UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
For
the Quarterly Period Ended
Or
For the transition period from to
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Indicate
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HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such forward-looking statements are characterized by future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” believe,” “estimate” and “continue” or similar words. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they discuss future expectations and plans, which contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition or state other forward-looking information. Such statements are only predictions and our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. We believe that it is important to communicate future expectations to investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors and elsewhere in the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 16, 2024, as well as under Item 1A . Risk Factors within this Form 10-Q. These factors include the uncertainties associated with:
| ● | our ability to successfully consummate the proposed merger, or the Merger with Pharma Two B Ltd., or Pharma Two B, or any strategic transaction that we may consummate in the future; | |
| ● | our anticipated net cash balance and expectations regarding relative ownership percentages in the combined company following consummation of the Merger; | |
| ● | our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger and our ability to manage the risks of the proposed Merger; | |
| ● | the effects that the pendency of the Merger may have on our business prior to the closing of the Merger, or if the Merger does not close; | |
| ● | our ability to raise substantial additional capital to continue as a going concern and fund our planned operations in the near term; | |
| ● | estimates regarding our expenses, use of cash, timing of future cash needs and anticipated capital requirements; | |
| ● | success in retaining, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors; | |
| ● | our public securities’potential liquidity and trading; | |
| ● | our ability to license additional intellectual property to support our strategic alternatives or out-license our intellectual property; | |
| ● | our expectation of developments and projections relating to competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies or our industry; | |
| ● | our ability to remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market; and | |
| ● | our intellectual property position, including the strength and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. |
We do not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements as circumstances change and thus you should not unduly rely on these statements.
| 1 |
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
| June
30, 2024 | December
31, 2023 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | ||||||||
| Short-term portion of contingent consideration | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Contingent consideration, non-current | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, non-current | ||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments-warrants | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (see Note 10) | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Series A convertible preferred stock, stated value $ per share, shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | ||||||||
| Series C convertible preferred stock, stated value $ per share, shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | ||||||||
| Common stock—$ par value per share; shares authorized, and shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
| 2 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
| Three
Months Ended June 30, | Six
Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Cost and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration and derivative financial instruments | ||||||||||||||||
| Inducement expense | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax benefit | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per common share: (see Note 10) | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
| 3 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
| 4 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
| Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock | Additional | Accumulated other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A | Series C | Common Stock | Paid in | Comprehensive | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Income (Loss) | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant exercises, net | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares in abeyance | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
| 5 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
| Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock | Additional | Accumulated other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A | Series C | Common Stock | Paid in | Comprehensive | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Income (Loss) | Deficit | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of Series C to common | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2023 | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based liability awards converted to equity | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with stock split | — | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
| 6 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
| Six
Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||
| Depreciation | ||||||||
| Inducement expense | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative instrument-warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Right of use asset | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of the warrants, net | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash | ||||||||
| Net decrease in cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Supplementary disclosure of non-cash financing activities: | ||||||||
| Conversion of Series C convertible preferred stock | $ | $ | ||||||
| Inducement expense for issuance of Series B-1 and B-2 warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
| Stock-based liability awards reversed to additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
| 7 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Business Overview
Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (we, our, or us) is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Edison, New Jersey, that was previously focused on the development of drug therapy for treatment of chronic liver diseases. This therapeutic approach targets fibrosis, inflammation, and shows potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (“HCC”) associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”), viral hepatitis, and other liver diseases. Our cyclophilin inhibitor, rencofilstat (formerly CRV431), was being developed to offer benefits to address multiple complex pathologies related to the progression of liver disease.
We were developing rencofilstat as our lead molecule. Rencofilstat is a compound that binds and inhibits the function of a specific class of isomerase enzymes called cyclophilins that regulate protein folding, in addition to other activities. Many closely related isoforms of cyclophilins exist in humans. Cyclophilins A, B, and D are the best characterized cyclophilin isoforms. Inhibition of cyclophilins has been shown in scientific literature to have therapeutic effects in a variety of experimental models, including liver disease models.
We have completed a number of Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials. In May 2023, we announced that our Phase 2a study (“ALTITUDE-NASH”) met its primary endpoint by demonstrating improved liver function and was well tolerated after four months of treatment with once daily oral rencofilstat administered to NASH subjects with stage 3 or greater fibrosis. All additional secondary efficacy and safety endpoints were also met. These observations provide further evidence that builds on previous findings from a shorter 28-day Phase 2a (“AMBITION”) trial. Taken together, the AMBITION and ALTITUDE-NASH trials reinforced rencofilstat’s direct antifibrotic mode of action and increase our confidence level that we anticipated observing fibrosis reductions in our 12-month Phase 2b (“ASCEND-NASH”) clinical trial.
In June 2023, we announced that the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”) met to review the current data for the ASCEND-NASH 2b study and issued a “study may proceed without modification” clearance. This, the first planned DSMB meeting, occurred on schedule, and all labs, electrocardiogram’s, adverse events, and protocol deviations were reviewed, focusing on any potential safety signals from the placebo-controlled trial.
In
December 2023, our board of directors approved a strategic restructuring plan to preserve capital by reducing operating costs. We incurred
a one-time restructuring charge of approximately $
2. Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared following the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim reporting. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our interim financial information. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, was derived from the audited annual consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 16, 2024.
| 8 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries, Contravir Research Inc. and Hepion Research Corp, which conduct their operations in Canada. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Going Concern
As
of June 30, 2024, we had $
These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern. Due to our recurring and expected continuing losses from operations, we have concluded there is substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements without additional capital becoming available to us. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
We will be required to raise additional capital within the few months to continue to fund operations. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that impact our ability to conduct business. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to (i) seek collaborators for our product candidates on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; or (ii) relinquish or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize on unfavorable terms.
3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Changes in estimates and assumptions are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Since the date of such consolidated financial statements, there have been no changes to our significant accounting policies.
Cash
As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, cash was $
| 9 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), establishes a fair value hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and our own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC Topic 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that distinguishes among the following:
| ● | Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we can access. | |
| ● | Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and models for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. | |
| ● | Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. |
To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by us in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Financial instruments consist of cash, accounts payable, contingent consideration and derivative financial instruments. Cash and accounts payable are stated at their respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Contingent consideration, and derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value at the end of each reporting period. We recorded contingent consideration from the 2016 acquisition of Ciclofilin, which is required to be carried at fair value. See Note 5 for additional information on the fair value of the contingent consideration and derivative financial instruments.
Property, equipment and depreciation
As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $ and $
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, as well as for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which we expect to recover or settle those temporary differences. We recognize the effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. We reduce the measurement of a deferred tax asset, if necessary, by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that we will not realize some or all of the deferred tax asset. We account for uncertain tax positions by recognizing the financial statement effects of a tax position only when, based upon technical merits, it is “more-likely-than-not” that the position will be sustained upon examination. Potential interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax positions are recognized in income tax expense.
We continue to maintain a full valuation allowance for our U.S and foreign net deferred tax assets.
| 10 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Under
the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the net operating loss (NOL) and tax credit carryforwards are subject to review and possible
adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities.
The
income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was $ and $
Contingencies
In the normal course of business, we are subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of our business that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, product and environmental liability, and tax matters. In accordance with ASC Topic 450, Accounting for Contingencies, (“ASC 450”), we record accruals for such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. In accordance with this guidance, we do not recognize gain contingencies until realized.
Research and Development
Research and development costs, which include expenditures in connection with an in-house research and development laboratory, salaries and staff costs, application and filing for regulatory approval of proposed products, purchased in-process research and development, license costs, regulatory and scientific consulting fees, as well as contract research, insurance and FDA consultants, are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 730, Research and Development, (“ASC 730”). Also, as prescribed by this guidance, patent filing and maintenance expenses are considered legal in nature and therefore classified as general and administrative expense, if any.
We do not currently have any commercial biopharmaceutical products and do not expect to have such for several years, if at all. Accordingly, our research and development costs are expensed as incurred. While certain of our research and development costs may have future benefits, our policy of expensing all research and development expenditures is predicated on the fact that we have no history of successful commercialization of product candidates to base any estimate of the number of future periods that would be benefited.
Also
as prescribed by ASC 730, non-refundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and
development activities should be deferred and capitalized. As the related goods are delivered or the services are performed, or when
the goods or services are no longer expected to be provided, the deferred amounts would be recognized as an expense. At June 30,
2024 and December 31, 2023, we had prepaid research and development costs of $
| 11 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), requires companies to measure the cost of employee and non-employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the estimated fair value of the award at the date of grant. The expense is to be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. Generally, we issue stock options with only service-based vesting conditions and record the expense for awards using the straight-line method (see Note 8). We account for awards granted to employees that are in excess of what is available to grant as a liability recorded at fair value each reporting period in the consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).
The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The estimated expected stock volatility is based on the historical volatility of our own traded stock price. The expected term of stock options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The expected term of stock options granted to non-employees is equal to the contractual term of the option award. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that we have never paid cash dividends and do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
ASC 718 allows for the election of forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Our actual historical forfeiture rate of % was used for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. We will continue to analyze the forfeiture rate on at least an annual basis or when there are any identified triggers that would justify immediate review.
Foreign Exchange
The
functional currency of Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and ContraVir Research Inc. is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Hepion
Research Corp. is the Canadian dollar. Assets and liabilities of Hepion Research Corp. are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end
exchange rates; income and expenses are translated using the average exchange rates for the reporting period. Unrealized foreign currency
translation adjustments are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a separate component of shareholders’ equity. The
amount of currency translation adjustment was $(
Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief operating decision maker views our operations and manages the business in one segment.
Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented in conformity with ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, (“ASC 260”) for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, basic and diluted net loss per common share was determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
There are no recent accounting pronouncements that will have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2024.
| 12 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
4. Stockholders’ Equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
On October 14, 2014, our Board of Directors authorized the sale and issuance of up to shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A”). All shares of the Series A were issued between October 2014 and February 2015. Each share of the Series A is convertible at the option of the holder into the number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the stated value of such share by the conversion price that is subject to adjustment. As of June 30, 2024, there were shares outstanding. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, shares of the Series A were converted. If we sell common stock or equivalents at an effective price per share that is lower than the conversion price, the conversion price may be reduced to the lower conversion price. The Series A will be automatically convertible into common stock in the event of a fundamental transaction as defined in the offering.
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock Issuance
On
July 3, 2018, we completed a rights offering pursuant to our effective registration statement on Form S-1. We offered for sale units
in the rights offering and each unit sold in connection with the rights offering consisted of share of our Series C Convertible Preferred
Stock, or Series C, and common stock warrants (the “Rights Offering”). Upon completion of the offering, pursuant to the rights
offering, we sold an aggregate of units at an offering price of $ per unit comprised of shares of Series C and
common stock warrants that expired in July 2023. As of June 30, 2024, there were shares of Series C outstanding. During the
six months ended June 30, 2024, shares of the Series C were converted into shares of our common stock and during the six months ended
June 30, 2023, share of the Series C was converted into share of our common stock. Each share of Series C is convertible into common
stock at any time at the option of the holder thereof at the conversion price then in effect. The conversion price for the Series C is
determined by dividing the stated value of $ per share by $
Common Stock and Warrant Offering
On
September 28, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor for the purchase and sale of
shares of our common stock (or common stock equivalents in lieu thereof) at a purchase price of $ per share and pre-funded warrants
to purchase up to
We used the guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, (“ASC 480”), ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815-40”) and ASC 260, Earnings Per Shares (“ASC 260”) to determine the accounting classification for the warrants.
Based on this evaluation, we determined that the Warrants are not indexed to our own stock and are precluded from being classified within equity. Therefore, the Warrants were classified as a liability on the balance sheet, initially recorded at fair value, and then subsequently will be carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the income statement.
Upon
the issuance of the warrants, the fair value of the warrants was determined to be approximately $
On
February 16, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with a current warrant holder to exercise the outstanding Series B Warrants
(the “Series B Warrant Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Series B Warrant Agreement, the holder agreed to exercise
the Series B Warrant in full and purchase a total of
| 13 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The
Company accounted for this transaction as a modification and settlement of the Series B Warrant liability. As such, the Company first
recognized a gain of $
As
part of the transaction, the Company incurred equity issuance costs of $
In
connection with the offering, the Company agreed to amend, effective upon the closing of this offering, the terms of the October 2023
Series A common stock purchase warrant held by a purchaser in the offering to reduce the exercise price thereof to $
The
Company accounted for this transaction as a modification of the Series A Warrant liability. As such the Company first recognized a gain
of $
Additionally,
as part of the Series B Warrant Agreement, we issued to the investor unregistered Series B-1 Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate
of
The fair value of these liability classified warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This method of valuation involves using inputs such as the fair value of our common stock, historical volatility, the contractual term of the warrants, risk free interest rates and dividend yields. Due to the nature of these inputs, the valuation of the warrants is considered a Level 2 measurement (see Note 5). The following assumptions were used to measure the Series A and Series B Warrants at modification and to remeasure the liability as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and to measure Series B-1 and B-2 at issuance and to remeasure the liability as of June 30, 2024.
| Series A Warrants | ||||||||
| June 30 | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Stock price | $ | $ | ||||||
| Expected warrant term (years) | ||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Dividend yield | ||||||||
| 14 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Series B Warrants | ||||||||||||
| Pre-Modification | Post-Modification | |||||||||||
| February 16, | February 16, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Stock price | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Expected warrant term (years) | n/a | |||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | n/a | % | |||||||||
| Expected volatility | % | n/a | % | |||||||||
| Dividend yield | ||||||||||||
| Series B-1 Warrants | Series B-2 Warrants | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 16, | March 31, | June 30 | February 16, | March 31, | June 30 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock price | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expected warrant term (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth the components of changes in our derivative financial instruments liability balance for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
| Date | Number of Warrants Outstanding | Derivative Instrument Liability | ||||||
| Balance of derivative liability at December 31, 2023 | ||||||||
| Issuance of Series B-1 and Series B-2 warrants * | ||||||||
| Modification of Series A warrants * | ||||||||
| Modification of Series B warrants * | ( | ) | ||||||
| Exercise of Series B warrants | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Change in fair value of warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Balance of derivative liability at March 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||
| Change in fair value of warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Balance of derivative liability at June 30, 2024 | ||||||||
| * |
5. Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents our liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
| Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using | ||||||||||||||||
| Description | Fair value | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
| As of June 30, 2024: | ||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities related to warrants | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023: | ||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities related to warrants | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| 15 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The unrealized gains or losses on the derivative liabilities are recorded as a change in fair value of derivative liabilities- warrants in our consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for a rollforward of the derivative liability for six months ended June 30, 2024. The financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, we review the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC 815-40. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments which trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3.
Contingent consideration was recorded for the acquisition of Ciclofilin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Ciclofilin) on June 10, 2016. The contingent consideration represented the acquisition date fair value of potential future payments, to be paid in cash and our stock, upon the achievement of certain milestones and was estimated based on a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model.
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the assumptions we used to calculate the fair value were as follows:
| Assumptions | ||||||||
| June
30, 2024 | December
31, 2023 | |||||||
| Discount rate | n/a | % | ||||||
| Stock price | n/a | n/a | ||||||
| Projected milestone achievement dates | n/a | |||||||
| Probability of success of milestone achievements | % | |||||||
As
of June 30, 2024, $ was recorded as a current liability and as non-current liability based upon management’s best estimate
using the latest available information. Management reviewed and updated the assumptions at June 30, 2024 and reduced the contingent consideration to $
The following table presents the change in fair value of the contingent consideration for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
| Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration | ||||
| Liabilities: | ||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | |||
| Change in fair value recorded in earnings | ( | ) | ||
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | ||||
| Change in fair value recorded in earnings | ( | ) | ||
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $ | |||
6. Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method, based on useful lives as follows:
| Estimated Useful Life (in years) | June
30, 2024 | December
31, 2023 | ||||||||
| Equipment | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||
Depreciation
expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $
| 16 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
7. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following:
| June
30, 2024 | December
31, 2023 | |||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Total accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
At
December 31, 2023, other accrued expenses includes approximately $
On
June 3, 2013, we adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2013 Plan), which expired in June 2023 and we are no longer making grants
under it. Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan typically vest after of continuous service from the grant date and will
have a contractual term of . We granted options during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and at the time that these
grants were made, we did not have any options available for grant under the Plan. We accounted for these option grants as liability-classified
awards requiring us to measure the fair value of the awards each reporting period since there were not enough shares available at the
time of the grant. In April 2023, with the approval of the 2023 Plan, these awards are no longer accounted for as liability-classified
and the cumulative liability of $
In April 2023, our board of directors approved the 2023 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the 2023 Plan), which became effective in June 2023 upon stockholder approval. The 2023 Plan allows for the grant of up to awards for the purpose of attracting, motivating and retaining employees (including officers), non-employee directors and non-employee consultants. On March 6, 2024 pursuant to the 2023 Plan, we granted RSUs with a fair value of $ per share, which vest upon the earlier of (i) after date of grant or (ii) change of control of the Company. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted options with a term of to years that were vested upon issuance. Subsequent to the grant of these options, we had awards available for grant from the 2023 Plan. There were grants for the three months ended June 30, 2024.
| 17 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three
Months Ended June 30, | Six
Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share | Intrinsic Value | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Team | |||||||||||||
| Balance outstanding, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | years | |||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Balance outstanding, June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | years | |||||||||||||
| Awards outstanding, vested awards and those expected to vest at June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | years | |||||||||||||
| Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | years | |||||||||||||
The total fair value of awards vested during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $ million and $ million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding, net of expected forfeitures, was $ million.
| Six
Months Ended June 30, 2024 | ||||
| Stock price | $ | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | - | % | ||
| Dividend yield | ||||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Expected term (in years) | years - years | |||
Stock price—The stock price used is the closing price of our common stock on the day prior to the grant date.
| 18 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Risk-free interest rate—Based on the daily yield curve rates for U.S. Treasury obligations with maturities which correspond to the expected term of our stock options.
Dividend yield—We have not paid any dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Expected volatility—We base expected volatility on the trading price of our common stock.
Expected term—The expected option term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding based on the simplified method provided in SAB No. 107, which SAB No. 107, options are considered to be “plain vanilla” if they have the following basic characteristics: (i) granted “at-the-money”; (ii) exercisability is conditioned upon service through the vesting date; (iii) termination of service prior to vesting results in forfeiture; (iv) limited exercise period following termination of service; and (v) options are non-transferable and non-hedgeable.
SAB No. 110, Share-Based Payment, (“SAB No. 110”) expresses the views of the Staff of the SEC with respect to extending the use of the simplified method, as discussed in SAB No. 107, in developing an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” share options in accordance with ASC 718. For the expected term, we have “plain-vanilla” stock options, and therefore used a simple average of the vesting period and the contractual term for options granted as permitted by SAB No. 107.
Forfeitures—ASC 718 allows for the election of forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we determined that % is our forfeiture rate based on historical experience. We will continue to analyze the forfeiture rate on at least an annual basis or when there are any identified triggers that would justify immediate review.
Basic and diluted net loss per common share was determined by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period.
| Three
Months Ended June 30, | Six
Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted net loss per common share: | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share of common stock—basic and diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||||
| 19 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
In connection with series B warrants exercise (see Note 4), warrants that were exercised during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 were not yet issued as common stock and are held by the Company in abeyance, were included in the Company’s calculation of basic and diluted loss per share. The shares of common stock held by the Company in abeyance are considered outstanding for the purposes of computing earnings per share, as these shares may be issued for little or no consideration, are fully vested, and are exercisable after the original issuance date.
The warrants that were exercised during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 were issued as common stock in June 2024.
| Six
Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Common shares issuable for: | ||||||||
| Series A preferred stock | ||||||||
| Series C preferred stock | ||||||||
| Restricted Stock Units | ||||||||
| Stock options | ||||||||
| Warrants – liability classified | ||||||||
| Warrants – equity classified | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
The strike prices for the equity classified warrant ranges from $- $ each and the expiration dates are in 2025 and 2026.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various legal proceedings. Significant judgment is required to determine both the likelihood and the estimated amount of a loss related to such matters. Additionally, while any litigation contains an element of uncertainty, we have at this time no reason to believe that the outcome of such proceedings or claims will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Leases
In
July 2014, we entered into a lease for corporate office space in Edison, New Jersey (“Edison Lease”). In July 2017, we entered
into the first amendment to the Edison Lease expanding the office footprint and extending the Edison Lease for an approximate
In
October 2019, we entered into a
We account for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases, (“ASC 842”). We determine if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. A lease exists when a contract conveys to the customer the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for a period in exchange for consideration. The definition of a lease embodies two conditions: (1) there is an identified asset in the contract that is land or a depreciable asset (i.e., property and equipment), and (2) the customer has the right to control the use of the identified asset.
Operating leases where we are the lessee are included under the caption “Right of Use Assets” (“ROU”) on our consolidated balance sheets. The lease liabilities are initially and subsequently measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date. Key estimates and judgments include how we determine (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payments to present value, (2) lease term and (3) lease payments.
The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received. For operating leases, the ROU asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
| 20 |
HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
As
of June 30, 2024, our ROU asset was $
Rent
expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $
Future minimum rental payments under our noncancelable operating lease at June 30, 2024 is as follows:
| Remainder of 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| Total | ||||
| Present value adjustment | ( | ) | ||
| Lease liability at June 30, 2024 | $ |
Employment Agreements
We have an employment agreement with one employee which requires the funding of a specific level of payment, if certain events, such as a change in control, termination without cause or retirement, occur.
11. Subsequent Events
On July 19, 2024, Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), Pharma Two B Ltd., a company organized under the laws of the State of Israel (“Parent”), and Pearl Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger to which, among other things, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company surviving the Merger as an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. Merger Sub is a newly incorporated Delaware corporation and a wholly owned, direct subsidiary of P2B HoldCo, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Holdco”). Holdco is a wholly owned, direct subsidiary of P2B Topco, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Topco”). Topco is a wholly owned, direct subsidiary of Parent. Each of Merger Sub, Holdco and Topco were formed for purposes of consummating the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements (as defined in the Merger Agreement).
On July 19, 2024, Pharma Two B entered into the PIPE Agreements with certain investors, including existing investors
of Pharma Two B, pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase, in the aggregate, $
The Merger is expected
to be consummated in the fourth quarter of 2024. The obligation of the parties to consummate the Merger is subject to various conditions,
including, but not limited to: (i) adoption of the Merger Agreement and the approval of the Merger and the other Transactions by the
required portion of the Company’s stockholders as determined in accordance with applicable law and the Company’s organizational
documents; (ii) adoption of the Merger Agreement and the approval of the Merger and the other Transactions by Parent’s shareholders,
as determined in accordance with applicable law and Parent’s organizational documents (iii) the absence of any judgment, order
or law prohibiting the consummation of the Merger; (iv) upon the Closing, the approval for listing on Nasdaq of Parent’s ordinary
shares to be issued in connection with the Closing of the Merger; (v) the effectiveness of the Registration Statement (as defined below)
to be filed by Parent with the SEC with respect to Parent’s ordinary shares that constitute the Merger Consideration, (vi) the
SPA (as defined below) shall be in full force and effect and concurrently with the Closing cash proceeds of not less than $
Concurrently
with the Merger, on July 19, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with certain
purchasers pursuant to which the Company sold an aggregate of $
In addition, pursuant to the SPA, the Company issued to the purchasers an aggregate shares of Common Stock.
On August 5, 2024, John Cavan, the interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer left the Company for
personal reasons. In connection therewith, Mr. Cavan will be paid, according to his employment contract, a severance payment of $
| 21 |
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion and other parts of this quarterly report contain forward-looking statements. You can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “plan,” “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” believe,” “estimate” and “continue” or similar words. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future business success or financial results. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they discuss future expectations and plans, which contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition or state other forward-looking information. We believe that it is important to communicate future expectations to investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control. Accordingly, we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future.
The forward-looking statements included herein are based on current expectations that involve a number of risks and uncertainties set forth under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 16, 2024, as well as under “Risk Factors” within this this Form 10-Q. Accordingly, to the extent that this Report contains forward-looking statements regarding the financial condition, operating results, business prospects or any other aspect of us, please be advised that our actual financial condition, operating results and business performance may differ materially from that projected or estimated by us in forward-looking statements, and you should not unduly rely on such statements.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Edison, New Jersey, previously focused on the development of drug therapy for treatment of chronic liver diseases. This therapeutic approach targets fibrosis, inflammation, and shows potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (“HCC”) associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”), viral hepatitis, and other liver diseases. Our cyclophilin inhibitor, rencofilstat (formerly CRV431), was being developed to offer benefits to address multiple complex pathologies related to the progression of liver disease.
We have completed a number of Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials. In May 2023, we announced that our Phase 2a study (“ALTITUDE-NASH”) met its primary endpoint by demonstrating improved liver function and was well tolerated after four months of treatment with once daily oral rencofilstat administered to NASH subjects with stage 3 or greater fibrosis. All additional secondary efficacy and safety endpoints were also met. These observations provide further evidence that builds on previous findings from a shorter 28-day Phase 2a (“AMBITION”) trial. Taken together, the AMBITION and ALTITUDE-NASH trials reinforced rencofilstat’s direct antifibrotic mode of action and increase our confidence level that we anticipated observing fibrosis reductions in our 12-month Phase 2b (“ASCEND-NASH”) clinical trial.
In June 2023, we announced that the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”) met to review the current data for the ASCEND-NASH 2b study and has issued a “study may proceed without modification” clearance. This, the first planned DSMB meeting, occurred on schedule, and all labs, electrocardiogram’s, adverse events, and protocol deviations were reviewed, focusing on any potential safety signals from the placebo-controlled trial.
In December 2023, the board of directors approved a strategic restructuring plan to preserve capital by reducing operating costs. We incurred a one-time restructuring charge of approximately $0.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Additionally, we have initiated a process to explore a range of strategic and financing alternatives focused on maximizing stockholder value within the current financial environment and NASH drug development landscape. On April 19, 2024, we announced that we have begun wind-down activities in our ASCEND- NASH clinical trial.
We are continuing efforts, to the extent that cash is available, to provide any value derived from rencofilstat to our shareholders.
FINANCIAL OPERATIONS OVERVIEW
From inception through June 30, 2024, we have an accumulated deficit of $231.4 million and we have not generated any revenue from operations.
| 22 |
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, costs and expenses, income taxes and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates from those described in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Please refer to Note 3 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
| Three
Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Costs and Expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | 7,136,679 | 11,880,669 | (4,743,990 | ) | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 1,367,169 | 2,284,961 | (917,792 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 8,503,848 | 14,165,630 | (5,661,782 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (8,503,848 | ) | (14,165,630 | ) | 5,661,782 | |||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense) | 49,536 | (2,351 | ) | 51,887 | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration and derivative financial instruments | 4,529,100 | 88,434 | 4,440,666 | |||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (3,925,212 | ) | (14,079,547 | ) | 10,154,335 | |||||||
| Income tax benefit: (See Note 3) | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (3,925,212 | ) | $ | (14,079,547 | ) | $ | 10,154,335 | ||||
We had no revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, because we do not have any commercial biopharmaceutical products and we do not expect to have such products for several years, if at all.
Research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $7.1 million and $11.9 million, respectively. The decrease of $4.7 million was primarily due to a $4.0 million decrease in clinical trial costs primarily for our phase 2b study, a $0.4 million decrease of Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls costs, a decrease of $0.3 million in employee compensation costs due to reduced headcounts and other miscellaneous expenses.
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The decrease of $0.9 million was primarily due to a decrease in salaries.
| 23 |
Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
| Six
Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Costs and Expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | 9,676,247 | 21,678,328 | (12,002,081 | ) | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 4,009,918 | 5,696,467 | (1,686,549 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 13,686,165 | 27,374,795 | (13,688,630 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (13,686,165 | ) | (27,374,795 | ) | 13,688,630 | |||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense) | 45,187 | (4,673 | ) | 49,860 | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration and derivative financial instrument | 6,459,752 | 40,000 | 6,419,752 | |||||||||
| Inducement expense | (2,567,044 | ) | — | (2,567,044 | ) | |||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (9,748,270 | ) | (27,339,469 | ) | 17,591,198 | |||||||
| Income tax benefit: (See Note 3) | 2,969,252 | — | 2,969,252 | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (6,779,018 | ) | $ | (27,339,468 | ) | $ | 20,560,450 | ||||
We had no revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because we do not have any commercial biopharmaceutical products and we do not expect to have such products for several years, if at all.
Research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $9.7 million and $21.7 million, respectively. The decrease of $12.0 million was primarily due to a $10.7 million decrease in clinical trial costs primarily for our phase 2b study, a $0.9 million decrease of Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls costs, a decrease of $0.4 million in employee compensation costs due to reduced headcounts, and decrease in consulting and outside services.
General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $4.0 million and $5.7 million, respectively. The decrease of $1.7 million was primarily due to a $0.4 million decrease stock compensation and $1.4 million decrease in salaries.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
We have funded our operations through June 30, 2024 primarily through the issuance of convertible preferred stock, the issuance and sale of shares of our common stock and subsequent issuances of shares of our common stock through at-the market offerings.
Future Funding Requirements
We have no products approved for commercial sale. To date, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, undertaking preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidate. As a result, we are not profitable and have incurred losses in each period since our inception in 2013. As of June 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $231.4 million. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future.
We may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. The size of our future net losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future growth of our expenses and our ability to generate revenue. Our prior losses and expected future losses have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital.
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We will require additional financing and a failure to obtain this necessary capital could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our operations.
Since our inception, we have invested a significant portion of our efforts and financial resources in research and development activities for our non-replicating and replicating technologies and our product candidates derived from these technologies. We believe that we will continue to expend substantial resources for the foreseeable future in connection with our wind-down of the ASCEND-NASH Trial as well as our strategic alternatives strategy. In addition, other unanticipated costs may arise.
The condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statements are issued. Due to our accumulated deficit and our recurring and expected continuing losses from operations, we have concluded there is substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern without additional capital becoming available to attain further operating efficiencies and, ultimately, to generate revenue. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
We will be required to raise additional capital to continue to fund operations. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that impact our ability to (i) seek collaborators for our product candidates on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; or (ii) relinquish or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize on unfavorable terms.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the following periods:
| Six
Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | ||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | (14,545,497 | ) | $ | (20,650,862 | ) | ||
| Investing activities | — | (16,538 | ) | |||||
| Financing activities | 1,849,707 | — | ||||||
As of June 30, 2024, we had working capital of $4.5 million compared to working capital of $12.2 million as of December 31, 2023. The decrease of $7.7 million in working capital is primarily due to $3.0 million in proceeds received from sales of our state NOLs offset by the Company’s operating costs for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Operating Activities:
As of June 30, 2024, we had $2.1 million in cash. Net cash used in operating activities was $14.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 consisting primarily of our net loss of $9.9 million, adjusted for an increase in non-cash charges of $3.2 million, primarily for stock-based compensation and warrant related inducement expense, partially offset by $3.1 million in change in fair value of contingent consideration and the change in fair value of derivative warrants. Changes in working capital accounts had a negative impact of $4.6 million on cash primarily due to an increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and prepaid expenses.
As of June 30, 2023, we had $30.5 million in cash. Net cash used in operating activities was $20.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 consisting primarily of our net loss of $27.3 million. Changes in non-cash operating activities was $0.9 million, primarily for stock-based compensation. Changes in working capital accounts had a positive impact of $5.8 million on cash primarily for a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $3.0 million and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $2.8 million.
Investing Activities:
Net cash used in investing activities was nominal for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
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Financing Activities:
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, due primarily to proceeds received from the exercise of the warrants.
There was no cash provided by or used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15, as of June 30, 2024, our Interim Principal Executive Officer/Principal Financial Officer has concluded that due to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting noted below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.
| ● | Our control environment was ineffective because we did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel to execute controls as designed including the absence of proper segregation of duties. Such impacted controls include indirect controls affecting the risk assessment and monitoring components of COSO along with certain control activities. | |
| ● | We identified a material weakness in our internal controls related to the proper design and implementation of controls over formal review, approval, and evaluation of non-core, complex accounting transactions. | |
| ● | We identified a material weakness in internal control related to the proper design and implementation of certain controls over our income tax provision and management’s review of the income tax provision. We utilize a third-party to assist in the preparation of our tax provision. Specifically, we did not sufficiently design and implement controls related to the completeness and accuracy of certain aspects of the tax provision and the completeness and accuracy income tax disclosures. |
Remediation of Material Weaknesses
We are committed to the remediation of the material weaknesses described above, as well as the continued improvement of our internal control over financial reporting. We need to raise additional capital in order to add additional personnel and implement additional internal control procedures. If we are able to raise additional capital, we plan on implementing several remedial actions to improve our internal controls, including:
| ● | We will need to increase personnel in the future in order to have proper segregation of duties. | |
| ● | We are utilizing the services of external consultants for non-routine and\or technical accounting issues as they arise. | |
| ● | Expanding and improving our review process for complex accounting transactions. We plan to further improve this process by enhancing access to accounting literature, identification of third-party professionals with whom to consult regarding complex accounting applications and consideration of additional staff with the requisite experience and training to supplement existing accounting professionals. | |
| ● | Management, with the assistance of a third party, will perform an evaluation of the processes and procedures around our tax provision processes, internal control design gaps, and recommend process enhancements. | |
| ● | Implementing enhancements and process improvements, including the design and implementation of well-defined controls and related control attributes regarding income tax provision and income tax disclosures. | |
| ● | Developing a detailed timeline of the tax provision calculation, to ensure that sufficient time is allocated to complete the process as designed. |
As we continue our evaluation and improve our internal control over financial reporting, management may identify and take additional measures to address control deficiencies. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in remediating the material weaknesses in a timely manner.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except as noted above, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the six months ended June 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 except for the following:
The exchange ratio will not change or otherwise be adjusted based on the market price of our common stock as the exchange ratio depends on our net cash at the closing and not the market price of our common stock, so the merger consideration at the closing may have a greater or lesser value than at the time the Merger Agreement was signed.
On July 19, 2024, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the Merger Agreement, with Pharma Two B Ltd., or Pharma Two B, pursuant to which an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Pharma Two B will merge with and into the Company, with the Company surviving as our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, referred to hereinafter as the “Merger.” At the effective time described in the Merger Agreement, outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock will be converted into Pharma Two B ordinary shares. Based on Pharma Two B’s and the Company’s capitalization as of July 19, 2024, the exchange ratio is estimated to be equal to 85% to Pharma Two B and 15% to Hepion shareholders. After applying this estimated exchange ratio and giving effect to the consummation of the transactions set forth in the PIPE Agreements (the “PIPE Investment”), the Company stockholders as of immediately prior to the Merger are expected to own approximately 7.8% of the outstanding ordinary shares of the combined company on a fully-diluted basis, former Pharma Two B shareholders are expected to own approximately 44.5% of the outstanding ordinary shares of the combined company on a fully-diluted basis and the investors issued shares of Company Common Stock in the PIPE Investment are expected to own approximately 47.7% of the outstanding ordinary shares of the combined company on a fully-diluted basis, in each case, subject to certain assumptions, including but not limited to, that the sum of the Hepion Net Cash (as defined in the Merger Agreement) at Closing and the net proceeds from the PIPE Investment are at least $10.0 million. In the event such sum is below $10.0 million, the exchange ratio will be adjusted such that the Company’s stockholders will own a smaller percentage of the combined company following the Merger.
Failure to complete the merger with Pharma Two B Ltd. could harm our common stock price and future business and operations.
If the merger is not completed, we are subject to the following risks:
| ● | the price of our common stock may decline and could fluctuate significantly; and | |
| ● | costs related to the merger, such as financial advisor, legal and accounting fees, a majority of which must be paid even if the merger is not completed. |
If the Merger Agreement is terminated and the board of directors of Pharma Two B determines to seek another business combination, there can be no assurance that we will be able to find another third party to transact a business combination with, yielding comparable or greater benefits.
If the conditions to the Merger are not satisfied or waived, the merger may not occur.
Even if the merger is approved by the stockholders of Pharma Two B, specified conditions must be satisfied or, to the extent permitted by applicable law, waived to complete the merger. These conditions are set forth in the Merger Agreement. We cannot assure you that all of the conditions to the consummation of the merger will be satisfied or waived. If the conditions are not satisfied or waived, the merger may not occur or the closing may be delayed.
The Merger may be completed even though material adverse changes may result from the announcement of the Merger, industry-wide changes and other causes.
In general, either Pharma Two B or the Company can refuse to complete the Merger if there is a material adverse change affecting the other party between July 19, 2024, the date of the Merger Agreement, and the Closing. However, certain types of changes do not permit either party to refuse to complete the Merger, even if such change could be said to have a “material adverse effect” on Pharma Two B or the Company, including:
| ● | any change in law, regulatory policies, accounting standards or principles (including GAAP) or any guidance relating thereto or interpretation thereof; |
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| ● | any change in interest rates or economic, political, business or financial market conditions generally (including changes in credit, financial, commodities, securities or banking markets); |
| ● | any change generally affecting any of the industries in which Pharma Two B and its subsidiaries or the Company operates or the economy as a whole; |
| ● | the announcement or the execution of the Merger Agreement, the pendency of the transactions contemplated therein, or the performance of the Merger Agreement, including, with respect to Pharma Two B and its subsidiaries or the Company, losses or threatened losses of employees, customers, suppliers, vendors, distributors or others having relationships with Pharma Two B and its subsidiaries or the Company; |
| ● | any weather conditions, earthquake, hurricane, tsunami, tornado, flood, mudslide, wild fire or other natural disaster, act of God or other force majeure event; and |
| ● | any acts of terrorism, sabotage, war, riot, the outbreak or escalation of hostilities, or change in geopolitical conditions. |
If adverse changes occur and Pharma Two B and the Company still complete the Merger, the combined company’s share price may suffer. This in turn may reduce the value of the Merger to the shareholders of Pharma Two B, the Company or both.
If Pharma Two B and the Company complete the Merger, the combined company will need to raise additional capital by issuing equity securities or additional debt or through licensing arrangements, which may cause significant dilution to the combined company’s shareholders or restrict the combined company’s operations.
On July 19, 2024, the Pharma Two B entered into the PIPE Agreements with certain investors, including existing investors of Pharma Two B, pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase, in the aggregate, $11.5 million in shares of the combined company ordinary shares. The closing of the PIPE Investment is conditioned upon the closing of the Merger, as well as certain other conditions such that the ordinary shares of the combined company issued in the PIPE Investment will result in dilution to all securityholders of the combined company (i.e., both former Company securityholders and Pharma Two B securityholders).
Even if the PIPE Investment closes as expected, the combined company will need to raise additional capital in the future. Additional financing may not be available to the combined company when it is needed or may not be available on favorable terms. To the extent that the combined company raises additional capital by issuing equity securities, such financing will cause additional dilution to all securityholders holders of the combined company, including former Company securityholders, Pharma Two B securityholders and purchasers in the PIPE Investment. It is also possible that the terms of any new equity securities may have preferences over the combined company’s ordinary shares. Any debt financing into which the combined company enters may involve covenants that restrict operations. These restrictive covenants may include limitations on additional borrowing and specific restrictions on the use of the combined company’s assets, as well as prohibitions on its ability to grant liens, pay dividends, redeem its shares or make investments. In addition, if the combined company raises additional funds through licensing arrangements, the terms of such arrangements may not be favorable to the combined company.
Some of our directors have interests in the Merger that are different from yours and that may influence them to support or approve the Merger without regard to your interests.
Some of our directors may have interests in the Merger that are different from, or in addition to, the interests of other of our stockholders generally. These interests with respect to our directors may include, among others, acceleration of stock option or restricted stock unit vesting, retention bonus payments, extension of exercisability periods of previously issued stock option grants, and rights to continued indemnification, expense advancement and insurance coverage. In connection with the Merger, each option to purchase shares of Company common stock held by the Company’s directors as of the effective time will vest in full upon the closing of the merger. Two members of the Company’s board of directors, Dr. Timothy Block and Michael Purcell, will continue as directors of the combined company after the effective time, and, following the closing of the Merger, will be eligible to be compensated as non-employee directors of the combined company.
In addition, certain current members of Pharma Two Bs’ board of directors will continue as directors of the combined company after the effective time, and, following the closing of the merger, will be eligible to be compensated as non-employee directors of the combined company pursuant to our non-employee director compensation policy that is expected to remain in place following the effective time.
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Our board of directors was aware of and considered those interests, among other matters, in reaching their decisions to approve and adopt the Merger Agreement, approve the merger, and recommend the approval of the Merger Agreement to our stockholders. These interests, among other factors, may have influenced the directors and executive officers of each company to support or approve the merger.
Our stockholders may not realize a benefit from the merger commensurate with the ownership dilution they will experience in connection with the Merger, including the conversion of Company common stock issued in the pre-closing financing.
If the combined company is unable to realize the full strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the merger, our stockholders will have experienced substantial dilution of their ownership interests without receiving any commensurate benefit, or only receiving part of the commensurate benefit to the extent the combined company is able to realize only part of the strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the merger.
If the merger is not completed, our stock price may decline significantly.
The market price of our common stock is subject to significant fluctuations. Market prices for securities of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other life science companies have historically been particularly volatile. In addition, the market price of our common stock will likely be volatile based on whether stockholders and other investors believe that we can complete the merger or otherwise raise additional capital to support our operations if the merger is not consummated and another strategic transaction cannot be identified, negotiated and consummated in a timely manner, if at all. The volatility of the market price of our common stock has been and may be exacerbated by low trading volume.
Our securityholders will generally have a reduced ownership and voting interest in, and will exercise less influence over the management of, the combined company following the completion of the Merger as compared to their current ownership and voting interests in the respective companies.
After the completion of the Merger, our current stockholders will generally own a smaller percentage of the combined company than their ownership of our company prior to the Merger. Immediately after the Merger, and immediately prior to the PIPE investment, our stockholders are expected to own approximately 15% of the outstanding shares of the combined company. After the PIPE investment, our stockholders are expected to own approximately 7.8% of the outstanding shares of the combined company on a fully-diluted basis, subject to certain assumptions. Under certain circumstances further described in the Merger Agreement, the ownership percentages may be adjusted up or down including depending on the amount of cash on our balance sheet at Closing.
During the pendency of the Merger, we may not be able to enter into a business combination with another party on more favorable terms because of restrictions in the Merger Agreement, which could adversely affect their respective business prospects.
Covenants in the Merger Agreement impede our ability to make acquisitions during the pendency of the Merger, subject to specified exceptions. As a result, if the Merger is not completed, the parties may be at a disadvantage to their competitors during that period. In addition, while the Merger Agreement is in effect, each party is generally prohibited from soliciting, seeking, initiating or knowingly encouraging, inducing or facilitating the communication, making, submission or announcement of any acquisition proposal or acquisition inquiry or taking any action that could reasonably be expected to lead to certain transactions involving a third party, including a merger, sale of assets or other business combination, subject to specified exceptions. Any such transactions could be favorable to such party’s stockholders, but the parties may be unable to pursue them.
ITEM 5. Other Information
During
the three months ended June 30, 2024, no director or officer
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (Registrant) | ||
| Date: 08/13/2024 | By: | /s/ JOHN BRANCACCIO |
| John Brancaccio | ||
| Interim Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: 08/13/2024 | By: | /s/ JOHN BRANCACCIO |
| John Brancaccio | ||
| Interim Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ||
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