Restructuring Charges

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

We periodically take action to reduce redundant expenses and improve operating efficiencies. Restructuring activity includes severance, lease exit costs, and related consulting fees. The following reflects our restructuring activity (in millions):



Balance at December 31, 2016	$	19.7
Additional charges	61.0
Payments	(59.6		)
Non-cash adjustments	0.3
Balance at December 31, 2017	21.4
Additional charges	21.0
Payments	(18.8		)
Non-cash adjustments	0.4
Balance at December 31, 2018	24.0
Additional charges	25.3
Payments	(29.4		)
Non-cash adjustments	(0.3		)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	19.6

The charges incurred during the year ended December 31, 2019, were primarily associated with our strategic transformation initiative and the reorganization of our executive management team. The charges incurred during the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were primarily associated with actions taken to streamline our organization, as well as lease exit costs.

Of the amount recorded during the year ended December 31, 2019, $12.2 million related to our CSCI segment, due primarily to the sales force reorganization in France, and $10.1 million was not allocated to a segment and was primarily related to our strategic transformation initiative and the reorganization of our executive management team. Of the amount recorded during the year ended December 31, 2018, $17.4 million related to our CSCI segment. Of the amount recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017, $27.4 million and $17.1 million related to our CSCA and CSCI segments, respectively. There were no other material restructuring programs in any of the periods presented.

All charges are recorded in Restructuring expense on the Consolidated Financial Statements. The remaining $19.6 million liability for employee severance benefits is expected to be paid within the next year.