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Stock-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation

Under the OUTFRONT Media Inc. Amended and Restated Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (the “Stock Plan”), we have 8,000,000 shares of our common stock reserved for the issuance of stock-based awards. Under the Stock Plan, the board of directors is authorized to grant awards of options to purchase shares of our common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted stock, restricted share units (“RSUs”), dividend equivalents, performance awards, including performance-based restricted share units (“PRSUs”), and other equity-related awards and cash payments to all of our employees and non-employee directors and employees of our subsidiaries. In addition, consultants and advisors who perform services for us and our subsidiaries may, under certain conditions, receive grants under the Stock Plan.

RSUs and PRSUs accrue dividend equivalents in amounts equal to the regular cash dividends paid on our common stock and will be paid in either cash or stock. Accrued dividend equivalents payable in stock shall convert to shares of our common stock on the date of vesting.

Compensation expense for RSUs is determined based upon the market price of the shares underlying the awards on the date of grant and expensed over the vesting period, which is generally a three- to four-year service period. For PRSU awards, the number of shares an employee earns may range from 0% to 120% based on the outcome of a one year performance condition. Compensation expense is recorded based on the probable outcome of the performance condition. On an annual basis, our board of directors will review actual performance and certify the degree to which performance goals applicable to the award have been met. Forfeitures of RSUs are recorded as incurred. On an annual basis, adjustments are made to compensation expense based on actual forfeitures and the forfeiture rates are revised as necessary.

The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense for 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
RSUs and PRSUs
 
$
20.3

 
$
17.8

 
$
14.9

Stock options
 
0.2

 
0.2

 
0.3

Stock-based compensation expense, before income taxes
 
20.5

 
18.0

 
15.2

Tax benefit
 
(2.0
)
 
(1.9
)
 
(1.3
)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax
 
$
18.5

 
$
16.1

 
$
13.9



As of December 31, 2017, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs and PRSUs was $18.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

RSUs and PRSUs

The following table summarizes the 2017 activity of the RSUs and PRSUs issued to our employees.
 
 
Activity
 
Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Market Value
Non-vested as of December 31, 2016
 
1,637,141

 
$
22.71

Granted:
 
 
 
 
RSUs
 
569,365

 
26.70

PRSUs
 
254,931

 
27.17

Vested:
 
 
 
 
RSUs
 
(545,828
)
 
23.20

PRSUs
 
(213,389
)
 
24.36

Forfeitures:
 
 
 
 
RSUs
 
(47,750
)
 
24.12

PRSUs
 
(22,350
)
 
19.01

Non-vested as of December 31, 2017
 
1,632,120

 
24.43



The total fair value of RSUs and PRSUs that vested was $20.0 million during 2017, $11.6 million during 2016 and $17.3 million during 2015.

Stock Options

Stock options vest over a four-year service period and expire eight or ten years from the date of grant. Forfeitures of stock options are recorded as incurred.

The following table summarizes the activity of stock options issued to our employees.
 
 
Activity
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016
 
294,897

 
$
15.72

Exercised
 
(129,604
)
 
9.37

Outstanding as of December 31, 2017
 
165,293

 
20.69

 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017
 
165,293

 
20.69



The following table summarizes other information relating to stock option exercises.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Cash paid by our employees for stock option exercises
 
$
1.2

 
$

 
$
2.0

Tax benefit of stock option exercises
 
0.1

 

 
0.1

Intrinsic value of stock option exercises
 
2.1

 

 
1.8



The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable stock options to purchase our common stock under the Stock Plan as of December 31, 2017.
 
 
Outstanding
 
Exercisable
Range of
Exercise Price
 
Number
of
Options
 
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
$5 to 9.99
 
23,446

 
0.16
 
6.25
 
23,446

 
6.25
$10 to 14.99
 
28,488

 
1.62
 
12.12
 
28,488

 
12.12
$20 to 24.99
 
9,946

 
3.12
 
20.07
 
9,946

 
20.07
$25 to 29.99
 
103,413

 
3.72
 
26.39
 
103,413

 
26.39
 
 
165,293

 
 
 
 
 
165,293

 
 


Stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2017, have a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.82 years and the total intrinsic value for “in-the-money” options, based on the closing stock price of our common stock of $23.20, was $0.7 million. Stock options exercisable as of December 31, 2017, have a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.82 years and the total intrinsic value for “in-the-money” exercisable options was $0.7 million.