Equity Incentive Plans

As of December 31, 2019, a total of 870,850 common shares are authorized for issuance with respect to awards granted under the 2015 Plan (not including shares subject to terminated awards under our Second Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan that become available for issuance under the 2015 Plan). In addition, the share limit will automatically increase on the first trading day in January of each calendar year during the term of the 2015 Plan by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 10% of the total number of common shares issued and outstanding on December 31 of the immediately preceding calendar year, or (ii) such number of common shares as may be established by the Board. The 2015 Plan authorizes the board of directors to grant stock and options awards to directors, employees and consultants. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately 195,868 share-based awards available for future grant.

The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) authorizes the purchase of up to 37,500 common shares by employees under the plan. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no offering periods available to employees.

Stock Options

Options typically vest over a three-year period from the original grant date. The exercise price of each award is based on the market price of the Company’s common shares at the date of grant. Option awards can be granted for a maximum term of up to ten years. Option activity is summarized below:



	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at January 1, 2018	23,536		$	251.20
Granted	—		$	—
Exercised	—		$	—
Forfeited	(3,486	)	$	132.23
Options outstanding at December 31, 2018	20,050		$	199.06
Granted	—		$	—
Exercised	—		$	—
Forfeited	(17,450	)	$	160.93
Options outstanding at December 31, 2019	2,600		$	781.19	3.5	$	—
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2019	2,600		$	781.19	3.5	$	—
Exercisable at December 31, 2019	2,600		$	781.19	3.5	$	—

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes information about RSU activity:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding — January 1, 2018	125,969		$	39.12
Granted	50		$	20.00
Vested and released	(71,579	)	$	50.88
Forfeited	(1,436	)	$	77.80
Outstanding — December 31, 2018	53,004		$	31.21
Granted	100,000		$	2.51
Vested and released	(131,541	)	$	9.68
Forfeited	(665	)	$	64.95
Outstanding — December 31, 2019	20,798		$	4.99

The estimated fair value of RSUs was based on the market value of the Company’s common shares on the date of grant. RSUs typically vest over a three-year period from the original date of grant. The total grant date fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $1.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

Outside of 2015 Equity Incentive Plan

On March 26, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved and granted 100,000 RSUs outside of the 2015 Plan to an employee. The RSUs have an estimated fair value of $2.51 per unit and fully vested in 2019.

Restricted Stock Awards

During 2019 and 2018, the Company granted restricted stock awards (“RSA”) to certain employees, directors and consultants in lieu of cash payment for services performed. The estimated fair value of the RSAs was based on the market value of the Company’s common shares on the date of grant. The RSAs were fully vested on the date of grant. The fair value of the RSAs vested during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $0.2 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes information about RSA activity:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding — January 1, 2018	—		$	—
Granted	340,942		$	6.33
Vested	(340,942	)	$	6.33
Outstanding — December 31, 2018	—		$	—
Granted	194,000		$	1.20
Vested	(194,000	)	$	1.20
Outstanding — December 31, 2019	—		$	—

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recorded the following compensation expense related to its share-based compensation awards, including amounts related to discontinued operations (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Cost of sales	$	—	$	47
Sales and marketing	279		310
Research and development	61		210
General and administrative	297		1,070
Total share-based compensation expense	$	637	$	1,637

As of December 31, 2019, there was a total of $5,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested equity-based compensation awards. The expense associated with non-vested restricted stock units and options awards granted as of December 31, 2019 is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of one month.