485APOS 1 easeries_485apos.htm 485APOS

 

As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2023

 

File No. 333-195493

File No. 811-22961

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM N-1A

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
  Pre-Effective Amendment No. ____
  Post-Effective Amendment No. 217
   
and/or
   
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
  Amendment No. 220

 

EA Series Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

19 East Eagle Road

Havertown, PA 19083

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)

 

(215) 882-9983

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

 

John R. Vogel

19 East Eagle Road

Havertown, PA 19083

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copy to:

Karen Aspinall, Esq.

Practus, LLP

11300 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Suite 310

Leawood, Kansas 66211

 

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practical after the effective date of this Registration Statement

 

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective

 

  immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
  on ________________ pursuant to paragraph (b)
  60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
  on ________________ pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
  75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
  on ________________ pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

 

If appropriate, check the following box

 

  this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Strive Total Return Bond ETF

Ticker Symbol: [  ]

 

Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF

Ticker Symbol: [  ]

 

 

Each listed on [  ]

 

 

(each a series of EA Series Trust)

 

 

Prospectus

 

[  ], 2023

 

 

These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

Strive Total Return Bond ETF   1
Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF   11
Additional Information About The Fund   21
How is the Fund Different from A Mutual Fund?   21
Additional Information about the Funds’ Investment Objectives and Strategies   21
Additional Information about the Funds’ Risks   24
Fund Management   35
Portfolio Manager   37
Approval of Advisory Agreements   37
Other Service Providers   38
The Exchange   38
Buying and Selling Fund Shares   38
Buying and Selling Shares on the Secondary Market   39
Active Investors and Market Timing   40
Distribution and Service Plan   40
Net Asset Value   41
Fund Website and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings   42
Investments by Other Investment Companies   42
Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes   42
Financial Highlights   45

 

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Strive Total Return Bond ETF

 

Fund Summary

 

 

Investment Objective

 

The Strive Total Return Bond ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to maximize total return.

 

Fees And Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fee     0.[ ] %
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees     None  
Other Expenses1     0.00 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses     0.[ ] %

 

1 Other Expenses are estimated for the current fiscal year.

 

Example

 

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same. You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the example. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  One Year: Three Years:  
  $[ ] $[ ]  

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund may pay transaction costs, including commissions when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not yet commenced operations and therefore portfolio turnover data is not available.

 

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PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

 

The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that under normal conditions, invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in a portfolio of bonds of varying maturities. The Fund’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental and may be changed upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

 

For purposes of this 80% Policy, the Fund will invest in a wide range of “bonds,” including agency and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”), including securities or securitizations backed by assets such as credit card receivables, student loans, automobile loans, and residential and commercial real estate, and other debt securitizations (collectively, “Structured Products”), mortgage loans, secured and unsecured consumer loans, commercial loans and pools of such loans (collectively, “Loans”), corporate debt, including bank-issued subordinated debt (which includes subordinated debt issued by community banks), municipal securities, U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities, and derivative instruments that invest substantially all of their assets in, are linked to, or otherwise provide investment exposure to, bonds.

 

The Fund will concentrate its investments in agency and non-agency RMBS and CMBS and mortgage loans (“Mortgage Related Instruments”). This means that, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its assets in Mortgage Related Instruments (measured at the time of purchase). The Fund will not concentrate its investments in any other group of industries. The Fund’s policy to concentrate its investments in Mortgage Related Instruments is fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval.

 

The Fund may invest, without limitation, in bonds of any quality and maturity. The fixed income instruments in which the Fund invests may include those of issuers from the United States and other countries, without limitation. The Fund’s investments in foreign debt securities will typically be denominated in U.S. dollars.

 

The Fund’s average portfolio duration is expected to vary from two to nine years. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s price sensitivity to changes in yields or interest rates factoring in any embedded options. A fund with a higher effective duration will, under normal circumstances, have a greater sensitivity to interest rates. For example, if a portfolio has a duration of one year, and interest rates increase (or, conversely, decrease) by 2%, the portfolio would decline (or increase, respectively) in value by approximately 2%. However, duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of instruments held by the Fund and, therefore, the Fund’s exposure to changes in interest rates.

 

The Fund may invest up to 30% of its assets in high yield securities (“junk bonds”). High yield securities will be rated BB+ or lower by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or will be of an equivalent quality rating from another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization. If a bond is unrated, Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (“Angel Oak”) may determine whether it is of comparable quality and therefore eligible for the Fund’s investment.

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in investments that are deemed to be illiquid, which may include private placements, certain Rule 144A securities (which are subject to resale restrictions), and securities of issuers that are bankrupt or in default.

 

The Fund may invest in other investment companies, including closed-end investment companies and open-end investment companies, which may operate as traditional mutual funds, ETFs or business development companies (“BDCs”).

 

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In pursuing its investment objective or for hedging purposes, the Fund may utilize borrowing and may also invest, without limitation, in derivatives instruments such as options, futures contracts, or swap agreements or in mortgage-backed securities (TBAs). These derivatives may be traded over the counter or on an exchange and may be used for speculative purposes, currency hedging, duration management or to pursue the Fund’s investment objective. The Fund may borrow to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, which generally means that the Fund may borrow up to one-third of its total assets. The Fund may also invest in repurchase agreements and borrow through reverse repurchase agreements.

 

The Fund will be considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund.

 

Empowered Funds, LLC, dba EA Advisers (the “Adviser”), serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser oversees the day-to-day affairs of the Fund.

 

Strive Asset Management, LLC (“Strive”), serves as a sub-adviser to the Fund. As a sub-adviser, Strive is responsible for determining the Fund’s sector allocations within the Fund’s investment strategy. Strive will also determine the Fund’s duration and curve positioning. The Fund’s allocation of its assets into various asset classes within its investment strategy will depend on the views of Strive as to the best value relative to what is currently presented in the marketplace. Strive’s portfolio management determinations will be based on market conditions, fundamentals, technicals, interest rate and total return scenario analysis, monetary and fiscal conditions, FOMC outlook, macroeconomics, market liquidity, and geopolitical risks – with a goal of maximizing risk-adjusted returns without regard to any non-pecuniary factors.

 

Angel Oak is also a sub-adviser to the Fund. Angel Oak is responsible for implementing Strive’s sector allocations and duration target by selecting investments and executing Fund transactions in accordance with such sector allocation and duration targets, subject to the investment objective, policies and limitations of the Fund. Angel Oak and Strive are referred to herein as the “Sub-Advisers.”

 

Angel Oak’s investment decisions are made based on fundamental research and analysis to identify issuers with the ability to improve their credit profile over time with attractive valuations, resulting in both income and potential capital appreciation. In selecting investments, including Structured Products, Angel Oak may consider maturity, yield and ratings information and opportunities for price appreciation among other criteria. Angel Oak also analyzes a variety of factors when selecting investments for the Fund, such as collateral quality, credit support, structure and market conditions. Angel Oak attempts to diversify risks that arise from position sizes, geography, ratings, duration, deal structure and collateral values. Angel Oak seeks to limit risk of principal by targeting assets that it considers undervalued.

 

Principal Risks

 

An investment in the Fund involves risk, including those described below. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. An investor may lose money by investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. More complete risk descriptions are set forth below under the heading “Additional Information About the Funds’ Risks”.

 

Debt Securities Risks.

 

Credit Risk. The financial condition of an issuer of a debt security or other instrument may cause such issuer to default, become unable to pay interest or principal due or otherwise fail to honor its obligations or cause such issuer to be perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as being in such situations. The value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning in response to issuer defaults, changes in the credit ratings of the Fund’s portfolio investments and/or perceptions related thereto.

 

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Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities will decline in value because of an increase in interest rates and changes to other factors, such as perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness. Funds with higher durations generally are subject to greater interest rate risk. For example, the price of a security with a seven-year duration would be expected to drop by approximately 7% in response to a 1% increase in interest rates.

 

Prepayment Risk. The risk that the issuer of a debt security repays all or a portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity. In times of declining interest rates, there is a greater likelihood that the Fund’s higher yielding securities will be pre-paid with the Fund being unable to reinvest the proceeds in an investment with as favorable a yield. Prepayments can therefore result in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund.

 

Extension Risk. An issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Fund (such as a mortgage-backed security) later than expected. This may happen when there is a rise in interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of the obligation will decrease, and the Fund will also suffer from the inability to reinvest in higher yielding securities.

 

Issuer-Specific Changes. Changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular type of security or issuer, and changes in general economic or political conditions can increase the risk of default by an issuer or counterparty, which can affect a security’s or instrument’s credit quality or value. Entities providing credit support or a maturity-shortening structure also can be affected by these types of changes, and if the structure of a security fails to function as intended, the security could decline in value.

 

Mortgage-Backed and Asset Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of mortgages or other assets, including consumer loans or receivables held in trust. Mortgage-backed securities are subject to “prepayment risk” (the risk that borrowers will repay a loan more quickly in periods of falling interest rates) and “extension risk” (the risk that borrowers will repay a loan more slowly in periods of rising interest rates). If the Fund invests in mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities that are subordinated to other interests in the same pool, the Fund may only receive payments after the pool’s obligations to other investors have been satisfied. An unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the assets held by a pool may limit substantially the pool’s ability to make payments of principal or interest to the Fund, reducing the values of those securities or in some cases rendering them worthless. The Fund’s investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-backed securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets.

 

To-Be-Announced (“TBA”) Transactions Risk. TBA purchase commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the securities to be purchased declines prior to settlement date or if the counterparty may not deliver the securities as promised. Selling a TBA involves a risk of loss if the value of the securities to be sold goes up prior to settlement date. TBA transactions involve counterparty risk. Default or bankruptcy of a counterparty to a TBA transaction would expose the Fund to potential loss and could affect the Fund’s returns.

 

Dollar Roll Transaction Risk. The Fund may enter into dollar roll transactions, in which the Fund sells a mortgage-backed or other security for settlement on one date and buys back a substantially similar security for settlement at a later date. Dollar rolls involve a risk of loss if the market value of the securities that the Fund is committed to buy declines below the price of the securities the Fund has sold.

 

Derivatives Risk. The risk of investing in derivative instruments (such as futures, swaps and structured securities), including leverage, liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks, and valuation complexity. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with, and may be more sensitive to market events than, the underlying asset, rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the initial amount invested. The Fund’s use of derivatives may result in losses to the Fund, a reduction in the Fund’s returns and/or increased volatility. Over the counter (“OTC”) derivatives are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available for OTC derivatives. The primary credit risk on derivatives that are exchange-traded or traded through a central clearing counterparty resides with the Fund’s clearing broker or the clearinghouse. Changes in regulation relating to a mutual fund’s use of derivatives and related instruments could potentially limit or impact the Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives, limit the Fund’s ability to employ certain strategies that use derivatives and/or adversely affect the value of derivatives and the Fund’s performance.

 

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LIBOR Transition Risk. The risk related to the anticipated discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). Certain instruments held by the Fund rely in some fashion upon LIBOR. Although the transition process away from LIBOR has become increasingly well-defined in advance of the anticipated discontinuation date, there remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate, and any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on certain instruments in which the Fund invests can be difficult to ascertain. The transition process may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR and may result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund.

 

Structured Products Risk. The Fund may invest in Structured Products, including CLOs, CDOs, CMOs, and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations. Some Structured Products have credit ratings, but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. Normally, Structured Products are privately offered and sold (that is, they are not registered under the securities laws) and may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities; however, an active dealer market may exist for Structured Products that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. The senior and junior tranches of Structured Products may have floating or variable interest rates based on LIBOR and are subject to the risks associated with securities tied to LIBOR, including the risks associated with the future replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate. The Fund may also invest in the equity tranches of a Structured Product, which typically represent the first loss position in the Structured Product, are unrated and are subject to higher risks. Equity tranches of Structured Products typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on equity tranches will be based on the income received from the underlying collateral and the payments made to the senior tranches, both of which may be based on floating rates based on LIBOR.

 

Currency Risk: The risk that non-U.S. currencies will change in value relative to the U.S. dollar and affect the Fund’s investments in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, non-U.S. currencies.

 

Hedging Risk. A hedge is an investment made in order to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in a security, (including currencies), by taking an offsetting position in a related instrument or basket of instruments (often a derivative, such as an option or a short sale). While hedging strategies can be very useful and inexpensive ways of reducing risk, they are sometimes ineffective due to unexpected changes in the market. Hedging also involves the risk that changes in the value of the related instrument or basket of securities will not match those of the instruments being hedged as expected, in which case any losses on the instruments being hedged may not be reduced.

 

Defaulted Securities Risk. Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers, including securities that are, or may be, involved in reorganizations or other financial restructurings, either out of court or in bankruptcy, involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in high-yield debt securities. The fund’s share price may decline if the reorganization or restructuring is not completed as anticipated. The fund will generally not receive interest payments on the distressed securities and may incur costs to protect its investment. Repayment of defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers is subject to significant uncertainties. The fund could lose its entire investment in such securities.

 

Municipal Securities Risk. Litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on the ability of an issuer of municipal securities to make payments of principal and/or interest. Political changes and uncertainties in the municipal market related to taxation, legislative changes or the rights of municipal security holders can significantly affect municipal securities. Because many securities are issued to finance similar projects, especially those relating to education, health care, transportation and utilities, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. In addition, changes in the financial condition of an individual municipal issuer can affect the overall municipal market. If the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) determines that an issuer of a municipal security has not complied with applicable tax requirements, interest from the security could become taxable and the security could decline significantly in value.

 

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Investment Risk. When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. The Fund could lose money due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during market downturns. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular asset classes or industries represented in the markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions, economic trends or events that are not specifically related to the issuer of the security or to factors that affect a particular industry or group of industries. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

U.S. Government Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to relevant Underlying Funds and, in turn, the Funds.

 

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and the Sub-Advisers’ ability to choose suitable investments and implement the strategies described above has a significant impact on the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives. In addition, there is the risk that the investment process, techniques and analyses used by the Sub-Advisers will not produce the desired investment results and the Fund may lose value as a result.

 

High-Yield Debt Securities (Junk Bonds) Risk. High-yield securities (also known as “junk bonds”) carry a greater degree of risk and are considered speculative by the major credit rating agencies. High-yield securities may be issued by companies that are restructuring, are smaller and less creditworthy, or are more highly indebted than other companies. This means that they may have more difficulty making scheduled payments of principal and interest. Changes in the value of high-yield securities are influenced more by changes in the financial and business position of the issuing company than by changes in interest rates when compared to investment grade securities. High-yield securities have greater volatility because there is less certainty that principal and interest payments will be made as scheduled. The Fund’s investments in high-yield securities expose it to a substantial degree of credit risk. These investments are considered speculative under traditional investment standards. Prices of high-yield securities will rise and fall primarily in response to actual or perceived changes in the issuer’s financial health, although changes in market interest rates also will affect prices. High-yield securities may experience reduced liquidity and sudden and substantial decreases in price.

 

Foreign Fixed-Income Investment Risk. Investments in fixed-income securities of non-U.S. issuers are subject to the same risks as other debt securities, notably credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk, while also facing risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. For example, foreign securities may have relatively low market liquidity, greater market volatility, decreased publicly available information, and less reliable financial information about issuers, and inconsistent and potentially less stringent accounting, auditing and financial reporting requirements and standards of practice, including recordkeeping standards, comparable to those applicable to domestic issuers. Foreign securities also are subject to the risks of expropriation, nationalization, political instability or other adverse political or economic developments and the difficulty of enforcing obligations in other countries. Investments in foreign securities also may be subject to dividend withholding or confiscatory taxes, currency blockage and/or transfer restrictions and higher transactional costs.

 

Financial Services Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, changes in government regulations, economic conditions, and interest rates, credit rating downgrades, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. The impact of changes in capital requirements and recent or future regulation of any individual financial company, or of the financials sector as a whole, cannot be predicted. In recent years, cyberattacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have caused significant losses to companies in this sector, which may negatively impact the Fund.

 

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Illiquid Investments Risk. The Fund may, at times, hold illiquid investments, by virtue of the absence of a readily available market for certain of its investments, or because of legal or contractual restrictions on sales. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time or price that is most beneficial to the Fund.

 

Repurchase Agreement Risk. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of fixed-income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank or broker-dealer. The Fund may incur a loss if the other party to a repurchase agreement is unwilling or unable to fulfill its contractual obligations to repurchase the underlying security.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk. A reverse repurchase agreement is the sale by the Fund of a debt obligation to a party for a specified price, with the simultaneous agreement by the Fund to repurchase that debt obligation from that party on a future date at a higher price. Similar to borrowing, reverse repurchase agreements provide the Fund with cash for investment purposes, which creates leverage and subjects the Fund to the risks of leverage. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and/or if the value of collateral held by the Fund, including the value of the investments made with cash collateral, is less than the value of securities.

 

Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. Floating or variable rate securities pay interest at rates that adjust in response to changes in a specified interest rate or reset at predetermined dates (such as the end of a calendar quarter). Securities with floating or variable interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. Inverse floating rate securities may decrease in value if interest rates increase. Inverse floating rate securities may also exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation with similar credit quality. When a Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the NAV of the Fund’s shares.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Markets may become illiquid when, for example, there are few, if any, interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for particular securities. As a general matter, dealers recently have been less willing to make markets for fixed income securities. The Fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the return of the Fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Investments in foreign securities, derivatives (e.g., options on securities, securities indexes, and foreign currencies) and securities with substantial market or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value.

 

Real Estate Sector Risk. The risk that real estate-related investments may decline in value as a result of factors affecting the real estate sector, such as the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes, levels of occupancy, and local, regional, and general market conditions.

 

Borrowing and Leverage Risk. Borrowing for investment purposes creates leverage, which will exaggerate the effect of any change in the value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio on the Fund’s net asset value and, therefore, may increase the volatility of the Fund. Money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (including commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances). Unless the income and capital appreciation, if any, on securities acquired with borrowed funds exceed the cost of borrowing, the use of leverage will diminish the investment performance of the Fund.

 

Rating Agencies Risk. Rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities they grade.

 

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Concentration in Mortgage Loans, RMBS and CMBS Risk. The Fund’s assets will be concentrated in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and non-agency) and CMBS, potentially exposing the Fund to greater risks than companies that invest in multiple sectors. The risks of concentrating in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and non-agency) and CMBS include susceptibility to changes in interest rates and the risks associated with the market’s perception of issuers, the creditworthiness of the parties involved and investing in real estate securities.

 

ETF Risks.

 

  Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Fund Shares may trade at a material discount to net asset value (“NAV”) and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

  Premium-Discount Risk. The Shares may trade above or below their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on [ ] (“Exchange”) or other securities exchanges. The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility or limited trading activity in Shares.

 

  Cost of Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price that an investor is willing to pay for Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Fund’s Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if the Fund’s Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads.

 

  Trading Risk. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of its underlying portfolio holdings, which can be less liquid than the Fund’s Shares, potentially causing the market price of the Fund’s Shares to deviate from its NAV.

 

Cash Creation Unit Risk. Unlike most other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect a substantial portion of its creations and redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind securities (although redemptions will also be done in-kind under certain circumstances). The use of cash creations and redemptions may also cause the Fund’s shares to trade in the market at greater bid-ask spreads or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV. As a practical matter, only institutions and large investors, such as market makers or other large broker dealers, also known as “authorized participants,” create or redeem shares directly through the Fund. Most investors will buy and sell shares of the Fund on an exchange through a broker-dealer. Cash creation and redemption transactions may result in certain brokerage, tax, execution, price movement and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transactions. To offset these expenses, the Fund will collect fees from the applicable authorized participant to reimburse the Fund for any costs incurred by the Fund that result from a cash creation or redemption. The use of cash for redemptions will limit the tax efficiency of the Fund.

 

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Large Shareholder and Large-Scale Redemption Risk. Certain shareholders, including an Authorized Participant, a third-party investor, a market maker, or another entity, may from time to time own or manage a substantial amount of Fund shares, or may invest in the Fund and hold its investment for a limited period of time. There can be no assurance that any large shareholder or large group of shareholders would not redeem their investment. Redemptions of a large number of Fund shares could require the Fund to dispose of assets to meet the redemption requests, which can accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or capital gains and cause the Fund to make taxable distributions to its shareholders earlier than the Fund otherwise would have. In addition, under certain circumstances, non-redeeming shareholders may be treated as receiving a disproportionately large taxable distribution during or with respect to such year.

 

Underlying Fund Risk. Because the Fund may invest in other investment companies, including but not limited to BDCs and ETFs (collectively, “Underlying Funds”), the Fund’s investment performance may depend on the investment performance of the Underlying Funds. An investment in the Fund is subject to the risks associated with the Underlying Funds in which the Fund invests. The Fund will indirectly pay a proportional share of the expenses of Underlying Funds in which it invests (which may include operating expenses and management fees). Some Underlying Funds may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement,” which must be met in order for each Fund to maintain its status as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If one or more Underlying Funds generates more non-qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement” than the Fund’s portfolio management expects, it could cause the Fund to inadvertently fail the “Income Requirement” thereby causing the Fund to inadvertently fail to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors have no track record or history on which to base their investment decision. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s Shares and greater risk of loss.

 

Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risk. The Fund’s investments are subject to geopolitical and natural disaster risks, such as war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters, epidemics and/or pandemics, which may add to instability in world economies and volatility in markets. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

 

PERFORMANCE

 

Performance information is not provided below because the Fund has not yet been in operation for a full calendar year. When provided, the information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with a broad measure of market performance. Past performance does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.strivefunds.com or by calling the Fund at (215) 882-9983.

 

Investment Adviser and Investment Sub-Advisers

 

Investment Adviser: Empowered Funds, LLC dba EA Advisers (“Adviser”)
Investment Sub-Adviser: Strive Asset Management, LLC (“Strive”)
Investment Sub-Adviser: Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (“Angel Oak”)

 

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Portfolio Managers

 

Matthew Cole, Portfolio Manager of Strive, has been primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund since its inception.

 

Sam Dunlap, CIO, Public Strategies, Clayton Triick, Senior Portfolio Manager, Colin McBurnette, Senior Portfolio Manager and Ward Bortz, ETF Portfolio Manager of Angel Oak, each have been primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund since its inception.

 

Summary Information about Purchases, Sales, Taxes, and Financial Intermediary Compensation

 

Purchase And Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically [50,000] Shares, called “Creation Units,” and only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem Creation Units. Creation Units generally are issued for cash and redeemed ‘in-kind’ for securities and/or in cash. Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers. Once created, individual Shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day. Market prices of Shares may be greater or less than their NAV. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund’s shares are not redeemable securities.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gain, or some combination of both, unless your investment is in an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. However, subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged account may be subject to federal income tax. You should consult your tax advisor about your specific tax situation.

 

Purchases Through Broker-Dealers And Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF

 

Fund Summary

 

 

Investment Objective

 

The Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to provide current income while seeking to minimize price volatility and maintain liquidity.

 

Fees And Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fee     0.[ ] %
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees     None  
Other Expenses1     0.00 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses     0.[ ] %

 

1 Other Expenses are estimated for the current fiscal year.

 

Example

 

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same. You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the example. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  One Year: Three Years:  
  $[ ] $[ ]  

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund may pay transaction costs, including commissions when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not yet commenced operations and portfolio turnover data therefore is not available.

 

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PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

 

The Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that, using an enhanced cash strategy, seeks to achieve its investment objective, under normal circumstances, by investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S.-dollar denominated investment-grade fixed- and floating-rate bonds, and debt securities with an overall effective duration of less than one year, although the Fund may invest in securities of any duration or maturity. Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s price sensitivity to changes in yields or interest rates and a fund with a higher effective duration will, under normal circumstances, have a greater sensitivity to interest rates. For example, if a portfolio has a duration of one year, and interest rates increase (or, conversely, decrease) by 2%, the portfolio would decline (or increase, respectively) in value by approximately 2%. However, duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of instruments held by the Fund and, therefore, the Fund’s exposure to changes in interest rates.

 

The Fund invests primarily in agency and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”), including securities or securitizations backed by assets such as credit card receivables, student loans, automobile loans, and residential and commercial real estate, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), and other debt securitizations (collectively, “Structured Products”), corporate debt and other debt securities, and U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in CLOs.

 

The Fund may invest in other investment companies, including closed-end investment companies and open-end investment companies, which may operate as traditional mutual funds, ETFs or business development companies (“BDCs”).

 

The Fund will concentrate its investments in agency and non-agency RMBS and CMBS and mortgage loans (“Mortgage Related Instruments”). This means that, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its assets in Mortgage Related Instruments (measured at the time of purchase). The Fund will not concentrate its investments in any other group of industries. The Fund’s policy to concentrate its investments in Mortgage Related Instruments is fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval.

 

In pursuing its investment objective or for hedging purposes, the Fund may utilize borrowing and may also invest, without limitation, in derivatives instruments, including structured products, such as options, futures contracts, or swap agreements or in mortgage-backed securities (TBAs). These derivatives may be traded over-the-counter or on an exchange and may be used for speculative purposes, currency hedging, duration management or to pursue the Fund’s investment objective. The Fund may borrow to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, which generally means that the Fund may borrow up to one-third of its total assets. The Fund may also invest in reverse repurchase agreements.

 

The fixed income instruments in which the Fund invests may include those of issuers from the United States and other countries. The Fund’s investments in foreign debt securities will typically be denominated in U.S. dollars.

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in investments that are deemed to be illiquid, which may include private placements, certain Rule 144A securities (which are subject to resale restrictions), and securities of issuers that are bankrupt or in default.

 

The Fund may invest in high-yield securities and securities that are not rated by any rating agencies. These “high-yield” securities (also known as “junk bonds”) will generally be rated BB+ or lower by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (“S&P”) or will be of equivalent quality rating from another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization. If a bond is unrated, Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (“Angel Oak”) may determine whether it is of comparable quality and therefore eligible for the Fund’s investment. Although the Fund will not acquire investments of issuers that are in default at the time of investment, the Fund may hold such securities if an investment subsequently defaults.

 

The Fund will be considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund.

 

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Empowered Funds, LLC, dba EA Advisers (the “Adviser”), serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser oversees the day-to-day affairs of the Fund.

 

Strive Asset Management, LLC (“Strive”), serves as a sub-adviser to the Fund. As a sub-adviser, Strive is responsible for determining the Fund’s sector allocations within the Fund’s investment strategy. Strive’s allocation of the Fund’s assets into various asset classes within its investment strategy will depend on its views of the best security’s value relative to what is currently available in the marketplace. Strive will also determine the Fund’s duration and curve positioning. Strive’s portfolio management determinations will be based on market conditions, fundamentals, technicals, interest rate and total return scenario analysis, monetary and fiscal conditions, FOMC outlook, macroeconomics, market liquidity, and geopolitical risks – with a goal of maximizing risk-adjusted returns without regard to any non-pecuniary factors.

 

Angel Oak is also a sub-adviser to the Fund. Angel Oak is responsible for implementing Strive’s sector allocations and duration target by selecting investments and executing Fund transactions in accordance with such sector allocation and duration targets, subject to the investment objective, policies and limitations of the Fund. Angel Oak and Strive are collectively referred to herein as the “Sub-Advisers.”

 

In pursuing its investment objective or for hedging purposes, the Fund may utilize borrowing, and various types of derivative instruments, including structured products, swaps, futures contracts, and options, although the Adviser expects that not all such derivatives will be used at all times. Such derivatives may trade over the counter or on an exchange and may principally be used for one or more of the following purposes: speculation, currency hedging, duration management, or to pursue the Fund’s investment objective. The Fund may borrow to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, which generally means that the Fund may borrow up to one-third of its total assets. The Fund may also invest in reverse repurchase agreements.

 

Individual security selection decisions are made by Angel Oak and based on fundamental research and analysis to identify issuers with the ability to improve their credit profile over time with attractive valuations, resulting in both income and potential capital appreciation. In selecting investments, including Structured Products, the Sub-Advisers may consider maturity, yield, and ratings information and opportunities for price appreciation among other criteria. Angel Oak also analyzes a variety of factors when selecting investments for the Fund, such as collateral quality, credit support, structure and market conditions. Angel Oak attempts to diversify risks that arise from position sizes, geography, ratings, duration, deal structure and collateral values. Angel Oak will also seek to invest in securities that have relatively low volatility. Angel Oak seeks to limit risk of principal by targeting assets that it considers undervalued. From time to time, the Fund may allocate its assets so as to focus on particular types of securities.

 

The Fund is not a money market fund and does not seek to maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share.

 

The Fund may engage in active and frequent trading of its portfolio securities.

 

Principal Risks

 

An investment in the Fund involves risk, including those described below. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. An investor may lose money by investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. More complete risk descriptions are set forth below under the heading “Additional Information About the Funds’ Risks”.

 

Debt Securities Risks.

 

Credit Risk. The financial condition of an issuer of a debt security or other instrument may cause such issuer to default, become unable to pay interest or principal due or otherwise fail to honor its obligations or cause such issuer to be perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as being in such situations. The value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning in response to issuer defaults, changes in the credit ratings of the Fund’s portfolio investments and/or perceptions related thereto.

 

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Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities will decline in value because of an increase in interest rates and changes to other factors, such as perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness. Funds with higher durations generally are subject to greater interest rate risk. For example, the price of a security with a seven-year duration would be expected to drop by approximately 7% in response to a 1% increase in interest rates.

 

Prepayment Risk. The risk that the issuer of a debt security repays all or a portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity. In times of declining interest rates, there is a greater likelihood that the Fund’s higher yielding securities will be pre-paid with the Fund being unable to reinvest the proceeds in an investment with as favorable a yield. Prepayments can therefore result in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund.

 

Extension Risk. An issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Fund (such as a mortgage-backed security) later than expected. This may happen when there is a rise in interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of the obligation will decrease, and the Fund will also suffer from the inability to reinvest in higher yielding securities.

 

Issuer-Specific Changes. Changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular type of security or issuer, and changes in general economic or political conditions can increase the risk of default by an issuer or counterparty, which can affect a security’s or instrument’s credit quality or value. Entities providing credit support or a maturity-shortening structure also can be affected by these types of changes, and if the structure of a security fails to function as intended, the security could decline in value.

 

Mortgage-Backed and Asset Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of mortgages or other assets, including consumer loans or receivables held in trust. Mortgage-backed securities are subject to “prepayment risk” (the risk that borrowers will repay a loan more quickly in periods of falling interest rates) and “extension risk” (the risk that borrowers will repay a loan more slowly in periods of rising interest rates). If the Fund invests in mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities that are subordinated to other interests in the same pool, the Fund may only receive payments after the pool’s obligations to other investors have been satisfied. An unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the assets held by a pool may limit substantially the pool’s ability to make payments of principal or interest to the Fund, reducing the values of those securities or in some cases rendering them worthless. The Fund’s investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-backed securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets.

 

To-Be-Announced (“TBA”) Transactions Risk. TBA purchase commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the securities to be purchased declines prior to settlement date or if the counterparty may not deliver the securities as promised. Selling a TBA involves a risk of loss if the value of the securities to be sold goes up prior to settlement date. TBA transactions involve counterparty risk. Default or bankruptcy of a counterparty to a TBA transaction would expose the Fund to potential loss and could affect the Fund’s returns.

 

Dollar Roll Transaction Risk. The Fund may enter into dollar roll transactions, in which the Fund sells a mortgage-backed or other security for settlement on one date and buys back a substantially similar security for settlement at a later date. Dollar rolls involve a risk of loss if the market value of the securities that the Fund is committed to buy declines below the price of the securities the Fund has sold.

 

Derivatives Risk. The risk of investing in derivative instruments (such as futures, swaps and structured securities), including leverage, liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks, and valuation complexity. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with, and may be more sensitive to market events than, the underlying asset, rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the initial amount invested. The Fund’s use of derivatives may result in losses to the Fund, a reduction in the Fund’s returns and/or increased volatility.

 

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Over the counter (“OTC”) derivatives are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available for OTC derivatives. The primary credit risk on derivatives that are exchange-traded or traded through a central clearing counterparty resides with the Fund’s clearing broker or the clearinghouse. Changes in regulation relating to a mutual fund’s use of derivatives and related instruments could potentially limit or impact the Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives, limit the Fund’s ability to employ certain strategies that use derivatives and/or adversely affect the value of derivatives and the Fund’s performance.

 

LIBOR Transition Risk. The risk related to the anticipated discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). Certain instruments held by the Fund may rely in some fashion upon LIBOR. Although the transition process away from LIBOR has become increasingly well-defined in advance of the anticipated discontinuation date, there remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate, and any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on certain instruments in which the Fund invests can be difficult to ascertain. The transition process may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR and may result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund.

 

Structured Products Risk. The Fund may invest in Structured Products, including CLOs, CDOs, CMOs, and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations. Some Structured Products have credit ratings but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. Normally, Structured Products are privately offered and sold (that is, they are not registered under the securities laws) and may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities; however, an active dealer market may exist for Structured Products that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. The senior and junior tranches of Structured Products may have floating or variable interest rates based on LIBOR and are subject to the risks associated with securities tied to LIBOR, including the risks associated with the future replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate. The Fund may also invest in the equity tranches of a Structured Product, which typically represent the first loss position in the Structured Product, are unrated and are subject to higher risks. Equity tranches of Structured Products typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on equity tranches will be based on the income received from the underlying collateral and the payments made to the senior tranches, both of which may be based on floating rates based on LIBOR.

 

Currency Risk: The risk that non-U.S. currencies will change in value relative to the U.S. dollar and affect the Fund’s investments in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, non-U.S. currencies.

 

Hedging Risk. A hedge is an investment made in order to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in a security, (including currencies), by taking an offsetting position in a related instrument or basket of instrument (often a derivative, such as an option or a short sale). While hedging strategies can be very useful and inexpensive ways of reducing risk, they are sometimes ineffective due to unexpected changes in the market. Hedging also involves the risk that changes in the value of the related instrument or basket of securities will not match those of the instruments being hedged as expected, in which case any losses on the instruments being hedged may not be reduced.

 

High-Yield Debt Securities (Junk Bonds) Risk. High-yield securities (also known as “junk bonds”) carry a greater degree of risk and are considered speculative by the major credit rating agencies. High-yield securities may be issued by companies that are restructuring, are smaller and less creditworthy, or are more highly indebted than other companies. This means that they may have more difficulty making scheduled payments of principal and interest. Changes in the value of high-yield securities are influenced more by changes in the financial and business position of the issuing company than by changes in interest rates when compared to investment grade securities. High-yield securities have greater volatility because there is less certainty that principal and interest payments will be made as scheduled. The Fund’s investments in high-yield securities expose it to a substantial degree of credit risk. These investments are considered speculative under traditional investment standards. Prices of high-yield securities will rise and fall primarily in response to actual or perceived changes in the issuer’s financial health, although changes in market interest rates also will affect prices. High-yield securities may experience reduced liquidity and sudden and substantial decreases in price.

 

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Defaulted Securities Risk. Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers, including securities that are, or may be, involved in reorganizations or other financial restructurings, either out of court or in bankruptcy, involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in high-yield debt securities. The fund’s share price may decline if the reorganization or restructuring is not completed as anticipated. The fund will generally not receive interest payments on the distressed securities and may incur costs to protect its investment. Repayment of defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers is subject to significant uncertainties. The Fund could lose its entire investment in such securities.

 

Investment Risk. When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. The Fund could lose money due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during market downturns. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular asset classes or industries represented in the markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions, economic trends or events that are not specifically related to the issuer of the security or to factors that affect a particular industry or group of industries. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

U.S. Government Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to relevant Underlying Funds and, in turn, the Funds.

 

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and the Sub-Advisers’ ability to choose suitable investments and implement the strategies described above has a significant impact on the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives. In addition, there is the risk that the investment process, techniques and analyses used by the Sub-Advisers will not produce the desired investment results and the Fund may lose value as a result.

 

Foreign Fixed-Income Investment Risk. Investments in fixed-income securities of non-U.S. issuers are subject to the same risks as other debt securities, notably credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk, while also facing risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. For example, foreign securities may have relatively low market liquidity, greater market volatility, decreased publicly available information, and less reliable financial information about issuers, and inconsistent and potentially less stringent accounting, auditing and financial reporting requirements and standards of practice, including recordkeeping standards, comparable to those applicable to domestic issuers. Foreign securities also are subject to the risks of expropriation, nationalization, political instability or other adverse political or economic developments and the difficulty of enforcing obligations in other countries. Investments in foreign securities also may be subject to dividend withholding or confiscatory taxes, currency blockage and/or transfer restrictions and higher transactional costs.

 

Repurchase Agreement Risk. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of fixed-income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank or broker-dealer. The Fund may incur a loss if the other party to a repurchase agreement is unwilling or unable to fulfill its contractual obligations to repurchase the underlying security.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk. A reverse repurchase agreement is the sale by the Fund of a debt obligation to a party for a specified price, with the simultaneous agreement by the Fund to repurchase that debt obligation from that party on a future date at a higher price. Similar to borrowing, reverse repurchase agreements provide the Fund with cash for investment purposes, which creates leverage and subjects the Fund to the risks of leverage. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and/or if the value of collateral held by the Fund, including the value of the investments made with cash collateral, is less than the value of securities.

 

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Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. Floating or variable rate securities pay interest at rates that adjust in response to changes in a specified interest rate or reset at predetermined dates (such as the end of a calendar quarter). Securities with floating or variable interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. Inverse floating rate securities may decrease in value if interest rates increase. Inverse floating rate securities may also exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation with similar credit quality. When a Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the NAV of the Fund’s shares.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Markets may become illiquid when, for example, there are few, if any, interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for particular securities. As a general matter, dealers recently have been less willing to make markets for fixed income securities. The Fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the return of the Fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Investments in foreign securities, derivatives (e.g., options on securities, securities indexes, and foreign currencies) and securities with substantial market or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value.

 

Borrowing and Leverage Risk. Borrowing for investment purposes creates leverage, which will exaggerate the effect of any change in the value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio on the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and, therefore, may increase the volatility of the Fund. Money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (including commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances). Unless the income and capital appreciation, if any, on securities acquired with borrowed funds exceed the cost of borrowing, the use of leverage will diminish the investment performance of the Fund.

 

Illiquid Investments Risks. The Fund may, at times, hold illiquid investments, by virtue of the absence of a readily available market for certain of its investments, or because of legal or contractual restrictions on sales. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time or price that is most beneficial to the Fund.

 

Rating Agencies Risk. Rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities they grade.

 

Concentration in Mortgage Loans, RMBS and CMBS Risk. The Fund’s assets will be concentrated in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and non-agency) and CMBS, potentially exposing the Fund to greater risks than companies that invest in multiple sectors. The risks of concentrating in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and non-agency) and CMBS include susceptibility to changes in interest rates and the risks associated with the market’s perception of issuers, the creditworthiness of the parties involved and investing in real estate securities.

 

ETF Risks.

 

  Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Fund Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

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  Premium-Discount Risk. The Shares may trade above or below their net asset value (“NAV”). The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on [ ] (“Exchange”) or other securities exchanges. The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility or limited trading activity in Shares.

 

  Cost of Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price that an investor is willing to pay for Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Fund’s Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if the Fund’s Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads.

 

  Trading Risk. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of its underlying portfolio holdings, which can be less liquid than the Fund’s Shares, potentially causing the market price of the Fund’s Shares to deviate from its NAV.

 

Cash Creation Unit Risk. Unlike most other ETFs, the Fund expects to effect a substantial portion of its creations and redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind securities (although redemptions will also be done in-kind under certain circumstances). The use of cash creations and redemptions may also cause the Fund’s shares to trade in the market at greater bid-ask spreads or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV. As a practical matter, only institutions and large investors, such as market makers or other large broker dealers, also known as “authorized participants,” create or redeem shares directly through the Fund. Most investors will buy and sell shares of the Fund on an exchange through a broker-dealer. Cash creation and redemption transactions may result in certain brokerage, tax, execution, price movement and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transactions. To offset these expenses, the Fund will collect fees from the applicable authorized participant to reimburse the Fund for any costs incurred by the Fund that result from a cash creation or redemption. The use of cash for redemptions will limit the tax efficiency of the Fund.

 

Real Estate Sector Risk. The risk that real estate-related investments may decline in value as a result of factors affecting the real estate sector, such as the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes, levels of occupancy, and local, regional, and general market conditions.

 

Large Shareholder and Large-Scale Redemption Risk. Certain shareholders, including an Authorized Participant, a third-party investor, a market maker, or another entity, may from time to time own or manage a substantial amount of Fund shares, or may invest in the Fund and hold its investment for a limited period of time. There can be no assurance that any large shareholder or large group of shareholders would not redeem their investment. Redemptions of a large number of Fund shares could require the Fund to dispose of assets to meet the redemption requests, which can accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or capital gains and cause the Fund to make taxable distributions to its shareholders earlier than the Fund otherwise would have. In addition, under certain circumstances, non-redeeming shareholders may be treated as receiving a disproportionately large taxable distribution during or with respect to such year.

 

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Underlying Fund Risk. Because the Fund may invest in other investment companies, including but not limited to BDCs and ETFs (collectively, “Underlying Funds”), the Fund’s investment performance may depend on the investment performance of the Underlying Funds. An investment in the Fund is subject to the risks associated with the Underlying Funds in which the Fund invests. The Fund will indirectly pay a proportional share of the expenses of Underlying Funds in which it invests (which may include operating expenses and management fees). Some Underlying Funds may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement,” which must be met in order for each Fund to maintain its status as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If one or more Underlying Funds generates more non-qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement” than the Fund’s portfolio management expects, it could cause the Fund to inadvertently fail the “Income Requirement” thereby causing the Fund to inadvertently fail to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code.

 

High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may from time-to-time result in higher turnover rates. This may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors have no track record or history on which to base their investment decision. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s Shares and greater risk of loss.

 

Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risk. The Fund’s investments are subject to geopolitical and natural disaster risks, such as war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters, epidemics and/or pandemics, which may add to instability in world economies and volatility in markets. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

 

PERFORMANCE

 

Performance information is not provided below because the Fund has not yet been in operation for a full calendar year. When provided, the information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with a broad measure of market performance. Past performance does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.strivefunds.com or by calling the Fund at (215) 882-9983.

 

Investment Adviser and Investment Sub-Advisers

 

Investment Adviser: Empowered Funds, LLC dba EA Advisers (“Adviser”)
Investment Sub-Adviser: Strive Asset Management, LLC (“Strive”)
Investment Sub-Adviser Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (“Angel Oak”)

 

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Portfolio Managers

 

Matthew Cole, Portfolio Manager of Strive, has been primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund since its inception.

 

Sam Dunlap, CIO, Public Strategies, Clayton Triick, Senior Portfolio Manager, Colin McBurnette, Senior Portfolio Manager and Ward Bortz, ETF Portfolio Manager of Angel Oak each have been primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund since its inception.

 

Summary Information about Purchases, Sales, Taxes, and Financial Intermediary Compensation

 

Purchase And Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically [50,000] Shares, called “Creation Units,” and only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem Creation Units. Creation Units generally are issued for cash and redeemed ‘in-kind’ for securities and/or in cash. Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers. Once created, individual Shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day. Market prices of Shares may be greater or less than their NAV. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund’s shares are not redeemable securities.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gain, or some combination of both, unless your investment is in an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. However, subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged account may be subject to federal income tax. You should consult your tax advisor about your specific tax situation.

 

Purchases Through Broker-Dealers And Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Additional Information About the Funds

 

How are the Funds Different From a Mutual Fund?

 

Redeemability. Mutual fund shares may be bought from, and redeemed with, the issuing fund for cash at NAV typically calculated once at the end of the business day. Shares of the Fund, by contrast, cannot be purchased from or redeemed with the Fund except by or through APs (typically, broker-dealers), and then principally for cash for purchases and an in-kind basket of securities and/or cash for redemptions. In addition, the Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares (for example, [50,000] Shares) called “Creation Units.”

 

Exchange Listing. Unlike mutual fund shares, Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on the Exchange. Investors can purchase and sell Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Investors purchasing Shares in the secondary market through a brokerage account or with the assistance of a broker may be subject to brokerage commissions and charges. Secondary-market transactions do not occur at NAV, but at market prices that change throughout the day, based on the supply of, and demand for, Shares and on changes in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio holdings. The market price of Shares may differ from the NAV of a Fund. The difference between market price of Shares and the NAV of a Fund is called a premium when the market price is above the reported NAV and called a discount when the market price is below the reported NAV, and the difference is expected to be small most of the time, though it may be significant, especially in times of extreme market volatility.

 

Tax Treatment. The Fund and the Shares have been designed to be tax-efficient, where possible. Specifically, the in-kind creation and redemption feature has been designed to protect Fund shareholders from adverse tax consequences applicable to non-ETF registered investment companies as a result of cash transactions in the non-ETF registered investment company’s shares, including cash redemptions. Nevertheless, to the extent redemptions from a Fund are paid in cash, the Fund may realize capital gains or losses, including in some cases short-term capital gains, upon the sale of portfolio securities to generate the cash to satisfy the redemption. The Funds are generally expected to create and redeem Shares primarily in cash but may also do so in-kind in some situations.

 

Transparency. The Fund’s portfolio holdings are disclosed on its website daily after the close of trading on the Exchange and prior to the opening of trading on the Exchange the following day. A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

 

Premium/Discount Information. Information about the premiums and discounts at which the Fund’s Shares have traded is available at www.strivefunds.com.

 

Additional Information about the Funds’ Investment Objectives and Strategies

 

Each Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without a vote of shareholders upon prior written notice to shareholders.

 

Total Return Bond ETF

 

The Fund is an actively managed ETF that under normal conditions, invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in a portfolio of bonds of varying maturities. The Fund’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental and may be changed upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

 

For purposes of this 80% Policy, the Fund will invest in a wide range of “bonds,” including agency and non-agency RMBS, CMBS, CLOs, CDOs, CMOs, CBOs, ABS, including Structured Products, Loans, corporate debt, including bank-issued subordinated debt (which includes subordinated debt issued by community banks), municipal securities, U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities and derivative instruments that invest substantially all of their assets in, are linked to, or otherwise provide investment exposure to, bonds.

 

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The Fund will concentrate its investments in Mortgage Related Instruments. This means that, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its assets in Mortgage Related Instruments (measured at the time of purchase). The Fund will not concentrate its investments in any other group of industries. The Fund’s policy to concentrate its investments in Mortgage Related Instruments is fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval.

 

The Fund may invest, without limitation, in bonds of any quality and maturity. The fixed income instruments in which the Fund invests may include those of issuers from the United States and other countries, without limitation. The Fund’s investments in foreign debt securities will typically be denominated in U.S. dollars.

 

The Fund’s average portfolio duration is expected to vary from two to nine years. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s price sensitivity to changes in yields or interest rates factoring in any embedded options.

 

The Fund may invest up to 30% of its assets in junk bonds. High yield securities will be rated BB+ or lower by S&P or will be of an equivalent quality rating from another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization. If a bond is unrated, Angel Oak may determine whether it is of comparable quality and therefore eligible for the Fund’s investment.

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in investments that are deemed to be illiquid, which may include private placements, certain Rule 144A securities (which are subject to resale restrictions), and securities of issuers that are bankrupt or in default.

 

The Fund may invest in other investment companies, including closed-end investment companies and open-end investment companies, which may operate as traditional mutual funds, ETFs or BDCs.

 

The Fund will be considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund.

 

In pursuing its investment objective or for hedging purposes, the Fund may utilize borrowing and may also invest, without limitation, in derivatives instruments such as options, futures contracts, or swap agreements or in mortgage-backed securities (TBAs). These derivatives may be traded over the counter or on an exchange and may be used for speculative purposes, currency hedging, duration management or to pursue the Fund’s investment objective. The Fund may borrow to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, which generally means that the Fund may borrow up to one-third of its total assets. The Fund may also invest in repurchase agreements and borrow through reverse repurchase agreements.

 

Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF

 

The Fund is an actively-managed ETF that, using an enhanced cash strategy, seeks to achieve its investment objective, under normal circumstances, by investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S.-dollar denominated investment-grade fixed- and floating-rate bonds, and debt securities with an overall effective duration of less than one year, although the Fund may invest in securities of any duration or maturity.

 

The Fund invests primarily in agency and non-agency RMBS, ABS, CLOs, CDOs, CMOs, and other Structured Products; corporate debt and other debt securities; and U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in CLOs.

 

The Fund may invest in other investment companies, including closed-end investment companies and open-end investment companies, which may operate as traditional mutual funds, ETFs or BDCs.

 

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The Fund will concentrate its investments in Mortgage Related Instruments. This means that, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its assets in Mortgage Related Instruments (measured at the time of purchase). The Fund will not concentrate its investments in any other group of industries. The Fund’s policy to concentrate its investments in Mortgage Related Instruments is fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval.

 

The fixed income instruments in which the Fund invests may include those of issuers from the United States and other countries. The Fund’s investments in foreign debt securities will typically be denominated in U.S. dollars.

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in investments that are deemed to be illiquid, which may include private placements, certain Rule 144A securities (which are subject to resale restrictions), and securities of issuers that are bankrupt or in default.

 

The Fund will be considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund.

 

The Fund may invest in high-yield securities and securities that are not rated by any rating agencies. These “high-yield” securities (also known as “junk bonds”) will generally be rated BB+ or lower by S&P or will be of equivalent quality rating from another Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization. If a bond is unrated, the Angel Oak may determine whether it is of comparable quality and therefore eligible for the Fund’s investment. Although the Fund will not acquire investments of issuers that are in default at the time of investment, the Fund may hold such securities if an investment subsequently defaults.

 

In pursuing its investment objective or for hedging purposes, the Fund may utilize borrowing, and various types of derivative instruments, including Structured Products, swaps, futures contracts, and options, although the Adviser expects that not all such derivatives will be used at all times. Such derivatives may trade over the counter or on an exchange and may principally be used for one or more of the following purposes: speculation, currency hedging, duration management, or to pursue the Fund’s investment objective. The Fund may borrow to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, which generally means that the Fund may borrow up to one-third of its total assets. The Fund may also invest in reverse repurchase agreements.

 

The Fund is not a money market fund and does not seek to maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share.

 

The Fund may engage in active and frequent trading of its portfolio securities.

 

Temporary Defensive Positions

 

From time to time, each Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its principal investment strategies, in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. In such instances, a Fund may hold up to 100% of its assets in cash; short-term U.S. government securities and government agency securities; investment grade money market instruments; investment grade fixed-income securities; repurchase agreements; commercial paper and cash equivalents. Each Fund may invest in the securities described above at any time to maintain liquidity, pending selection of investments by the Sub-Advisers, or if the Sub-Advisers believe that sufficient investment opportunities that meet the Fund’s investment criteria are not available. By keeping cash on hand, a Fund may be able to meet shareholder redemptions without selling securities and realizing gains and losses. As a result of engaging in these temporary measures, the applicable Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

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Additional Information about the Funds’ Risks

 

The table below provides additional information about the risks of investing in each Fund (in alphabetical order), including the principal risks identified under “Principal Risks” in each Fund Summary. A risk applies to each Fund unless noted otherwise.

 

Borrowing and Leverage Risk. Certain transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Such transactions may include, among others, reverse repurchase agreements, loans of portfolio securities, and the use of when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions. A Fund’s use of derivatives may also create leveraging risk. The Fund also may be exposed to leveraging risk by borrowing money for investment purposes. Leverage may cause a Fund to liquidate portfolio positions to satisfy its obligations when it may not be advantageous to do so. Leverage, including borrowing, may cause a Fund to be more volatile than if a Fund had not been leveraged. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities. Certain types of leveraging transactions, such as short sales that are not “against the box,” (i.e., short sales where the Fund does not hold the security or have the right to acquire it without payment of further consideration), could theoretically be subject to unlimited losses in cases where a Fund, for any reason, is unable to close out the transaction. In addition, to the extent a Fund borrows money, interest costs on such borrowings may not be recovered by any appreciation of the securities purchased with the borrowed amounts and could exceed a Fund’s investment returns, resulting in greater losses. Moreover, to make payments of interest and other loan costs, a Fund may be forced to sell portfolio securities when it is not otherwise advantageous to do so.

 

Cash Creation Unit Risk. Unlike most other ETFs, each Fund expects to effect a substantial portion of its creations and redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind securities (although redemptions will also be done in-kind under certain circumstances). The use of cash creations and redemptions may also cause a Fund’s shares to trade in the market at greater bid-ask spreads or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV. As a practical matter, only institutions and large investors, such as market makers or other large broker dealers, also known as “authorized participants,” create or redeem shares directly through a Fund. Most investors will buy and sell shares of a Fund on an exchange through a broker-dealer. Cash creation and redemption transactions may result in certain brokerage, tax, execution, price movement and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transactions. To offset these expenses, a Fund will collect fees from the applicable authorized participant to reimburse a Fund for any costs incurred by a Fund that result from a cash creation or redemption. The use of cash for redemptions will limit the tax efficiency of a Fund.

 

Concentration in Mortgage Loans, RMBS and CMBS Risk. Each Fund’s assets will be concentrated in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and non-agency) and CMBS, potentially exposing a Fund to greater risks than companies that invest in multiple sectors. The risks of concentrating in mortgage loans, RMBS (agency and non-agency) and CMBS include susceptibility to changes in interest rates and the risks associated with the market’s perception of issuers, the creditworthiness of the parties involved and investing in real estate securities.

 

Currency Risk. Each Fund may invest directly in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, non-U.S. currencies and will be subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. Currency rates in foreign (non-U.S.) countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, rates of inflation, balance or payments and governmental surpluses or deficits, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. As a result, a Fund’s investments in foreign currency-denominated securities may reduce the returns of a Fund. Currency risk may be particularly high to the extent that a Fund invests in non-U.S. currencies or engages in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to emerging market countries. These currency transactions may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of investing in developed foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engaging in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to developed foreign countries.

 

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Debt Securities Risk. Each Fund may invest in debt obligations, which are subject to one or more of the following risks:

 

  Credit Risk. Bonds are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which are often reflected in credit ratings. The value of an issuer’s securities held by the Fund may decline in response to adverse developments with respect to the issuer. In addition, a Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a bond is unable or unwilling to make timely principal and interest payments or to otherwise honor its obligations. There is also risk that securities will be subsequently downgraded should rating agencies believe the issuer’s business outlook or creditworthiness has deteriorated. If this occurs, the values of these investments may decline, or it may affect the issuer’s ability to raise additional capital for operational or financial purposes and increase the chance of default, as a downgrade may be seen in the financial markets as a signal of an issuer’s deteriorating financial position.

 

  Interest Rate Risk. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value. In response to the outbreak of COVID-19, as with other serious economic disruptions, governmental authorities and regulators enacted significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including providing direct capital infusions into companies, creating new monetary programs and lowering interest rates considerably. As a result, interest rates in the United States and many parts of the world were, until recently, near recent historically low levels. More recently, interest rates in the United States and many other countries have begun rising. Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable effects on markets, including market volatility, and may adversely affect a Fund’s performance. A change in interest rates may be sudden and significant, with unpredictable effects on the financial markets and a Fund’s investments. Should interest rates decrease, a Fund’s investments in certain variable-rate and fixed rate debt securities may be adversely affected.

 

  Extension Risk. An issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by a Fund (such as a mortgage-backed security) later than expected. This may happen when there is a rise in interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of the obligation will decrease, and a Fund will also suffer from the inability to reinvest in higher yielding securities.

 

  Prepayment. Many types of debt securities, including mortgage securities, are subject to prepayment risk. Prepayment risk occurs when the issuer of a security can repay principal prior to the security’s maturity. Securities subject to prepayment can offer less potential for gains during a declining interest rate environment and similar or greater potential for loss in a rising interest rate environment. In addition, the potential impact of prepayment features on the price of a debt security can be difficult to predict and result in greater volatility.

 

  Issuer-Specific Changes. Changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular type of security or issuer, and changes in general economic or political conditions can increase the risk of default by an issuer or counterparty, which can affect a security’s or instrument’s credit quality or value. Entities providing credit support or a maturity-shortening structure also can be affected by these types of changes, and if the structure of a security fails to function as intended, the security could decline in value.

 

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Defaulted Securities Risk. Defaulted bonds are subject to greater risk of loss of income and principal than higher rated securities and are considered speculative. In the event of a default, a Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. The repayment of defaulted bonds is subject to significant uncertainties, and, in some cases, there may be no recovery of repayment. Further, defaulted bonds might be repaid only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments. Workout or bankruptcy proceedings typically result in only partial recovery of cash payments or an exchange of the defaulted bond for other securities of the issuer or its affiliates. Often, the securities received are illiquid or speculative. Investments in securities following a workout or bankruptcy proceeding typically entail a higher degree of risk than investments in securities that have not recently undergone a reorganization or restructuring. Moreover, these securities can be subject to heavy selling or downward pricing pressure after the completion of a workout or bankruptcy proceeding. If a Fund’s evaluation of the anticipated outcome of an investment should prove inaccurate, a Fund could experience a loss. Such securities obtained in exchange may include, but are not limited to, equity securities, warrants, rights, participation interests in sales of assets, and contingent interest obligations.

 

A Fund may hold securities of issuers that are, or are about to be, involved in reorganizations, financial restructurings, or bankruptcy (also known as “distressed debt”). Defaulted bonds and distressed debt securities are speculative and involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in junk bonds. To the extent that a Fund holds distressed debt, the Fund will be subject to the risk that it may lose a portion or all of its investment in the distressed debt and may incur higher expenses trying to protect its interests in distressed debt. The prices of distressed bonds are likely to be more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual issuer developments than the prices of higher rated securities. During an economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, distressed security issuers may experience financial stress that would adversely affect their ability to service their principal and interest payment obligations, to meet their projected business goals, or to obtain additional financing. In addition, any distressed securities or any securities received in exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding, a Fund may lose its entire investment or may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than its original investment. Moreover, it is unlikely that a liquid market will exist for a Fund to sell its holdings in distressed debt securities.

 

Derivatives Risk. Derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of the instruments and the underlying assets or index; the loss of principal, including the potential loss of amounts greater than the initial amount invested in the derivative instrument; the possible default of the other party to the transaction; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. The derivatives used by a Fund may give rise to a form of leverage. The use of leverage may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the net asset value, causing the Fund to be more volatile. The use of leverage may also increase expenses and increase the impact of a Fund’s other risks. The use of leverage may cause a Fund to liquidate portfolio positions to satisfy its obligations or to meet regulatory requirements when it may not be advantageous to liquidate the positions, resulting in increased volatility of returns. Certain of a Fund’s transactions in derivatives could also affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, which may result in the Fund realizing more short-term capital gain and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in the transactions, which may adversely impact the Fund’s after-tax returns.

 

Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives or other similar investments are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available for OTC derivatives or other similar investments. The primary credit risk on derivatives or other similar investments that are exchange-traded or traded through a central clearing counterparty resides with a Fund’s clearing broker or the clearinghouse. Changes in regulation relating to a registered fund’s use of derivatives and related instruments could potentially limit or impact a Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives, limit a Fund’s ability to employ certain strategies that use derivatives or other similar investments and/or adversely affect the value of derivatives or other similar investments and a Fund’s performance.

 

Options Risk. Options or options on futures contracts give the holder of the option the right to buy (or to sell) a position in a security or in a contract to the writer of the option, at a certain price. They are subject to correlation risk because there may be an imperfect correlation between the options and the securities markets that cause a given transaction to fail to achieve its objectives. The successful use of options depends on the Sub-Advisers’ ability to predict correctly future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets. Exchanges can limit the number of positions that can be held or controlled by a Fund or the Sub-Adviser, thus limiting the ability to implement a Fund’s strategies. Options are also particularly subject to leverage risk and can be subject to liquidity risk.

 

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Swap Agreements Risk. Swap agreements are contracts among a Fund and a counterparty to exchange the return of the pre-determined underlying investment (such as the rate of return of a specified index). Swap agreements may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between two parties or, in some instances, must be transacted through a futures commission merchant and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty. Risks associated with the use of swap agreements are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions, due in part to the fact they could be considered illiquid and many swaps trade on the OTC market. Swaps are particularly subject to counterparty credit, correlation, valuation, liquidity and leveraging risks. Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory central clearing. Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk-free.

 

Futures Contracts Risk. Futures contracts are typically exchange-traded contracts that call for the future delivery of an asset at a certain price and date, or cash settlement (payment of the gain or loss on the contract). Futures are often used to manage or hedge risk because they enable the investor to buy or sell an asset in the future at an agreed-upon price and for other reasons such as to manage exposure to changes in interest rates and bond prices; as an efficient means of adjusting overall exposure to certain markets; in an effort to enhance income; to protect the value of portfolio securities; and to adjust portfolio duration. Risks of futures contracts may be caused by an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the instruments and the price of the underlying securities. In addition, there is the risk that a Fund may not be able to enter into a closing transaction because of an illiquid market. Futures markets can be highly volatile and the use of futures may increase the volatility of a Fund’s NAV. Exchanges can limit the number of options that can be held or controlled by the Fund or the Sub-Advisers, thus limiting the ability to implement a Fund’s strategies. Futures are also subject to leveraging risk and can be subject to liquidity risk.

 

Dollar Roll Transaction Risk. Each Fund may enter into dollar roll transactions, in which a Fund sells a mortgage-backed or other security for settlement on one date and buys back a substantially similar security for settlement at a later date. Dollar rolls involve a risk of loss if the market value of the securities that a Fund is committed to buy declines below the price of the securities a Fund has sold.

 

ETF Risks.

 

  APs, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

  Premium-Discount Risk. The Shares may trade above or below their NAV. The NAV of a Fund will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of a Fund’s holdings. The market prices of Shares, however, will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange and other securities exchanges. The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility or limited trading in Shares. The Adviser cannot predict whether Shares will trade below, at or above their NAV. Price differences may be due, in large part, to the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for Shares will be closely related to, but not identical to, the same forces influencing the prices of the securities held by the Fund. However, given that Shares can be purchased and redeemed in large blocks of Shares, called Creation Units (unlike shares of closed-end funds, which frequently trade at appreciable discounts from, and sometimes at premiums to, their NAV), and a Fund’s portfolio holdings are fully disclosed on a daily basis, the Adviser believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of Shares should not be sustained, but that may not be the case.

 

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  Cost of Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price that an investor is willing to pay for Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Fund’s Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if the Fund’s Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads.

 

  Trading Risk. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of its underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Fund’s Shares, potentially causing the market price of the Fund’s Shares to deviate from its NAV.

 

Financial Services Sector Risk (Total Return Bond ETF Only). The risk that an investment in issuers in the financial services sector or transactions with one or more counterparties in the financial services sector may be adversely affected by, among other things: (i) changes in governmental regulation; (ii) changes in interest rates and cost of capital funds; (iii) deterioration of the credit markets; (iv) credit losses; (v) financial losses associated with investment activities, especially when financial services companies are exposed to financial leverage; (vi) the risk of substantial decline in the valuations of its assets; (vii) unexpected market or other events that lead to a sudden decline in the values of most or all companies in the financial services sector; and (viii) the interconnectedness or interdependence among financial services companies, including the risk that the financial distress or failure of one financial services company may materially and adversely affect a number of other financial services companies.

 

Foreign Fixed-Income Investment Risk. Investments in fixed-income securities of non-U.S. issuers are subject to the same risks as other debt securities, notably credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk, while also facing risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities including, among others, greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial information, higher transactional costs, taxation by foreign governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Foreign issuers are often subject to less stringent requirements regarding accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are U.S. securities, and therefore, not all material information regarding these issuers will be available. Securities exchanges or foreign governments may adopt rules or regulations that may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in foreign securities or may prevent the Fund from repatriating its investments.

 

Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risk. Geopolitical and other risks, including war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fire and floods, may add to instability in world economies and volatility in markets generally. Changes in trade policies and international trade agreements could affect the economies of many countries in unpredictable ways. Epidemics and/or pandemics, such as the coronavirus (or COVID-19), may likewise result in economic instability and market volatility. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

 

Hedging Risk. A hedge is an investment made in order to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in a security, (including currencies), by taking an offsetting position in a related instrument or basket of instruments (often a derivative, such as an option or a short sale). While hedging strategies can be very useful and inexpensive ways of reducing risk, they are sometimes ineffective due to unexpected changes in the market. Hedging also involves the risk that changes in the value of the related instrument or basket of securities will not match those of the instruments being hedged as expected, in which case any losses on the instruments being hedged may not be reduced. A Fund’s use of hedging strategy also exposes a Fund to the risks of investing in derivative contracts (see above for more information on derivatives risks).

 

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High Portfolio Turnover Risk (Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF Only). The Fund’s investment strategy may from time-to-time result in higher turnover rates. This may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.

 

High-Yield Debt Securities (Junk Bonds) Risk. Each Fund may invest in debt securities that are rated below investment grade (i.e., “junk bonds”) by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or are unrated or stale-rated securities that the investment adviser believes are of comparable quality. Junk bonds are considered speculative with respect to their capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. While generally providing greater income and opportunity for gain, non-investment grade debt securities are subject to greater risks than higher-rated securities.

 

Companies that issue junk bonds are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them. During an economic downturn or recession, highly leveraged issuers of high-yield securities may experience financial stress, and may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. Economic downturns tend to disrupt the market for junk bonds, lowering their values and increasing their price volatility. The risk of issuer default is higher with respect to junk bonds because those issues may be subordinated to other creditors of the issuer.

 

The credit rating from a nationally recognized statistical rating organization of a junk bond does not necessarily address its market value risk, and ratings may from time to time change to reflect developments regarding the issuer’s financial condition. The lower the rating of a junk bond, the more speculative its characteristics.

 

A Fund may have difficulty selling some junk bonds because they may have a thin trading market. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse effect on the market price and a Fund’s ability to dispose of particular issues and may also make it more difficult for a Fund to obtain accurate market quotations in valuing these assets. In the event a Fund experiences an unexpected level of net redemptions, a Fund could be forced to sell its junk bonds at an unfavorable price. Prices of junk bonds have been found to be less sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and more sensitive to adverse economic changes and individual corporate developments than those of higher-rated debt securities.

 

Illiquid Investments Risk. A Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. A Fund may also invest in restricted securities. Investments in restricted securities could have the effect of increasing the amount of a Fund’s assets invested in illiquid investments if qualified institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase these securities.

 

Illiquid and restricted investments may be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the times when a Fund believes it is desirable to do so. The market price of illiquid and restricted investments generally is more volatile than that of more liquid investments, which may adversely affect the price that a Fund pays for or recovers upon the sale of such investments. Illiquid and restricted investments are also more difficult to value, especially in challenging markets. The Adviser’s judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process. Investment of a Fund’s assets in illiquid and restricted securities may restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities. To dispose of an unregistered security, a Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so, may have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and the time the security is registered, thereby enabling a Fund to sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result of a negotiation between the issuer and acquirer of the securities. In either case, a Fund would bear market risks during that period. Liquidity risk may impact a Fund’s ability to meet shareholder redemptions and as a result, the Fund may be forced to sell securities at inopportune prices.

 

Certain fixed-income instruments are not readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. Fixed-income instruments may not be listed on any national securities exchange and no active trading market may exist for certain of the fixed-income instruments in which a Fund will invest. Where a secondary market exists, the market for some fixed-income instruments may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. Trade settlement periods may take longer than seven days for transactions of leveraged loans, meaning it could take the Fund significant time to receive money after selling its investments. In addition, dealer inventories of certain securities are at historic lows in relation to market size, which indicates a potential for reduced liquidity as dealers may be less able to “make markets” for certain fixed-income securities.

 

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Certain Structured Products, including CLOs, CDOs, CMOs, CBOs, and other asset-backed securities and debt securitizations, may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. Structured Products are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws, which means less information about the security may be available as compared to publicly offered securities and only certain institutions may buy and sell them. As a result, investments in Structured Products may be characterized by a Fund as illiquid securities.

 

Investment Risk. As with all investments, an investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk. Investors in the Fund could lose money, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of an investment, over short or long periods of time.

 

Large Shareholder and Large-Scale Redemption Risk. Certain shareholders, including an Authorized Participant, a third-party investor, a market maker, or another entity, may from time to time own or manage a substantial amount of Fund shares, or may invest in a Fund and hold its investment for a limited period of time. There can be no assurance that any large shareholder or large group of shareholders would not redeem their investment. Redemptions of a large number of Fund shares could require a Fund to dispose of assets to meet the redemption requests, which can accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or capital gains and cause a Fund to make taxable distributions to its shareholders earlier than a Fund otherwise would have. In addition, under certain circumstances, non-redeeming shareholders may be treated as receiving a disproportionately large taxable distribution during or with respect to such year.

 

LIBOR Transition Risk. Certain instruments in which a Fund may invest rely in some fashion upon LIBOR. LIBOR is an average interest rate, determined by the ICE Benchmark Administration, that banks charge one another for the use of short-term money. On July 27, 2017, the Chief Executive of the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the United Kingdom’s financial regulatory body and regulator of LIBOR, announced that after 2021 it would cease its active encouragement of banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR due to the absence of an active market for interbank unsecured lending and other reasons. On March 5, 2021, the FCA announced that all U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator or will no longer be representative (i) immediately after December 31, 2021 for one-week and two-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings and (ii) immediately after June 30, 2023 for the remaining U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings. As of January 1, 2022, as a result of supervisory guidance from U.S. regulators, some U.S. regulated entities have ceased entering into new LIBOR contracts with limited exceptions. While publication of the one-, three- and six- month Sterling and Japanese yen LIBOR settings will continue at least through calendar year 2022 on the basis of a changed methodology (known as “synthetic LIBOR”), these rates have been designated by the FCA as unrepresentative of the underlying market they seek to measure and are solely available for use in legacy transactions. Certain bank-sponsored committees in other jurisdictions, including Europe, the United Kingdom, Japan and Switzerland, have selected alternative reference rates denominated in other currencies. Although the transition process away from LIBOR has become increasingly well-defined in advance of the anticipated discontinuation date, there remains uncertainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR and the nature of any replacement rate. Any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on a Fund or on certain instruments in which a Fund invests can be difficult to ascertain, and they may vary depending on factors that include, but are not limited to: (i) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (ii) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments. For example, certain of a Fund’s investments may involve individual contracts that have (i) no existing fallback provision or language that contemplates the discontinuation of LIBOR or (ii) inadequate fallback provisions or language that does not contemplate a permanent discontinuation of LIBOR, and those investments could experience increased volatility or reduced liquidity as a result of the transition process. In addition, interest rate provisions included in such contracts may need to be renegotiated in contemplation of the transition away from LIBOR. On March 15, 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act was signed into law. This law provides a statutory fallback mechanism on a nationwide basis to replace LIBOR with a benchmark rate that is selected by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) for certain contracts that reference LIBOR and contain no, or insufficient, fallback provisions. The Federal Reserve proposed implementing regulations for the law on July 28, 2022, and it is expected that final regulations will follow. The transition of investments from LIBOR to a replacement rate as a result of amendment, application of existing fallbacks, statutory requirements or otherwise may also result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by a Fund or a reduction in the effectiveness of related Fund transactions such as hedges. In addition, an instrument’s transition to a replacement rate could result in variations in the reported yields of a Fund that holds such instrument. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to a Fund.

 

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Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Markets may become illiquid when, for example, there are few, if any, interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for particular securities. As a general matter, dealers recently have been less willing to make markets for fixed income securities. A Fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the return of the Fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Investments in foreign securities, derivatives (e.g., options on securities, securities indexes, and foreign currencies) and securities with substantial market or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value.

 

Management Risk. Each Fund is actively managed and the Sub-Advisers’ ability to choose suitable investments and implement the strategies described above has a significant impact on the ability of a Fund to achieve its investment objectives. In addition, there is the risk that the investment process, techniques and analyses used by the Sub-Advisers will not produce the desired investment results and a Fund may lose value as a result.

 

Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities Risk. The price paid by a Fund for asset-backed securities, the yield the Fund expects to receive from such securities and the average life of such securities are based on a number of factors, including the anticipated rate of prepayment of the underlying assets. The value of these securities may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, the market’s perception of issuers, and the creditworthiness of the parties involved. The ability of a Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend on the ability of the Sub-Advisers to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. These securities may have a structure that makes their reaction to interest rate changes and other factors difficult to predict, making their value highly volatile.

 

In addition to the risks associated with other asset-backed securities as described above, mortgage-backed securities are subject to the general risks associated with investing in real estate securities; that is, they may lose value if the value of the underlying real estate to which a pool of mortgages relates declines. In addition, mortgage-backed securities comprised of subprime mortgages and investments in other asset-backed securities collateralized by subprime loans may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk and valuation risk. Additionally, such securities may be subject to a higher degree of liquidity risk, because the liquidity of such investments may vary dramatically over time.

 

Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by governments or their agencies and instrumentalities, such as, in the United States, Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They may also be issued by private issuers but represent an interest in or are collateralized by pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by a government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities. In addition, mortgage-backed securities may be issued by private issuers and be collateralized by securities without a government guarantee. Such securities usually have some form of private credit enhancement.

 

Pools created by private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments. Notwithstanding that such pools may be supported by various forms of private insurance or guarantees, there can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors will be able to meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. A Fund may invest in private mortgage pass-through securities without such insurance or guarantees. Any mortgage-backed securities that are issued by private issuers are likely to have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. In addition, such securities are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that would generally apply to securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, thereby increasing their credit risk. The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments may include a general economic downturn, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable-rate mortgages.

 

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Municipal Securities Risk (Total Return Bond ETF Only). Municipal securities may be general obligation or revenue bonds and typically are issued to finance public projects, such as roads or public buildings, to pay general operating expenses or to refinance outstanding debt. Municipal securities may also be issued for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction or for privately owned industrial development and pollution control projects. General obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit and taxing authority of the issuer and may be repaid from any revenue source. Revenue bonds may be repaid only from the revenues of a specific facility or source. A Fund also may purchase municipal securities that represent lease obligations. These carry special risks because the issuer of the bonds may not be obligated to appropriate money annually to make payments under the lease. The yields on municipal bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, including prevailing interest rates and the condition of the general money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issuer. The market value of municipal bonds will vary with changes in interest rate levels and as a result of changing evaluations of the ability of bond issuers to meet interest and principal payments.

 

Certain municipal securities may not be registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange. The amount of public information available about the municipal securities to which a Fund may be economically exposed is generally less than that for corporate bonds and certain other securities, and the investment performance of a Fund’s investments in municipal securities may therefore be dependent on the analytical abilities of the Sub-Advisers. The secondary market for municipal securities, particularly non-investment grade bonds, also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to sell such securities at attractive prices.

 

In addition, certain state and municipal governments that issue securities may be under significant economic and financial stress and may not be able to satisfy their obligations. The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns and as governmental cost burdens are reallocated among Federal, state and local governments. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited by provisions of state constitutions or laws and an entity’s credit generally will depend on many factors, including the entity’s tax base, the extent to which the entity relies on Federal or state aid, and other factors which are beyond the entity’s control.

 

In addition, issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, holders of municipal bonds could experience delays in collecting principal and interest and such holders may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which they are entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in the payment of interest or repayment of principal, or both, a Fund may take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase a Fund’s operating expenses.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. Because each Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of a Fund’s Shares and greater risk of loss.

 

New Fund Risk. Each Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors have no track record or history on which to base their investment decision. There can be no assurance that a Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size.

 

Rating Agencies Risk. Rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities they grade.

 

Real Estate Sector Risk. The risk that real estate-related investments may decline in value as a result of factors affecting the real estate sector, such as the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes, levels of occupancy, and local, regional, and general market conditions.

 

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Repurchase Agreement Risk. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by a Fund of fixed-income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that a Fund will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. Repurchase agreements involve the risk that a seller will become subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings or fail to repurchase a security from a Fund. In such situations, a Fund may incur losses including as a result of (i) a possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period while a Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) a possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period, and (iii) expenses of enforcing its rights.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk. A reverse repurchase agreement is the sale by a Fund of a debt obligation to a party for a specified price, with the simultaneous agreement by a Fund to repurchase that debt obligation from that party on a future date at a higher price. Similar to borrowing, reverse repurchase agreements provide a Fund with cash for investment purposes, which creates leverage and subjects a Fund to the risks of leverage, including increased volatility. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. A Fund could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and the value of collateral held by a Fund, including the value of the investments made with cash collateral, is less than the value of securities. Reverse repurchase agreements also create Fund expenses and require that a Fund have sufficient cash available to purchase the debt obligations when required. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the market value of the debt obligation that is the subject of the reverse repurchase agreement could decline significantly below the price at which a Fund is obligated to repurchase the security. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of the proceeds from the sale of the securities may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce a Fund’s obligations to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements also may be viewed as borrowings made by the Fund and are a form of leverage which also may increase the volatility of a Fund.

 

Structured Products Risk. Investments in securities that are backed by, or represent interests in, an underlying pool of securities or other assets involve the risks associated with the underlying assets, and may also involve different or greater risks, including the risk that distributions from the underlying assets will be inadequate to make interest or other payments to the Fund, the risk that the issuer of the securities will fail to administer the underlying assets properly or become insolvent, and the risk that the securities will be less liquid than other Fund investments.

 

The ability of the Structured Product to make distributions will be subject to various limitations, including the terms and covenants of the debt it issues. For example, performance tests (based on interest coverage or other financial ratios or other criteria) may restrict a Fund’s ability, as holder of the equity interests in a Structured Product, to receive cash flow from these investments. There is no assurance any such performance tests will be satisfied. Also, a Structured Product may take actions that delay distributions in order to preserve ratings and to keep the cost of present and future financings lower or the Structured Product may be obligated to retain cash or other assets to satisfy over-collateralization requirements commonly provided for holders of the Structured Product’s debt. As a result, there may be a lag, which could be significant, between the repayment or other realization on a loan or other assets in, and the distribution of cash out of, a Structured Product, or cash flow may be completely restricted for the life of the Structured Product. If a Fund does not receive cash flow from any such Structured Product that is necessary to satisfy the annual distribution requirement for maintaining a Fund’s RIC status, and a Fund is unable to obtain cash from other sources necessary to satisfy this requirement, a Fund could fail to maintain its status as a RIC, which would have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s financial performance.

 

Structured Products are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in certain Structured Products or other asset-backed securities may be characterized by a Fund as illiquid securities. A Fund may invest in any tranche of a Structured Product, including the subordinated/equity tranches. If applicable accounting pronouncements or SEC staff guidance require a Fund to consolidate the Structured Product’s financial statements with a Fund’s financial statements, any debt issued by the Structured Product would be generally treated as if it were issued by a Fund. Further, there can be no assurance that a bankruptcy court, in the exercise of its broad equitable powers, would not order that a Fund’s assets and liabilities be substantively consolidated with those of a Structured Product, rather than kept separate, and that creditors of the Structured Product would have claims against the consolidated bankruptcy estate (including a Fund’s assets). If a Structured Product is not consolidated with a Fund, a Fund’s only interest in the Structured Product will be the value of its retained subordinated interest and the income allocated to it, which may be more or less than the cash a Fund received from the Structured Product, and none of the Structured Product’s liabilities would be reflected as a Fund’s liabilities. If the assets of a Structured Product are not consolidated with a Fund’s assets and liabilities, then the leverage incurred by such Structured Product may or may not be treated as borrowings by a Fund for purposes applicable limitations on a Fund’s ability to issue debt.

 

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In addition to the general risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed herein, Structured Products carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in Structured Products are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

 

The activities of the issuers of certain Structured Products will generally be directed by a collateral manager. In a Fund’s capacity as holder of interests in such a Structured Product, a Fund is generally not able to make decisions with respect to the management, disposition or other realization of any investment, or other decisions regarding the business and affairs, of the Structured Product. Consequently, the success of the securitizations in will depend, in part, on the financial and managerial expertise of the collateral manager.

 

To the extent that an affiliate of the Sub-Advisers serves as the sponsor and/or collateral manager of a Structured Product in which a Fund invests, or the Sub-Advisers or their respective affiliates hold other interests in Structured Products in which a Fund invests, a Fund may be limited in its ability to participate in certain transactions with the Structured Product and may not be able to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product if no secondary market exists for the interests. Even if a secondary market exists, the Sub-Advisers or their respective affiliates at times may possess material non-public information that may restrict a Fund’s ability to dispose of its interests in the Structured Product. A Fund does not currently contemplate making investments in any specific investments sponsored by the Sub-Advisers or their respective affiliates; however, to the extent a Fund does, it will do so only as permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the rules thereunder.

 

To the extent the Fund invests in the equity tranches of a Structured Product, such investments typically represent the first loss position, are unrated and are subject to greater risk. To the extent that any losses are incurred by the Structured Product in respect of any collateral, such losses will be borne first by the owners of the equity interests, which may include a Fund. Any equity interests that a Fund holds in a Structured Product will not be secured by the assets of the Structured Product or guaranteed by any party, and a Fund will rank behind all creditors of the Structured Product, including the holders of the secured notes issued by the Structured Product. Equity interests are typically subject to certain payment restrictions in the indenture governing the senior tranches. Accordingly, equity interests may not be paid in full, may be adversely impacted by defaults by a relatively small number of underlying assets held by the Structured Product and may be subject to up to 100% loss. Structured Products may be highly levered, and therefore equity interests may be subject to a higher risk of loss, including the potential for total loss. The market value of equity interests may be significantly affected by a variety of factors, including changes in interest rates, changes in the market value of the collateral held by the securitization, defaults and recoveries on that collateral and other risks associated with that collateral. The leveraged nature of equity interest is likely to magnify these impacts. Equity interests typically do not have a fixed coupon and payments on equity interests will be based on the income received from the underlying collateral and the payments made to the senior tranches, both of which may be based on floating rates. While the payments on equity interest will be variable, equity interests may not offer the same level of protection against changes in interest rates as other floating rate instruments. Equity interests are typically illiquid investments and subject to extensive transfer restrictions, and no party is under any obligation to make a market for equity interests. At times, there may be no market for equity interests, and a Fund may not be able to sell or otherwise transfer equity interests at their fair value, or at all, in the event that it determines to sell them.

 

To-Be-Announced (“TBA”) Transactions Risk. TBA purchase commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the securities to be purchased declines prior to settlement date or if the selling counterparty does not deliver the securities as promised. In TBA transactions, the selling counterparty does not specify the particular securities to be delivered. Instead, the purchasing counterparty agrees to accept any security that meets specified terms. TBA transactions involve counterparty risk. Default or bankruptcy of a selling counterparty to a TBA transaction would expose the purchasing counterparty to potential loss of its investment. TBA purchase commitments may be considered securities in themselves and involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date. Conversely, selling a TBA involves a risk of loss if the value of the securities to be sold goes up prior to the settlement date.

 

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Underlying Fund Risk. Because each Fund may invest in Underlying Funds, a Fund’s investment performance may depend on the investment performance of the Underlying Funds. An investment in a Fund is subject to the risks associated with the Underlying Funds in which the Fund invests. A Fund will indirectly pay a proportional share of the expenses of Underlying Funds in which it invests (which may include operating expenses and management fees). Some Underlying Funds may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement,” which must be met in order for each Fund to maintain its status as a regulated investment company under the Code. If one or more Underlying Funds generates more non-qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement” than a Fund’s portfolio management expects, it could cause a Fund to inadvertently fail the “Income Requirement” thereby causing a Fund to inadvertently fail to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code.

 

U.S. Government Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal.

 

Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. Floating or variable rate securities pay interest at rates that adjust in response to changes in a specified interest rate or reset at predetermined dates (such as the end of a calendar quarter). Securities with floating or variable interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. Inverse floating rate securities may decrease in value if interest rates increase. Inverse floating rate securities may also exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation with similar credit quality. When a Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the NAV of a Fund’s shares.

 

Fund Management

 

Empowered Funds, LLC dba EA Advisers acts as each Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”). The Adviser selects each Fund’s sub-adviser and oversees the sub-advisers’ management of the Funds. The Adviser also provides trading, execution and various other administrative services and supervises the overall daily affairs of the Funds. The Adviser is located at 19 East Eagle Road, Havertown, PA 19083 and is wholly-owned by Alpha Architect LLC. The Adviser is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”) and provides investment advisory services solely to the Fund and other exchange-traded funds. The Adviser was founded in October 2013.

 

The Adviser performs its services to each Fund pursuant to the terms of an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the EA Series Trust (the “Trust”) and the Adviser, each Fund will pay the Adviser an annual advisory fee based on its average daily net assets payable at the annual rates set forth in the table below:

 

Fund  Advisory Fee  
Strive Total Return Bond ETF  0.[  ]%  
Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF  0.[  ]%  

 

The Adviser (or an affiliate of the Adviser) bears all of the Adviser’s own costs associated with providing these advisory services and all expenses of the Funds, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under each Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses (including affiliated fund acquired fees and expenses), taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense (including class-action related services) and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses.

 

The Advisory Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser, and by the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice, and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.

 

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Investment Sub-Advisers

 

Strive Asset Management, LLC

 

The Adviser has retained Strive Asset Management, LLC (“Strive”), an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act, to provide sub-advisory services to the Funds. Strive is organized as an Ohio limited liability company with its principal offices located at 6515 Longshore Loop, Suite 100, Dublin, OH 43017. Strive was founded in 2022. Strive has discretionary authority over all of the Fund’s investments, including security selection and transaction execution. Strive constructs each Fund’s sector allocations and duration targets and has engaged, with the Adviser, Angel Oak, to be responsible for individual security selection and execution of Fund transactions.

 

Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser pays Strive a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on a Fund’s average daily net assets as follows:

 

Fund   Sub-Advisory Fee  
Strive Total Return Bond ETF   0.[  ]%  
Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF   0.[  ]%  

 

The Strive Sub-Advisory Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice to Strive, and by Strive upon 60 days’ written notice, and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.

 

Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC

 

Strive has retained Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (“Angel Oak”), an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act, to provide sub-advisory services to the Funds. Angel Oak has its principal offices located at 3344 Peachtree Road NE, Suite 1725, Atlanta, Georgia 30326. Angel Oak was formed in 2009 by the Managing Partners of the Adviser, Michael A. Fierman, and Sreeniwas (Sreeni) V. Prabhu. Angel Oak is 93.3% owned by Angel Oak Asset Management Holdings, LLC. Subject to the supervision and oversight of Strive, the Adviser and the Board, and pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Strive, the Adviser and Angel Oak (the “Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement”), Angel Oak is responsible for implementing the sector allocation and target duration provided by Strive by selecting the investments for each Fund in accordance with such sector allocations and duration targets, subject to the investment objective, policies and limitations of each Fund.

 

Pursuant to the Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement for each Fund, the Adviser pays Angel Oak a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on a Fund’s average daily net assets as follows:

 

Fund   Sub-Advisory Fee  
Strive Total Return Bond ETF   0.[  ]%  
Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF   0.[  ]%  

 

The Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice to Angel Oak, and by Angel Oak upon 60 days’ written notice, and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.

 

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Fund Sponsor

 

The Adviser has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with Strive pursuant to which Strive is also the sponsor of each Fund (“Fund Sponsor”). Under this arrangement, the Fund Sponsor has agreed to provide financial support to each Fund (as described below) and, in turn, the Adviser has agreed to share with the Fund Sponsor a portion of profits, if any, generated by each Fund’s Advisory Fee (also as described below). Every month, the Advisory Fee, which is a unitary management fee, is calculated and paid to the Adviser.

 

If the amount of the unitary management fee exceeds a Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, the Adviser pays the net total to the Fund Sponsor. The amount paid to the Fund Sponsor represents both the sub-advisory fee and any remaining profits from the Advisory Fee. During months where there are no profits or the funds are not sufficient to cover the entire sub-advisory fee, the sub-advisory fee is automatically waived.

 

If the amount of the unitary management fee is less than a Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, the Fund Sponsor is obligated to reimburse the Adviser for the shortfall.

 

Approval of Advisory Agreements

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement, the Strive Sub-Advisory Agreement, and the Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement with respect to a Fund will be available in a Fund’s annual report to shareholders for the period ended [ ].

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Mr. Matthew Cole is the portfolio manager at Strive who is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund.

 

Mr. Cole has been with Strive since 2022, where he is Chief Investment Officer and Head of Global Fixed Income. Prior to Mr. Cole’s tenure with Strive, Mr. Cole was a Fixed Income Portfolio Manager for a large U.S. pension fund. Mr. Cole served with the U.S. pension fund starting in 2011. Mr. Cole has a MBA in Finance and a B.Sc in Finance and Risk Management & Insurance from Sacramento State University. He is also a CFA® Charterholder.

 

Messrs. Sam Dunlap, Clayton Triick, Colin McBurnette and Ward Bortz are the portfolio managers at Angel Oak who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund.

 

Sam Dunlap is Chief Investment Officer, Public Strategies of Angel Oak and a Portfolio Manager of each Fund. Mr. Dunlap is also responsible for managing some of the separately managed accounts for Angel Oak’s clients. Mr. Dunlap began his capital markets career in 2002 and has investment experience across multiple sectors of fixed income markets. Prior to joining Angel Oak in 2009, Mr. Dunlap spent six years marketing and structuring interest rate derivatives with SunTrust Robinson Humphrey where he focused on both interest rate hedging products and interest rate linked structured notes. Mr. Dunlap’s previous experience included two years at Wachovia in Charlotte, North Carolina supporting the agency mortgage pass-through trading desk. Mr. Dunlap received a B.A. in Economics from the University of Georgia.

 

Clayton Triick, CFA®, is a Senior Portfolio Manager of Angel Oak and a Portfolio Manager of each Fund. Mr. Triick is a portfolio manager within the asset-backed securities markets within the structured products group and focuses on cross asset allocation and interest rate risk management of Angel Oak funds, the short duration strategies, and institutional separately managed accounts. Mr. Triick has been in the investment management industry since 2008 and has experience across multiple sectors of fixed income. Prior to joining Angel Oak in 2011, Mr. Triick worked for YieldQuest Advisors, where he was a member of the investment committee focusing on interest rate risk, currency risk, and commodity of the portfolios alongside directly managing the closed-end fund allocations within portfolios and individual accounts. Mr. Triick holds a B.B.A. in Finance from the Farmer School of Business at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and holds the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA®) designation.

 

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Colin McBurnette is a Senior Portfolio Manager of Angel Oak and a Portfolio Manager of each Fund. Mr. McBurnette focuses on security and portfolio analytics. Prior to joining Angel Oak in 2012, Mr. McBurnette worked for Prodigus Capital Management, where he served on the investment committee and ran the analytics group. He was responsible for acquisition and management of their distressed debt portfolio, as well as the development of their proprietary financial technology platform. Previously, Mr. McBurnette worked in the Real Estate Capital Markets group for Wachovia Bank and Wells Fargo where he focused on risk management for their commercial real estate REPO lines. Mr. McBurnette holds a B.B.A. in Finance and in Real Estate from the University of Georgia.

 

Ward Bortz is an ETF Portfolio Manager of Angel Oak and a Portfolio Manager of each Fund. Mr. Bortz’s portfolio management responsibilities are focused on the firm’s ETFs and strategy design. He has been in the financial services industry since 2006. Before joining Angel Oak, Mr. Bortz was a senior investment professional at some of the largest asset managers in the world, including Invesco, BlackRock and Dimensional Fund Advisors. He worked in a variety of roles including portfolio management, research, trading and strategy across fixed income, equities, and alternatives. Mr. Bortz holds a B.A. degree in Economics from the University of Chicago and an M.B.A. focused on finance and asset pricing from Columbia Business School.

 

The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers, including other accounts managed, ownership in the Fund, and compensation.

 

Other Service Providers

 

Quasar Distributors, LLC (“Distributor”) serves as the distributor of Creation Units (defined above) for the Funds on an agency basis. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in Shares.

 

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, is the administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent for the Funds.

 

U.S. Bank National Association is the custodian for the Funds.

 

Practus, LLP, 11300 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Suite 310, Leawood, Kansas 66211, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

 

[ ], serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Funds.

 

The Exchange

 

Shares of the Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated, in the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of Shares of a Fund to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Shares of the Funds in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Shares of the Funds. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential or any other damages (including lost profits) even if notified of the possibility of such damages.

 

Buying and Selling Fund Shares

 

Shares will be issued or redeemed by each Fund at NAV per Share only in Creation Units of [50,000] Shares. Purchases of Creation Units will primarily be in cash whereas redemptions of Creation Units will generally be in-kind and in cash.

 

Shares will trade on the secondary market, however, which is where most retail investors will buy and sell Shares. It is expected that only a limited number of institutional investors, called Authorized Participants or “APs,” will purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Funds. APs may acquire Shares directly from the Funds, and APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Funds, at NAV per Share only in large blocks, or Creation Units. Purchases and redemptions directly with the Funds must follow the Funds’ procedures, which are described in the SAI.

 

Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not redeemable with the Funds.

 

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Buying and Selling Shares on the Secondary Market

 

Most investors will buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers and, therefore, must have a brokerage account to buy and sell Shares. Shares can be bought or sold through your broker throughout the trading day like shares of any publicly traded issuer. The Trust does not impose any redemption fees or restrictions on redemptions of Shares in the secondary market. When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered prices in the secondary market for Shares. The price at which you buy or sell Shares (i.e., the market price) may be more or less than the NAV of the Shares. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest in a Fund and no minimum number of Shares you must buy.

 

Shares of each Fund are listed on the Exchange under the following symbol:

 

Fund   Trading Symbol  
Strive Total Return Bond ETF   [  ]  
Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF   [  ]  

 

The Exchange is generally open Monday through Friday and is closed for weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

 

For information about buying and selling Shares on the Exchange or in the secondary markets, please contact your broker or dealer.

 

Book Entry. Shares are held in book entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), or its nominee, will be the registered owner of all outstanding Shares of the Funds and is recognized as the owner of all Shares. Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any stocks that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of Shares, and tax information.

 

Your broker also will be responsible for distributing income dividends and capital gain distributions and for ensuring that you receive shareholder reports and other communications from each Fund.

 

Share Trading Prices. The trading prices of a Fund’s Shares may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV and can be affected by market forces of supply and demand for a Fund’s Shares, the prices of a Fund’s portfolio securities, economic conditions and other factors.

 

The Exchange through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association or another market information provider intends to disseminate the approximate value of a Fund’s portfolio every fifteen seconds during regular U.S. trading hours. This approximate value should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV of a Fund because the approximate value may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day. The quotations for certain investments may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the U.S., except such quotations may be updated to reflect currency fluctuations. The Funds are not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate values and make no warranty as to the accuracy of these values.

 

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Continuous Offering. The method by which Creation Units of Shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units of Shares are issued and sold by a Fund on an ongoing basis, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), may occur at any point. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirements and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent Shares and sells the Shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a characterization as an underwriter.

 

Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. As a result, broker-dealer firms should note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with engaging in ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with the Shares that are part of an overallotment within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the Securities Act is only available with respect to transactions on a national exchange.

 

Active Investors and Market Timing

 

The Board has evaluated the risks of market timing activities by the Funds’ shareholders. The Board noted that the Funds’ Shares can be purchased and redeemed directly from a Fund only in Creation Units by APs and that the vast majority of trading in the Funds’ Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because the secondary market trades do not directly involve the Funds, it is unlikely those trades would cause the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in the Funds’ trading costs and the realization of capital gains. With regard to the purchase or redemption of Creation Units directly with a Fund, to the extent effected in-kind (i.e., for securities), the Board noted that those trades do not cause the harmful effects (as previously noted) that may result from frequent cash trades. To the extent trades are effected in whole or in part in cash, the Board noted that those trades could result in dilution to a Fund and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact the Funds’ ability to achieve its investment objective, although in certain circumstances (e.g., in conjunction with a rebalance of a Fund’s underlying index), such trades may benefit Fund shareholders by increasing the tax efficiency of a Fund. The Board also noted that direct trading by APs is critical to ensuring that a Fund’s Shares trade at or close to NAV. In addition, the Funds may impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by a Fund in effecting trades. Given this structure, the Board determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter market timing of the Funds’ Shares.

 

Distribution and Service Plan

 

Each Fund has adopted the Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. Under the Plan, a Fund may be authorized to pay distribution fees of up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to the Distributor and other firms that provide distribution and shareholder services (“Service Providers”). As of the date of this Prospectus, the maximum amount payable under the Plan is set at 0% until further action by the Board. In the event 12b-1 fees are charged, over time they would increase the cost of an investment in a Fund because they would be paid on an ongoing basis.

 

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Net Asset Value

 

The NAV of Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.

 

Each Fund calculates its NAV per Share by:

 

  Taking the current market value of its total assets,

 

  Subtracting any liabilities, and

 

  Dividing that amount by the total number of Shares owned by shareholders.

 

If you buy or sell Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your Shares in Creation Units.

 

Equity securities that are traded on a national securities exchange, except those listed on the NASDAQ Global Market® (“NASDAQ”) are valued at the last reported sale price on the exchange on which the security is principally traded. Securities traded on NASDAQ will be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If, on a particular day, an exchange-traded or NASDAQ security does not trade, then the most recent quoted bid for exchange traded or the mean between the most recent quoted bid and ask price for NASDAQ securities will be used. Equity securities that are not traded on a listed exchange are generally valued at the last sale price in the over-the-counter market. If a nonexchange traded security does not trade on a particular day, then the mean between the last quoted closing bid and asked price will be used.

 

Fixed income investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at market value, which is ordinarily determined based on official closing prices or the last reported sale prices of an instrument. Where no such closing price or sale price is reported, market value is determined based on quotes obtained from market makers or prices supplied by one or more third-party pricing source (“Pricing Services”), which may include evaluated prices. The types of investments in which the Funds typically invest are generally valued on the basis of evaluated prices provided by Pricing Services. Such prices may be based on a number of factors, including, among other things, information obtained from market makers and estimates based on recent market prices for investments with similar characteristics.

 

Redeemable securities issued by open-end investment companies are valued at the investment company’s applicable net asset value, with the exception of exchange-traded open-end investment companies which are priced as equity securities.

 

If a market price is not readily available or is deemed not to reflect market value, the relevant Fund will determine the price of the security held by it based on a determination of the security’s fair value pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board.

 

To the extent a Fund holds securities that may trade infrequently, fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Shares. However, when a Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Shares’ NAV performance to diverge from the Shares’ market price and from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare a Fund’s performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate.

 

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Fund Website and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

Strive maintains a website for each Fund at www.strivefunds.com. Among other things, the website includes this Prospectus and the SAI, and will include each Fund’s holdings, each Fund’s last annual and semi-annual reports (when available). The website will show each Fund’s daily NAV per share, market price, and premium or discount, each as of the prior business day. The website will also show the extent and frequency of each Fund’s premiums and discounts. Further, the website will include the Fund’s median bid-ask spread over the most recent thirty calendar days.

 

Each day a Fund is open for business, the Trust publicly disseminates each Fund’s full portfolio holdings as of the close of the previous day through its website at www.strivefunds.com. A description of the Trust’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio holdings is available in the Funds’ SAI.

 

Investments by Other Investment Companies

 

For purposes of the Investment Company Act, Shares are issued by a registered investment company and purchases of such Shares by registered investment companies and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act are subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act, except as permitted by Rule 6c-11, Rule 12d1-4, or an exemptive order of the SEC.

 

Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes

 

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.

 

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when:

 

  Your Fund makes distributions,

 

  You sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and

 

  You purchase or redeem Creation Units.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

Dividends and Distributions. Each Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a regulated investment company, a Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. A Fund expects to declare and to distribute its net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends quarterly. A Fund will distribute net realized capital gains, if any, at least quarterly. A Fund may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on a Fund. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee a Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution. Distributions may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available.

 

Avoid “Buying a Dividend.” At the time you purchase Shares of a Fund, the Fund’s NAV may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in value of portfolio securities held by a Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying Shares of a Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gains distribution is sometimes known as “buying a dividend.”

 

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Taxes

 

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in the Fund will be taxed. The tax information below is provided as general information. More tax information is available in the SAI. You should consult your tax adviser about the federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund. Except as otherwise noted, the tax information provided assumes that you are a U.S. citizen or resident.

 

Unless your investment is through an IRA or other tax-advantaged account, you should carefully consider the possible tax consequences of Fund distributions and the sale of your Fund Shares.

 

Distributions. Each Fund contemplates declaring as dividends each year all or substantially all of its taxable income. Distributions you receive from a Fund are generally subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state or local taxes. This is true whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund Shares or receive them in cash. For federal tax purposes, a Fund’s distributions attributable to net investment income and short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income while distributions of long-term capital gains, if any, are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned your Fund Shares.

 

Under current provisions of the Code, the maximum individual rate applicable to long-term capital gains is generally either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. The preferential rate described above also applies to certain qualifying dividend income, but Fund distributions will generally not qualify for that favorable treatment and also will generally not qualify for the corporate dividends received deduction because each Fund will generally be earning interest income rather than dividend income.

 

Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of your investment to the extent of your basis in the Shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for tax purposes is treated as a return of your investment, reduces your basis in shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of shares. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per share and may be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital.

 

An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund Shares) of U.S. individuals, estates, and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.

 

Investments in lower-rated securities may present special tax issues for the Funds to the extent actual or anticipated defaults may be more likely with respect to those kinds of securities. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when an investor in such securities may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount, or market discount; when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities; how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income; and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a workout context are taxable. These and other issues will generally need to be addressed by a Fund, in the event it invests in such securities, so as to seek to eliminate or to minimize any adverse tax consequences. A Fund’s transactions in derivatives (such as futures contracts and swaps) will be subject to special tax rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to you. The Fund’s use of derivatives may result in the Fund realizing more short-term capital gains and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not use derivatives.

 

Although distributions are generally treated as taxable to you in the year they are paid, distributions declared in October, November, or December but paid in January are taxable as if they were paid in December. Character and tax status of all distributions will be available to shareholders after the close of each calendar year.

 

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The Funds may be subject to foreign withholding or other foreign taxes on income or gain from certain foreign securities. In general, the Fund may deduct these taxes in computing its taxable income.

 

If you buy Shares of a Fund before it makes a distribution, the distribution will be taxable to you even though it may actually be a return of a portion of your investment. This is known as “buying into a dividend.”

 

Taxes on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units. A person who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of exchange and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered and the amount of any cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of the securities received. The Internal Revenue Service, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of primarily securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities for Creation Units or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax adviser with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible and the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction.

 

Under current U.S. federal income tax laws, any capital gain or loss realized upon a redemption (or creation) of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares (or securities surrendered) have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares (or securities surrendered) have been held for one year or less.

 

Sales of Fund Shares. Your sale of Fund Shares is a taxable transaction for federal income tax purposes and may also be subject to state and local taxes. When you sell your Shares, you will generally recognize a capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between your adjusted tax basis in the Shares and the amount received. Generally, this capital gain or loss is long-term or short-term depending on whether your holding period exceeds one year, except that any loss realized on Shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gain dividends that were received on the Shares. Additionally, any loss realized on a sale, exchange or redemption of Shares of the Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent the Shares disposed of are replaced with other Shares of that Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition, (such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in Shares of the Fund). If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an adjustment to the basis of the Shares acquired.

 

Other Information. You may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% with respect to taxable distributions if you do not provide your correct taxpayer identification number, or certify that it is correct, or if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding.

 

Non-U.S. investors are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax and may be subject to estate tax with respect to their Fund shares. However, withholding is generally not required on properly designated distributions to non-U.S. investors of long-term capital gains. Non-U.S. investors generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding on certain distributions of interest income and/or short-term capital gains that are designated by the Fund. Although this designation will generally be made by the Fund for distributions of long-term and short-term capital gains, the Fund does not anticipate making any designations of interest income. Therefore, all distributions of interest income will generally be subject to withholding when paid to non-U.S. investors. More information about U.S. taxation and non-U.S. investors is included in the SAI.

 

Withholding of U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) is required with respect to payments of dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to enable the applicable withholding agent to determine whether withholding is required.

 

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Reporting to you and the IRS is required annually on Form 1099-B with respect to not only the gross proceeds of Fund Shares you sell or redeem but also their cost basis. Shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections with respect to their accounts. You should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the applicable intermediary and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on your federal income tax returns.

 

State and Local Taxes. Fund distributions and gains from the sale or exchange of your Shares generally are subject to state and local taxes.

 

Foreign Tax Credits. If a Fund qualifies to pass through to you the tax benefits from foreign taxes it pays on its investments, and elects to do so, then any foreign taxes it pays on these investments may be passed through to you as a foreign tax credit.

 

Possible Tax Law Changes. At the time that this prospectus is being prepared, various administrative and legislative changes to the federal tax laws are under consideration, but it is not possible at this time to determine whether any of these changes will be made or what the changes might entail.

 

This discussion of “Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in a Fund.

 

Financial Highlights

 

Each Fund is newly organized and therefore has not yet had any operations as of the date of this Prospectus and does not have financial highlights to present at this time.

 

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Annual/Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders

 

Additional information about each Fund will be in its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, when available. The annual report will explain the market conditions and investment strategies affecting each Fund’s performance during the last fiscal year.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The SAI dated [ ], 2023 which contains more details about the Funds, is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus, which means that it is legally part of this Prospectus.

 

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semi-annual report, when available, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Funds, please contact us as follows:

 

Call:   (215) 882-9983
     
Write:   19 East Eagle Road
    Havertown, PA 19083
     
Visit:   www.strivefunds.com

 

Paper Copies

 

Please note that paper copies of the Funds’ shareholder reports will generally not be sent, unless you specifically request paper copies of the Funds’ reports from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds’ website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

You may elect to receive all future Fund reports in paper free of charge. Please contact your financial intermediary to inform them that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of Fund shareholder reports and for details about whether your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with your financial intermediary.

 

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission

 

Information about the Funds, including their reports and the SAI, has been filed with the SEC. It can be reviewed on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov). You can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SEC’s e-mail address (publicinfo@sec.gov) or by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090.

 

Investment Company Act File No. 811-22961.

 

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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

[  ], 2022

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) describes the Strive Total Return Bond ETF and Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF (each, a “Fund”), each a series of the EA Series Trust, formerly known as the Alpha Architect ETF Trust (the “Trust”).

 

Shares of each Fund are listed and traded on [  ]

 

Empowered Funds, LLC, dba EA Advisers serves as the investment adviser to each Fund, Strive Asset Management, LLC serves as a sub-adviser to each Fund and Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC also serves as sub-adviser to each Fund. Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as the Distributor for each Fund.

 

Shares of the Funds are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. Government.

 

This SAI, dated [ ], 2023, as supplemented from time to time, is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the Funds’ Prospectus, dated [ ], 2023, as supplemented from time to time, which incorporates this SAI by reference. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by writing to the Distributor, calling (215) 882-9983 or visiting www.strivefunds.com.

 

When available, a copy of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained without charge by writing to EA Advisers, 19 East Eagle Rd, Havertown PA 19083, calling 215-882-9983 or visiting www.strivefunds.com.

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

GLOSSARY   1
TRUST AND FUNDS OVERVIEW   2
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING   3
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS   3
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS   3
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS   5
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND   24
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES   29
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES   30
PORTFOLIO MANAGER   33
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE   37
THE DISTRIBUTOR   39
ACCOUNTING AND LEGAL SERVICE PROVIDERS   40
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES   40
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE   50
TAXES   51
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   58
Appendix A - Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of Strive Asset Management, LLC   A-1
Appendix B - Description of Securities Ratings   B-1

 

i

 

 

GLOSSARY

 

The following terms are used throughout this SAI, and have the meanings used below (note that various other terms are defined in the text of this SAI):

 

1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

1934 Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

Adviser” means Empowered Funds, LLC dba EA Advisers.

 

Angel Oak” means Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC, a sub-adviser to the Fund.

 

Authorized Participant” means a broker-dealer or other participant in the Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) or a participant in DTC with access to the DTC system, and who has executed an agreement with the Distributor that governs transactions in the Fund’s Creation Units.

 

Balancing Amount” means an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the In-Kind Creation (or Redemption) Basket, used to ensure that the NAV of a Fund Deposit (or Redemption) (other than the Transaction Fee), is identical to the NAV of the Creation Unit being purchased.

 

Board” or “Trustees” means the Board of Trustees of the Trust.

 

Business Day” means any day on which the Trust is open for business.

 

Cash Component” means an amount of cash consisting of a Balancing Amount calculated in connection with creations.

 

Cash Redemption Amount” means an amount of cash consisting of a Balancing Amount calculated in connection with redemptions.

 

Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

Creation Unit” means an aggregation of [50,000] Shares. that the Fund issues and redeems on a continuous basis at NAV. Shares will not be issued or redeemed except in Creation Units.

 

Distributor” means Quasar Distributors, LLC.

 

Dodd-Frank Act” means the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

 

DTC” means the Depository Trust Company.

 

Exchange” means [ ]

 

ETF” means an exchange-traded fund.

 

FINRA” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

 

Fund” means each series of the Trust described in this SAI: Strive Total Return Bond ETF and Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF.

 

Fund Deposit” means the In-Kind Creation Basket and Cash Component necessary to purchase a Creation Unit from a Fund.

 

Fund Redemption” means the In-Kind Redemption Basket and Cash Redemption Amount received in connection with the redemption of a Creation Unit.

 

1

 

 

In-Kind Creation Basket” means the basket of securities to be deposited to purchase Creation Units of a Fund.

 

In-Kind Redemption Basket” means the basket of securities a shareholder will receive upon redemption of a Creation Unit.

 

Investment Company Act” or “1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

IRS” means the Internal Revenue Service.

 

NAV” means the net asset value of a Fund.

 

NSCC” means the National Securities Clearing Corporation.

 

NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

 

Prospectus” means the Fund’s Prospectus, dated [ ], 2023, as amended and supplemented from time to time.

 

SAI” means this Statement of Additional Information, dated [ ], 2023, as amended and supplemented from time to time.

 

SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Shares” means the shares of a Fund.

 

“Strive” means Strive Asset Management, LLC, a sub-adviser to the Fund.

 

Transaction Fee” is a fee that may be imposed to compensate the Trust or its custodian for costs incurred in connection with transactions for Creation Units. The Transaction Fee, when applicable, is comprised of a flat (or standard) fee and may include a variable fee. For the Transaction Fees applicable to the Fund, see “Transaction Fees” in this SAI.

 

Trust” means the EA Series Trust, a Delaware statutory trust.

 

TRUST AND FUND OVERVIEW

 

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust formed on October 11, 2013. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act. The Strive Total Return Bond Fund seeks to maximize total return. The Strive Enhanced Cash ETF seeks to provide current income while seeking to minimize price volatility and maintain liquidity.

 

This SAI relates to the following Funds: Strive Total Return Bond ETF and Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF.

 

Diversification

 

Each Fund is a non-diversified ETF.

 

However, if a Fund purchases a security and holds it for a period of time, the security may become a larger percentage of the Fund’s total assets due to movements in the financial markets. If the market affects several securities held by a Fund, the Fund may have a greater percentage of its assets invested in securities of fewer issuers.

 

Each Fund offers and issues Shares at NAV only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares, generally in exchange for cash or a basket of securities together with the deposit of a specified cash payment. Shares of the Fund will be listed and traded on the Exchange. Shares will trade on the Exchange at market prices that may be below, at, or above NAV.

 

2

 

 

Unlike mutual funds, Shares are not individually redeemable securities. Rather, each Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis at NAV, only in Creation Units of [50,000] Shares, which amount may be changed from time to time.

 

In the instance of creations and redemptions, Transaction Fees may be imposed. Such fees are limited in accordance with requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. Some of the information contained in this SAI and the Prospectus — such as information about purchasing and redeeming Shares from a Fund and Transaction Fees — is not relevant to most retail investors because it applies only to transactions for Creation Units and most retail investors do not transact for Creation Units.

 

Once created, Shares generally trade in the secondary market, at market prices that change throughout the day, in amounts less than a Creation Unit. Investors purchasing Shares in the secondary market through a brokerage account or with the assistance of a broker may be subject to brokerage commissions and charges.

 

EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING

 

Shares of each Fund will be listed and traded on an Exchange. Shares trade on an Exchange or in secondary markets at prices that may differ from their NAV, because such prices may be affected by market forces (such as supply and demand for Shares). As is the case of other securities traded on an exchange, when you buy or sell Shares on an Exchange or in the secondary markets your broker will normally charge you a commission or other transaction charges. Further, the Trust reserves the right to adjust the price of Shares in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors (namely, to maintain a price per Share that is attractive to investors) by share splits or reverse share splits, which would have no effect on the NAV.

 

There can be no assurance that the requirements of an Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares of the Fund will continue to be met. An Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the Shares of the Fund from listing if: (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning at the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of the Shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, or (ii) such other event shall occur or condition exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. An Exchange will remove the Shares of the Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.

 

The Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by an Exchange. The Exchanges make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares of the Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly or the ability of the Fund to achieve its objectives. The Exchanges have no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Fund.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio securities. Under the policy, portfolio holdings of the Funds, which will form the basis for the calculation of NAV on a Business Day, are publicly disseminated prior to the opening of trading on the Exchange that Business Day through financial reporting or news services, including the website www.strivefunds.com In addition, each Business Day a portfolio composition file, which displays the In-Kind Creation Basket and Cash Component, is publicly disseminated prior to the opening of the Exchange via the NSCC.

 

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS

 

The Trust has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to the Funds. These restrictions cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of a Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund.

 

3

 

 

The investment policies enumerated in this section may be changed with respect to a Fund only by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, except as noted below:

 

1. Each Fund may not borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

 

2. Each Fund may not issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

 

3. Each Fund may not engage in the business of underwriting securities except to the extent that the Fund may be considered an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act in the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities or in connection with investments in other investment companies, or to the extent otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

 

4. Each Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

 

5. Each Fund may not purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, and provided that this limitation does not prevent the Fund from (i) purchasing or selling securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or that invest in commodities; (ii) engaging in any transaction involving currencies, options, forwards, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, swaps, hybrid instruments or other derivatives; or (iii) investing in securities, or transacting in other instruments, that are linked to or secured by physical or other commodities.

 

6. Each Fund may not make loans, except to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

 

7. Each Fund will concentrate its respective investments in residential mortgage-backed securities (agency and non-agency) and commercial mortgage-backed securities.

 

The following notations are not considered to be part of each Fund’s fundamental investment limitation and are subject to change without shareholder approval. If a percentage limitation is satisfied at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from a change in the value of a Fund’s investments will not constitute a violation of such limitation. Thus, a Fund may continue to hold a security even though it causes the Fund to exceed a percentage limitation because of fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s assets, except that any borrowing by a Fund that exceeds the fundamental investment limitations stated above must be reduced to meet such limitations within the period required by the Investment Company Act or the relevant rules, regulations or interpretations thereunder, as described below.

 

With respect to the fundamental investment limitation relating to borrowing set forth in (1) above, pursuant to Section 18(f)(1) of the Investment Company Act, a Fund may not issue any class of senior security or sell any senior security of which it is the issuer, except that a Fund shall be permitted to borrow from any bank so long as immediately after such borrowings, there is an asset coverage of at least 300% and that in the event such asset coverage falls below this percentage, the Fund shall reduce the amount of its borrowings, within three days, to an extent that the asset coverage shall be at least 300%.

 

With respect to the fundamental investment restriction regarding real estate set forth in (4) above, the Funds will not make direct investments in real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. Although a Fund may purchase and sell other interests in real estate including securities which are secured by real estate, or securities of companies which make real estate loans or own, or invest or deal in, real estate.

 

4

 

 

With respect to the fundamental investment limitation relating to lending set forth in (6) above, this means that a Fund may not make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties. The fundamental investment limitation relating to lending restricts, but does not prevent entirely, a Fund’s (i) lending of portfolio securities, (ii) purchase of debt securities, other debt instruments, loan participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with its investment goals and policies, and (iii) use of repurchase agreements to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.

 

With respect to the fundamental investment limitation relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the Investment Company Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of more than 25% of a Fund’s net assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. For purposes of this limitation, there is no limit on: (1) investments in U.S. government securities, in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, or in tax-exempt securities issued by the states, territories, or possessions of the United States (“municipal securities”), excluding private activity municipal securities whose principal and interest payments are derived principally from the assets and revenues of a non-governmental entity; or (2) investments in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction provided that the Fund does not invest greater than 25% in a particular industry. The residential mortgage-backed securities (agency and non-agency), commercial mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans in which the Total Return Bond Fund and the Enhanced Cash Funds invest, under normal circumstances, more than 25% of its total assets (measured at the time of purchase) represent investments in the real estate industry.

 

For purposes of applying the limitation set forth in the concentration policy set forth in (7) above, the Funds, with respect to their equity holdings, may use the FactSet Revere Business Industry Classification System, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes, MSCI Global Industry Classification System, FTSE/Dow Jones Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) system or any other reasonable industry classification system (including systems developed by the Adviser) to identify each industry. Securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), some tax-free securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions (and repurchase agreements collateralized by government securities) and securities of other investment companies, whether registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the Investment Company Act, are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.

 

Each Fund’s method of applying the limitation set forth in the above concentration policy may differ from the methods used by the Trust’s other series.

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS

 

The investment objective, principal strategies of, and risks of investing in each Fund is described in the Prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or this SAI, the investment objective and policies of a Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.

 

Each Fund may also engage in the following investment strategies or techniques (except where indicated otherwise).

 

Corporate Debt Securities

 

Corporate debt securities are long- and short-term debt obligations issued by companies (such as publicly issued and privately placed bonds, notes and commercial paper). Angel Oak Capital considers corporate debt securities to be of investment grade quality if they are rated BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) or an equivalent rating from another National Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization, or if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Investment grade debt securities generally have adequate to strong protection of principal and interest payments. In the lower end of this category, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal than in higher rated categories. For additional information about these rating rankings, see Appendix A - Description of Securities Ratings.

 

5

 

 

Collateralized Debt Obligations Risk

 

CDOs are a type of asset-backed security, and include CBOs, CLOs, and other similarly structured securities. A CBO is a trust which may be backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, second lien loans or other types of subordinate loans, and mezzanine loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans and including loans that may be covenant-lite. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses. The cash flows from the CDO trust are generally split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. Senior tranches are paid from the cash flows from the underlying assets before the junior tranches and equity or “first loss” tranches. Losses are first borne by the equity tranches, next by the junior tranches, and finally by the senior tranches. Holders of interests in the senior tranches are entitled to the lowest interest rate payments but those interests generally involve less credit risk as they are typically paid before junior tranches. The holders of interests in the most junior tranches, such as equity tranches, typically are entitled to be paid the highest interest rate payments but suffer the highest risk of loss should the holder of an underlying debt instrument default. If some debt instruments default and the cash collected by the CDO is insufficient to pay all of its investors, those in the lowest, most junior tranches suffer losses first. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CDO trust typically has higher ratings and lower potential yields than the underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, more senior CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults and aversion to CDO securities as a class.

 

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the quality and type of the collateral and the tranche of the CDO in which the Opportunistic Bond ETF invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, there may be a limited secondary market for investments in CDOs and such investments may be illiquid. In addition to the risks associated with debt instruments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the Opportunistic Bond ETF may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes of the issuer’s securities; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

 

During periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes dramatically, with respect to debt obligations.

 

Preferred Stocks

 

Each Fund may invest in preferred stocks, including convertible and non-convertible preferred and preference stocks that are senior to common stock. Preferred stocks are equity securities that are senior to common stock with respect to the right to receive dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from the issuer’s liquidation. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of the issuer’s common stock, and thus represent an ownership interest in the issuer. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders of preferred stock may bear the risks disclosed in the Prospectus or this SAI regarding equity or fixed income securities.

 

Hybrid Securities

 

Preferred stock, including trust-preferred stocks, has a preference in liquidation (and, generally dividends) over common stock but is subordinated in liquidation to debt. As a general rule the market value of preferred stocks with fixed dividend rates and no conversion rights varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, with the price determined by the dividend rate. Some preferred stocks are convertible into other securities (for example, common stock) at a fixed price and ratio or upon the occurrence of certain events. The market price of convertible preferred stocks generally reflects an element of conversion value. Because many preferred stocks lack a fixed maturity date, these securities generally fluctuate substantially in value when interest rates change; such fluctuations often exceed those of long-term bonds of the same issuer.

 

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Some preferred stocks pay an adjustable dividend that may be based on an index, formula, auction procedure or other dividend rate reset mechanism. In the absence of credit deterioration, adjustable rate preferred stocks tend to have more stable market values than fixed rate preferred stocks. All preferred stocks are also subject to the same types of credit risks of the issuer as corporate bonds. In addition, because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of an issuer, deterioration in the credit rating of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similar yield characteristics. Preferred stocks may be rated by S&P and Moody’s although there is no minimum rating which a preferred stock must have (and a preferred stock may not be rated) to be an eligible investment for the Funds. The Adviser expects, however, that generally the preferred stocks in which the Funds invest will be rated at least CCC by S&P or Caa by Moody’s or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of Angel Oak. Preferred stocks rated CCC by S&P are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay preferred stock obligations and represent the highest degree of speculation among securities rated between BB and CCC; preferred stocks rated Caa by Moody’s are likely to be in arrears on dividend payments. Moody’s rating with respect to preferred stocks does not purport to indicate the future status of payments of dividends.

 

Convertible Securities

 

The Funds may invest in convertible securities which are preferred stocks or bonds that pay a fixed dividend or interest payment and are convertible into common stock or other equity interests at a specified price or conversion ratio during a specified period. Although convertible bonds, convertible preferred stocks, and other securities convertible into equity securities may have some attributes of income securities or debt securities, the Funds generally treat such securities as equity securities. By investing in convertible securities, the Funds may seek income, and may also seek the opportunity, through the conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the common stock or other interests into which the securities are convertible, while potentially earning a higher fixed rate of return than is ordinarily available in common stocks. While the value of convertible securities depends in part on interest rate changes and the credit quality of the issuers, the value of these securities will also change based on changes in the value of the underlying stock. Income paid by a convertible security may provide a limited cushion against a decline in the price of the security; however, convertible securities generally have less potential for gain than common stocks. Also, convertible bonds generally pay less income than non-convertible bonds.

 

The Funds may invest in contingent securities structured as contingent convertible securities, also known as CoCos.” Contingent convertible securities are hybrid debt securities typically issued by non-U.S. banks and are designed to behave like bonds in times of economic health and either convert into equity at a predetermined share price or are written down in value based on the specific terms of the individual security if a pre-specified trigger event occurs. Unlike traditional convertible securities, the conversion of a contingent convertible security from debt to equity is “contingent” and will occur only in the case of a trigger event. Trigger events vary by instrument and are defined by the documents governing the contingent convertible security. Trigger events may include a decline in the issuer’s capital below a specified threshold level, increase in the issuer’s risk weighted assets, the share price of the issuer falling to a particular level for a certain period of time and certain regulatory events.

 

Contingent convertible securities are subject to the credit, interest rate, high yield security, foreign security and markets risks associated with bonds and equities, and to the risks specific to convertible securities in general. Contingent convertible securities are also subject to additional risks specific to their structure including conversion risk. Because trigger events are not consistently defined among contingent convertible securities, this risk is greater for contingent convertible securities that are issued by banks with capital ratios close to the level specified in the trigger event.

 

In addition, coupon payments on contingent convertible securities are discretionary and may be cancelled by the issuer at any point, for any reason, and for any length of time. Due to the uncertainty surrounding coupon payments, contingent convertible securities may be volatile and their price may decline rapidly in the event that coupon payments are suspended.

 

Convertible contingent securities are a newer form of instrument and the regulatory environment for these instruments continues to evolve. Because the market for contingent convertible securities is evolving, it is uncertain how the larger market for contingent convertible securities would react to a trigger event or coupon suspension applicable to a single issuer.

 

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Defaulted Securities

 

The Total Return Bond ETF may invest in securities in default. Defaulted securities risk refers to the significant risk of the uncertainty of repayment of defaulted securities (e.g., a security on which a principal or interest payment is not made when due) and obligations of distressed issuers (including insolvent issuers or issuers in payment or covenant default, in workout or restructuring or in bankruptcy or similar proceedings). Because the issuer of such securities is in default and is likely to be in distressed financial condition, repayment of defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers is subject to significant uncertainties. Insolvency laws and practices in foreign markets, and especially emerging market countries, are different than those in the U.S. and the effect of these laws and practices cannot be predicted with certainty. Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers are considered speculative and entail high risk.

 

Senior Loan and Subordination Risk

 

In addition to the risks typically associated with debt securities and loans generally, Senior Loans are also subject to the risk that a court could subordinate a Senior Loan, which typically holds a senior position in the capital structure of a borrower, to presently existing or future indebtedness or take other action detrimental to the holders of Senior Loans.

 

The Total Return ETF’s investments in Senior Loans may be collateralized with one or more of (1) working capital assets, such as accounts receivable and inventory, (2) tangible fixed assets, such as real property, buildings and equipment, (3) intangible assets such as trademarks or patents, or (4) security interests in shares of stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. In the case of loans to a non-public company, the company’s shareholders or owners may provide collateral in the form of secured guarantees and/or security interests in assets they own. However, the value of the collateral may decline after the Total Return ETF buys the Senior Loan, particularly if the collateral consists of equity securities of the borrower or its affiliates. If a borrower defaults, insolvency laws may limit the Total Return ETF’s access to the collateral, or the lenders may be unable to liquidate the collateral. A bankruptcy court might find that the collateral securing the Senior Loan is invalid or require the borrower to use the collateral to pay other outstanding obligations. If the collateral consists of stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries, the stock may lose all of its value in the event of a bankruptcy, which would leave the Total Return ETF exposed to greater potential loss. As a result, a collateralized Senior Loan may not be fully collateralized and can decline significantly in value.

 

If a borrower defaults on a collateralized Senior Loan, the Total Return ETF may receive assets other than cash or securities in full or partial satisfaction of the borrower’s obligation under the Senior Loan. Those assets may be illiquid, and the Total Return ETF might not be able to realize the benefit of the assets for legal, practical or other reasons. The Total Return ETF might hold those assets until the Adviser determined it was appropriate to dispose of them. If the collateral becomes illiquid or loses some or all of its value, the collateral may not be sufficient to protect the Total Return ETF in the event of a default of scheduled interest or principal payments.

 

The Total Return ETF can invest in Senior Loans that are not secured. If the borrower is unable to pay interest or defaults in the payment of principal, there will be no collateral on which the Total Return ETF can foreclose. Therefore, these loans typically present greater risks than collateralized Senior Loans.

 

Due to restrictions on transfers in loan agreements and the nature of the private syndication of Senior Loans including, for example, the lack of publicly-available information, some Senior Loans are not as easily purchased or sold as publicly-traded securities. Some Senior Loans and other Total Return ETF investments are illiquid, which may make it difficult for the Total Return ETF to value them or dispose of them at an acceptable price. Direct investments in Senior Loans and investments in participation interests in or assignments of Senior Loans may be limited.

 

Mortgage-Backed Securities

 

The Funds may invest in mortgage-backed securities. These investments include agency pass-through certificates, private mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage-backed securities, stripped mortgage-backed securities and adjustable-rate mortgage securities, as defined and described below.

 

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A mortgage-backed security is a type of pass-through security, which is a security representing pooled debt obligations repackaged as interests that pass income through an intermediary to investors. In the case of mortgage-backed securities, the ownership interest is in a pool of mortgage loans. Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) are backed by a pool of mortgages on residential property while commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) are backed by a pool of mortgages on commercial property.

 

Mortgage-backed securities are most commonly issued or guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae” or “GNMA”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae” or “FNMA”) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac” or “FHLMC”) but may also be issued or guaranteed by other private issuers.

 

GNMA is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities.

 

Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation that issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”), which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

 

On September 6, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of FNMA and FHLMC. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department agreed to provide FNMA and FHLMC with up to $100 billion of capital each to ensure that they are able to continue to provide ongoing liquidity to the U.S. home mortgage market. FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remain liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities.

 

Privately Issued Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers, whether or not such obligations are subject to guarantees by the private issuer, may entail greater risk than obligations directly or indirectly guaranteed by the U.S. government. Any investments the Portfolio makes in mortgage-related securities that are issued by private issuers have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. Private issuers include commercial banks, savings associations, mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies and special purpose finance entities (called special purpose vehicles or structured investment vehicles) and other entities that acquire and package mortgage loans for resale as mortgage-related securities. Unlike mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its sponsored entities, mortgage-related securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, but may have credit enhancement provided by external entities such as banks or financial institutions or achieved through the structuring of the transaction itself. Examples of such credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include: (1) the issuance of senior and subordinated securities (e.g., the issuance of securities by a special purpose vehicle in multiple classes or “tranches,” with one or more classes being senior to other subordinated classes as to the payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying mortgage loans are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class); (2) the creation of “reserve funds” (in which case cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying mortgage loans, are held in reserve against future losses); and (3) “overcollateralization” (in which case the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying mortgage loans exceeds that required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). However, there can be no guarantee that credit enhancements, if any, will be sufficient to prevent losses in the event of defaults on the underlying mortgage loans.

 

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In addition, mortgage-related securities that are issued by private issuers are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying private mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Privately issued pools more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value mortgages and manufactured housing loans. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a private-label mortgage-related securities pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.

 

The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments may include a general economic turndown, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable-rate mortgages.

 

Privately issued mortgage-related securities are generally less liquid than obligations directly or indirectly guaranteed by the U.S. government or a government-sponsored entity, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in the Portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.

 

The average life of a mortgage-backed security is likely to be substantially less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the securities. Prepayments of principal by mortgagors and mortgage foreclosures will usually result in the return of the greater part of principal invested far in advance of the maturity of the mortgages in the pool or can result in credit losses.

 

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. Collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities (collateral collectively referred to hereinafter as “Mortgage Assets”). Multi-class pass-through securities are interests in a trust composed of Mortgage Assets. All references in this section to CMOs include multi-class pass-through securities. Principal prepayments on the Mortgage Assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates, resulting in a loss of all or part of the premium if any has been paid. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. The principal and interest payments on the Mortgage Assets may be allocated among the various classes of CMOs in several ways. Typically, payments of principal, including any prepayments, on the underlying mortgages are applied to the classes in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal is made on CMOs of a class until all CMOs of other classes having earlier stated maturities or final distribution dates have been paid in full.

 

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”) are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage assets. The Portfolio will only invest in SMBS whose mortgage assets are U.S. government obligations. A common type of SMBS will be structured so that one class receives some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class receives most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Portfolio may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities. The market value of any class which consists primarily or entirely of principal payments generally is unusually volatile in response to changes in interest rates.

 

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Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Securities. The Funds may invest in Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Securities (“ARMS”). ARMS are pass-through mortgage securities collateralized by mortgages with interest rates that are adjusted from time to time. ARMS also include adjustable-rate tranches of CMOs. The adjustments usually are determined in accordance with a predetermined interest rate index and may be subject to certain limits. While the values of ARMS, like other debt securities, generally vary inversely with changes in market interest rates (increasing in value during periods of declining interest rates and decreasing in value during periods of increasing interest rates), the values of ARMS should generally be more resistant to price swings than other debt securities because the interest rates of ARMS move with market interest rates. The adjustable-rate feature of ARMS will not, however, eliminate fluctuations in the prices of ARMS, particularly during periods of extreme fluctuations in interest rates. Moreover, rising interest rates may lead to borrowers on mortgages underlying ARMS not being able to afford the corresponding higher payments, which could negatively impact the credit and prices of non-agency ARMS.

 

ARMS typically have caps which limit the maximum amount by which the interest rate may be increased or decreased at periodic intervals or over the life of the loan. To the extent interest rates increase in excess of the caps, ARMS can be expected to behave more like traditional debt securities and to decline in value to a greater extent than would be the case in the absence of such caps. Also, since many adjustable-rate mortgages only reset on an annual basis, it can be expected that the prices of ARMS will fluctuate to the extent changes in prevailing interest rates are not immediately reflected in the interest rates payable on the underlying adjustable-rate mortgages. The extent to which the prices of ARMS fluctuate with changes in interest rates will also be affected by the indices underlying the ARMS.

 

Risks of Investing in Mortgage-Backed Securities. Investment in mortgage-backed securities poses several risks, including, among others, prepayment, market and credit risk. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages faster than expected, thereby affecting the investment’s average life and perhaps its yield. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages may also be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions. Market risk reflects the risk that the price of a security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, and the Portfolio invested in such securities wishing to sell them may find it difficult to find a buyer, which may in turn decrease the price at which they may be sold. Credit risk reflects the risk that the Portfolio may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer or credit enhancer has defaulted on its obligations. Obligations issued by U.S. government-related entities are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The performance of private label mortgage-backed securities, issued by private institutions, is based on the financial health of those institutions.

 

The risks to which CMBS are subject differ somewhat from the risks to which RMBS are subject. CMBS are typically backed by a much smaller number of mortgages than RMBS are, so problems with one or a small number of mortgages backing a CMBS can have a large impact on its value. As CMBS have a less diversified pool of loans backing them, they are much more susceptible to property-specific risk. The values of CMBS are also more sensitive to macroeconomic trends. For example, when the economy slows rents generally decrease and vacancies generally increase for commercial real estate. Similarly, as many CMBS have a large exposure to retail properties, events that negatively impact the retail industry can also negatively impact the value of CMBS.

 

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Money Market Instruments

 

The Fund may invest in money market instruments including U.S. Government obligations or corporate debt obligations (including those subject to repurchase agreements) provided that they are eligible for purchase by the Fund. Money market instruments also may include banker’s acceptances and certificates of deposit of domestic branches of U.S. banks, commercial paper, and variable amount demand master notes (“Master Notes”). Banker’s acceptances are time drafts drawn on and “accepted” by a bank. When a bank “accepts” such a time draft, it assumes liability for its payment. When the Fund acquires a banker’s acceptance, the bank that “accepted” the time draft is liable for payment of interest and principal when due. The banker’s acceptance carries the full faith and credit of such bank. A certificate of deposit (“CD”) is an unsecured, interest-bearing debt obligation of a bank. Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term debt obligation of a bank, corporation, or other borrower. Commercial paper maturity generally ranges from two to 270 days and is usually sold on a discounted basis rather than as an interest-bearing instrument. The Fund will invest in commercial paper only if it is rated in one of the top two rating categories by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, or Fitch Investors Service, Inc., or if not rated, of equivalent quality in the Sub-Adviser’s opinion. Commercial paper may include Master Notes of the same quality. Master Notes are unsecured obligations that are redeemable upon demand of the holder and that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest. Master Notes will be acquired by the Fund only through the Master Note program of the Fund’s custodian bank, acting as administrator thereof. The Sub-Adviser will monitor, on a continuous basis, the earnings power, cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of the issuer of a Master Note held by the Fund.

 

U.S. Government Securities

 

The Fund may invest in U.S. Government securities, defined to be (i) U.S. Treasury notes, U.S. Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury bills, and other U.S. Government obligations; (ii) obligations of the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and other U.S. Government sponsored entities that are guaranteed by the U.S. Government; and (iii) obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Federal Farm Credit Bank (FFCB), Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA), The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and other U.S. Government authorities, agencies, and instrumentalities. While obligations of some U.S. Government sponsored entities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (e.g., GNMA), others are not. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities in the future since it is not obligated to do so by law. The guarantee of the U.S. Government does not extend to the yield or value of the Fund’s shares.

 

Debentures

 

The Total Return ETF may invest in debentures is long-term, unsecured, debt instrument backed only by the integrity of the borrower, not by collateral, and documented by an indenture. Governments often issue debentures, in part because they generally cannot guarantee debt with assets (government assets are public property). The primary risk with this type of investment is that the issuer will default or go into bankruptcy. As an unsecured creditor, in the event of default or bankruptcy, the holder of a debenture does not have a claim against any specific assets of the issuing firm, so the investor will only be paid from the issuer’s assets after the secured creditors have been paid. The Fund may invest in all types of debentures, including corporate and government debentures.

 

Derivative Instruments Risk

 

When a Fund enters into options, futures, and other forms of financial derivatives, such as foreign exchange contracts, the investments involve risks different from direct investments in the underlying securities. While transactions in derivatives may reduce certain risks, these transactions themselves entail certain other risks. For example, unanticipated changes in expected future volatility, interest rates, securities prices, or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall performance of the Fund than if they had not entered into any derivatives transactions. Derivatives may magnify the Fund’s gains or losses, causing it to make or lose substantially more than it invested. When the Fund invests in options, futures, and other forms of financial derivatives, the Fund will comply with the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and the guidance of no-action letters issued by the SEC, including Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act.

 

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When used for hedging purposes, increases in the value of the securities a Fund holds or intends to acquire may offset any losses incurred with a derivative. Purchasing derivatives for purposes other than hedging could expose a Fund to greater risks.

 

A Fund’s ability to hedge securities through derivatives depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index or instrument correlate with price movements in the relevant securities. In the case of poor correlation, the price of the securities the Fund is hedging may not move in the same amount, or even in the same direction as the hedging instrument. A Fund will try to minimize this risk by investing only in those contracts whose behavior it expects to resemble with the portfolio securities it is trying to hedge. However, if a Fund’s prediction of interest and currency rates, market value, expected future volatility, or other economic factors is incorrect, the Fund may lose money, or may not make as much money as it expected.

 

Derivative prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the characteristics of the underlying instruments are very similar to the derivative. Listed below are some of the factors that may cause such a divergence:

 

  current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in expected future volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract;

 

  a difference between the derivatives and securities markets, including different levels of demand, how the instruments are traded, the imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading of an instrument stops; and

 

  differences between the derivatives, such as different margin requirements, different liquidity of such markets, and the participation of speculators in such markets.

 

Derivatives based upon a narrow index of securities may present greater risk than derivatives based on a broad index. Since narrower indices are made up of a smaller number of securities, they may be more susceptible to rapid and extreme price fluctuations because of changes in the value of those securities.

 

While currency futures and options values are expected to correlate with exchange rates, they may not reflect other factors that affect the value of the investments of the Fund. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a yen-denominated security from a decline in the yen, but will not protect a Fund against a price decline resulting from deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness. Because the value of a Fund’s foreign-denominated investments, if any, changes in response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may not be possible to match the amount of currency options and futures to the value of the Fund’s investments precisely over time.

 

Before a futures contract or option is exercised or expires, a Fund can terminate it only by entering into a closing purchase or sale transaction. Moreover, in some cases, a Fund may close out a futures contract only on the exchange the contract was initially traded. Although a Fund intends to purchase options and futures only where there appears to be an active market, there is no guarantee that such a liquid market will exist. If there is no secondary market for the contract, or the market is illiquid, a Fund may not be able to close out a position. In an illiquid market, a Fund may:

 

  have to sell securities to meet its daily margin requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so;

 

  have to purchase or sell the instrument underlying the contract;

 

  not be able to hedge its investments; and

 

  not be able to realize profits or limit its losses.

 

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Derivatives may become illiquid (i.e., difficult to sell at a desired time and price) under a variety of market conditions. For example:

 

  an exchange may suspend or limit trading in a particular derivative instrument, an entire category of derivatives, or all derivatives, which sometimes occurs because of increased market volatility;

 

  unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations of an exchange;

 

  the facilities of the exchange may not be adequate to handle current trading volume;

 

  equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house, or other occurrences may disrupt normal trading activity; or

 

  investors may lose interest in a particular derivative or category of derivatives.

 

If a Fund incorrectly predicts securities market, expected future volatility or interest rate trends, the Fund may lose money by investing in derivatives. For example, if a Fund were to write a call option based on the expectation that the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price rose instead, the Fund could be required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if a Fund were to write a put option based on the expectation that the price of the underlying security would rise, but the price fell instead, a Fund could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.

 

Because of the low margin deposits required upon the opening of a derivative position, such transactions may involve an extremely high degree of leverage. Consequently, a relatively small price movement in a derivative may result in an immediate and substantial loss (as well as gain) to the Fund and they may lose more than it originally invested in the derivative.

 

If the price of a futures contract changes adversely, a Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so to meet its minimum daily margin requirement. A Fund may lose margin deposits if a broker with whom they have an open futures contract or related option becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy.

 

The prices of derivatives are volatile (i.e., they may change rapidly, substantially, and unpredictably) and are influenced by a variety of factors, including:

 

  actual and anticipated changes in interest rates;

 

  fiscal and monetary policies; and

 

  national and international political events.

 

Most exchanges limit the amount by which the price of a derivative can change during a single trading day. Daily trading limits establish the maximum amount that the price of a derivative may vary from the settlement price of that derivative at the end of trading on the previous day. Once the price of a derivative reaches this value, the Fund may not trade that derivative at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a given day and does not limit potential gains or losses. Derivative prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days, preventing prompt liquidation of the derivative.

 

Government Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent a Fund from using such instruments as a part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment objective. It is impossible to predict fully the effects of legislation and regulation in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse.

 

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The futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. The SEC, the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.

 

The regulation of swaps and futures transactions in the U.S., the European Union and other jurisdictions is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to implement its investment strategies.

 

Under recently adopted rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared, and additional types of swaps may be required to be centrally cleared in the future. In a transaction involving those swaps (“cleared derivatives”), the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since a Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only clearing members can participate directly in the clearing house, a Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives transactions, a Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house.

 

In addition, U.S. regulators, the European Union and certain other jurisdictions have adopted minimum margin and capital requirements for uncleared OTC derivatives transactions. It is expected that these regulations will have a material impact on the Fund’s use of uncleared derivatives. These rules will impose minimum margin requirements on derivatives transactions between the Fund and its swap counterparties and may increase the amount of margin the Fund is required to provide. They will impose regulatory requirements on the timing of transferring margin, which may accelerate a Fund’s current margin process. They will also effectively require changes to typical derivatives margin documentation. Such requirements could increase the amount of margin a Fund needs to provide in connection with uncleared derivatives transactions and, therefore, make such transactions more expensive.

 

The Adviser, with respect to each Fund, has filed a notice of eligibility with the National Futures Association (“NFA”) claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term Commodity Pool Operator (“CPO”) pursuant to Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) Regulation 4.5, as promulgated under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (“CEA”), with respect to a Fund’s operations. Therefore, neither the Funds nor the Adviser, Strive or Angel Oak (with respect to the Funds) is subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool or CPO under the CEA.

 

On October 28, 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 18f-4 (“Rule 18f-4” or the “Derivatives Rule”), which regulates the ability of the Fund to enter into derivative transactions and other leveraged transactions. Derivatives are defined by Rule 18f-4 to include short sales and forward contracts, such as to-be-announced transactions, as well as transactions traditionally characterized as derivatives, such as futures, options and swaps. Rule 18f-4 also regulates other types of leveraged transactions, such as reverse repurchase transactions and transactions “similar to” reverse repurchase transactions, which include certain securities lending transactions that provide leverage to the Portfolio.

 

Among other things, Rule 18f-4 treats those derivatives transactions that impose future payment or delivery obligations on the Fund as senior securities within the meaning of Section 18 of the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund is prohibited from entering into these derivatives transactions except in reliance on the provisions of the Derivatives Rule. The Derivatives Rule establishes limits on the derivatives transactions that the Fund may enter into based on the value-at-risk (“VaR”) of the Fund inclusive of derivatives. The Fund will generally satisfy the limits under the Derivatives Rule if the VaR of its portfolio (inclusive of derivatives transactions) does not exceed 200% of the VaR of its “designated reference portfolio.” The “designated reference portfolio” is a representative unleveraged index or the Fund’s own portfolio absent derivatives holdings, as determined by the Fund’s derivatives risk manager. This limits test is referred to as the “Relative VaR Test.” If the Fund determines that the Relative VaR Test is not appropriate in light of its strategy, subject to specified conditions, the Fund may instead comply with the Absolute VaR Test. The Fund will satisfy the Absolute VaR Test if the VaR of its portfolio does not exceed 20% of the value of the Fund’s net assets. In addition, among other requirements, Rule 18f-4 requires the Fund to establish a derivatives risk management program, appoint a derivatives risk manager, and carry out enhanced reporting to the Board, the SEC and the public regarding the Portfolio’s derivatives activities.

 

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Options

 

The Funds will purchase and sell/write call and put options on securities. The purchase and writing of options involves certain risks. During the option period, a call writer that holds the underlying security has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying securities above the exercise price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying securities at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by the Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security, in the case of a put, remains equal to or greater than the exercise price or, in the case of a call, remains less than or equal to the exercise price, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when a Fund seeks to close out an option position. Furthermore, if trading restrictions or suspensions are imposed on the options market, the Fund may be unable to close out a position.

 

The Funds may write a call or put option only if the option is “covered” by holding a position in the underlying securities or by other means which would permit immediate satisfaction of a Fund’s obligation as writer of the option. A written call option creates a potential obligation to sell the underlying security. In order to make sure that this obligation can be met, a Fund could (i) hold the security underlying the written option; (ii) hold an offsetting call option (one with a strike price that is the same or lower than the strike price of the written option); or (iii) segregate cash and liquid securities (which can be cash, U.S. Government securities, and other liquid debt or equity securities) that when added to collateral on deposit equals the market value of the underlying security. A written put option creates a potential obligation to buy the underlying security. In order to make sure that this obligation can be met, a Fund could (i) sell short the underlying security at the same or higher price than the strike price of the written put option; (ii) hold an offsetting put option (one with a strike price that is the same or higher than the strike price of the written option); or (iii) segregate cash and liquid securities that when added to collateral on deposit equals the strike price of the option.

 

Options offer large amounts of leverage, which will result in a Fund’s NAV being more sensitive to changes in the value of the related instrument. A Fund may purchase or write both exchange-traded and OTC options. Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between a Fund and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when a Fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by a Fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

 

A Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no assurance that a Fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, a Fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration, if at all.

 

If a Fund is unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, due to the absence of a counterparty or secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by a Fund could cause material losses because a Fund would be unable to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.

 

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Options have varying expiration dates. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to or above the current market value of the underlying security or instrument. Options purchased by a Fund that expire unexercised have no value, and the Fund will realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. If an option written by a Fund expires unexercised, a Fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. Transaction costs must be included in these calculations.

 

Futures Contracts

 

Each Fund may enter into futures contracts. A futures contract is a bilateral agreement to buy or sell a security (or deliver a cash settlement price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the end of trading in the contracts) for a set price in the future. Futures contracts are designated by boards of trade that have been designated “contracts markets” by the CFTC. No purchase price is paid or received when the contract is entered into. Instead, the Fund, upon entering into a futures contract (and to maintain a Fund’s open positions in futures contracts), would be required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash, U.S. Government securities, suitable money market instruments, or liquid, high-grade debt securities, known as “initial margin.” The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded. By using futures contracts as a risk management technique, given the greater liquidity in the futures market than in the cash market, it may be possible to accomplish certain results more quickly and with lower transaction costs.

 

If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) such that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract such that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund. These subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” A Fund is expected to earn interest income on initial and variation margin deposits.

 

A Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases and sells futures contracts. Positions taken in the futures markets are not normally held until delivery or cash settlement is required, but are instead liquidated through offsetting transactions that may result in a gain or a loss. While futures positions taken by a Fund will usually be liquidated in this manner, a Fund may instead make or take delivery of underlying securities whenever it appears economically advantageous for a Fund to do so. A clearing organization associated with the exchange on which futures are traded assumes responsibility for closing out transactions and guarantees that as between the clearing members of an exchange, the sale and purchase obligations will be performed with regard to all positions that remain open at the termination of the contract.

 

In addition to the margin restrictions discussed above, transactions in futures contracts may involve the segregation of funds pursuant to requirements imposed by the SEC. Under those requirements, where aFund has a long position in a futures contract, it may be required to establish a segregated account (not with a futures commission merchant or broker) containing cash or certain liquid assets equal to the purchase price of the contract (less any margin on deposit). However, segregation of assets is not required if a Fund “covers” a long position. For a short position in futures or forward contracts held by a Fund, those requirements may mandate the establishment of a segregated account (not with a futures commission merchant or broker) with cash or certain liquid assets that, when added to the amounts deposited as margin, equal the market value of the instruments underlying the futures contracts (but are not less than the price at which the short positions were established).

 

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Short Sales

 

A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. When a Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; a Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time a Fund covers the short position, a Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, a Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

If a Fund does sell “short”, the Fund will comply with current guidance from the staff of the SEC regarding asset coverage requirements in accordance with the Trust’s policies and procedures.

 

Swaps

 

The Funds may invest in currency, equity, interest rate, index, and other swaps, which involve the exchange by an investor with another party of their respective commitments, in an attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost than if the Fund had invested directly in the asset that yielded the desired return. In the case of interest rate swaps, an investor may exchange with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. Use of swaps subjects the investor to risk of default by the counterparties. If there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, there may be contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction although contractual remedies may not be sufficient in the event that the counterparty to the transaction is insolvent. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments which are traded in the interbank market. An investor may also enter into currency swaps or other swaps which are similar to interest rate swaps but may be surrogates for other instruments such as currency forwards or options.

 

Forward Commitment and When-Issued Securities

 

The Funds may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or for settlement at a future date if a Fund holds sufficient assets to meet the purchase price. In such purchase transactions, a Fund will not accrue interest on the purchased security until the actual settlement. Similarly, if a security is sold for a forward date, a Fund will accrue the interest until the settlement of the sale. When-issued security purchases and forward commitments have a higher degree of risk of price movement before settlement due to the extended time period between the execution and settlement of the purchase or sale. As a result, the exposure to the counterparty of the purchase or sale is increased. Although a Fund would generally purchase securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis with the intention of taking delivery, a Fund may sell such a security prior to the settlement date if the Sub-Adviser feels such action is appropriate. In such a case, a Fund could incur a short-term gain or loss.

 

High Yield Securities (“Junk Bonds”)

 

Corporate bonds and certain other fixed income instruments (for purposes of this discussion, all such instruments are herein referred to as “securities”) rated below investment grade, or such instruments that are unrated and are determined by Angel Oak to be of comparable quality, are high yield, high risk bonds, commonly known as “junk bonds.”

 

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For purposes of applying any limitations on the Funds’ investments in such bonds, when an investment is rated by more than one NRSRO, the Adviser will utilize the highest credit rating for that security for purposes of applying any investment policies that incorporate credit ratings (e.g., a policy to invest a certain percentage of a Fund’s assets in securities rated investment grade) except where a Fund has a policy to invest a certain minimum percentage of its assets in securities that are rated below investment grade, in which case a Fund will utilize the lowest credit rating that applies to that investment.

 

While offering a greater potential opportunity for capital appreciation and higher yields compared to higher-rated fixed income securities, high yield investments typically entail greater potential price volatility and may be less liquid than higher-rated securities. Junk bonds and high yield investments may be regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics by certain rating agencies. In addition, analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality securities. High yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. Issuers of securities in default may fail to resume principal or interest payments, in which case the Fund may lose its entire investment.

 

The lower ratings of certain securities held by a Fund reflect a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, or in general economic conditions, or both, or an unanticipated rise in interest rates, may impair the ability of the issuer to make payments of interest and principal. The inability (or perceived inability) of issuers to make timely payment of interest and principal would likely make the values of securities held by a Fund more volatile and could limit a Fund’s ability to sell its securities at prices approximating the values a Fund had placed on such securities. In the absence of a liquid trading market for securities held by it, the Fund may be unable at times to establish the fair market value of such securities. The rating assigned to a security by S&P or any other NRSRO does not reflect an assessment of the volatility of the security’s market value or of the liquidity of an investment in the security.

 

Like those of other fixed-income securities, the values of lower-rated securities fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. Thus, a decrease in interest rates generally will result in an increase in the value of a Fund’s fixed-income securities. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of a Fund’s fixed-income securities generally will decline. In addition, the values of such securities are also affected by changes in general economic conditions and business conditions affecting the specific industries of their issuers. Changes by recognized rating services in their ratings of any fixed-income security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the values of portfolio securities generally will not affect cash income derived from such securities, but will affect a Fund’s NAV.

 

Issuers of lower-rated securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or principal by such issuers is significantly greater because such securities frequently are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. Certain of the lower-rated securities in which a Fund may invest are issued to raise funds in connection with the acquisition of a company, in so-called leveraged buy-out transactions. The highly leveraged capital structure of such issuers may make them especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions.

 

Under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell lower-rated securities when the Sub-Adviser believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than might otherwise be available. In many cases, lower-rated securities may be purchased in private placements and, accordingly, will be subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under securities laws. Under such circumstances, it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the Fund’s NAV. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default under lower-rated securities, a Fund may be required to take possession of and manage assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase a Fund’s operating expenses and adversely affect the Fund’s NAV. A Fund may also be limited in its ability to enforce its rights and may incur greater costs in enforcing its rights in the event an issuer becomes the subject of bankruptcy proceedings. In addition, a Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), may limit the extent to which the Fund may exercise its rights by taking possession of such assets.

 

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Certain securities held by a Fund may permit the issuer at its option to call, or redeem, its securities. If an issuer were to redeem securities held by a Fund during a time of declining interest rates, a Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds in securities providing the same investment return as the securities redeemed.

 

Lower-rated securities may be subject to certain risks not typically associated with investment grade securities, such as the following: (1) reliable and objective information about the value of lower rated obligations may be difficult to obtain because the market for such securities may be thinner and less active than that for investment grade obligations; (2) adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower than investment grade obligations, and, in turn, adversely affect their market; (3) companies that issue lower rated obligations may be in the growth stage of their development, or may be financially troubled or highly leveraged, so they may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them; (4) when other institutional investors dispose of their holdings of lower rated debt securities, the general market and the prices for such securities could be adversely affected; and (5) the market for lower rated securities could be impaired if legislative proposals to limit their use in connection with corporate reorganizations or to limit their tax and other advantages are enacted.

 

Unrated Securities. Subject to its investment policies, each Fund may purchase unrated securities (which are not rated by a rating agency). Unrated securities may be less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the Sub-Adviser may not accurately evaluate the security’s creditworthiness. Analysis of creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-quality fixed income securities. To the extent a Fund invests in high yield and/or unrated securities, a Fund’s success in achieving its investment objective may depend more heavily on the Sub-Adviser’s analysis than if a Fund invested exclusively in higher-quality and rated securities. Some or all of the unrated instruments in which the Fund may invest may involve credit risk comparable to or greater than that of rated debt securities of below investment grade quality.

 

Subordinated Debt Securities

 

Subordinated debt securities, sometimes also called “junior debt” are debt securities for which the issuer’s obligations to make principal and interest payment are secondary to the issuer’s payment obligations to more senior debt securities. Subordinated debt securities are subject to the same risks as other fixed income securities and are also subject to increased credit risk because the issuer, by definition, has issued other, more senior debt securities. The Funds may invest in subordinated debt securities, including those issued by banks.

 

Zero-Coupon, Delayed Interest, Pay-In-Kind, and Capital Appreciation Securities

 

Zero-coupon, delayed interest, pay-in-kind (“PIK”) and capital appreciation securities are securities that make no periodic interest payments, but are sold at a discount from their face value. The buyer recognizes a rate of return determined by the gradual appreciation of the security, which is redeemed at face value on a specified maturity date. The discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity, as well as market interest rates, liquidity of the security, and the issuer’s perceived credit quality. The discount, in the absence of financial difficulties of the issuer, typically decreases as the final maturity date approaches. If the issuer defaults, a Fund may not receive any return on its investment. Because such securities bear no interest and generally compound periodically at the rate fixed at the time of issuance, their value generally is more volatile than the value of other fixed income securities. Since such bondholders do not receive interest payments, when interest rates rise, zero-coupon, delayed interest and capital appreciation securities fall more dramatically in value than bonds paying interest on a current basis. When interest rates fall, zero-coupon, delayed interest and capital appreciation securities rise more rapidly in value because the bonds reflect a fixed rate of return. An investment in zero-coupon, delayed interest and capital appreciation securities may cause a Fund to recognize income and make distributions to shareholders before it receives any cash payments on its investment. To generate cash to satisfy distribution requirements, a Fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise would have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources such as the sale of Fund shares.

 

PIK securities may be debt obligations or preferred shares that provide the issuer with the option of paying interest or dividends on such obligations in cash or in the form of additional securities rather than cash. Similar to zero-coupon bonds and delayed interest securities, PIK securities are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. PIK securities that are debt securities can be either senior or subordinated debt and generally trade flat (i.e., without interest). The trading price of PIK debt securities generally reflects the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last interest payment.

 

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When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments

 

The Funds may purchase securities offered on a “when-issued” and “forward commitment” basis (including a delayed delivery basis). Securities purchased on a “when-issued” or “forward commitment basis” are securities not available for immediate delivery despite the fact that a market exists for those securities. A purchase is made on a “delayed delivery” basis when the transaction is structured to occur sometime in the future.

 

When these transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within two months after the transaction, but delayed settlements beyond two months may be negotiated. During the period between a commitment and settlement, no payment is made for the securities purchased by the purchaser and, thus, no interest accrues to the purchaser from the transaction. At the time a Fund makes the commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued basis or forward commitment, the Fund will record the transaction as a purchase and thereafter reflect the value each day of such securities in determining its NAV.

 

Equity Securities

 

Common and Preferred Stock. The Funds may invest in common stock. Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company’s stock price.

 

The Funds may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.

 

A risk of investing in common and preferred stock is that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market’s perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a company’s worth. If you invest in the Fund, you should be willing to accept the risks of the stock market and should consider an investment in the Fund only as a part of your overall investment portfolio.

 

Warrants. The Funds may invest in warrants. Warrants are securities, typically issued with preferred stock or bonds that give the holder the right to purchase a given number of shares of common stock at a specified price and time. The price of the warrant usually represents a premium over the applicable market value of the common stock at the time of the warrant’s issuance. Warrants have no voting rights with respect to the common stock, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the possible lack of a liquid market for the resale of the warrants, potential price fluctuations due to adverse market conditions or other factors and failure of the price of the common stock to rise. If the warrant is not exercised within the specified time period, it becomes worthless.

 

Depositary Receipts. Each Fund may invest in foreign securities by purchasing depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”). These securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities which they represent. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are denominated in U.S. dollars and are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, GDRs, in bearer form, are issued and designed for use outside the United States and EDRs (also referred to as Continental Depositary Receipts (“CDRs”)), in bearer form, may be denominated in other currencies and are designed for use in European securities markets. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities. EDRs are European receipts evidencing a similar arrangement. GDRs are receipts typically issued by non-United States banks and trust companies that evidence ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, ADRs, GDRs and EDRs are deemed to have the same classification as the underlying securities they represent. Thus, an ADR, GDR or EDR representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.

 

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Repurchase Agreements

 

Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which securities are acquired by a Fund from a securities dealer or bank subject to resale at an agreed upon price on a later date. Each Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and a Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities. Such a default may subject a Fund to expenses, delays, and risks of loss including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses involved in attempted enforcement.

 

Cash Items

 

Each Fund may temporarily invest a portion of its assets in cash or cash items pending other investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of its investments. These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market instruments, such as securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, bank certificates of deposit and investment companies that invest primarily in such instruments.

 

Illiquid Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that are not readily marketable). Illiquid securities include, but are not limited to, restricted securities (securities the disposition of which is restricted under the federal securities laws), securities that may only be resold pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), but that are deemed to be illiquid; and repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days. However, the Fund will not acquire illiquid securities if immediately after the acquisition, such securities would comprise more than 15% of the value of the Fund’s net assets. Determinations of liquidity are made pursuant to guidelines contained in the liquidity risk management program of the Trust applicable to the Fund. The Adviser determines and monitors the liquidity of the portfolio securities and reports periodically on its assessments to the Board. In making such liquidity determinations it primarily takes into account the average daily volume of trades. In addition, it may take into account a number of other factors in reaching liquidity decisions, including but not limited to: (1) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (2) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; and (3) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer. In connection with the implementation of the SEC’s new liquidity risk management rule and the liquidity risk management program of the Trust applicable to the Fund, the term “illiquid security” is defined as a security that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security.

 

An institutional market has developed for certain restricted securities. Accordingly, contractual or legal restrictions on the resale of a security may not be indicative of the liquidity of the security. If such securities are eligible for purchase by institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act or other exemptions, the Adviser may determine that the securities are liquid.

 

Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than that which prevailed when it decided to sell.

 

Illiquid securities will be priced at fair value as determined in good faith under procedures adopted by the Board. If, through the appreciation of illiquid securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, a Fund should be in a position where more than 15% of the value of its net assets are invested in illiquid securities, including restricted securities which are not readily marketable, the Fund will take such steps as are deemed advisable, if any, to protect liquidity.

 

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Investments in Other Investment Companies

 

Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, SEC rules thereunder and exemptions thereto. The market price for ETF shares may be higher or lower than, respectively, the ETF’s NAV. Investing in another investment company exposes a Fund to all the risks of that investment company and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment company’s fees and expenses. As a result, investments by a Fund in an ETF could cause the Fund’s operating expenses to be higher and, in turn, performance to be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the securities underlying the ETF.

 

Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent that such an investment would be consistent with the requirements of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act, or any rule, regulation or order of the SEC or interpretation thereof. Generally, the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company, (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund, or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies beyond these limits if, for example, the Fund is part of a “master-feeder” structure or operates as a fund of funds in compliance with Section 12(d)(1)(E), (F) and (G) and the rules thereunder or Rule 12d1-4. Section 12(d)(1)(B) prohibits another investment company from selling its shares to the Fund if, after the sale (i) the Fund owns more than 3% of the other investment company’s voting stock or (ii) the Fund and other investment companies, and companies controlled by them, own more than 10% of the voting stock of such other investment company.

 

For purposes of the Investment Company Act, Shares are issued by a registered investment company and purchases of such Shares by registered investment companies and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Act are subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 12(d)(1) of the Act, except as permitted by an exemptive order of the SEC or rule promulgated under the Act.

 

Business Development Corporation (BDC) Risk

 

BDCs invest in private companies and securities of public companies, which may include debt instruments and may be thinly-traded securities. Generally, little public information exists for private and thinly-traded companies and there is a risk that investors may not be able to make fully informed investment decisions. Less mature and smaller private companies involve greater risk than well-established and larger publicly-traded companies. Investing in debt involves risk that the issuer may default on its payments or declare bankruptcy and debt may not be rated by a credit rating agency. Debt investments in which a BDC may invest may not be rated by a credit rating agency and could be below investment grade quality. These investments have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to an issuer’s capacity to make payments of interest and principal.

 

The Funds may invest in publicly-traded BDCs, which usually trade at a discount to their net asset value because they invest in unlisted securities and have limited access to capital markets. BDCs may leverage their portfolios through borrowings or the issuance of preferred stock. While leverage often serves to increase the yield of a BDC, this leverage also subjects a BDC to increased risks, including the likelihood of increased volatility and the possibility that a BDC’s common share income will fall if the dividend rate of the preferred shares or the interest rate on any borrowings rises.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

Because the Funds have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI, they do not have a portfolio turnover rate to provide.

 

Cybersecurity Risk

 

The Funds, like all companies, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks. Cyber security failures or breaches of the Funds or their service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

 

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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

 

Trustees and Officers

 

The business and affairs of the Trust are managed by its officers under the oversight of its Board. The Board sets broad policies for the Trust and may appoint Trust officers. The Board oversees the performance of the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers. Each Trustee serves until his or her successor is duly elected or appointed and qualified.

 

The Board is comprised of four Trustees. One Trustee and certain of the officers of the Trust are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser. The other Trustees (the “Independent Trustees”) are not “interested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act) of the Trust. The fund complex includes all funds advised by the Adviser (“Fund Complex”).

 

The Trustees, their age, term of office and length of time served, their principal business occupations during the past five years, the number of portfolios in the Fund Complex overseen and other directorships, if any, held by each Trustee, are shown below. The officers, their age, term of office and length of time served and their principal business occupations during the past five years are shown below. Unless noted otherwise, the address of each Trustee and each Officer is: c/o EA Series Trust, 19 East Eagle Road, Havertown, PA 19083.

 

Name, Address,
and
Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held with
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee

Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past

5 Years

Independent Trustees

Daniel Dorn

Born: 1975

Trustee Since 2014 Associate Professor of Finance, Drexel University, LeBow College of Business (2003 – present). [ ] None

Michael S. Pagano, Ph.D., CFA®

Born: 1962

Trustee Since 2014 The Robert J. and Mary Ellen Darretta Endowed Chair in Finance, Villanova University (1999 - present); Co-Editor of The Financial Review (2023 - present); Founder, Michael S. Pagano, LLC (business consulting firm) (2008 - present). [ ] Citadel Federal Credit Union (pro bono service for non-profit)

Chukwuemeka (Emeka) O. Oguh

Born: 1983

Trustee Since 2018 Co-founder and CEO, PeopleJoy (2016 - present). [ ] None
Interested Trustee*

Wesley R. Gray, Ph.D.

Born: 1980

Trustee and President Since 2014 Founder and Executive Managing Member, EA Advisers (2013 - present); Founder and Executive Managing Member, Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Alpha Architect (2010 - present). [ ] None

 

* Dr. Gray is an “interested person,” as defined by the Investment Company Act, because of his employment with and ownership interest in the Adviser.

 

24

 

 

Officers

 

Name, Address,
and
Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held with
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years

John Vogel, Ph.D.

Born: 1983

Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer Since 2014 Managing Member, EA Advisers (2013 - present); Managing Member, Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Alpha Architect (2012 - present).
Jessica Leighty Chief Compliance Officer Since 2022 Chief Compliance Officer Alpha Architect (2021-present); Chief Compliance Officer, Snow Capital (2015-2021).

Patrick R. Cleary

Born: 1982

Secretary Since 2015 Chief Operating Officer and Managing Member, Alpha Architect, LLC (2014 – present); Chief Executive Officer of EA Advisers (2021 – present).

Sean Hegarty

Born: 1993

Assistant Treasurer Since 2022 Chief Operating Officer, EA Advisers (2022 - present); Assistant Vice President - Fund Administration, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (2018 - 2022); Staff Accountant, Cohen & Company (2015 - 2018)

 

Trustee Qualifications

 

Information on the Trust’s Trustees and Officers appears above including information on the business activities of Trustees during the past five years. In addition to personal qualities, such as integrity, the role of an effective Trustee inherently requires the ability to comprehend, discuss and critically analyze materials and issues presented in exercising judgments and reaching informed conclusions relevant to his duties and fiduciary obligations. The Board believes that the specific background of each Trustee evidences such ability and is appropriate to his serving on the Board. As indicated, Dr. Dorn holds an academic position in the area of finance. Dr. Pagano holds an academic position in the area of finance. Dr. Gray is the Founder and Executive Managing Member of the Adviser and Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Alpha Architect. Mr. Oguh is a financial technology entrepreneur, business executive and former mutual fund / ETF analyst.

 

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Board Structure

 

Dr. Gray is considered to be an Interested Trustee and serves as Chairman of the Board. The Chairman’s responsibilities include: setting an agenda for each meeting of the Board; presiding at all meetings of the Board and, if present, meetings of the Independent Trustees; and, serving as a liaison between the other Trustees, Trust officers, management personnel and counsel.

 

The Board believes that having an interested Chairman, who is familiar with the Adviser and its operations, while also having three-fourths of the Board composed of Independent Trustees, strikes an appropriate balance that allows the Board to benefit from the insights and perspective of a representative of management while empowering the Independent Trustees with the ultimate decision-making authority. The Board has not appointed a lead Independent Trustee at this time. The Board does not believe that an independent Chairman or lead Independent Trustee would enhance the Board’s effectiveness, as the relatively small size of the Board allows for diverse viewpoints to be shared and for effective communications between and among Independent Trustees and management so that meetings proceed efficiently. Independent Trustees have effective control over the Board’s agenda because they form more than a majority of the Board and can request presentations and agenda topics at Board meetings.

 

The Board intends to hold four regularly scheduled meetings each year, at least two of which shall be in person (or during the current Covid pandemic, via video conference). The Board may also hold special meetings, as needed, either in person, by telephone, or virtually, to address matters arising between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet separately at each regularly scheduled in-person meeting of the Board; during a portion of each such separate meeting management is not present. The Independent Trustees may also hold special meetings, as needed, either in person, by telephone, or virtually (if permitted).

 

The Board conducts a self-assessment on an annual basis, as part of which it considers whether the structure of the Board and its Committees is appropriate under the circumstances. Based on such self-assessment, among other things, the Board will consider whether its current structure is appropriate. As part of this self-assessment, the Board will consider several factors, including the number of funds overseen by the Board, their investment objectives, and the responsibilities entrusted to the Adviser and other service providers with respect to the oversight of the day-to-day operations of the Trust and the Fund Complex.

 

The Board sets broad policies for the Trust and may appoint Trust officers. The Board oversees the performance of the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers. As part of its oversight function, the Board monitors the Adviser’s risk management, including, as applicable, its management of investment, compliance and operational risks, through the receipt of periodic reports and presentations. The Board has not established a standing risk committee. Rather, the Board relies on Trust officers, advisory personnel and service providers to manage applicable risks and report exceptions to the Board in order to enable it to exercise its oversight responsibility. To this end, the Board receives reports from such parties at least quarterly, including, but not limited to, investment and/or performance reports, distribution reports, Rule 12b-1 reports, valuation reports and internal controls reports. Similarly, the Board receives quarterly reports from the Trust’s chief compliance officer (“CCO”), including, but not limited to, a report on the Trust’s compliance program, and the Independent Trustees have an opportunity to meet separately each quarter with the CCO. The CCO typically provides the Board with updates regarding the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures, including any enhancements to them. The Board expects all parties, including, but not limited to, the Adviser, service providers and the CCO, to inform the Board on an intra-quarter basis if a material issue arises that requires the Board’s oversight.

 

The Board generally exercises its oversight as a whole but has delegated certain oversight functions to an Audit Committee. The function of the Audit Committee is discussed in detail below.

 

26

 

 

Committees

 

The Board currently has two standing committees: an Audit Committee and a Nominating Committee. Each Independent Trustee serves on each of these committees.

 

The purposes of the Audit Committee are to: (1) oversee generally the Fund Complex’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, their internal controls and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers; (2) oversee the quality, integrity and objectivity of the Fund Complex’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (3) assist the full Board with its oversight of the Trust’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Fund Complex’s accounting and financial reporting, internal controls and independent audits; (4) approve, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Trust’s independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust’s independent auditors; and (5) act as a liaison between the Trust’s independent auditors and the full Board. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, the Audit Committee met five times.

 

The purposes of the Nominating Committee are, among other things, to: (1) identify and recommend for nomination candidates to serve as Trustees and/or on Board committees who are not “interested persons” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act (“Interested Persons”) of the Trust and who meet any independence requirements of Exchange Rule 5.3(k)(1) or the applicable rule of any other exchange on which shares of the Trust are listed; (2) evaluate and make recommendations to the full Board regarding potential trustee candidates who are Interested Persons of the Trust; and (3) review periodically the workload and capabilities of the Trustees and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to make recommendations to the Board if such a review suggests that changes to the size or composition of the Board and/or its committees are warranted. The Committee will generally not consider potential candidates for nomination identified by shareholders. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, the Nominating Committee did not meet as there were no Board vacancies.

 

Compensation of Trustees

 

The Trust’s officers and any interested Trustees receive no compensation directly from the Trust.

 

The Independent Trustees determine the amount of compensation that they receive. In determining compensation for the Independent Trustees, the Independent Trustees take into account a variety of factors including, among other things, their collective significant work experience (e.g., in business and finance, government or academia). The Independent Trustees also recognize that these individuals’ advice and counsel are in demand by other organizations, that these individuals may reject other opportunities because of the time demands of their duties as Independent Trustees, and that they undertake significant legal responsibilities. The Independent Trustees also consider the compensation paid to independent board members of other registered investment company complexes of comparable size.

 

Independent Trustees are paid an annual retainer of $2,000 per Fund for their services, including attendance at meetings of the Board. All Trustees are reimbursed for their travel expenses and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending Board meetings. In addition, each Independent Trustee is entitled to reimbursement for reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses up to $3,000 per calendar year for educational resources, including attending educational programs to stay informed about industry and regulatory developments. The Trust does not accrue pension or retirement benefits as part of the Fund’s expenses, and Trustees are not entitled to benefits upon retirement from the Board.

 

27

 

 

The table shows the compensation paid to Trustees for the fiscal year ended [ ] by the Fund Complex.*

 

  Compensation Compensation
Deferred
Total
Compensation
from the Fund
Complex Paid to
Trustee
Independent Trustees
Emeka O. Oguh $[ ] $0 $[ ]
Daniel Dorn $[ ] $0 $[ ]
Michael S. Pagano $[ ] $0 $[ ]
Interested Trustee
Wesley R. Gray** $0 $0 $0

 

* The Adviser, and not the Fund, is responsible for compensating the Trustees.
** Dr. Gray is an “interested person,” as defined by the Investment Company Act, because of his employment with and ownership interest in the Adviser.

 

Equity Ownership of Trustees

 

The following table sets forth the name and dollar range of equity securities of the Funds owned by Trustees as of December 31, 2022.

 

  Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned
Strive Total Return
Bond ETF
Strive Enhanced
Income Short
Maturity ETF
Aggregate Dollar
Range of Shares
(All Funds in the Complex)
Independent Trustees
Emeka O. Oguh N/A N/A $1-$10,000
Daniel Dorn N/A N/A $10,001- $50,000
Michael S. Pagano N/A N/A $50,001 - $100,000
Interested Trustee
Wesley R. Gray N/A N/A Over $100,000

 

As of the date of this SAI, the Funds have not commenced operations. Therefore, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members beneficially owned any securities in the Fund. Further, as of [ ], none the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members beneficially owned any securities in any investment adviser, investment sub-adviser, or principal underwriter of the Trust, or in any person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with an investment adviser, investment sub-adviser, or principal underwriter of the Trust.

 

28

 

 

Codes of Ethics

 

The Board, on behalf of the Trust, has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act. In addition, each of the Adviser, Strive and Angel Oak has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1. These Codes of Ethics (each a “Code of Ethics” and together the “Codes of Ethics”) apply to the personal investing activities of trustees, directors, officers and certain employees (“access persons”). Rule 17j-1 and the Codes of Ethics are designed to prevent unlawful practices in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by access persons. Under each Code of Ethics, access persons are permitted to engage in personal securities transactions, but are required to report their personal securities transactions for monitoring purposes. In addition, certain access persons are required to obtain approval before investing in private placements and are prohibited from investing in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). Copies of the Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC, and are available to the public.

 

Under the Adviser’s Code of Ethics, the personnel of the Adviser are permitted to invest in the same securities as held by the Fund. However, the trading of such investments are subject to blackout periods. Copies of the Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC, and are available to the public. While the Codes of Ethics are reasonably designed to prevent conflicts arising from personal securities transactions by access persons there can be no assurance that these policies and procedures will be effective, however.

 

Under its Code of Ethics, the personnel of Strive are permitted to invest in the same securities as held by the Funds. However, the trading of such investments is subject to blackout periods. While the Code of Ethics is reasonably designed to prevent conflicts arising from personal securities transactions by access persons there can be no assurance that these policies and procedures will be effective, however.

 

Under its Code of Ethics, the personnel of Angel Oak are permitted to invest in the same securities as held by the Funds. However, the trading of such investments is subject to blackout periods. While the Code of Ethics is reasonably designed to prevent conflicts arising from personal securities transactions by access persons there can be no assurance that these policies and procedures will be effective, however.

 

Proxy Voting

 

The Board has delegated to Strive the responsibility to vote proxies related to the securities held in the Fund’s portfolios. Under this authority, Strive is required by the Board to vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of each Fund and its shareholders. Strive will vote such proxies in accordance with its proxy policies and procedures, which are included in Appendix A to this SAI. The Board will periodically review a Fund’s proxy voting record.

 

The Trust will annually disclose its complete proxy voting record for the year ended June 30 on Form N-PX. The Trust’s most recent Form N-PX is available without charge, upon request, by calling (215) 882-9983. The Trust’s Form N-PX also is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

 

The Adviser owns all the initial Shares issued by the Fund prior to commencement of investment operations and the public launch of the Fund. The Fund had not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.

 

Management ownership

 

The Fund had not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.

 

29

 

 

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

 

Investment Advisory Agreement

 

Under investment advisory agreements between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Fund pays the Adviser a fee at an annualized rate, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, based on its average daily net assets, set forth in the table below:

 

Fund  Advisory Fee  
Strive Total Return Bond ETF  0.[  ]%  
Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF  0.[  ]%  

 

The Adviser, in turn, compensates Strive and Angel Oak from the management fee the Adviser receives. The Funds are new and therefore the Funds have not paid management fees to the Adviser as of the date of this SAI.

 

The Adviser selects any sub-advisers, oversees each sub-adviser’s management of the Funds, provides various other administrative services and supervises the overall daily affairs of the Funds, subject to the general supervision and control of the Board. The Adviser is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), and is a limited liability company organized under the laws of Pennsylvania. The address of the Adviser is 19 East Eagle Road, Havertown, PA 19083. The Adviser is wholly owned by Alpha Architect LLC. The Adviser was founded in October 2013 and provides investment advisory services to registered investment companies.

 

The following table summarizes the affiliated persons of the Fund who are also affiliated persons of the Adviser.

 

NAME AFFILIATION WITH FUNDS AFFILIATION WITH ADVISER
Wesley R. Gray, PhD Trustee, President of the Trust Executive Managing Member
John R. Vogel Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer Managing Member
Jessica Leighty Chief Compliance Officer Chief Compliance Officer
Patrick R. Cleary Secretary Chief Executive Officer
Sean Hegarty Assistant Treasurer Chief Operating Officer

 

Under the Advisory Agreement for each Fund, the Adviser bears all of the costs of each of the Funds, except for the advisory fee, payments under each Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses (including affiliated acquired fund fees and expenses), taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expenses and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses (including litigation to which the Trust or a Fund may be a party and indemnification of the Trustees and officers with respect thereto).

 

The Advisory Agreement with respect to a Fund will remain in effect for an initial term of two years from its effective date and thereafter continue in effect for as long as its continuance is specifically approved at least annually, by (1) the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Fund, and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or Interested Persons of any person thereto, cast in person (or virtually, if permitted) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board or, with respect to a Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser, and by the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice, and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.

 

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Investment Sub-Advisers

 

Strive Asset Management LLC

 

The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Adviser have retained Strive Asset Management LLC (“Strive”), 6515 Longshore Loop, Suite 100, Dublin, OH 43017, to serve as sub-adviser for the Fund. Subject to the supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board, and pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Strive (the “Strive Sub-Advisory Agreement”), Strive [has discretionary authority over all of the Fund’s investments.] [Who is delegating to Angel Oak – EA or Strive – is there a desired structure you are trying to achieve? This will also depend on supervision of Angel Oak.] Strive constructs each Fund’s investment allocations to various [risk metrics, specific asset classes].

 

For the services it provides to the Fund, the Adviser pays Strive a sub-advisory fee, which is calculated daily and payable monthly, at an annual rate based on the Fund’s average daily net assets multiplied by the sub-advisory fee of [ ] basis points (0.[ ]%). The payment of a sub-advisory fee by the Adviser to Strive is subject to the terms of each Fund’s sponsorship agreement described below.

 

[The Strive Sub-Advisory Agreement was approved by the Trustees (including all the Independent Trustees) and holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares, in compliance with the 1940 Act. The Strive Sub-Advisory Agreement will continue in force for an initial period of two years. Thereafter, the Strive Sub-Advisory Agreement is renewable from year to year with respect to a Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast in person (or virtually, if permitted) at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust; and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Strive Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by vote of a majority of the Board or, with respect to a Fund, by a majority of the outstanding Shares of the Fund, or by the Adviser, upon 60 days’ written notice to Strive, or by Strive on 90 days’ written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. The Strive Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that Strive shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, fraud, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.]

 

The following table summarizes the affiliated persons of the Fund that are also affiliated persons of Strive.

 

NAME AFFILIATION WITH FUND AFFILIATION WITH STRIVE
Matthew Cole Portfolio Manager Chief Investment Officer, Global Head of Fixed Income

 

The Fund is new and therefore the Adviser has not paid any sub-advisory fees to Strive as of the date of this SAI.

 

Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC

 

The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Adviser have retained Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC (“Angel Oak”), 3344 Peachtree Road NE, Suite 1725, Atlanta, Georgia 30326. Angel Oak was formed in 2009 by the Managing Partners of the Adviser, Michael A. Fierman, and Sreeniwas (Sreeni) V. Prabhu. Angel Oak is 93.3% owned by Angel Oak Asset Management Holdings, LLC. Subject to the supervision and oversight of [the Adviser] and the Board, and pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement between the [Adviser/Sub-Adviser] and Angel Oak (the “Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement”), Angel Oak is responsible for implementing the portfolio allocation provided by Strive by selecting the investments for each Fund in accordance with the portfolio allocation and subject to the investment objective, policies and limitations of each Fund.

 

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For the services it provides to the Fund, [the Adviser] pays Angel Oak a sub-advisory fee, which is calculated daily and payable monthly, at an annual rate based on the Fund’s average daily net assets multiplied by the sub-advisory fee of [ ] basis points (0.[ ]%). [The payment of a sub-advisory fee by [the Adviser] to Angel Oak is subject to the terms of each Fund’s sponsorship agreement described below.]

 

[The Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement was approved by the Trustees (including all the Independent Trustees) and holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares, in compliance with the 1940 Act. The Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement will continue in force for an initial period of two years. Thereafter, the Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement is renewable from year to year with respect to the Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast in person (or virtually, if permitted) at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust; and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by vote of a majority of the Board or, with respect to the Fund, by a majority of the outstanding Shares of the Fund, or by the Adviser, upon 60 days’ written notice to Angel Oak, or by Angel Oak on 90 days’ written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. The Angel Oak Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that Angel Oak shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, fraud, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.]

 

The following table summarizes the affiliated persons of the Fund that are also affiliated persons of Angel Oak.

 

NAME AFFILIATION WITH FUND AFFILIATION WITH ANGEL OAK
Sam Dunlap Portfolio Manager Chief Investment Officer, Public Strategies
Clayton Triick Portfolio Manager Senior Portfolio Manager
Colin McBurnette Portfolio Manager Senior Portfolio Manager
Ward Bortz Portfolio Manager ETF Portfolio Manager

 

The Fund is new and therefore the Adviser has not paid any sub-advisory fees to Angel Oak as of the date of this SAI.

 

Sponsor

 

The Adviser has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with Strive, under which Strive assumes the Adviser’s obligation to pay some of the Funds’ expenses, including its own sub-advisory fee and Angel Oak’s sub-advisory fee. Although Strive has agreed to be responsible for paying some of the Funds’ expenses, the Adviser retains the ultimate obligation to the Fund to pay them. Strive will also provide marketing support for the Funds, including preparing marketing materials related to the Funds. For these services and payments, Strive is entitled to share in the potential profits generated by the management and operation of the Funds.

 

Custodian

 

U.S. Bank National Association (the “Custodian”), located at 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, WI 53212, serves as the Custodian of each Fund’s assets. The Custodian has agreed to: (1) make receipts and disbursements of money on behalf of a Fund, (2) collect and receive all income and other payments and distributions on account of a Fund’s portfolio investments and (3) make periodic reports to a Fund concerning such Fund’s operations. The Custodian does not exercise any supervisory function over the purchase and sale of securities. As compensation for these services, the Custodian receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its fees.

 

32

 

 

Administrator, Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent

 

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, (the “Administrator” or “Transfer Agent”), located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, serves as Administrator and Fund Accountant to each Fund. The Administrator provides each Fund with all required general administrative services, including, without limitation, clerical and general back office services; bookkeeping, internal accounting and secretarial services; the calculation of NAV; and the preparation and filing of all reports, updates to registration statements, and all other materials required to be filed or furnished by a Fund under federal and state securities laws. As compensation for these services, the Administrator receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its fees.

 

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC also serves as the Transfer Agent of each Fund’s assets. The Transfer Agent has agreed to: (1) issue and redeem shares of each Fund in Creation Units, (2) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of each Fund, (3) maintain shareholder accounts and (4) make periodic reports to the Funds. As compensation for these services, the Transfer Agent receives certain out-of-pocket costs and transaction fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its fees.

 

The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and therefore does not have any fees paid to the Administrator to report as of the date of this SAI.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

 

The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by each portfolio manager and the information is provided as of [ ]:

 

The following information is applicable to Matthew Cole:

 

Type of Accounts Total Number
of Accounts
Total Assets
of Accounts
(millions)
Total Number
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
Total Assets
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
(millions)
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] 0 0

 

The following information is applicable to Sam Dunlap:

 

Type of Accounts Total Number
of Accounts
Total Assets
of Accounts
(millions)
Total Number
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
Total Assets
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
(millions)
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] 0 0

 

33

 

 

The following information is applicable to Clayton Triick:

 

Type of Accounts Total Number
of Accounts
Total Assets
of Accounts
(millions)
Total Number
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
Total Assets
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
(millions)
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] 0 0

 

The following information is applicable to Colin McBurnette:

 

Type of Accounts Total Number
of Accounts
Total Assets
of Accounts
(millions)
Total Number
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
Total Assets
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
(millions)
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] 0 0

 

The following information is applicable to Ward Bortz:

 

Type of Accounts Total Number
of Accounts
Total Assets
of Accounts
(millions)
Total Number
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
Total Assets
of Accounts with
Performance
Based Fees
(millions)
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] 0 0
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] 0 0

 

34

 

 

The following table provides the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the portfolio managers of each Fund as of [ ].

 

  Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned
Strive Total Return
Bond ETF
Strive Enhanced
Income Short
Maturity ETF

Aggregate Dollar
Range of Shares
(All Funds in the

Complex)

Matthew Cole None None None
Sam Dunlap None None None
Clayton Triick None None None
Colin McBurnette None None None
Ward Bortz None None None

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

A portfolio manager’s management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of each Funds’ investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Funds. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby a portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include a portfolio manager’s knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby the portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of a Fund.

 

Strive – Portfolio Manager

 

Strive has established policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts Strive manages are fairly and equitably allocated. There can be no assurance that these policies and procedures will be effective, however.

 

Angel Oak – Portfolio Manager

 

Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple funds and/or other accounts may experience the following potential conflicts: The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. Investment decisions for client accounts are also made consistent with a client’s individual investment objective and needs. Accordingly, there may be circumstances when purchases or sales of securities for one or more client accounts will have an adverse effect on other clients. The Adviser may seek to manage such competing interests by: (1) having a portfolio manager focus on a particular investment discipline; (2) utilizing a quantitative model in managing accounts; and/or (3) reviewing performance differences between similarly managed accounts on a periodic basis to ensure that any such differences are attributable by differences in investment guidelines and timing of cash flows. Angel Oak also maintains a Code of Ethics to establish standards and procedures for the detection and prevention of activities by which persons having knowledge of the investments and investment intentions of the Funds may abuse their fiduciary duties to the Funds.

 

35

 

 

If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one client, the Funds may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible accounts. To deal with these situations, Angel Oak has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple accounts.

 

With respect to securities transactions for clients, Angel Oak determines which broker to use to execute each order. However, Angel Oak may direct securities transactions to a particular broker/dealer for various reasons including receipt of research or participation interests in initial public offerings that may or may not benefit the Funds. To deal with these situations, the Adviser has adopted procedures to help ensure best execution of all client transactions.

 

From time to time, Angel Oak may make investments at different levels of an issuer’s or borrower’s capital structure (including but not limited to investments in debt versus equity). In managing such investments, Angel Oak will consider the interests of the Fund’s shareholders in deciding what actions to take with respect to a given issuer or borrower. These potential conflicts of interests may become more pronounced in situations in which an issuer or borrower experiences financial or operational challenges, or as a result of a Fund’s use of certain investment strategies, including small capitalization, emerging market, distressed or less liquid strategies.

 

Finally, the appearance of a conflict of interest may arise where Angel Oak has an incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, which relates to the management of one but not all accounts for which a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities.

 

Potential Restrictions and Issues Related to Material Non-Public Information: Angel Oak and its affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-public information, and as a result, Angel Oak may be restricted from trading in certain securities and instruments. Angel Oak will not be free to divulge, or to act upon, any such confidential or material non-public information and, due to these restrictions, Angel Oak may be unable to initiate a transaction for a Fund’s account that it otherwise might have initiated. As a result, a Fund may be frozen in an investment position that it otherwise might have liquidated or closed out or may not be able to acquire a position that it might otherwise have acquired.

 

Compensation

 

Strive – Portfolio Manager

 

Matthew Cole’s compensation is fixed. He also retains an equity interest in the holding company of Strive.

 

Angel Oak – Portfolio Managers

 

The Angel Oak portfolio managers receive an annual base salary from Angel Oak. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive a discretionary bonus, which is based on: profitability of Angel Oak; assets under management; investment performance of managed accounts; compliance with Angel Oak’s policies and procedures; contribution to the Angel Oak’s goals and objectives; anticipated compensation levels of competitor firms; effective research; role and responsibilities; client satisfaction; asset retention; teamwork; leadership; and risk management. Some portfolio managers have profit interest units in Angel Oak’s parent company in addition to their salary, bonus, and benefits package. These units participate in firm-wide profits and also convey capital value in the event of certain scenarios.

 

36

 

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Brokerage Transactions

 

Depending on prevailing market conditions, portfolio changes will generally be implemented through in-kind transactions (including a Cash Component or Cash Redemption Amount as applicable) for Creation Units or, in certain limited cases, through cash-only transactions for Creation Units. In connection with an in-kind component, the Adviser may nonetheless execute brokerage transactions for a Fund and a Fund may incur brokerage commissions, particularly during the early stages of the Funds’ development or in the case of transactions involving realized losses. In connection with the cash component (or with an all cash transaction), the Adviser will execute brokerage transactions for a Fund in connection with portfolio changes.

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities that are fixed income securities (for instance, money market instruments and bonds, notes and bills) usually are principal transactions. In a principal transaction, the party from whom a Fund purchases or to whom the Fund sells is acting on their own behalf (and not as the agent of some other party such as its customers). These securities normally are purchased directly from the issuer or from an underwriter or market maker for the securities. There usually are no brokerage commissions paid for these securities.

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities that are equity securities (for instance common stock and preferred stock) are generally effected: (1) if the security is traded on an exchange, through brokers who charge commissions; and (2) if the security is traded in the “over-the-counter” markets, in a principal transaction directly from a market maker. In transactions on stock exchanges, commissions are negotiated. When transactions are executed in an over-the-counter market, Angel Oak will seek to deal with the primary market makers; but when necessary to obtain best execution, the Adviser will utilize the services of others.

 

The price of securities purchased from underwriters includes a disclosed fixed commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and prices of securities purchased from dealers serving as market makers reflects the spread between the bid and asked price.

 

In the case of fixed income and equity securities traded in the over-the-counter markets, there is generally no stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup.

 

The Funds have not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and therefore do not have any information to report regarding brokerage commissions paid.

 

Brokerage Selection

 

Angel Oak places orders for the purchase and sale of securities with broker-dealers selected by and in its discretion of. The Funds do not have any obligation to deal with a specific broker or dealer in the execution of portfolio transactions. Allocations of transactions to brokers and dealers and the frequency of transactions are determined by Angel Oak in its best judgment and in a manner deemed to be in the best interest of the applicable Fund rather than by any formula.

 

Angel Oak seeks “best execution” for all portfolio transactions. This means that Angel Oak seeks the most favorable price and execution available. Angel Oak’s primary consideration in executing transactions for a Fund is prompt execution of orders in an effective manner and at the most favorable price available. The Funds may not always pay the lowest commission or spread available. Rather, in determining the amount of commissions (including certain dealer spreads) paid in connection with securities transactions, Angel Oak takes into account factors such as size of the order, difficulty of execution, efficiency of the executing broker’s facilities (including the research services described below) and any risk assumed by the executing broker.

 

37

 

 

Consistent with applicable rules and Angel Oak’s duties, Angel Oak may consider payments made by brokers effecting transactions for a Fund. These payments may be made to the Fund or to other persons on behalf of the Fund for services provided to the Fund for which those other persons would be obligated to pay.

 

Angel Oak may also utilize a broker and pay a slightly higher commission if, for example, the broker has specific expertise in a particular type of transaction (due to factors such as size or difficulty), or it is efficient in trade execution.

 

Obtaining Research from Brokers

 

Angel Oak has full brokerage discretion. Angel Oak evaluates the range and quality of a broker’s services in placing trades such as securing best price, confidentiality, clearance and settlement capabilities, promptness of execution and the financial stability of the broker-dealer. Angel Oak may give consideration to research services furnished by brokers to Angel Oak and Strive for their use, which may cause the Funds to pay these brokers a higher amount of commission than may be charged by other brokers. This research is designed to augment Angel Oak’s and Srive’s own internal research and investment strategy capabilities. This research may include reports that are common in the industry such as industry research reports and periodicals, quotation systems, software for portfolio management and formal databases. Typically, the research will be used to service all of Angel Oak accounts, although a particular client may not benefit from all the research received on each occasion. Angel Oak’s and Strive’s fees are not reduced by reason of receipt of research services. Most of the brokerage commissions for research are for investment research on specific companies or industries. And, because Angel Oak will follow a limited number of securities most of the commission dollars spent on research will directly benefit clients and the Funds’ investors.

 

Counterparty Risk

 

Angel Oak monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Funds’ transactions and intends to enter into a transaction only when it believes that the counterparty presents minimal and appropriate credit risks.

 

Brokerage with Fund Affiliates

 

Although not expected, the Funds may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Funds, the Adviser or the Distributor for a commission in conformity with the Investment Company Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. Under the Investment Company Act and the 1934 Act, affiliated broker-dealers are permitted to receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for a Fund on an exchange if a written contract is in effect between the affiliate and the Fund expressly permitting the affiliate to receive and retain such compensation. These rules further require that commissions paid to the affiliate by a Fund for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts that are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Board, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Funds, has adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and reviews these procedures periodically.

 

Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealers”

 

The Funds are required to identify any securities of their “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act) that the Funds may hold at the close of their most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers and dealers” of the Trust are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Trust’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Trust; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Trust’s shares.

 

The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and therefore does not hold any securities of “regular broker dealers.”

 

38

 

 

Other Accounts of Angel Oak

 

Investment decisions for each Fund are made independently from those for any other account or investment company that is or may in the future become advised by Angel Oak or its respective affiliates. Investment decisions are the product of many factors, including basic suitability for the particular client involved. Likewise, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. In addition, two or more clients may simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event, each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as is possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which, in Angel Oak’s opinion, is in the best interest of the affected accounts and is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of a portfolio security for one client could have an adverse effect on another client that has a position in that security. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for a Fund and other client accounts managed by Angel Oak occurs contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated to obtain any price advantages available to large denomination purchases or sales.

 

THE DISTRIBUTOR

 

Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), located at 111 E. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, WI 53202, serves as the Distributor for the Funds.

 

Shares will be continuously offered for sale by the Trust through the Distributor only in Creation Units, as described below under “Transactions in Creation Units.” Shares in less than Creation Units are not distributed by the Distributor. The Distributor also acts as agent for the Trust. The Distributor will deliver a Prospectus to persons purchasing Shares in Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA. The Distributor has no role in determining the investment policies of the Funds or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Funds.

 

The Board has adopted the Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. In accordance with its Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay an amount of 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities. The Plan was adopted in order to permit the implementation of the Funds’ method of distribution. No fees are currently paid by any Fund under the Plan. In the event such fees were to be charged, over time they would increase the cost of an investment in a Fund because they would be paid on an ongoing basis. If fees were charged under each Plan, the Trustees would receive and review at the end of each quarter a written report provided by the Distributor of the amounts expended under the Plan and the purpose for which such expenditures were made.

 

Each Plan will remain in effect for a period of one year and is renewable from year to year with respect to a Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees, and (2) by a vote of the majority of those Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan (the “Rule 12b-1 Trustees”), cast in person (or virtually, if permitted) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount of fees paid by any Fund unless such amendment is approved by an Investment Company Act majority vote of the outstanding shares and by the Fund Trustees in the manner described above. A Plan is terminable with respect to a Fund at any time by a vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by an Investment Company Act majority vote of the outstanding shares.

 

39

 

 

ACCOUNTING AND LEGAL SERVICE PROVIDERS

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

[ ], serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Funds.

 

Legal Counsel

 

Practus, LLP, 11300 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Suite 310, Leawood, Kansas 66211, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES

 

Organization and Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest

 

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and registered open-end investment company. The Trust was organized on October 11, 2013 and has authorized capital of an unlimited number of Shares of beneficial interest of no par value that may be issued in more than one class or series. Currently, the Trust consists of [ ] series, including the Funds discussed in this SAI. The Board may designate additional series and classify Shares of a particular series into one or more classes of that series.

 

Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders if the Investment Company Act does not require such a meeting, which it does not. Generally, there will not be annual meetings of Trust shareholders, but if requested in writing by shareholders of at least 25% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, the Trust will call a meeting of shareholders. Shareholders holding two-thirds of Shares outstanding of the Trust may remove Trustees from office by votes cast at a meeting of Trust shareholders or by written consent.

 

All Shares are freely transferable. Shares will not have preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights, and none of the Shares will have any preference to conversion, exchange, dividends, retirements, liquidation, redemption or any other feature. Shares have equal voting rights. The Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust confers upon the Board the power, by resolution, to alter the number of Shares constituting a Creation Unit or to specify that Shares of a Fund may be individually redeemable. The Trust reserves the right to adjust the stock prices of Shares to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any such adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits that would have no effect on the NAV of a Fund.

 

The Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust disclaims liability of the shareholders or the officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust that are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of a Fund’s property for all loss and expense of the Fund’s shareholders being held personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been a shareholder and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason. The risk of a Trust shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which a Fund itself would not be able to meet the Trust’s obligations and this risk should be considered remote.

 

If a Fund does not grow to a size to permit it to be economically viable, the Fund may cease operations. In such an event, shareholders may be required to liquidate or transfer their Shares at an inopportune time and shareholders may lose money on their investment.

 

40

 

 

Book Entry Only System

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Book Entry.”

 

DTC acts as Securities Depository for Shares. Shares of the Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.

 

DTC, a limited purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

 

Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase and sale of Shares.

 

Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the Shares of a Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

 

Fund distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall immediately credit DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in Shares of a Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

 

The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such Shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

 

DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to Shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.

 

41

 

 

Transactions In Creation Units

 

Each Fund sells and redeems Shares in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at the NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form on any Business Day. As of the date of this SAI, the Exchange observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. No Fund will issue fractional Creation Units.

 

A Creation Unit is an aggregation of [50,000] Shares. The Board may declare a split or a consolidation in the number of Shares outstanding of a Fund or Trust, and make a corresponding change in the number of Shares in a Creation Unit.

 

To purchase or redeem any Creation Units from a Fund, you must be, or transact through, an Authorized Participant. In order to be an Authorized Participant, you must be either a broker-dealer or other participant (“Participating Party”) in the Continuous Net Settlement System (“Clearing Process”) of the NSCC or a participant in DTC with access to the DTC system (“DTC Participant”), and you must execute an agreement (“Participant Agreement”) with the Distributor that governs transactions in the Fund’s Creation Units.

 

Transactions by an Authorized Participant that is a Participating Party using the NSCC system are referred to as transactions “through the Clearing Process.” Transactions by an Authorized Participant that is a DTC Participant using the DTC system are referred to as transactions “outside the Clearing Process.”

 

Investors who are not Authorized Participants but want to transact in Creation Units may contact the Distributor for the names of Authorized Participants. An Authorized Participant may require investors to enter into a separate agreement to transact through it for Creation Units and may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in a particular form. Investors should be aware that their broker may not be an Authorized Participant and, therefore, may need to place any order to purchase or redeem Creation Units through another broker or person that is an Authorized Participant, which may result in additional charges. There are expected to be a limited number of Authorized Participants at any one time.

 

Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement. Market disruptions and telephone or other communication failures may impede the transmission of orders.

 

Purchasing Creation Units

 

Fund Deposit. The consideration for a Creation Unit of a Fund is the Fund Deposit. The Fund Deposit will consist of the In-Kind Creation Basket and Cash Component, or an all cash payment (“Cash Value”), as determined by the Adviser to be in the best interest of the Fund.

 

The Cash Component will typically include a “Balancing Amount” reflecting the difference, if any, between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket. If the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket, the purchaser pays the Balancing Amount to a Fund. By contrast, if the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket, a Fund pays the Balancing Amount to the purchaser. The Balancing Amount ensures that the consideration paid by an investor for a Creation Unit is exactly equal to the value of the Creation Unit.

 

The Transfer Agent, in a portfolio composition file sent via the NSCC, generally makes available on each Business Day, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), a list of the names and the required number of shares of each security in the In-Kind Creation Basket to be included in the current Fund Deposit for each Fund (based on information about the Fund’s portfolio at the end of the previous Business Day) (subject to amendment or correction). If applicable, the Transfer Agent, through the NSCC, also makes available on each Business Day, the estimated Cash Component or Cash Value, effective through and including the previous Business Day, per Creation Unit.

 

42

 

 

The announced Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, for purchases of Creation Units of the Funds until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available. From day to day, the composition of the In-Kind Creation Basket may change as, among other things, corporate actions and investment decisions by the Adviser are implemented for a Fund’s portfolio. All questions as to the composition of the In-Kind Creation Basket and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities shall be determined by a Fund, and the Fund’s determination shall be final and binding. Each Fund reserves the right to accept a nonconforming (i.e., custom) Fund Deposit.

 

Payment of any stamp duty or the like shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing a Creation Unit. The Authorized Participant must ensure that all Deposit Securities properly denote change in beneficial ownership.

 

Cash in lieu. A Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (“cash in lieu”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any security in the In-Kind Creation Basket. A Fund may permit or require cash in lieu when, for example, the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process. Similarly, a Fund may permit or require cash in lieu when, for example, the Authorized Participant or its underlying investor is restricted under U.S. or local securities law or policies from transacting in one or more securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket. The Fund will comply with the federal securities laws in accepting securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket, including the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket that are sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. All orders involving cash in lieu are considered to be “custom orders.”

 

Order Cut-Off Time. For an order involving a Creation Unit to be effectuated at a Fund’s NAV on a particular day, it must be received by the Distributor by or before the deadline for such order (“Order Cut-Off Time”). The Business Day following the day on which such an order is submitted to purchase Creation Units of such Funds is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”

 

The Order Cut-Off Time for orders to purchase Creation Units for each Fund is 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.

 

Accordingly, In-Kind Creation and Redemption Baskets are expected to be accepted until the close of regular trading on the Exchange on each Business Day, which is usually 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. On days when the Exchange or bond markets close earlier than normal (such as the day before a holiday), the Order Cut-Off Time is expected to track the Exchange closing and be similarly earlier than normal.

 

Custom orders typically clear outside the Clearing Process and, therefore, like other orders outside the Clearing Process, may need to be transmitted early on the relevant Business Day to be effectuated at that day’s NAV. A custom order may be placed when, for example, an Authorized Participant cannot transact in a security in the In-Kind Creation or Redemption Basket and additional cash is included in a Fund Deposit or Fund Redemption in lieu of such security. Custom orders may be required to be received by the Distributor by 3:00 p.m., Eastern time to be effectuated based on a Fund’s NAV on that Business Day.

 

In all cases, cash and securities should be transferred to a Fund by the “Settlement Date,” which, unless extended as noted below, is generally the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date. The Settlement Date may be extended to two Business Days following the Transmittal Date if deemed to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders by the Adviser. Persons placing custom orders or orders involving Cash Value should be aware of time deadlines imposed by intermediaries, such as DTC and/or the Federal Reserve Bank wire system, which may delay the delivery of cash and securities by the Settlement Date.

 

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Placement of Creation Orders. All purchase orders must be placed by or through an Authorized Participant. To order a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable purchase order to the Distributor. In-kind (portions of) purchase orders will be processed through the Clearing Process when it is available. The Clearing Process is an enhanced clearing process that is available only for certain securities and only to DTC Participants that are also participants in the Clearing Process of the NSCC. In-kind (portions of) purchase orders not subject to the Clearing Process will go through a manual clearing process run by DTC. Fund Deposits that include government securities must be delivered through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system (“Federal Reserve System”). Fund Deposits that include cash may be delivered through the Clearing Process or the Federal Reserve System. Certain orders for the Funds may be made outside the Clearing Process. In-kind deposits of securities for such orders must be delivered through the Federal Reserve System (for government securities) or through DTC (for corporate securities).

 

Orders Using Clearing Process. In connection with creation orders made through the Clearing Process, the Distributor transmits, on behalf of the Authorized Participant, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the creation order. Pursuant to such trade instructions, the Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the requisite Fund Deposit to the Trust, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor. An order to create Creation Units through the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Business Day the order is placed (“Transmittal Date”) if (i) such order is received by the Distributor by the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. Cash Components will be delivered using either the Clearing Process or the Federal Reserve System, as described below.

 

Orders Outside Clearing Process. Fund Deposits made outside the Clearing Process must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that the creation of Creation Units will instead be effected through a transfer of securities and cash directly through DTC. With respect to such orders, the Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the DTC Participant on the Transmittal Date in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket (whether standard or custom) through DTC to the relevant Trust account by 11:00 a.m., Eastern time (the “DTC Cut-Off Time”) on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date. The amount of cash equal to the Cash Component, along with any cash in lieu and Transaction Fee, must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than 12:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date. The delivery of corporate securities through DTC must occur by 3:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date. The delivery of government securities through the Federal Reserve System must occur by 3:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date.

 

An order to create Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Distributor by the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. If the Custodian does not receive both the required In-Kind Creation Basket by the DTC Cut-Off Time and the Cash Component and applicable Transaction Fee by the appointed time, such order may be canceled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, a canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then-current In-Kind Creation Basket and Cash Component. Generally, the delivery of Creation Units so created will generally occur no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the order is deemed received by the Distributor. The Settlement Date may be extended to two Business Days following the Transmittal Date if deemed to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders by the Adviser. Authorized Participants that submit a canceled order will be liable to a Fund for any losses resulting therefrom.

 

Orders involving foreign securities are expected to be settled outside the Clearing Process. Thus, upon receipt of an irrevocable purchase order, the Distributor will notify the Adviser and the Custodian of such order. The Custodian, who will have caused the appropriate local sub-custodian(s) of the Fund to maintain an account into which an Authorized Participant may deliver the Fund Deposit (or cash in lieu), with adjustments determined by the Fund, will then provide information of the order to such local sub-custodian(s). The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the Settlement, by means satisfactory to the Fund, immediately available or same day funds in U.S. dollars estimated by the Fund to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component and Transaction Fee.

 

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While, as stated above, Creation Units are generally delivered the following Business Day, and generally no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the order is deemed received by the Distributor, except the Fund may settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than the one described above in order to accommodate foreign market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (that is the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security), and in certain other circumstances.

 

Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units. The Trust reserves the right to reject a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor in respect of a Fund if: (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the securities delivered do not conform to the In-Kind Creation Basket for the relevant date; (iii) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; or (iv) in the event that circumstances that are outside the control of the Trust, Custodian, Distributor and Adviser make it practically impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; fires, floods or extreme weather conditions; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Adviser, the Distributor, DTC, NSCC, the Custodian or sub-custodian or any other participant in the creation process; and similar extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify an Authorized Participant of its rejection of the order. A Fund, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits, and they shall not incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

 

Issuance of a Creation Unit. Once a Fund has accepted a creation order, upon next determination of a Fund’s NAV, a Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such NAV. The Distributor will transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.

 

Except as provided below, a Creation Unit will not be issued until a Fund obtains good title to the Kind-Creation Basket securities and the Cash Component, along with any cash in lieu and Transaction Fee. The delivery of Creation Units will generally occur no later than the second Business Day following the Transmittal Date for securities.

 

In certain cases, Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date. In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

 

With respect to orders involving foreign securities, when the applicable local sub-custodian(s) has confirmed to the Custodian that the In-Kind Creation Basket (or cash in lieu) has been delivered to a Fund’s account at the applicable sub-custodian(s), the Distributor and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit.

 

Creation Units may be created in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable In-Kind Creation Basket, provided the purchaser tenders an initial deposit consisting of any available securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket and cash equal to the sum of the Cash Component and at least 105% of the market value, as adjusted from time to time by the Adviser, of the In-Kind Creation Basket securities not delivered (“Additional Cash Deposit”). Such initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Creation Unit on the date the order is placed. The order shall be deemed to be received on the Transmittal Date provided that it is placed in proper form prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such date, and federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited with the Custodian by the DTC Cut-Off Time the following Business Day. If the order is not placed in proper form by 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by the DTC Cut-Off Time the next Business Day, then the order will be canceled or deemed unreceived and the Authorized Participant effectuating such transaction will be liable to a Fund for any losses resulting therefrom.

 

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To the extent securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket remain undelivered, pending delivery of such securities additional cash will be required to be deposited with the Trust as necessary to maintain an Additional Cash Deposit equal to at least 105% (as adjusted by the Adviser) of the daily marked-to-market value of the missing securities. To the extent that either such securities are still not received by 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor or a marked-to-market payment is not made within one Business Day following notification to the purchaser and/or Authorized Participant that such a payment is required, the Trust may use the cash on deposit to purchase the missing securities, and the Authorized Participant effectuating such transaction will be liable to a Fund for any costs incurred therein or losses resulting therefrom, including any Transaction Fee, any amount by which the actual purchase price of the missing securities exceeds the Additional Cash Deposit or the market value of such securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Distributor, as well as brokerage and related transaction costs. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing securities have been received by the Trust. The delivery of Creation Units so created will generally occur no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor.

 

Transaction Fees

 

Authorized Participants may be required to pay a Transaction Fee as set forth in the table below to compensate the Trust or its custodian for costs incurred in connection with creation and redemption transactions (“Transaction Costs”):

 

Fund  Standard
Transaction Fee
  Variable
Charge
 
Strive Total Return Bond ETF  $[ ]*  Up to [2.00]%  
Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF  $[ ]*  Up to [2.00]%  

 

* The Transaction Fee may be higher for transactions outside the Clearing Process. In addition, one half of the Transaction Fee may be waived in conjunction with rebalancing transactions.

 

The Standard Transaction Fee, which is payable to the Trust’s custodian, typically applies to in-kind purchases of the Fund effected through the Clearing Process on any Business Day, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased or redeemed that day (assuming, in the case of multiple orders on the same day, that the orders are received at or near the same time). A Transaction Fee of up to four times the standard fee may apply to creation and redemption transactions that occur outside the Clearing Process. As shown in the table above, certain Fund Deposits consisting of cash-in-lieu or Cash Value may be subject to a variable charge, which is payable to the relevant Fund, of up to [2.00]% of the value of the order in addition to the standard Transaction Fee. The Standard Transaction Fee may be waived on certain orders if the Trust’s custodian has determined to waive the Transaction Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee. A Fund may determine to waive the variable charge on certain orders when such waiver is determined to be in the best interests of Fund shareholders, e.g., for cash creation orders that facilitate the rebalance of a Fund’s portfolio in a more tax efficient manner than could be achieved without such order.

 

The Funds may adjust the Transaction Fee from time to time. The Standard Transaction Fee is based, in part, on the number of holdings in a Fund’s portfolio and may be adjusted on a quarterly basis if the number of holdings change. Investors will also be responsible for the costs associated with transferring the securities in the In-Kind Creation (and Redemption) Baskets to (and from) the account of the Trust. Further, investors who, directly or indirectly, use the services of a broker or other intermediary to compose a Creation Unit in addition to an Authorized Participant to effect a transaction in Creation Units may be charged an additional fee by such intermediary for such services.

 

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Cash Purchase Method. The Funds will primarily effect Creation Unit purchases in cash. Such purchase will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases. In the case of a cash purchase, the investor must pay the cash equivalent of the Fund Deposit. In addition, cash purchases may be subject to Transaction Fees as described above. Cash purchase may cause a Fund to incur certain costs that it would not have had the purchase been in-kind. These costs may include brokerage costs, execution, price movement and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades by the Fund. To the extent that these costs are not offset by the Transaction Fees the Fund’s NAV will be negatively impacted.

 

Redeeming Creation Units

 

Fund Redemptions. Fund Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by a Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. The redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and a Cash Redemption Amount, or an all cash payment (“Cash Value”), in all instances equal to the value of a Creation Unit.

 

There can be no assurance that there will be sufficient liquidity in Shares in the secondary market to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. In addition, investors may incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a Creation Unit.

 

The Cash Redemption Amount will typically include a Balancing Amount, reflecting the difference, if any, between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket. If the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket, a Fund pays the Balancing Amount to the redeeming investor. By contrast, if the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket, the redeeming investor pays the Balancing Amount to a Fund.

 

The composition of the In-Kind Creation Basket will normally be the same as the composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket. Otherwise, the In-Kind Redemption Basket will be made available by the Adviser or Transfer Agent. Each Fund reserves the right to accept a nonconforming (i.e., custom) Fund Redemption.

 

In lieu of an In-Kind Redemption Basket and Cash Redemption Amount, Creation Units may be redeemed consisting solely of cash in an amount equal to the NAV of a Creation Unit, which amount is referred to as the Cash Value. Such redemptions for the Funds may be subject to a variable charge, as explained above. If applicable, information about the Cash Value will be made available by the Adviser or Transfer Agent.

 

From day to day, the composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket may change as, among other things, corporate actions are implemented for a Fund’s portfolio. All questions as to the composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities shall be determined by a Fund, and the Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.

 

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed: (i) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the NYSE is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares or determination of a Fund’s NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstances as permitted by the SEC, including as described below.

 

Cash in lieu. A Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (“cash in lieu”) to be added to the Cash Redemption Amount to replace any security in the In-Kind Redemption Basket. A Fund may permit or require cash in lieu when, for example, the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process. Similarly, a Fund may permit or require cash in lieu when, for example, the Authorized Participant or its underlying investor is restricted under U.S. or local securities law or policies from transacting in one or more securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket. Each Fund will comply with the federal securities laws in satisfying redemptions with the applicable In-Kind Redemption Basket, including the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket that are sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. All redemption orders involving cash in lieu are considered to be “custom redemptions.”

 

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Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemptions must be placed to the Transfer Agent through the Distributor. In addition, redemption orders must be processed either through the DTC process or the Clearing Process. To redeem a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable redemption order to the Distributor.

 

An Authorized Participant submitting a redemption order is deemed to represent to a Fund that it or, if applicable, the investor on whose behalf it is acting, (i) owns outright or has full legal authority and legal beneficial right to tender for redemption the Creation Unit to be redeemed and can receive the entire proceeds of the redemption, and (ii) all of the Shares in the Creation Unit to be redeemed have not been borrowed, loaned or pledged to another party nor are they the subject of a repurchase agreement, securities lending agreement or such other arrangement which would preclude the delivery of such Shares to the Fund. A Fund reserves the absolute right, in its sole discretion, to verify these representations, but will typically require verification in connection with higher levels of redemption activity and/or short interest in the Fund. If the Authorized Participant, upon receipt of a verification report, does not provide sufficient verification of the requested representations, the redemption order will not be considered to be in proper form and may be rejected by the Fund.

 

In certain cases, Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date. In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

 

Placement of Redemption Orders Using Clearing Process. Orders to redeem Creation Units through the Clearing Process are deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Order Cut-Off Time on such Transmittal Date, and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. Orders deemed received will be effectuated based on the NAV of a Fund as next determined. An order to redeem Creation Units using the Clearing Process made in proper form but received by the Trust after the Order Cut-Off Time will be deemed received on the next Business Day and will be effected at the NAV next determined on such next Business Day. In connection with such orders, the Distributor transmits on behalf of the Authorized Participant such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the redemption. Pursuant to such trade instructions, the Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the requisite Creation Unit(s) to a Fund, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor. Cash Redemption Amounts will be delivered using either the Clearing Process or the Federal Reserve System. The applicable In-Kind Redemption Basket and the Cash Redemption Amount will be transferred to the investor by the second NSCC business day following the date on which such request for redemption is deemed received.

 

Placement of Redemption Orders Outside Clearing Process. Orders to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that redemption of Creation Units will instead be effected through transfer of Shares directly through DTC. Such orders are deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if: (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Order Cut-Off Time on the Transmittal Date; (ii) such order is accompanied or followed by the delivery of both (a) the Creation Unit(s), which delivery must be made through DTC to the Custodian no later than the DTC Cut-Off Time on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date and (b) the Cash Redemption Amount by 12:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date; and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. After the Trust has deemed such an order received, the Trust will initiate procedures to transfer, and expect to deliver, the requisite In-Kind Redemption Basket and/or any Cash Redemption Amount owed to the redeeming party by the second Business Day following the Transmittal Date on which such redemption order is deemed received by the Trust.

 

Orders involving foreign securities are expected to be settled outside the Clearing Process. Thus, upon receipt of an irrevocable redemption order, the Distributor will notify the Adviser and the Custodian. The Custodian will then provide information of the redemption to the Fund’s local sub-custodian(s). The redeeming Authorized Participant, or the investor on whose behalf it is acting, will have established appropriate arrangements with a broker-dealer, bank or other custody provider in each jurisdiction in which the securities are customarily traded and to which such securities (and any cash in lieu) can be delivered from a Fund’s accounts at the applicable local sub-custodian(s).

 

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The calculation of the value of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received upon redemption will be made by the Custodian computed on the Business Day on which a redemption order is deemed received by the Trust. Therefore, if a redemption order in proper form is submitted to the Transfer Agent by a DTC Participant or an Authorized Participant with the ability to transact through the Federal Reserve System, as applicable, not later than Closing Time on the Transmittal Date, and the requisite number of Shares of the relevant Fund are delivered to the Custodian prior to the DTC Cut-Off-Time, then the value of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received will be determined by the Custodian on such Transmittal Date. If, however, either: (i) the requisite number of Shares of the relevant Fund are not delivered by the DTC Cut-Off-Time, as described above, or (ii) the redemption order is not submitted in proper form, then the redemption order will not be deemed received as of the Transmittal Date. In such case, the value of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received will be computed on the Business Day following the Transmittal Date provided that the Fund Shares of the relevant Fund are delivered through DTC to the Custodian by 11:00 a.m., Eastern time, the following Business Day pursuant to a properly submitted redemption order.

 

If it is not possible to effect deliveries of the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket, the Trust may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem Shares in cash, and the redeeming beneficial owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that a Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a Transaction Fee, including a variable charge, if applicable, as described above).

 

A Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket, or cash in lieu of some securities added to the Cash Component, but in no event will the total value of the securities delivered and the cash transmitted differ from the NAV. Redemptions of Fund Shares for the In-Kind Redemption Basket will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the In-Kind Redemption Basket applicable to the redemption of a Creation Unit may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming beneficial owner of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment, beneficial ownership of shares or delivery instructions.

 

Delivery of Redemption Basket. Once a Fund has accepted a redemption order, upon next determination of the Fund’s NAV, the Fund will confirm the issuance of an In-Kind Redemption Basket, against receipt of the Creation Unit(s) at such NAV, any cash in lieu and Transaction Fee, if applicable. A Creation Unit tendered for redemption and the payment of the Cash Redemption Amount, any cash in lieu and Transaction Fee, if applicable, will be effected through DTC. The Authorized Participant, or the investor on whose behalf it is acting, will be recorded on the book-entry system of DTC.

 

In certain cases, Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date. In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

 

Cash Redemption Method. When cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions. In the case of a cash redemption, the investor will receive the cash equivalent of the In-Kind Redemption Basket minus any Transaction Fees, if applicable. Cash redemptions may cause a Fund to incur certain costs that it would not have had had the redemption been in-kind. These costs may include brokerage costs, execution, price movement and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades by the Fund, including taxable gains or losses it might not have incurred if the redemption had been in-kind. To the extent that these costs are not offset by the Transaction Fees the Fund’s NAV will be negatively impacted.

 

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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

The NAV of Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.

 

Each Fund calculates its NAV per Share by:

 

  Taking the current market value of its total assets,

 

  Subtracting any liabilities, and

 

  Dividing that amount by the total number of Shares owned by shareholders.

 

If you buy or sell Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your Shares in Creation Units.

 

Because securities listed on foreign exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when a Fund does not price its Shares, the NAV of a Fund, to the extent it may hold foreign securities, may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares.

 

Equity securities that are traded on a national securities exchange, except those listed on the NASDAQ Global Market® (“NASDAQ”) are valued at the last reported sale price on the exchange on which the security is principally traded. Securities traded on NASDAQ will be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If, on a particular day, an exchange-traded or NASDAQ security does not trade, then the most recent quoted bid for exchange traded or the mean between the most recent quoted bid and ask price for NASDAQ securities will be used. Equity securities that are not traded on a listed exchange are generally valued at the last sale price in the over-the-counter market. If a non-exchange traded security does not trade on a particular day, then the mean between the last quoted closing bid and asked price will be used. Prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents using current exchange rates deemed appropriate for a Fund, which approximates fair value.

 

Fixed income investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at market value, which is ordinarily determined based on official closing prices or the last reported sale prices of an instrument. Where no such closing price or sale price is reported, market value is determined based on quotes obtained from market makers or prices supplied by one or more third-party pricing source (“Pricing Services”), which may include evaluated prices. The types of investments in which the Funds typically invest are generally valued on the basis of evaluated prices provided by Pricing Services. Such prices may be based on a number of factors, including, among other things, information obtained from market makers and estimates based on recent market prices for investments with similar characteristics. Repurchase agreements are generally valued at par. In certain circumstances, short-term instruments may be valued on the basis of amortized cost.

 

If a market price is not readily available or is deemed not to reflect market value, a Fund will determine the price of the security held by the Fund based on a determination of the security’s fair value pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board. Fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Fund Shares. However, when a Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Shares’ NAV performance to diverge from the Shares’ market price and from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare a Fund’s performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate.

 

Redeemable securities issued by open-end investment companies are valued at the investment company’s applicable net asset value, with the exception of exchange-traded open-end investment companies which are priced as equity securities. Each investment company values securities and other instruments in a manner as described in that investment company’s prospectus.

 

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TAXES

 

The following are certain additional U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting a Fund and the purchase, ownership, and disposition of shares of the Fund that are not described in the Prospectus. The discussions below and in the Prospectus are only summaries and are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning. They do not address special tax rules applicable to certain classes of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, insurance companies and financial institutions. Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult his or her own tax adviser with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in each Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date this SAI was prepared, and such laws are subject to change. Future changes in tax laws may adversely impact a Fund and its shareholders.

 

Fund Taxation

 

Each Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity and has elected to be treated and intends to qualify for each of its taxable years as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

 

There are certain tax requirements that each Fund must follow if it is to avoid federal taxation. In its efforts to adhere to these requirements, each Fund may have to limit its investment activities in some types of instruments. Qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code requires, among other things, that (i) the Fund derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks or securities or foreign currencies, net income from qualified publicly traded partnerships or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, and forward contracts) derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stocks, securities or currencies (the “90% gross income test”); and (ii) the Fund diversify its holdings so that, in general, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the fair market value of the Fund’s total (gross) assets is comprised of cash, cash items, U.S. Government Securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total (gross) assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government Securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), two or more issuers controlled by the Fund and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or certain publicly traded partnerships.

 

For purposes of the 90% gross income test, income that each Fund earns from equity interests in certain entities that are not treated as corporations or as qualified publicly traded partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (e.g., partnerships or trusts) will generally have the same character for the Fund as in the hands of such an entity; consequently, the Fund may be required to limit its equity investments in any such entities that earn fee income, rental income, or other nonqualifying income. In addition, future Treasury regulations could provide that qualifying income under the 90% gross income test will not include gains from foreign currency transactions that are not directly related to a Fund’s principal business of investing in stock or securities or options and futures with respect to stock or securities. Using foreign currency positions or entering into foreign currency options, futures and forward or swap contracts for purposes other than hedging currency risk with respect to securities in a Fund’s portfolio or anticipated to be acquired may not qualify as “directly-related” under these tests.

 

If a Fund complies with the foregoing provisions, then in any taxable year in which the Fund distributes, in compliance with the Code’s timing and other requirements, an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (which includes dividends, taxable interest, taxable accrued original issue discount and market discount income, income from securities lending, any net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, certain net realized foreign exchange gains and any other taxable income other than “net capital gain,” as defined below, and is reduced by deductible expenses), plus 90% of the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest income (if any) over certain disallowed deductions, the Fund (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on any income of the Fund, including long-term capital gains, distributed to shareholders. If, instead, a Fund retains any investment company taxable income or net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. Because there are some uncertainties regarding the computation of the amounts deemed distributed to Fund shareholders for these purposes — including, in particular, uncertainties regarding the portion, if any, of amounts paid in redemption of Fund Shares that should be treated as such distributions — there can be no assurance that the Fund will avoid corporate-level tax in each year.

 

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Each Fund generally intends to distribute for each taxable year to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income, net capital gain and any tax-exempt interest. Exchange control or other foreign laws, regulations or practices may restrict repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of securities sales by foreign investors and may therefore make it more difficult for a Fund to satisfy the distribution requirements described above, as well as the excise tax distribution requirements described below. Each Fund generally expects, however, to be able to obtain sufficient cash to satisfy those requirements, from new investors, the sale of securities or other sources. If for any taxable year a Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, it will be taxed on all of its taxable income and net capital gain at corporate rates, and its distributions to shareholders will generally be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of its current and accumulated earnings and profits.

 

If a Fund retains any net capital gain, the Fund may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (1) if subject to U.S. federal income tax on long-term capital gains, will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of that undistributed amount, and (2) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds those liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of a Fund will be increased by the amount of any such undistributed net capital gain included in the shareholder’s gross income and decreased by the federal income tax paid by the Fund on that amount of net capital gain.

 

To avoid a 4% federal excise tax, a Fund must generally distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of 98% of its taxable ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year, 98.2% of the excess of its capital gains over its capital losses (generally computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year), and all taxable ordinary income and the excess of capital gains over capital losses for all previous years that were not distributed for those years and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. For federal income tax purposes, dividends declared by a Fund in October, November, or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and paid during January of the following year are taxable to such shareholders, and deductible by the Fund, as if paid on December 31 of the year declared. Each Fund anticipates that it will generally make timely distributions of income and capital gains in compliance with these requirements so that it will generally not be required to pay the excise tax.

 

For federal income tax purposes, each Fund is generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any taxable year to offset its own capital gains, if any. These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.

 

Gains and losses on the sale, lapse, or other termination of options and futures contracts, options thereon and certain forward contracts (except certain foreign currency options, forward contracts, and futures contracts) will generally be treated as capital gains and losses. Certain of the futures contracts, forward contracts and options held by a Fund will be required to be “marked-to-market” for federal tax purposes — that is, treated as having been sold at their fair market value on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year (or, for excise tax purposes, on the last day of the relevant period). These provisions may require a Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Any gain or loss recognized on actual or deemed sales of these futures contracts, forward contracts, or options will (except for certain foreign currency options, forward contracts, and futures contracts) be treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. As a result of certain hedging transactions entered into by a Fund, it may be required to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts, forward contracts, and options or underlying securities or foreign currencies to the extent of any unrecognized gains on related positions held by the Fund, and the characterization of gains or losses as long-term or short-term may be changed. The tax provisions described in this paragraph may affect the amount, timing, and character of a Fund’s distributions to shareholders. The application of certain requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company and the application of certain other tax rules may be unclear in some respects in connection with certain investment practices such as dollar rolls, or investments in certain derivatives, including interest rate swaps, floors, caps and collars, currency swaps, total return swaps, mortgage swaps, index swaps, forward contracts, and structured notes. As a result, a Fund may therefore be required to limit its investments in such transactions, and it is also possible that the IRS may not agree with the Fund’s tax treatment of such transactions. In addition, the tax treatment of derivatives, and certain other investments, may be affected by future legislation, Treasury Regulations and guidance issued by the IRS that could affect the timing, character and amount of a Fund’s income and gains and distributions to shareholders. Certain tax elections may be available to a Fund to mitigate some of the unfavorable consequences described in this paragraph.

 

52

 

 

Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to certain foreign currency transactions and instruments, which may affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain or loss recognized by a Fund. Under these rules, foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign currencies and certain futures and options thereon, foreign currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts, and foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables will generally be treated as ordinary income or loss, although in some cases elections may be available that would alter this treatment. If a net foreign exchange loss treated as ordinary loss under Section 988 of the Code were to exceed a Fund’s investment company taxable income (computed without regard to that loss) for a taxable year, the resulting loss would not be deductible by the Fund or its shareholders in future years. Net loss, if any, from certain foreign currency transactions or instruments could exceed net investment income otherwise calculated for accounting purposes, with the result being either no dividends being paid or a portion of a Fund’s dividends being treated as a return of capital for tax purposes, nontaxable to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his shares and, once such basis is exhausted, generally giving rise to capital gains.

 

Each Fund’s investment, if any, in zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities, certain structured securities or other securities bearing original issue discount or, if a Fund elects to include market discount in income currently, market discount, as well as any “marked-to-market” gain from certain options, futures or forward contracts, as described above, will in many cases cause the Fund to realize income or gain before the receipt of cash payments with respect to these securities or contracts. For a Fund to obtain cash to enable the Fund to distribute any such income or gain, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and to avoid federal income and excise taxes, the Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio investments sooner than it might otherwise have done.

 

Investments in lower-rated securities may present special tax issues for a Fund to the extent actual or anticipated defaults may be more likely with respect to those kinds of securities. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when an investor in such securities may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount, or market discount; when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities; how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income; and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a workout context are taxable. These and other issues will generally need to be addressed by a Fund, in the event it invests in such securities, so as to seek to eliminate or to minimize any adverse tax consequences.

 

If a Fund acquires stock (including, under proposed regulations, an option to acquire stock such as is inherent in a convertible bond) in certain foreign corporations that receive at least 75% of their annual gross income from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, rents, royalties or capital gain) or hold at least 50% of their assets in investments producing such passive income (“passive foreign investment companies”), the Fund could be subject to federal income tax and additional interest charges on “excess distributions” received from such companies or gain from the sale of stock in such companies, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. A Fund will not be able to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for such a tax. In some cases, elections may be available that will ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but those elections will require a Fund to include each year certain amounts as income or gain (subject to the distribution requirements described above) without a concurrent receipt of cash. A Fund may attempt to limit and/or to manage its holdings in passive foreign investment companies to minimize its tax liability or maximize its return from these investments.

 

If a Fund invests in certain real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) or in real estate mortgage investment conduit residual interests, a portion of the Fund’s income may be classified as “excess inclusion income.” A shareholder that is otherwise not subject to tax may be taxable on their share of any such excess inclusion income as “unrelated business taxable income.” In addition, tax may be imposed on a Fund on the portion of any excess inclusion income allocable to any shareholders that are classified as disqualified organizations.

 

53

 

 

Taxable U.S. Shareholders – Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions by a Fund, whether reinvested in additional shares or paid in cash, generally will be taxable to shareholders who are subject to tax.

 

In general, distributions from investment company taxable income for the year will be taxable as ordinary income. However, distributions to noncorporate shareholders attributable to dividends received by a Fund, if any, from U.S. and certain foreign corporations will generally be taxed at the long-term capital gain rate (described below), as long as certain other requirements are met. For these lower rates to apply, the noncorporate shareholders must have owned their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before a Fund’s ex-dividend date and the Fund must also have owned the underlying stock for this same period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date for the stock. The amount of a Fund’s distributions that otherwise qualify for these lower rates may be reduced as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities, hedging activities or a high portfolio turnover rate.

 

Distributions reported to shareholders as derived from a Fund’s dividend income, if any, that would be eligible for the dividends received deduction if the Fund were not a regulated investment company may be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders. The dividends received deduction, if available, is reduced to the extent the shares with respect to which the dividends are received are treated as debt-financed under federal income tax law and is eliminated if the shares are deemed to have been held for less than a minimum period, generally 46 days. The dividends received deduction also may be reduced as a result of a Fund’s hedging activities, securities lending activities or a high portfolio turnover rate. The dividend may, if it is treated as an “extraordinary dividend” under the Code, reduce a shareholder’s tax basis in its shares of a Fund. Capital gain dividends (i.e., dividends from net capital gain), if reported as such to shareholders, will be taxed to shareholders as long-term capital gain regardless of how long shares have been held by shareholders, but are not eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations. The maximum individual rate applicable to long-term capital gains is generally either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Distributions, if any, that are in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first reduce a shareholder’s tax basis in his shares and, after such basis is reduced to zero, will generally constitute capital gains to a shareholder who holds his shares as capital assets.

 

Certain distributions reported by a Fund as Section 163(j) interest dividends may be treated as interest income by shareholders for purposes of the tax rules applicable to interest expense limitations under Section 163(j) of the Code. Such treatment by the shareholder is generally subject to holding period requirements and other potential limitations, although the holding period requirements are generally not applicable to dividends declared by money market funds and certain other funds that declare dividends daily and pay such dividends on a monthly or more frequent basis. The amount that a Fund is eligible to report as a Section 163(j) dividend for a tax year is generally limited to the excess of the Fund’s business interest income over the sum of the Fund’s (i) business interest expense and (ii) other deductions properly allocable to the Fund’s business interest income.

 

Individuals and certain other noncorporate entities are generally eligible for a 20% deduction with respect to ordinary dividends received from REITs (“qualified REIT dividends”) and certain taxable income from publicly traded partnerships. Applicable treasury regulations permit a regulated investment company to pass through to its shareholders qualified REIT dividends eligible for the 20% deduction. However, the regulations do not provide a mechanism for a regulated investment company to pass through to its shareholders income from publicly traded partnerships that would be eligible for such deduction.

 

Different tax treatment, including penalties on certain excess contributions and deferrals, certain pre-retirement and post-retirement distributions and certain prohibited transactions, is accorded to accounts maintained as qualified retirement plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers for more information.

 

54

 

 

Taxable U.S. Shareholders - Sale of Shares

 

When a shareholder’s shares are sold, redeemed, or otherwise disposed of in a transaction that is treated as a sale for tax purposes, the shareholder will generally recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares and the cash, or fair market value of any property, received. (To aid in computing that tax basis, a shareholder should generally retain its account statements for the period that it holds shares.) If the shareholder holds the shares as a capital asset at the time of sale, the character of the gain or loss should be capital, and treated as long-term if the shareholder’s holding period is more than one year and short-term otherwise, subject to the rules below.

 

Certain special tax rules may apply to a shareholder’s capital gains or losses on Fund shares. If a shareholder receives a capital gain dividend with respect to shares and such shares have a tax holding period of six months or less at the time of a sale or redemption of such shares, then any loss the shareholder realizes on the sale or redemption will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of such capital gain dividend. Additionally, any loss realized on a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced with other shares of the same Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired. If a Fund redeems a shareholder in-kind rather than in cash, the shareholder would realize the same gain or loss as if the shareholder had been redeemed in cash.

 

Further, the shareholder’s basis in the securities received in the in-kind redemption would be the securities’ fair market value on the date of the in-kind redemption.

 

Medicare Tax

 

An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.

 

Foreign Taxes

 

Certain funds may be subject to foreign taxes on income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) from foreign securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate those foreign taxes in some cases. If more than 50% of a Fund’s total assets at the close of a taxable year consists of stock or securities of foreign corporations, or if at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies, the Fund may file an election with the IRS pursuant to which the shareholders of the Fund will be required (1) to report as dividend income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) their pro rata shares of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund that are treated as income taxes under U.S. tax regulations (which excludes, for example, stamp taxes, securities transaction taxes, and similar taxes) even though not actually received by those shareholders, and (2) to treat those respective pro rata shares as foreign income taxes paid by them, which they can claim either as a foreign tax credit, subject to applicable limitations, against their U.S. federal income tax liability or as an itemized deduction. (Shareholders who do not itemize deductions for federal income tax purposes will not, however, be able to deduct their pro rata portion of foreign taxes paid by the Fund, although those shareholders will be required to include their share of such taxes in gross income if the foregoing election is made by a Fund.)

 

55

 

 

If a shareholder chooses to take credit for the foreign taxes deemed paid by such shareholder as a result of any such election by a Fund, the amount of the credit that may be claimed in any year may not exceed the same proportion of the U.S. tax against which such credit is taken which the shareholder’s taxable income from foreign sources (but not in excess of the shareholder’s entire taxable income) bears to his entire taxable income. For this purpose, distributions from long-term and short-term capital gains or foreign currency gains by a Fund will generally not be treated as income from foreign sources. This foreign tax credit limitation may also be applied separately to certain specific categories of foreign-source income and the related foreign taxes. As a result of these rules, which have different effects depending upon each shareholder’s particular tax situation, certain shareholders of a Fund may not be able to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund even if the election is made by the Fund.

 

Shareholders who are not liable for U.S. federal income taxes, including retirement plans, other tax-exempt shareholders, and non-U.S. shareholders, will ordinarily not benefit from the foregoing Fund election with respect to foreign taxes. Each year, if any, that a Fund files the election described above, shareholders will be notified of the amount of (1) each shareholder’s pro rata share of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund and (2) the portion of Fund dividends that represents income from foreign sources. If a Fund cannot or does not make this election, it may deduct its foreign taxes in computing the amount it is required to distribute.

 

Non-U.S. Shareholders

 

The discussion above relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law as it applies to “U.S. persons” subject to tax under such law.

 

Except as discussed below, distributions to shareholders who, as to the United States, are not “U.S. persons,” (i.e., are nonresident aliens, foreign corporations, fiduciaries of foreign trusts or estates or other non-U.S. investors) generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the rate of 30% on distributions treated as ordinary income unless the tax is reduced or eliminated pursuant to a tax treaty or the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder; but distributions of net capital gain (the excess of any net long-term capital gains over any net short-term capital losses) including amounts retained by a Fund which are designated as undistributed capital gains, to such a non-U.S. shareholder will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the distributions are effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business in the United States or, in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. Non-U.S. shareholders may also be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax on deemed income resulting from any election by a Fund to treat qualified foreign taxes it pays as passed through to shareholders (as described above) but may not be able to claim a U.S. tax credit or deduction with respect to such taxes.

 

Non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding on certain distributions of interest income and/or short-term capital gains that are designated by a Fund. It is expected that each Fund will generally make designations of short-term gains, to the extent permitted, but such Fund does not intend to make designations of any distributions attributable to interest income. Therefore, all distributions of interest income will be subject to withholding when paid to non-U.S. investors.

 

Any capital gain realized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the gain is effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business in the U.S., or in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met.

 

Non-U.S. persons who fail to furnish the proper IRS Form W-8 (i.e., W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, W-8ECI, W-8IMY or W-8EXP), or an acceptable substitute, may be subject to backup withholding at a 24% rate on dividends (including capital gain dividends) and on the proceeds of redemptions and exchanges. Also, non-U.S. shareholders of a Fund may be subject to U.S. estate tax with respect to their Fund shares.

 

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Withholding of U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) is required with respect to payments of dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to enable the applicable withholding agent to determine whether withholding is required.

 

Each shareholder who is not a U.S. person should consult his or her tax adviser regarding the U.S. and non-U.S. tax consequences of ownership of shares of, and receipt of distributions from, a Fund.

 

Backup Withholding

 

Backup withholding may be required at a rate up to 24% with respect to distributions payable to shareholders who fail to provide their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Corporate shareholders and certain other shareholders specified in the Code generally are exempt from such backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal tax liability.

 

Creation Units

 

As a result of U.S. federal income tax requirements, the Trust on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for a creation of shares if the creator (or group of creators) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the Deposit Securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. See “Creations and Redemptions.”

 

State and Local Taxes

 

Each Fund may be subject to state or local taxes in jurisdictions in which the Fund is deemed to be doing business. In addition, in those states or localities that impose income taxes, the treatment of a Fund and its shareholders under those jurisdictions’ tax laws may differ from the treatment under federal income tax laws, and investment in the Fund may have tax consequences for shareholders that are different from those of a direct investment in the Fund’s portfolio securities. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers concerning state and local tax matters.

 

Possible Tax Law Changes. At the time that this SAI is being prepared, various administrative and legislative changes to the federal tax laws are under consideration, but it is not possible at this time to determine whether any of these changes will be made or what the changes might entail.

 

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Financial Statements and Annual Reports will be available after the Fund has completed a fiscal period/year of operations. When available, you may request a copy of the Fund’s Annual Report at no charge by calling (215) 882-9983, or you may download the report at the Fund’s website at www.strivefunds.com.

 

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Appendix A

 

Revised: September 2022

 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

Strive Asset Management, LLC

 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

Proxy Voting Policy

 

The Board has delegated authority to Strive Asset Management, LLC (the “Firm”) to vote all proxies relating to the securities held in the Fund’s portfolios in the best interest of Fund and its shareholders. The Firm has therefore adopted the following procedures for voting proxies on behalf of the Fund.

 

Voting Procedures

 

All employees will forward any proxy materials received on behalf of Fund to the Compliance Officer, who will determine which Fund holds the security to which the proxy relates.

 

Absent material conflicts, the Compliance Officer will determine how the Firm should vote the proxy in accordance with applicable voting guidelines, complete the proxy and direct that the proxy be submitted in a timely and appropriate manner.

 

Disclosure

 

The Firm will provide conspicuously displayed information to the Fund summarizing this proxy voting policy and procedures, including a statement that Fund may request information regarding how the Firm voted the Fund’s proxies, and that Fund may request a copy of these policies and procedures. The Fund will disclose this Proxy Policy, or the Firm’s description of the Proxy Policy, to its shareholders by including it as an appendix to the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) on Form N-1A.

 

Voting Guidelines

 

In the absence of specific voting guidelines from the Fund, the Firm will vote proxies in the best interests of the Fund. The Firm’s policy is to vote all proxies from a specific issuer the same way for the Fund absent qualifying restrictions from the Fund. The Fund is permitted to place reasonable restrictions on the Firm’s voting authority in the same manner that it may place such restrictions on the actual selection of portfolio securities.

 

The Firm will generally vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals such as the selection of auditors absent conflicts of interest raised by an auditor’s non-audit services.

 

In reviewing proposals, the Firm will certainly consider the opinion of management and the effect on management, and the effect on shareholder value and the issuer’s business practices.

 

The Firm will generally vote in favor of proposals and board members that steward companies to be mission driven, customer centric, innovative, foster a merit-based company culture, and drive strong financial results and discipline. The Firm will generally oppose proposals and board members that violate the same.

 

A-1

 

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

The Firm will identify any conflicts that exist between the interests of the Firm and the Fund(s) by reviewing the relationship of the Firm with the issuer of each security to determine if the Firm or any of its employees has any financial, business or personal relationship with the issuer.

 

If a material conflict of interest exists, the Compliance Officer will determine whether it is appropriate to disclose the conflict to the affected Fund(s), to give such Fund(s) an opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address the voting issue through other objective means such as voting in a manner consistent with a predetermined voting policy or receiving an independent third-party voting recommendation.

 

The Firm will maintain a record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest.

 

Reporting

 

The Firm will present to the Board a quarterly report summarizing its proxy voting compliance activities for the preceding quarter. In accordance with its procedures, the Board will review the quarterly report to ensure compliance with the SEC Rules and this Policy, and will determine the steps and procedures, if any, that must be undertaken or adopted by the Firm to ensure further compliance with the relevant laws. Votes cast on behalf of the Fund will be compiled and transmitted to the Administrator, which will assist in preparing the Form N-PX report as required by the SEC.

 

Recordkeeping

 

The Compliance Officer shall retain the following proxy records in accordance with the SEC’s five-year retention requirement:

 

  1. These policies and procedures and any amendments;

 

  2. A copy of each proxy statement that the Firm receives;

 

  3. A record of each vote that the Firm casts;

 

  4. Any document the Firm created that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies, or that memorializes that decision.

 

A copy of each written request from the Fund for information on how the Firm voted such Fund’s proxies, and a copy of any written response.

 

A-2

 

 

APPENDIX B – DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

A.Long-Term Ratings

 

1.Moody’s Investors Service – Long-Term Corporate Obligation Ratings

 

Moody’s long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.

 

AaaObligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

 

AaObligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

AObligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

BaaObligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

BaObligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

BObligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

CaaObligations rated Caa are judged to speculative be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

CaObligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

CObligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

NoteMoody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid- range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

 

2.Standard and Poor’s – Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings (including Preferred Stock)

 

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:

 

Likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

 

Nature and provisions of the financial obligation and the promise S&P imputes;

 

Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

 

B-1

 

 

Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

 

AAAAn obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AAAn obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

 

AAn obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBBAn obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

NoteObligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.

 

BBAn obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

BAn obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

CCCAn obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCAn obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

 

CAn obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.

 

DAn obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

 

NotePlus (+) or minus (-). The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

NRThis indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

B-2

 

 

3.Fitch – International Long-Term Credit Ratings

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings (LTCR) may also be referred to as Long-Term Ratings. When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations.

 

The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings:

 

Investment Grade

 

AAAHighest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AAVery high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

AHigh credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

BBBGood credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that there are currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.

 

Speculative Grade

 

BBSpeculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

 

BHighly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

CCCDefault is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions.

 

CCDefault of some kind appears probable.

 

CDefault is imminent.

 

RDIndicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

 

B-3

 

 

DIndicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following:

 

Failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation;

 

The bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor;

 

The distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.

 

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.

 

Issuers will be rated ‘D’ upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of ‘C’ to ‘B’ ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the ‘B’ or ‘CCC-C’ categories.

 

Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.

 

NoteThe modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’, or to Short-term ratings other than ‘F1’. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)

 

B.Preferred Stock Ratings

 

1.Moody’s Investors Service

 

AaaAn issue which is rated “aaa” is considered to be a top-quality preferred stock. This rating indicates good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred stocks.

 

AaAn issue which is rated “aa” is considered a high-grade preferred stock. This rating indicates that there is a reasonable assurance the earnings and asset protection will remain relatively well-maintained in the foreseeable future.

 

AAn issue which is rated “a” is considered to be an upper-medium grade preferred stock. While risks are judged to be somewhat greater than in the “aaa” and “aa” classification, earnings and asset protection are, nevertheless, expected to be maintained at adequate levels.

 

BaaAn issue which is rated “baa” is considered to be a medium-grade preferred stock, neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Earnings and asset protection appear adequate at present but may be questionable over any great length of time.

 

B-4

 

 

BaAn issue which is rated “ba” is considered to have speculative elements and its future cannot be considered well assured. Earnings and asset protection may be very moderate and not well safeguarded during adverse periods. Uncertainty of position characterizes preferred stocks in this class.

 

BAn issue which is rated “b” generally lacks the characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of dividend payments and maintenance of other terms of the issue over any long period of time may be small.

 

CaaAn issue which is rated “caa” is likely to be in arrears on dividend payments. This rating designation does not purport to indicate the future status of payments.

 

CaAn issue which is rated “ca” is speculative in a high degree and is likely to be in arrears on dividends with little likelihood of eventual payments.

 

CThis is the lowest rated class of preferred or preference stock. Issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

NoteMoody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each rating classification; The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.

 

C.Short Term Ratings

 

1.Moody’s Investors Service

 

Moody’ s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.

 

Moody’ s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

 

P-1Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-2Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-3Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

NPIssuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

NoteCanadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.

 

B-5

 

 

2.Standard and Poor’s

 

A-1A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

BA short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B-1A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative- grade obligors.

 

B-2A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

B-3A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative- grade obligors.

 

CA short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

DA short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

NoteDual Ratings. Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, ‘SP-1+/A-1+’).

 

B-6

 

 

3.Fitch

 

The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.

 

F1Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

F2Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

 

F3Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.

 

BSpeculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

CHigh default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

DIndicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

 

NoteThe modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’, or to Short-term ratings other than ‘F1’. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)

 

B-7

 

 

PART C

 

OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28. Exhibits:

 

(a) Articles of Incorporation.

 

  (1) Agreement and Declaration of Trust of EA Series Trust (the “Registrant”), previously filed as Exhibit 99.a.1 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (2) [Intentionally Omitted]
     
  (3) [Intentionally Omitted]
     
  (4) Restated Certificate of Trust of EA Series Trust, as filed with the office of the Secretary of State of Delaware on April 21, 2022, previously filed as Exhibit 99.a.4 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 120 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 13, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(b) By-laws of the Registrant, previously filed as Exhibit 99.b.1 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(c) Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders.

 

  (1) Agreement and Declaration of Trust

 

  (i) Article III: Shares

 

  (ii) Article V: Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings

 

  (iii) Article VI: Net Asset Value; Distributions; Redemptions; Transfers

 

  (iv) Article VIII: Certain Transactions, Section 4

 

  (v) Article X: Miscellaneous, Section 4

 

  (2) By-Laws

 

  (i) Article II: Meetings of Shareholders

 

  (ii) Article VI: Records and Reports, Sections 1, 2, and 3

 

  (iii) Article VII: General Matters, Sections 3, 4, 6, and 7

 

  (iv) Article VIII: Amendments, Section 1

 

C-1

 

 

(d) Investment Advisory Agreements.

 

  (1) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC (October 17, 2014), with respect to ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF, ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF, MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.1 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (i) Second Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement (February 8, 2019), previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.1.i with Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrant’s registration statement on February 20, 2019, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (2) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC (February 6, 2017), with respect to Alpha Architect Value Momentum Trend ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.1.i with Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s registration statement on April 26, 2017, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(i) Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC (February 6, 2017), with respect to Alpha Architect Value Momentum Trend ETF, Alpha Architect U.S. Quantitative Value ETF, Alpha Architect International Quantitative Value ETF, Alpha Architect U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF and the Alpha Architect International Quantitative Momentum ETF previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.2.i with Post-Effective Amendment No. 212 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 30, 2023, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (3) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to Freedom 100 Emerging Markets ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.3 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 17, 2019, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (4) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to Merlyn.AI Bull-Rider Bear-Fighter ETF and Merlyn.AI Tactical Growth and Income ETF – previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.4 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 28, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (5) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to Gadsden Dynamic Multi-Asset ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.5 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 23, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (6) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Gadsden, LLC with respect to Gadsden Dynamic Multi-Asset ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.6 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 23, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (7) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the UPHOLDINGS Compound Kings ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.7 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 25, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (8) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Upholdings Group LLC with respect to the UPHOLDINGS Compound Kings ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.8 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 25, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-2

 

 

  (9) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to Merlyn.AI Best-of-Breed Core Momentum ETF and Merlyn.AI SectorSurfer Momentum ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.9 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 23, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (10) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Freedom Day Dividend ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.10 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 3, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (11) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Freedom Day Solutions, LLC with respect to the Freedom Day Dividend ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.11 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 3, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (12) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (13) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (14) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Sparkline Intangible Value ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.14 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 23, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (15) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Sparkline Capital LP with respect to the Sparkline Intangible Value ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.15 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 23, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (16) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Viridi Cleaner Energy Crypto-Mining & Semiconductor ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.16 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registrant’s registration statement on July 20, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (17) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and New Gen Minting, LLC with respect to the Viridi Cleaner Energy Crypto-Mining & Semiconductor ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.17 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registrant’s registration statement on July 20, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (18) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (19) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (20) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Discipline Fund ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.20 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 15, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (21) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Orcam Financial Group, LLC with respect to the Discipline Fund ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.21 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 15, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-3

 

 

  (22) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Guru Favorite Stocks ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.22 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 14, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (23) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and GuruFocus Investments, LLC with respect to the Guru Favorite Stocks ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.23 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 14, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (24) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Generation Z ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.24 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 13, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (25) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Alkali Fintech LLC with respect to the Generation Z ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.25 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 13, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (26) [Intentionally Omitted]
     
  (27) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (28) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the ROC ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.28 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (29) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and ROC Investments, LLC with respect to the ROC ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.28 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (30) [Intentionally Omitted]
     
  (31) [Intentionally Omitted]
     
  (32) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.32 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 115 to the Registrant’s registration statement on April 1, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (33) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Relative Sentiment Technologies, LLC with respect to the Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.33 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 115 to the Registrant’s registration statement on April 1, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (34) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Argent Mid Cap ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.34 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-4

 

 

  (35) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Argent Capital Management LLC with respect to the Argent Mid Cap ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.35 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (36) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the AOT Growth and Innovation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.36 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (37) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and AOT Invest LLC with respect to the AOT Growth and Innovation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.37 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (38) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (39) [Intentionally Omitted]
     
  (40) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the EA Bridgeway Blue Chip ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.40 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 11, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (i) Amendment No. 1 to Schedule A to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the EA Bridgeway Omni Small-Cap Value ETF - previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.40(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 199 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 19, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(41)

 

Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Bridgeway Capital Management, LLC, with respect to the EA Bridgeway Blue Chip ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.41 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 11, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (i) Amendment No. 1 to Schedule A to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and Bridgeway Capital Management, LLC, with respect to the EA Bridgeway Omni Small-Cap Value ETF – previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.41(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 199 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 19, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(42) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Strive U.S. Energy ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.42 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (i) Amendment No. 1 to Schedule A to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Strive 500 ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d(42)(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (ii) Amendment No. 2 to Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Strive U.S. Semiconductor ETF and Strive U.S. Technology ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d(42)(ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 179 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 3, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-5

 

 

  (iii) Amendment No. 3 to Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Strive 1000 Growth ETF, Strive 1000 Value ETF, Strive 2000 ETF, and Strive 1000 Dividend Growth ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d(42)(iii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (iv) Form of Amendment No. 4 to Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Strive Emerging Markets Ex-China ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d(42)(iv) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 205 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 9, 2023, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (v) Amendment No. 5 to Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Strive Developed Markets ETF, Strive Total Return Bond ETF and Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF – To be filed by amendment.
       
  (43) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and Strive Asset Management, LLC, with respect to the Strive U.S. Energy ETF, Strive U.S. Semiconductor ETF, Strive U.S. Technology ETF and Strive Emerging Ex-China ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.43 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

    (i) Amendment No. 1 to Schedule A to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and Strive Asset Management, LLC, with respect to the Strive 500 ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d(43)(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

    (ii) Amendment No. 2 to Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and Strive Asset Management, LLC, with respect to the Strive 1000 Growth ETF, Strive 1000 Value ETF, Strive 2000 ETF, and Strive 1000 Dividend Growth ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d(43)(ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
       
    (iii)

Amendment No. 3 to Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and Strive Asset Management, LLC, with respect to the Strive Developed Markets ETF, Strive Total Return Bond ETF and Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF – To be filed by amendment.

 

  (44) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Altrius Global Dividend ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.44 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (45) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and Altrius Capital Management, Inc., with respect to the Altrius Global Dividend ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.45 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (46) [Intentionally Omitted]
     
  (47) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (48) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Burney U.S. Factor Rotation ETF previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.48 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 180 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-6

 

 

  (49) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, and The Burney Company, with respect to the Burney U.S. Factor Rotation ETF previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.49 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 180 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (50) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.50 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 192 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (51) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Alpha Architect, LLC with respect to the Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.d.51 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 192 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (52) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to Alpha Architect Tail Risk ETF and Alpha Architect 1-3 Month Box ETF previously filed as Exhibit 99.d52 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 191 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 10, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (53) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and Arin Risk Advisors, LLC with respect to the Alpha Architect Tail Risk ETF and Alpha Architect 1-3 Month Box ETF previously filed as Exhibit 99.d53 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 191 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 10, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (54)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Euclidean Fundamental Value ETF – To be filed by amendment.

     
  (55)

Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Euclidean Technologies Management, LLC with respect to the Euclidean Fundamental Value ETF – To be filed by amendment.

     
  (56)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC, with respect to the Bridges Capital Tactical Equity ETF – To be filed by amendment.

     
  (57)

Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Bridges Capital, LLC with respect to the Bridges Capital Tactical Equity ETF – To be filed by amendment.

     
  (58)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC with respect to the MKAM ETF – To be filed by amendment.

     
  (59)

Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and MKAM ETF LLC with respect to the MKAM ETF – To be filed by amendment.

     
  (60) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC with respect to the Morgan Dempsey Large Cap Value ETF – To be filed by amendment.
     
  (61)

Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Morgan Dempsey Capital Management, LLC with respect to the Morgan Dempsey Large Cap Value ETF – To be filed by amendment.

     
  (62)

Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC and Angel Oak Capital Advisors, LLC with respect to the Strive Total Return Bond ETF and the Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF – To be filed by amendment.

 

C-7

 

 

(e) Underwriting Contracts.

 

  (1) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Quasar Distributors, LLC –, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e.1 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (i) Novation Agreement for Quasar Distributors, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e.(1)(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 to the Registrant’s registration statement on July 22, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (ii) Novation Agreement for Quasar Distributors, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e.(1)(ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 15, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (iii) Third Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e(1)(iii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 to the Registration statement on January 19, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (iv) Fourth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e(1)(iv) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (v) Fifth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e(1)(v) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vi) Sixth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e(1)(vi) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vii) Seventh Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e(1)(vii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (viii) Eighth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e(1)(viii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (ix) Form of Ninth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e(1)(ix) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 205 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 9, 2023, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (2) Form of Authorized Participant Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.e.2 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(f) Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts.

 

Not Applicable.

 

C-8

 

 

(g) Custodian Agreements

 

  (1) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g.1 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (i) Seventeenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g(1)(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (ii) Eighteenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g(1)(ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (iii) Nineteenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g(1)(iii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (iv) Twentieth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g(1)(iv) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (v) Twenty-first Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g(1)(v) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 11, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vi) Twenty-second Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g.(1)(vi) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vii) Twenty-third Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g.(1)(vii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (viii) Twenty-fourth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g(1)(viii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (ix) Twenty-fifth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed as Exhibit 99.g(1)(ix) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-9

 

 

(h) Other Material Contracts.

 

  (1) Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.1 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (i) Seventeenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (ii) Eighteenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (iii) Nineteenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(iii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (iv) Twentieth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(iv) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (v) Twenty-first Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(v) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 11, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vi) Twenty-second Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(vi) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vii) Twenty-third Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(vii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (viii) Twenty-fourth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(viii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (ix) Twenty-fifth Amendment and Amended Exhibit B to the Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(1)(ix) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-10

 

 

  (2) Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.2 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (i) Seventeenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (ii) Eighteenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (iii) Nineteenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(iii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (iv) Twentieth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(iv) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (v) Twenty-first Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(v) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 11, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vi) Twenty-second Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(vi) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vii) Twenty-third Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(vii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (viii) Twenty-fourth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(viii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (ix) Twenty-fifth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(2)(ix) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-11

 

 

  (3) Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.3 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (i) Seventeenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (ii) Eighteenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (iii) Nineteenth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(iii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (iv) Twentieth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(iv) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (v) Twenty-first Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(v) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 11, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vi) Twenty-second Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(vi) with Post-Effective Amendment No, 165 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (vii) Twenty-third Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(vii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (viii) Twenty-fourth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(viii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (ix) Twenty-fifth Amendment and Amended Exhibit A to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h(3)(ix) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (4) Fourth Amended and Restated Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Alpha Architect Value Momentum Trend ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.4 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 23, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-12

 

 

  (5) Index License Agreement between Life + Liberty Indexes and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.5 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 17, 2019, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (6) Sublicense Agreement between Empowered Funds, LLC and the Registrant related to the Freedom 100 Emerging Markets ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.6 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 17, 2019, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (7) Amended and Restated Index License Agreement between Merlyn.AI Corporation and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.7 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 23, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (8) Amended and Restated Sublicense Agreement between Empowered Funds, LLC and the Registrant related to MAI Bull-Rider Bear-Fighter Index, MAI Tactical Growth and Income Index, MAI Best-of-Breed Core Momentum Index, MAI SectorSurfer Momentum Index, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.8 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 23, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (9) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (10) Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant, for Merlyn.AI Best-of-Breed Core Momentum ETF and Merlyn.AI SectorSurfer Momentum ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.10 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 1, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (11) Amended and Restated License Agreement among the Registrant, Empowered Funds, LLC, and Upholdings Group, LLC for UPHOLDINGS Compound Kings ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.11 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 25, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (12) Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between, inter alia, the Registrant, on behalf of its series, the UPHOLDINGS Compound Kings ETF and Upholdings Funds LLC, on behalf of its series, the Flagship Fund, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.12 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 25, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (13) Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant, for Discipline Fund ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.13 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 15, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (14) Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant, for the UPHOLDINGS Compound Kings ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.14 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (15) Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant, for AOT Growth and Innovation ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.15 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (16) [Intentionally Omitted]
     
  (17) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

C-13

 

 

  (18) Index Licensing Agreement between Empowered Funds, LLC and Solactive AG, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.18 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (19) Index License Agreement between Strive Asset Management, LLC and Solactive AG, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.19 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (20) Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant, for the Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.20 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 192 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (21) Master Index Services License Agreement between Empowered Funds, LLC and Bloomberg Index Services Limited on behalf of the Strive 1000 Growth ETF, Strive 1000 Value ETF, Strive 2000 ETF, Strive 1000 Dividend Growth ETF and Strive FAANG 2.0 ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.21 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (22) Master Index Services License Agreement between Strive Asset Management, LLC and Bloomberg Index Services Limited on behalf of the Strive 1000 Growth ETF, Strive 1000 Value ETF, Strive 2000 ETF, Strive 1000 Dividend Growth ETF and Strive FAANG 2.0 ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.22 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (23) Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant, for the Alpha Architect Tail Risk ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC – previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.23 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 191 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 10, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (24) Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant, for the Alpha Architect 1-3 Month Box ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.24 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 193 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (25) Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant, for the Alpha Architect Value Momentum Trend ETF, and Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.25 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 212 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 30, 2023, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(i) Legal Opinions.

 

  (1) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF, ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF, MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF previously filed as Exhibit 99.i with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (2) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for Alpha Architect Value Momentum Trend ETF previously filed as Exhibit 99.i. with Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s registration statement on April 26, 2017, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (3) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for Freedom 100 Emerging Markets ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.3 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 17, 2019, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-14

 

 

  (4) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for Merlyn.AI Bull-Rider Bear-Fighter ETF and Merlyn.AI Tactical Growth and Income ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.4 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 15, 2019, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (5) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for Gadsden Dynamic Multi-Asset ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.5 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 2, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (6) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for Merlyn.AI Best-of-Breed Core Momentum ETF and Merlyn.AI SectorSurfer Momentum ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.6 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 23, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (7) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for UPHOLDINGS Compound Kings ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.7 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 23, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (8) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for Freedom Day Dividend ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.8 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 3, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (9) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (10) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for Sparkline Intangible Value ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.1.10 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 23, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (11) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for Viridi Cleaner Energy Crypto-Mining & Semiconductor ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.11 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registrant’s registration statement on July 20, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (12) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (13) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Discipline Fund ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.13 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 15, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (14) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Guru Favorite Stocks ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.14 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 14, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (15) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Generation Z ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.15 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 13, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (16) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (17) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the ROC ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.17 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (18) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.18 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 120 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 13, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (19) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

C-15

 

 

  (20) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Argent Mid Cap ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.20 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (21) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the AOT Growth and Innovation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.21 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (22) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (23) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the EA Bridgeway Blue Chip ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.23 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 11, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (24) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Strive U.S. Energy ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.24 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (25) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Alpha Architect 1-3 Month Box ETF previously filed as Exhibit 99.h.24 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 193 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (26) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Altrius Global Dividend ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.25 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (27) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Burney U.S. Factor Rotation ETF - previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.27 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 180 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (28) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.28 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 192 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (29) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Alpha Architect Tail Risk ETF – previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.29 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 191 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 10, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (30) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Strive 1000 Growth ETF, Strive 1000 Value ETF, Strive 2000 ETF and Strive 1000 Dividend Growth ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.30 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (31) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the EA Bridgeway Omni Small-Cap Value ETF – previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.31 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 199 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 19, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (32) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Strive 500 ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.32 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (33) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Strive U.S. Semiconductor ETF and Strive U.S. Technology ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.i.33 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 179 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 3, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-16

 

 

(34) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Strive FAANG 2.0 ETF - To be filed by amendment.

 

(35) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Euclidean Fundamental Value ETF - To be filed by amendment.

 

(36) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Bridges Capital Tactical Equity ETF - To be filed by amendment.

 

  (37) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Strive Emerging Markets Ex-China ETF, previously filed as Exhibit 99.1(38) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 205 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 9, 2023, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (38) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the MKAM ETF - To be filed by amendment.
     
  (39) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Strive Developed Markets ETF – To be filed by amendment.
     
  (40) Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Morgan Dempsey Large Cap Value ETF – To be filed by amendment.
     
  (41)

Opinion and Consent of Counsel for the Strive Total Return Bond ETF and Strive Enhanced Income Short Maturity ETF – To be filed by amendment.

 

(j) Consent to reference Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – To be filed by amendment.

 

(k) Omitted Financial Statements.

 

Not Applicable.

 

(l) Initial Capital Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 99.l with Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 28, 2016, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(m) Rule 12b-1 Plan.

 

  (1) Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1, previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.1 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (2) Form of Amended and Restated Schedule I to Distribution Plan, previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.2 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 19, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (3) Amended and Restated Schedule I to Distribution Plan, previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.3 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (4) Amended and Restated Schedule I to Distribution Plan, previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.4 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 120 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 13, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (5) Amended and Restated Schedule I to Distribution Plan, previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.5 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (6) Amended and Restated Schedule I to Distribution Plan, previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.6 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-17

 

 

  (7) Amended and Restated Schedule I to Distribution Plan, previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.7 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 188 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (8) Amended and Restated Schedule I to Distribution Plan, previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.8 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 192 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (9) Amended and Restated Schedule I to Distribution Plan previously filed as Exhibit 99.m.9 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 205 to the Registrant’s registration statement on January 9, 2023, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

(n) Rule 18f-3 Plan.

 

Not Applicable.

 

(o) Reserved.

 

(p) Code of Ethics.

 

  (1) Code of Ethics of the Registrant, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.1 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (2) Code of Ethics of Empowered Funds, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.2 with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 17, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (3) Code of Ethics of Gadsden, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.4 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 12, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (4) Code of Ethics of Upholdings Group LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.4 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 14, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (5) Code of Ethics of Freedom Day Solutions, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.5 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 3, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (6) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (7) Code of Ethics of Sparkline Capital LP, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.7 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 23, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (8) Code of Ethics of New Gen Minting, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.8 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registrant’s registration statement on July 20, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (9) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (10) Code of Ethics of Orcam Financial Group, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.10 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 15, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (11) Code of Ethics of GuruFocus Investments, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.11 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 14, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-18

 

 

  (12) Code of Ethics of Alkali Fintech LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.12 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 13, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (13) [Intentionally Omitted]

 

  (14) Code of Ethics of ROC Investments, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.14 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s registration statement on March 18, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (15) Code of Ethics of Relative Sentiment Technologies, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.15 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 120 to the Registrant’s registration statement on May 13, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (16) [Intentionally Omitted].

 

  (17) Code of Ethics of Argent Capital Management LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.17 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 15, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (18) Code of Ethics of AOT Invest, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.18 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registrant’s registration statement on June 22, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (19) Code of Ethics of Bridgeway Capital Management, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.19 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 11, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

  (20) Code of Ethics of Strive Asset Management, LLC, previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.20 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registrant’s registration statement on August 4, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (21) Code of Ethics of Arin Risk Advisors, LLC – previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.21 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 191 to the Registrant’s registration statement on November 10, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (22) Code of Ethics of Altrius Capital Management, Inc., previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.22 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s registration statement on September 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (23) Code of Ethics of The Burney Company – previously filed as Exhibit 99.p.23 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 180 to the Registrant’s registration statement on October 7, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
     
  (24) Code of Ethics of Euclidean Technologies Management, LLC - To be filed by amendment.
     
  (25) Code of Ethics of Bridges Capital, LLC – To be filed by amendment.
     
  (26)

Code of Ethics of MKAM ETF LLC – To be filed by amendment.

     
  (27) Code of Ethics of Morgan Dempsey Capital Management LLC – To be filed by amendment.

 

(q) Other

 

  (1) Power of Attorney, previously filed as Exhibit 99.q.1 with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 1, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

 

C-19

 

 

Item 29. Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with the Registrant:

 

None.

 

Item 30. Indemnification:

 

Under the terms of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (“DSTA”) and the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”), no officer or trustee of the Registrant shall have any liability to the Registrant, its shareholders, or any other party for damages, except to the extent such limitation of liability is precluded by Delaware law, the Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws of the Registrant.

 

Subject to the standards and restrictions set forth in the Declaration of Trust, DSTA, Section 3817, permits a statutory trust to indemnify and hold harmless any trustee, beneficial owner or other person from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever. DSTA, Section 3803 protects trustees, officers, managers and other employees, when acting in such capacity, from liability to any person other than the Registrant or beneficial owner for any act, omission or obligation of the Registrant or any trustee thereof, except as otherwise provided in the Declaration of Trust.

 

The Declaration of Trust provides that any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or other agent, including the underwriter, of such Trust shall be liable to the Trust and its shareholders only for (1) any act or omission that constitutes a bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing, or (2) the person’s own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person (such conduct referred to herein as Disqualifying Conduct) and for nothing else. Except in these instances and to the fullest extent that limitations of liability of agents are permitted by the DSTA, these Agents (as defined in the Declaration of Trust) shall not be responsible or liable for any act or omission of any other Agent of the Trust or any investment adviser or principal underwriter. Moreover, except and to the extent provided in these instances, none of these Agents, when acting in their respective capacity as such, shall be personally liable to any other person, other than such Trust or its shareholders, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust or any trustee thereof.

 

The Trust shall indemnify, out of its property, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, any of the persons who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding (as defined in the Declaration of Trust) because the person is or was an Agent of such Trust. These persons shall be indemnified against any Expenses (as defined in the Declaration of Trust), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the Proceeding if the person acted in good faith or, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not in itself create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person’s conduct was unlawful. There shall nonetheless be no indemnification for a person’s own Disqualifying Conduct.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with securities being registered, the Registrant may be required, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, to submit to a court or appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

C-20

 

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser:

 

This Item incorporates by reference each investment adviser’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (“Form ADV”) on file with the SEC, as listed below. Each Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Additional information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by each officer and director of the below-listed investment advisers is included in the Trust’s Statement of Additional Information.

 

  Investment Adviser   SEC File No.
       
  Empowered Funds, LLC   801-79835
       
  Gadsden, LLC   801-112416
       
  Upholdings Group LLC   801-119773
       
  Freedom Day Solutions, LLC   801-66190
       
  Sparkline Capital LP   801-121161
       
  New Gen Minting, LLC d/b/a Viridi Funds   801-121199
       
  Orcam Financial Group, LLC   801-121561
       
  Alkali Fintech LLC   801-122374
       
  ROC Investments, LLC   801-122743
       
  GuruFocus Investments, LLC   801-122727
       
  Relative Sentiment Technologies, LLC   801-123211
       
  Argent Capital Management LLC   801-55903
       
  AOT Invest LLC   801-124742
       
  Bridgeway Capital Management, LLC   801-44394
       
  Strive Asset Management, LLC   801-125907
       
  Arin Risk Advisors, LLC   801-70598
       
  Altrius Capital Management, Inc.   801-63153
       
  The Burney Company   801-10232
       
  Euclidean Technologies Management, LLC   801-72806
       
  Bridges Capital, LLC   801-127316
       
 

Morgan Dempsey Capital Management, LLC

 

801-48064

 

C-21

 

 

Item 32. Quasar Distributors, LLC

 

Item 32(a) Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

1. American Trust Allegiance Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
2. Capital Advisors Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
3. Chase Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
4. Davidson Multi Cap Equity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
5. Edgar Lomax Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
6. First Sentier American Listed Infrastructure Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
7. First Sentier Global Listed Infrastructure Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
8. Fort Pitt Capital Total Return Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
9. Huber Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
10. Huber Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
11. Huber Select Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
12. Huber Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
13. Logan Capital Broad Innovative Growth ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
14. O’Shaughnessy Market Leaders Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
15. PIA BBB Bond Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
16. PIA High Yield Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
17. PIA High Yield (MACS) Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
18. PIA MBS Bond Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
19. PIA Short-Term Securities Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
20. Poplar Forest Cornerstone Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
21. Poplar Forest Partners Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
22. Pzena Emerging Markets Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
23. Pzena International Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
24. Pzena International Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
25. Pzena Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
26. Pzena Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
27. Reverb ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
28. Scharf Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
29. Scharf Global Opportunity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
30. Scharf Multi-Asset Opportunity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
31. Semper MBS Total Return Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
32. Semper Short Duration Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
33. Shenkman Capital Floating Rate High Income Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
34. Shenkman Capital Short Duration High Income Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
35. VegTech Plant-based Innovation & Climate ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
36. The Aegis Funds
37. Allied Asset Advisors Funds
38. Angel Oak Funds Trust
39. Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund
40. Barrett Opportunity Fund, Inc.
41. Bridges Investment Fund, Inc.
42. Brookfield Investment Funds
43. Buffalo Funds
44. Cushing®Mutual Funds Trust
45. DoubleLine Funds Trust
46. EA Series Trust (f/k/a Alpha Architect ETF Trust)
47. Ecofin Tax-Advantaged Social Impact Fund, Inc.
48. AAM Bahl & Gaynor Small/Mid Cap Income Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
49. AAM Low Duration Preferred and Income Securities ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
50. AAM S&P 500 Emerging Markets High Dividend Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

 

C-22

 

 

51. AAM S&P 500 High Dividend Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
52. AAM S&P Developed Markets High Dividend Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
53. AAM Transformers ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
54. AlphaMark Actively Managed Small Cap ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
55. Aptus Collared Income Opportunity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
56. Aptus Defined Risk ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
57. Aptus Drawdown Managed Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
58. Aptus Enhanced Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
59. Blue Horizon BNE ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
60. BTD Capital Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
61. Carbon Strategy ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
62. ClearShares OCIO ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
63. ClearShares Piton Intermediate Fixed Income Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
64. ClearShares Ultra-Short Maturity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
65. Distillate International Fundamental Stability & Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
66. Distillate Small/Mid Cash Flow ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
67. Distillate U.S. Fundamental Stability & Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
68. ETFB Green SRI REITs ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
69. Hoya Capital High Dividend Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
70. Hoya Capital Housing ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
71. iBET Sports Betting & Gaming ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
72. International Drawdown Managed Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
73. LHA Market State Alpha Seeker ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
74. LHA Market State Tactical Beta ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
75. LHA Market State Tactical Q ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
76. Loncar Cancer Immunotherapy ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
77. Loncar China BioPharma ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
78. McElhenny Sheffield Managed Risk ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
79. Nationwide Dow Jones® Risk-Managed Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
80. Nationwide Nasdaq-100 Risk-Managed Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
81. Nationwide Russell 2000® Risk-Managed Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
82. Nationwide S&P 500® Risk-Managed Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
83. NETLease Corporate Real Estate ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
84. Opus Small Cap Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
85. PSYK ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
86. Roundhill Acquirers Deep Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
87. The Acquirers Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
88. U.S. Global GO GOLD and Precious Metal Miners ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
89. U.S. Global JETS ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
90. U.S. Global Sea to Sky Cargo ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
91. US Vegan Climate ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
92. First American Funds, Inc.
93. FundX Investment Trust
94. The Glenmede Fund, Inc.
95. The Glenmede Portfolios
96. The GoodHaven Funds Trust
97. Greenspring Fund, Incorporated
98. Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc.
99. Hennessy Funds Trust
100. Horizon Funds
101. Hotchkis & Wiley Funds
102. Intrepid Capital Management Funds Trust
103. Jacob Funds Inc.
104. The Jensen Quality Growth Fund Inc.
105. Kirr, Marbach Partners Funds, Inc.

 

C-23

 

 

106. Core Alternative ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
107. Wahed Dow Jones Islamic World ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
108. Wahed FTSE USA Shariah ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
109. LKCM Funds
110. LoCorr Investment Trust
111. MainGate Trust
112. ATAC Rotation Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
113. Cove Street Capital Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
114. Ecofin Global Energy Transition Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
115. Ecofin Global Renewables Infrastructure Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
116. Ecofin Global Water ESG Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
117. Ecofin Sustainable Water Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
118. Great Lakes Disciplined Equity Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
119. Great Lakes Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
120. Great Lakes Small Cap Opportunity Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
121. Jackson Square Large-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
122. Jackson Square SMID-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
123. Kensington Active Advantage Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
124. Kensington Dynamic Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
125. Kensington Managed Income Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
126. LK Balanced Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
127. Muhlenkamp Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
128. Nuance Concentrated Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
129. Nuance Concentrated Value Long Short Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
130. Nuance Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
131. Port Street Quality Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
132. Principal Street High Income Municipal Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
133. Principal Street Short Term Municipal Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
134. Reinhart Genesis PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
135. Reinhart International PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
136. Reinhart Mid Cap PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
137. Tortoise MLP & Energy Income Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
138. Tortoise MLP & Pipeline Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
139. Tortoise North American Pipeline Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
140. V-Shares MSCI World ESG Materiality and Carbon Transition ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
141. V-Shares US Leadership Diversity ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
142. Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
143. Hood River International Opportunity Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
144. Hood River Small-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
145. Mar Vista Strategic Growth Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
146. Vert Global Sustainable Real Estate Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
147. Matrix Advisors Funds Trust
148. Matrix Advisors Value Fund, Inc.
149. Monetta Trust
150. Nicholas Equity Income Fund, Inc.
151. Nicholas Fund, Inc.
152. Nicholas II, Inc.
153. Nicholas Limited Edition, Inc.
154. Permanent Portfolio Family of Funds
155. Perritt Funds, Inc.
156. Procure ETF Trust II
157. Professionally Managed Portfolios
158. Prospector Funds, Inc.
159. Provident Mutual Funds, Inc.
160. Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.

 

C-24

 

 

161. Abbey Capital Multi-Asset Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
162. Adara Smaller Companies Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
163. Aquarius International Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
164. Boston Partners All Cap Value Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
165. Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
166. Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
167. Boston Partners Global Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
168. Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
169. Boston Partners Global Sustainability Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
170. Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
171. Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
172. Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
173. Campbell Systematic Macro Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
174. Motley Fool 100 Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
175. Motley Fool Capital Efficiency 100 Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
176. Motley Fool Global Opportunities ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
177. Motley Fool Mid-Cap Growth ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
178. Motley Fool Next Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
179. Motley Fool Small-Cap Growth ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
180. Optima Strategic Credit Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
181. SGI Global Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
182. SGI Peak Growth Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
183. SGI Prudent Growth Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
184. SGI Small Cap Core Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
185. SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
186. SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
187. US Treasury 10 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
188. US Treasury 2 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
189. US Treasury 3 Month Bill ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
190. WPG Partners Select Small Cap Value Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
191. WPG Partners Small/Micro Cap Value Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
192. The RBB Fund Trust
193. RBC Funds Trust
194. Series Portfolios Trust
195. Thompson IM Funds, Inc.
196. TrimTabs ETF Trust
197. Trust for Advised Portfolios
198. Barrett Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
199. Bright Rock Mid Cap Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
200. Bright Rock Quality Large Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
201. CrossingBridge Low Duration High Yield Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
202. CrossingBridge Responsible Credit Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
203. CrossingBridge Ultra-Short Duration Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
204. Dearborn Partners Rising Dividend Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
205. Jensen Global Quality Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
206. Jensen Quality Value Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
207. Rockefeller Climate Solutions Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
208. Terra Firma US Concentrated Realty Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
209. USQ Core Real Estate Fund
210. Wall Street EWM Funds Trust
211. Wisconsin Capital Funds, Inc.

 

C-25

 

 

Item 32(b) The following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is 111 E. Kilbourn Ave., Suite 2200, Milwaukee, WI 53202.

 

Name   Address   Position with Underwriter   Position with Registrant
Teresa Cowan   111 E. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, WI 53202   President/Manager   None
             

Chris Lanza

 

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101

 

Vice President

 

None

             
Kate Macchia   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101   Vice President   None
             
Susan L. LaFond   111 E. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, WI 53202   Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer and Treasurer   None
             
Jennifer A. Brunner   111 E. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, WI 53202   Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer   None
             
Kelly B. Whetstone   Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101   Secretary   None

 

Item 32(c) Not applicable.

 

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records:

 

Information regarding the books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act, and the rules promulgated thereunder, are provided in the Registrant’s most recent report on Form N-CEN.

 

Item 34. Management Services:

 

None.

 

Item 35. Undertakings:

 

None.

 

C-26

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Trust has duly caused this Amendment to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-195493) to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Havertown, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on this 14th day of February, 2023.

 

EA SERIES TRUST  
   
By:  /s/ John R. Vogel  
John R. Vogel  
Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer  

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Wesley R. Gray   Trustee and President   February 14, 2023
Wesley R. Gray*        
         
/s/ John R. Vogel   Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer   February 14, 2023
John R. Vogel*        
         
/s/ Patrick Cleary   Secretary   February 14, 2023
Patrick Cleary*        
         
/s/ Daniel Dorn   Trustee   February 14, 2023
Daniel Dorn*        
         
/s/ Michael Pagano   Trustee   February 14, 2023
Michael Pagano*        
         
/s/ Emeka Oguh   Trustee   February 14, 2023
Emeka Oguh*        

 

*By:  /s/ John R. Vogel  
  John R. Vogel  
  Attorney-in-Fact
  *(Pursuant to Power of Attorney previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registrant’s registration statement on December 1, 2021)

 

C-27