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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, included herein, was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements, and in management’s opinion, include all adjustments, which consist of only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022 and its results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the current fiscal year or any other future periods. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

 

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, among others, those related to income taxes, the realizability of inventory, stock-based compensation, contingencies, revenue-related reserves, fair value measurements, goodwill, and useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, market conditions, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of COVID-19, it is reasonably possible that it could materially impact the Company’s estimates, particularly those noted above that require consideration of forecasted financial information, in the near to medium term. The ultimate impact will depend on numerous evolving factors that the Company may not be able to accurately predict, including the duration and extent of the pandemic, the impact of federal, state, local and foreign governmental actions, consumer behavior in response to the pandemic and other economic and operational conditions the Company may face.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

 

The Company did not have any other comprehensive income or loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Accordingly, net loss and comprehensive loss are the same for the periods presented.

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash

 

Restricted cash includes cash deposits required under the Company’s 2020 Vehicle Floorplan Facility as explained in Note 10 – Vehicle Floorplan Facilities, and cash deposits of $113.7 million required under cash collateral agreements with certain of the Company's lenders. Additionally, as of March 31, 2022, restricted cash also includes restricted cash for UACC. UACC collects and services all receivables under the securitizations and warehouse credit facilities. These collections are restricted for use until properly remitted each month under the terms of the servicing agreement. Refer to Note 11 — Warehouse Credit Facilities of Consolidated VIEs and Note 12 — Long Term Debt for further detail.

Finance Receivables Finance Receivables

 

Finance receivables consist of installment contracts the Company originates through UACC to finance the vehicles it sells, as well as installment contracts acquired by UACC from its existing network of third-party dealership customers.

 

The Company's finance receivables are generally secured by the vehicles being financed.

 

Finance receivables over 90 days delinquent are considered nonaccrual finance receivables. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. Finance receivables may be restored to accrual status when a customer settles all delinquency balances and future interest and principal payments are reasonably assured.
Finance Receivables Held for Sale, Net Finance Receivables Held for Sale, Net

 

Finance receivables which the Company intends to sell and not hold to maturity are classified as held-for-sale. The Company intends to sell finance receivables either through securitization transactions or whole loan sales under

forward flow arrangements. Finance receivables classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. Deferred acquisition costs and any discounts or premiums are deferred until the finance receivables are sold and are then recognized as part of the total gain or loss on sale and recorded in “Finance Revenue” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

The Company records an allowance to report finance receivables at the lower of amortized cost basis or fair value. For purposes of determining the allowance, finance receivables are evaluated collectively to determine the allowance as they represent a large group of smaller-balance homogeneous loans. To the extent that actual experience differs from estimates, there could be significant adjustments to our allowance. Fair value adjustments are recorded in "Other loss (income), net" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Principal balances of finance receivables are charged-off when we are unable to sell the finance receivable and the related vehicle has been repossessed and liquidated or the receivable has otherwise been deemed uncollectible. As of March 31, 2022, the allowance for finance receivables classified as held for sale was not material. Refer to Note 16 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.

Finance Receivables at Fair Value Finance Receivables at Fair Value

 

Finance receivables at fair value represent finance receivables for which the Company elected the fair value option on February 1, 2022 and primarily consists of the finance receivables held in consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs") related to securitization transactions consummated prior to the Acquisition Date. Fair value adjustments are recorded in "Other loss (income), net" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 16 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.

Consolidated CFEs

Consolidated CFEs

 

The Company elected the fair value option for the initial recognition of the assets and liabilities of its consolidated VIEs related to the 2020 and 2021 historical securitizations acquired from UACC. These VIEs are consolidated collateralized financing entities (CFEs) and are accounted for using the measurement alternative included in ASU 2014-13, Measuring the Financial Assets and Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (“ASU 2014-13"). Interest income, interest expense and other loss or income associated with these CFEs are presented separately on the condensed consolidated statements of operations, within the “Finance revenue”, “Finance cost of sales” and “Other loss (income), net” line items, respectively. The assets and liabilities of the CFEs are presented as part of the current and noncurrent “Finance receivables at fair value” and “Securitization debt of consolidated VIEs at fair value,” respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

 

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized interest income of $10.9 million, interest expense of $0.8 million, and other net losses due to changes in fair value of $12.0 million. Refer to Note 16 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements for further details.

Goodwill

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of October 1 or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist.

 

The Company has four reporting units: Ecommerce, Wholesale, TDA and Retail Financing. In performing its goodwill impairment test, the Company first reviews qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing qualitative factors, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is more than its carrying amount, then performing the quantitative test is unnecessary and the Company’s goodwill is not considered to be impaired. However, if based on the qualitative assessment the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if the Company elects to bypass the optional qualitative assessment as provided for under U.S. GAAP, the Company proceeds with performing the quantitative impairment test.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

 

The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. The Company will continue to collect information and reevaluate these estimates and assumptions quarterly and record any adjustments to the Company’s preliminary estimates to goodwill provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments will be recorded to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

Advertising

Advertising

 

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expenses were $33.7 million and $29.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Shipping and Handling

Shipping and Handling

 

Logistics costs related to inbound transportation from the point of acquisition to the relevant reconditioning facility are included in cost of sales when the related used vehicle is sold. Logistics costs not included in cost of sales are accounted for as costs to fulfill contracts with customers and are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and were $26.7 million and $15.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

 

The Company’s principal financial instruments subject to potential concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable, which are unsecured. The Company’s cash balances are maintained at various large, reputable financial institutions. Deposits held with financial institutions may at times exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, management believes they bear minimal risk. The Company’s cash equivalents primarily consist of money market funds that hold investments in highly liquid U.S. treasury securities and commercial paper investments. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is generally mitigated by a large customer base.

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, no customer represented 10% or more of the Company’s revenues and no customer represented more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Liquidity

Liquidity

 

The Company has had negative cash flows and losses from operations since inception and expects to incur additional losses in the future.

 

In June 2021, the Company issued $625.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% unsecured Convertible Senior Notes due 2026. Refer to Note 12 – Long Term Debt for further discussion.

 

The Company has a Vehicle Floorplan Facility with a borrowing capacity of $700.0 million as of December 31, 2021. Refer to Note 10 – Vehicle Floorplan Facilities for further discussion.

 

In February 2022, UACC sold $281.4 million of rated asset-backed securities and $32.3 million of residual certificates in an auto loan securitization offering from a securitization trust, established and sponsored by UACC, for proceeds of $317.3 million. The trust is collateralized by finance receivables with an aggregate principal balance of $318.5 million and had a carrying value of $287.7 million at the time of sale. These finance receivables are serviced by UACC.

UACC retained 5% of the notes and residual certificates sold. Refer to Note 4 – Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations for further discussion.

 

UACC has three warehouse credit facilities from a diverse bank group with a borrowing capacity of $350.0 million as of March 31, 2022. Refer to Note 11 – Warehouse Credit Facilities of Consolidated VIEs for further discussion.

Non-Employee Share-Based Payments

Nonemployee Share-Based Payments

 

On May 15, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with Rocket Auto LLC and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Rocket”) providing for the launch of an ecommerce platform under the “Rocket Auto” brand for the marketing and sale of vehicles directly to consumers (the “RA Agreement”). The Company lists its used vehicle inventory for sale on the Rocket Auto platform, but all sales of the Company’s inventory are conducted through the Company’s platform. During the term of the RA Agreement, Rocket has agreed to ensure that not less than a minimum percentage of all used vehicles sold or leased through the platform on a monthly basis will be Vroom inventory. The Company issued Rocket 183,870 shares of the Company’s common stock upon execution of the RA Agreement. The Company will pay Rocket a combination of cash and stock for vehicle sales made through the platform. Rocket may earn up to 8,641,914 shares of common stock over a four-year period based upon sales volume of Vroom inventory through the Rocket Auto platform. We have been engaged in discussions with Rocket regarding a potential restructuring of our relationship with regard to the Rocket Auto platform and have agreed to suspend the RA Agreement as of April 26, 2022 pending the outcome if further discussions.

 

The Company accounts for the issuance of its common stock under the RA agreement in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, including the provisions that apply to share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. The Company determined that the grant date was May 15, 2020, for both the upfront shares issued and the additional shares that potentially are to be issued based on sales volume through the Rocket Auto platform. The fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date was determined to be $11.57 per share. The grant date fair value of the upfront shares issued was initially recognized as an asset within “Other assets” in the consolidated balance sheet, which will subsequently be amortized within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” over the term of the RA agreement commencing on the launch date. The grant date fair value of the potential shares to be issued will be recognized within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” as sales of Vroom’s inventory associated with the Rocket Auto platform occur and such shares are earned.

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

 

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized in accordance with Topic 606 as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.