, with respect to any business as of any calculation date, the period from and including the later of (i) the date upon which we acquired a controlling interest in such business and (ii) the immediately preceding calculation date as of which contribution-based profits were calculated with respect to such business and with respect to which profit allocation were paid (or, at the election of the allocation member, deferred) by our company up to and including such calculation date.

• Our company’s “overhead” will be equal to, with respect to any fiscal quarter, the sum of (i) that portion of our operating expenses (as determined in accordance with GAAP) (without giving effect to any expense attributable to the accrual or payment of any amount of profit allocation or any amount arising under the supplemental put agreement to the extent included in the calculation of our operating expenses), including any management fees actually paid by our company to our manager, with respect to such fiscal quarter that are not attributable to any of the businesses owned by our company (i.e., operating expenses that do not correspond to operating expenses of such businesses with respect to such fiscal quarter), plus (ii) our accrued interest expense (as determined in accordance with GAAP) on any outstanding third party indebtedness of our company with respect to such fiscal quarter, minus (iii) revenue, interest income and other income reflected in our unconsolidated financial statements as prepared in accordance with GAAP.

• A “qualifying trigger event” will mean, with respect to any business, a trigger event that gave rise to a calculation of total profit allocation with respect to such business as of any calculation date and (ii) where the amount of total profit allocation so calculated as of such calculation date exceeded such business’ level 2 hurdle amount as of such calculation date.

• A business’ “quarterly allocated share of our consolidated equity” will be equal to, with respect to any fiscal quarter, the product of (i) our consolidated net equity as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, multiplied by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is such business’ adjusted net assets as of the last day of such fiscal quarter and the denominator of which is the sum of (x) our adjusted net assets as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, minus (y) the aggregate amount of any cash and cash equivalents as such amount is reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as prepared in accordance with GAAP that is not taken into account in the calculation of any business’ adjusted net assets as of the last day of such fiscal quarter.

• A business’ “quarterly share of our company’s overhead” will be equal to, with respect to any fiscal quarter, the product of (i) the absolute amount of our company’s overhead with respect to such fiscal quarter, multiplied by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is such business’ adjusted net assets as of the last day of such fiscal quarter and the denominator of which is our adjusted net assets as of the last day of such fiscal quarter.

• An entity’s “third party indebtedness” means any indebtedness of such entity owed to any third party lenders that are not affiliated with such entity.

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Supplemental Put Provision

In addition to the provisions discussed above, in consideration of our manager’s acquisition of the allocation shares, our operating agreement contains a supplemental put provision pursuant to which our manager will have the right to cause our company to purchase the allocation shares then owned by our manager upon termination of the management services agreement.

If the management services agreement is terminated at any time or our manager resigns, then our manager will have the right, but not the obligation, for one year from the date of such termination or resignation, as the case may be, to elect to cause our company to purchase all of the allocation shares then owned by our manager for the put price as of the put exercise date.

For purposes of this provision, the “put price” is equal to, as of any exercise date, (i) if we terminate the management services agreement, the sum of two separate, independently made calculations of the aggregate amount of manager’s profit allocation as of such exercise date or (ii) if our manager resigns, the average of two separate, independently made calculations of the aggregate amount of manager’s profit allocation as of such exercise date, in each case, calculated assuming that (x) all of the businesses are sold in an orderly fashion for fair market value as of such exercise date in the order in which the controlling interest in each business was acquired or otherwise obtained by our company, (y) the last day of the fiscal quarter ending immediately prior to such exercise date is the relevant calculation date for purposes of calculating manager’s profit allocation as of such exercise date. Each of the two separate, independently made calculations of our manager’s profit allocation for purposes of calculating the put price will be performed by a different investment bank that is engaged by our company at its cost and expense. The put price will be adjusted to account for a final “true-up” of our manager’s profit allocation.

Our manager and our company can mutually agree to permit our company to issue a note in lieu of payment of the put price when due; provided, that if our manager resigns and terminates the management services agreement, then our company will have the right, in its sole discretion, to issue a note in lieu of payment of the put price when due. In either case the note would have an aggregate principal amount equal to the put price, would bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 4.0% per annum, would mature on the first anniversary of the date upon which the put price was initially due, and would be secured by the then-highest priority lien available to be placed on our equity interests in each of our businesses.

Our obligations under the put provision of our operating agreement are absolute and unconditional. In addition, our company will be subject to certain obligations and restrictions upon exercise of our manager’s put right until such time as our company’s obligations under the put provision of our operating agreement, including any related note, have been satisfied in full, including:

• subject to our company’s right to issue a note in the circumstances described above, our company must use commercially reasonable efforts to raise sufficient debt or equity financing to permit our company to pay the put price or note when due and obtain approvals, waivers and consents or otherwise remove any restrictions imposed under contractual obligations or applicable law or regulations that have the effect of limiting or prohibiting our company from satisfying its obligations under the supplemental put agreement or note;

• our manager will have the right to have a representative observe meetings of our company’s board of directors and have the right to receive copies of all documents and other information furnished to the board of directors;

• our company and its businesses will be restricted in their ability to sell or otherwise dispose of their property or assets or any businesses they own and in their ability to incur indebtedness (other than in the ordinary course of business) without granting a lien on the proceeds therefrom to our manager, which lien will secure our company’s obligations under the put provision of our operating agreement or note; and

• our company will be restricted in its ability to (i) engage in certain mergers or consolidations, (ii) sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or a substantial part of its business, property or assets or all or a substantial portion of the stock or beneficial ownership of its businesses or a portion thereof, (iii) liquidate, wind-up or dissolve, (iv) acquire or purchase the property, assets, stock or beneficial ownership or another person, or (v) declare and pay distributions to our common shareholders.

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We have also agreed to indemnify our manager for any losses or liabilities it incurs or suffers in connection with, arising out of or relating to its exercise of its put right or any enforcement of terms and conditions of the supplemental put provision of our operating agreement.

As an obligation of our company, the put price will be paid prior to the payment of distributions to our shareholders. If we do not have sufficient liquid assets to pay the put price when due, we may be required to liquidate assets or incur debt in order to pay the put price.

Termination of the management services agreement, by any means, will not affect our manager’s rights with respect to the allocation shares that it owns. In this regard, our manager will retain its put right and its allocation shares after ceasing to serve as our manager. As a result, if we terminate our manager, regardless of the reason for such termination, it would retain the right to exercise the put right and demand payment of the put price.

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BUSINESS

Overview

Market Opportunity

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We believe that the following factors contribute to lower acquisition multiples for small businesses:

• there are typically fewer potential acquirers for these businesses;

• third-party financing generally is less available for these acquisitions;

• sellers of these businesses may consider non-economic factors, such as continuing board membership or the effect of the sale on their employees; and

• these businesses are generally less frequently sold pursuant to an auction process.

Our Strategy

Unlike buyers of small businesses that rely on significant leverage to consummate acquisitions (as demonstrated by the data broken down by total enterprise value, or TEV, below), we plan to limit the use of third party (i.e., external) acquisition leverage so that our debt will not exceed the market value of the assets we acquire and so that our debt to EBITDA ratio will not exceed 1.25x to 1 for our operating subsidiaries. We believe that limiting leverage in this manner will avoid the imposition on stringent lender controls on our operations that would otherwise potentially hamper the growth of our operating subsidiaries and otherwise harm our business even during times when we have positive operating cash flows. Additionally, in our experience, leverage rarely leads to “break-out” returns and often creates negative return outcomes that are not correlated with the profitability of the business.

Source: GF Data Leverage Report (February 2021)

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Source: GF Data Leverage Report (February 2021)

Management Strategy