UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from to
Commission File Number 000-55055
Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc.
Formerly Known As
Hoverink International Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant specified in its charter)
Delaware |
46-3590875 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
c/o Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc.
1801 Century Park East.,
24th Floor
Los Angeles, California 90067
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (866) 443-4666
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of Each Class |
Name of Exchange on which Registered |
|
Common |
None |
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer |
☐ |
Accelerated filer |
☐ |
|
Non-accelerated filer |
☐ |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Smaller reporting company |
☑ |
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Emerging growth company |
☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the most recent price at which the common equity was sold: $
As of December 31, 2016 there were 13,872,000 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “plan”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential” or “continue”, the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. In evaluating these statements, you should consider various factors, including the assumptions, risks and uncertainties outlined in this annual report. Any of these items may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement made in this annual report. Forward-looking statements in this annual report include, among others, statements regarding our capital needs, business plans and expectations.
While these forward-looking statements, and any assumptions upon which they are based, are made in good faith and reflect our current judgment regarding future events, our actual results will likely vary, sometimes materially, from any estimates, predictions, projections, assumptions or other future performance suggested herein. Some of the risks and assumptions include:
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.our need for additional financing;, |
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our limited operating history; |
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our history of operating losses; |
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our lack of insurance coverage; |
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the competitive environment in which we operate; |
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changes in governmental regulation and administrative practices; |
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our dependence on key personnel; |
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conflicts of interest of our directors and officers; |
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our ability to fully implement our business plan; |
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our ability to effectively manage our growth; and |
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other regulatory, legislative and judicial developments. |
We advise the reader that these cautionary remarks expressly qualify in their entirety all forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf. The forward-looking statements in this annual report are made as of the date of this annual report and we do not intend or undertake to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results, except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc. . files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You may read and copy documents referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that have been filed with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You can also obtain copies of our SEC filings by going to the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
REFERENCES
As used in this annual report: (i) the terms “we”, “us”, “our” and the “Company” mean Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc. .; (ii) “SEC” refers to the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) “Securities Act” refers to the United States Securities Act of 1933 , as amended; (iv) “Exchange Act” refers to the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , as amended; and (v) all dollar amounts refer to United States dollars unless otherwise indicated.
FORM 10-K
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I | |
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS |
11 |
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
34 |
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY |
34 |
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
34 |
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
34 |
PART II |
|
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
34 |
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
34 |
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
35 |
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK |
37 |
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
37 |
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES |
37 |
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION |
38 |
PART III |
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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
38 |
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
39 |
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
39 |
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
40 |
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES |
40 |
PART IV |
|
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
40 |
PART I
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Our Strategy
Our mission is to improve the lives of patients who suffer from rare diseases for which there are limited or no available treatments, with an initial therapeutic focus on Cirrhosis ascites, patients suffering from AIDS, Cancer and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy and neuropathy. Rare disorders like Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites are associated with the liver, many of which have severe or even fatal consequences for patients, and collectively represent a significant unmet medical need. Our product candidate LADAVRU® focuses on Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy; our goals consist of primarily serving readily identifiable patient populations suffering from Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapy drugs designed to disrupt the DNA of, and eventually destroy, targeted cancer cells. They are the most effective anticancer drugs developed and are used to treat a range of cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, and breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers. The nature of these diseases permits us to leverage highly predictive preclinical models and well-described, and often clinically validated, biomarkers to shorten time to clinical proof of concept.
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We must timely collaborate or in- and out-license opportunities. We intend to collaborate or in- and out-license LADAVRU® to biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies for preclinical and clinical development and commercialization. We may initiate the clinical development of our lead product candidate, LADAVRU® for the treatment of AIDS, various other Cancers and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy and neuropathy; |
• seek to obtain regulatory approvals for LADAVRU®
• prepare for the clinical trials and potential commercialization of LADAVRU®
• create manufacturing processes and quantities to prepare for clinical trials and the commercialization of LADAVRU® for any indications for which we receive regulatory approval;
• establish outsourcing of the commercial manufacturing of LADAVRU® for any indications for which we may receive regulatory approval;
• establish an infrastructure for the sales, marketing and distribution of LADAVRU® for any indications for which we may receive regulatory approval;
• continue preclinical development of our product candidate LADAVRU® for the treatment of pain;
• expand our research and development activities and advance the discovery and development programs for other product candidates, including novel combination solutions comprised of our own amplifiers, correctors and potentiators;
• maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio;
• continue our research and development efforts and seek to discover additional product candidates; and
• add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our clinical development and commercialization efforts and operations as a public company.
Our Development Programs
The following table summarizes our Pre-Clinical development of LADAVRU®.
Product Candidate |
Primary Indication |
Status |
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LADAVRU® |
Cancer |
• Pre-Clinical |
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Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites |
• Pre-Clinical |
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Relapsed Or Refractory AML |
• Pre-Clinical |
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HIV- AIDS / Chronic Pain |
• Pre-Clinical |
We hold all commercial rights to LADAVRU® in all geographies
Corporate Information
On September 8th, 2017, “Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation, (the “ Company ”), with the approval of its board of directors and shareholders owning a majority of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares by written consent in lieu of a meeting, filed a Certificate of Change (the “ Certificate of Change ”) with the Secretary of State of Delaware.
As a result of the Certificate of Change, the Company will be changing its name to “Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc.” , effective as of September 11, 2017.
In February 2015, the Company implemented a change of control by issuing shares to new shareholders, redeeming shares of existing shareholders, electing new officers and directors and accepting the resignations of its then existing officers and directors. In connection with the change of control, the shareholders of the Company and its board of directors unanimously approved the change of the Company’s name from Sky Run Acquisition Corporation to Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc. Prior to this the company was a shell as defined in Rule 405. The company ceased being a shell as of Feb 15th 2016.
We were incorporated in Delaware in July 2013 as Skyrun Acquistion Corporation. Our principal executive offices are located at 1801 Century Park E., 24th Floor Los Angeles, California 90067:866-443-4666. Our website address is https://hoverinkbiotech.yolasite.com/ We do not incorporate the information on or accessible through our website into this prospectus, and you should not consider any information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this prospectus.
This prospectus contains references to our trademarks and to trademarks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus, including logos, artwork, and other visual displays, may appear without the ® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies. Except where the context requires otherwise, in this prospectus “Company,” “Hoverink,” “HRBH” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to “Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc.”
Our Drug Candidate
About LADAVRU
LADAVRU is a proprietary opioid alternative which is deliverable as an IV injectable, OR solid preparation containing; Citric Acid, Mannitol and Dronabinol, a cannabinoid designated chemically as (6aR-trans)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9- trimethyl-3-pentyl-6Hdibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol or a salt thereof in the solid preparation an active ingredient, 1) Mannitol and (1) an alkaline earth metal salt selected from magnesium aluminometasilicate and calcium silicate. A method of stabilizing the active ingredient, including adding an alkaline earth metal salt selected from magnesium aluminometasilicate and calcium silicate. (2) Citric Acid, Mannitol and Dronabinol, a cannabinoid designated chemically as (6aR-trans)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9- trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol The liver is a vital organ that plays an extremely important role in human metabolism and other key physiologic functions. Rare disorders like Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites are associated with the liver, many of which have severe or even fatal consequences for patients, and collectively represent a significant unmet medical need. Our product candidate LADAVRU® focuses on Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy; our goals consist of primarily serving readily identifiable patient populations suffering from Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapy drugs designed to disrupt the DNA of, and eventually destroy, targeted cancer cells. They are the most effective anticancer drugs developed and are used to treat a range of cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, and breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers. We are an innovative preclinical biopharmaceutical company committed to the discovery development, manufacturing and commercializing LADAVRU® and biosimilars. Our product candidate LADAVRU® focuses on Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy; our goals consist of primarily serving readily identifiable patient populations suffering from Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapy drugs designed to disrupt the DNA of, and eventually destroy, targeted cancer cells. They are the most effective anticancer drugs developed and are used to treat a range of cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, and breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers.
Patents and Intellectual Property Rights
We will take the necessary steps to protect our proprietary therapeutic product candidate LADAVRU® by seeking and maintaining domestic and international patents. These may cover our LADAVRU® products and compositions, the methods of use and processes for their manufacture and any other inventions that may be commercially important to the development of our business.
In connection with LADAVRU® , the drug candidate for the treatment of Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML
Intellectual Property was filed in 2017 as it related to LADAVRU®, and we plan to file international patent applications in 2018.
HOVERINK BIOTECHNOLOGIES SERIAL NUMBER '87601475' specifically for conducting early evaluations in the field of new pharmaceuticals; consulting services in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceutical research and development and genetic science, laboratory testing, diagnostics, and pharmacogenetics; development of pharmaceutical preparations and medicines; laboratory research services relating to pharmaceuticals; pharmaceutical products development; research and development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields; research and development of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of age-related diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, mental illnesses, neurodegenerative diseases and;
LADAVRU ® SERIAL NUMBER '87601498' covering Pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of gastrointestinal and oncological diseases and disorders.
We intend to submit patent applications for formulation, synthetic process and reconstitution related to our LADAVRU® drug product candidate, although there is no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining such patent protection. Independently from potential patent protection, we believe LADAVRU® will qualify for Orphan Drug status, which could entitle us to market exclusivity of up to 7 and 10 years from the date of approval of a New Drug Application (NDA) and Marketing Authorization (MA), in the US and the European Union (EU), respectively. However, there can be no assurance that such status will be granted. Separately, the FDA may also grant market exclusivity of up to five years for newly approved new chemical entities (of which LADAVRU® would be one), but there can be no assurance that such exclusivity will be granted or, if granted, for how long.
Competition
We operate in a highly competitive segment of the pharmaceutical market, which market is highly competitive as a whole. We face competition from numerous sources including commercial pharmaceutical and biotechnology enterprises, academic institutions, government agencies, and private and public research institutions. Many of our competitors may have significantly greater financial, product development, manufacturing and marketing resources.
Additionally, many universities and private and public research institutes are active in cancer research, and some may be in direct competition with us. We may also compete with these organizations to recruit scientists and clinical development personnel. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies.
The unmet medical need for more effective pain relief therapies is such that these and anticancer drugs are, by far, the leading class of drugs in development.
There are a number of established therapies that may be considered competitive for the pain relief indications for which we intend to develop our lead product LADAVRU® which focuses on Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy; our goals consist of primarily serving readily identifiable patient populations suffering from Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. We can provide no assurance that such therapies are not in development, will not receive regulatory approval and will reach market before our drug candidate LADAVRU®. In addition, any such competing therapy may be more effective and / or cost-effective than ours.
Government Regulation
Government authorities in the U.S., at the federal, state and local level, and other countries extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, quality control, approval, labeling, packaging, storage, record-keeping, promotion, advertising, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, marketing and export and import of products such as those we are developing. The pharmaceutical drug product candidates that we develop must be approved by the FDA before they may be legally marketed.
In the United States, the FDA regulates pharmaceutical products under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and implementing regulations.
Pharmaceutical products are also subject to other federal, state and local statutes and regulations. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with appropriate federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with the applicable U.S. requirements at any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to administrative or judicial sanctions. FDA sanctions could include refusal to approve pending applications, withdrawal of an approval, a clinical hold, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement or civil or criminal penalties. Any agency or judicial enforcement action could have a material adverse effect on us. The process required by the FDA before a non-biological pharmaceutical product may be marketed in the U.S. generally involves the following:
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Completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies according to Good Laboratory Practices or other applicable regulations; |
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Submission to the FDA of an Investigational New Drug, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical studies may begin; |
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Performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical studies according to the FDA’s current good clinical practices (“GCP”), to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed pharmaceutical product for its intended use; |
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Submission to the FDA of an NDA for a new pharmaceutical product; |
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Satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities where the pharmaceutical product is produced to assess compliance with the cGMP, to assure that the facilities, methods and controls are adequate to preserve the pharmaceutical product’s identity, strength, quality and purity; |
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Potential FDA audit of the preclinical and clinical study sites that generated the data in support of the NDA; and |
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FDA review and approval of the NDA. |
The lengthy process of seeking required approvals and the continuing need for compliance with applicable statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial resources and approvals are inherently uncertain.
Before testing any compounds with potential therapeutic value in humans, the pharmaceutical product candidate enters the preclinical testing stage.
Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, toxicity and formulation, as well as animal studies to assess the potential safety and activity of the pharmaceutical product candidate. These early proof-of-principle studies are done using sound scientific procedures and thorough documentation. The conduct of the single and repeat dose toxicology and toxicokinetic studies in animals must comply with federal regulations and requirements including good laboratory practices. The sponsor must submit the results of the preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information, analytical data, any available clinical data or literature and a proposed clinical protocol, to the FDA as part of the IND. The IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA has concerns and notifies the sponsor. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical study can begin. If resolution cannot be reached within the 30-day review period, either the FDA places the IND on clinical hold or the sponsor withdraws the application. The FDA may also impose clinical holds on a pharmaceutical product candidate at any time before or during clinical studies due to safety concerns or non- compliance. Accordingly, we cannot be sure that submission of an IND will result in the FDA allowing clinical studies to begin, or that, once begun, issues will not arise that suspend or terminate such clinical study.
Clinical studies involve the administration of the pharmaceutical product candidate to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of qualified investigators, generally physicians not employed by or under the clinical study sponsor’s control. Clinical studies are conducted under protocols detailing, among other things, the objectives of the clinical study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, how the results will be analyzed and presented and the parameters to be used to monitor subject safety. Each protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. Clinical studies must be conducted in accordance with GCP. Further, each clinical study must be reviewed and approved by an independent institutional review board (“IRB”) at, or servicing, each institution at which the clinical study will be conducted. An IRB is charged with protecting the welfare and rights of study participants and considers such items as whether the risks to individuals participating in the clinical studies are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the informed consent form that must be provided to each clinical study subject or his or her legal representative and must monitor the clinical study until completed.
Human clinical studies are typically conducted in three sequential phases that may overlap or be combined:
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Phase 1: The pharmaceutical product is initially introduced into healthy human subjects and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. In the case of some products for severe or life-threatening diseases such as cancer, especially when the product may be too inherently toxic to ethically administer to healthy volunteers, the initial human testing is often conducted in patients, with a goal of characterizing the safety profile of the drug and establishing a maximum tolerable dose (“MTD”). Our pharmaceutical products fall into this latter category because its products are intended to treat cancer and contain cytotoxic agents. Hence, our Phase 1 studies are conducted in late-stage cancer patients whose disease has progressed after treatment with other agents. |
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Phase 2: With the maximum tolerable dose established in a Phase 1 trial, the pharmaceutical product is evaluated in a limited patient population at the MTD to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the product for specific targeted diseases, to determine dosage tolerance, optimal dosage and dosing schedule and to identify patient populations with specific characteristics where the pharmaceutical product may be more effective. |
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Phase 3: Clinical studies are undertaken to further evaluate dosage, clinical efficacy and safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical study sites. These clinical studies are intended to establish the overall risk/benefit ratio of the product and provide an adequate basis for product labeling. The studies must be well controlled and usually include a control arm for comparison. One or two Phase 3 studies are usually required by the FDA for an NDA approval, depending on the disease severity and other available treatment options. In some instances, where a Special Protocol Assessment is granted by the FDA, an NDA approval may be obtained based on Phase 2 clinical data with the understanding that the approved drug can be sold subject to a confirmatory Phase 3 trial to be conducted post-approval. |
Post-approval studies, or Phase 4 clinical studies, may be conducted after initial marketing approval. These studies are used to gain additional experience from the treatment of patients in the intended therapeutic indication. The FDA also may require post-marketing testing, known as Phase 4 testing, risk minimization action plans and surveillance to monitor the effects of an approved product or place conditions on an approval that could restrict the distribution or use of the product.
Progress reports detailing the results of the clinical studies must be submitted at least annually to the FDA and written IND safety reports must be submitted to the FDA and the investigators for serious and unexpected adverse events or any finding from tests in laboratory animals that suggests a significant risk for human subjects. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical studies may not be completed successfully within any specified period, if at all. The FDA or the sponsor or its data safety monitoring board may suspend a clinical study at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Similarly, an IRB can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical study at its institution if the clinical study is not being conducted in accordance with the IRB’s requirements or if the pharmaceutical product has been associated with unexpected serious harm to patients.
Concurrent with clinical studies, companies usually complete additional animal studies and must also develop additional information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the pharmaceutical product as well as finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities in accordance with cGMP requirements. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the pharmaceutical product candidate and, among other things, must develop methods for testing the identity, strength, quality and purity of the final pharmaceutical product. Additionally, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the pharmaceutical product candidate does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life.
The results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical studies, along with descriptions of the manufacturing process, analytical tests conducted on the chemistry of the pharmaceutical product, proposed labeling and other relevant information are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA requesting approval to market the product. The submission of an NDA is subject to the payment of substantial user fees. A waiver of such fees may be obtained under certain limited circumstances.
The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing and may request additional information rather than accepting an NDA for filing. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review of the NDA. Under the goals and policies agreed to by the FDA under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (“PDUFA”), the FDA has 10 months after the 60-day filing date in which to complete its initial review of a standard NDA and respond to the applicant, and six months after the 60-day filing date for a priority NDA. The FDA does not always meet its PDUFA goal dates for standard and priority NDAs.
After the NDA submission is accepted for filing, the FDA reviews the NDA application to determine, among other things, whether the proposed product is safe and effective for its intended use, and whether the product is being manufactured in accordance with cGMP to assure and preserve the product’s identity, strength, quality and purity. The FDA may refer applications for novel pharmaceutical products or pharmaceutical products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it considers such recommendations carefully when making decisions. During the pharmaceutical product approval process, the FDA also will determine whether a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (“REMS”) is necessary to assure the safe use of the pharmaceutical product. If the FDA concludes that a REMS is needed, the sponsor of the NDA must submit a proposed REMS; the FDA will not approve the NDA without a REMS, if required.
Before approving an NDA, the FDA will inspect the facilities at which the product is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications. Additionally, before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites as well as the site where the pharmaceutical product is manufactured to assure compliance with GCP and cGMP. If the FDA determines the application, manufacturing process or manufacturing facilities are not acceptable, it will outline the deficiencies in the submission and often will request additional testing or information. In addition, the FDA will require the review and approval of product labeling.
The NDA review and approval process is lengthy and difficult and the FDA may refuse to approve an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied or may require additional clinical data or other data and information. Even if such data and information is submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that the NDA does not satisfy the criteria for approval. Data obtained from clinical studies are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret data differently than we interpret the same data. The FDA will issue a complete response letter if the agency decides not to approve the NDA. The complete response letter usually describes all of the specific deficiencies in the NDA identified by the FDA. The deficiencies identified may be minor, for example, requiring labeling changes, or major, for example, requiring additional clinical studies. Additionally, the complete response letter may include recommended actions that the applicant might take to place the application in a condition for approval. If a complete response letter is issued, the applicant may either resubmit the NDA, addressing all of the deficiencies identified in the letter, or withdraw the application.
If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. Further, the FDA may require that certain contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling. In addition, the FDA may require Phase 4 testing which involves clinical studies designed to further assess pharmaceutical product safety and effectiveness and may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products that have been commercialized.
Expedited Development and Review Programs
The FDA has a Fast Track program that is intended to expedite or facilitate the process for reviewing new pharmaceutical products that meet certain criteria. Specifically, new pharmaceutical products are eligible for Fast Track designation if they are intended to treat a serious or life-threatening condition and demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs for the condition. Fast Track designation applies to the combination of the product and the specific indication for which it is being studied. Unique to a Fast Track product, the FDA may consider for review sections of the NDA on a rolling basis before the complete application is submitted, if the sponsor provides a schedule for the submission of the sections of the NDA, if the FDA determines that the schedule is acceptable and if the sponsor pays any required user fees upon submission of the first section of the NDA.
Any product submitted to the FDA for market, including a Fast Track program, may also be eligible for other FDA programs intended to expedite development and review, such as priority review and accelerated approval. Any product is eligible for priority review if it has the potential to provide safe and effective therapy where no satisfactory alternative therapy exists or if it offers a significant improvement in the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a disease compared to marketed products. The FDA will attempt to direct additional resources to the evaluation of an application for a new pharmaceutical product designated for priority review in an effort to facilitate the review. Additionally, a product may be eligible for accelerated approval. Pharmaceutical products studied for their safety and effectiveness in treating serious or life-threatening illnesses and that provide meaningful therapeutic benefit over existing treatments may receive accelerated approval, which means that the products may be approved on the basis of adequate and well-controlled clinical studies establishing that the product has an effect on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit, or on the basis of an effect on a clinical endpoint other than survival or irreversible morbidity. As a condition of approval, the FDA may require that a sponsor of a pharmaceutical product receiving accelerated approval perform adequate and well-controlled post-marketing clinical studies. In addition, the FDA currently requires as a condition for accelerated approval pre-approval of promotional materials, which could impact the timing of the commercial launch of the product. Fast Track designation, priority review and accelerated approval do not change the standards for approval but may expedite the development or approval process.
Post-Approval Requirements
Any pharmaceutical products for which the Company receives FDA approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, record-keeping requirements, reporting of adverse experiences with the product, providing the FDA with updated safety and efficacy information, product sampling and distribution requirements, complying with certain electronic records and signature requirements and complying with FDA promotion and advertising requirements, which include, among others, standards for direct-to-consumer advertising, prohibitions on promoting pharmaceutical products for uses or in patient populations that are not described in the pharmaceutical product’s approved labeling (known as “off-label use”), industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities and promotional activities involving the internet. Failure to comply with FDA requirements can have negative consequences, including adverse publicity, enforcement letters from the FDA, actions by the U.S. Department of Justice and/or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Inspector General, mandated corrective advertising or communications with doctors, and civil or criminal penalties. Although physicians may prescribe legally available pharmaceutical products for off-label uses, manufacturers may not directly or indirectly market or promote such off-label uses.
We intend to rely on third parties for the production of clinical and commercial quantities of our products. Manufacturers of our products are required to comply with applicable FDA manufacturing requirements contained in the FDA’s cGMP regulations. cGMP regulations require, among other things, quality control and quality assurance, as well as the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Pharmaceutical product manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacture and distribution of approved pharmaceutical products are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliance with cGMP and other laws. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMP compliance. Discovery of problems with a product after approval may result in restrictions on a product, manufacturer or holder of an approved NDA, including withdrawal of the product from the market. In addition, changes to the manufacturing process generally require prior FDA approval before being implemented and other types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications and additional labeling claims, are also subject to further FDA review and approval.
Patent Term Restoration and Marketing Exclusivity
Depending upon the timing, duration and specifics of the FDA approval of the use of our pharmaceutical product candidates, some of our products covered by U.S. patents may be eligible for limited patent term extension under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly referred to as the Hatch-Waxman Amendments. The Hatch-Waxman Amendments permit a patent restoration term of up to five years as compensation for patent term lost during product development and the FDA regulatory review process. However, patent term restoration cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the product’s approval date. The patent term restoration period is generally one-half the time between the effective date of an IND and the submission date of an NDA plus the time between the submission date of an NDA and the approval of that application. Only one patent applicable to an approved pharmaceutical product is eligible for the extension and the application for the extension must be submitted prior to the expiration of the patent unless an extension is obtained. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, in consultation with the FDA, reviews and renders a decision on the application for any patent term extension or restoration. In the future, we may be able to apply for extension of patent term for one of our currently licensed patents or any future owned patents to add patent life beyond its current expiration date, depending upon the expected length of the clinical studies and other factors involved in the filing of the relevant NDA.
Market exclusivity provisions under the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act can also delay the submission or the approval of certain applications of other companies seeking to reference another company’s NDA. Currently seven years of reference product exclusivity are available to pharmaceutical products designated as Orphan Drugs, during which the FDA may not approve generic products relying upon the reference product’s data. Pediatric exclusivity is another type of regulatory market exclusivity in the U.S. Pediatric exclusivity, if granted, adds six months to existing exclusivity periods and patent terms. This six-month exclusivity, which runs from the end of other exclusivity protection or patent term, may be granted based on the voluntary completion of pediatric clinical studies in accordance with an FDA-issued “Written Request” for such a clinical study.
Pharmaceutical Coverage, Pricing and Reimbursement
Significant uncertainty exists as to the coverage and reimbursement status of any pharmaceutical product candidates for which we obtain regulatory approval. In the United States and in markets in other countries, sales of any products for which we receive regulatory approval for commercial sale will depend in part upon the availability of reimbursement from third-party payors. Third- party payors include government payors such as Medicare and Medicaid, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. The process for determining whether a payor will provide coverage for a pharmaceutical product may be separate from the process for setting the price or reimbursement rate that the payor will pay for the pharmaceutical product. Third- party payors may limit coverage to specific pharmaceutical products on an approved list, or formulary, which might not, and frequently does not, include all of the FDA-approved pharmaceutical products for a particular indication. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the price and examining the medical necessity and cost-effectiveness of medical products and services, in addition to their safety and efficacy. A payor’s decision to provide coverage for a pharmaceutical product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Adequate third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment in product development. In addition, in the United States there is a growing emphasis on comparative effectiveness research, both by private payors and by government agencies. We may need to conduct expensive pharmaco- economic studies in order to demonstrate the medical necessity and cost-effectiveness of LADAVRU®, in addition to the costs required to obtain the FDA approvals. Our pharmaceutical product candidate LADAVRU® may not be considered medically necessary or cost-effective. To the extent other drugs or therapies are found to be more effective than our product LADAVRU®, payors may elect to cover such therapies in lieu of our products and/or reimburse our products at a lower rate.
Different pricing and reimbursement schemes exist in other countries. In the European Community, governments influence the price of pharmaceutical products through their pricing and reimbursement rules and control of national healthcare systems that fund a large part of the cost of those products to consumers. Some jurisdictions operate positive and negative list systems under which products may only be marketed once a reimbursement price has been agreed upon. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval, some of these countries may require the completion of clinical studies that compare the cost-effectiveness of a particular pharmaceutical product candidate to currently available therapies. Other member states allow companies to fix their own prices for medicines, but monitor and control company profits. The downward pressure on healthcare costs in general, particularly prescription drugs, has become very intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products. In addition, in some countries, cross-border imports from low-priced markets exert a commercial pressure on pricing within a country.
The marketability of any pharmaceutical product candidates for which we receive regulatory approval for commercial sale may suffer if the government and third-party payors fail to provide adequate coverage and reimbursement. In addition, emphasis on managed care in the United States has increased and we expect this will continue to increase the pressure on pharmaceutical pricing. Coverage policies and third-party reimbursement rates may change at any time. Even if favorable coverage and reimbursement status is attained for one or more products for which we receive regulatory approval, less favorable coverage policies and reimbursement rates may be implemented in the future.
International Regulation
In addition to regulations in the United States, there are a variety of foreign regulations governing clinical studies and commercial sales and distribution of our current and future product candidates. Whether or not FDA approval is obtained for a product, approval of a product must be obtained by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries, or jurisdictions such as the EU, before clinical studies or marketing of the product can commence in those countries.
The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical studies, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country. In addition, certain regulatory authorities may require us to repeat previously conducted preclinical and/or clinical studies under specific criteria for approval in their respective country or jurisdictions, which may delay and/or increase the cost of approval in certain markets targeted for approval by us.
Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions
Our board of directors will be responsible for reviewing and approving in advance any related party transaction. This will cover, with certain exceptions set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S- K under the Securities Act, any transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships in which we were or are to be a participant, where the amount involved exceeds $420,000 and a related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, including, without limitation, purchases of goods or services by or from the related person or entities in which the related person has a material interest, indebtedness, guarantees of indebtedness and employment by us of a related person.
Employees
As of October 17, 2017, we had 3 employees and one management consultants.
Properties
We do not own any properties.
Legal Proceedings
We are not a party to any material pending legal proceeding, arbitration or governmental investigation, and to the best of our knowledge, no such proceedings have been initiated against us.
RISK FACTORS
A Fast Track Designation by FDA may not actually lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process.
We seek to receive Fast Track Designation for LADAVRU and we may seek Fast Track Designation for some of our other product candidates. If a drug is intended for the treatment of a serious or life-threatening condition and the drug demonstrates the potential to address unmet medical needs for this condition, the drug sponsor may apply for Fast Track Designation. FDA has broad discretion whether or not to grant this designation, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for this designation; we cannot assure you that FDA would decide to grant it.
We may never obtain FDA approval for any of our product candidates in the United States, and even if we do, we may never obtain approval for or commercialize any of our product candidates in any other jurisdiction, which would limit our ability to realize their full market potential.
In order to eventually market any of our product candidates in any particular foreign jurisdiction, we must establish and comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis regarding safety and efficacy. Approval by FDA in the United States, if obtained, does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions. In addition, clinical trials conducted in one country may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other countries, and regulatory approval in one country does not guarantee regulatory approval in any other country. Approval processes vary among countries and can involve additional product testing and validation and additional administrative review periods. Seeking foreign regulatory approval could result in difficulties and costs for us and require additional preclinical studies or clinical trials which could be costly and time-consuming. Regulatory requirements can vary widely from country to country and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in those countries. The foreign regulatory approval process involves all of the risks associated with FDA approval. We do not have LADAVRU® or any product candidates approved for sale in any jurisdiction, including international markets, and we do not have experience in obtaining regulatory approval in international markets. If we fail to comply with regulatory requirements in international markets or to obtain and maintain required approvals or if regulatory approvals in international markets are delayed, our target market will be reduced and our ability to realize the full market potential of our products will be unrealized.
A purchase of any Shares is an investment in the Company’s common stock and involves a high degree of risk. Investors should consider carefully the following information about these risks, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, before the purchase of the Shares. If any of the following risks actually occur, the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company would likely suffer. In this case, the market price of the common stock could decline, and investors may lose all or part of the money they paid to buy the Shares.
Risks Related To Our Business
We may be exposed to potential risks and significant expenses resulting from a material weakness in our internal controls over our financial reporting
We are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to include in our annual report our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management concluded that our internal controls and procedures were not effective to detect the inappropriate application of US GAAP for our most recent fiscal year. We intend to manufacture products through a contract manufacturer. As we develop our business, hire employees and consultants and seek to protect our intellectual property rights, our current design for internal control over financial reporting must be strengthened to enable management to determine that our internal controls are effective for any period, or on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, as we develop our business, such development and growth will necessitate changes to our internal control systems, processes and information systems, all of which will require additional costs and expenses. We expect to incur significant continuing costs, including accounting fees and staffing costs, in order to maintain compliance with the internal control requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
In the future, if we continue to fail to complete the annual Section 404 evaluation in a timely manner, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of public confidence in our internal controls. A loss of public confidence could directly lead to a significant decrease in the market price of our common stock. In addition, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.
Any product candidate we manufacture or advance into clinical trials may cause unacceptable adverse events or have other properties that may delay or prevent their regulatory approval or commercialization or limit their commercial potential.
Unacceptable adverse events caused by any of our product candidates that we manufacture or advance into clinical trials could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt production or clinical trials and could result in the denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or other regulatory authorities for any or all targeted indications and markets. This, in turn, could prevent us from commercializing the affected product candidate and generating revenues from its sale.
We have not yet completed testing of any of our product candidates including LADAVRU® for the treatment of the indications for which we intend to seek product approval in humans, and we currently do not know the extent of adverse events, if any, that will be observed in patients who receive any of our product candidates. If any of our product candidates cause unacceptable adverse events in clinical trials, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval or commercialize such product or, if such product candidate is approved for marketing, future adverse events could cause us to withdraw such product from the market
Suspensions or delays in the completion of clinical testing could result in increased costs to us and delay or prevent our ability to complete development of that product or generate product revenues.
Once a clinical trial has begun, patient recruitment and enrollment may be slower than we anticipate. Clinical trials may also be delayed as a result of ambiguous or negative interim results or difficulties in obtaining sufficient quantities of product manufactured in accordance with regulatory requirements and on a timely basis. Further, a clinical trial may be modified, suspended or terminated by us, an IRB, an ethics committee or a data safety monitoring committee overseeing the clinical trial, any clinical trial site with respect to that site, or the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:
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failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols; |
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inspection of the clinical trial operations or clinical trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold; |
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stopping rules contained in the protocol; |
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unforeseen safety issues or any determination that the clinical trial presents unacceptable health risks; and |
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lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. |
Changes in regulatory requirements and guidance also may occur and we may need to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes. Amendments may require us to resubmit our clinical trial protocols to IRBs for re-examination, which may impact the costs, timing and the likelihood of a successful completion of a clinical trial. If we experience delays in the completion of, or if we must suspend or terminate, any clinical trial of any product candidate, our ability to obtain regulatory approval for that product candidate will be delayed and the commercial prospects, if any, for the product candidate may suffer as a result. In addition, any of these factors may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate.
If our competitors develop treatments for the target indications of our product candidate LADAVRU® that are approved more quickly, marketed more successfully or demonstrated to be more effective than our product candidates, our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated.
We operate in highly competitive segments of the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical markets. We face competition from many different sources, including commercial pharmaceutical and biotechnology enterprises, academic institutions, government agencies, and private and public research institutions. Our product candidates, if successfully manufactured and/or developed and approved, will compete with established therapies, as well as new treatments that may be introduced by our competitors. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial, product development, manufacturing and marketing resources than us. Large pharmaceutical companies have extensive experience in clinical testing and obtaining regulatory approval for drugs. In addition, many universities and private and public research institutes are active in cancer research, some in direct competition with us. We also may compete with these organizations to recruit management, scientists and clinical development personnel. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. New developments, including the development of other biological and pharmaceutical technologies and methods of treating disease, occur in the pharmaceutical and life sciences industries at a rapid pace. Developments by competitors may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive. We will also face competition from these third parties in recruiting and retaining qualified personnel, establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials and in identifying and in-licensing new product candidates.
Delays in the commencement of our clinical trials could result in increased costs and delay our ability to pursue regulatory approval.
The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in:
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obtaining regulatory clearance to commence a clinical trial; |
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identifying, recruiting and training suitable clinical investigators; |
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reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical research organizations (“CROs”) and trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation, may be subject to modification from time to time and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites; |
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obtaining sufficient quantities of a product candidate for use in clinical trials; |
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obtaining Investigator Review Board, or IRB, or ethics committee approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site; |
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identifying, recruiting and enrolling patients to participate in a clinical trial; and |
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retaining patients who have initiated a clinical trial but may withdraw due to adverse events from the therapy, insufficient efficacy, fatigue with the clinical trial process or personal issues. |
Any delays in the commencement of our clinical trials will delay our ability to pursue regulatory approval for our product candidates. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate.
Because the results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results, any product candidate we advance into clinical trials may not have favorable results in later clinical trials, if any, or receive regulatory approval.
Pharmaceutical development has inherent risk. We will be required to demonstrate through well-controlled clinical trials for our LADAVRU® product candidate. Success in early clinical trials does not mean that later clinical trials will be successful as product candidates in later-stage clinical trials may fail to demonstrate sufficient safety or efficacy despite having progressed through initial clinical testing. We also may need to conduct additional clinical trials that are not currently anticipated. Companies frequently suffer significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after earlier clinical trials have shown promising results. In addition, only a small percentage of drugs under development result in the submission of a New Drug Application or Biologics License Application (“BLA”) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) and even fewer are approved for commercialization
The Company has no revenues to date.
The Company has generated no revenues to date. To date, most of management’s time, and the Company’s limited resources have been spent in developing its business strategy, researching potential opportunities, contacting partners, exploring marketing contacts, establishing operations and management personnel and resources, preparing its business plan and model, selecting professional advisors and consultants and seeking capital for the Company.
The Company’s independent auditors have issued a report raising a substantial doubt of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
In their audited financial report, the Company’s independent auditors have issued a comment that unless the Company is able to generate sufficient cash flows from operations and/or obtain additional financing, there is a substantial doubt as to its ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company is a development-stage company with no operating history of its own and as such any prospective investor cannot assess the Company’s profitability or performance.
Because the Company is a development-stage company with no operating history, it is impossible for an investor to assess the performance of the Company or to determine whether the Company will meet its projected business plan. The Company has limited financial results upon which an investor may judge its potential. As a company emerging from the development- stage, the Company may in the future experience under- capitalization, shortages, setbacks and many of the problems, delays and expenses encountered by any early stage business. An investor will be required to make an investment decision based solely on the Company management’s history and its projected operations in light of the risks, expenses and uncertainties that may be encountered by engaging in the Company’s industry.
The Company is a development stage company and has a correspondingly small financial and accounting organization. Being a public company may strain the Company's resources, divert management’s attention and affect its ability to attract and retain qualified officers and directors.
The Company is a development stage company with no developed finance and accounting organization and the rigorous demands of being a public company require a structured and developed finance and accounting group. As a reporting company, the Company is already subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. However, the requirements of these laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder entail significant accounting, legal and financial compliance costs which may be prohibitive to the Company as it develops its business plan, services and scope. These costs have made, and will continue to make, some activities more difficult, time consuming or costly and may place significant strain on its personnel, systems and resources.
The Securities Exchange Act requires, among other things, that companies maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain the requisite disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, significant resources and management oversight are required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on the development of the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
These rules and regulations may also make it difficult and expensive for the Company to obtain director and officer liability insurance. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate director and officer insurance, its ability to recruit and retain qualified officers and directors, especially those directors who may be deemed independent, will be significantly curtailed.
We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, “emerging growth companies” can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves to this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” The Company has engaged outside accounting and finance advisors to assist the Company in better implementing effective disclosure controls and procedures.
The Company could be adversely affected by a decline in discretionary consumer spending or consumer confidence.
The Company’s success depends in great part on discretionary consumer spending. Discretionary consumer spending is significantly influenced by general economic conditions and the availability of discretionary income. The recent economic downturn, coupled with high volatility and uncertainty as to the future global economic landscape, has had and may continue to have a negative effect on consumers’ discretionary income and consumer confidence. Difficult economic conditions and recessionary periods may adversely impact attendance figures, the frequency with which guests choose to visit and spend at the Company’s recreational centers. These factors could also affect our suppliers, vendors, insurance carriers and other contractual counterparties. Such factors could include, but are not limited to:
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war, terrorist activities or threats and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to these events; |
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outbreaks of pandemic or contagious diseases or consumers’ concerns relating to potential exposure to contagious diseases; |
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natural disasters, such as hurricanes, fires, earthquakes, tsunamis, tornados, floods and volcanic eruptions and man-made disasters such as the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, which may deter travelers from scheduling vacations or cause them to cancel travel or vacation plans; |
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low consumer confidence; |
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oil prices and travel costs and the financial condition of the airline, automotive and other transportation-related industries, any travel- related disruptions or incidents and their impact on travel; and actions or statements by U.S. and foreign governmental officials related to travel and corporate travel-related activities (including changes to the U.S. visa rules) and the resulting public perception of such travel and activities. |
Any of these factors could adversely affect attendance and spending at the Company’s recreational centers, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related To Ownership of Our Shares
As there is no minimum for our Primary Offering, if only a few persons purchase Shares, they may lose their investment as we may be unable to make a significant attempt to implement our business plan.
Since there is no minimum amount of Shares that must be sold directly under this Primary Offering, if a limited number of Shares are sold, we may not have enough capital to fully implement our plan of operations. As such, we may not be able to meet the objectives we state in this prospectus, or eliminate the “going concern” modification in the reports of our auditors as to uncertainty with respect to our ability to continue as a going concern. If we fail to raise sufficient capital, we would expect to have insufficient funds for our ongoing operating expenses. Any significant lack of funds will curtail the growth of our business and may cause our business to fail. If our business fails, investors will lose their entire investment.
We are selling shares in the Primary Offering without an underwriter and may be unable to sell any Shares.
This Primary Offering is self-underwritten, that is, we are not going to engage the services of an underwriter to sell the Shares. We intend to sell our Shares through our President who will receive no commissions or other remuneration from any sales made hereunder. They will offer the Shares to friends, family members, and business associates; however, there is no guarantee that they will be able to sell any of the Shares. Unless they are successful in selling all of the Shares and we receive the maximum amount of proceeds from this Primary Offering, we may have to seek alternative financing to implement our plan of operations.
We may have difficulty selling shares under our Primary Offering because the selling shareholders are concurrently offering their shares under the Secondary Offering.
We may have difficulty selling shares under our Primary Offering because we may be competing with the selling security holders who are concurrently offering their shares under the Secondary Offering. In the event that our common shares are quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board or OTCQB, the selling security holders will not be required to sell their shares at a fixed price of $ per share. Accordingly, the selling security holders may reduce the price of their shares which may hinder our ability to sell any shares under the Primary Offering.
Risks Related to Our Management and Control Persons
Because Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna currently has 45% of our outstanding Common Stock, investors may find that corporate decisions influenced by Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna are inconsistent with the best interests of other stockholders .
Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna currently have 45% of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock. Accordingly, Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna will have a significant influence in determining the outcome of all corporate transactions or other matters, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, and also the power to prevent or cause a change in control. While we have no current plans with regard to any takeover, merger, consolidation or sale of substantially all of our assets, the interests of Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna may still differ from the interests of the other stockholders.
The loss of key management personnel could adversely affect our ability to continue operations.
We are entirely dependent on the efforts of our CEO, and Chief Financial Officer because of the time and effort that she devotes to us. She is in charge of overseeing all development strategies, supervising any/all future personnel, including any consultants or contractors that we will engage to assist in developing our business model, and the establishment of our future sales team. Their loss, or other key personnel in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We do not maintain “key person” life insurance on our officers, directors or key employees. Our success will depend on the performance of Ms. Debbie Carter and our ability to attract and motivate other key personnel.
The lack of Public Company experience of our officers and directors could adversely impact our ability to comply with the reporting requirements of U.S. Securities laws.
Our officers and directors, including Ms. Debbie Carter, has no experience managing a public company, which could adversely impact our ability to comply with legal, regulatory, and reporting requirements of U.S. Securities laws. Our management may not be able to implement programs and policies in an effective and timely manner to adequately respond to such legal, regulatory and reporting requirements, including the establishment and maintenance of internal controls over financial reporting. Any such deficiencies, weaknesses or lack of compliance could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to comply with the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are necessary to maintain public company status. If we were to fail to fulfill those obligations, our ability to operate as a U.S. public company would be in jeopardy in which event you could lose your entire investment in our company. Our ability to operate successfully may depend on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel with appropriate experience in the management of a public company. Our ability to find and retain qualified personnel on our terms and budget may be very limited
We will likely conduct further offerings of our equity securities in the future, in which case your proportionate interest may become diluted.
Since our inception, we have relied on sales of our common shares to fund our operations. We will likely be required to conduct additional equity offerings in the future to finance our current projects or to finance subsequent projects that we decide to undertake. If common shares are issued in return for additional funds, the price per share could be lower than that paid by our current shareholders. We anticipate continuing to rely on equity sales of our common shares in order to fund our business operations. If we issue additional shares, your percentage interest in us could become diluted.
The Company’s board of directors beneficially own and will continue to own a majority of the Company’s common stock and, as a result, can exercise control over stockholder and corporate actions.
The Company anticipates that its executive officers and directors will, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 64 % of its issued and outstanding capital stock following the completion of this offering, assuming the sale of all Shares hereby offered. Accordingly, the present shareholders, by virtue of their percentage share ownership and certain procedures established by the certificate of incorporation and by- laws of the Company for the election of its directors, may effectively control the board of directors and the policies of the Company. As a result, these stockholders will retain substantial control over matters requiring approval by the Company’s stockholders, such as (without limitation) the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the market price of the Company’s common stock or prevent stockholders from realizing a premium over the market price for their Shares.
The Company depends on its management team to manage its business effectively.
The Company's future success is dependent in large part upon its ability to understand and develop the business plan and to attract and retain highly skilled management, operational and executive personnel. In particular, due to the relatively early stage of the Company's business, its future success is highly dependent on its officers, to provide the necessary experience and background to execute the Company's business plan. The loss of any officer’s services could impede, particularly initially as the Company builds a record and reputation, its ability to develop its objectives, particularly in its ability to operate hotels and retail stores and as such would negatively impact the Company's possible overall development.
The time devoted by Company management may not be full-time.
It is not anticipated that key officers would devote themselves full-time to the business of the Company at the present time. Once the Company obtains additional financing or generates sufficient revenues and profits, officers may then become employed in a full-time capacity.
Government regulation could negatively impact the business.
The Company’s business segments may be subject to various government regulations in the jurisdictions in which they operate. Due to the potential wide scope of the Company’s operations, the Company could be subject to regulation by various political and regulatory entities, including various local and municipal agencies and government sub-divisions. The Company may incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply. The Company’s operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, by existing or future laws and regulations relating to its business or industry.
There has been no prior public market for the Company’s securities and the lack of such a market may make resale of the stock difficult.
No prior public market has existed for the Company’s securities and the Company cannot assure any investor that a market will develop subsequent to this offering. An investor must be fully aware of the long-term nature of an investment in the Company. The Company intends to apply for quotation of its common stock on the OTC Bulletin Board as soon as possible which may be while this offering is still in process. However, the Company does not know if it will be successful in such application, how long such application will take, or, that if successful, that a market for the common stock will ever develop or continue on the OTC Bulletin Board. If for any reason the common stock is not listed on the OTC Bulletin Board or a public trading market does not otherwise develop, investors in the offering may have difficulty selling their common stock should they desire to do so. If the Company is not successful in its application for quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board, it will apply to have its securities quoted by the Pink OTC Markets, Inc., real-time quotation service for over-the-counter equities.
The Company does not project paying dividends during its development stage and during the early stages of growth and anticipates that it will retain future earnings for funding the Company’s growth and development. Therefore, investors should not expect the Company to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, investors may not receive any return on their investment prior to selling their Shares in the Company, if and when a market for such Shares develops. Furthermore, even if a market for the Company’s securities does develop, there is no guarantee that the market price for the shares would be equal to or more than the initial per share investment price paid by any investor. There is a possibility that the Shares could lose all or a significant portion of their value from the initial price paid in this offering.
The Company’s stock may be considered a penny stock and any investment in the Company’s stock will be considered a high- risk investment and subject to restrictions on marketability.
If the Shares commence trading, the trading price of the Company's common stock may be below $5.00 per share. If the price of the common stock is below such level, trading in its common stock would be subject to the requirements of certain rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These rules require additional disclosure by broker-dealers in connection with any trades generally involving any non-NASDAQ equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. Such rules require the delivery, before any penny stock transaction, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated therewith, and impose various sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell penny stocks to persons other than established customers and accredited investors (generally institutions). For these types of transactions, the broker-dealer must determine the suitability of the penny stock for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written consent to the transactions before sale. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in the Company’s common stock which could impact the liquidity of the Company’s common stock.
The Company is subject to the potential factors of market and customer changes.
The business of the Company is susceptible to rapidly changing preferences of the marketplace and its customers. The needs of customers are subject to constant change. Although the Company intends to carry out its plan of developing recreational centers to satisfy changing customer demands in the marketplace, there can be no assurance that funds for such expenditures will be available or that the Company's competition will not develop similar or superior capabilities or that the Company will be successful in its internal efforts. The future success of the Company will depend in part on its ability to respond effectively to rapidly changing trends, industry standards and customer requirements by adapting its visions of entertainment and leisure centers and the experience offered by products and services.
Product liability claims could adversely affect the Company.
The Company may be subject to product liability claims from customers or fines from regulatory agencies relating to products that are recalled, defective or harmful. Such claims could arise from factors beyond the Company’s control. The Company generally seeks contractual indemnification and insurance coverage from its suppliers. However, without adequate insurance or contractual indemnification available, such claims could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operation. Litigation expenses could increase as well, which may have a materially negative impact on results of operations, regardless of the outcome of the claim. Furthermore, such claims may cause significant damage the Company’s reputation and diminish customer confidence in its products.
The Company has authorized the issuance of preferred stock with certain preferences.
The board of directors of the Company is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value preferred stock. The board of directors has the power to establish the dividend rates, liquidation preferences, and voting rights of any series of preferred stock, and these rights may be superior to the rights of holders of the Shares. The board of directors may also establish redemption and conversion terms and privileges with respect to any shares of preferred stock. Any such preferences may operate to the detriment of the rights of the holders of the Shares, and further, could be used by the board of directors as a device to prevent a change in control of the Company. No such preferred shares or preferences have been issued to date, but such shares or preferences may be issued at a later time, subject to the sole discretion of the board of directors.
The Company does not maintain certain insurance, including errors and omissions and indemnification insurance.
The Company has limited capital and, therefore, does not currently have a policy of insurance against liabilities arising out of the negligence of its officers and directors and/or deficiencies in any of its business operations. Even assuming that the Company obtained insurance, there is no assurance that such insurance coverage would be adequate to satisfy any potential claims made against the Company, its officers and directors, or its business operations. Any such liability which might arise could be substantial and may exceed the assets of the Company. The certificate of incorporation and by-laws of the Company provide for indemnification of officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons, it is the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission that such indemnification is against public policy, as expressed in the Act, and is therefore, unenforceable.
Intellectual property and/or trade secret protection may be inadequate.
The Company has applied for certain intellectual property and trade secret protection on certain aspects of its business. However, there can be no assurance that the Company can obtain effective protection against unauthorized duplication or the introduction of substantially similar solutions and services.
The offering price of the Shares has been arbitrarily determined by the Company and such offering should not be used by an investor as an indicator of the fair market value of the Shares.
Currently there is no public market for the Company’s common stock. The offering price for the Shares has been arbitrarily determined by the Company and does not necessarily bear any direct relationship to the assets, operations, book or other established criteria of value of the Company. Thus an investor should be aware that the offering price does not reflect the fair market price of the Shares.
The Company has included the selling stockholders in the secondary public offering (or private placement) for Shares in parallel with this offering.
The Company is conducting a primary public offering (or private placement) for Shares to raise proceeds for the Company. Such an offering may be conducted in parallel with or immediately following this offering. Sales of additional Shares [in the current or any future Primary Offering] will dilute the percentage ownership of shareholders in the Company.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
The offering price of our common stock has been determined arbitrarily.
The price of our common stock in this offering has not been determined by any independent financial evaluation, market mechanism or by our auditors, and is therefore, to a large extent, arbitrary. Our audit firm has not reviewed management's valuation and, therefore, expresses no opinion as to the fairness of the offering price as determined by our management. As a result, the price of the common stock in this offering may not reflect the value perceived by the market. There can be no assurance that the shares offered hereby are worth the price for which they are offered and investors may, therefore, lose a portion or all of their investment.
Risks Related To Ownership of Our Shares
The interests of shareholders may be hurt because we can issue shares of our common stock to individuals or entities that support existing management with such issuances serving to enhance existing management’s ability to maintain control of our company.
Our board of directors has authority, without action or vote of the shareholders, to issue all or part of the authorized but unissued common shares. Such issuances may be issued to parties or entities committed to supporting existing management and the interests of existing management which may not be the same as the interests of other shareholders. Our ability to issue shares without shareholder approval serves to enhance existing management’s ability to maintain control of our company.
Our articles of incorporation provide for indemnification of officers and directors at our expense and limit their liability that may result in a major cost to us and hurt the interests of our shareholders because corporate resources may be expended for the benefit of officers and/or directors.
Our Articles of Incorporation at Article X provide for indemnification as follows: "No director or officer of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the Corporation or any of its stockholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer; provided, however, that the foregoing provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director or officer: (I) for acts or omissions which involve intentional misconduct, fraud or knowing violation of law. Any repeal or modification of an Article by the stockholders of the Corporation shall be prospective only, and shall not adversely affect any limitation of the personal liability of a director or officer of the Corporation for acts or omissions prior to such repeal or modification. In the opinion of the SEC, indemnification for liabilities arising under federal securities laws is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification for liabilities arising under federal securities laws, other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding, is asserted by a director, officer or controlling person in connection with our activities, we will (unless in the opinion of our counsel, the matter has been settled by controlling precedent) submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction, the question whether indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. The legal process relating to this matter if it were to occur is likely to be very costly and may result in us receiving negative publicity, either of which factors is likely to materially reduce the market and price for our shares, if such a market ever develops.
Currently, there is no established public market for our securities, and there can be no assurances that any established public market will ever develop or that our common stock will be quoted for trading and, even if quoted, it is likely to be subject to significant price fluctuations.
Prior to the date of this prospectus, there has not been any established trading market for our common stock, and there is currently no established public market whatsoever for our securities. We have not found a market maker. There can be no assurance that we will find a market maker willing to file an application with FINRA on our behalf and if we neither do that the market maker’s application will be accepted by FINRA nor can we estimate as to the time period that the application will require. We are not permitted to file such application on our own behalf. If the application is accepted, there can be no assurances as to whether
(I) |
any market for our shares will develop; |
The prices at which our common stock will trade; or
(i) |
The extent to which investor interest in us will lead to the development of an active, liquid trading market. Active trading markets generally result in lower price volatility and more efficient execution of buy and sell orders for investors. |
If we become able to have our shares of common stock quoted on the OTCQB and/or OTCBB, we will then try, through a broker-dealer and its clearing firm, to become eligible with the Depository Trust Company ("DTC") to permit our shares to trade electronically. If an issuer is not “DTC- eligible,” then its shares cannot be electronically transferred between brokerage accounts, which, based on the realities of the marketplace as it exists today (especially the OTCQB/OTCBB), means that shares of a company will not be traded (technically the shares can be traded manually between accounts, but this takes days and is not a realistic option for companies relying on broker dealers for stock Transactions - Like all companies on the OTCQB and OTCBB. What this boils down to is that while DTC-eligibility is not a requirement to trade on the OTCQB or OTCBB, it is a necessity to process trades on the OTCBB if a company’s stock is going to trade with any volume. There are no assurances that our shares will ever become DTC-eligible or, if they do, how long it will take. In addition, our common stock is unlikely to be followed by any market analysts, and there may be few institutions acting as market makers for our common stock. Either of these factors could adversely affect the liquidity and trading price of our common stock. Until our common stock is fully distributed and an orderly market develops in our common stock, if ever, the price at which it trades is likely to fluctuate significantly. Prices for our common stock will be determined in the marketplace and may be influenced by many factors, including the depth and liquidity of the market for shares of our common stock, developments affecting our business, including the impact of the factors referred to elsewhere in these Risk Factors, investor perception of the Company and general economic and market conditions. No assurances can be given that an orderly or liquid market will ever develop for the shares of our common stock. Because of the anticipated low price of the securities being registered, many brokerage firms may not be willing to effect transactions in these securities. Purchasers of our securities should be aware that any market that develops in our stock will be subject to the penny stock restrictions. See “Plan of Distribution” and Risk Factors below.
Any market that develops in shares of our common stock will be subject to the penny stock regulations and restrictions pertaining to low priced stocks that create a lack of liquidity and make trading difficult or impossible.
The trading of our securities, if any, will be in the over-the-counter market which is commonly referred to as the OTCBB as maintained by FINRA. As a result, an investor may find it difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations as to the price of our securities. Rule 3a51- 1 of the Exchange Act establishes the definition of a "penny stock," for purposes relevant to us, as any equity security that has a minimum bid price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to a limited number of exceptions which are not available to us. It is likely that our shares will be considered to be penny stocks for the immediately foreseeable future. This classification severely and adversely affects any market liquidity for our common stock. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the penny stock rules require that a broker or dealer approve a person's account for transactions in penny stocks and the broker or dealer receive from the investor a written agreement to the transaction setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. In order to approve a person's account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must obtain financial information and investment experience and objectives of the person and make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and that that person has sufficient knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.
The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prepared by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight form, sets forth:
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The basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination, and |
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That the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction |
Disclosure also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stock in both public offerings and in secondary trading and commission’s payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions. Additionally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks. Because of these regulations, broker-dealers may not wish to engage in the above-referenced necessary paperwork and disclosures and/or may encounter difficulties in their attempt to sell shares of our common stock, which may affect the ability of selling shareholders or other holders to sell their shares in any secondary market and have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in any secondary market. These additional sales practice and disclosure requirements could impede the sale of our securities, if and when our securities become publicly traded. In addition, the liquidity for our securities may decrease, with a corresponding decrease in the price of our securities. Our shares, in all probability, will be subject to such penny stock rules for the foreseeable future and our shareholders will, in all likelihood, find it difficult to sell their securities.
The market for penny stocks has experienced numerous frauds and abuses that could adversely impact investors in our stock.
Company management believes that the market for penny stocks has suffered from patterns of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include: Control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer;
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Manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; |
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"Boiler room" practices involving high pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by sales persons; |
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Excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differentials and markups by selling broker-dealers; and |
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Wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired level, along with the inevitable collapse of those prices with consequent investor losses. |
Any trading market that may develop may be restricted by virtue of state securities “Blue Sky” laws that prohibit trading absent compliance with individual state laws. These restrictions may make it difficult or impossible to sell shares in those states.
There is currently no established public market for our common stock, and there can be no assurance that any established public market will develop in the foreseeable future. Transfer of our common stock may also be restricted under the securities or securities regulations laws promulgated by various states and foreign jurisdictions, commonly referred to as “Blue Sky” laws. Absent compliance with such individual state laws, our common stock may not be traded in such jurisdictions. Because the securities registered hereunder have not been registered for resale under the blue sky laws of any state, the holders of such shares and persons who desire to purchase them in any trading market that might develop in the future, should be aware that there may be significant state blue sky law restrictions upon the ability of investors to sell the securities and of purchasers to purchase the securities. These restrictions prohibit the secondary trading of our common stock. We currently do not intend to and may not be able to qualify securities for resale in at least 17 states which do not offer manual exemptions (or may offer manual exemptions but may not to offer one to us if we are considered to be a shell company at the time of application) and require shares to be qualified before they can be resold by our shareholders. Accordingly, investors should consider the secondary market for our securities to be a limited one. See also “Plan of Distribution-State Securities-Blue Sky Laws.”
Because we are not subject to compliance with rules requiring the adoption of certain corporate governance measures, our stockholders have limited protection against interested director transactions, conflicts of interest and similar matters.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rule changes proposed and enacted by the SEC, the New York and American Stock Exchanges and the Nasdaq Stock Market, as a result of Sarbanes-Oxley, require the implementation of various measures relating to corporate governance. These measures are designed to enhance the integrity of corporate management and the securities markets and apply to securities that are listed on those exchanges or the Nasdaq Stock Market. Because we are not presently required to comply with many of the corporate governance provisions and because we chose to avoid incurring the substantial additional costs associated with such compliance any sooner than legally required, we have not yet adopted these measures. Because none of our directors (currently three persons) are independent directors, we do not currently have independent audit or compensation committees. As a result, these directors have the ability, among other things, to determine their own level of compensation. Until we comply with such corporate governance measures, regardless of whether such compliance is required, the absence of such standards of corporate governance may leave our stockholders without protections against interested director transactions, conflicts of interest, if any, and similar matters and investors may be reluctant to provide us with funds necessary to expand our operations. We intend to comply with all corporate governance measures relating to director independence as and when required. However, we may find it very difficult or be unable to attract and retain qualified officers, directors and members of board committees required to provide for our effective management as a result of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has resulted in a series of rules and regulations by the SEC that increase responsibilities and liabilities of directors and executive officers. The perceived increased personal risk associated with these recent changes may make it more costly or deter qualified individuals from accepting these roles.
You may have limited access to information regarding our business because our obligations to file periodic reports with the SEC could be automatically suspended under certain circumstances.
As of the effective date of our registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, we will become subject to certain informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as amended and we will be required to file periodic reports (i.e., annual, quarterly and material events) with the SEC which will be immediately available to the public for inspection and copying. In the event during the year that our registration statement becomes effective, these reporting obligations may be automatically suspended under Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act if we have less than 300 shareholders and do not file a registration statement on Form 8-A. If this occurs after the year in which our registration statement becomes effective, we will no longer be obligated to file such periodic reports with the SEC and access to our business information would then be even more restricted. After this registration statement on Form S-1 becomes effective, we may be required to deliver periodic reports to security holders as proscribed by the Exchange Act, as amended. However, we will not be required to furnish proxy statements to security holders and our directors, officers and principal beneficial owners will not be required to report their beneficial ownership of securities to the SEC pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act until we have both 500 or more security holders and greater than $10 million in assets. This means that access to information regarding our business and operations will be limited. However, we plan to voluntarily continue reporting in the absence of an SEC reporting obligation.
Our reporting obligations under section 15(d) of the securities exchange act of 1934, as amended, may be suspended automatically if we have fewer than 300 shareholders of record on the first day of our fiscal year.
We will not register our common stock under Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Therefore, we will not be subject to the Commission’s proxy, tender offer, and short swing insider trading rules for Section 12 registrants and our obligation to file reports under Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act will be automatically suspended if, on the first day of any fiscal year (other than a fiscal year in which a registration statement under the Securities Act has gone effective), we have fewer than 300 shareholders of record. This suspension is automatic and does not require any filing with the SEC. In such an event, we would only be required to file an annual report for the twelve months after this prospectus is declared effective by the SEC. Accordingly, we may cease providing periodic reports and current or periodic information, including operational and financial information, may not be available with respect to our results of operations. If our obligation to file reports under Section 15(d) is suspended it may decrease our common stock’s liquidity, if any, affecting your ability to resell our common stock.
For all of the foregoing reasons and others set forth herein, an investment in our securities in any market that may develop in the future involves a high degree of risk.
Risk Factors
You should carefully read “Risk Factors” beginning on page and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors that you should consider before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock.
Risks Relating to Our Business
We have incurred significant losses since our inception. We anticipate that we will continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and we may never achieve or maintain profitability.
We are a drug development company focused primarily on developing our lead product candidate, LADAVRU® for the treatment of Cancer and critically ill sufferers of Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, patients suffering from AIDS, various other Cancers and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy and Rare disorders like Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites are associated with the liver, many of which have severe or even fatal consequences for patients, and collectively represent a significant unmet medical need. Our product candidate LADAVRU® focuses on Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy; our goals consist of primarily serving readily identifiable patient populations suffering from Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapy drugs designed to disrupt the DNA of, and eventually destroy, targeted cancer cells. They are the most effective anticancer drugs developed and are used to treat a range of cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, and breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers. The nature of these diseases permits us to leverage highly predictive preclinical models and well-described, and often clinically validated, biomarkers to shorten time to clinical proof of concept.
To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities and debt financings. We have devoted most of our financial resources to research and development, including our preclinical development activities. We have not completed the development of any of our product candidates. We expect to continue to incur significant and increasing losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future. The size of our losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future expenditures and our ability to generate revenues. In particular, we expect to incur substantial and increased expenses as we:
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initiate the clinical development of our lead product candidate, LADAVRU® for the treatment of AIDS, various other Cancers and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy and neuropathy; |
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seek to obtain regulatory approvals for LADAVRU® |
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prepare for the clinical trials and potential commercialization of LADAVRU® |
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scale up contracted manufacturing processes and quantities to prepare for clinical trials and the commercialization of LADAVRU® for any indications for which we receive regulatory approval; |
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establish outsourcing of the commercial manufacturing of LADAVRU® for any indications for which we may receive regulatory approval; |
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establish an infrastructure for the sales, marketing and distribution of LADAVRU® for any indications for which we may receive regulatory approval; |
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continue preclinical development of our product candidate LADAVRU® for the treatment of pain; |
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expand our research and development activities and advance the discovery and development programs for other product candidates, including novel combination solutions comprised of our own amplifiers, correctors and potentiators; |
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maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; |
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continue our research and development efforts and seek to discover additional product candidates; and |
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add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our clinical development and commercialization efforts and operations as a public company. |
To become and remain profitable, we must succeed in developing and eventually commercializing products with significant market potential. This will require us to be successful in a range of challenging activities, including discovering product candidates, completing preclinical testing and clinical trials of our product candidates, obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval for these product candidates, and manufacturing, marketing and selling those products. We are only in the preliminary stages of these activities.
None of our product candidates have been approved or commercialized. We may never succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for or commercializing any of our product candidates. If our product candidates are not approved or commercialized, if any products that do receive regulatory approvals later show unanticipated properties (for example, unexpected safety issues), or if revenues from any products that do receive regulatory approvals are insufficient, we will not achieve profitability and our business may fail.
Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our failure to become and remain profitable would depress the value of our company and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, diversify our product offerings or continue our operations. A decline in the value of our company could cause you to lose all or part of your investment terms, or at all.
We have never been profitable, we have no products approved for commercial sale, and to date we have not generated any revenue from product sales. As a result, our ability to reduce our losses and reach profitability is unproven, and we may never achieve or sustain profitability.
We have never been profitable and do not expect to be profitable in the foreseeable future. We have not yet submitted any drug candidates for approval by regulatory authorities in the United States or elsewhere. To date, we have devoted most of our financial resources to our corporate overhead and research and development, including our drug discovery research, preclinical development activities and intended clinical trials. We have not generated any revenues from product sales. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect these losses to increase as we continue our development of, and seek regulatory approvals for LADAVRU® prepare for and begin the commercialization of any approved products, and add infrastructure and personnel to support our continuing product development efforts. We anticipate that any such losses could be significant for the next several years. If LADAVRU® or any of our other drug candidates fails in clinical trials or does not gain regulatory approval, or if our drug candidates do not achieve market acceptance, we may never become profitable. As a result of the foregoing, we expect to continue to experience net losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future. These net losses and negative cash flows have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our stockholders' equity and working capital. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with pharmaceutical product development, we are unable to accurately predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when, or if, we will be able to achieve profitability. In addition, our expenses could increase if we are required by the FDA to perform studies or trials in addition to those currently expected, or if there are any delays in completing our clinical trials or the development of any of our drug candidates. The amount of future net losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future growth of our expenses and our ability to generate revenues.
We cannot be certain that LADAVRU® will receive regulatory approval, and without regulatory approval we will not be able to market LADAVRU®. Our business currently depends largely on the successful development and commercialization of LADAVRU®. Our ability to generate revenue related to product sales, if ever, will depend on the successful development and regulatory approval of LADAVRU® for the treatment of those suffering from Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML.
We currently have no products approved for sale and we cannot guarantee that we will ever have marketable products. The development of a product candidate and issues relating to its approval and marketing are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA in the United States and regulatory authorities in other countries, with regulations differing from country to country. We are not permitted to market our product candidates in the United States until we receive approval of a NDA from the FDA.
We have not submitted any marketing applications for any of our product candidates particularly LADAVRU® Failure to continue improving our accounting systems and controls could impair our ability to comply with the financial reporting and internal controls requirements for publicly traded companies.
As a public company, we operate in an increasingly demanding regulatory environment, which requires us to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the related rules and regulations of the SEC. Company responsibilities required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act include establishing corporate oversight and adequate internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent financial fraud. We have implemented a system of internal controls over financial reporting and are preparing the documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. However, we may need to retain additional finance capabilities and build our financial infrastructure as a public company. Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, starting with the second annual report that we would expect to file with the SEC. However, for as long as we remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we have and intend to continue to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may continue to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and results of operations could be harmed and investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information.
The protection provided by the federal securities laws relating to forward-looking statements does not apply to us. The lack of this protection could harm us in the event of an adverse outcome in a legal proceeding relating to forward-looking statements made by us.
Although federal securities laws provide a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by a public company that files reports under the federal securities laws, this safe harbor is not available to certain issuers, including issuers that do not have their equity traded on a recognized national securities exchange. Our common stock does not trade on any recognized national securities exchange. As a result, we will not have the benefit of this safe harbor protection in the event of any legal action based upon a claim that the material provided by us contained a material misstatement of fact or was misleading in any material respect because of our failure to include any statements necessary to make the statements not misleading. The lack of this protection in a contested proceeding could harm our financial condition.
As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.
As an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. We are an emerging growth company until the earliest of:
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the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; |
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the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of this offering; |
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the date on which we have, during the previous 3-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or |
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the date on which we are deemed a “large accelerated issuer” as defined under the federal securities laws. |
For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
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have an auditor report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; |
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comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); |
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submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholders advisory votes pursuant to the “say on frequency” and “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010; |
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include detailed compensation discussion and analysis in our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and instead may provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; |
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may present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A; and |
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are eligible to claim longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act. |
We intend to take advantage of all of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in periods may make it difficult to compare our financial statements to those of non- emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the phase-in periods under §107 of the JOBS Act.
Certain of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions were already available to us due to the fact that we also qualify as a “smaller reporting company” under SEC rules. For instance, smaller reporting companies are not required to obtain an auditor attestation and report regarding management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting; are not required to provide a compensation discussion and analysis; are not required to provide a pay-for- performance graph or CEO pay ratio disclosure; and may present only two years of audited financial statements and related MD&A disclosure.
Under the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of the above-described reduced reporting requirements and exemptions for up to five years after our initial sale of common equity pursuant to a registration statement declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, or such earlier time that we no longer meet the definition of an emerging growth company. In this regard, the JOBS Act provides that we would cease to be an “emerging growth company” if we have more than
$1.0 billion in annual revenues, have more than $700 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion in principal amount of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. Further, under current SEC rules, we will continue to qualify as a “smaller reporting company” for so long as we have a public float (i.e., the market value of common equity held by non-affiliates) of less than $75 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
We cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive due to our reliance on these exemptions. If investors were to find our common stock less attractive as a result of our election, we may have difficulty raising all of the proceeds we seek in this offering.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We make forward-looking statements under the “Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Business,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in other sections of this prospectus. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” and the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors.”
While we believe we have identified material risks, these risks and uncertainties are not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus describe additional factors that could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform our prior statements to actual results or revised expectations, and we do not intend to do so.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
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our ability to obtain additional funding to develop our product candidate LADAVRU; |
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the need to obtain regulatory approval of our product candidate LADAVRU; |
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the success of our clinical trials through all phases of clinical development of LADAVRU; |
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compliance with obligations under intellectual property licenses with third parties; |
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any delays in regulatory review and approval of product candidate LADAVRU in clinical development; |
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our ability to commercialize our product candidate LADAVRU; |
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market acceptance of our product candidate LADAVRU; |
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competition from existing products or new products that may emerge; |
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potential product liability claims; |
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our dependency on third-party manufacturers to supply or manufacture our product LADAVRU; |
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our ability to establish or maintain collaborations, licensing or other arrangements; |
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our ability and third parties’ abilities to protect intellectual property rights; |
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our ability to adequately support future growth; and |
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our ability to attract and retain key personnel to manage our business effectively. |
We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus in the case of forward- looking statements contained in this prospectus.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. We do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in any financing instruments, provisions of applicable law and other factors the board deems relevant.
Government Regulation
Government authorities in the United States at the federal, state and local levels, and in other countries, extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, quality control, approval, labeling, packaging, storage, record-keeping, promotion, advertising, distribution, marketing, export and import of products such as those we are developing.
A number of different regulatory agencies may be involved, depending on the product at issue, and the type and stage of activity. These include the FDA, the Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other federal agencies, state boards of pharmacy, state controlled substance agencies and more.
U.S. Government Regulation Drug Development Process
In the United States, the FDA is a primary regulator of drugs under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the FDCA, and implementing regulations. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and other compliance with applicable federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with applicable requirements at any time during the drug development process, approval process, or after approval, may subject us to adverse consequences and administrative or judicial sanctions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. These sanctions could include refusal to approve pending applications; withdrawal or restriction of an approval; imposition of a clinical hold or other limitation on research; Warning Letters; product seizures; total or partial suspension of development, production, or distribution; or injunctions, fines, disgorgement, or civil or criminal payments or penalty.
The process required before a drug may be marketed in the United States generally involves the following :
• completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal trials and formulation trials conducted according to Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, requirements, animal welfare laws and other applicable regulations; • submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before clinical trials, meaning trials in human subjects, may begin in the United States, obtaining similar authorizations in other jurisdictions where clinical research will be conducted and maintaining these authorizations on a continuing basis throughout the time that trials are performed and new data are collected; • performance of adequate and well-controlled clinical trials according to Good Clinical Practices, or GCP, requirements to demonstrate whether a proposed drug is safe and effective for its intended use; • preparation and submission to the FDA of a marketing authorization application, such as a new drug application, or NDA, and submitting similar marketing authorization applications in other jurisdictions where commercialization will be pursued; • satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the product will be produced to assess compliance with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, requirements to assure that the facilities, methods and controls are adequate to preserve the product’s identity, strength, quality and purity;
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FDA review and approval of the NDA or other marketing authorization application; and |
• The development, testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources and bears significant inherent risk that the individual products will not exhibit the relevant safety, effectiveness, or quality characteristics. We cannot be certain that any approvals for our product candidates will be granted on a timely basis, or with the specific terms that we desire, if at all.
Clinical trials typically are conducted in three sequential phases that may overlap or be combined :
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Phase 1. |
The drug initially is introduced into a small number of patients or human volunteers and information is collected pertaining to the drug’s safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination. These trials are designed to determine the metabolism and pharmacologic actions, side effects with increasing doses and if possible, early evidence of effectiveness.
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Phase 2. |
Clinical trials include controlled clinical studies initiated in a limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to preliminarily evaluate the effectiveness of the drug candidate for a particular indication in patients with the disease or condition under study, and to determine common short-term side effects and risks associated with the drug.
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Phase 3. |
Clinical trials are expanded and controlled trials undertaken to further evaluate dosage, clinical efficacy and safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites. These clinical trials are intended to gather additional information about effectiveness and safety that is needed to evaluate the overall benefit-risk profile of the drug candidate and provide an adequate basis for physician labeling and regulatory approval.
Progress reports r safety reports must be submitted to the FDA and to investigators for serious and unexpected suspected adverse events, and certain other purposes. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 testing may not be completed successfully within a specified period, if at all. The FDA or the sponsor may suspend a clinical trial at any time for a variety of reasons, including a finding that the healthy volunteers or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk or that the investigational product apparently lacks efficacy. Similarly, an institutional review board can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical trial at its institution if the clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with applicable requirements or if the drug candidate has been associated with unexpected serious harm to healthy volunteers or patients.
We estimate that it generally takes 15 to 17 years, or possibly longer, to discover, develop and bring to market a new pharmaceutical product in the United States. Several years may be needed to complete each phase, including discovery, preclinical, Phase 1, 2 or 3, or marketing authorization. At times during the development of a new drug product, sponsors are given opportunities to meet with the FDA. This commonly occurs prior to submission of an IND, at the end of Phase 2 testing, and before an NDA is submitted. Meetings at other times may also be requested. These meetings provide an opportunity for the sponsor to share information about the data gathered to date, for the FDA to provide advice, and for the sponsor and the FDA to reach agreement on the next phase of development. A plan for pediatric assessment also must be discussed at the end of the Phase 2 meeting. Concurrent with clinical trials, companies usually complete additional animal trials and develop additional information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug candidate and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities in accordance with cGMP requirements. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the drug candidate, and the manufacturer must develop methods for confirming the identity, quality, purity, and potency of the final products. Additionally, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability trials must be conducted to demonstrate that the drug candidate does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf-life and distribution pathway.
Disclosure of Clinical Trial Information
Sponsors of clinical trials (other than Phase 1 trials) of FDA-regulated products, including drugs, are required to register and disclose certain clinical trial information. Information related to the product, comparator, patient population, phase of investigation, trial sites and investigators and other aspects of the clinical trial is made public as part of the registration. Sponsors are also obligated to disclose the results of their clinical trials after completion. Disclosure of the results of certain trials may be delayed until the new product or new indication being studied has been approved. However, there are evolving rules and increasing requirements for publication of trial-related information, and it is possible that data and other information from trials involving drugs that never garner approval could in the future be required to be disclosed. In addition, publication policies of major medical journals mandate certain registration and disclosures as a precondition for potential publication, even when this is not presently mandated as a matter of law. Competitors may use this publicly available information to gain knowledge regarding the progress of development programs.
New Drug Application Review and Approval Processes
The results of drug candidate development, preclinical trials and clinical trials, along with descriptions of the manufacturing process, analytical tests conducted on the drug candidate, proposed labeling and other relevant information are submitted to the FDA as part of a new drug application, or NDA, requesting approval to market the drug candidate. The submission of an NDA is subject to the payment of a substantial user fee, and the sponsor of an approved NDA is also subject to annual product and establishment user fees; a waiver of fees may be obtained under limited circumstances.
The cost of preparing and submitting an NDA is substantial. Under federal law, NDAs are subject to substantial application user fees and the sponsor of an approved NDA is also subject to annual product and establishment user fees. Under PDUFA, each NDA must be accompanied by a user fee. The FDA adjusts the PDUFA user fees on an annual basis. According to the FDA’s fee schedule, effective through September 30, 2016, the user fee for each NDA application requiring clinical data is $2,374,200. PDUFA also imposes an annual product fee for drugs ($114,450), and an annual establishment fee ($585,200) on facilities used to manufacture prescription drugs. Fee waivers or reductions are available in certain circumstances, including a waiver of the application fee for the first application filed by a small business. Additionally, no user fees are assessed on NDAs for products designated as orphan drugs, unless the product also includes a non-orphan indication.
The FDA reviews each NDA to ensure that it is sufficiently complete for substantive review before it may be filed. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review. The FDA reviews an NDA to determine, among other things, whether a drug candidate is safe and effective for its intended use and indication for use, including use of a drug as a combination therapy, and whether its manufacturing is cGMP-compliant to assure and preserve the drug candidate’s identity, strength, quality and purity. The FDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee consisting of a panel of external experts for review and recommendation as to whether the NDA should be approved and under what conditions. Before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect the facility or facilities where the active ingredient and the formulated drug candidate are manufactured and tested.
The approval process is lengthy and difficult and the FDA may refuse to approve an NDA if the applicable criteria are not satisfied, or it may require additional clinical or other data. Even if such data are submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that the NDA does not satisfy the criteria for approval. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret data differently than we interpret the same data. The FDA will issue a Complete Response Letter if the agency decides not to approve the NDA in its present form. The deficiencies identified may be minor, for example, requiring labeling changes, or major, for example, requiring additional clinical trials. Additionally, the Complete Response Letter may include recommended actions that the applicant might take to place the application in a condition for approval. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be limited to specific diseases, dosages, or indications for use, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. Further, the FDA may require that certain contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling. In addition, the FDA may require post-approval trials, including Phase 4 clinical trials, to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval and may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products that have been commercialized.
Expedited Development and Review Programs
The FDA has various programs, including fast track, priority review, accelerated approval, and breakthrough therapy designation, that are intended to increase agency interactions, expedite or facilitate the process for reviewing drug candidates, and/or provide for initial approval on the basis of surrogate endpoints. We believe that LADAVRU® may qualify for some of these expedited development and review programs. Even if a drug candidate qualifies for one or more of these programs, the FDA may later decide that the drug candidate no longer meets the conditions for qualification. The Fast Track program is intended to expedite or facilitate the process for reviewing new drugs that meet certain criteria. Specifically, new drugs are eligible for Fast Track designation if they are intended to treat a serious or life-threatening condition and demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs for the condition. Fast Track designation applies to the combination of the product and the specific indication for which it is being studied. The sponsor of a new drug may request the FDA to designate the drug as a Fast Track product at any time during the clinical development of the product. Unique to a Fast Track product, the FDA may consider for review sections of the marketing application on a rolling basis before the complete application is submitted, if the sponsor provides a schedule for the submission of the sections of the application, the FDA agrees to accept sections of the application and determines that the schedule is acceptable, and the sponsor pays any required user fees upon submission of the first section of the application.
Any product submitted to the FDA for marketing, including under a Fast Track program, may be eligible for other types of FDA programs intended to expedite development and review, such as priority review and accelerated approval. Any product is eligible for priority review if it has the potential to provide safe and effective therapy where no satisfactory alternative therapy exists or a significant improvement in the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a disease compared to marketed products. The FDA will attempt to direct additional resources to the evaluation of an application for a new drug designated for priority review in an effort to facilitate the review. Additionally, a product may be eligible for accelerated approval. Drug candidates studied for their safety and effectiveness in treating serious or life-threatening illnesses and that provide meaningful therapeutic benefit over existing treatments may receive accelerated approval, which means that they may be approved on the basis of adequate and well-controlled clinical trials establishing that the product has an effect on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit, or on the basis of an effect on a clinical endpoint other than survival or irreversible morbidity.
As a condition of approval, the FDA may require that a sponsor of a drug receiving accelerated approval perform adequate and well-controlled postmarketing clinical studies. Failure to conduct required post-approval trials, or the inability to confirm a clinical benefit during post-marketing trials, may allow the FDA to withdraw the drug from the market on an expedited basis. In addition, the FDA presently requires as a condition for accelerated approval pre-approval of promotional materials, which could adversely impact the timing of the commercial launch of the product. Fast Track designation, priority review and accelerated approval do not change the standards for approval but may expedite the development or approval process. The Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act of 2012 also amended the FDCA to require FDA to expedite the development and review of a breakthrough therapy. A drug can be designated as a breakthrough therapy if it is intended to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that it may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints. A sponsor may request that a drug be designated as a breakthrough therapy at any time during the clinical development of the product. If so designated, FDA shall act to expedite the development and review of the product’s marketing application, including by meeting with the sponsor throughout the product’s development, providing timely advice to the sponsor to ensure that the development program to gather nonclinical and clinical data is as efficient as practicable, involving senior managers and experienced review staff in a cross-disciplinary review, assigning a cross-disciplinary project lead for the FDA review team to facilitate an efficient review of the development program and to serve as a scientific liaison between the review team and the sponsor, and taking steps to ensure that the design of the clinical trials is as efficient as practicable.
Post-Approval Requirements
Any products for which we may receive future FDA approval are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, recordkeeping requirements, reporting and analysis of adverse experiences with the product, providing the FDA with updated safety, efficacy and quality information, product sampling and distribution requirements, maintaining up-to- date labels, warnings, and contraindications, and complying with promotion and advertising requirements. Products may be promoted only for the approved indications and in accordance with the approved label; products cannot be promoted for unapproved, or off-label, uses, although physicians may prescribe drugs for off-label uses in accordance with the practice of medicine. Manufacturers must continue to comply with cGMP requirements, which are extensive and require considerable time, resources and ongoing investment to ensure compliance. In addition, changes to manufacturing processes often require prior FDA approval before being implemented and other types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications and additional labeling claims, are also subject to further FDA review and approval. In addition, the FDA may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the effect of approved products that have been commercialized, and the FDA has the power to prevent or limit further marketing of a product based on the results of these post-marketing programs. Manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacturing and distribution of approved products are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic inspections for compliance with cGMPs and other laws. FDA and state inspections may identify compliance issues at manufacturing that may disrupt production or distribution or may require substantial resources to correct.
Once an approval is granted, the FDA may withdraw the approval if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reaches the market, such as adverse events, the existence or severity of which was unknown when the product was approved. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product may result in restrictions on the product or complete withdrawal from the market.
Further, the failure to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements may result in administrative or judicial actions, such as fines, warning letters, holds on clinical trials, product recalls or seizures,product detention or refusal to permit the import or export of products, refusal to approve pending applications or supplements, restrictions on marketing or manufacturing, injunctions or civil or criminal payments or penalties. From time to time, new legislation is enacted that changes the statutory provisions governing the approval, manufacturing, and marketing of products regulated by the FDA. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance may be revised or reinterpreted by the agency in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. It is impossible to predict whether further legislative or regulatory or policy changes will occur or be implemented and what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.
Patent Term Restoration and Marketing Exclusivity
Depending upon the timing, duration, and specifics of FDA approval of the use of our drug candidates, some of our U.S. patents, if issued, may be eligible for limited patent term extension under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, referred to as the Hatch-Waxman Act. The HatchWaxman Act permits a patent term to be extended up to five years as compensation for patent term effectively lost due to the FDA’s pre-market approval requirements. However, patent term restoration cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the product’s approval date. The patent term restoration period is generally one-half the time between the effective date of an IND and the submission date of an NDA, plus the time between the submission date of an NDA and the approval of that application, except that the review period is reduced by any time during which the applicant failed to exercise due diligence. Only one patent applicable to an approved drug is eligible for the extension. Extensions are not granted as a matter of right and the extension must be applied for prior to expiration of the patent and within a 60 day period from the date the product is first approved for commercial marketing. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, in consultation with the FDA, reviews and approves the application for any patent term extension or restoration. Where a product contains multiple active ingredients, if any one active ingredient has not been previously approved, it can form the basis of an extension of patent term provided the patent claims that ingredient or the combination.
In the future, we may apply for patent term restoration for some of our presently owned patents to add patent life beyond their current expiration date, depending on the expected length of clinical trials and other factors involved in the submission of the relevant NDA; however, there can be no assurance that any such extension will be granted to us.
Market exclusivity provisions under the FDCA also can delay the submission or the approval of certain applications. The specific scope varies, but fundamentally the FDCA provides a five-year period of non-patent marketing exclusivity within the United States to the first applicant to gain approval of an NDA for a new chemical entity never previously approved by the FDA either alone or in combination. For a new chemical entity that was issued orphan drug designation, the FDCA provides marketing exclusivity for the “same drug” and “same indication” for a period of seven years. A drug is a new chemical entity if the FDA has not previously approved any other new drug containing the same active moiety, which is the compound responsible for the action of the drug substance. During the exclusivity period, the FDA may not accept for review an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA, or a 505(b)(2) NDA submitted by another company for another version of such drug where the applicant does not own or have a legal right of reference to all the data required for approval. However, an application may be submitted after four years if it contains a certification of patent invalidity or non-infringement. The FDCA also provides three years of marketing exclusivity for an NDA, 505(b)(2) NDA, or supplement to an existing NDA if new clinical investigations, other than bioavailability trials, that were conducted or sponsored by the applicant are deemed by the FDA to be essential to the approval of the application, for example, for new indications, dosages, or strengths of an existing drug. This three-year exclusivity covers only the conditions associated with the new clinical investigations and does not prohibit the FDA from approving ANDAs for drugs containing the original active agent. Five-year and three-year exclusivity will not delay the submission or approval of a full NDA. However, an applicant submitting a full NDA would be required to conduct or obtain a right of reference to all of the preclinical trials and adequate and well controlled clinical trials necessary to demonstrate safety and effectiveness.
Pediatric Information and Exclusivity
Under the FDCA, NDAs and certain supplements to NDAs must contain data adequate to assess the safety and effectiveness of the drug for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations and to support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the drug is safe and effective. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, or FDASIA, which was signed into law on July 9, 2012, amended the FDCA. FDASIA requires that a sponsor who is planning to submit a marketing application for a drug or biological product that includes a new active ingredient, new indication, new dosage form, new dosing regimen or new route of administration submit an initial Pediatric Study Plan, or PSP, within 60 days of an end-of-phase 2 meeting or as may be agreed between the sponsor and the FDA. The initial PSP must include an outline of the pediatric study or studies that the sponsor plans to conduct, including study objectives and design, age groups, relevant endpoints and statistical approach, or a justification for not including such detailed information, and any request for a deferral of pediatric assessments or a full or partial waiver of the requirement to provide data from pediatric studies along with supporting information. The FDA and the sponsor must reach agreement on the PSP. A sponsor can submit amendments to an agreed-upon initial PSP at any time if changes to the pediatric plan need to be considered based on data collected from nonclinical studies, early phase clinical trials, and/or other clinical development programs.
Orphan Drug Designation
Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drug candidates intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or more than 200,000 individuals in the United States and for which there is no reasonable expectation that cost of research and development of the drug for the indication can be recovered by sales of the drug in the United States. Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After the FDA grants orphan drug designation, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA. Although there may be some increased communication opportunities, orphan drug designation does not convey any advantage in or shorten the duration of the regulatory review and approval process.
If a drug candidate that has orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first FDA approval for the disease for which it has such designation, the product is entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which means that the FDA may not approve any other applications to market the same drug for the same indication for seven years, except in very limited circumstances, such as if the second applicant demonstrates the clinical superiority of its product. Orphan drug exclusivity does not prevent the FDA from approving a different drug for the same disease or condition, or the same drug for a different disease or condition. Among the other benefits of orphan drug designation are tax credits for certain research and a waiver of the NDA application user fee. Orphan drug exclusivity could block the approval of our drug candidates for seven years if a competitor obtains approval of the same product as defined by the FDA or if our drug candidate is determined to be contained within the competitor’s product for the same indication or disease.
The Orphan Products Grants Program in the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products Development, with an annual budget of approximately $14.0 million, supports clinical development of products including drugs, biologics, medical devices and medical foods for use in rare diseases and conditions where no therapy exists or where the proposed product will be superior to the existing therapy. This program provides grants for clinical studies on safety and/or effectiveness that will either result in, or substantially contribute to, market approval of these products.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the approval, manufacturing and marketing of drug products. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the agency or reviewing courts in ways that may significantly affect our business and development of our product candidates and any products that we may commercialize. It is impossible to predict whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations changed, or what the impact of any such changes may be. Federal budget uncertainties or spending reductions may reduce the capabilities of the FDA, extend the duration of required regulatory reviews, and reduce the availability of clinical research grants.
As in the United States, we may apply for designation of a drug candidate as an orphan drug for the treatment of a specific indication in the European Union before the application for marketing authorization is made. Orphan drugs in the European Union enjoy economic and marketing benefits, including up to 10 years of market exclusivity for the approved indication unless another applicant can show that its product is safer, more effective or otherwise clinically superior to the orphan designated product.
The FDA and foreign regulators expect holders of exclusivity for orphan drugs to assure the availability of sufficient quantities of their orphan drugs to meet the needs of patients. Failure to do so could result in the withdrawal of marketing exclusivity for the orphan drug.
Pharmaceutical Coverage, Pricing, and Reimbursement
United States
Even if the FDA approves NDAs for our drug candidates, sales of our products will depend, in part, on the availability of coverage and reimbursement by third-party payors, such as government health programs, commercial or private insurance, and managed care organizations. The process for determining whether a payor will provide coverage for a drug product may be separate from the process for setting the reimbursement rate that the payor will pay for the drug product. Third-party payors may limit coverage to specific drug products on an approved list, or formulary, which might not include all of the FDA-approved drugs for a particular indication. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drug product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Adequate third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment in product development.
The marketability of any products for which we receive regulatory approval for commercial sale may suffer if the government and third-party payors fail to provide adequate coverage and reimbursement. In addition, an increasing emphasis on cost containment measures in the United States has increased and we expect will continue to increase the pressure on pharmaceutical pricing. Coverage policies and third-party reimbursement rates may change at any time. Even if favorable coverage and reimbursement status is attained for one or more products for which we receive regulatory approval, less favorable coverage policies and reimbursement rates may be implemented in the future.
European Union
In Europe and many other foreign countries, the success of our drug candidates we may develop depends largely on obtaining and maintaining government reimbursement, because in many foreign countries patients are unlikely to use prescription pharmaceutical products that are not reimbursed by their governments. Negotiating reimbursement rates in foreign countries can delay the commercialization of a pharmaceutical product and generally results in a reimbursement rate that is lower than the net price that companies can obtain for the same product in the United States.
In some countries, such as Germany, commercial sales of a product can begin while the reimbursement rate that a company will receive in future periods is under discussion. In other countries, a company must complete the reimbursement discussions prior to the commencement of commercial sales of the pharmaceutical product. The requirements governing drug pricing vary widely from country to country. For example, the European Union provides options for its member states to restrict the range of drugs for which their national health insurance systems provide reimbursement and to control the prices of drugs for human use. A member state may approve a specific price for the drug or it may instead adopt a system of direct or indirect controls on the profitability of the company placing the drug on the market. Recently, many countries in the European Union have increased the amount of discounts required on pharmaceuticals and these efforts could continue as countries attempt to manage healthcare expenditures, especially in light of the severe fiscal and debt crises experienced by many countries in the European Union. There can be no assurance that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations for pharmaceutical products will allow favorable reimbursement and pricing arrangements for any of our products, if approved in those countries.
Other U.S. Healthcare Laws and Compliance Requirements
Pharmaceutical companies also are subject to various federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and false claims laws, and the reporting of payments to physicians and teaching hospitals. In addition, we may be subject to patient privacy regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, collectively, PPACA, was enacted, which includes measures that have or will significantly change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. Among the provisions of PPACA of greatest importance to the biopharmaceutical industry are the following:
• The Medicaid Drug Rebate Program requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to enter into and have in effect a national rebate agreement with the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, a condition for states to receive federal matching funds for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs furnished to Medicaid patients. Effective in 2010, PPACA made several changes to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, including increasing pharmaceutical manufacturers’ rebate liability by raising the minimum basic Medicaid rebate on most branded prescription drugs and biologic agents from 15.1% of average manufacturer price, or AMP, to 23.1% of AMP and adding a new rebate calculation for “line extensions” (i.e., new formulations, such as extended release formulations) of solid oral dosage forms of branded products, as well as potentially impacting their rebate liability by modifying the statutory definition of AMP. PPACA also expanded the universe of Medicaid utilization subject to drug rebates by requiring pharmaceutical manufacturers to pay rebates on Medicaid managed care utilization as of 2010 and by expanding the population potentially eligible for Medicaid drug benefits, to be phased-in by 2014. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, have proposed to expand Medicaid rebate liability to the territories of the United States as well. In addition, PPACA provides for the public availability of retail survey prices and certain weighted average AMPs under the Medicaid program. The implementation of this requirement by the CMS may also provide for the public availability of pharmacy acquisition of cost data, which could negatively impact our sales.
• In order for a pharmaceutical product to receive federal reimbursement under the Medicare Part B and Medicaid programs or to be sold directly to U.S. government agencies, the manufacturer must extend discounts to entities eligible to participate in the 340B drug pricing program. The required 340B discount on a given product is calculated based on the AMP and Medicaid rebate amounts reported by the manufacturer. Effective in 2010, PPACA expanded the types of entities eligible to receive discounted 340B pricing, although, under the present state of the law, with the exception of children’s hospitals, these newly eligible entities will not be eligible to receive discounted 340B pricing on orphan drugs when used for the orphan indication. In addition, as 340B drug pricing is determined based on AMP and Medicaid rebate data, the revisions to the Medicaid rebate formula and AMP definition described above could cause the required 340B discount to increase.
• Effective in 2011, PPACA imposed a requirement on manufacturers of branded drugs and biologic agents to provide a 50% discount off the negotiated price of branded drugs dispensed to Medicare Part D patients in the coverage gap ( i.e. , “donut hole”).
• Effective in 2011, PPACA imposed an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned among these entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs, although this fee would not apply to sales of certain products approved exclusively for orphan indications.
• As part of efforts to further transparency of payments made by pharmaceutical companies to physicians, PPACA required manufacturers to track certain financial arrangements with physicians and teaching hospitals, including any “transfer of value” made or distributed to such entities, as well as any investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Manufacturers were required to begin reporting this information to CMS beginning in 2014. Annual reporting is required and records of payments are publicly available for review on the CMS website.
• As of 2010, a new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute was established pursuant to PPACA to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, along with funding for such research. The research conducted by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute may affect the market for certain pharmaceutical products.
• PPACA created the Independent Payment Advisory Board, or IPAB, which has authority to recommend certain changes to the Medicare program to reduce expenditures by the program that could result in reduced payments for prescription drugs. However, the IPAB implementation has been not been clearly defined. PPACA provided that under certain circumstances, IPAB recommendations will become law unless Congress enacts legislation that will achieve the same or greater Medicare cost savings.
• PPACA established the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation within CMS to test innovative payment and service delivery models to lower Medicare and Medicaid spending, potentially including prescription drug spending. Funding has been allocated to support the mission of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation from 2011 to 2019.
Anti-kickback Laws
U.S. federal laws, including the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, prohibit fraud and abuse involving state and federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. These laws are interpreted broadly and enforced aggressively by various federal agencies, including CMS, the Department of Justice, and the Office of Inspector General for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, and various state agencies. These anti-kickback laws prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting, receiving, or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, arranging for, or recommending of an item or service that is reimbursable, in whole or in part, by a federal healthcare program. Remuneration is broadly defined to include anything of value, such as cash payments, gifts or gift certificates, discounts, or the furnishing of services, supplies, or equipment. The anti-kickback laws are broad and prohibit many arrangements and practices that are lawful in businesses outside of the healthcare and biopharmaceutical industry. A person or entity need not have actual knowledge of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.
The penalties for violating the anti-kickback laws can be severe. The sanctions include criminal and civil penalties, and possible exclusion from the federal healthcare programs. Many states have adopted laws similar to the federal anti-kickback laws, and some apply to items and services reimbursable by any payor, including third-party payors.
Federal and State Prohibitions on False Claims
The federal False Claims Act imposes liability on any person or entity that, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment under federal programs (including Medicare and Medicaid). Under the False Claims Act, a person acts knowingly if he has actual knowledge of the information or acts in deliberate ignorance or in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information. Although we would not submit claims directly to government payors, manufacturers can be held liable under the False Claims Act if they are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims by, for example, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers or promoting a product off-label. In addition, our future activities relating to the reporting of wholesaler or estimated retail prices for our products, the reporting of prices used to calculate Medicaid rebate information and other information affecting federal, state, and third-party reimbursement for our products, and the sale and marketing of our products, are subject to scrutiny under this law.
Provisions of the False Claims Act allow a private individual to bring an action on behalf of the federal government and to share in any amounts paid by the defendant to the government in connection with the action. The number of filings under these provisions has increased significantly in recent years. Conduct that violates the False Claims Act may also lead to exclusion from the federal healthcare programs. In addition, various states have enacted similar laws modeled after the False Claims Act that apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state healthcare programs, and, in several states, such laws apply to claims submitted to all payers.
Federal Prohibitions on Healthcare Fraud and False Statements Related to Healthcare Matters
There are numerous federal and state laws protecting the privacy and security of protected health information. Additionally, a number of related crimes can be prosecuted related to healthcare fraud, false statements relating to healthcare matters, theft or embezzlement in connection with a health benefit program, and obstruction of criminal investigation of healthcare offenses. The healthcare fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including a private insurer. Violation of any of these laws is a felony and may result in fines or exclusion from the federal healthcare programs.
Physician Payment Sunshine Act
The Physician Payment Sunshine Act requires most pharmaceutical manufacturers to report annually to the Secretary of HHS any and all financial arrangements, payments, or other transfers of value made by that entity to physicians and teaching hospitals. The payment information is made publicly available in a searchable format on a CMS website. Over the next several years, we will need to dedicate significant resources to establish and maintain systems and processes in order to comply with these regulations. Failure to comply with the reporting requirements can result in significant civil monetary penalties. Similar laws have been enacted or are under consideration in foreign jurisdictions, including France which has adopted the Loi Bertrand , or French Sunshine Act, which became effective in 2013.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act prohibits U.S. companies and their representatives from offering, promising, authorizing, or making payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business abroad. In many countries, the healthcare professionals we regularly interact with may meet the definition of a foreign government official for purposes of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
Other Regulations
In addition to the statutes and regulations described above, we also are subject to regulation in the United States under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and other federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations, now or hereafter in effect.
Foreign Regulation
In addition to regulations in the United States, we are subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing clinical trials, distribution, and future commercial sales of our products. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a drug candidate, we must obtain approval by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries or economic areas, such as the European Union, before we can commence clinical trials or market products in those countries or areas. The approval process and requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from place to place, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval.
Under European Union regulatory systems, a company may submit marketing authorization applications either under a centralized or decentralized procedure. The centralized procedure, which is compulsory for medicines produced by biotechnology or those medicines intended to treat AIDS, cancer, neurodegeneration, or diabetes and optional for those medicines that are highly innovative, provides for the grant of a single marketing authorization that is valid for all European Union member states. The decentralized procedure provides for approval by one or more “concerned” member states based on an assessment of an application performed by one member state, known as the “reference” member state. Under the decentralized approval procedure, an applicant submits an application, or dossier, and related materials to the reference member state and concerned member states. The reference member state prepares a draft assessment and drafts of the related materials within 120 days after receipt of a valid application. Within 90 days of receiving the reference member state’s assessment report, each concerned member state must decide whether or not to approve the assessment report and related materials. If a member state does not recognize the marketing authorization, the disputed points are eventually referred to the European Commission, whose decision is binding on all member states.
We have not paid dividends to date and do not intend to pay any dividends in the near future.
We have never paid dividends on our common stock and presently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operations of our business. You may never receive any dividends on our shares.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
The Company maintains its corporate office at 1801 Century Park East., 24th Floor Los Angeles, California 90067 Such office is solely for the purpose of maintaining a physical presence to receive correspondence and it is at no cost.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Holders
As of December 31, 2016, we had 13,872,000 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock issued and outstanding. The Transfer Agent for our common stock is Direct Transfer, LLC, 500 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite D Morrisville, NC 27560. Its telephone number is 919-481-4000
.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon then existing conditions, including our financial condition and results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors that the board of directors considers relevant.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Since our most recent quarterly report for the period ended Sept 30, 2016, we have had no additional sales of unregistered securities with the following exceptions:
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those set forth under the Section entitled "Risk Factors", and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.
Overview
We are an innovative preclinical biopharmaceutical company committed to the discovery development, manufacturing and commercializing LADAVRU® and biosimilars. Our product candidate LADAVRU® focuses on Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy; our goals consist of primarily serving readily identifiable patient populations suffering from Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapy drugs designed to disrupt the DNA of, and eventually destroy, targeted cancer cells. They are the most effective anticancer drugs developed and are used to treat a range of cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, and breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers.
Recent Developments
Trademark applications
On Fri, 8 Sep 2017 we filed trademark applications covering:
HOVERINK BIOTECHNOLOGIES SERIAL NUMBER '87601475' specifically for conducting early evaluations in the field of new pharmaceuticals; consulting services in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceutical research and development and genetic science, laboratory testing, diagnostics, and pharmacogenetics; development of pharmaceutical preparations and medicines; laboratory research services relating to pharmaceuticals; pharmaceutical products development; research and development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields; research and development of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of age-related diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, mental illnesses, neurodegenerative diseases and;
LADAVRU ® SERIAL NUMBER '87601498' covering Pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of gastrointestinal and oncological diseases and disorders.
We intend to submit patent applications for formulation, synthetic process and reconstitution related to our LADAVRU® drug product candidate, although there is no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining such patent protection. Independently from potential patent protection, we believe LADAVRU® will qualify for Orphan Drug status, which could entitle us to market exclusivity of up to 7 and 10 years from the date of approval of a New Drug Application (NDA) and Marketing Authorization (MA), in the US and the European Union (EU), respectively. However, there can be no assurance that such status will be granted. Separately, the FDA may also grant market exclusivity of up to five years for newly approved new chemical entities (of which LADAVRU® would be one), but there can be no assurance that such exclusivity will be granted or, if granted, for how long.
Financial Overview
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our audited financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of the financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenue generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be material. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management's judgments and estimates.
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values. These financial instruments include cash and accounts payable. Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for cash and accounts payable because they are short term in nature.
FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820 “ Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ” (ASC 820) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
● |
Level 1 : The preferred inputs to valuation efforts are “quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities,” with the caveat that the reporting entity must have access to that market. Information at this level is based on direct observations of transactions involving the same assets and liabilities, not assumptions, and thus offers superior reliability. However, relatively few items, especially physical assets, actually trade in active markets. |
● |
Level 2 : FASB acknowledged that active markets for identical assets and liabilities are relatively uncommon and, even when they do exist, they may be too thin to provide reliable information. To deal with this shortage of direct data, the board provided a second level of inputs that can be applied in three situations. |
● |
Level 3 : If inputs from levels 1 and 2 are not available, FASB acknowledges that fair value measures of many assets and liabilities are less precise. The board describes Level 3 inputs as “unobservable,” and limits their use by saying they “shall be used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available.” This category allows “for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date”. Earlier in the standard, FASB explains that “observable inputs” are gathered from sources other than the reporting company and that they are expected to reflect assumptions made by market participants. |
Fair value measurements discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of and during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. The respective carrying value of cash and accounts payable approximated their fair values as they are short term in nature.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We do not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. We evaluate all of our financial instruments, including issued stock purchase warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the Statement of Operations. Depending on the features of the derivative financial instrument, we use either the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or a binomial model to value the derivative instruments at inception and subsequent valuation dates. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period.
Stock Based Compensation Issued to Nonemployees
Common stock issued to non-employees for acquiring goods or providing services is recognized at fair value when the goods are obtained or over the service period. If the award contains performance conditions, the measurement date of the award is the earlier of the date at which a commitment for performance by the non-employee is reached or the date at which performance is reached. A performance commitment is reached when performance by the non-employee is probable because of sufficiently large disincentives for nonperformance.
Research and Development
We expense the cost of research and development as incurred. Research and development expenses comprise costs incurred in funding research and development activities, license fees, and other external costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity is performed or when the goods have been received, rather than when payment is made, in accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based upon the difference between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate applicable when the related asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability each period. If available evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Future changes in such valuation allowance are included in the provision for deferred income taxes in the period of change.
Deferred income taxes may arise from temporary differences resulting from income and expense items reported for financial accounting and tax purposes in different periods. Deferred taxes are classified as current or non-current, depending on the classification of assets and liabilities to which they relate. Deferred taxes arising from temporary differences that are not related to an asset or liability are classified as current or non-current depending on the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
We apply a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties, which only allows the recognition of those tax benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. As of November 30, 2016, we reviewed our tax positions and determined there were no outstanding, or retroactive tax positions with less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, therefore this standard has not had a material effect on us.
Our policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits is to record such expense as a component of income tax expense. There were no amounts accrued for penalties or interest during the years ended December 31, 2016. Management is currently unaware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviations from its position.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern that will require management to evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statements are issued on both an interim and annual basis. Management will be required to provide certain footnote disclosures if it concludes that substantial doubt exists or when its plans alleviate substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . This new standard clarifies certain aspects of the statement of cash flows, including the classification of debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees and beneficial interests in securitization transactions. This new standard also clarifies that an entity should determine each separately identifiable source of use within the cash receipts and payments on the basis of the nature of the underlying cash flows. In situations in which cash receipts and payments have aspects of more than one class of cash flows and cannot be separated by source or use, the appropriate classification should depend on the activity that is likely to be the predominant source or use of cash flows for the item.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The following documents (pages F-1 to F-10) form part of the report on the Financial Statements
PAGE |
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (fiscal year ended in 2015-16) |
F-1 |
Balance Sheets |
F-2 |
Statements of Operations |
F-3 |
Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
|
Statements of Cash Flows |
F-5 |
Notes to Financial Statements |
F-6 |
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
We have not had any disagreements with our accountants or auditors that would need to be disclosed pursuant to Item 304 of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933.
We intend to maintain a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer (who is also our acting chief financial officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. As a result of this evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective for the period ended December 31, 2016, due to the following:
1. |
Lack of Segregation of Duties: Management is aware that there is a lack of segregation of accounting duties as a result of limited personnel. |
2. |
Lack of Functioning Audit Committee: We do not have an Audit Committee; our board of directors currently acts as our Audit Committee. We do not have an independent director and out current director is not considered a “Financial Expert,” within the meaning of Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. |
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and acting principal financial officer and effected by the our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:
1. |
Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; |
2. |
Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and |
3. |
Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
As of December 31, 2016, management has not completed a proper evaluation, risk assessment and monitoring of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting based on the 2013 Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) framework. Management concluded that, during the period covered by this report, that our internal controls and procedures were not effective to detect the inappropriate application of US GAAP. Management identified the following material weaknesses set forth below in our internal control over financial reporting.
1. |
We lack the necessary corporate accounting resources to maintain adequate segregation of duties. We currently rely heavily our CEO and President, for almost every key financial duty and he has access to materially all of our financial information. Such a lack of segregation of duties is typical in a company with limited resources. Although the Company’s CEO and Board of Directors review the financial statements and would most likely discover any misappropriation of funds, this cannot be assured by the existing system. |
2. |
We do not have a formal audit committee: our board of directors currently acts as our Audit Committee. We do not have an independent director and our current director is not considered a “Financial Expert,” within the meaning of Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. |
3. |
The Company did not perform a proper evaluation, risk assessment or monitor their internal controls over financial reporting. |
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.
Our company’s Management concluded that in light of the material weakness described above, our company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 based on the criteria set forth in the 2013 framework issued by COSO.
Implemented or Planned Remedial Actions in response to the Material Weaknesses
Our management believes the lack of a functioning Audit Committee has not had a material effect on our financial results. Our present management will continue to address our need for additional financial personnel and other independent members for our Board of Directors and identify an “expert” for the Audit Committee to advise other members with regard to accounting and reporting procedures.
We will continue to strive to correct the above noted weakness in internal control once we have adequate funds to do so. When funds become are available, we will be able to appoint a qualified independent director. Appointing a financial expert to serve on our Audit Committee will improve the overall performance of Company’s controls over our financial reporting.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal year ended November 30, 2016, that have materially affected, or reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
The Company’s management, including the chief executive officer and acting principal financial officer, do not expect that its disclosure controls or internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. In addition, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not Applicable
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following table sets forth information with respect to persons who are serving as directors and officers of the Company. Each director holds office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until his successor has been elected and qualified.
Name and Principal Position |
Year | Salary($) |
Option Awards
($) (1)
|
Total ($) |
|||||||||
Debbie Carter, Chief Executive Officer, CFO |
|||||||||||||
2015 |
0 | ---- | 0 | ||||||||||
2016 |
0 | ---- | 0 | ||||||||||
Cyrus Sajna, Vice President and Chief Operating Officer |
2015 |
0 | ---- | 0 | |||||||||
2016 |
0 | ---- | 0 | ||||||||||
Davidra Sajna, Chairman and President |
2015 |
---- | ---- | ---- | |||||||||
2016 |
---- | ---- | ---- |
MANAGEMENT
Debbie Mae Carter
Ms. Debbie Mae Carter serves as the Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer and a director of the Company. Ms. Carter currently works as Managing member of Hoverink Opportunities Fund, LP a Delaware Private Equity Fund. Debbie Mae Carter is the Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of the General Partner of Hoverink Capital Management. Ms. Carter has 15 years of experience in the financial services and investment banking industries. Ms. Carter currently works with Equinox Securities, an advisory firm founded in 2008, as an account manager. She holds the Series 7, the Series 63 and insurance licenses. In the financial services industry, Ms. Carter has a strong focus on managing assets and has advised and managed small business portfolios as well as teaching financial continuing education classes at local universities. Ms. Carter has a Bachelor of Science from TSU. In addition, Ms. Carter completed four years education at Westbrook University and two years internship to become a licensed Naturopathic Doctor.
Davidra Sajna
Ms. Davidra Sajna serves as a Chairman of the Board of Directors. She attended Texas State University at San Marcos, Texas and Austin Community College and received her Associates of Science Degree in Business Administration. Mrs. Sajna has worked with Hoverink, the private company since its founding.
Cyrus Sajna
Cyrus Sajna is Founder of Hoverink. Mr. Cyrus Sajna is a managing member and Chief Operating Officer of Hoverink Opportunities Fund, LP a Delaware Private Equity Fund and is a Managing Member of Hoverink Capital Management. He attended Chicago State University 2000-2004 as a biology Pre Medical matriculate with interest in cardiology. He also has experienced trading seminars on the Floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. This CME open outcry training opportunity changed his life. The privately held firm located within the Chicago Mercantile Exchange taught him Open Outcry trading of the S&P 500 which did in fact open the proverbial eyes of his true capabilities.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Our directors do not receive any stated salary for their services as directors or members of committees of the board of directors, but by resolution of the board, a fixed fee may be allowed for attendance at each meeting. Directors may also serve the Company in other capacities as an officer, agent or otherwise, and may receive compensation for their services in such other capacity. No such fees have been paid to any director since incorporation. Reasonable travel expenses are reimbursed.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2016, certain information regarding the ownership of our common stock by (i) each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock, (ii) each of our directors, (iii) our Principal Executive Officer and (iv) all of our executive officers and directors as a group. Beneficial ownership, for purposes of this table, includes options to purchase common stock that are either currently exercisable or will be exercisable within 60 days of the date of this annual report.
We do not have common stock or equity subject to outstanding options or warrants to purchase or securities convertible into our common stock or equity. Also, 64% of our outstanding common stock is held by our board of directors
Name |
Number of Shares of Common Stock
|
Percent of Class before Offering (1) |
Percent of Class After Offering (2) |
|||||||||
Debbie Mae Carter |
9,440,000 | 19 | % | 17 | % | |||||||
Cyrus Sajna & Davidra Nicole Sajna Trust (1) (2) |
3,480,000 | 25 | % | 23 | % | |||||||
Davidra Nicole Sajna |
9,740,000 | 20 | % | 18 | % | |||||||
William Neil Gallagher |
2,960,000 | 14 | % | 7 | % | |||||||
Victor Sapphire |
740,000 | 5.3 | % | 0 | % | |||||||
James Mckillop |
250,000 | 1.8 | % | 0 | % | |||||||
James Cassidy |
250,000 | 1.8 | % | 0 | % | |||||||
Save our Children |
200,000 | 1.5 | % | 0 | % | |||||||
Health and Charity Outreach* |
25,000 | 0.17 | % | 0 | % | |||||||
Cyrus Sajna |
8,200,000 | 17 | % | 17 | % | |||||||
All Officers and directors as a group (3 persons) |
35,285,000 | 86.9 | % | 86.9 | % |
Ms. Debbie Carter, our chief executive officer (9,440,000). In general, under Rule 144, a holder of restricted common shares who is an affiliate at the time of the sale or any time during the three months preceding the sale can resell shares, subject to the restrictions described below.
(1) |
Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna are both trustees and beneficiaries and are deemed the beneficial indirect owners of shares held by The Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna Revocable Living Trust (2012) under Rule 13d-3; |
(2) |
Item 403 of Regulation S-K under Rule 13d-3; we disclose that the beneficial owner of the shares held by The Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna Revocable Living Trust (2012) are both Cyrus Sajna and Davidra Sajna |
(3) |
* Means less than (1) percent |
(4) |
Debbie Mae Carter is beneficial owner of Save our Children |
(5) |
William Neil Gallagher is beneficial owner of Health and Charity Outreach |
If we become a public reporting company under the Exchange Act for at least 90 days immediately before the sale, then at least six months must have elapsed since those shares were acquired from us or an affiliate, and we must remain current in our filings for an additional period of six months; in all other cases, at least one year must have elapsed since the shares were acquired from us or an affiliate.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
We have not entered into consulting agreements with certain management personnel and stockholders for consulting and legal services.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth fees billed to us by our independent auditors for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 for (i) services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of our quarterly financial statements, (ii) services rendered that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements that are not reported as Audit Fees, and (iii) services rendered in connection with tax preparation, compliance, advice and assistance.
SERVICES |
2016 |
2015 |
||||||
Audit fees |
$ | 2,625 | $ | 11,190 | ||||
Audit-related fees |
2,000 | 2,000 | ||||||
Tax fees |
0 | 0 | ||||||
All other fees |
0 | 0 | ||||||
Total fees |
$ | 4,625 | $ | 13,190 |
Audit fees and audit related fees represent amounts billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of our interim financial statements. Before our independent accountants were engaged to render these services, their engagement was approved by our Directors.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULE
The following exhibits are filed as part of this registration statement. Exhibit numbers correspond to the exhibit requirements of Regulation S-K.
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
3.1 |
||
3.2 |
||
3.3 |
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated Sept 8 2017. |
|
31 |
||
32 |
[AUDITORS REPORT]
HOVERINK BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
||||
Formerly Known As |
||||
HOVERINK INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. |
||||
Balance Sheets |
(Audited) |
(Audited) |
|||||||
For The |
For The |
|||||||
Year Ended |
Year Ended |
|||||||
December 31, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2016 |
2015 |
|||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current Assets |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 50 | $ | - | ||||
Total Current assets |
50 | - | ||||||
Notes receivable |
- | - | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 50 | $ | - | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT |
||||||||
Current Liabilities |
||||||||
Bank overdraft |
$ | - | $ | 3 | ||||
Accounts payable |
118,515 | 24,290 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
- | - | ||||||
Note payable-related parties |
154,653 | 120,214 | ||||||
Total Current Liabilities |
273,169 | 144,507 | ||||||
Long Term Liabilities |
||||||||
Note payable-related party |
- | - | ||||||
Total Liabilities |
273,169 | 144,507 | ||||||
Shareholders' Deficit |
||||||||
Additional paid in capital |
1,407 | 1,407 | ||||||
Discount on Common Stock |
(1,387 | ) | (1,387 | ) | ||||
Common Stock $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 13,872,000 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and 36,772,000 issued and outstanding at September 31, 2017 |
1,387 | 1,387 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(274,526 | ) | (145,914 | ) | ||||
Total Shareholders' deficit |
(273,119 | ) | (144,507 | ) | ||||
Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
$ | 50.00 | $ | - |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements |
HOVERINK BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
|||
Formerly Known As |
|||
HOVERINK INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. |
|||
Statements of Operation |
(Audited) |
(Audited) |
|||||||
For The |
For The |
|||||||
Year Ended |
Year Ended |
|||||||
December 31, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2016 |
2015 |
|||||||
Revenue |
||||||||
Services |
$ | - | $ | - | ||||
Total Revenue |
- | - | ||||||
Cost of Goods sold |
- | - | ||||||
Gross profit |
- | - | ||||||
Operating Expenses |
||||||||
General and administrative |
122,659 | 142,602 | ||||||
Travel and entertainment |
5,952 | 1,905 | ||||||
Office occupancy |
- | - | ||||||
Total Operating Expenses |
128,611 | 144,507 | ||||||
Income from operations |
(128,611 | ) | (144,507 | ) | ||||
Other income (expense) |
||||||||
Interest expense |
- | - | ||||||
Other income |
||||||||
Total other income (expense) |
- | - | ||||||
Net Income |
$ | (128,611 | ) | $ | (144,507 | ) | ||
Basic and diluted net loss per share |
$ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | ||
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing net loss per share |
13,872,000 | 13,872,000 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements |
HOVERINK BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
||
Formerly Known As |
||
HOVERINK INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. |
||
Statements of Cash Flow |
(Audited) |
(Audited) |
|||||||
For The |
For The |
|||||||
Year Ended |
Year Ended |
|||||||
December 31, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2016 |
2015 |
|||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (128,611 | ) | $ | (144,507 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used by operating activities: |
||||||||
Stock issued for services |
- | 11 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
Notes receivable |
(50 | ) | - | |||||
Accounts payable |
94,225 | 24,290 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
- | - | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
(34,436 | ) | (120,206 | ) | ||||
Investing Activites: |
||||||||
- | - | |||||||
Net cash used in investing activites |
- | - | ||||||
Financing Activities: |
||||||||
Notes Payable |
34,439 | 120,214 | ||||||
Common stock Redeemed |
(2,000 | ) | ||||||
Common stock issued as founder shares |
1,376 | |||||||
Discount on common stock |
613 | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
34,439 | 120,204 | ||||||
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH |
3 | (3 | ) | |||||
Cash at beginning of period |
(3 | ) | - | |||||
Cash at end of period |
$ | 0 | $ | (3 | ) | |||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
||||||||
Cash paid for interest |
$ | - | $ | - | ||||
Cash paid for taxes |
$ | - | $ | - |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements
Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc.
Formerly Known As |
HOVERINK INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. |
Notes To The Financial Statements
NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
We are an innovative preclinical biopharmaceutical company committed to the discovery development, manufacturing and commercializing LADAVRU® and biosimilars. Our product candidate LADAVRU® focuses on Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy; our goals consist of primarily serving readily identifiable patient populations suffering from Cancer, Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis ascites, AIDS, and chronic pain, nausea and discomfort associated with chemotherapy particularly for patients using anthracyclines with the intention of targeting the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapy drugs designed to disrupt the DNA of, and eventually destroy, targeted cancer cells. They are the most effective anticancer drugs developed and are used to treat a range of cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, and breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers
Corporate Information
On September 8th, 2017, “Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation, (the “ Company ”), with the approval of its board of directors and shareholders owning a majority of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares by written consent in lieu of a meeting, filed a Certificate of Change (the “ Certificate of Change ”) with the Secretary of State of Delaware.
As a result of the Certificate of Change, the Company will be changing its name to “Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc.”, effective as of September 11, 2017.
In February 2015, the Company implemented a change of control by issuing shares to new shareholders, redeeming shares of existing shareholders, electing new officers and directors and accepting the resignations of its then existing officers and directors. In connection with the change of control, the shareholders of the Company and its board of directors unanimously approved the change of the Company’s name from Sky Run Acquisition Corporation to Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc. Prior to this the company was a shell as defined in Rule 405.
We were incorporated in Delaware in July 2013 as Skyrun Acquistion Corporation. Our principal executive offices are located at 1801 Century Park E., 24th Floor Los Angeles, California 90067:866-443-4666
Our website address is in beta at https://hoverinkbiotech.yolasite.com/. We do not incorporate the information on or accessible through our website into this prospectus, and you should not consider any information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this prospectus. ‘
Going Concern
The Company’s financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has not yet established a stable ongoing source of revenues sufficient to cover its operating costs and allow it to continue as a going concern. The continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon the continued financial support from its shareholders, the ability of the Company to obtain necessary financing to sustain operations and the attainment of profitable operations. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $274,526 and 145,914 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt as to its ability to continue as a going concern.
In order to continue as a going concern, the Company needs to develop a reliable source of revenues, and achieve a profitable level of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company has been involved primarily with development of operations and applying to trade in the public market. The Company has continued to organize and structure to meet the needs of shareholders and attract suitable financing.
To fund operations for the next twelve months, the Company projects a need for $10,000,000 that will have to be raised through debt or equity.
If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, it could be forced to cease operations. Accordingly, the accompanying financial statements are accounted for as if the Company is a going concern and do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities or other adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10Q and Article of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a comprehensive presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. It is management's opinion however, that all material adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) have been made which are necessary for a fair financial statement presentation. The results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Cash
The Company considers highly liquid financial instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no cash and cash equivalents for the company.
From time to time, we may maintain bank balances in interest bearing accounts in excess of the $250,000 currently insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for interest bearing accounts (there is currently no insurance limit for deposits in noninterest bearing accounts). We have not experienced any losses with respect to cash. Management believes our Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to its cash.
Segmented Reporting
FASB ASC 280, “Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”, changed the way public companies report information about segments of their business in their quarterly reports issued to shareholders. It also requires entity-wide disclosures about the products and services the entity provides, the material countries in which it holds assets and reports revenues and its major customers.
Comprehensive Loss
“Reporting Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive loss and its components in the financial statements. As at September 30, 2017, the Company had no items that represented a comprehensive loss and, therefore, did not include a schedule of comprehensive loss in the financial statements.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and revenue and expenses in the statement of operations. The accounting estimates that require our significant, difficult, and subjective judgments include:
● |
the assessment of recoverability of long lived assets; |
● |
the valuation of derivative instruments; and |
● |
the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation. |
Actual results may differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company follows guidance for accounting for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of nonfinancial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Additionally, the Company adopted guidance for fair value measurement related to nonfinancial items that are recognized and disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a nonrecurring basis. The guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level I measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
• |
Level I inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. |
• |
Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level I that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. |
• |
Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. |
The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Development Stage Company
The Company is a development stage company, as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 915. The Company’s planned principal operations have not fully commenced. Organizational and offering costs are, and will be, expensed as and when they are incurred.
Management plans to seek funding from its shareholders and other qualified investors to pursue its business plan.
Advertising
We expense advertising costs as incurred. During the Year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 the Company incurred no advertising and promotion expenses. We have no existing arrangements under which we provide or receive advertising services from others for any consideration other than cash.
Loss per Common Share
The basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the Company’s net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares during the period. The diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the Company’s net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding is the basic weighted number of shares adjusted for any potentially dilutive debt or equity. Diluted earnings (loss) per share are the same as basic earnings (loss) per share due to the lack of dilutive items in the Company.
Income Taxes
The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. The asset and liability method requires that the current or deferred tax consequences of all events recognized in the financial statements are measured by applying the provisions of enacted tax laws to determine the amount of taxes payable or refundable currently or in future years. Deferred tax assets are reviewed for recoverability and the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be recovered.
In July 2006, the FASB issued guidance that clarified the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum probability threshold that a tax position must meet before a financial statement benefit is recognized. The minimum threshold is defined as a tax position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Company management believes that it had no material uncertain tax positions at December 31 2016 and 2015 and September 30, 2017.
The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax balances and tax loss carry- forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted or substantially enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment or substantive enactment.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company follows ASC 718-10, "Stock Compensation", which addresses the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, with a primary focus on transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. ASC 718-10 is a revision to SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," and supersedes Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and its related implementation guidance. ASC 718-10 requires measurement of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award (with limited exceptions). Incremental compensation costs arising from subsequent modifications of awards after the grant date must be recognized. The Company has not adopted a stock option plan and has not granted any stock options. As at September 30, 2017 the Company had not adopted a stock option plan nor had it granted any stock options. Accordingly no stock-based compensation has been recorded to date.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company maintains its cash with a major financial institution located in the United States of America which it believes to be credit worthy. Balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. At times, the Company maintains balances in excess of the federally insured limits.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company has a limited operating history and has not generated revenue to date. The Company's business and operations are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the U.S. and worldwide. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, fluctuations in debt and equity capital markets and the general condition of the U.S. and world economy. A host of factors beyond the Company's control could cause fluctuations in these conditions. Adverse developments in these general business and economic conditions, including recession, downturn or otherwise, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and the results of its operations.
In addition, the Company will compete with many companies that currently have extensive and well-funded projects, marketing and sales operations as well as extensive human capital. Our company may be unable to compete successfully against these companies. The Company's industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology and market demands. As a result, the Company's products, services, and/or expertise may become obsolete and/or unmarketable. The Company's future success will depend on its ability to adapt to technological advances, anticipate customer and market demands, and enhance our current products and services. Further, the Company's products and services must remain competitive with those of other companies with substantially greater resources.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-10, Development Stage Entities (Topic 915): Elimination of Certain Financial Reporting Requirements. ASU 2014-10 eliminates the distinction of a development stage entity and certain related disclosure requirements, including the elimination of inception-to-date information on the statements of operations, cash flows and stockholders' equity. The amendments in ASU 2014-10 will be effective prospectively for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within those annual periods, however early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2014-10 during the quarter ended September 30, 2014, thereby no longer presenting or disclosing any information required by Topic 915.
The FASB issued ASU 2014-15 on August 27, 2014, providing guidance on determining when and how to disclose going-concern uncertainties in the financial statements. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. An entity must provide certain disclosures if “conditions or events raise substantial doubt about [the] entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” The ASU applies to all entities and is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted.
In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity. The amendments in ASU 2014-16 clarifies how current U.S. GAAP should be interpreted in evaluating the economic characteristics and risks of a host contract in a hybrid financial instrument that is issued in the form of a share. The amendments clarify that an entity should consider all relevant terms and features, including the embedded derivative feature being evaluated for bifurcation, in evaluating the nature of the host contract. The amendments in this standard are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. We are evaluating the effect, if any; adoption of ASU No. 2014-16 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The update provides guidance for how certain cash receipts and cash payments are to be presented on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 will be effective for the Company beginning the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-15 is to be adopted using the retrospective transition method, unless it is impracticable, in which case it can be applied prospectively as of the earliest practical date. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-15 to have a significant impact on the disclosure or cash flow presentation in our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in ASC Topic 718. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. ASU 2017-09 will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 and interim reporting periods within that year. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects the adoption of this guidance will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
NOTE 4 – NOTES PAYABLE-RELATED PARTY
On January 4, 2015, the company borrowed $150,000 from a member of senior management and board member. The note is due in 2019 and bares no interest and can repaid at any time without a penalty. As of the date of this financial statement the balance due is $119,653.
On January 21, 2016, the company borrowed $35,000 from a consultant to the company. The note is due in 2019 and bares no interest and can repaid at any time without a penalty. As of the date of this financial statement the balance due is $35,000.
On August 11, 2017, the company borrowed $115,000 from a member of senior management and board member. The note is due in 2019 and bares no interest and can repaid at any time without a penalty. As of the date of this financial statement the balance due is $115,000.
NOTE 5 – CAPITAL STOCK
The Company’s capitalization is 100,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. No preferred shares have been authorized.
On February 15, 2015, the Company redeemed an aggregate of 19,500,000 of its outstanding stock at a redemption price of $0.0001 for an aggregate redemption price of $1,950.
On February 16, 2015, the company issued 13,372,000 shares of its common stock, at par value, as founder shares.
On September 2, 2017, the company issued 1,000,000 shares of its common stock, at par value, to pay consulting fees.
On September 22, 2017, the company issued 21,900,000 shares of its common stock, at par value, to pay consulting fees.
NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On March 31 2015 the company entered into a loan for $150,000 with Cyrus Sajna, a related party. This loan matures on March 31, 2019, bears no interest, and can be paid in full at any time before the penalty deadline.
On January 21, 2016, the company borrowed $35,000 from a consultant to the company . The note is due in 2019 and bares no interest and can repaid at any time without a penalty. As of the date of this financial statement the balance due is $35,000.
On August 6, 2017 the Company entered into a second loan agreement with Cyrus Sajna for $119,713. The loan matures in one year from the date of issuance, bearing no interest, and be prepaid at any time.
NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES
Our NOL will begin to expire in 2027 for federal and state purposes and could be limited for use under IRC Section 382. We have recorded a valuation allowance against the entire net deferred tax asset balance due because we believe there exists a substantial doubt that we will be able to realize the benefits due to our lack of a history of earnings and due to possible limitations under IRC Section 382.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. and in the state of California with varying statutes of limitations. Our policy is to recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of our provision for income taxes. There were no accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2013. All operations are in California and the Company believes it has no tax positions which could more-likely-than not be challenged by tax authorities. We have no unrecognized tax benefits and thus no interest or penalties included in the financial statements.
Net deferred tax assets consist of the following components as of:
December 31, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2016 |
2015 |
|||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
NOL carryover |
$ | 274,526 | $ | 145,914 | ||||
Valuation allowance |
(274,526 | ) | (145,914 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax asset |
$ | - | $ | - |
The income tax provision is summarized as follows:
December 31, |
December 31, |
|||||||
2016 |
2015 |
|||||||
Income tax benefit at statutory rate (35%) |
$ | (96,084 | ) | $ | (51,070 | ) | ||
Valuation allowance |
96,084 | 51,070 | ||||||
$ | - | $ | - |
At December 31, 2016, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $274 thousand that may be offset against future taxable income through 2027. No tax benefit has been reported in the December 31, 2016 and 2015 consolidated financial statements since the potential tax benefit is offset by a valuation allowance of the same amount.
We believe that our income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to our financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax position have been recorded pursuant to ASC 740. .
NOTE 8 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On September 8th, 2017, “Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation, (the “ Company ”), with the approval of its board of directors and shareholders owning a majority of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares by written consent in lieu of a meeting, filed a Certificate of Change (the “ Certificate of Change ”) with the Secretary of State of Delaware.
As a result of the Certificate of Change, the Company will be changing its name to “Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc.” , effective as of September 11, 2017.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
HOVERINK BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By: |
/s/ Debbie Mae Carter |
|||
Chief Executive Officer |
||||
Dated: |
Nov 3, 2017 | |||
By: |
/s/ Debbie Mae Carter |
|||
Principal financial officer |
||||
Dated: |
Nov 3, 2017 |
Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
NAME |
OFFICE |
DATE |
/s/ Debbie Mae Carter |
Director |
Nov 3, 2017 |
/s/ Cyrus Sajna |
Director |
Nov 3, 2017 |
/s/ Davidra Nicole Sajna |
Director |
Nov 3, 2017 |
41
Exhibit 3.1
Exhibit 3.2
Exhibit 3.3
EXHIBIT 31
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
I, Debbie Mae Carter, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Form 10-K of Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc.
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a- 15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures,or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluations; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: Nov 3, 2017 |
|
/s/ Debbie Mae Carter |
|
|
|
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer |
|
EXHIBIT 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, the undersigned officer of Hoverink Biotechnologies, Inc. (the "Company"), hereby certify to my knowledge that:
The Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 of the Company fully complies, in all material respects, with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the information contained in the Report fairly represents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
|
|
/s/ Debbie Mae Carter |
|
|
|
Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer |
|
Date: Nov 3, 2017 |
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