b)	Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiary in which it has a majority voting interest. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. The entities included in these consolidated financial statements are as follows:

QPAGOS – Parent Company

Qpagos Corporation – 100% owned

Qpagos, S.A. P.I de C.V., a Mexican entity (99.996% owned)

Redpag Electrónicos, S.A. P.I. de C.V., a Mexican entity (99.990% owned)

Use of Estimates

d)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, which are evaluated on an ongoing basis, that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates and judgments. In particular, significant estimates and judgments include those related to: the estimated useful lives for plant and equipment, the fair value of warrants and stock options granted for services or compensation, estimates of the probability and potential magnitude of contingent liabilities, derivative liabilities, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets due to continuing operating losses, those related to revenue recognition and the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the consolidated financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from our estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

f)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company adopted the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

Level 2-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other then quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, other assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and notes payable, approximate fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity for these instruments. The Company did not identify any other assets or liabilities that are required to be presented on the balance sheets at fair value in accordance with the accounting guidance.

ASC 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

h)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016 – 01 “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities “intended to improve the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The ASU affects public and private companies, not-for-profit organizations, and employee benefit plans that hold financial assets or owe financial liabilities. The new guidance makes targeted improvements to existing GAAP by: Requiring equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; Requiring public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; Requiring separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; Eliminating the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for organizations that are not public business entities; Eliminating the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet, and; Requiring a reporting organization to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk (also referred to as “own credit”) when the organization has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. The ASU on recognition and measurement will take effect for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For private companies, not-for-profit organizations, and employee benefit plans, the standard becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The ASU permits early adoption of the own credit provision (referenced above). Additionally, it permits early adoption of the provision that exempts private companies and not-for-profit organizations from having to disclose fair value information about financial instruments measured at amortized cost. This updated guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

In February 2016, the FASB (FASB) issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016 – 02, “Leases” intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. The ASU affects all companies and other organizations that lease assets such as real estate, office equipment and manufacturing equipment. The ASU will require organizations that lease assets—referred to as “lessees”—to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP—which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet—the new ASU will require both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. The ASU also will require disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements, providing additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. The accounting by organizations that own the assets leased by the lessee—also known as lessor accounting—will remain largely unchanged from current GAAP. However, the ASU contains some targeted improvements that are intended to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and with the updated revenue recognition guidance issued in 2014. The ASU on leases will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. For all other organizations, the ASU on leases will take effect for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. This updated guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016 – 09 “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” which is intended to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The ASU affects all organizations that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. The ASU, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including; the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and the classification on the statement of cash flows. The ASU simplifies two areas specific to private companies, with regards to the expected term and intrinsic value measurements. The ASU simplifies the following areas to private and public companies; (a) tax benefits and tax deficiencies with regards to the differences between book and tax deductions, (b) changes in the excess tax benefits classification in the statement of cash flows, (c) make an entity wide accounting policy election for accrual of vested awards verses individual awards, (d) changes in the amount qualifying as an equity award classification subject to statutory tax withholdings, (e) clarification in the classification of shares withheld for statutory tax withholdings on the statement of cash flows. For public companies, the amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. For private companies, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for any organization in any interim or annual period. This updated guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

In April 2016, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016 – 10 “Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606): identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing “. The amendments in this Update do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. Rather, the amendments in this Update clarify the following two aspects of Topic 606: identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, while retaining the related principles for those areas. Topic 606 includes implementation guidance on (a) contracts with customers to transfer goods and services in exchange for consideration and (b) determining whether an entity’s promise to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use the entity’s intellectual property (which is satisfied at a point in time) or a right to access the entity’s intellectual property (which is satisfied over time). The amendments in this Update are intended render more detailed implementation guidance with the expectation to reduce the degree of judgement necessary to comply with Topic 606. The amendments in this Update affect the guidance in Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which is not yet effective. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this Update are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Topic 606 (and any other Topic amended by Update 2014-09). Accounting Standards Update 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, defers the effective date of Update 2014-09 by one year. Management is currently evaluating the impact this updated guidance will have on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." ASU 2016-13 will replace the current incurred loss approach with an expected loss model for instruments measured at amortized cost and require entities to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount under the current other-than-temporary impairment model. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-13 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-15 will have on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2016-16, "Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory." ASU 2016-16 requires immediate recognition of income tax consequences of intercompany asset transfers, other than inventory transfers. Existing GAAP prohibits recognition of income tax consequences of intercompany asset transfers whereby the seller defers any net tax effect and the buyer is prohibited from recognizing a deferred tax asset on the difference between the newly created tax basis of the asset in its tax jurisdiction and its financial statement carrying amount as reported in the consolidated financial statements. ASU 2016-16 specifically excludes from its scope intercompany inventory transfers whereby the recognition of tax consequences will take place when the inventory is sold to third parties. ASU 2016-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period for which financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-16 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2016-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. Upon the effective date of Update 2015-02, a single decision maker of a variable interest entity (VIE) is required to consider indirect economic interests in the entity held through related parties on a proportionate basis when determining whether it is the primary beneficiary of that VIE unless the single decision maker and its related parties are under common control. If a single decision maker and its related parties are under common control, the single decision maker is required to consider indirect interests in the entity held through those related parties to be the equivalent of direct interests in their entirety. The Board is issuing this Update to amend the consolidation guidance on how a reporting entity that is the single decision maker of a VIE should treat indirect interests in the entity held through related parties that are under common control with the reporting entity when determining whether it is the primary beneficiary of that VIE. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the reporting entity that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE and, therefore, consolidates the VIE. A reporting entity has an indirect interest in a VIE if it has a direct interest in a related party that, in turn, has a direct interest in the VIE. As part of a separate initiative, the Board will consider whether other changes to the consolidation guidance for common control arrangements are necessary. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2016-18, Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. Entities classify transfers between cash and restricted cash as operating, investing, or financing activities, or as a combination of those activities, in the statement of cash flows.] The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that have restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents and are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230. The amendments in this Update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this Update do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this Update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-18 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2016-19, Technical Corrections and Improvements. Several topics are amended:

1.

The amendment to Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software, adds a reference to guidance to use when accounting for internal-use software licensed from third parties that is within the scope of Subtopic 350-40. The transition guidance for that amendment is the same as the transition guidance in Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement, to which the amendment relates. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.

2.

The amendment to Subtopic 360-20, Property, Plant, and Equipment— Real Estate Sales, corrects the guidance to include the final decision of the EITF that loans insured under the Federal Housing Administration and the Veterans Administration do not have to be fully insured by those government-insured programs to recognize profit using the full accrual method. The transition guidance for that amendment must be applied prospectively because it could potentially involve the use of hindsight that includes fair value measurements. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.

3.

The amendment to Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, clarifies the difference between a valuation approach and a valuation technique when applying the guidance in that Topic. That amendment also requires an entity to disclose when there has been a change in either or both a valuation approach and/or a valuation technique. The transition guidance for the amendment must be applied prospectively because it could potentially involve the use of hindsight that includes fair value measurements. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.

4.

The amendment to Subtopic 405-40, Liabilities—Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements, which clarifies that for an amount of an obligation under an arrangement to be considered fixed at the reporting date, the amount that must be fixed is not the amount that is the entity’s portion of the obligation but, rather, is the obligation in its entirety. The transition guidance for that amendment must be applied prospectively because it could potentially involve the use of hindsight that includes fair value measurements. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.

5.

The amendment to Subtopic 860-20, Transfers and Servicing—Sales of Financial Assets, aligns implementation guidance in paragraph 860-20- 55-41 with its corresponding guidance in paragraph 860-20-25-11. That amendment clarifies the considerations that should be included in an analysis to determine whether a transferor once again has effective control over transferred financial assets. The transition guidance for that amendment must be applied prospectively because it could potentially involve the use of hindsight that includes fair value measurements. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.

6.

The amendment to Subtopic 860-50, Transfers and Servicing—Servicing Assets and Liabilities, adds guidance that existed in AICPA Statement of 5 Position 01-6, Accounting by Certain Entities (Including Entities with Trade Receivables) That Lend to or Finance the Activities of Others, on the accounting for the sale of servicing rights when the transferor retains loans that was omitted from the Accounting Standards Codification. The transition guidance for the amendment must be applied prospectively because it could potentially involve the use of hindsight that includes fair value measurements. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2016-20, an amendment to Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU addressed several areas related to contracts with customers. This topic is not yet effective and will become effective with Topic 606. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-20 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2017-02, an amendment to Topic 805, Business Combinations. The amendments in this Update clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments in this Update affect all reporting entities that must determine whether they have acquired or sold a business. The amendments in this Update provide a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. The amendments in this Update apply to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. No disclosures are required at transition. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2017-04, an amendment to Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, an entity no longer will determine goodwill impairment by calculating the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Because these amendments eliminate Step 3 2 from the goodwill impairment test, they should reduce the cost and complexity of evaluating goodwill for impairment. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a prospective basis. The amendments in this Update are effective for Goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2017-04 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2017-05, an amendment to Subtopic 610-20, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets The amendments in this Update are required for public business entities and other entities that have goodwill reported in their financial statements, under the amendments in this Update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The amendments in this Update modify the concept of impairment from the condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value to the condition that exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. An entity no longer will determine goodwill impairment by calculating the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a prospective basis. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2017-05 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Any new accounting standards, not disclosed above, that have been issued or proposed by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

j)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, the Company had no cash equivalents.

The Company minimizes credit risk associated with cash by periodically evaluating the credit quality of its primary financial institution in the United States. The balance at times may exceed federally insured limits. At December 31, 2016, the balance did not exceed the federally insured limit. At December 31, 2015, the Company had cash balances in the United States, which exceeded the federally insured limits by $531,238.

Cost Method Investments

l)

Cost Method Investments

Investee companies not accounted for under the consolidation or the equity method are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Under this method, the Company’s share of earnings or losses of such investee companies is not included in the consolidated balance sheet or statement of operations and comprehensive loss. However, impairment charges are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. If circumstances suggest that the value of the investee company has subsequently recovered, such recovery is not recorded. There is no impairment of investment at December 31, 2016.

Advances received from customers

n)

Advances received from customers

Other than the sale of kiosks to customers, the provision of services through our kiosks is conducted on a cash basis. Customers are required to deposit cash with the Company to meet anticipated demand for services provided through kiosks either owned or operated by them. The services provided through the customer owned or operated kiosks are deducted from the deposits held on their behalf, the Company requires that these deposits be replenished as and when the services are provided.

Intangibles

p)

Intangibles

All of our intangible assets are subject to amortization. We evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets periodically by taking into account events or circumstances that may warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate the asset may be impaired. Where intangibles are deemed to be impaired we recognize an impairment loss measured as the difference between the estimated fair value of the intangible and its book value.

i) License Agreements

License agreements acquired by the Company are reported at acquisition value less accumulated amortization and impairments.

ii) Amortization

Amortization is reported in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the intangible assets, unless the useful life is indefinite. Amortizable intangible assets are amortized from the date that they are available for use. The estimated useful life of the license agreement is five years which is the expected period for which we expect to derive a benefit from the underlying license agreements.

Revenue Recognition

r)

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue recognition policy is consistent with the requirements of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605, Revenue Recognition (ASC 605). In general, the Company records revenue when it is realized, or realizable and earned. The Company considers revenue to be realized, or realizable and earned when, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the products or services have been approved by the customer after delivery and/or installation acceptance or performance of services; the sales price is fixed or determinable within the contract; and collectability is reasonably assured.

The Company has the following sources of revenue which is recognized on the basis described below.

r)

Revenue Recognition (continued)

•

Revenue from the sale of services.

Prepaid services are acquired from providers and is sold to end-users through kiosks that the company owns or kiosks that are owned by third parties. We recognize the revenue on the sale of these services when the end-user deposits funds into the terminal and the prepaid service is delivered to the end-user. The revenue is recognized at the gross value, including margin, of the prepaid service to the Company, net of any value-added tax which is collected on behalf of the Mexican Revenue Authorities.

•

Payment processing provided to end-users

The Company provides a secure means for end-users to pay for certain services, such as utilities through our kiosks. The Company earns either a fixed per-transaction fee or a fixed percentage of the service sold. The Company acts as a collection agent and recognizes the payment processing fee, net of any value-added taxes collected on behalf of the Mexican Revenue Authorities, when the funds are deposited into the kiosk and the customer has settled his liability or has acquired a prepaid service.

•

Revenue from the sale of kiosks.

The Company imports, assembles and sell kiosks that are used to generate the revenues discussed above. Revenue is recognized on the full value of the kiosks sold, net of any valued added taxation collected on behalf of the Mexican Revenue Authorities, when the customer takes delivery of the kiosk and all the risks and rewards of ownership are passed to the customer.

The Company does not enter into any leasing of kiosks arrangements with customers and we do not generate any revenues from merchants who access our terminals as yet.

Derivative Liabilities

t)

Derivative Liabilities

ASC 815 generally provides three criteria that, if met, require companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments. These three criteria include circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re- measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument subject to the requirements of ASC 815. ASC 815 also provides an exception to this rule when the host instrument is deemed to be conventional, as described.

Comprehensive income

v)

Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a company during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from owners and distributions to owners. For the Company, comprehensive income for the periods presented includes translation adjustment and net loss.