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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jul. 01, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes
INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate for the three months ended July 1, 2017 was 8.7% on net loss reported in the period compared to 34.2% on a net loss for the three months ended July 2, 2016. The effective tax rate for the
six months ended July 1, 2017 was 89.9% on net income reported in the period compared to 18.3% on net loss for the six months ended July 2, 2016. The effective tax rate for the six months ended July 1, 2017 was negatively impacted by non-deductible fees related to our debt cancellation and additional valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets.

Our tax rate is subject to adjustment over the balance of the fiscal year due to, among other things: income tax rate changes by governments; the jurisdictions in which our profits are determined to be earned and taxed; changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns; adjustments based on differing interpretations of the applicable transfer pricing standards; changes in available tax credits, grants and other incentives; changes in stock-based compensation expense; changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws (for example, proposals for fundamental U.S. international tax reform); changes in U.S. GAAP; expiration of or the inability to renew tax rulings or tax holiday incentives; and the repatriation of earnings with respect to which we have not previously provided for taxes.

The total liability for uncertain tax positions was $427.4 million and $398.0 million as of July 1, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, before considering the federal tax benefit of certain state and local items.

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The total amount accrued for interest and penalties in the liability for uncertain tax positions was $71.8 million and $63.5 million as of July 1, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

We file income tax returns in numerous jurisdictions and are therefore subject to audits by tax authorities. Our primary income tax jurisdictions are Ireland, the United States, Israel, Belgium, France, and the United Kingdom.

Although we believe that the tax estimates are reasonable and that we prepare our tax filings in accordance with all applicable tax laws, the final determination with respect to any tax audit and any related litigation could be materially different from estimates or from historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation could have a material effect on our operating results and/or cash flows in the periods for which that determination is made. In addition, future period earnings may be adversely impacted by litigation costs, settlements, penalties, and/or interest assessments.

In the United States, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") audit of our fiscal years ended June 27, 2009 and June 26, 2010 had previously concluded with the issuance of a statutory notice of deficiency on August 27, 2014. While we had previously agreed on certain adjustments and made associated payments of $8.0 million (inclusive of interest) in November 2014, the statutory notice of deficiency asserted various additional adjustments, including transfer pricing adjustments. The statutory notice of deficiency's adjustments for fiscal years 2009 and 2010 asserted an incremental tax obligation of approximately $68.9 million, inclusive of interest and penalties. We disagree with the IRS’s positions asserted in the statutory notice of deficiency. To contest the IRS's adjustments, in January 2015 we paid the incremental tax obligation (a prerequisite to contesting the proposed adjustments in U.S. district court), and in June 2015, we filed an administrative request for a refund with the IRS. The payment was recorded during the three months ended March 28, 2015 as a deferred charge on the balance sheet given our anticipated action to recover this amount. The IRS subsequently denied our request for a refund. We anticipate filing a complaint in U.S. district court claiming a refund of the paid amounts in August 2017.

The IRS issued a statutory notice of deficiency on April 20, 2017 for the IRS audits of our fiscal years ended June 25, 2011 and June 30, 2012. While we agreed to certain adjustments with respect to these years in October 2016 and made minimal associated payments, the statutory notice of deficiency asserted various additional adjustments, including transfer pricing adjustments. The statutory notice of deficiency for fiscal years 2011 and 2012 asserted an incremental tax obligation of approximately $74.2 million, inclusive of interest and penalties. We disagree with the IRS's positions asserted in this notice. In anticipation of contesting the IRS's adjustments, in May 2017 we paid the incremental tax obligation (a prerequisite to contesting the proposed adjustments in U.S. District Court) and filed an administrative request for a refund. The payment was recorded in the second quarter of the year ending December 31, 2017 as a deferred charge on the balance sheet given our anticipated action to recover this amount.

On December 22, 2016, we received a notice of proposed adjustment for the IRS audit of Athena Neurosciences, Inc. (“Athena”), a subsidiary of Elan acquired in 1996, for the years ended December 31, 2011, December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2013.  Perrigo acquired Elan in December 2013.  This proposed adjustment relates to the deductibility of litigation costs.  We disagree with the IRS’s position asserted in the notice of proposed adjustment and intend to contest it. 

On July 11, 2017, we received a draft notice of proposed adjustment associated with transfer pricing positions for the IRS audit of Athena for the years ended December 31, 2011, December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2013.  Athena was the originator of the patents associated with Tysabri® prior to the acquisition of Athena by Elan in 1996.  The amount of adjustments that may be asserted by the IRS in the final notice of proposed adjustment cannot be quantified at this time; however, based on the draft notice received, the amount to be assessed may be material.   We disagree with the IRS’s position as asserted in the draft notice of proposed adjustment and intend to contest it.

Unfavorable resolutions of the audit matters discussed above could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements in future periods.

We have ongoing audits in multiple other jurisdictions the resolution of which remains uncertain. These jurisdictions include, but are not limited to, the United States, Israel and France. The IRS is currently auditing our fiscal years ended June 29, 2013 and June 28, 2014. The Israel Tax Authority is currently auditing our fiscal years ended June 29, 2013 and June 28, 2014. The French Tax Authority is currently auditing the years ended December 2014, December 2015 and December 2016.