RETIREMENT PLANS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

RETIREMENT PLANS

RETIREMENT PLANS

We sponsor various defined contribution plans. Participation in these plans is available to substantially all employees. A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will generally have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which services are rendered by employees. We recognized expense of $8.2 million, $7.6 million and $6.8 million related to matching contributions under our various defined contribution plans during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Canadian Retirement Savings Plan

We offer a defined contribution retirement plan to our Canadian employees. In Canada, we contribute, on a matched basis, an amount up to 5% of each Canadian based, salaried employee’s earnings (base salary plus annual incentive compensation) to the legislated maximum for a Deferred Profit Sharing Plan (DPSP). The maximum for 2022 was C$15,390. DPSP is a form of defined contribution retirement savings plan governed by Canadian federal tax legislation which provides for the deferral of tax on deposits and investment returns until removed from the plan to support retirement income. Employer contributions vest upon the completion of two years of service. Employee contributions are required in order to be eligible for the DPSP employer matching. Maximum employer matching (5% noted above) is attained with 6% employee contribution which would go into a Group Registered Retirement Savings Plan. The two plans work in tandem. Contributions to the “Retirement Savings Plan” for Canadian employees are subject to the annual maximum total registered savings limit of C$29,210 in 2022 as set out in the Canadian Tax Act.

Australian Retirement Savings Plan

Our Australian subsidiary contributes to various defined contribution plans for its employees in accordance with legislation governing the calculation of the Superannuation Guarantee Surcharge (SGC). SGC is contributed by the employer at a rate of 10.5% of the base salary of an employee, capped at the legislated maximum contribution base which is indexed annually.

Our Australian subsidiary makes no investment decisions on behalf of the employee and has no obligations other than to remit the defined contributions to the plan selected by each individual employee.

U.S. Retirement Savings Plan

We offer a defined contribution 401(k) retirement plan to substantially all of our U.S. employees. Participants may contribute from 1% to 75% of their base and cash incentive compensation (subject to Internal Revenue Service limitations), and we make matching contributions under this plan on the first 6% of the participant’s compensation (100% match of the first 4% employee contribution and 50% match on the next 2% contribution). Our matching contributions vest at a rate of 40% after two years of service and 20% per year for each of the employee’s next three years of service and are fully vested thereafter.