EX-3.1 2 tm2229811d1_ex3-1.htm EXHIBIT 3.1

Exhibit 3.1

BYLAWS OF

ENVIVA INC.

Incorporated under the Laws of the State of Delaware

Article I
OFFICES AND RECORDS

Section 1.1.           Registered Office. The registered office and agent of Enviva Inc. (the “Corporation”) in the State of Delaware shall be fixed in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as it may be amended from time to time, including by any preferred stock designation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”). The registered office and registered agent of the Corporation may be changed from time to time by the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board”) in the manner provided by applicable law.

Section 1.2.           Other Offices. The Corporation may have such other offices, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board may designate or as the business of the Corporation may from time to time require.

Section 1.3.            Books and Records. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may from time to time be designated by the Board.

Article II
STOCKHOLDERS

Section 2.1.            Annual Meeting. If required by applicable law, an annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation shall be held at such date, time, and place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be fixed by resolution of the Board. Any proper business may be transacted at the annual meeting. The Board may postpone, reschedule, or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board.

Section 2.2.            Special Meetings. Except as otherwise required by law and subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred stock of the Corporation (“Preferred Stock”), special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by the Chairman of the Board or the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board. Subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock and the preceding proviso, the stockholders of the Corporation do not have the power to call a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation. The Board may postpone, reschedule, or cancel any special meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board.

Section 2.3.           Record Date.

(a)            In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall, unless otherwise required by applicable law, not be greater than 60 nor fewer than ten days before the date of such meeting. If the Board so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, unless the Board determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting.

(b)            In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion, or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be greater than 60 days prior to such action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.

(c)            Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, in order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board. If no record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting is fixed by the Board, (i) when no prior action of the Board is required by applicable law, the record date for such purpose shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in accordance with applicable law, and (ii) if prior action by the Board is required by applicable law, the record date for such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

Section 2.4.            Stockholder List. The Corporation shall prepare, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting of stockholders (provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is fewer than ten days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the 10th day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order for each class or series of stock and showing the address of each such stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of such stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either on a reasonably accessible electronic network (provided that the information required to gain access to the list is provided with the notice of the meeting) or during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list required by this Section 2.4 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

Section 2.5.            Place of Meeting. The Board, the Chairman of the Board, or the Chief Executive Officer, as the case may be, may designate the place of meeting for any annual meeting or for any special meeting of stockholders. If no designation is so made, the place of meeting shall be the principal executive offices of the Corporation. The Board, acting in its sole discretion, may establish guidelines and procedures in accordance with applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) and any other applicable law for the participation by stockholders and proxyholders in a meeting of stockholders by means of remote communications, and may determine that any meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place but shall be held solely by means of remote communication. Stockholders and proxyholders complying with such procedures and guidelines and otherwise entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be deemed present in person and entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication.

Section 2.6.            Notice of Meeting. Written or printed notice, stating the place, if any, day, and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given not fewer than ten days nor greater than 60 days before the date of the meeting, in a manner pursuant to Section 7.7 of these Bylaws, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify (a) the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting), (b) the place, if any, date, and time of such meeting, (c) the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, (d) in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is called, and (e) such other information as may be required by applicable law or as may be deemed appropriate by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Secretary of the Corporation. If the stockholder list referred to in Section 2.4 of these Bylaws is made accessible on an electronic network, the notice of meeting must indicate how the stockholder list can be accessed. If the meeting of stockholders is to be held solely by means of electronic communications, the notice of meeting must provide the information required to access such stockholder list during the meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail with postage thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his/her address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the Corporation. The Corporation may provide stockholders with notice of a meeting by electronic transmission provided such stockholders have consented to receiving electronic notice in accordance with the DGCL. Such further notice shall be given as may be required by applicable law. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the notice of meeting. An affidavit that notice has been given, executed by the Secretary of the Corporation, Assistant Secretary, or any transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the notice in the absence of fraud. Notice shall be deemed to have been given to all stockholders who share an address if notice is given in accordance with the “householding” rules set forth in Rule 14a-3(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 233 of the DGCL. Meetings may be held without notice if all stockholders entitled to vote are present, or if notice is waived by those not present in accordance with Section 7.4 of these Bylaws.

Section 2.7.            Quorum and Adjournment of Meetings.

(a)            Except as otherwise provided by applicable law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of stock voting as a class, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of such business. For the avoidance of doubt, abstentions (that are marked as such) and broker non-votes shall be treated as present for purposes of determining the presence or absence of quorum. Only the person presiding over the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time, whether or not there is such a quorum. The stockholders present at a duly called meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.

(b)            Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided, however, that if the adjournment is for greater than 30 days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting.

Section 2.8.            Proxies. At all meetings of stockholders, a stockholder may vote by proxy executed in writing (or in such other manner prescribed by the DGCL) by the stockholder or by his/her duly authorized attorney-in-fact. Any copy, facsimile or electronic transmission, or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission created pursuant to this Section 2.8 may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or electronic transmission, or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission. No proxy may be voted or acted upon after the expiration of three years from the date of such proxy, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. Every proxy is revocable at the pleasure of the stockholder executing it unless the proxy states that it is irrevocable and such irrevocability is permitted by applicable law. A stockholder may revoke any proxy that is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by filing an instrument in writing revoking the proxy or by filing another duly executed proxy bearing a later date with the Secretary of the Corporation.

Section 2.9.            Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.

(a)            Annual Meetings of Stockholders.

(i)            Nominations of persons for election to the Board and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders at an annual meeting of stockholders may be made only (A) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (B) by or at the direction of the Board or any committee thereof, subject to the obligations of the Corporation set forth in any stockholders agreement between the Corporation and any stockholder that may be in effect from time to time (as amended or supplemented in accordance with their terms, the “Stockholders Agreement”), or (C) by any stockholder of the Corporation who (1) was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in these Bylaws and at the time of the annual meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (3) complies with the notice procedures and other requirements set forth in these Bylaws and applicable law as to such business or nomination. For the avoidance of doubt, Section 2.9(a)(i)(C) of these Bylaws shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than matters properly brought under and in compliance with the requirements of these Bylaws and Rule 14a-8 or Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act, as applicable, and included in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, proxy statement, and proxy card pursuant thereto) before an annual meeting of stockholders.

(ii)           For any nominations or any other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Section 2.9(a)(i)(C) of these Bylaws, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation, and in the case of business other than nominations, such business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation by registered mail at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day and not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting (which anniversary, in the case of the first annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the transaction by which the Corporation converted from a limited partnership into a corporation under the laws of the state of Delaware (the “Conversion”), shall be deemed to be June 15, 2023); provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is greater than 30 days before or greater than 60 days after such anniversary date, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year (other than with respect to the Corporation’s first annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Conversion, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 150th day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 120th day prior to such annual meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is fewer than 100 days prior to the date of such annual meeting, the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall any adjournment, postponement, or recess of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice in this Section 2.9(a)(ii). To be in proper form, a stockholder’s notice (whether given pursuant to this Section 2.9(a)(ii) or Section 2.9(b) of these Bylaws) to the Secretary of the Corporation must:

(A)            set forth, as to the stockholder giving the notice and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), (1) the name and address of such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of such Stockholder Associated Person, if any, (2) (I) the class or series and number of shares of stock or other securities of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person as of the date of the notice, (II) any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of stock of the Corporation or otherwise (a “Derivative Instrument”), directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, and any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation held by such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, in each case, as of the date of the notice, (III) a description of any agreement, proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person has a right to vote any shares of any security of the Corporation or among such stockholder, Stockholder Associated Person and any other person that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of Exchange Act Schedule 13D (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable), (IV) any short interest in any security of the Corporation (for purposes of these Bylaws a person shall be deemed to have a “short interest” in a security if such person directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the value of the subject security) by such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, (V) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (VI) any proportionate interest in shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner and (VII) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person is entitled to be based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice, including any such interests held by members of such stockholder’s or Stockholder Associated Person’s immediate family sharing the same household (which information, in each case, shall be supplemented by such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person not later than 10 calendar days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such information as of the record date), (3) any other information relating to such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, if any, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal or for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (4) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to bring such nomination or other business before the meeting, (5) a representation as to whether such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group that intends to (I) deliver a proxy statement or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the voting power of the Corporation’s outstanding stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or to elect each such nominee, or (II) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination, and (6) a representation as to whether such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group that intends to solicit proxies in support of any proposed nominee other than the Corporation’s nominees, and if any such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person intends to solicit such proxies, a statement containing the additional information required under Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act. If requested by the Corporation, the information required under clauses (A)(1) and (A)(2) of the preceding sentence of this Section 2.9(a)(ii) shall be supplemented by such stockholder and any such Stockholder Associated Person not later than five days after the record date for notice of the meeting to disclose such information as of such record date. If a stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group that intends to solicit proxies in support of any proposed nominee other than the Corporation’s nominees, such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five business days prior to the meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act with respect to such nominees.

(B)            if the notice relates to any business other than a nomination of a director or directors that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, set forth (1) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws of the Corporation, the language of the proposed amendment), the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting, and any material interest of such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, if any, in such business, and (2) a description of all agreements, arrangements, and understandings between such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, if any, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder;

(C)            set forth, as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection to the Board (1) all information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named in the Corporation’s proxy statement as a nominee and to serving a full term as a director if elected), (2) such person’s written consent to serving as a director, if elected, for the full term for which such person is standing for election, and (3) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements, and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, and each proposed nominee, and his/her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Rule 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K if the stockholder making the nomination and any Stockholder Associated Person on whose behalf the nomination is made, if any, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and

(D)            with respect to each nominee for election or reelection to the Board, include a completed and signed questionnaire, representation, and agreement required by Section 2.9(a)(iv) of these Bylaws and such other information that the Corporation may reasonably request or that is necessary to permit the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such person to serve as a director of the Corporation, including information relevant to a determination whether such person can be considered an independent director.

(iii)            Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of Section 2.9(a)(ii) of these Bylaws to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by these Bylaws shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

(iv)            To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation, a proposed nominee must deliver (in accordance with the method, means and time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under Section 2.9(a)(ii) of these Bylaws and applicable law) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (A) a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire the proposed nominee shall request in writing from the Secretary with at least 7 days’ prior notice); (B) a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (1) is not and shall not become a party to (I) any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether written or oral) with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, shall act or vote in such capacity on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, or (II) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (2) is not and shall not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether written or oral) with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement, or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director of the Corporation that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, (3) in such person’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and shall comply with all applicable law and all applicable rules of the U.S. exchanges upon which the Common Stock of the Corporation is listed and all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, and stock ownership and trading policies and other guidelines of the Corporation, (4) in such person’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, intends to serve a full term if elected as a director of the Corporation, and (5) shall provide facts, statements, and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders that are or shall be true and correct in all material respects and do not and shall not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and (C) a written director agreement (which agreement shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request and shall include such person’s agreement to abide by all policies applicable to directors of the Corporation, including a requirement to preserve and maintain the confidentiality of the Corporation’s material non-public information).

(v)            For purposes of this Section 2.9(a), “Stockholder Associated Person” of any stockholder shall mean (A) any person acting in concert with such stockholder, (B) any other beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder (other than a stockholder that is a depositary), and (C) if any such stockholder or beneficial owner is an entity, each director, executive, managing member, or control person of such entity, where “control person” includes any person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such stockholder or such beneficial owner.

(b)            Special Meetings of Stockholders.

Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to a notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board or any committee thereof, subject to the obligations of the Corporation set forth in the Stockholders Agreement, or (ii) provided that the Board has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who (A) is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in these Bylaws and at the time of the special meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (C) complies with the notice procedures and other requirements set forth in these Bylaws. In the event a special meeting of stockholders is called for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by Section 2.9(a)(ii) of these Bylaws with respect to any nomination (including the completed and signed questionnaire, representation, and agreement required by Section 2.9(a)(iv) of these Bylaws) shall be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting is fewer than 100 days prior to the date of such special meeting, the 10th day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, postponement, or recess of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(i)            Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws and the Stockholders Agreement shall be eligible to serve as directors, and only such other business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws and applicable law. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the person presiding over the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any other business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with these Bylaws, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be disregarded. For the avoidance of doubt, unless otherwise required by law or otherwise determined by the Chairman of the Board, the Board or the person presiding over the meeting, if the stockholder does not provide the information required under Section 2.9 of these Bylaws to the Corporation within the time frames specified herein, or if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or other business, such nomination shall be disregarded, and such other business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. Unless otherwise required by law, if any stockholder (i) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) of the Exchange Act and (ii) subsequently fails to comply with any requirements of Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act or any other rules or regulations thereunder, then the Corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for such nominees and such nominations shall be disregarded.

(ii)            For purposes of these Bylaws, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by Dow Jones News Service, the Associated Press, or any other national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(iii)           Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of these Bylaws, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in these Bylaws; provided, however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to Sections 2.9(a) or 2.9(b) of these Bylaws or the Stockholders Agreement. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights (A) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, (B) of stockholders to include the names of persons validly nominated pursuant to Sections 2.9(a) or 2.9(b) of these Bylaws for election as a director of the Corporation in the Corporation’s proxy card in compliance with the applicable requirements of Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act, (C) of the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock if and to the extent provided for under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, or (D) set forth in the Stockholders Agreement.

(iv)           The Corporation may require any proposed stockholder nominee for director to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation. Unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) making a nomination or proposal under this Section 2.9 does not appear at a meeting of stockholders to present such nomination or proposal, the nomination shall be disregarded and the proposed business shall not be transacted, as the case may be, notwithstanding that proxies in favor thereof may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 2.9, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager, or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.

(v)            Any stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person directly or indirectly soliciting proxies for the election of directors must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for exclusive use by the Board.

Section 2.10.          Conduct of Business. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The Board may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board, the person presiding over any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations, and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding person, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations, or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the presiding person of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (b) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (c) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the presiding person of the meeting shall determine; (d) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; (e) restrictions on the use of any audio or video recording devices at the meeting; (f) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (g) regulations for the opening and closing of the polls for balloting and matters which are to be voted on by ballot (if any); and (h) procedures (if any) requiring attendees to provide the Corporation advance notice of their intent to attend the meeting. The presiding person at any meeting of stockholders, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if such presiding person should so determine, such presiding person shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board or the person presiding over the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

Section 2.11.          Required Vote. Except as otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, each holder of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to one vote for each share of such stock held of record by such holder that has voting power upon the subject matter in question. Subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances, at any meeting at which directors are to be elected, so long as a quorum is present, the directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes validly cast in such election. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, cumulative voting for the election of directors shall be prohibited. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the rules and regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, in all matters other than the election of directors and certain non-binding advisory votes described below, the affirmative vote of a majority in voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the matter shall be the act of the stockholders. In non-binding advisory matters with more than two possible vote choices, the matter shall be deemed the recommendation of the stockholders if it has received a plurality of the votes.

Section 2.12.          Treasury Stock. The Corporation shall not vote, directly or indirectly, shares of its own stock owned by it or any other corporation, if a majority of shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such corporation is held, directly or indirectly by the Corporation, and such shares shall not be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or such other corporation, to vote stock of the Corporation held in a fiduciary capacity.

Section 2.13.          Inspectors of Elections; Opening and Closing the Polls. At any stockholder meeting, the Board by resolution may, and when required by applicable law, shall, appoint one or more inspectors, which inspector or inspectors may include individuals who serve the Corporation in other capacities, including as officers, employees, agents, or representatives, to act at the meetings of stockholders and make a written report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed to act or is able to act at a meeting of stockholders and the appointment of an inspector is required by applicable law, the person presiding over the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his/her duties, shall take and sign an oath to faithfully execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his/her ability. The inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by applicable law.

Section 2.14.          Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock with respect to such class or series of Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be taken at a duly held annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be taken by any consent in writing of such stockholders.

Article III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 3.1.            General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board elected in accordance with these Bylaws. In addition to the powers and authorities by these Bylaws expressly conferred upon them, the Board may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. The directors shall act only as a Board, and the individual directors shall have no power as such.

Section 3.2.            Number, Tenure and Qualifications. Subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances and the Stockholders Agreement, the number of directors shall be fixed from time to time exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, provided that the number of directors of the Corporation shall not exceed thirteen (13). The election and term of directors shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 3.3.            Regular Meetings. Subject to Section 3.5 of these Bylaws, regular meetings of the Board shall be held on such dates, and at such times and places, as are determined from time to time by resolution of the Board.

Section 3.4.            Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board shall be called at the request of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or a majority of the Board then in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board may fix the place, if any, date, and time of the meetings. Any business may be conducted at a special meeting of the Board.

Section 3.5.            Notice. Notice of any meeting of directors shall be given to each director at his/her business or residence in writing by hand delivery, first-class or overnight mail, courier service, facsimile or electronic transmission, or orally by telephone. If mailed by first-class mail, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered when deposited in the United States mail so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid, at least five days before such meeting. If by overnight mail or courier service, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered when the notice is delivered to the overnight mail or courier service company at least 48 hours before such meeting. If by facsimile or electronic transmission, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered when the notice is transmitted at least 48 hours before such meeting. If by telephone or by hand delivery, the notice shall be given at least 48 hours prior to the time set for the meeting and shall be confirmed by facsimile or electronic transmission that is sent promptly thereafter. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board need be specified in the notice of such meeting, except for amendments to these Bylaws, as provided under Section 8.1 of these Bylaws. A meeting may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or if those not present waive notice of the meeting in accordance with Section 7.4 of these Bylaws.

Section 3.6.            Action by Consent of Board. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, including by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote at a meeting, and may be stated as such in any document or instrument filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

Section 3.7.            Conference Telephone Meetings. Members of the Board or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board or such committee by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting, except where such person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 3.8.            Quorum. Subject to Section 3.9 of these Bylaws, a whole number of directors equal to at least a majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but if at any meeting of the Board there shall be less than a quorum present, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice unless (a) the date, time and place, if any, of the adjourned meeting are not announced at the time of adjournment, in which case notice conforming to the requirements of Section 3.5 of these Bylaws shall be given to each director, or (b) the meeting is adjourned for more than 24 hours, in which case the notice referred to in clause (a) shall be given to those directors not present at the announcement of the date, time, and place of the adjourned meeting. The act of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board. The directors present at a duly organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough directors to leave less than a quorum.

Section 3.9.            Vacancies. Subject to applicable law, the rights of holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock and the Stockholders Agreement, any newly created directorship that results from an increase in the number of directors or any vacancy on the Board that results from the death, disability, resignation, disqualification or removal of any director or from any other cause shall be filled in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 3.10.          Removal. Except for such additional directors, if any, as are elected by the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock as provided for or fixed pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), and unless otherwise restricted by law, any director, or the entire Board, may be removed, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon.

Section 3.11.          Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall be chosen by the directors from among the directors. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall perform all duties incidental to his/her office that may be required by law and all such other duties as are properly required of him/her by the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall make reports to the Board and the stockholders and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board and of any committee thereof are carried into effect. The Chairman of the Board may also serve as Chief Executive Officer, if so elected by the Board.

Section 3.12.          Records. The Board shall cause to be kept a record containing the minutes of the proceedings of the meetings of the Board and of the stockholders, appropriate stock books and registers, and such books of records and accounts as may be necessary for the proper conduct of the business of the Corporation.

Section 3.13.          Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board shall have authority to fix the compensation of directors, including fees and reimbursement of expenses. The Corporation shall cause each non-employee director serving on the Board to be reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by him/her in connection with such service.

Section 3.14.          Regulations. To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, and these Bylaws, the Board may adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings of the Board and for the management of the affairs and business of the Corporation as the Board may deem appropriate.

Article IV
COMMITTEES

Section 4.1.            Designation; Powers. The Board may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation, subject to the obligations of the Corporation set forth in the Stockholders Agreement. Any such committee, to the extent permitted by applicable law and to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation.

Section 4.2.            Procedure; Meetings; Quorum. Any committee designated pursuant to Section 4.1 of these Bylaws shall choose its own chairman by a majority vote of the members then in attendance in the event the chairman has not been selected by the Board, shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report the same to the Board when requested, and shall meet at such times and at such place or places as may be provided by the charter of such committee or by resolution of such committee or resolution of the Board. At every meeting of any such committee, the presence of fifty percent of all the members thereof shall constitute a quorum and the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present shall be necessary for the adoption by it of any resolution. The Board shall adopt a charter for each committee for which a charter is required by applicable laws, regulations, or stock exchange rules, may adopt a charter for any other committee, and may adopt other rules and regulations for the governance of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these Bylaws or any such charter, and each committee may adopt its own rules and regulations of governance, to the extent not inconsistent with these Bylaws or any charter, or other rules and regulations adopted by the Board.

Section 4.3.            Substitution of Members. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of the absent or disqualified member.

Article V
OFFICERS

Section 5.1.            Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and such other officers as the Board from time to time may deem proper. All officers elected by the Board shall each have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the specific provisions of this Article V. Such officers shall also have such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board or by any committee thereof. The Board or any committee thereof may from time to time elect, or the Chief Executive Officer may appoint, such other officers (including one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, and Assistant Treasurers) and such agents, as may be necessary or desirable for the conduct of the business of the Corporation. Such other officers and agents shall have such duties and shall hold their offices for such terms as shall be provided in these Bylaws or as may be prescribed by the Board or such committee thereof or by the Chief Executive Officer, as the case may be.

Section 5.2.            Election and Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected or appointed from time to time by the Board. Each officer shall hold office until such officer’s successor shall have been duly elected or appointed and shall have qualified or until such officer’s death or until such officer shall resign, but any officer may be removed from office at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board or, except in the case of an officer or agent elected by the Board, by the Chief Executive Officer. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights, if any, of the person so removed. No elected officer shall have any contractual rights against the Corporation for compensation by virtue of such election beyond the date of the election of his/her successor or his/her death, resignation, or removal, whichever event shall first occur, except as otherwise provided in an employment contract or under an employee deferred compensation plan.

Section 5.3.            Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall act as the general manager and, subject to the control of the Board, to have general supervision, direction, and control of the business and affairs of the Corporation. If the Chief Executive Officer is also a member of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer shall, in the absence of or because of the inability to act of the Chairman of the Board, perform all duties of the Chairman of the Board and preside at all meetings of stockholders and of the Board. The Chief Executive Officer shall have the authority to sign, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, checks, orders, contracts, leases, notes, drafts, and all other documents and instruments in connection with the business of the Corporation.

Section 5.4.            Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall act in an executive financial capacity. The Chief Financial Officer shall assist the Chief Executive Officer in the general supervision of the Corporation’s financial policies and affairs.

Section 5.5.            President. The President, if any, shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to him/her by the Board.

Section 5.6.            Senior Vice Presidents and Vice Presidents. Each Senior Vice President and Vice President, if any, shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to him/her by the Board.

Section 5.7.            Treasurer. The Treasurer, if any, shall exercise general supervision over the receipt, custody, and disbursement of corporate funds. The Treasurer shall cause the funds of the Corporation to be deposited in such banks as may be authorized by the Board, or in such banks as may be designated as depositaries in the manner provided by resolution of the Board. The Treasurer shall have such further powers and duties and shall be subject to such directions as may be granted or imposed upon him/her from time to time by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, or the Chief Executive Officer.

Section 5.8.            Secretary. The Secretary shall (a) keep or cause to be kept in one or more books provided for that purpose, the minutes of all meetings of the Board, the committees of the Board and the stockholders, (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws and as required by applicable law, (c) be custodian of the records and the seal of the Corporation and affix and attest the seal to all stock certificates of the Corporation (unless the seal of the Corporation on such certificates shall be a facsimile or electronic transmission, as hereinafter provided) and affix and attest the seal to all other documents to be executed on behalf of the Corporation under its seal, (d) see that the books, reports, statements, certificates, and other documents and records required by law to be kept and filed are properly kept and filed, and in general, (e) perform all the duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to the Secretary by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, or the Chief Executive Officer.

Section 5.9.            Vacancies. A newly created elected office and a vacancy in any elected office because of death, resignation, or removal may be filled by the Board or any committee thereof for the unexpired portion of the term at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof. Any vacancy in an office appointed by the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer because of death, resignation, or removal may be filled by the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer.

Section 5.10.            Action with Respect to Securities of Other Corporations. Unless otherwise directed by the Board, the Chief Executive Officer shall have power to vote and otherwise act on behalf of the Corporation, in person or by proxy, at any meeting of security holders of or with respect to any action of security holders of any other corporation or entity in which the Corporation may hold securities and otherwise to exercise any and all rights and powers that the Corporation may possess by reason of its ownership of securities in such other corporation.

Article VI
STOCK CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFERS

Section 6.1.            Uncertificated Shares and Transfers. The shares of the Corporation shall be uncertificated, provided that (a) the Corporation shall be permitted to issue a nominal number of certificates to securities depositories and (b) the Board may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of the Corporation’s stock shall be represented by certificates. The shares of the stock of the Corporation shall be transferred on the books of the Corporation, which may be maintained by a third party registrar or transfer agent, by the holder thereof in person or by his/her attorney, upon surrender for cancellation of certificates for at least the same number of shares, with an assignment and power of transfer endorsed thereon or attached thereto, duly executed, with such proof of the authenticity of the signature as the Corporation or its agents may reasonably require or upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered holder of uncertificated shares and upon compliance with appropriate procedures for transferring shares in uncertificated form.

Each certificated share of stock shall be signed, countersigned, and registered in such manner as the Board may by resolution prescribe, which resolution may permit all or any of the signatures on such certificates to be in facsimile or electronic transmission. In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile or electronic signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 6.2.            Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. If at any time shares of the Corporation’s stock are represented by certificates, no certificate for shares or uncertificated shares of stock in the Corporation shall be issued in place of any certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed, or stolen, except on production of such evidence of such loss, destruction, or theft and on delivery to the Corporation of a bond of indemnity in such amount, upon such terms and secured by such surety, as the Board or any financial officer may in its or his/her discretion require.

Section 6.3.            Ownership of Shares. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock of the Corporation as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware.

Section 6.4.            Regulations Regarding Certificates. If at any time shares of the Corporation’s stock are represented by certificates, the Board shall have the power and authority to make all such rules and regulations as they may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer, and registration or the replacement of such certificates. The Corporation may enter into additional agreements with stockholders to restrict the transfer of stock of the Corporation in any manner not prohibited by the DGCL.

Article VII
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 7.1.           Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin on the first day of January and end on the thirty-first day of December of each year unless otherwise determined by the Board.

Section 7.2.            Dividends. Except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board may from time to time declare, and the Corporation may pay, dividends on its outstanding shares of stock, which dividends may be paid in cash, stock of the Corporation, or other property. A member of the Board, or a member of any committee designated by the Board, shall be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Corporation and upon such information, opinions, reports, or statements presented to the Corporation by any of its officers or employees, or committees of the Board, or by any other person as to matters the director reasonably believes are within such other person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation, as to the value and amount of the assets, liabilities, or net profits of the Corporation, or any other facts pertinent to the existence and amount of surplus or other funds from which dividends might properly be declared and paid.

Section 7.3.            Seal. The seal of the Corporation shall be in such form as the Board may adopt.

Section 7.4.            Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given to any stockholder or director of the Corporation under the provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, including by electronic transmission, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual or special meeting of stockholders or the Board or committee thereof need be specified in any waiver of notice of such meeting. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 7.5.            Resignations. Any director or any officer, whether elected or appointed, may resign at any time by giving written notice, including by electronic transmission, of such resignation to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or the Secretary, and such resignation shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the date said notice is received by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or the Secretary, or at such earlier or later time as is specified therein. No formal action shall be required of the Board or the stockholders to make any such resignation effective.

Section 7.6.            Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses.

(a)            The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (a “proceeding”) by reason of the fact that such person, or a person for whom such person is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, trustee, or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise, or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (a “Covered Person”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, trustee, or agent, or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee, trustee, or agent, against all liability, loss, and reasonable expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties, and amounts paid in settlement) incurred or suffered by such Covered Person in connection with such proceeding.

(b)            The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, pay the reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by a Covered Person in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that to the extent required by applicable law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the Covered Person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal that the Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section 7.6 or otherwise.

(c)            The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses under this Section 7.6 shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to a Covered Person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee, trustee, or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his/her heirs, executors and administrators. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.6, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses, the Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to a Covered Person in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Covered Person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board.

(d)            If a claim for indemnification under this Section 7.6 (following the final disposition of such proceeding) is not paid in full within 60 days after the Corporation has received a claim therefor by the Covered Person, or if a claim for any advancement of expenses under this Section 7.6 is not paid in full within thirty days after the Corporation has received a statement or statements requesting such amounts to be advanced, the Covered Person shall thereupon (but not before) be entitled to file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim. If successful in whole or in part, the Covered Person shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. In any suit brought by the Covered Person to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Section 7.6 or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.

(e)            The rights conferred on any Covered Person by this Section 7.6 shall not be exclusive of any other rights that such Covered Person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, any agreement or vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.

(f)            This Section 7.6 shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than Covered Persons when and as authorized by appropriate corporate action.

(g)            Any Covered Person entitled to indemnification and/or advancement of expenses, in each case pursuant to this Section 7.6, may have certain rights to indemnification, advancement and/or insurance provided by one or more persons with whom or which such Covered Person may be associated. Further, (i) the Corporation shall be the indemnitor of first resort with respect to any proceeding, expense, liability or matter that is the subject of this Section 7.6, (ii) the Corporation shall be primarily liable for all such obligations and any indemnification afforded to a Covered Person in respect of a proceeding, expense, liability or matter that is the subject of this Section 7.6, whether created by law, organizational, or constituent documents, contract or otherwise, (iii) any obligation of any persons with whom or which a Covered Person may be associated to indemnify such Covered Person and/or advance expenses or liabilities to such Covered Person in respect of any proceeding shall be secondary to the obligations of the Corporation pursuant to this Section 7.6, (iv) the Corporation shall indemnify each Covered Person and advance expenses to each Covered Person hereunder to the fullest extent provided herein without regard to any rights such Covered Person may have against any other person with whom or which such Covered Person may be associated or insurer of any such person, and (v) the Corporation irrevocably waives, relinquishes and releases any other person with whom or which a Covered Person may be associated from any claim of contribution, subrogation, or any other recovery of any kind in respect of amounts paid by the Corporation hereunder.

Section 7.7.            Notices. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein or required by applicable law, all notices required to be given to any stockholder, director, officer, employee, trustee, or agent shall be in writing and may in every instance be effectively given by hand delivery to the recipient thereof, by depositing such notice in the mails, postage paid, or by sending such notice by commercial courier service, or by facsimile or other electronic transmission, provided that notice to stockholders by electronic transmission shall be given in the manner provided in Section 232 of the DGCL. Any such notice shall be addressed to such stockholder, director, officer, employee, trustee, or agent at his/her last known address as the same appears on the books of the Corporation. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively, notice to any stockholder shall be deemed given: (a) if by facsimile, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (b) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (c) if by posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (i) such posting and (ii) the giving of such separate notice; (d) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder; and (e) if by mail, when deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.

Section 7.8.            Facsimile and Electronic Signatures. In addition to the provisions for use of facsimile or electronic signatures elsewhere specifically authorized in these Bylaws, facsimile or electronic signatures of any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used whenever and as authorized by the Board or a committee thereof.

Section 7.9.            Time Periods. In applying any provision of these Bylaws that require that an act be done or not done a specified number of days prior to an event or that an act be done during a period of a specified number of days prior to an event, calendar days shall be used, the day of the doing of the act shall be excluded, and the day of the event shall be included.

Section 7.10.          Reliance Upon Books, Reports and Records. Each director, each member of any committee designated by the Board, and each officer of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his/her duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Corporation and upon information, opinions, reports, or statements presented to the Corporation by any of the Corporation’s officers or employees, or committees designated by the Board, or by any other person as to the matters the member reasonably believes are within such other person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation.

Section 7.11.          Severability. Whenever possible, each provision or portion of any provision of these Bylaws shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision or portion of any provision of these Bylaws is held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such provision or portion of any provision shall be severable and the invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision or portion of any provision in such jurisdiction, and these Bylaws shall be reformed, construed, and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provision or portion of any provision had never been contained herein.

Section 7.12.          Forum for Adjudication of Disputes. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee, trustee, or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the Corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, or (d) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in each such case subject to said Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the federal securities laws of the United States. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 7.12.

Article VIII
AMENDMENTS

Section 8.1.            Amendments. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws may be amended, altered, or repealed (a) by the Board by resolution adopted by a majority of the directors present at any regular or special meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present if, in the case of such special meeting only, notice of such amendment, alteration, or repeal is contained in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting or (b) by the stockholders at any regular or special meeting of stockholders upon the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the voting power of the shares of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon if, in the case of such special meeting only, notice of such amendment, alteration, or repeal is contained in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. No Bylaws hereafter made or adopted, nor any repeal of or amendment thereto, shall invalidate any prior act of the Board that was valid at the time it was taken.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no amendment, alteration, or repeal of Section 7.6 of these Bylaws shall adversely affect any right or protection existing under these Bylaws immediately prior to such amendment, alteration, or repeal, including any right or protection of a present or former director, officer, or employee thereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such amendment.

Effective Date: November 2, 2022