10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission file number: 001-36153

Criteo S.A.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

France			Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
32, rue Blanche	Paris	France	75009
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

+33 1 40 40 22 90

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
American Depositary Shares, each representing one Ordinary Share, nominal value €0.025 per share		CRTO	Nasdaq Global Select Market
​Ordinary Shares, nominal value €0.025 per share​	*		Nasdaq Global Select Market	*

* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has not elected to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   Yes  ☐      No x

          As of October 31, 2019, the registrant had 64,077,759 ordinary shares, nominal value €0.025 per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	2
Item 1	Financial Statements	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholder's Equity (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	53
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	54
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	55
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	55
Item 1A	Risk Factors	55
Item 6	Exhibits	57
Signatures		58

General

Except where the context otherwise requires, all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q") to the "Company," "Criteo," "we," "us," "our" or similar words or phrases are to Criteo S.A. and its subsidiaries, taken together. In this Form 10-Q, references to "$" and "US$" are to United States dollars. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or "U.S. GAAP."

Trademarks

“Criteo,” the Criteo logo and other trademarks or service marks of Criteo appearing in this Form 10-Q are the property of Criteo. Trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this Form 10-Q are the property of their respective holders.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. All statements other than present and historical facts and conditions contained in this Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, plans and objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this Form 10-Q, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “is designed to,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “objective,” “should,” or the negative of these and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

• the ability of the Criteo Engine to accurately predict engagement by a user;

• our ability to predict and adapt to changes in widely adopted industry platforms and other new technologies;

• our ability to continue to collect and utilize data about user behavior and interaction with advertisers;

• our ability to acquire an adequate supply of advertising inventory from publishers on terms that are favorable to us;

• our ability to meet the challenges of a growing and international company in a rapidly developing and changing industry, including our ability to forecast accurately;

• our ability to maintain an adequate rate of revenue growth and sustain profitability;

• our ability to manage our international operations and expansion and the integration of our acquisitions;

• the effects of increased competition in our market;

• our ability to adapt to regulatory, legislative or self-regulatory developments regarding internet privacy matters;

• our ability to protect users’ information and adequately address privacy concerns;

• our ability to enhance our brand;

• our ability to enter new marketing channels and new geographies;

• our ability to effectively scale our technology platform;

• our ability to attract and retain qualified employees and key personnel;

• our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our brand and intellectual property; and

• failures in our systems or infrastructure.

You should also refer to Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and to Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this Form 10-Q, for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame or at all. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

You should read this Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference in this Form 10-Q and have filed as exhibits to this Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary factors.

     This Form 10-Q may contain market data and industry forecasts that were obtained from industry publications. These data and forecasts involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such information. We have not independently verified any third-party information. While we believe the market position, market opportunity and market size information included in this Form 10-Q is generally reliable, such information is inherently imprecise.

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CRITEO S.A. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED)

	Notes	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
		(in thousands)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	3	$	364,426		$	409,178
Trade receivables, net of allowances of $25.9 million and $15.8 million at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively	4	473,901			356,699
Income taxes		19,370			22,412
Other taxes		53,338			52,810
Other current assets	5	22,816			18,165
Total current assets		933,851			859,264
Property, plant and equipment, net		184,013			197,522
Intangible assets, net	6	112,036			95,701
Goodwill	6	312,881			314,872
Right of use assets - operating lease	8	—			169,921
Non-current financial assets		20,460			21,251
Deferred tax assets		33,894			43,357
Total non-current assets		663,284			842,624
Total assets		$	1,597,135		$	1,701,888
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Trade payables		$	425,376		$	322,284
Contingencies	14	2,640			4,183
Income taxes		7,725			2,751
Financial liabilities - current portion	3	1,018			2,827
Operating lease liabilities - current portion	8	—			49,367
Other taxes		55,592			48,313
Employee - related payables		65,878			59,824
Other current liabilities	7	47,115			38,868
Total current liabilities		605,344			528,417
Deferred tax liabilities		10,770			8,208
Retirement benefit obligation		5,537			8,740
Financial liabilities - non current portion	3	2,490			937
Operating lease liabilities - non current portion	8	—			135,841
Other non-current liabilities		5,103			5,340
Total non-current liabilities		23,900			159,066
Total liabilities		629,244			687,483
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Common shares, €0.025 par value, 67,708,203 and 66,173,983 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively.		2,201			2,157
Treasury stock, 3,459,119 and 1,807,251 shares at cost as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively.		(79,159		)	(38,774		)
Additional paid-in capital		663,281			663,439
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)		(30,522		)	(58,382		)
Retained earnings		387,869			414,594
Equity-attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.		943,670			983,034
Non-controlling interests		24,221			31,371
Total equity		967,891			1,014,405
Total equity and liabilities		$	1,597,135		$	1,701,888

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

CRITEO S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	Notes		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
		(in thousands, except share per data)
Revenue	9		$	528,869		$	522,606		$	1,630,218		$	1,608,876
Cost of revenue:
Traffic acquisition costs			(305,387		)	(301,901		)	(936,096		)	(928,559		)
Other cost of revenue			(32,921		)	(31,101		)	(92,937		)	(86,205		)
Gross profit			190,561			189,604			601,185			594,112
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses			(41,796		)	(41,414		)	(134,658		)	(132,006		)
Sales and operations expenses			(90,526		)	(85,985		)	(278,901		)	(277,397		)
General and administrative expenses			(32,463		)	(32,835		)	(102,698		)	(102,372		)
Total operating expenses			(164,785		)	(160,234		)	(516,257		)	(511,775		)
Income from operations			25,776			29,370			84,928			82,337
Financial income (expense)	11		(1,007		)	(900		)	(3,338		)	(4,228		)
Income before taxes			24,769			28,470			81,590			78,109
Provision for income taxes	12		(6,821		)	(7,913		)	(27,845		)	(23,614		)
Net income			$	17,948		$	20,557		$	53,745		$	54,495
Net income available to shareholders of Criteo S.A.			$	17,143		$	18,778		$	50,678		$	48,721
Net income available to non-controlling interests			$	805		$	1,779		$	3,067		$	5,774
Net income allocated to shareholders of Criteo S.A. per share:
Basic	13		$	0.26		$	0.29		$	0.76		$	0.75
Diluted	13		$	0.25		$	0.28		$	0.75		$	0.74
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing per share amounts:
Basic	13		67,075,453			64,868,545			66,531,371			64,600,869
Diluted	13		68,625,673			66,067,045			67,864,802			65,916,219

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

CRITEO S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	17,948		$	20,557		$	53,745		$	54,495
Foreign currency translation differences, net of taxes	(5,539		)	(24,202		)	(14,210		)	(25,096		)
Actuarial (losses) gains on employee benefits, net of taxes	23			(689		)	436			(2,327		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(5,516	)	$	(24,891	)	$	(13,774	)	$	(27,423	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	12,432		$	(4,334	)	$	39,971		$	27,072
Attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$	12,076		$	(6,015	)	$	37,127		$	20,827
Attributable to non-controlling interests	$	356		$	1,681		$	2,844		$	6,245

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

CRITEO S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

	Share capital		Treasury Stock		Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Earnings	Equity - attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	Non controlling interest	Total equity
	Common shares		Shares
	(in thousands, except share amounts )
Balance at December 31, 2017	66,085,097	$2,152	—	—	$591,404	$(12,241)	$300,210	$881,525	$16,173	$897,698
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	19,809	19,809	1,281	21,090
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	—	—	—	24,947	—	24,947	937	25,884
Issuance of ordinary shares	163,254	1	—	—	597	—	—	598	—	598
Change in treasury stocks	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Share-Based Compensation	—	—	—	—	18,284	—	—	18,284	112	18,396
Other changes in equity	—	4	—	—	(4)	4	1	5	—	5
Balance at March 31, 2018	66,248,351	$2,157	—	—	$610,281	$12,710	$320,020	$945,168	$18,503	$963,671
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	13,726	13,726	981	14,707
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	—	—	—	(33,432)	—	(33,432)	(710)	(34,142)
Issuance of ordinary shares	612,694	3	—	—	820	—	—	823	—	823
Change in treasury stocks	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Share-Based Compensation	—	—	—	—	19,676	—	—	19,676	142	19,818
Other changes in equity	—	17	—	—	(5)	—	(21)	(9)	—	(9)
Balance at June 30, 2018	66,861,045	$2,177	—	—	$630,772	$(20,722)	$333,725	$945,952	$18,916	$964,868
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	17,143	17,143	805	17,948
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	—	—	—	(5,066)	—	(5,066)	(450)	(5,516)
Issuance of ordinary shares	369,991	—	—	—	423	—	—	423	—	423
Change in treasury stocks	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Share-Based Compensation	—	—	—	—	16,944	—	—	16,944	109	17,053
Other changes in equity	—	5	—	—	—	—	4,135	4,140	—	4,140
Balance at September 30, 2018	67,231,036	$2,182	—	—	$648,139	$(25,788)	$355,003	$979,536	$19,380	$998,916

5

	Share capital		Treasury Stock		Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Earnings	Equity - attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	Non controlling interest	Total equity
	Common shares		Shares
	(in thousands, except share amounts )
Balance at December 31, 2018	67,708,203	$2,201	(3,459,119)	$(79,159)	$663,281	$(30,522)	$387,869	$943,670	$24,221	$967,891
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	19,120	19,120	2,281	21,401
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	—	—	—	(11,347)	—	(11,347)	(198)	(11,545)
Issuance of ordinary shares	28,596	1	—	—	372	—	—	373	—	373
Change in treasury stocks	(1,594,288)	(45)	1,786,715	40,080	(36,091)	—	(3,944)	—	—	—
Share-Based Compensation	—	—	—	—	13,533	—	—	13,533	(11)	13,522
Other changes in equity	—		—	—	(1)	—	155	154	—	154
Balance at March 31, 2019	66,142,511	$2,157	(1,672,404)	$(39,079)	$641,094	$(41,869)	$403,200	$965,503	$26,293	$991,796
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	10,823	10,823	1,714	12,537
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	—	—	—	8,246	—	8,246	767	9,013
Issuance of ordinary shares	19,012	—	—	—	252	—	—	252	—	252
Change in treasury stocks	—	—	553,435	12,515	—	—	(12,515)	—	—	—
Share-Based Compensation	—	—	—	—	11,254	—	—	11,254	108	11,362
Other changes in equity	—	—	—	—	(28)	330	(299)	3	—	3
Balance at June 30, 2019	66,161,523	$2,157	(1,118,969)	$(26,564)	$652,572	$(33,293)	$401,209	$996,081	$28,882	$1,024,963
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	18,778	18,778	1,779	20,557
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	—	—	—	(24,793)	—	(24,793)	(98)	(24,891)
Issuance of ordinary shares	12,460	—	—	—	132	—	—	132	—	132
Change in treasury stocks	—	—	(688,282)	(12,210)	—	(296)	(5,393)	(17,899)	—	(17,899)
Share-Based Compensation	—	—	—	—	10,735	—	—	10,735	81	10,816
Effect of change in Consolidation scope	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	727	727
Other changes in equity	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Balance at September 30, 2019	66,173,983	$2,157	(1,807,251)	$(38,774)	$663,439	$(58,382)	$414,594	$983,034	$31,371	$1,014,405

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

CRITEO S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

		Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Net income		$	17,948		$	20,557		$	53,745		$	54,495
Non-cash and non-operating items		28,379			18,776			103,808			72,735
- Amortization and provisions		27,891			19,455			79,040			57,381
- Equity awards compensation expense (1)		17,262			11,165			56,333			36,760
- Change in deferred taxes		(1,806		)	(2,710		)	(9,341		)	(1,374		)
- Change in income taxes		(14,988		)	(9,309		)	(18,988		)	(19,939		)
- Other (2)		20			175			(3,236		)	(93		)
Changes in working capital related to operating activities		3,929			3,956			17,573			36,243
- Decrease in trade receivables		12,931			14,821			114,377			120,164
- Increase/(Decrease) in trade payables		13,091			(4,415		)	(76,599		)	(77,895		)
- (Increase)/Decrease in other current assets		(8,229		)	638			5,550			2,150
- (Decrease) in other current liabilities (2)		(13,864		)	(10,177		)	(25,755		)	(4,726		)
- Change in operating lease liabilities and right of use assets		—			3,089			—			(3,450		)
CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES		50,256			43,289			175,126			163,473
Acquisition of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment		(60,627		)	(27,239		)	(86,920		)	(69,343		)
Change in accounts payable related to intangible assets, property, plant and equipment		30,971			3,295			6,850			(11,077		)
(Payment for) disposal of a business, net of cash acquired (disposed)		(38,100		)	106			(48,911		)	(4,582		)
Change in other non-current financial assets		(45		)	(165		)	(3		)	(1,349		)
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(67,801		)	(24,003		)	(128,984		)	(86,351		)
Repayment of borrowings		(248		)	(167		)	(721		)	(506		)
Net payments related to equity award activities		212			725			774			638
Change in treasury stocks		—			(17,603		)	—			(17,603		)
Change in other financial liabilities (2)		(136		)	(928		)	16,674			(1,167		)
CASH FROM (USED FOR) FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(172		)	(17,973		)	16,727			(18,638		)
Effect of exchange rates changes on cash and cash equivalents (2)		(3,878		)	(14,188		)	(18,290		)	(13,732		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(21,595		)	(12,875		)	44,579			44,752
Net cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		480,285			422,053			414,111			364,426
Net cash and cash equivalents at end of period		$	458,690		$	409,178		$	458,690		$	409,178
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds		(23,614		)	(19,932		)	(56,174		)	(44,927		)
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized		(422		)	(337		)	(1,262		)	(1,095		)

⁽¹⁾ Share-based compensation expense according to ASC 718 Compensation - stock compensation accounted for $17.1 million and $10.8 million of equity awards compensation expense for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and $55.3 million and $35.7 million of equity awards compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

⁽²⁾ During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, and the nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, the Company reported the cash impact of the settlement of hedging derivatives related to financing activities in cash from (used for) financing activities in the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

CRITEO S.A.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

We are a global technology company building the leading advertising platform for the open Internet. We strive to deliver impactful business results at scale to commerce companies and consumer brands by meeting their marketing goals at their targeted return on investment. Using shopping data, predictive technology and large consumer reach, we help our clients drive Awareness, Consideration and Conversion for their products and services¹, and help retailers generate advertising revenues from brands. Our data is pooled among our clients and offers deep insights into consumer intent and purchasing habits. To drive measurable results for clients, we activate our data assets through proprietary artificial intelligence ("AI") technology to engage consumers in real time through the pricing and delivery of highly relevant digital advertisements ("ads"), across devices and environments. By pricing our offering on a range of pricing models and measuring our value based on clear, well-defined performance metrics, we make the return on investment transparent and easy to measure for advertisers.

In these notes, Criteo S.A. is referred to as the "Parent" company and together with its subsidiaries, collectively, as "Criteo," the "Company," the "Group," or "we".

^{___________________________________________________} 

¹ Driving Awareness for a brand means exposing its brand name to consumers who have not been in touch with the brand before, thereby creating brand awareness from such consumers. Driving Consideration for an advertiser's products or services means attracting prospective new consumers to consider engaging with and/or buying this advertiser's products or services. Driving Conversion for an advertisers' products or services means triggering a purchase by consumers who have already engaged with this advertisers products or services in the past.

8

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein (the "Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements") have been prepared by Criteo S.A. pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to state fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for any subsequent interim period or for the fiscal year.

Conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical information and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results may differ from these estimates. U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments in several areas, including, but not limited to: (1) revenue recognition criteria, (2) allowances for doubtful accounts, (3) research tax credits, (4) income taxes, including i) recognition of deferred tax assets arising from the subsidiaries projected taxable profit for future years, ii) evaluation of uncertain tax positions associated with our transfer pricing policy and iii) recognition of income tax position in respect of the tax reform in France voted in December 2018, (5) assumptions used in valuing acquired assets and assumed liabilities in business combinations, (6) assumptions used in the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, and (7) assumptions used in the valuation model to determine the fair value of share-based compensation plan.

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, except for the accounting pronouncements adopted below.

Accounting Pronouncements adopted in 2019

Effective January 1, 2019, we have adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board, ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 842 No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet for operating leases with terms of more than 12 months, in addition to those currently recorded. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, which included an option not to restate comparative periods in transition and use the effective date of ASC 842, Leases, as the date of the initial application of transition, which we elected. Prior periods have not been adjusted and continue to be accounted for in accordance with ASC 840. As a result of adopting ASU 842, we recognized total operating lease liabilities of $223.5 million and operating right-of-use assets of $204.3 million as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASC 842 had an immaterial impact on our condensed consolidated statements of income and our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three month and the nine month period ended September 30, 2019. Refer to Note 8. Leases, for additional information and required disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2019, we have adopted ASU 2018 - 07, Improvements to Non-Employee Sharebased Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU expands Topic 718 to include share base payments for goods or services to non employees. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 (ASU 2016-13) Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model which requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. This will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We will adopt ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020 with the cumulative effect of adoption recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The adoption of the standard is expected to mainly impact our process for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts; however, the impact on the consolidated financial statements is not expected to be material.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software - Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. This ASU was issued to clarify the accounting for implementation costs incurred for SaaS agreements. Previously the guidance only referred to development of internal use software and the accounting for SaaS agreements was not clarified. This ASU states that the implementation costs should be capitalized. We will adopt ASU 2018-15 effective January 1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact on our financial position, results of operations, and statement of cash flows.

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Note 2. Significant Events and Transactions of the Period

Change in estimated useful life of servers and other data center equipment

During the first quarter of 2019, we revised our estimate of the useful life of all servers and other equipment used in our data centers from 3 to 5 years. This change in estimate was determined based on a revised commissioning plan which extends the period equipment from 3 to 5 years prior to disposal. This resulted in an increase in income from operations of $31.3 million, increase in net income of $26.7 million, or $0.41 per share, from that which would have been reported had the previous expected useful life of 3 years been used for the nine month period ended September 30, 2019. The impact on the three month period ended September 30, 2019 was an increase in income from operations of $10.3 million, an increase in net income of $8.8 million, or $0.13 per share.

Restructuring

As part of a new organization structure designed to best support its multi-product platform strategy and accelerate execution, the Company incurred net restructuring costs of $0.3 million and $2.9 million for the three months and nine month period ended September 30, 2019, respectively, comprising of costs for termination of facilities and payroll expenses, offset by gains from forfeitures of share-based compensation expense.

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Gain from forfeitures of share-based compensation expense	$	606		$	3,284
Depreciation and amortization (expense)	—			(1,228		)
Payroll costs and Facilities related costs	(909		)	(4,977		)
Total restructuring costs	(303		)	(2,921		)

For the three month period ended September 30, 2019, $(0.2) million was included in Research and Development expenses, and $(0.1) million in Sales and Operations expenses. For the nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, $(0.3) million was included in Research and Development expenses, $(2.2) million in Sales and Operations expenses, and $(0.4) million in General and Administrative expenses.

As of September 30, 2019, $2.0 million is remaining as Restructuring liability.

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Share repurchase program

On October 25, 2018 Criteo's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $80.0 million of the Company’s outstanding American Depositary Shares. As of December 31, 2018, 3.5 million shares were held as treasury shares. We completed this share repurchase program in 2018.

On February 8, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized the reduction of capital resulting in the formal retirement of 1.6 million treasury shares.

On July 26, 2019, Criteo's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $80.0 million of the Company's outstanding American Depositary Shares. As of September 30, 2019, 0.9 million shares were held as treasury shares as part of the share repurchase program authorized on July 26, 2019.

As of September 30, 2019, we have 1.8 million treasury shares remaining which may be used to satisfy the company's obligations under its employee equity plans upon RSU vestings in lieu of issuing new shares, and for M&A.

	Number of Treasury Shares		Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Balance at January 1, 2018	—		$	—
Treasury Shares Repurchased to potentially use for M&A	1,751,147		40,000
Treasury Shares Repurchased for RSU Vesting	1,748,111		40,000
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting	(40,139	)	(841		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	3,459,119		$	79,159
Treasury Shares Retired	(1,594,288	)	$	(36,137	)
Treasury Shares Repurchased to use for M&A or RSU Vesting	914,908		17,603
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting	(972,488	)	(21,851		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	1,807,251		$	38,774

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Note 3. Financial Instruments

Financial assets

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the end of each reported period is represented by the carrying amount of financial assets, and summarized in the following table:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade receivables, net of allowance	473,901		356,699
Other taxes	53,338		52,810
Other current assets	22,816		18,165
Non-current financial assets	20,460		21,251
Total	$	570,515	$	448,925

Credit Risk

We maintain an allowance for estimated credit losses. During the period ended December 31, 2018 and the nine-month period ended September 30, 2019, our net change in allowance for doubtful accounts was $5.1 million and $(10.1) million, respectively.

For our financial assets, the fair value approximates the carrying amount, given the nature of the financial assets and the maturity of the expected cash flows.

Trade Receivables

Credit risk is defined as an unexpected loss in cash and earnings if the client is unable to pay its obligations in due time. We perform internal ongoing credit risk evaluations of our clients. When a possible risk exposure is identified, we require prepayments.

As of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, no customer accounted for 10% or more of trade receivables.

Financial Liabilities

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade payables	$	425,376	$	322,284
Other taxes	55,592		48,313
Employee-related payables	65,878		59,824
Other current liabilities	47,115		38,868
Financial liabilities	3,508		3,764
Total	$	597,469	$	473,053

For our financial liabilities, the fair value approximates the carrying amount, given the nature of the financial liabilities and the maturity of the expected cash flows.

We are party to several loan agreements and a revolving credit facility, or RCF, with third-party financial institutions. There have been no significant changes from what was disclosed in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Fair Value Measurements     

We measure the fair value of our cash equivalents, which include interest-bearing bank deposits, as level 2 measurements because they are valued using observable market data.

Financial assets or liabilities include derivative financial instruments used to manage our exposure to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. These instruments are considered level 2 financial instruments as they are measured using valuation techniques based on observable market data.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivatives consist of foreign currency forward contracts that we use to hedge intercompany transactions and other monetary assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the local currency of a subsidiary. We recognize gains and losses on these contracts in financial income (expense), and their position on the balance sheet is based on their fair value at the end of each respective period. These instruments are considered level 2 financial instruments as they are measured using valuation techniques based on observable market data.

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Derivative Assets:
Included in other current assets	$	1,703	$	—
Derivative Liabilities:
Included in financial liabilities - current portion	$	—	$	493

For our derivative financial instruments, the fair value approximates the carrying amount, given the nature of the derivative financial instruments and the maturity of the expected cash flows.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Investments in interest–bearing bank deposits which meet ASC 230—Statement of Cash flows criteria: short-term, highly liquid investments, for which the risks of changes in value are considered to be insignificant. Interest-bearing bank deposits are considered level 2 financial instruments as they are measured using valuation techniques based on observable market data.

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents	$	125,442	$	167,443
Cash on hand	238,984		241,735
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	364,426	$	409,178

For our cash and cash equivalents, the fair value approximates the carrying amount, given the nature of the cash and cash equivalents and the maturity of the expected cash flows.

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Note 4. Trade Receivables

The following table shows the breakdown in trade receivables net book value for the presented periods:

	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade accounts receivables	$	499,819		$	372,467
(Less) Allowance for doubtful accounts	(25,918		)	(15,768		)
Net book value at end of period	$	473,901		$	356,699

Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts are summarized below:

	2018			2019
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 1	$	(20,818	)	$	(25,918	)
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(13,609		)	(8,357		)
Reversal of provision	9,382			18,117
Currency translation adjustment	703			390
Balance at September 30	$	(24,342	)	$	(15,768	)

The amount charged to allowance for doubtful accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year due to a consistent application of the Company credit policy. The reversal of provision increased during the nine month period ended September 30, 2019, mainly due to payments received and increased write-offs of long outstanding receivables already reserved for which it is certain we will not collect. The Company mitigates its credit risk with respect to accounts receivables by performing credit evaluations and monitoring agencies and advertisers' accounts receivables balances.

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Note 5. Other Current Assets

The following table shows the breakdown in other current assets net book value for the presented periods:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Prepayments to suppliers	$	4,056	$	4,825
Other debtors	4,762		3,749
Prepaid expenses	12,295		9,591
Derivative instruments	1,703		—
Gross book value at end of period	22,816		18,165
Net book value at end of period	$	22,816	$	18,165

Derivative financial instruments include foreign currency swaps or forward purchases or sales contracts used to manage our exposure to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. These instruments are considered level 2 financial instruments as they are measured using valuation techniques based on observable market data.

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Note 6. Intangible assets and Goodwill

There have been no significant changes in intangible assets or goodwill since December 31, 2018. In addition, no triggering events have occurred that would indicate impairment in the balance of either intangible assets or goodwill.

The estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

	Software		Technology and customer relationships		Total
	(in thousands)
From October 1 to December 31, 2019	$	3,040	$	5,401	$	8,441
2020	7,905		16,744		24,649
2021	5,740		16,744		22,484
2022	2,221		11,366		13,587
2023	751		10,233		10,984
Thereafter	34		15,522		15,556
Total	$	19,691	$	76,010	$	95,701

Note 7. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities are presented in the following table:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Clients' prepayments	$	10,328	$	11,396
Credit notes	13,183		16,031
Accounts payable relating to capital expenditures	21,454		9,545
Other creditors	1,527		1,592
Deferred revenue	623		304
Total	$	47,115	$	38,868

The changes in "accounts payable relating to capital expenditures" relate to significant data centers equipment and leasehold improvements acquisitions in 2018 paid during the nine month period ended September 30, 2019.

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Note 8. Leases

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet.

We have adopted Topic 842 effective January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and elected not to restate comparative periods. We chose to use certain practical expedients offered by the standard including:

• We did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or the initial direct costs for any existing leases.

• We do not recognize a lease liability or right of use asset for leases with a term of 12 months or less, and

• We used hindsight in determining the lease term.

We lease space under non-cancellable operating leases for our offices as well as our data centers. Our office leases typically include free rent periods or rent escalation periods, and may also include leasehold improvement incentives. Leases for data centers may also include free rent periods or rent escalation periods. These leases typically do not include residual value guarantees. Both office and data center leases may contain both lease components (rent) and non-lease components (maintenance, electrical costs, and other service charges). Non-lease components are accounted for separately.

Both office and data center leases typically contain options to renew, and/or early terminate. We have evaluated management's expectations for these options as of September 30, 2019. Options have been included in the lease term if management has determined it is reasonably certain it will be exercised.

Operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to determine the present value of future payments. We have a centralized treasury function, and the majority of our leases are negotiated and signed by representatives of Criteo SA. As such, the incremental borrowing rate of Criteo SA is used for all of our contracts. It is then adjusted in consideration of the currency of the lease and the lease term as of the lease commencement date.

Lease expense is recognized for minimum lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable costs are expensed in the period incurred. Variable expenses include changes in indexation. Leases for data centers may have variable costs based on electrical usage.

The components of lease expense are as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019								September 30, 2019
	Offices			Data Centers		Total			Offices			Data Centers		Total
	(in thousands)
Lease expense	$	8,515		$	6,086	$	14,601		$	27,077		$	17,427	$	44,504
Short term lease expense	496			518		1,014			1,944			1,573		3,517
Variable lease expense	406			605		1,011			458			958		1,416
Sublease income	(769		)	—		(769		)	(2,538		)	—		(2,538		)
Total operating lease expense	$	8,648		$	7,209	$	15,857		$	26,941		$	19,958	$	46,899

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As of September 30, 2019, we had future minimum lease payments as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Offices			Data Centers			Total
	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2019	$	8,885		$	5,671		$	14,556
2020	34,806			19,283			54,089
2021	32,174			12,522			44,696
2022	29,468			8,631			38,099
2023	20,422			2,198			22,620
Thereafter	27,476			—			27,476
Total minimum lease payments	153,231			48,305			201,536
Impact of Discount Rate	(14,318		)	(2,011		)	(16,329		)
Total Lease Liability	$	138,913		$	46,294		$	185,207

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates as of September 30, 2019 are as follows:

	September 30, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Offices	4.98
Data Centers	2.64
Weighted average discount rate
Offices	2.65	%
Data Centers	1.82	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to our operating leases is as follows for the period ended September 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Cash flow for operating activities	$	(12,885	)	$	(40,816	)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,194		$	15,714

As of September 30, 2019, we have additional operating leases, primarily for offices, that have not yet commenced which will result in additional operating lease liabilities and right of use assets of approximately $12.9 million. These operating leases will commence between 2019 and 2020.

For periods prior to January 1, 2019, we accounted for our lease commitments in accordance with ASC 840. We recognized rent expense for leases on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized expense for office leases of $9.5 million and data centers costs of $14.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 we recognized expense for office leases of $28.6 million and data center costs of $38.9 million. The rent expense recognized in prior periods included amounts which are now considered non-lease components such as maintenance services and electricity charges.

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Note 9. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

We sell personalized display advertisements featuring product-level recommendations either directly to clients or to advertising agencies. Historically, the Criteo model has focused solely on converting our clients' website visitors into customers, enabling us to charge our clients only when users engage with an ad we deliver, usually by clicking on it. More recently, we have expanded our solutions to address a broader range of marketing goals for our clients.

We offer two families of solutions to our commerce and brand clients:

• Criteo Marketing Solutions allow commerce companies to address multiple marketing goals by engaging their consumers with personalized ads across the web, mobile and offline store environments.

• Criteo Retail Media solutions allow retailers to generate advertising revenues from consumer brands, and/or to drive sales for themselves, by monetizing their data and audiences through personalized ads, either on their own digital property or on the open Internet, that address multiple marketing goals.

In conjunction with broadening our solutions, we have also started expanding our pricing models to now include a combination of cost-per-install and cost-per-impression for selected new solutions, in addition to cost-per-click.

We recognize revenues when we transfer control of promised services directly to our clients or to advertising agencies, which we collectively refer to as our clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

For campaigns priced on a cost-per-click and cost-per-install basis, we bill our clients when a user clicks on an advertisement we deliver or installs an application by clicking on an advertisement we delivered, respectively. For these pricing models, we recognize revenue when a user clicks on an advertisement or installs an application.     

For campaigns priced on a cost-per-impression basis, we bill our clients based on the number of times an advertisement is displayed to a user. For this pricing model, we recognize revenue when an advertisement is displayed.

We act as principal in our arrangements because (i) we control the advertising inventory (spaces on websites) before it is transferred to our clients; (ii) we bear sole responsibility for fulfillment of the advertising promise and inventory risks and (iii) we have full discretion in establishing prices. Therefore, based on these factors, we report revenue earned and the related costs incurred on a gross basis.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following tables disclose our consolidated revenue for each geographical area for each of the reported periods. Revenue by geographical area is based on the location of advertisers’ campaigns.

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geographical area:

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the three months ended	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	211,247	$	195,230	$	122,392	$	528,869
September 30, 2019	$	213,937	$	185,556	$	123,113	$	522,606

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	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the nine months ended	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	636,723	$	618,921	$	374,574	$	1,630,218
September 30, 2019	$	645,904	$	589,558	$	373,414	$	1,608,876

Excluding our historical solution for driving Conversion through Criteo Marketing Solutions (formerly called Criteo Dynamic Retargeting), no individual solution accounted for more than 10% of total consolidated revenue for the periods presented.

Customer Credit Notes

We offer credit notes to certain customers as a form of incentive, which are accounted for as variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and they are recognized as a reduction of revenue. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

Deferred Revenues

We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance. Our payment terms vary depending on the service or the type of customer. For certain customers, we require payment before the services are delivered.

Practical Expedients     

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and operating expenses.

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Note 10. Share-Based Compensation

The board of directors has been authorized by the general meeting of the shareholders to grant employee warrants (Bons de Souscription de Parts de Créateur d’Entreprise or "BSPCEs"), share options (Options de Souscription d'Actions or "OSAs"), restricted share units ("RSUs") and non-employee warrants (Bons de Souscription d'Actions or "BSAs").

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there was four grants of RSUs and one of OSAs under the Employee Share Option Plan 11 as defined in Note 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

• On March 1, 2019, 202,180 RSUs were granted to Criteo employees subject to continued employment.

• On April 25, 2019, 257,291 RSUs were granted to Criteo management subject to continued employment and an additional 257,291 RSUs were granted to members of the management, subject to condition of presence and the achievement of internal performance objectives. In addition, a special supplemental grant of 327,916 RSUs was also granted to members of management subject to continued employment.

• On June 25, 2019, 195,420 RSUs and 62,880 OSAs were granted to Criteo employees and certain senior managers subject to continued employment.

• On July 25, 2019, 1,624,035 RSUs were granted to Criteo employees subject to continued employment.

There have been no changes in the vesting and method of valuation of the BSPCEs, OSAs, RSUs, or BSAs from what was disclosed in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2019 except for the special supplemental grant to management on April 25, 2019 which have a vesting schedule as follows:

• 70% at the expiration of a two year period

• 15% at the expiration of each year following the first two years-period.

Change in Number of BSPCE/OSA/RSU/BSA

	OSA/BSPCE		RSU		BSA	Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	3,187,465		4,780,137		291,670	8,259,272
Granted	62,880		2,864,133		—	2,927,013
Exercised (OSA/BSPCE/BSA)	(58,568	)	—		—	(58,568	)
Vested (RSU)	—		(992,143	)	—	(992,143	)
Forfeited	(697,058	)	(943,784	)	—	(1,640,842	)
Expired	—		—		—	—
Balance at September 30, 2019	2,494,719		5,708,343		291,670	8,494,732

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Breakdown of the Closing Balance

	OSA/BSPCE		RSU	BSA
Number outstanding	2,494,719		5,708,343	291,670
Weighted-average exercise price	€	25.05	NA	€	13.02
Number vested	2,083,582		NA	127,139
Weighted-average exercise price	€	24.83	NA	€	20.48
Weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding, in years	5.67		NA	7.18

Reconciliation with the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018												September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
	R&D			S&O			G&A			Total			R&D			S&O			G&A			Total
RSUs	$	(4,723	)	$	(6,604	)	$	(4,236	)	$	(15,563	)	$	(3,190	)	$	(3,741	)	$	(3,360	)	$	(10,291	)
Share options / BSPCE	(178		)	(348		)	(962		)	(1,488		)	(22		)	(68		)	(435		)	(525		)
Total share-based compensation	(4,901		)	(6,952		)	(5,198		)	(17,051		)	(3,212		)	(3,809		)	(3,795		)	(10,816		)
BSAs	—			—			(211		)	(211		)	—			—			(349		)	(349		)
Total equity awards compensation expense	$	(4,901	)	$	(6,952	)	$	(5,409	)	$	(17,262	)	$	(3,212	)	$	(3,809	)	$	(4,144	)	$	(11,165	)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018												September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
	R&D			S&O			G&A			Total			R&D			S&O			G&A			Total
RSUs	$	(15,785	)	$	(21,539	)	$	(13,482	)	$	(50,806	)	$	(10,988	)	$	(14,365	)	$	(9,372	)	$	(34,725	)
Share options / BSPCE	(569		)	(1,309		)	(2,583		)	(4,461		)	423			463			(1,861		)	(975		)
Total share-based compensation	(16,354		)	(22,848		)	(16,065		)	(55,267		)	(10,565		)	(13,902		)	(11,233		)	(35,700		)
BSAs	—			—			(1,066		)	(1,066		)	—			—			(1,060		)	(1,060		)
Total equity awards compensation expense	$	(16,354	)	$	(22,848	)	$	(17,131	)	$	(56,333	)	$	(10,565	)	$	(13,902	)	$	(12,293	)	$	(36,760	)

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Note 11. Financial Income and Expenses

The condensed consolidated statements of income line item “Financial income (expense)” can be broken down as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Financial income from cash equivalents	$	294		$	442
Interest and fees	(521		)	(454		)
Interest on debt	(455		)	(421		)
Fees	(66		)	(33		)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(760		)	(869		)
Other financial expense	(20		)	(19		)
Total financial income (expense)	$	(1,007	)	$	(900	)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Financial income from cash equivalents	$	798		$	1,227
Interest and fees	(1,565		)	(1,458		)
Interest on debt	(1,488		)	(1,294		)
Fees	(77		)	(164		)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(2,507		)	(3,556		)
Other financial expense	(64		)	(441		)
Total financial income (expense)	$	(3,338	)	$	(4,228	)

The $0.9 million and the $4.2 million financial expense for the three month period ended September 30, 2019 and for the nine month period ended September 30, 2019, respectively, were driven by the non-utilization costs incurred as part of our available Revolving Credit Facility (RCF) financing and the recognition of a negative impact of foreign exchange reevaluations net of related hedging. We manage our exposure to foreign currency risk at Criteo S.A. level and hedge using foreign currency swaps or forward purchases or sales of foreign currencies.

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Note 12. Income Taxes

Breakdown of Income Taxes

The tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate (“AETR”), adjusted for discrete items arising in the period. To calculate our estimated AETR, we estimate our income before taxes and the related tax expense or benefit for the full fiscal year (total of expected current and deferred tax provisions), excluding the effect of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items or comprehensive income items not recognized in the statement of income. Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated annual tax rate does change, we make a cumulative adjustment in that quarter. Our quarterly tax provision, and our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate, are subject to significant volatility due to several factors including our ability to accurately predict our income (loss) before provision for income taxes in multiple jurisdictions and the changes in foreign exchange rates. Our effective tax rate in the future will depend on the portion of our profits earned within and outside of France.

The condensed consolidated statements of income line item “Provision for income taxes” can be broken down as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Current income tax	$	(37,186	)	$	(24,988	)
Net change in deferred taxes	9,341			1,374
Provision for income taxes	$	(27,845	)	$	(23,614	)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, we used an annual estimated tax rate of 32% and 30%, respectively, to calculate the provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate was 34% and 30% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The difference between the annual estimated tax rate and the effective tax rate is mainly due to the tax impact of discrete items such as share-based compensation in the United States. Discrete items were immaterial for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulting in no material difference between the annual estimated tax rate and the effective tax rate.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our estimated effective tax rate includes in particular our preliminary estimates for the tax reform in France voted in December 2018. Our estimates are preliminary, and our effective tax rate may be impacted as more information becomes available regarding the tax reform in France.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our estimated annual effective tax rate included our estimates for the impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") which was enacted on December 22, 2017 and introduces significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Effective in 2018, the Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% and created new taxes on certain related-party payments, referred to as a base erosion anti-avoidance tax, or “BEAT”.

Current tax assets and liabilities

The total amount of current tax assets consists mainly of prepayments of income taxes and credits of Criteo SA, Criteo Corp. and Criteo Gmbh. The current tax liabilities refers mainly to the corporate tax payables of Criteo K.K.

Ongoing tax inspection in the United States

On September 27, 2017, we received a draft notice of proposed adjustment (NOPA) from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") audit of Criteo Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2014, confirmed by the definitive notice dated February 8, 2018. Although we disagree with the IRS's position and are currently contesting this issue, the ultimate resolution of this litigation is uncertain and, if resolved in a manner unfavorable to us, could result in an additional federal tax liability of an estimated maximum aggregate amount of approximately $15.0 million, excluding related fees, interest and penalties.

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Note 13. Earnings Per Share

Basic Earnings Per Share

We calculate basic earnings per share by dividing the net income for the period attributable to shareholders of the Parent by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
Net income attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$	17,143	$	18,778	$	50,678	$	48,721
Weighted average number of shares outstanding	67,075,453		64,868,545		66,531,371		64,600,869
Basic earnings per share	$	0.26	$	0.29	$	0.76	$	0.75

Diluted Earnings Per Share

We calculate diluted earnings per share by dividing the net income attributable to shareholders of the Parent by the weighted average number of shares outstanding plus any potentially dilutive shares not yet issued from share-based compensation plans (see Note 10). There were no other potentially dilutive instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and 2019. Consequently, all potential dilutive effects from shares are considered.

For each period presented, a contract to issue a certain number of shares (i.e. share option, non-employee warrant ("BSA"), restricted share unit ("RSU") or employee warrant ("BSPCE") is assessed as potentially dilutive if it is “in the money” (i.e., the exercise or settlement price is lower than the average market price).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
Net income attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$	17,143	$	18,778	$	50,678	$	48,721
Weighted average number of shares outstanding of Criteo S.A.	67,075,453		64,868,545		66,531,371		64,600,869
Dilutive effect of :
Restricted share awards ("RSUs")	1,093,830		907,412		893,341		987,586
Share options and BSPCE	417,873		261,324		402,581		290,756
Share warrants	38,517		29,764		37,509		37,008
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to determine diluted earnings per share	68,625,673		66,067,045		67,864,802		65,916,219
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.25	$	0.28	$	0.75	$	0.74

The weighted average number of securities that were anti-dilutive for diluted EPS for the periods presented but which could potentially dilute EPS in the future are as follows:

26

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019
Restricted share awards	893	2,218,465	1,517,761	1,335,496
Share options and BSPCE	114,065	62,880	38,022	43,725
Weighted average number of anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted earnings per share	114,958	2,281,345	1,555,783	1,379,221

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Note 14. Commitments and contingencies

Commitments

Revolving Credit Facilities "RCF", Credit Line Facilities and Bank Overdrafts     

As mentioned in Note 3, we are party to an RCF with a syndicate of banks which allow us to draw up to €350.0 million ($381.1 million).

We are also party to short-term credit lines and overdraft facilities with HSBC plc, BNP Paribas and LCL with an authorization to draw up to a maximum of €21.5 million ($23.4 million) in aggregate under the short-term credit lines and overdraft facilities. As of September 30, 2019, we had not drawn on any of these facilities. Any loans or overdraft under these short-term facilities bear interest based on the one month EURIBOR rate or three month EURIBOR rate. As these facilities are exclusively short-term credit and overdraft facilities, our banks have the ability to terminate such facilities on short notice.

Contingencies

Changes in provisions during the presented periods are summarized below:

	Provision for employee-related litigation			Other provisions			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	244		$	2,396		$	2,640
Increase	270			1,919			2,189
Provision used	(26		)	—			(26		)
Provision released not used	(56		)	(365		)	(421		)
Currency translation adjustments	(18		)	(181		)	(199		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	414		$	3,769		$	4,183
- of which current	414			3,769			4,183

The amount of the provisions represents management’s best estimate of the future outflow.

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Note 15. Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas

The Company operates in the following three geographical markets:

• Americas (North and South America);

• EMEA (Europe, Middle-East and Africa); and

• Asia-Pacific.

The following tables disclose our consolidated revenue for each geographical area for each of the reported periods. Revenue by geographical area is based on the location of advertisers’ campaigns.

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the three months ended:	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	211,247	$	195,230	$	122,392	$	528,869
September 30, 2019	$	213,937	$	185,556	$	123,113	$	522,606

Revenue generated in France, the country of incorporation of the Parent, amounted to $35.9 million and $33.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the nine months ended:	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	636,723	$	618,921	$	374,574	$	1,630,218
September 30, 2019	$	645,904	$	589,558	$	373,414	$	1,608,876

Revenue generated in France amounted to $114.3 million and $106.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Revenue generated in other significant countries where we operate is presented in the following table:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Americas
United States	$	186,366	$	192,954	$	559,786	$	581,560
EMEA
Germany	$	47,460	$	45,972	$	150,607	$	146,565
United Kingdom	$	22,109	$	19,337	$	70,887	$	62,285
Asia-Pacific
Japan	$	83,792	$	83,174	$	260,116	$	258,605

As of September 30, 2018 and 2019, our largest client represented 2.3% and 2.7%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue.

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Other Information

For each reported period, non-current assets (corresponding to the net book value of tangible and intangible assets, excluding right of use assets related to lease agreements) are presented in the table below. The geographical information results from the locations of legal entities.

					Of which						Of which		Of which
	Holding		Americas		United States		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Japan		Singapore		Total
(in thousands)
December 31, 2018	$	123,388	$	125,654	$	125,312	$	27,898	$	19,109	$	11,630	$	2,992	$	296,049
September 30, 2019	$	137,367	$	117,310	$	104,933	$	21,943	$	16,603	$	9,935	$	2,563	$	293,223

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Note 16. Related Parties

There were no significant related-party transactions during the period nor any change in the nature of the transactions as described in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 except as follows:

On June 25, 2019, Criteo announced that Chief Operating Officer Mollie Spilman has decided to leave the Company to pursue a new career opportunity. She has left the Company as of July 5, 2019.

Effective July 26, 2019, Criteo S.A. and Mr. Dan Teodosiu, the Company’s Chief Technology Officer, mutually agreed that Mr. Teodosiu would step down from his role as Chief Technology Officer and separate from employment as of September 30th, 2019.

Note 17. Subsequent Events

On October 7, 2019, in connection with the new organization structure, the Company announced a plan to restructure its R&D activities with the closing of its R&D operations in Palo Alto.

On October 30, 2019, the Company announced the appointment of Megan Clarken as Chief Executive Officer ('CEO') replacing Jean-Baptiste Rudelle with an effective date on November 25, 2019. With this appointment, the Company is splitting the roles of CEO and Chairman. Jean-Baptiste Rudelle remains Chairman of the Board of directors. 

The Company evaluated all other subsequent events that occurred after September 30, 2019 through the date of issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and determined there are no other significant events that require adjustments.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or "SEC", on March 1, 2019.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, except for the adoption of ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019. Please refer to Note 1,"Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the changes in accounting policies due to the adoption of this standard.

During the first quarter of 2019, we revised our estimate of the useful life of all servers and other equipment used in our data centers from 3 to 5 years. This change in estimate was determined based on a revised commissioning plan which extends the period equipment from 3 to 5 years prior to disposal. This resulted in an increase in income from operations of $31.3 million, increase in net income of $26.7 million, or $0.41 per share, from that which would have been reported had the previous expected useful life of 3 years been used for the nine month period ended September 30, 2019. The impact on the three month period ended September 30, 2019 was an increase in income from operations of $10.3 million, an increase in net income of $8.8 million, or $0.13 per share.

Recently Issued Pronouncements

See "Recently Issued Accounting Standards" under Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of certain accounting standards that have been issued during 2019.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This Form 10-Q includes the following financial measures defined as non-GAAP financial measures by the SEC: Revenue ex-TAC, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income. These measures are not calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Revenue ex-TAC is our revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs ("TAC") generated over the applicable measurement period and Revenue ex-TAC by Region reflects our Revenue ex-TAC by our core geographies. Revenue ex-TAC, Revenue ex-TAC by Region and Revenue ex-TAC margin are key measures used by our management and board of directors to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, we believe that the elimination of TAC from revenue can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business and across our core geographies. Accordingly, we believe that Revenue ex-TAC, Revenue ex-TAC by Region and Revenue ex-TAC margin provide useful information to investors and the market generally in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors.

Adjusted EBITDA is our consolidated earnings before financial income (expense), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjusted to eliminate the impact of equity awards compensation expense, pension service costs, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration. Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget and to develop short‑ and long-term operational plans. In particular, we believe that by eliminating equity awards compensation expense, pension service costs, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration, Adjusted EBITDA can provide useful measures for period-to-period comparisons of our business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and the market generally in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management and board of directors.

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Adjusted Net Income is our net income adjusted to eliminate the impact of equity awards compensation expense, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration, and the tax impact of these adjustments. Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per diluted share are key measures used by our management and board of directors to evaluate operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, we believe that by eliminating equity awards compensation expense, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration and the tax impact of these adjustments, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per diluted share can provide useful measures for period-to-period comparisons of our business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per diluted share provide useful information to investors and the market generally in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management and board of directors.

Please refer to the supplemental financial tables provided for a reconciliation of Revenue ex-TAC to revenue, Adjusted EBITDA to net income, and Adjusted Net Income to net income in each case, the most comparable U.S. GAAP measurement. Our use of non-GAAP financial measures has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (1) other companies, including companies in our industry which have similar business arrangements, may address the impact of TAC differently; and (2) other companies may report Revenue ex-TAC, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, or similarly titled measures but calculate them differently or over different regions, which reduces their usefulness as comparative measures. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider these measures alongside our U.S. GAAP financial results, including revenue and net income.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income Data (Unaudited):

		Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Revenue		$	528,869		$	522,606		$	1,630,218		$	1,608,876
Cost of revenue (2):
Traffic acquisition costs		(305,387		)	(301,901		)	(936,096		)	(928,559		)
Other cost of revenue		(32,921		)	(31,101		)	(92,937		)	(86,205		)
Gross profit		190,561			189,604			601,185			594,112
Operating expenses
Research and development expenses (2)		(41,796		)	(41,414		)	(134,658		)	(132,006		)
Sales and operations expenses (2)		(90,526		)	(85,985		)	(278,901		)	(277,397		)
General and administrative expenses (2)		(32,463		)	(32,835		)	(102,698		)	(102,372		)
Total operating expenses		(164,785		)	(160,234		)	(516,257		)	(511,775		)
Income from operations		25,776			29,370			84,928			82,337
Financial income (expense)		(1,007		)	(900		)	(3,338		)	(4,228		)
Income before taxes		24,769			28,470			81,590			78,109
Provision for income taxes		(6,821		)	(7,913		)	(27,845		)	(23,614		)
Net income		$	17,948		$	20,557		$	53,745		$	54,495
Net income available to shareholders of Criteo S.A. (1)		$	17,143		$	18,778		$	50,678		$	48,721
Net income available to shareholders of Criteo S.A. per share:
Basic		$	0.26		$	0.29		$	0.76		$	0.75
Diluted		$	0.25		$	0.28		$	0.75		$	0.74
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing per share amounts:
Basic		67,075,453			64,868,545			66,531,371			64,600,869
Diluted		68,625,673			66,067,045			67,864,802			65,916,219

⁽¹⁾ For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, this excludes $0.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively, of net income attributable to non-controlling interests held by Yahoo! Japan in our Japanese subsidiary Criteo KK. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, this excludes $3.1 million and $5.8 million, respectively, of net income attributable to non-controlling interests held by Yahoo! Japan in our Japanese subsidiary Criteo KK.

⁽²⁾ Cost of revenue and operating expenses include equity awards compensation expense, pension service costs, depreciation and amortization expense, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration as follows:

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Detailed Information on Selected Items (unaudited):

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Equity awards compensation expense
Research and development expenses		$	4,901	$	3,230	$	16,227		$	11,458
Sales and operations expenses		6,952		4,398		23,451			16,292
General and administrative expenses		5,408		4,142		17,131			12,293
Total equity awards compensation expense		$	17,261	$	11,770	$	56,809		$	40,043
Pension service costs
Research and development expenses		208		188		640			572
Sales and operations expenses		83		71		237			214
General and administrative expenses		128		129		395			387
Total pension service costs (a)		$	419	$	388	$	1,272		$	1,173
Depreciation and amortization expense
Cost of revenue		16,571		12,193		46,870			32,175
Research and development expenses (b)		2,724		4,249		7,190			11,260
Sales and operations expenses (c)		4,442		4,178		13,414			14,151
General and administrative expenses		1,882		1,768		5,351			5,413
Total depreciation and amortization expense		$	25,619	$	22,388	$	72,825		$	62,999
Acquisition-related costs
General and administrative expenses		516		—		516			—
Total acquisition-related costs		$	516	$	—	$	516		$	—
Restructuring costs (1)
Research and development expenses		—		172		(332		)	296
Sales and operations expenses		—		131		290			2,196
General and administrative expenses		—		—		(11		)	429
Total Restructuring costs (1)		$	—	$	303	$	(53	)	$	2,921

⁽¹⁾ For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, the Company recognized restructuring charges for its new organizational structure implemented to support its multi-product platform strategy as detailed below:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
(Gain) from forfeitures of share-based compensation awards	(606	)	(3,284	)
Depreciation and amortization expense	—		1,228
Payroll and Facilities related costs	909		4,977
Total restructuring costs	303		2,921

(a) Effective January 1, 2012, actuarial gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income.

(b) Includes acquisition-related amortization of intangible assets of $1.7 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and $4.2 million and $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

(c) Includes acquisition-related amortization of intangible assets of $2.2 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and $6.6 million and $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

35

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Data (unaudited):

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	364,426	$	409,178
Total assets	1,597,135		1,701,888
Trade receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts	473,901		356,699
Total financial liabilities	3,508		3,764
Total liabilities	629,244		687,483
Total equity	$	967,891	$	1,014,405

Other Financial and Operating Data (unaudited):

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands, except client data)
Number of clients		19,213		19,971		19,213		19,971
Revenue ex-TAC (3)		$	223,482	$	220,705	$	694,122	$	680,317
Adjusted Net Income (4)		$	36,336	$	35,446	$	112,337	$	105,881
Adjusted EBITDA (5)		$	69,591	$	64,219	$	216,297	$	189,473

⁽³⁾ We define Revenue ex-TAC (Traffic Acquisition Costs) as our revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs, or TAC, generated over the applicable measurement period. Revenue ex-TAC is not a measure calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have included Revenue ex-TAC in this Form 10-Q because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to evaluate operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, we believe that the elimination of TAC from revenue can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Accordingly, we believe that Revenue ex-TAC provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Revenue ex-TAC has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) other companies, including companies in our industry which have similar business arrangements, may address the impact of TAC differently; (b) other companies may report Revenue ex-TAC or similarly titled measures but calculate them differently, which reduces their usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Revenue ex-TAC alongside our other U.S. GAAP financial results, including revenue. The following table presents a reconciliation of Revenue ex-TAC to revenue, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated:

		Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Revenue		$	528,869		$	522,606		$	1,630,218		$	1,608,876
Adjustment:
Traffic acquisition costs		(305,387		)	(301,901		)	(936,096		)	(928,559		)
Revenue ex-TAC		$	223,482		$	220,705		$	694,122		$	680,317

36

⁽⁴⁾ We define Adjusted Net Income as our net income adjusted to eliminate the impact of equity awards compensation expense, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration, and the tax impact of the foregoing adjustments. Adjusted Net Income is not a measure calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have included Adjusted Net Income in this Form 10-Q because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to evaluate operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, we believe that the elimination of equity awards compensation expense, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration, and the tax impact of the foregoing adjustments in calculating Adjusted Net Income can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted Net Income provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Adjusted Net Income has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) Adjusted Net Income does not reflect the potentially dilutive impact of equity-based compensation or the impact of certain acquisition related costs; and (b) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted Net Income or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces their usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted Net Income alongside our other U.S. GAAP financial results, including net income. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Income to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	17,948		$	20,557		$	53,745		$	54,495
Adjustments:
Equity awards compensation expense	17,261			11,770			56,809			40,043
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets	3,920			5,456			10,825			16,393
Acquisition-related costs	516			—			516			—
Restructuring costs (1)	—			303			(53		)	2,921
Tax impact of the above adjustments	(3,309		)	(2,640		)	(9,505		)	(7,971		)
Adjusted Net Income	$	36,336		$	35,446		$	112,337		$	105,881

⁽¹⁾ For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, the Company recognized restructuring charges for its new organizational structure implemented to support its multi-product platform strategy as detailed below:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
(Gain) from forfeitures of share-based compensation awards	(606	)	(3,284	)
Depreciation and amortization expense	—		1,228
Payroll and Facilities related costs	909		4,977
Total restructuring costs	303		2,921

37

⁽⁵⁾ We define Adjusted EBITDA as our consolidated earnings before financial income (expense), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjusted to eliminate the impact of equity awards compensation expense, pension service costs, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have included Adjusted EBITDA in this Form 10-Q because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends to prepare and approve our annual budget and to develop short and long-term operational plans. In particular, we believe that the elimination of equity awards compensation expense, pension service costs, restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs and deferred price consideration in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; (b) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (c) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the potentially dilutive impact of equity-based compensation; (d) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and (e) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces their usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside our other U.S. GAAP financial results, including net income. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	17,948	$	20,557	$	53,745		$	54,495
Adjustments:
Financial expense (income)	1,007		900		3,338			4,228
Provision for income taxes	6,821		7,913		27,845			23,614
Equity awards compensation expense	17,261		11,770		56,809			40,043
Pension service costs	419		388		1,272			1,173
Depreciation and amortization expense	25,619		22,388		72,825			62,999
Acquisition-related costs	516		—		516			—
Restructuring costs (1)	—		303		(53		)	2,921
Total net adjustments	51,643		43,662		162,552			134,978
Adjusted EBITDA	$	69,591	$	64,219	$	216,297		$	189,473

⁽¹⁾ For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, the Company recognized restructuring charges for its new organizational structure implemented to support its multi-product platform strategy as detailed below:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
(Gain) from forfeitures of share-based compensation awards	(606	)	(3,284	)
Depreciation and amortization expense	—		1,228
Payroll and Facilities related costs	909		4,977
Total restructuring costs	303		2,921

38

Results of Operations for the Periods Ended September 30, 2018 and 2019 (Unaudited)

Revenue

Three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands)
Revenue as reported	$	528,869	$	522,606		(1	)%
Conversion impact U.S dollar/other currencies			6,096
Revenue at constant currency (1)	528,869		528,702			(0.03	)%
Americas
Revenue as reported	211,247		213,937			1	%
Conversion impact U.S dollar/other currencies			79
Revenue at constant currency (1)	211,247		214,016			1	%
EMEA
Revenue as reported	195,230		185,556			(5	)%
Conversion impact U.S dollar/other currencies			7,757
Revenue at constant currency (1)	195,230		193,313			(1	)%
Asia-Pacific
Revenue as reported	122,392		123,113			1	%
Conversion impact U.S dollar/other currencies			(1,740		)
Revenue at constant currency(1)	$	122,392	$	121,373		(1	)%

⁽¹⁾ Growth at constant currency excludes the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and is computed by applying the 2018 average exchange rates for the relevant period to 2019 figures. We have included revenue at constant currency in this Form 10-Q because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to evaluate operating performance. Management reviews and analyzes business results excluding the effect of foreign currency translation because they believe this better represents our underlying business trends.

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased (1)% (or decreased by (0.03)% on a constant currency basis, as defined in footnote 1 directly above), compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. The year-over-year decrease in revenue was entirely driven by the lower contribution from our existing clients, which exceeded revenues derived from new clients. We added 758 net new clients across regions and client sizes over the period, a lower volume than the prior year period. This was primarily driven by focused execution and productivity improvements in the midmarket segment leading to higher volumes of additional higher-value midmarket clients, until we complete the roll-out of our self-registration platform for smaller-sized midmarket clients in a scalable way. Revenue from existing clients decreased slightly less than (3)% at constant currency over the period, despite the continued adoption of our new products, as retargeting revenues were impacted by a reduced spend from large customers.

Revenue in the Americas region increased 1% (or 1% on a constant currency basis, including 3% in the U.S.) to $213.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. Growth was driven by continued good traction in our new solutions, including Retail Media and a marked recovery of the midmarket business, offset by continued softness in the large client business.

Revenue in EMEA decreased (5)% (or decreased (1)% on a constant currency basis) to 185.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. This decrease at constant currency was driven by double-digit growth in midmarket and continued strong traction of our new solutions in the region, including Retail Media, offset by softer business with large customers, particularly in the United Kingdom.

39

Revenue in the Asia-Pacific region increased 1% (or decreased (1)% on a constant currency basis) to $123.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. A typhoon hitting our Tokyo data center led to approximately $1 million lost revenue opportunity which, combined with slower business with large clients in Japan and Australia, offset continued strong momentum with large customers in Korea and solid growth in midmarket across the region. Excluding the lost revenue opportunity in Japan, revenue growth was flat in the Asia-Pacific region.

Additionally, our $522.6 million of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was negatively impacted by $6.1 million as a result of changes in foreign currency against the U.S. dollar compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018.

The slight year-over-year decrease in revenue on a constant currency basis is entirely attributable to the decrease in the average cost-per-click charged to advertisers, partially offset by the increased number of clicks delivered on the advertising banners displayed by us and the increased number of impressions delivered by us.

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands)
Revenue as reported	$	1,630,218	$	1,608,876	(1	)%
Conversion impact U.S dollar/other currencies			45,842
Revenue at constant currency (1)	1,630,218		1,654,718		2	%
Americas
Revenue as reported	636,723		645,904		1	%
Conversion impact U.S dollar/other currencies			3,392
Revenue at constant currency (1)	636,723		649,296		2	%
EMEA
Revenue as reported	618,921		589,558		(5	)%
Conversion impact U.S dollar/other currencies			38,457
Revenue at constant currency (1)	618,921		628,015		1	%
Asia-Pacific
Revenue as reported	374,574		373,414		(0.3	)%
Conversion impact U.S dollar/other currencies			3,993
Revenue at constant currency(1)	$	374,574	$	377,407	1	%

⁽¹⁾ Growth at constant currency excludes the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and is computed by applying the 2018 average exchange rates for the relevant period to 2019 figures. We have included revenue at constant currency in this Form 10-Q because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to evaluate operating performance. Management reviews and analyzes business results excluding the effect of foreign currency translation because they believe this better represents our underlying business trends.

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased to $1,608.9 million, decreasing (1)% (or increasing by 2% on a constant currency basis), compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The year-over-year increase in revenue at constant currency was entirely driven by our business with new clients, offsetting the slight decrease in our business with existing clients. We added 758 net new clients across regions and client sizes over the period, a lower volume than the prior year period. This was primarily driven by focused execution and productivity improvements in the midmarket segment leading to higher volumes of additional higher-value midmarket clients, until we complete the roll-out of our self-registration platform for smaller-sized midmarket clients in a scalable way. Contribution from existing clients was impacted by lower retargeting spend from large clients, as well as by a general softness in the web environment, where users tend to progressively spend less time than in apps, where our

40

solutions do not yet contribute significantly to our revenue growth, and despite continued adoption of our new products.

Revenue in the Americas region increased 1% (or 2% on a constant currency basis) to $645.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was driven by the acceleration of our midmarket business driven by larger midmarket clients, as well as continued traction in our Criteo Retail Media business in the U.S., partly offset by lower retargeting spend by large clients.

Revenue in EMEA decreased (5)% (or increased 1% on a constant currency basis) to $589.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase at constant currency was largely driven by accelerated growth in our midmarket business, as well as the positive traction of our new solutions, including Retail Media, partly offset by softer business with large customers.

Revenue in the Asia-Pacific region decreased (0.3)% (or increased 1% on a constant currency basis) to $373.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase at constant currency was the result of strong growth in Korea and our growing midmarket business across the region, partly offset by a slow-down in our large customer business in Japan, South-East Asia and Australia, and by the negative impact of a data center outage caused by a typhoon near Tokyo.

Additionally, our $1,608.9 million of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was negatively impacted by $45.8 million as a result of changes in foreign currency against the U.S. dollar compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The year-over-year growth in revenue on a constant currency basis is entirely attributable to an increased number of clicks delivered on the advertising banners displayed by us and the increased number of impressions delivered by us, offsetting the slight decrease in the average cost-per-click charged to advertisers.

Cost of Revenue

Three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

	Three Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Traffic acquisition costs	$	(305,387	)	$	(301,901	)	(1)%
Other cost of revenue	$	(32,921	)	$	(31,101	)	(6)%
Total Cost of Revenue	$	(338,308	)	$	(333,002	)	(2)%
% of revenue	(64		)%	(64		)%
Gross profit %	36		%	36		%

Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased $(5.3) million, or (2)%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily the result of a decrease of $(3.5) million, or (1)% (or a decrease of (0.01)% on a constant currency basis) in traffic acquisition costs and a decrease of $(1.8) million, or (6)% (or (3)% on a constant currency basis) in other cost of revenue.

The decrease in traffic acquisition costs on a constant currency basis related primarily to the lower average cost per thousand impressions (or "CPM"), which decreased by (11)% (or (10)% on a constant currency basis). This was driven by a combination of factors, including the effectiveness of our Criteo Direct Bidder, which allows us to buy quality inventory directly from large publishers in the web and in apps and remove intermediary fees in the process, as well as the growing share of in-app inventory in our business, which has inventory costs that tend to be slightly lower on average than that in the web browser environment. This was not entirely compensated by the 12% increase in the number of impressions we purchased, reflecting our expanding relationships with existing and new publisher partners, in particular through direct connections, to support client demand for advertising campaigns.

41

The decrease in other cost of revenue includes a $4.4 million decrease in allocated depreciation and amortization expense following the changes in our estimation of the useful life of the servers and other equipment used in our datacenters from 3 to 5 years, partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in hosting costs, and a $2.0 million increase in other costs including the provision for the expected Digital Tax in France ($0.7 million) adopted in July 2019.

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

	Nine Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Traffic acquisition costs	$	(936,096	)	$	(928,559	)	(1	)%
Other cost of revenue	$	(92,937	)	$	(86,205	)	(7	)%
Total Cost of Revenue	$	(1,029,033	)	$	(1,014,764	)	(1	)%
% of revenue	(63		)%	(63		)%
Gross profit %	37		%	37		%

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased $(14.3) million, or (1)%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily the result of a decrease of (7.5) million, or (1)% (or an increase of 2% on a constant currency basis) in traffic acquisition costs and a decrease of $(6.7) million, or (7)% (or (5)% on a constant currency basis) in other cost of revenue.

The increase in traffic acquisition costs on a constant currency basis related primarily to an increase of 9% in the number of impressions we purchased, reflecting our expanding relationships with existing and new publisher partners, in particular through direct connections, to support client demand for advertising campaigns. Over the period, the average cost per thousand impressions (or "CPM"), decreased by (9)% (or (7)% on a constant currency basis), driven by a combination of factors, including the effectiveness of our Criteo Direct Bidder, which allows us to buy quality inventory directly from large publishers in the web and in apps, and remove intermediary fees in the process, as well as the growing share of in-app inventory in our business, which has inventory costs that tend to be slightly lower on average than that in the web browser environment.

The decrease in other cost of revenue includes a $14.7 million decrease in allocated depreciation and amortization expense following the changes in our estimation of the useful life of the servers and other equipment used in our datacenters from 3 to 5 years, partially offset by a $4.4 million increase in other cost of sales including the provision for the expected Digital Tax in France ($2.3 million) adopted in July 2019, including additional purchases of third-party data partially and a $3.6 million increase in hosting costs.

We consider Revenue ex-TAC as a key measure of our business activity. Our strategy focuses on maximizing the growth of our Revenue ex-TAC on an absolute basis over maximizing our near-term gross margin. We believe this focus builds sustainable long-term value for our business by fortifying a number of our competitive strengths, including access to advertising inventory, breadth and depth of data and continuous improvement of the Criteo Engine’s performance, allowing it to deliver more relevant advertisements at scale. As a part of this focus, we continue to invest in building relationships with direct publishers and pursuing access to leading advertising exchanges. Our performance-based business model provides us with significant control over our level of Revenue ex-TAC margin, which we seek to optimize in order to maximize Revenue ex-TAC growth on an absolute basis in accordance with our strategic focus.

42

Revenue, Traffic Acquisition Costs and Revenue ex-TAC by Region

The following table sets forth our revenue, traffic acquisition costs and Revenue ex-TAC by geographic region, including the Americas (North and South America), Europe, Middle East and Africa, or EMEA, and Asia-Pacific.

		Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	Region	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			Year over Year Change		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			Year over Year Change
Revenue:		(amounts in thousands, except percentages)
	Americas	$	211,247		$	213,937		1	%	$	636,723		$	645,904		1	%
	EMEA	195,230			185,556			(5	)%	618,921			589,558			(5	)%
	Asia-Pacific	122,392			123,113			1	%	374,574			373,414			(0.3	)%
	Total	528,869			522,606			(1	)%	1,630,218			1,608,876			(1	)%
Traffic acquisition costs:
	Americas	(126,406		)	(129,047		)	2	%	(383,429		)	(390,083		)	2	%
	EMEA	(111,131		)	(103,899		)	(7	)%	(343,601		)	(328,591		)	(4	)%
	Asia-Pacific	(67,850		)	(68,955		)	2	%	(209,066		)	(209,885		)	0.4	%
	Total	(305,387		)	(301,901		)	(1	)%	(936,096		)	(928,559		)	(1	)%
Revenue ex-TAC (1):
	Americas	84,841			84,890			0.1	%	253,294			255,821			1	%
	EMEA	84,099			81,657			(3	)%	275,320			260,967			(5	)%
	Asia-Pacific	54,542			54,158			(1	)%	165,508			163,529			(1	)%
	Total	$	223,482		$	220,705		(1	)%	$	694,122		$	680,317		(2	)%

⁽¹⁾ We define Revenue ex-TAC as our revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs generated over the applicable measurement period. Revenue ex-TAC and Revenue, Traffic Acquisition Costs and Revenue ex-TAC by Region are not measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have included Revenue ex-TAC and Revenue, Traffic Acquisition Costs and Revenue ex-TAC by Region in this Form 10-Q because they are key measures used by our management and board of directors to evaluate operating performance and generate future operating plans. In particular, we believe that the elimination of TAC from revenue and review of these measures by region can provide useful measures for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Accordingly, we believe that Revenue ex-TAC and Revenue, Traffic Acquisition Costs and Revenue ex-TAC by Region provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Revenue ex-TAC and Revenue, Traffic Acquisition Costs and Revenue ex-TAC by Region has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) other companies, including companies in our industry which have similar business arrangements, may address the impact of TAC differently; (b) other companies may report Revenue, Traffic Acquisition Costs and Revenue ex-TAC by Region or similarly titled measures but define the regions differently, which reduces their effectiveness as a comparative measure; and (c) other companies may report Revenue ex-TAC or similarly titled measures but calculate them differently, which reduces their usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Revenue ex-TAC and Revenue, Traffic Acquisition Costs and Revenue ex-TAC by Region alongside our other U.S. GAAP financial results, including revenue. The above table provides a reconciliation of revenue ex-TAC by region to revenue by region. Please also refer to footnote 3 to the Other Financial and Operating Data table in "Item 2—Management's Discussion and Analysis" of this Form 10-Q for a reconciliation of revenue ex-TAC to revenue, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

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Constant Currency Reconciliation

Information in this Form 10-Q with respect to results presented on a constant currency basis was calculated by applying the 2018 average exchange rates for the relevant period to 2019 figures. We have included information with respect to our results presented on a constant currency basis because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to evaluate operating performance. Management reviews and analyzes business results excluding the effect of foreign currency translation because they believe this better represents our underlying business trends. Below is a table which reconciles the actual results presented in this section with the results presented on a constant currency basis:  

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			YoY Change		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			YoY Change
	(amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue as reported	$	528,869		$	522,606		(1	)%	$	1,630,218		$	1,608,876		(1	)%
Conversion impact U.S. dollar/other currencies				6,096								45,842
Revenue at constant currency	$	528,869		$	528,702		(0.03	)%	$	1,630,218		$	1,654,718		2	%
Traffic acquisition costs as reported	$	(305,387	)	$	(301,901	)	(1	)%	$	(936,096	)	$	(928,559	)	(1	)%
Conversion impact U.S. dollar/other currencies				(3,450		)						(25,582		)
Traffic Acquisition Costs at constant currency	$	(305,387	)	$	(305,351	)	(0.01	)%	$	(936,096	)	$	(954,141	)	2	%
Revenue ex-TAC as reported	$	223,482		$	220,705		(1	)%	$	694,122		$	680,317		(2	)%
Conversion impact U.S. dollar/other currencies				2,645								20,259
Revenue ex-TAC at constant currency	$	223,482		$	223,350		(0.1	)%	$	694,122		$	700,576		1	%
Revenue ex-TAC/Revenue as reported	42		%	42		%			43		%	42		%
Other cost of revenue as reported	$	(32,921	)	$	(31,101	)	(6	)%	$	(92,937	)	$	(86,205	)	(7	)%
Conversion impact U.S. dollar/other currencies				(791		)						(2,184		)
Other cost of revenue at constant currency	$	(32,921	)	$	(31,892	)	(3	)%	$	(92,937	)	$	(88,389	)	(5	)%
Adjusted EBITDA as reported	$	69,591		$	64,219		(8	)%	$	216,297		$	189,473		(12	)%
Conversion impact U.S. dollar/other currencies				3,461								9,434
Adjusted EBITDA at constant currency	$	69,591		$	67,680		(3	)%	$	216,297		$	198,907		(8	)%

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Research and Development Expenses

Three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

	Three Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Research and development expenses	$	(41,796	)	$	(41,414	)	(1)%
% of revenue	(8		)%	(8		)%

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

	Nine Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Research and development expenses	$	(134,658	)	$	(132,006	)	(2)%
% of revenue	(8		)%	(8		)%

Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, decreased $(0.4) million and $(2.7) million, or (1)% and (2)%, compared to three months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease for the three month period and nine month period mainly related to a decrease in headcount related costs due to a lower share-based compensation expense and an increase in the French Research Tax Credit, partially offset by an increase in amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.

45

Sales and Operations Expenses

Three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

	Three Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Sales and operations expenses	$	(90,526	)	$	(85,985	)	(5)%
% of revenue	(17		)%	(16		)%

 

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

	Nine Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Sales and operations expenses	$	(278,901	)	$	(277,397	)	(1)%
% of revenue	(17		)%	(17		)%

Sales and operations expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, decreased $(4.5) million or $(1.5) million, or (5)% and (1)%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease for the three month period and nine month period ended mainly related to a decrease in headcount related costs due to a lower share-based compensation expense and a decrease in bad debt expense, partially offset by a $5.0 million increase following an exceptional charge related to an invoicing dispute and an increase in amortization of acquisitions-related intangible assets.

46

General and Administrative Expenses

Three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

	Three Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative expenses	$	(32,463	)	$	(32,835	)	1%
% of revenue	(6		)%	(6		)%

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $0.4 million, or 1%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was the result of an increase in consulting fees for process optimization projects and public relations.

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

	Nine Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative expenses	$	(102,698	)	$	(102,372	)	(0.3)%
% of revenue	(6		)%	(6		)%

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased (0.3) million, or (0.3)%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This decrease was the result of a decrease in headcount related costs due to a lower share-based compensation expense, partially offset by an increase in consulting fees for process optimization projects and the proceeds from the disposal of the HookLogic travel business in March 31, 2018.

47

Financial Income (Expense)

Three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

	Three Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands,  except percentages)
Financial income (expense)	$	(1,007	)	$	(900	)	(11)%
% of revenue	(0.2		)%	(0.2		)%

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

	Nine Months Ended				% change
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands,  except percentages)
Financial income (expense)	(3,338	)	(4,228	)	27%
% of revenue	(0.2	)%	(0.3	)%

The Financial expense for the three month ended September 30, 2019 and the nine month ended September 30, 2019, respectively, decreased by $(0.1) million and increased by $0.9 million, or (11)% and 27%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The $0.9 million financial expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the $4.2 million financial expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were driven by the non-utilization costs incurred as part of our available Revolving Credit Facility (RCF) financing and the recognition of a negative impact of foreign exchange reevaluations net of related hedging.

48

Provision for Income Taxes

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

	Nine Months Ended						% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Provision for income taxes	$	(27,845	)	$	(23,614	)	(15)%
% of revenue	(2		)%	(1		)%
Effective tax rate	34		%	30		%

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2019, we used an annual estimated tax rate of 32% and 30%, respectively, to calculate the provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate was 34% and 30% for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The difference between the annual estimated tax rate and the effective tax rate is mainly due due to the tax impact of discrete items such as share-based compensation in the United States. Discrete items were immaterial for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, resulting in no material difference between the annual estimated tax rate and the effective tax rate.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our estimated effective tax rate includes in particular our preliminary estimates for the tax reform in France voted in December 2018. Our estimates are preliminary, and our effective tax rate may be impacted as more information becomes available regarding the tax reform in France.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our estimated annual effective tax rate included our estimates for the impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") which was enacted on December 22, 2017 and introduced significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Effective in 2018, the Tax Act reduces the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% and creates new taxes on certain related-party payments, referred to as a base erosion anti-avoidance tax, or “BEAT”.

49

Net Income

Three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

	Three Months Ended					% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019		2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands,  except percentages)
Net income	$	17,948		20,557		15%
% of revenue	3		%	4	%

 

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2019, increased $2.6 million, or 15%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was the result of the factors discussed above, in particular, a $3.6 million increase in income from operations and a $0.1 million decrease in financial expense partially offset by a $(1.1) million increase in provision for income taxes compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

	Nine Months Ended					% change
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019		2018 vs 2019
	(in thousands,  except percentages)
Net income	$	53,745		54,495		1%
% of revenue	3		%	3	%

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $0.8 million, or 1%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was the result of the factors discussed above, in particular, a $(2.6) million decrease in income from operations and a $(0.9) million increase in financial expense fully offset by a $4.3 million decrease in provision for income taxes, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

50

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operating activities. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares. We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our equity securities in the foreseeable future. In 2018, we completed an $80 million share repurchase program. In July 2019, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $80 million of the Company’s outstanding American Depositary Shares. Other than these repurchase programs, we intend to retail all available funds any future earnings to fund our growth. As discussed in Note 3 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 to this Form 10-Q, we are party to several loan agreements and revolving credit facilities with third-party financial institutions.

Our cash and cash equivalents are invested primarily in demand deposit accounts that are currently providing only a minimal return. Our cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2019 were held for working capital and general corporate purposes, which could include acquisitions, and amounted to $409.2 million as of September 30, 2019. The $44.8 million increase in cash and cash equivalents compared with December 31, 2018 primarily resulted from $163.5 million in cash from operating activities, partially offset by a $86.4 million in cash used for investing activities and a $18.6 million used for financing activities over the period. The cash used for investing activities is mainly related to $80.4 million in capital expenditures and $4.6 million following business acquisitions that were not material to our consolidated financial statements. The cash used for financing activities is primarily related to $17.6 for the share repurchase program and to $0.5 million of repayment of borrowings. In addition, the increase in cash includes a $(13.7) million negative impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on our cash position over the period. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our policy is to invest any cash in excess of our immediate requirements in investments designed to preserve the principal balance and provide liquidity. Accordingly, our cash and cash equivalents are invested primarily in demand deposit accounts that are currently providing only a minimal return.

Operating and Capital Expenditure Requirements

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, our capital expenditures were $80.1 million and $80.4 million, respectively. In 2019, these capital expenditures were primarily related to the acquisition of data center and server equipment, and IT systems. We expect our capital expenditures to remain at, or slightly below, 5% of revenue for 2019, as we plan to continue to build and maintain additional data center equipment capacity in all regions and significantly increase our redundancy capacity to strengthen our infrastructure.

We believe our existing cash balances will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements through at least the next 12 months.  

Our future working capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate of our revenue growth, the amount and timing of our investments in personnel and capital equipment, and the timing and extent of our introduction of new products and product enhancements.

If our cash and cash equivalents balances and cash flows from operating activities are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may need to raise additional funds through equity, equity-linked or debt financings to support our operations, and such financings may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. We may also need to raise additional funds in the event we determine in the future to effect one or more acquisitions of businesses, technologies, assets or products.

If we are unable to raise additional funds when needed, our operations and ability to execute our business strategy could be adversely affected. If we raise additional funds through the incurrence of indebtedness, such indebtedness would have rights that are senior to holders of our equity securities and could contain covenants that restrict our operations. Any additional equity financing will be dilutive to our shareholders.

51

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. We therefore believe that we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these relationships.

Historical Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows for the nine month period ended September 30, 2018 and 2019 :

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash from operating activities	$	175,126		$	163,473
Cash used in investing activities	$	(128,984	)	$	(86,351	)
Cash from (used for) financing activities	$	16,727		$	(18,638	)

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities is primarily impacted by the increase in the number of clients using our solution and by the amount of cash we invest in personnel to support the anticipated growth of our business. Cash provided by operating activities has typically been generated from net income and by changes in our operating assets and liabilities, particularly in the areas of accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued expenses, adjusted for certain non-cash and non-operating items such as depreciation, amortization and share-based compensation, deferred tax assets and income taxes.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash provided by operating activities was $163.5 million and consisted of net income of $54.5 million, $72.7 million in adjustments for certain non-cash and non-operating items and changes in working capital of $36.2 million. Adjustments for certain non-operating items primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization expense of $57.4 million, equity awards compensation expense of $36.8 million, partially offset by a $19.9 million of changes in income taxes, a $1.4 million of changes in deferred tax assets and $0.2 million for other items. The $36.2 million increase in cash from changes in working capital primarily consisted of a $120.2 million decrease in trade receivables, a $2.1 million decrease in other current assets including prepaid expenses and VAT receivables, partially offset by a $77.9 million decrease in trade payables, a $4.7 million decrease in other current liabilities such as payroll and payroll related expenses and value-added tax ("VAT") payables, and a $3.5 million decrease in lease liabilities and right of use assets.

Investing Activities

Our investing activities to date have consisted primarily of purchases servers and other data-center equipment and business acquisitions.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in investing activities was $86.4 million and primarily consisted of $80.4 million in capital expenditures, mainly comprised of purchases of servers and other data-center equipment, a $4.6 million payment for a business acquisitions and a $1.4 million change in other non-current financial assets.

Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used for financing activities was $18.6 million resulting primarily from a $17.6 million for the share repurchase program, a $0.5 million repayment of borrowings and a $1.2 million change in other financial liabilities, partially offset by a $0.6 million related to proceeds from capital increase.

52

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Market Risk

We are mainly exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. There have been no material changes to our exposure to market risk during the first nine months ended period September 30, 2019.

For a description of our foreign exchange risk, please see "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - B. Liquidity and Capital Resources" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

A 10% increase or decrease of the Pound Sterling, the Euro, the Japanese yen or the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar would have impacted the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018					September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
GBP/USD	+10%			-10%		+10%			-10%
Net income impact	$	(829	)	$	829	$	(789	)	$	789

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018					September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
BRL/USD	+10%			-10%		+10%			-10%
Net income impact	$	(335	)	$	335	$	(49	)	$	49

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018					September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
JPY/USD	+10%		-10%			+10%		-10%
Net income impact	$	595	$	(595	)	$	1,126	$	(1,126	)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018					September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
EUR/USD	+10%		-10%			+10%		-10%
Net income impact	$	8,433	$	(8,433	)	$	8,703	$	(8,703	)

Credit Risk and Trade receivables

For a description of our credit risk and trade receivables, please see "Note 3. Financial instruments" in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

53

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on their evaluation as of September 30, 2019, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective to provide reasonable assurance that (i) the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and (ii) such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitation on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within Criteo have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error of fraud may occur and not be detected.

54

PART II

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings.

From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the risks described below and under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, also may become important factors that affect us. If any such risks materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed and the trading price of our American Depositary Shares ("ADS") could decline. These risks are not exclusive and additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, also may become important factors that affect us. There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

55

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table provides certain information with respect to our purchases of our ADSs during the third fiscal quarter of 2019:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)	Average Price Paid per Share(2)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
July 1 to 31, 2019	—	$	—	—	$	80,000,000.00
August 1 to 31, 2019	470,640	$	19.23	470,640	$	70,947,691.52
September 1 to 30, 2019	444,268	$	19.23	444,268	$	62,406,042.28
Total	914,908	$	19.23	914,908

⁽¹⁾ In July 2019, Criteo's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $80.0 million (€70.5 million) of the Company's outstanding American Depositary Shares. The Company intends to use repurchased shares to satisfy employee equity plan vesting in lieu of issuing new shares, and potentially in connection with M&A transactions. The repurchase program commenced in July 2019 and remains in effect until May 15, 2020.

⁽²⁾ Average price paid per share excludes any broker commissions paid.

56

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Index

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit	Description	Schedule/ Form	File Number	Exhibit	File Date
31.1#	Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
31.2#	Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
32.1*	Certificate of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104.	Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

#    Filed herewith.

*    Furnished herewith.

57

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		CRITEO S.A.
		(Registrant)
	By:	/s/ Benoit Fouilland
Date: October 31, 2019	Name:	Benoit Fouilland
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal financial officer and duly authorized signatory)

58

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to

Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)

as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jean-Baptiste Rudelle, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Criteo S.A.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 31, 2019

/s/ Jean-Baptiste Rudelle

Jean-Baptiste Rudelle

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to

Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)

as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Benoit Fouilland, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Criteo S.A.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 31, 2019

/s/ Benoit Fouilland

Benoit Fouilland

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Jean-Baptiste Rudelle, Chief Executive Officer of Criteo S.A. (the “Company”), and Benoit Fouilland, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:

1. The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Quarterly Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and

2. The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: October 31, 2019

/s/ Jean-Baptiste Rudelle	/s/ Benoit Fouilland
Jean-Baptiste Rudelle	Benoit Fouilland
Chief Executive Officer	Chief Financial Officer

This certification accompanies the Quarterly Report, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Quarterly Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

XML

Significant Events and Transactions of the Period - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Jul. 26, 2019	Feb. 08, 2019	Oct. 25, 2018
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Increase to income from operations	$ 29,370,000			$ 25,776,000			$ 82,337,000	$ 84,928,000
Increase to net income	$ 20,557,000	$ 12,537,000	$ 21,401,000	$ 17,948,000	$ 14,707,000	$ 21,090,000	$ 54,495,000	$ 53,745,000
Basic earnings per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.29			$ 0.26			$ 0.75	$ 0.76
Restructuring costs	$ (303,000)						$ (2,921,000)
Restructuring reserve	$ 2,000,000.0						$ 2,000,000.0
Treasury stock (in shares)	1,807,251						1,807,251		3,459,119
Shares authorized to be repurchased and retired (in shares)											1,600,000
Servers and other equipment
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Useful life			5 years				3 years		3 years
American Depositary Shares
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Authorized amount of share repurchase program										$ 80,000,000.0		$ 80,000,000.0
Treasury stock (in shares)	900,000						900,000
Research and Development expense
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	$ (200,000)						$ (300,000)
Sales and Operations expense
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	(100,000)						(2,200,000)
General and Administrative expense
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs							(400,000)
Restatement Adjustment | Servers and other equipment
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Increase to income from operations	10,300,000						31,300,000
Increase to net income	$ 8,800,000						$ 26,700,000
Basic earnings per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.13						$ 0.41

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Financial Instruments - Financial Liabilities (Details) - Fair value - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trade payables	$ 322,284	$ 425,376
Other taxes	48,313	55,592
Employee-related payables	59,824	65,878
Other current liabilities	38,868	47,115
Financial liabilities	3,764	3,508
Total	$ 473,053	$ 597,469

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Earnings Per Share - Anti-Dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted average number of anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted earnings per share (in shares)	2,281,345	114,958	1,379,221	1,555,783
Restricted share awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted average number of anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted earnings per share (in shares)	2,218,465	893	1,335,496	1,517,761
Share options / BSPCE
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted average number of anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted earnings per share (in shares)	62,880	114,065	43,725	38,022

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Financial Income and Expenses - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Financial income (expense)	$ 900	$ 1,007	$ 4,228	$ 3,338

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Share-Based Compensation - Change in Number of BSPCE/OSA/RSU/BSA (Details) - shares				9 Months Ended
	Jul. 25, 2019	Jun. 25, 2019	Mar. 01, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Vested, options (in shares)				0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)				8,259,272
Granted (in shares)				2,927,013
Exercised (in shares)				(58,568)
Vested (in shares)				(992,143)
Forfeited (in shares)				(1,640,842)
Expired (in shares)				0
Ending balance (in shares)				8,494,732
OSA/BSPCE
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance, options (in shares)				3,187,465
Granted, options (in shares)				62,880
Exercised, options (in shares)				(58,568)
Vested, options (in shares)				0
Forfeited, options (in shares)				(697,058)
Expired, options (in shares)				0
Ending balance, options (in shares)				2,494,719
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Granted (in shares)		62,880
RSU
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)				4,780,137
Granted (in shares)	1,624,035	195,420	202,180	2,864,133
Exercised (in shares)				0
Vested (in shares)				(992,143)
Forfeited (in shares)				(943,784)
Expired (in shares)				0
Ending balance (in shares)				5,708,343
BSAs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance, options (in shares)				291,670
Granted, options (in shares)				0
Exercised, options (in shares)				0
Forfeited, options (in shares)				0
Expired, options (in shares)				0
Ending balance, options (in shares)				291,670

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Significant Events and Transactions of the Period (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Summary of Restructuring Costs

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Gain from forfeitures of share-based compensation expense	$	606		$	3,284
Depreciation and amortization (expense)	—			(1,228		)
Payroll costs and Facilities related costs	(909		)	(4,977		)
Total restructuring costs	(303		)	(2,921		)

Balance of Treasury Shares

	Number of Treasury Shares		Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Balance at January 1, 2018	—		$	—
Treasury Shares Repurchased to potentially use for M&A	1,751,147		40,000
Treasury Shares Repurchased for RSU Vesting	1,748,111		40,000
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting	(40,139	)	(841		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	3,459,119		$	79,159
Treasury Shares Retired	(1,594,288	)	$	(36,137	)
Treasury Shares Repurchased to use for M&A or RSU Vesting	914,908		17,603
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting	(972,488	)	(21,851		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	1,807,251		$	38,774

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Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas

Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas

The Company operates in the following three geographical markets:

• Americas (North and South America);

• EMEA (Europe, Middle-East and Africa); and

• Asia-Pacific.

The following tables disclose our consolidated revenue for each geographical area for each of the reported periods. Revenue by geographical area is based on the location of advertisers’ campaigns.

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the three months ended:	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	211,247	$	195,230	$	122,392	$	528,869
September 30, 2019	$	213,937	$	185,556	$	123,113	$	522,606

Revenue generated in France, the country of incorporation of the Parent, amounted to $35.9 million and $33.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the nine months ended:	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	636,723	$	618,921	$	374,574	$	1,630,218
September 30, 2019	$	645,904	$	589,558	$	373,414	$	1,608,876

Revenue generated in France amounted to $114.3 million and $106.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Revenue generated in other significant countries where we operate is presented in the following table:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Americas
United States	$	186,366	$	192,954	$	559,786	$	581,560
EMEA
Germany	$	47,460	$	45,972	$	150,607	$	146,565
United Kingdom	$	22,109	$	19,337	$	70,887	$	62,285
Asia-Pacific
Japan	$	83,792	$	83,174	$	260,116	$	258,605

As of September 30, 2018 and 2019, our largest client represented 2.3% and 2.7%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue.

Other Information

For each reported period, non-current assets (corresponding to the net book value of tangible and intangible assets, excluding right of use assets related to lease agreements) are presented in the table below. The geographical information results from the locations of legal entities.

					Of which						Of which		Of which
	Holding		Americas		United States		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Japan		Singapore		Total
(in thousands)
December 31, 2018	$	123,388	$	125,654	$	125,312	$	27,898	$	19,109	$	11,630	$	2,992	$	296,049
September 30, 2019	$	137,367	$	117,310	$	104,933	$	21,943	$	16,603	$	9,935	$	2,563	$	293,223

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Financial Income and Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Financial Income and Expenses

Financial Income and Expenses

The condensed consolidated statements of income line item “Financial income (expense)” can be broken down as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Financial income from cash equivalents	$	294		$	442
Interest and fees	(521		)	(454		)
Interest on debt	(455		)	(421		)
Fees	(66		)	(33		)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(760		)	(869		)
Other financial expense	(20		)	(19		)
Total financial income (expense)	$	(1,007	)	$	(900	)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Financial income from cash equivalents	$	798		$	1,227
Interest and fees	(1,565		)	(1,458		)
Interest on debt	(1,488		)	(1,294		)
Fees	(77		)	(164		)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(2,507		)	(3,556		)
Other financial expense	(64		)	(441		)
Total financial income (expense)	$	(3,338	)	$	(4,228	)

The $0.9 million and the $4.2 million financial expense for the three month period ended September 30, 2019 and for the nine month period ended September 30, 2019, respectively, were driven by the non-utilization costs incurred as part of our available Revolving Credit Facility (RCF) financing and the recognition of a negative impact of foreign exchange reevaluations net of related hedging. We manage our exposure to foreign currency risk at Criteo S.A. level and hedge using foreign currency swaps or forward purchases or sales of foreign currencies.

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Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities are presented in the following table:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Clients' prepayments	$	10,328	$	11,396
Credit notes	13,183		16,031
Accounts payable relating to capital expenditures	21,454		9,545
Other creditors	1,527		1,592
Deferred revenue	623		304
Total	$	47,115	$	38,868

The changes in "accounts payable relating to capital expenditures" relate to significant data centers equipment and leasehold improvements acquisitions in 2018 paid during the nine month period ended September 30, 2019.

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Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments

Financial assets

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the end of each reported period is represented by the carrying amount of financial assets, and summarized in the following table:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade receivables, net of allowance	473,901		356,699
Other taxes	53,338		52,810
Other current assets	22,816		18,165
Non-current financial assets	20,460		21,251
Total	$	570,515	$	448,925

Credit Risk

We maintain an allowance for estimated credit losses. During the period ended December 31, 2018 and the nine-month period ended September 30, 2019, our net change in allowance for doubtful accounts was $5.1 million and $(10.1) million, respectively.

For our financial assets, the fair value approximates the carrying amount, given the nature of the financial assets and the maturity of the expected cash flows.

Trade Receivables

Credit risk is defined as an unexpected loss in cash and earnings if the client is unable to pay its obligations in due time. We perform internal ongoing credit risk evaluations of our clients. When a possible risk exposure is identified, we require prepayments.

As of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, no customer accounted for 10% or more of trade receivables.

Financial Liabilities

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade payables	$	425,376	$	322,284
Other taxes	55,592		48,313
Employee-related payables	65,878		59,824
Other current liabilities	47,115		38,868
Financial liabilities	3,508		3,764
Total	$	597,469	$	473,053

For our financial liabilities, the fair value approximates the carrying amount, given the nature of the financial liabilities and the maturity of the expected cash flows.

We are party to several loan agreements and a revolving credit facility, or RCF, with third-party financial institutions. There have been no significant changes from what was disclosed in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Fair Value Measurements     

We measure the fair value of our cash equivalents, which include interest-bearing bank deposits, as level 2 measurements because they are valued using observable market data.

Financial assets or liabilities include derivative financial instruments used to manage our exposure to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. These instruments are considered level 2 financial instruments as they are measured using valuation techniques based on observable market data.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivatives consist of foreign currency forward contracts that we use to hedge intercompany transactions and other monetary assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the local currency of a subsidiary. We recognize gains and losses on these contracts in financial income (expense), and their position on the balance sheet is based on their fair value at the end of each respective period. These instruments are considered level 2 financial instruments as they are measured using valuation techniques based on observable market data.

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Derivative Assets:
Included in other current assets	$	1,703	$	—
Derivative Liabilities:
Included in financial liabilities - current portion	$	—	$	493

For our derivative financial instruments, the fair value approximates the carrying amount, given the nature of the derivative financial instruments and the maturity of the expected cash flows.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Investments in interest–bearing bank deposits which meet ASC 230—Statement of Cash flows criteria: short-term, highly liquid investments, for which the risks of changes in value are considered to be insignificant. Interest-bearing bank deposits are considered level 2 financial instruments as they are measured using valuation techniques based on observable market data.

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents	$	125,442	$	167,443
Cash on hand	238,984		241,735
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	364,426	$	409,178

For our cash and cash equivalents, the fair value approximates the carrying amount, given the nature of the cash and cash equivalents and the maturity of the expected cash flows.

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Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other current liabilities

Other current liabilities are presented in the following table:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Clients' prepayments	$	10,328	$	11,396
Credit notes	13,183		16,031
Accounts payable relating to capital expenditures	21,454		9,545
Other creditors	1,527		1,592
Deferred revenue	623		304
Total	$	47,115	$	38,868

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Financial Income and Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of financial income (expense)

The condensed consolidated statements of income line item “Financial income (expense)” can be broken down as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Financial income from cash equivalents	$	294		$	442
Interest and fees	(521		)	(454		)
Interest on debt	(455		)	(421		)
Fees	(66		)	(33		)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(760		)	(869		)
Other financial expense	(20		)	(19		)
Total financial income (expense)	$	(1,007	)	$	(900	)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Financial income from cash equivalents	$	798		$	1,227
Interest and fees	(1,565		)	(1,458		)
Interest on debt	(1,488		)	(1,294		)
Fees	(77		)	(164		)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(2,507		)	(3,556		)
Other financial expense	(64		)	(441		)
Total financial income (expense)	$	(3,338	)	$	(4,228	)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 10,816	$ 17,051	$ 35,700	$ 55,267

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Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Cash Flow, Operating Activities, Lessee [Abstract]
Cash flow for operating activities	$ (12,885)	$ (40,816)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 4,194	$ 15,714

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Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Clients' prepayments	$ 11,396	$ 10,328
Credit notes	16,031	13,183
Accounts payable relating to capital expenditures	9,545	21,454
Other creditors	1,592	1,527
Deferred revenue	304	623
Total	$ 38,868	$ 47,115

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 522,606	$ 528,869	$ 1,608,876	$ 1,630,218
Cost of revenue:
Traffic acquisition costs	(301,901)	(305,387)	(928,559)	(936,096)
Other cost of revenue	(31,101)	(32,921)	(86,205)	(92,937)
Gross profit	189,604	190,561	594,112	601,185
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses	(41,414)	(41,796)	(132,006)	(134,658)
Sales and operations expenses	(85,985)	(90,526)	(277,397)	(278,901)
General and administrative expenses	(32,835)	(32,463)	(102,372)	(102,698)
Total operating expenses	(160,234)	(164,785)	(511,775)	(516,257)
Income from operations	29,370	25,776	82,337	84,928
Financial income (expense)	(900)	(1,007)	(4,228)	(3,338)
Income before taxes	28,470	24,769	78,109	81,590
Provision for income taxes	(7,913)	(6,821)	(23,614)	(27,845)
Net income	20,557	17,948	54,495	53,745
Net income available to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	18,778	17,143	48,721	50,678
Net income available to non-controlling interests	$ 1,779	$ 805	$ 5,774	$ 3,067
Net income allocated to shareholders of Criteo S.A. per share:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.26	$ 0.75	$ 0.76
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.28	$ 0.25	$ 0.74	$ 0.75
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing per share amounts:
Basic (in shares)	64,868,545	67,075,453	64,600,869	66,531,371
Diluted (in shares)	66,067,045	68,625,673	65,916,219	67,864,802

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Commitments and contingencies - Commitments (Details) - Sep. 30, 2019 - Revolving credit facility - RCF	USD ($)	EUR (€)
Bank Syndicate RCF
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 381,100,000	€ 350,000,000.0
HSBC and LCL Facilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 23,400,000	€ 21,500,000

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Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas - Revenue by Significant Other Countries (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 522,606	$ 528,869	$ 1,608,876	$ 1,630,218
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	192,954	186,366	581,560	559,786
Germany
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	45,972	47,460	146,565	150,607
United Kingdom
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	19,337	22,109	62,285	70,887
Japan
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 83,174	$ 83,792	$ 258,605	$ 260,116

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible assets and Goodwill

Intangible assets and Goodwill

There have been no significant changes in intangible assets or goodwill since December 31, 2018. In addition, no triggering events have occurred that would indicate impairment in the balance of either intangible assets or goodwill.

The estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

	Software		Technology and customer relationships		Total
	(in thousands)
From October 1 to December 31, 2019	$	3,040	$	5,401	$	8,441
2020	7,905		16,744		24,649
2021	5,740		16,744		22,484
2022	2,221		11,366		13,587
2023	751		10,233		10,984
Thereafter	34		15,522		15,556
Total	$	19,691	$	76,010	$	95,701

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Significant Events and Transactions of the Period

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Significant Events and Transactions of the Period

Significant Events and Transactions of the Period

Change in estimated useful life of servers and other data center equipment

During the first quarter of 2019, we revised our estimate of the useful life of all servers and other equipment used in our data centers from 3 to 5 years. This change in estimate was determined based on a revised commissioning plan which extends the period equipment from 3 to 5 years prior to disposal. This resulted in an increase in income from operations of $31.3 million, increase in net income of $26.7 million, or $0.41 per share, from that which would have been reported had the previous expected useful life of 3 years been used for the nine month period ended September 30, 2019. The impact on the three month period ended September 30, 2019 was an increase in income from operations of $10.3 million, an increase in net income of $8.8 million, or $0.13 per share.

Restructuring

As part of a new organization structure designed to best support its multi-product platform strategy and accelerate execution, the Company incurred net restructuring costs of $0.3 million and $2.9 million for the three months and nine month period ended September 30, 2019, respectively, comprising of costs for termination of facilities and payroll expenses, offset by gains from forfeitures of share-based compensation expense.

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Gain from forfeitures of share-based compensation expense	$	606		$	3,284
Depreciation and amortization (expense)	—			(1,228		)
Payroll costs and Facilities related costs	(909		)	(4,977		)
Total restructuring costs	(303		)	(2,921		)

For the three month period ended September 30, 2019, $(0.2) million was included in Research and Development expenses, and $(0.1) million in Sales and Operations expenses. For the nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, $(0.3) million was included in Research and Development expenses, $(2.2) million in Sales and Operations expenses, and $(0.4) million in General and Administrative expenses.

As of September 30, 2019, $2.0 million is remaining as Restructuring liability.

Share repurchase program

On October 25, 2018 Criteo's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $80.0 million of the Company’s outstanding American Depositary Shares. As of December 31, 2018, 3.5 million shares were held as treasury shares. We completed this share repurchase program in 2018.

On February 8, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized the reduction of capital resulting in the formal retirement of 1.6 million treasury shares.

On July 26, 2019, Criteo's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $80.0 million of the Company's outstanding American Depositary Shares. As of September 30, 2019, 0.9 million shares were held as treasury shares as part of the share repurchase program authorized on July 26, 2019.

As of September 30, 2019, we have 1.8 million treasury shares remaining which may be used to satisfy the company's obligations under its employee equity plans upon RSU vestings in lieu of issuing new shares, and for M&A.

	Number of Treasury Shares		Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Balance at January 1, 2018	—		$	—
Treasury Shares Repurchased to potentially use for M&A	1,751,147		40,000
Treasury Shares Repurchased for RSU Vesting	1,748,111		40,000
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting	(40,139	)	(841		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	3,459,119		$	79,159
Treasury Shares Retired	(1,594,288	)	$	(36,137	)
Treasury Shares Repurchased to use for M&A or RSU Vesting	914,908		17,603
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting	(972,488	)	(21,851		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	1,807,251		$	38,774

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Share-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

The board of directors has been authorized by the general meeting of the shareholders to grant employee warrants (Bons de Souscription de Parts de Créateur d’Entreprise or "BSPCEs"), share options (Options de Souscription d'Actions or "OSAs"), restricted share units ("RSUs") and non-employee warrants (Bons de Souscription d'Actions or "BSAs").

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there was four grants of RSUs and one of OSAs under the Employee Share Option Plan 11 as defined in Note 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

• On March 1, 2019, 202,180 RSUs were granted to Criteo employees subject to continued employment.

• On April 25, 2019, 257,291 RSUs were granted to Criteo management subject to continued employment and an additional 257,291 RSUs were granted to members of the management, subject to condition of presence and the achievement of internal performance objectives. In addition, a special supplemental grant of 327,916 RSUs was also granted to members of management subject to continued employment.

• On June 25, 2019, 195,420 RSUs and 62,880 OSAs were granted to Criteo employees and certain senior managers subject to continued employment.

• On July 25, 2019, 1,624,035 RSUs were granted to Criteo employees subject to continued employment.

There have been no changes in the vesting and method of valuation of the BSPCEs, OSAs, RSUs, or BSAs from what was disclosed in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2019 except for the special supplemental grant to management on April 25, 2019 which have a vesting schedule as follows:

• 70% at the expiration of a two year period

• 15% at the expiration of each year following the first two years-period.

Change in Number of BSPCE/OSA/RSU/BSA

	OSA/BSPCE		RSU		BSA	Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	3,187,465		4,780,137		291,670	8,259,272
Granted	62,880		2,864,133		—	2,927,013
Exercised (OSA/BSPCE/BSA)	(58,568	)	—		—	(58,568	)
Vested (RSU)	—		(992,143	)	—	(992,143	)
Forfeited	(697,058	)	(943,784	)	—	(1,640,842	)
Expired	—		—		—	—
Balance at September 30, 2019	2,494,719		5,708,343		291,670	8,494,732

Breakdown of the Closing Balance

	OSA/BSPCE		RSU	BSA
Number outstanding	2,494,719		5,708,343	291,670
Weighted-average exercise price	€	25.05	NA	€	13.02
Number vested	2,083,582		NA	127,139
Weighted-average exercise price	€	24.83	NA	€	20.48
Weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding, in years	5.67		NA	7.18

Reconciliation with the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018												September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
	R&D			S&O			G&A			Total			R&D			S&O			G&A			Total
RSUs	$	(4,723	)	$	(6,604	)	$	(4,236	)	$	(15,563	)	$	(3,190	)	$	(3,741	)	$	(3,360	)	$	(10,291	)
Share options / BSPCE	(178		)	(348		)	(962		)	(1,488		)	(22		)	(68		)	(435		)	(525		)
Total share-based compensation	(4,901		)	(6,952		)	(5,198		)	(17,051		)	(3,212		)	(3,809		)	(3,795		)	(10,816		)
BSAs	—			—			(211		)	(211		)	—			—			(349		)	(349		)
Total equity awards compensation expense	$	(4,901	)	$	(6,952	)	$	(5,409	)	$	(17,262	)	$	(3,212	)	$	(3,809	)	$	(4,144	)	$	(11,165	)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018												September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
	R&D			S&O			G&A			Total			R&D			S&O			G&A			Total
RSUs	$	(15,785	)	$	(21,539	)	$	(13,482	)	$	(50,806	)	$	(10,988	)	$	(14,365	)	$	(9,372	)	$	(34,725	)
Share options / BSPCE	(569		)	(1,309		)	(2,583		)	(4,461		)	423			463			(1,861		)	(975		)
Total share-based compensation	(16,354		)	(22,848		)	(16,065		)	(55,267		)	(10,565		)	(13,902		)	(11,233		)	(35,700		)
BSAs	—			—			(1,066		)	(1,066		)	—			—			(1,060		)	(1,060		)
Total equity awards compensation expense	$	(16,354	)	$	(22,848	)	$	(17,131	)	$	(56,333	)	$	(10,565	)	$	(13,902	)	$	(12,293	)	$	(36,760	)

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Components of leases

The components of lease expense are as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019								September 30, 2019
	Offices			Data Centers		Total			Offices			Data Centers		Total
	(in thousands)
Lease expense	$	8,515		$	6,086	$	14,601		$	27,077		$	17,427	$	44,504
Short term lease expense	496			518		1,014			1,944			1,573		3,517
Variable lease expense	406			605		1,011			458			958		1,416
Sublease income	(769		)	—		(769		)	(2,538		)	—		(2,538		)
Total operating lease expense	$	8,648		$	7,209	$	15,857		$	26,941		$	19,958	$	46,899

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates as of September 30, 2019 are as follows:

	September 30, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Offices	4.98
Data Centers	2.64
Weighted average discount rate
Offices	2.65	%
Data Centers	1.82	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to our operating leases is as follows for the period ended September 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Cash flow for operating activities	$	(12,885	)	$	(40,816	)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,194		$	15,714

Schedule of future minimum lease payments

As of September 30, 2019, we had future minimum lease payments as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Offices			Data Centers			Total
	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2019	$	8,885		$	5,671		$	14,556
2020	34,806			19,283			54,089
2021	32,174			12,522			44,696
2022	29,468			8,631			38,099
2023	20,422			2,198			22,620
Thereafter	27,476			—			27,476
Total minimum lease payments	153,231			48,305			201,536
Impact of Discount Rate	(14,318		)	(2,011		)	(16,329		)
Total Lease Liability	$	138,913		$	46,294		$	185,207

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Provision for income taxes

The condensed consolidated statements of income line item “Provision for income taxes” can be broken down as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Current income tax	$	(37,186	)	$	(24,988	)
Net change in deferred taxes	9,341			1,374
Provision for income taxes	$	(27,845	)	$	(23,614	)

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 20,557	$ 17,948	$ 54,495	$ 53,745
Foreign currency translation differences, net of taxes	(24,202)	(5,539)	(25,096)	(14,210)
Actuarial (losses) gains on employee benefits, net of taxes	(689)	23	(2,327)	436
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(24,891)	(5,516)	(27,423)	(13,774)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	(4,334)	12,432	27,072	39,971
Attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	(6,015)	12,076	20,827	37,127
Attributable to non-controlling interests	$ 1,681	$ 356	$ 6,245	$ 2,844

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36153
Entity Registrant Name	Criteo S.A.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	I0
Entity Address, Address Line One	32, rue Blanche
Entity Address, City or Town	Paris
Entity Address, Country	FR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	75009
Country Region	33
City Area Code	40
Local Phone Number	40 22 90
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		64,077,759
Entity Central Index Key	0001576427
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
American Depositary Shares
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	American Depositary Shares, each representing one Ordinary Share,nominal value €0.025 per share
Trading Symbol	CRTO
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Ordinary Shares
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	​Ordinary Shares, nominal value €0.025 per share​
No Trading Symbol Flag	true
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

We are a global technology company building the leading advertising platform for the open Internet. We strive to deliver impactful business results at scale to commerce companies and consumer brands by meeting their marketing goals at their targeted return on investment. Using shopping data, predictive technology and large consumer reach, we help our clients drive Awareness, Consideration and Conversion for their products and services¹, and help retailers generate advertising revenues from brands. Our data is pooled among our clients and offers deep insights into consumer intent and purchasing habits. To drive measurable results for clients, we activate our data assets through proprietary artificial intelligence ("AI") technology to engage consumers in real time through the pricing and delivery of highly relevant digital advertisements ("ads"), across devices and environments. By pricing our offering on a range of pricing models and measuring our value based on clear, well-defined performance metrics, we make the return on investment transparent and easy to measure for advertisers.

In these notes, Criteo S.A. is referred to as the "Parent" company and together with its subsidiaries, collectively, as "Criteo," the "Company," the "Group," or "we".

^{___________________________________________________} 

¹ Driving Awareness for a brand means exposing its brand name to consumers who have not been in touch with the brand before, thereby creating brand awareness from such consumers. Driving Consideration for an advertiser's products or services means attracting prospective new consumers to consider engaging with and/or buying this advertiser's products or services. Driving Conversion for an advertisers' products or services means triggering a purchase by consumers who have already engaged with this advertisers products or services in the past.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein (the "Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements") have been prepared by Criteo S.A. pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to state fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for any subsequent interim period or for the fiscal year.

Conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical information and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results may differ from these estimates. U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments in several areas, including, but not limited to: (1) revenue recognition criteria, (2) allowances for doubtful accounts, (3) research tax credits, (4) income taxes, including i) recognition of deferred tax assets arising from the subsidiaries projected taxable profit for future years, ii) evaluation of uncertain tax positions associated with our transfer pricing policy and iii) recognition of income tax position in respect of the tax reform in France voted in December 2018, (5) assumptions used in valuing acquired assets and assumed liabilities in business combinations, (6) assumptions used in the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, and (7) assumptions used in the valuation model to determine the fair value of share-based compensation plan.

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, except for the accounting pronouncements adopted below.

Accounting Pronouncements adopted in 2019

Effective January 1, 2019, we have adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board, ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 842 No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet for operating leases with terms of more than 12 months, in addition to those currently recorded. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, which included an option not to restate comparative periods in transition and use the effective date of ASC 842, Leases, as the date of the initial application of transition, which we elected. Prior periods have not been adjusted and continue to be accounted for in accordance with ASC 840. As a result of adopting ASU 842, we recognized total operating lease liabilities of $223.5 million and operating right-of-use assets of $204.3 million as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASC 842 had an immaterial impact on our condensed consolidated statements of income and our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three month and the nine month period ended September 30, 2019. Refer to Note 8. Leases, for additional information and required disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2019, we have adopted ASU 2018 - 07, Improvements to Non-Employee Sharebased Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU expands Topic 718 to include share base payments for goods or services to non employees. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 (ASU 2016-13) Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model which requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. This will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We will adopt ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020 with the cumulative effect of adoption recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The adoption of the standard is expected to mainly impact our process for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts; however, the impact on the consolidated financial statements is not expected to be material.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software - Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. This ASU was issued to clarify the accounting for implementation costs incurred for SaaS agreements. Previously the guidance only referred to development of internal use software and the accounting for SaaS agreements was not clarified. This ASU states that the implementation costs should be capitalized. We will adopt ASU 2018-15 effective January 1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact on our financial position, results of operations, and statement of cash flows.

XML

Leases - Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rates (Details)	Sep. 30, 2019
Offices
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	4 years 11 months 23 days
Weighted average discount rate
Weighted average discount rate	2.65%
Data Centers
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	2 years 7 months 20 days
Weighted average discount rate
Weighted average discount rate	1.82%

XML

Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Estimated Amortization Expense Maturity
From October 1 to December 31, 2019	$ 8,441
2020	24,649
2021	22,484
2022	13,587
2023	10,984
Thereafter	15,556
Total	95,701
Software
Estimated Amortization Expense Maturity
From October 1 to December 31, 2019	3,040
2020	7,905
2021	5,740
2022	2,221
2023	751
Thereafter	34
Total	19,691
Technology and customer relationships
Estimated Amortization Expense Maturity
From October 1 to December 31, 2019	5,401
2020	16,744
2021	16,744
2022	11,366
2023	10,233
Thereafter	15,522
Total	$ 76,010

XML

Commitments and contingencies - Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Loss Contingency Accrual [Roll Forward]
Contingencies accrual, beginning balance	$ 2,640
Increase	2,189
Provision used	(26)
Provision released not used	(421)
Currency translation adjustments	(199)
Contingencies accrual, ending balance	4,183
Contingencies accrual, of which current	4,183
Provision for employee-related litigation
Loss Contingency Accrual [Roll Forward]
Contingencies accrual, beginning balance	244
Increase	270
Provision used	(26)
Provision released not used	(56)
Currency translation adjustments	(18)
Contingencies accrual, ending balance	414
Contingencies accrual, of which current	414
Other provisions
Loss Contingency Accrual [Roll Forward]
Contingencies accrual, beginning balance	2,396
Increase	1,919
Provision used	0
Provision released not used	(365)
Currency translation adjustments	(181)
Contingencies accrual, ending balance	3,769
Contingencies accrual, of which current	$ 3,769

XML

Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas - Other Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Non-current assets	$ 293,223	$ 296,049
Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Non-current assets	117,310	125,654
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Non-current assets	104,933	125,312
EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Non-current assets	21,943	27,898
Asia-Pacific
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Non-current assets	16,603	19,109
Japan
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Non-current assets	9,935	11,630
Singapore
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Non-current assets	2,563	2,992
Holding
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Non-current assets	$ 137,367	$ 123,388

XML

Significant Events and Transactions of the Period - Schedule of Restructuring Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total restructuring costs	$ (303)	$ (2,921)
Gain from forfeitures of share-based compensation expense
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total restructuring costs	606	3,284
Depreciation and amortization (expense)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total restructuring costs	0	(1,228)
Payroll costs and Facilities related costs
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total restructuring costs	$ (909)	$ (4,977)

XML

Financial Instruments - Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 - Fair value - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Derivative Assets:
Included in other current assets	$ 0	$ 1,703
Derivative Liabilities:
Included in financial liabilities - current portion	$ 493	$ 0

XML

Financial Income and Expenses - Financial income (expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Financial income from cash equivalents	$ 442	$ 294	$ 1,227	$ 798
Interest and fees	(454)	(521)	(1,458)	(1,565)
Interest on debt	(421)	(455)	(1,294)	(1,488)
Fees	(33)	(66)	(164)	(77)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(869)	(760)	(3,556)	(2,507)
Other financial expense	(19)	(20)	(441)	(64)
Total financial income (expense)	$ (900)	$ (1,007)	$ (4,228)	$ (3,338)

XML

Share-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - shares					9 Months Ended
	Jul. 25, 2019	Jun. 25, 2019	Apr. 25, 2019	Mar. 01, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
RSUs granted (in shares)	1,624,035	195,420		202,180	2,864,133
Share options / BSPCE
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
RSUs granted (in shares)		62,880
Tranche 1 | RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting schedule of grant (as a percent)					70.00%
Tranche 1 | Management | RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
RSUs granted (in shares)			257,291
Tranche 2 | RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting schedule of grant (as a percent)					15.00%
Tranche 2 | Management | RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
RSUs granted (in shares)			257,291
Tranche 3 | Management | RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
RSUs granted (in shares)			327,916

XML

Earnings Per Share - Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$ 18,778	$ 17,143	$ 48,721	$ 50,678
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	64,868,545	67,075,453	64,600,869	66,531,371
Dilutive effect of :
Restricted share awards (RSU's) (in shares)	907,412	1,093,830	987,586	893,341
Share options and (BSPCEs) (in shares)	261,324	417,873	290,756	402,581
Share warrants (in shares)	29,764	38,517	37,008	37,509
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to determine diluted earnings per share (in shares)	66,067,045	68,625,673	65,916,219	67,864,802
Diluted earnings per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.28	$ 0.25	$ 0.74	$ 0.75

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein (the "Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements") have been prepared by Criteo S.A. pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to state fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for any subsequent interim period or for the fiscal year.

Conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical information and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results may differ from these estimates. U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments in several areas, including, but not limited to: (1) revenue recognition criteria, (2) allowances for doubtful accounts, (3) research tax credits, (4) income taxes, including i) recognition of deferred tax assets arising from the subsidiaries projected taxable profit for future years, ii) evaluation of uncertain tax positions associated with our transfer pricing policy and iii) recognition of income tax position in respect of the tax reform in France voted in December 2018, (5) assumptions used in valuing acquired assets and assumed liabilities in business combinations, (6) assumptions used in the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, and (7) assumptions used in the valuation model to determine the fair value of share-based compensation plan.

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, except for the accounting pronouncements adopted below

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Accounting Pronouncements adopted in 2019

Effective January 1, 2019, we have adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board, ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 842 No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which generally requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet for operating leases with terms of more than 12 months, in addition to those currently recorded. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, which included an option not to restate comparative periods in transition and use the effective date of ASC 842, Leases, as the date of the initial application of transition, which we elected. Prior periods have not been adjusted and continue to be accounted for in accordance with ASC 840. As a result of adopting ASU 842, we recognized total operating lease liabilities of $223.5 million and operating right-of-use assets of $204.3 million as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASC 842 had an immaterial impact on our condensed consolidated statements of income and our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three month and the nine month period ended September 30, 2019. Refer to Note 8. Leases, for additional information and required disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2019, we have adopted ASU 2018 - 07, Improvements to Non-Employee Sharebased Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU expands Topic 718 to include share base payments for goods or services to non employees. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 (ASU 2016-13) Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model which requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. This will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We will adopt ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020 with the cumulative effect of adoption recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The adoption of the standard is expected to mainly impact our process for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts; however, the impact on the consolidated financial statements is not expected to be material.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software - Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. This ASU was issued to clarify the accounting for implementation costs incurred for SaaS agreements. Previously the guidance only referred to development of internal use software and the accounting for SaaS agreements was not clarified. This ASU states that the implementation costs should be capitalized. We will adopt ASU 2018-15 effective January 1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact on our financial position, results of operations, and statement of cash flows.

Revenue

Revenue Recognition

We sell personalized display advertisements featuring product-level recommendations either directly to clients or to advertising agencies. Historically, the Criteo model has focused solely on converting our clients' website visitors into customers, enabling us to charge our clients only when users engage with an ad we deliver, usually by clicking on it. More recently, we have expanded our solutions to address a broader range of marketing goals for our clients.

We offer two families of solutions to our commerce and brand clients:

• Criteo Marketing Solutions allow commerce companies to address multiple marketing goals by engaging their consumers with personalized ads across the web, mobile and offline store environments.

• Criteo Retail Media solutions allow retailers to generate advertising revenues from consumer brands, and/or to drive sales for themselves, by monetizing their data and audiences through personalized ads, either on their own digital property or on the open Internet, that address multiple marketing goals.

In conjunction with broadening our solutions, we have also started expanding our pricing models to now include a combination of cost-per-install and cost-per-impression for selected new solutions, in addition to cost-per-click.

We recognize revenues when we transfer control of promised services directly to our clients or to advertising agencies, which we collectively refer to as our clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

For campaigns priced on a cost-per-click and cost-per-install basis, we bill our clients when a user clicks on an advertisement we deliver or installs an application by clicking on an advertisement we delivered, respectively. For these pricing models, we recognize revenue when a user clicks on an advertisement or installs an application.     

For campaigns priced on a cost-per-impression basis, we bill our clients based on the number of times an advertisement is displayed to a user. For this pricing model, we recognize revenue when an advertisement is displayed.

We act as principal in our arrangements because (i) we control the advertising inventory (spaces on websites) before it is transferred to our clients; (ii) we bear sole responsibility for fulfillment of the advertising promise and inventory risks and (iii) we have full discretion in establishing prices. Therefore, based on these factors, we report revenue earned and the related costs incurred on a gross basis.

Excluding our historical solution for driving Conversion through Criteo Marketing Solutions (formerly called Criteo Dynamic Retargeting), no individual solution accounted for more than 10% of total consolidated revenue for the periods presented.

Customer Credit Notes

We offer credit notes to certain customers as a form of incentive, which are accounted for as variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and they are recognized as a reduction of revenue. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

Deferred Revenues

We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance. Our payment terms vary depending on the service or the type of customer. For certain customers, we require payment before the services are delivered.

Practical Expedients     

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and operating expenses.

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Commitments and contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments

Revolving Credit Facilities "RCF", Credit Line Facilities and Bank Overdrafts     

As mentioned in Note 3, we are party to an RCF with a syndicate of banks which allow us to draw up to €350.0 million ($381.1 million).

We are also party to short-term credit lines and overdraft facilities with HSBC plc, BNP Paribas and LCL with an authorization to draw up to a maximum of €21.5 million ($23.4 million) in aggregate under the short-term credit lines and overdraft facilities. As of September 30, 2019, we had not drawn on any of these facilities. Any loans or overdraft under these short-term facilities bear interest based on the one month EURIBOR rate or three month EURIBOR rate. As these facilities are exclusively short-term credit and overdraft facilities, our banks have the ability to terminate such facilities on short notice.

Contingencies

Changes in provisions during the presented periods are summarized below:

	Provision for employee-related litigation			Other provisions			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	244		$	2,396		$	2,640
Increase	270			1,919			2,189
Provision used	(26		)	—			(26		)
Provision released not used	(56		)	(365		)	(421		)
Currency translation adjustments	(18		)	(181		)	(199		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	414		$	3,769		$	4,183
- of which current	414			3,769			4,183

The amount of the provisions represents management’s best estimate of the future outflow.

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets

The estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

	Software		Technology and customer relationships		Total
	(in thousands)
From October 1 to December 31, 2019	$	3,040	$	5,401	$	8,441
2020	7,905		16,744		24,649
2021	5,740		16,744		22,484
2022	2,221		11,366		13,587
2023	751		10,233		10,984
Thereafter	34		15,522		15,556
Total	$	19,691	$	76,010	$	95,701

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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Disclosure of share-based compensation by share-based payment award

Change in Number of BSPCE/OSA/RSU/BSA

	OSA/BSPCE		RSU		BSA	Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	3,187,465		4,780,137		291,670	8,259,272
Granted	62,880		2,864,133		—	2,927,013
Exercised (OSA/BSPCE/BSA)	(58,568	)	—		—	(58,568	)
Vested (RSU)	—		(992,143	)	—	(992,143	)
Forfeited	(697,058	)	(943,784	)	—	(1,640,842	)
Expired	—		—		—	—
Balance at September 30, 2019	2,494,719		5,708,343		291,670	8,494,732

Breakdown of the Closing Balance

	OSA/BSPCE		RSU	BSA
Number outstanding	2,494,719		5,708,343	291,670
Weighted-average exercise price	€	25.05	NA	€	13.02
Number vested	2,083,582		NA	127,139
Weighted-average exercise price	€	24.83	NA	€	20.48
Weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding, in years	5.67		NA	7.18

Schedule of share-based compensation reconciliation with the Consolidated Statements of Income

Reconciliation with the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018												September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
	R&D			S&O			G&A			Total			R&D			S&O			G&A			Total
RSUs	$	(4,723	)	$	(6,604	)	$	(4,236	)	$	(15,563	)	$	(3,190	)	$	(3,741	)	$	(3,360	)	$	(10,291	)
Share options / BSPCE	(178		)	(348		)	(962		)	(1,488		)	(22		)	(68		)	(435		)	(525		)
Total share-based compensation	(4,901		)	(6,952		)	(5,198		)	(17,051		)	(3,212		)	(3,809		)	(3,795		)	(10,816		)
BSAs	—			—			(211		)	(211		)	—			—			(349		)	(349		)
Total equity awards compensation expense	$	(4,901	)	$	(6,952	)	$	(5,409	)	$	(17,262	)	$	(3,212	)	$	(3,809	)	$	(4,144	)	$	(11,165	)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018												September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
	R&D			S&O			G&A			Total			R&D			S&O			G&A			Total
RSUs	$	(15,785	)	$	(21,539	)	$	(13,482	)	$	(50,806	)	$	(10,988	)	$	(14,365	)	$	(9,372	)	$	(34,725	)
Share options / BSPCE	(569		)	(1,309		)	(2,583		)	(4,461		)	423			463			(1,861		)	(975		)
Total share-based compensation	(16,354		)	(22,848		)	(16,065		)	(55,267		)	(10,565		)	(13,902		)	(11,233		)	(35,700		)
BSAs	—			—			(1,066		)	(1,066		)	—			—			(1,060		)	(1,060		)
Total equity awards compensation expense	$	(16,354	)	$	(22,848	)	$	(17,131	)	$	(56,333	)	$	(10,565	)	$	(13,902	)	$	(12,293	)	$	(36,760	)

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Commitments and contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Changes in provisions for contingencies

Changes in provisions during the presented periods are summarized below:

	Provision for employee-related litigation			Other provisions			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	244		$	2,396		$	2,640
Increase	270			1,919			2,189
Provision used	(26		)	—			(26		)
Provision released not used	(56		)	(365		)	(421		)
Currency translation adjustments	(18		)	(181		)	(199		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	414		$	3,769		$	4,183
- of which current	414			3,769			4,183

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which requires companies to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet.

We have adopted Topic 842 effective January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and elected not to restate comparative periods. We chose to use certain practical expedients offered by the standard including:

• We did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or the initial direct costs for any existing leases.

• We do not recognize a lease liability or right of use asset for leases with a term of 12 months or less, and

• We used hindsight in determining the lease term.

We lease space under non-cancellable operating leases for our offices as well as our data centers. Our office leases typically include free rent periods or rent escalation periods, and may also include leasehold improvement incentives. Leases for data centers may also include free rent periods or rent escalation periods. These leases typically do not include residual value guarantees. Both office and data center leases may contain both lease components (rent) and non-lease components (maintenance, electrical costs, and other service charges). Non-lease components are accounted for separately.

Both office and data center leases typically contain options to renew, and/or early terminate. We have evaluated management's expectations for these options as of September 30, 2019. Options have been included in the lease term if management has determined it is reasonably certain it will be exercised.

Operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to determine the present value of future payments. We have a centralized treasury function, and the majority of our leases are negotiated and signed by representatives of Criteo SA. As such, the incremental borrowing rate of Criteo SA is used for all of our contracts. It is then adjusted in consideration of the currency of the lease and the lease term as of the lease commencement date.

Lease expense is recognized for minimum lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable costs are expensed in the period incurred. Variable expenses include changes in indexation. Leases for data centers may have variable costs based on electrical usage.

The components of lease expense are as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019								September 30, 2019
	Offices			Data Centers		Total			Offices			Data Centers		Total
	(in thousands)
Lease expense	$	8,515		$	6,086	$	14,601		$	27,077		$	17,427	$	44,504
Short term lease expense	496			518		1,014			1,944			1,573		3,517
Variable lease expense	406			605		1,011			458			958		1,416
Sublease income	(769		)	—		(769		)	(2,538		)	—		(2,538		)
Total operating lease expense	$	8,648		$	7,209	$	15,857		$	26,941		$	19,958	$	46,899

As of September 30, 2019, we had future minimum lease payments as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Offices			Data Centers			Total
	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2019	$	8,885		$	5,671		$	14,556
2020	34,806			19,283			54,089
2021	32,174			12,522			44,696
2022	29,468			8,631			38,099
2023	20,422			2,198			22,620
Thereafter	27,476			—			27,476
Total minimum lease payments	153,231			48,305			201,536
Impact of Discount Rate	(14,318		)	(2,011		)	(16,329		)
Total Lease Liability	$	138,913		$	46,294		$	185,207

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates as of September 30, 2019 are as follows:

	September 30, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Offices	4.98
Data Centers	2.64
Weighted average discount rate
Offices	2.65	%
Data Centers	1.82	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to our operating leases is as follows for the period ended September 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Cash flow for operating activities	$	(12,885	)	$	(40,816	)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,194		$	15,714

As of September 30, 2019, we have additional operating leases, primarily for offices, that have not yet commenced which will result in additional operating lease liabilities and right of use assets of approximately $12.9 million. These operating leases will commence between 2019 and 2020.

For periods prior to January 1, 2019, we accounted for our lease commitments in accordance with ASC 840. We recognized rent expense for leases on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized expense for office leases of $9.5 million and data centers costs of $14.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 we recognized expense for office leases of $28.6 million and data center costs of $38.9 million. The rent expense recognized in prior periods included amounts which are now considered non-lease components such as maintenance services and electricity charges.

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Trade Receivables

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Receivables [Abstract]

Trade Receivables

Trade Receivables

The following table shows the breakdown in trade receivables net book value for the presented periods:

	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade accounts receivables	$	499,819		$	372,467
(Less) Allowance for doubtful accounts	(25,918		)	(15,768		)
Net book value at end of period	$	473,901		$	356,699

Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts are summarized below:

	2018			2019
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 1	$	(20,818	)	$	(25,918	)
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(13,609		)	(8,357		)
Reversal of provision	9,382			18,117
Currency translation adjustment	703			390
Balance at September 30	$	(24,342	)	$	(15,768	)

The amount charged to allowance for doubtful accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year due to a consistent application of the Company credit policy. The reversal of provision increased during the nine month period ended September 30, 2019, mainly due to payments received and increased write-offs of long outstanding receivables already reserved for which it is certain we will not collect. The Company mitigates its credit risk with respect to accounts receivables by performing credit evaluations and monitoring agencies and advertisers' accounts receivables balances.

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Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas - Revenue by Geographical Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 522,606	$ 528,869	$ 1,608,876	$ 1,630,218
Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	213,937	211,247	645,904	636,723
EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	185,556	195,230	589,558	618,921
Asia-Pacific
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 123,113	$ 122,392	$ 373,414	$ 374,574

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income		$ 20,557	$ 17,948	$ 54,495	$ 53,745
Non-cash and non-operating items		18,776	28,379	72,735	103,808
- Amortization and provisions		19,455	27,891	57,381	79,040
- Equity awards compensation expense	[1]	11,165	17,262	36,760	56,333
- Change in deferred taxes		(2,710)	(1,806)	(1,374)	(9,341)
- Change in income taxes		(9,309)	(14,988)	(19,939)	(18,988)
- Other	[2]	175	20	(93)	(3,236)
Changes in working capital related to operating activities		3,956	3,929	36,243	17,573
- (Increase)/Decrease in trade receivables		14,821	12,931	120,164	114,377
- Increase/(Decrease) in trade payables		(4,415)	13,091	(77,895)	(76,599)
- (Increase)/Decrease in other current assets		638	(8,229)	2,150	5,550
- Increase/(Decrease) in other current liabilities	[2]	(10,177)	(13,864)	(4,726)	(25,755)
- Change in operating lease liabilities and right of use assets		3,089	0	(3,450)	0
CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES		43,289	50,256	163,473	175,126
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Acquisition of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment		(27,239)	(60,627)	(69,343)	(86,920)
Change in accounts payable related to intangible assets, property, plant and equipment		3,295	30,971	(11,077)	6,850
(Payment for) disposal of a business, net of cash acquired (disposed)		106	(38,100)	(4,582)	(48,911)
Change in other non-current financial assets		(165)	(45)	(1,349)	(3)
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(24,003)	(67,801)	(86,351)	(128,984)
CASH FROM (USED FOR) FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayment of borrowings		(167)	(248)	(506)	(721)
Net payments related to equity award activities		725	212	638	774
Change in treasury stocks		(17,603)	0	(17,603)	0
Change in other financial liabilities	[2]	(928)	(136)	(1,167)	16,674
CASH FROM (USED FOR) FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(17,973)	(172)	(18,638)	16,727
Effect of exchange rates changes on cash and cash equivalents	[2]	(14,188)	(3,878)	(13,732)	(18,290)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(12,875)	(21,595)	44,752	44,579
Net cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		422,053	480,285	364,426	414,111
Net cash and cash equivalents at end of period		409,178	458,690	409,178	458,690
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds		(19,932)	(23,614)	(44,927)	(56,174)
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized		$ (337)	$ (422)	$ (1,095)	$ (1,262)

[1] Share-based compensation expense according to ASC 718 Compensation - stock compensation accounted for $17.1 million and $10.8 million of equity awards compensation expense for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and $55.3 million and $35.7 million of equity awards compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

[2] During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, and the nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, the Company reported the cash impact of the settlement of hedging derivatives related to financing activities in cash from (used for) financing activities in the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows.

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Leases not yet commenced			$ 12.9
Offices
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease expense	$ 9.5	$ 28.6
Data Centers
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease expense	$ 14.1	$ 38.9

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED) (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 € / shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2018 € / shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Trade receivables, allowances | $		$ 15,768		$ 25,918
Common shares, par value (in Euro per share) | € / shares	€ 0.025		€ 0.025
Common shares authorized (in shares)		66,173,983		67,708,203
Common shares issued (in shares)		66,173,983		67,708,203
Common shares outstanding (in shares)		66,173,983		67,708,203
Treasury stock (in shares)		1,807,251		3,459,119

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Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease expense	$ 14,601	$ 44,504
Short term lease expense	1,014	3,517
Variable lease expense	1,011	1,416
Sublease income	(769)	(2,538)
Total operating lease expense	15,857	46,899
Offices
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease expense	8,515	27,077
Short term lease expense	496	1,944
Variable lease expense	406	458
Sublease income	(769)	(2,538)
Total operating lease expense	8,648	26,941
Data Centers
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease expense	6,086	17,427
Short term lease expense	518	1,573
Variable lease expense	605	958
Sublease income	0	0
Total operating lease expense	$ 7,209	$ 19,958

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Trade Receivables - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
January 1	$ (25,918)	$ (20,818)
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(8,357)	(13,609)
Reversal of provision	18,117	9,382
Currency translation adjustment	390	703
September 30	$ (15,768)	$ (24,342)

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 27, 2017	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Current income tax				$ (24,988)	$ (37,186)
Net change in deferred taxes		$ 2,710	$ 1,806	1,374	9,341
Provision for income taxes		$ (7,913)	$ (6,821)	$ (23,614)	$ (27,845)
Estimated tax rate		30.00%	32.00%
Effective tax rate		30.00%	34.00%
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Estimate of possible loss	$ 15,000

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Share-Based Compensation - Breakdown of the Closing Balance (Details) - € / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
OSA/BSPCE
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number outstanding, options (in shares)	2,494,719	3,187,465
Weighted-average exercise price, options (in Euro per share)	€ 25.05
Number vested, options (in shares)	2,083,582
Weighted-average exercise price, options (in Euro per share)	€ 24.83
Weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding	5 years 8 months 1 day
RSU
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number outstanding (in shares)	5,708,343	4,780,137
BSAs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number outstanding, options (in shares)	291,670	291,670
Weighted-average exercise price, options (in Euro per share)	€ 13.02
Number vested, options (in shares)	127,139
Weighted-average exercise price, options (in Euro per share)	€ 20.48
Weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding	7 years 2 months 4 days

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total Lease Liability	$ 185,207
Operating right-of-use assets	$ 169,921		$ 0
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total Lease Liability		$ 223,500
Operating right-of-use assets		$ 204,300

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Financial Instruments - Financial Assets and Credit Risk (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Maximum exposure	$ 448,925	$ 570,515
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, period increase (decrease)	(10,100)	5,100
Trade receivables, net of allowance
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Maximum exposure	356,699	473,901
Other taxes
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Maximum exposure	52,810	53,338
Other current assets
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Maximum exposure	18,165	22,816
Non-current financial assets
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Maximum exposure	$ 21,251	$ 20,460

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Trade Receivables - Breakdown in Trade Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]
Trade accounts receivables	$ 372,467	$ 499,819
(Less) Allowance for doubtful accounts	(15,768)	(25,918)	$ (24,342)	$ (20,818)
Net book value at end of period	$ 356,699	$ 473,901

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Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedules of concentration of risk

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the end of each reported period is represented by the carrying amount of financial assets, and summarized in the following table:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade receivables, net of allowance	473,901		356,699
Other taxes	53,338		52,810
Other current assets	22,816		18,165
Non-current financial assets	20,460		21,251
Total	$	570,515	$	448,925

Schedule of financial liabilities

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade payables	$	425,376	$	322,284
Other taxes	55,592		48,313
Employee-related payables	65,878		59,824
Other current liabilities	47,115		38,868
Financial liabilities	3,508		3,764
Total	$	597,469	$	473,053

Schedule of derivative financial instruments

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Derivative Assets:
Included in other current assets	$	1,703	$	—
Derivative Liabilities:
Included in financial liabilities - current portion	$	—	$	493

Schedule of assets and liabilities carried at fair value

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents	$	125,442	$	167,443
Cash on hand	238,984		241,735
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	364,426	$	409,178

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Related Parties

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Parties

Related Parties

There were no significant related-party transactions during the period nor any change in the nature of the transactions as described in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 except as follows:

On June 25, 2019, Criteo announced that Chief Operating Officer Mollie Spilman has decided to leave the Company to pursue a new career opportunity. She has left the Company as of July 5, 2019.

Effective July 26, 2019, Criteo S.A. and Mr. Dan Teodosiu, the Company’s Chief Technology Officer, mutually agreed that Mr. Teodosiu would step down from his role as Chief Technology Officer and separate from employment as of September 30th, 2019.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Breakdown of Income Taxes

The tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate (“AETR”), adjusted for discrete items arising in the period. To calculate our estimated AETR, we estimate our income before taxes and the related tax expense or benefit for the full fiscal year (total of expected current and deferred tax provisions), excluding the effect of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items or comprehensive income items not recognized in the statement of income. Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated annual tax rate does change, we make a cumulative adjustment in that quarter. Our quarterly tax provision, and our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate, are subject to significant volatility due to several factors including our ability to accurately predict our income (loss) before provision for income taxes in multiple jurisdictions and the changes in foreign exchange rates. Our effective tax rate in the future will depend on the portion of our profits earned within and outside of France.

The condensed consolidated statements of income line item “Provision for income taxes” can be broken down as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Current income tax	$	(37,186	)	$	(24,988	)
Net change in deferred taxes	9,341			1,374
Provision for income taxes	$	(27,845	)	$	(23,614	)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, we used an annual estimated tax rate of 32% and 30%, respectively, to calculate the provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate was 34% and 30% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The difference between the annual estimated tax rate and the effective tax rate is mainly due to the tax impact of discrete items such as share-based compensation in the United States. Discrete items were immaterial for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulting in no material difference between the annual estimated tax rate and the effective tax rate.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our estimated effective tax rate includes in particular our preliminary estimates for the tax reform in France voted in December 2018. Our estimates are preliminary, and our effective tax rate may be impacted as more information becomes available regarding the tax reform in France.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our estimated annual effective tax rate included our estimates for the impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") which was enacted on December 22, 2017 and introduces significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Effective in 2018, the Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% and created new taxes on certain related-party payments, referred to as a base erosion anti-avoidance tax, or “BEAT”.

Current tax assets and liabilities

The total amount of current tax assets consists mainly of prepayments of income taxes and credits of Criteo SA, Criteo Corp. and Criteo Gmbh. The current tax liabilities refers mainly to the corporate tax payables of Criteo K.K.

Ongoing tax inspection in the United States

On September 27, 2017, we received a draft notice of proposed adjustment (NOPA) from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") audit of Criteo Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2014, confirmed by the definitive notice dated February 8, 2018. Although we disagree with the IRS's position and are currently contesting this issue, the ultimate resolution of this litigation is uncertain and, if resolved in a manner unfavorable to us, could result in an additional federal tax liability of an estimated maximum aggregate amount of approximately $15.0 million, excluding related fees, interest and penalties.

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Earnings Per Share - Basic (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$ 18,778	$ 17,143	$ 48,721	$ 50,678
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	64,868,545	67,075,453	64,600,869	66,531,371
Basic earnings per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.26	$ 0.75	$ 0.76

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Share-Based Compensation - Share-based compensation expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ (10,816)	$ (17,051)	$ (35,700)	$ (55,267)
Total equity awards compensation expense	(11,165)	(17,262)	(36,760)	(56,333)
R&D
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(3,212)	(4,901)	(10,565)	(16,354)
Total equity awards compensation expense	(3,212)	(4,901)	(10,565)	(16,354)
S&O
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(3,809)	(6,952)	(13,902)	(22,848)
Total equity awards compensation expense	(3,809)	(6,952)	(13,902)	(22,848)
G&A
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(3,795)	(5,198)	(11,233)	(16,065)
Total equity awards compensation expense	(4,144)	(5,409)	(12,293)	(17,131)
RSUs
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(10,291)	(15,563)	(34,725)	(50,806)
RSUs | R&D
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(3,190)	(4,723)	(10,988)	(15,785)
RSUs | S&O
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(3,741)	(6,604)	(14,365)	(21,539)
RSUs | G&A
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(3,360)	(4,236)	(9,372)	(13,482)
Share options / BSPCE
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(525)	(1,488)	(975)	(4,461)
Share options / BSPCE | R&D
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(22)	(178)	423	(569)
Share options / BSPCE | S&O
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(68)	(348)	463	(1,309)
Share options / BSPCE | G&A
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	(435)	(962)	(1,861)	(2,583)
BSAs
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Issuance of Stock and Warrants for Services or Claims	(349)	(211)	(1,060)	(1,066)
BSAs | R&D
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Issuance of Stock and Warrants for Services or Claims	0	0	0	0
BSAs | S&O
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Issuance of Stock and Warrants for Services or Claims	0	0	0	0
BSAs | G&A
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Issuance of Stock and Warrants for Services or Claims	$ (349)	$ (211)	$ (1,060)	$ (1,066)

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Financial Instruments - Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 - Fair value - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 409,178	$ 364,426
Cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	167,443	125,442
Cash on hand
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 241,735	$ 238,984

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Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of consolidated revenue for each geographical area

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the nine months ended:	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	636,723	$	618,921	$	374,574	$	1,630,218
September 30, 2019	$	645,904	$	589,558	$	373,414	$	1,608,876

The following tables disclose our consolidated revenue for each geographical area for each of the reported periods. Revenue by geographical area is based on the location of advertisers’ campaigns.

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the three months ended:	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	211,247	$	195,230	$	122,392	$	528,869
September 30, 2019	$	213,937	$	185,556	$	123,113	$	522,606

Schedule of revenue generated in other significant countries

Revenue generated in other significant countries where we operate is presented in the following table:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Americas
United States	$	186,366	$	192,954	$	559,786	$	581,560
EMEA
Germany	$	47,460	$	45,972	$	150,607	$	146,565
United Kingdom	$	22,109	$	19,337	$	70,887	$	62,285
Asia-Pacific
Japan	$	83,792	$	83,174	$	260,116	$	258,605

Schedule of non-current assets by geographical area and country

For each reported period, non-current assets (corresponding to the net book value of tangible and intangible assets, excluding right of use assets related to lease agreements) are presented in the table below. The geographical information results from the locations of legal entities.

					Of which						Of which		Of which
	Holding		Americas		United States		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Japan		Singapore		Total
(in thousands)
December 31, 2018	$	123,388	$	125,654	$	125,312	$	27,898	$	19,109	$	11,630	$	2,992	$	296,049
September 30, 2019	$	137,367	$	117,310	$	104,933	$	21,943	$	16,603	$	9,935	$	2,563	$	293,223

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Significant Events and Transactions of the Period - Treasury Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Number of Treasury Shares
Beginning Balance (in shares)			3,459,119	3,459,119
Ending Balance (in shares)	1,807,251			1,807,251	3,459,119
Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Beginning Balance			$ 79,159	$ 79,159
Treasury Shares Repurchased	$ 17,899
Ending Balance	$ 38,774			$ 38,774	$ 79,159
Treasury Stock
Number of Treasury Shares
Beginning Balance (in shares)			3,459,119	3,459,119	0
Treasury Shares Repurchased (in shares)	(688,282)	553,435	1,786,715
Treasury Shares Retired (in shares)				(1,594,288)
Ending Balance (in shares)	1,807,251			1,807,251	3,459,119
Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Beginning Balance			$ 79,159	$ 79,159	$ 0
Treasury Shares Repurchased	$ 12,210	$ (12,515)	$ (40,080)
Treasury Shares Retired				(36,137)
Ending Balance	$ 38,774			$ 38,774	$ 79,159
Treasury Shares Repurchased to potentially use for M&A
Number of Treasury Shares
Treasury Shares Repurchased (in shares)					1,751,147
Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Treasury Shares Repurchased					$ 40,000
Treasury Shares Repurchased for RSU Vesting
Number of Treasury Shares
Treasury Shares Repurchased (in shares)					1,748,111
Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Treasury Shares Repurchased					$ 40,000
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting
Number of Treasury Shares
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting (in shares)				(972,488)	(40,139)
Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Treasury Shares Issued for RSU Vesting				$ (21,851)	$ (841)
Treasury Shares Repurchased for Merger and Acquisition or RSU Vesting
Number of Treasury Shares
Treasury Shares Repurchased (in shares)				914,908
Amount (in thousands of dollars)
Treasury Shares Repurchased				$ 17,603

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

On October 7, 2019, in connection with the new organization structure, the Company announced a plan to restructure its R&D activities with the closing of its R&D operations in Palo Alto.

On October 30, 2019, the Company announced the appointment of Megan Clarken as Chief Executive Officer ('CEO') replacing Jean-Baptiste Rudelle with an effective date on November 25, 2019. With this appointment, the Company is splitting the roles of CEO and Chairman. Jean-Baptiste Rudelle remains Chairman of the Board of directors. 

The Company evaluated all other subsequent events that occurred after September 30, 2019 through the date of issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and determined there are no other significant events that require adjustments.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic Earnings Per Share

We calculate basic earnings per share by dividing the net income for the period attributable to shareholders of the Parent by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
Net income attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$	17,143	$	18,778	$	50,678	$	48,721
Weighted average number of shares outstanding	67,075,453		64,868,545		66,531,371		64,600,869
Basic earnings per share	$	0.26	$	0.29	$	0.76	$	0.75

Diluted Earnings Per Share

We calculate diluted earnings per share by dividing the net income attributable to shareholders of the Parent by the weighted average number of shares outstanding plus any potentially dilutive shares not yet issued from share-based compensation plans (see Note 10). There were no other potentially dilutive instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and 2019. Consequently, all potential dilutive effects from shares are considered.

For each period presented, a contract to issue a certain number of shares (i.e. share option, non-employee warrant ("BSA"), restricted share unit ("RSU") or employee warrant ("BSPCE") is assessed as potentially dilutive if it is “in the money” (i.e., the exercise or settlement price is lower than the average market price).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
Net income attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$	17,143	$	18,778	$	50,678	$	48,721
Weighted average number of shares outstanding of Criteo S.A.	67,075,453		64,868,545		66,531,371		64,600,869
Dilutive effect of :
Restricted share awards ("RSUs")	1,093,830		907,412		893,341		987,586
Share options and BSPCE	417,873		261,324		402,581		290,756
Share warrants	38,517		29,764		37,509		37,008
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to determine diluted earnings per share	68,625,673		66,067,045		67,864,802		65,916,219
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.25	$	0.28	$	0.75	$	0.74

The weighted average number of securities that were anti-dilutive for diluted EPS for the periods presented but which could potentially dilute EPS in the future are as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019
Restricted share awards	893	2,218,465	1,517,761	1,335,496
Share options and BSPCE	114,065	62,880	38,022	43,725
Weighted average number of anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted earnings per share	114,958	2,281,345	1,555,783	1,379,221

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Trade Receivables (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedules of trade receivables net book value and Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts

The following table shows the breakdown in trade receivables net book value for the presented periods:

	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Trade accounts receivables	$	499,819		$	372,467
(Less) Allowance for doubtful accounts	(25,918		)	(15,768		)
Net book value at end of period	$	473,901		$	356,699

Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts are summarized below:

	2018			2019
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 1	$	(20,818	)	$	(25,918	)
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(13,609		)	(8,357		)
Reversal of provision	9,382			18,117
Currency translation adjustment	703			390
Balance at September 30	$	(24,342	)	$	(15,768	)

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of basic earnings per share

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
Net income attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$	17,143	$	18,778	$	50,678	$	48,721
Weighted average number of shares outstanding	67,075,453		64,868,545		66,531,371		64,600,869
Basic earnings per share	$	0.26	$	0.29	$	0.76	$	0.75

Schedule of diluted earnings per share

For each period presented, a contract to issue a certain number of shares (i.e. share option, non-employee warrant ("BSA"), restricted share unit ("RSU") or employee warrant ("BSPCE") is assessed as potentially dilutive if it is “in the money” (i.e., the exercise or settlement price is lower than the average market price).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019
Net income attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	$	17,143	$	18,778	$	50,678	$	48,721
Weighted average number of shares outstanding of Criteo S.A.	67,075,453		64,868,545		66,531,371		64,600,869
Dilutive effect of :
Restricted share awards ("RSUs")	1,093,830		907,412		893,341		987,586
Share options and BSPCE	417,873		261,324		402,581		290,756
Share warrants	38,517		29,764		37,509		37,008
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to determine diluted earnings per share	68,625,673		66,067,045		67,864,802		65,916,219
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.25	$	0.28	$	0.75	$	0.74

Schedule of weighted average number of anti-dilutive securities

The weighted average number of securities that were anti-dilutive for diluted EPS for the periods presented but which could potentially dilute EPS in the future are as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019
Restricted share awards	893	2,218,465	1,517,761	1,335,496
Share options and BSPCE	114,065	62,880	38,022	43,725
Weighted average number of anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted earnings per share	114,958	2,281,345	1,555,783	1,379,221

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Other Current Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of other current assets net book value

The following table shows the breakdown in other current assets net book value for the presented periods:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Prepayments to suppliers	$	4,056	$	4,825
Other debtors	4,762		3,749
Prepaid expenses	12,295		9,591
Derivative instruments	1,703		—
Gross book value at end of period	22,816		18,165
Net book value at end of period	$	22,816	$	18,165

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Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geographical area:

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the three months ended	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	211,247	$	195,230	$	122,392	$	528,869
September 30, 2019	$	213,937	$	185,556	$	123,113	$	522,606

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the nine months ended	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	636,723	$	618,921	$	374,574	$	1,630,218
September 30, 2019	$	645,904	$	589,558	$	373,414	$	1,608,876

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Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Revenue Recognition

We sell personalized display advertisements featuring product-level recommendations either directly to clients or to advertising agencies. Historically, the Criteo model has focused solely on converting our clients' website visitors into customers, enabling us to charge our clients only when users engage with an ad we deliver, usually by clicking on it. More recently, we have expanded our solutions to address a broader range of marketing goals for our clients.

We offer two families of solutions to our commerce and brand clients:

• Criteo Marketing Solutions allow commerce companies to address multiple marketing goals by engaging their consumers with personalized ads across the web, mobile and offline store environments.

• Criteo Retail Media solutions allow retailers to generate advertising revenues from consumer brands, and/or to drive sales for themselves, by monetizing their data and audiences through personalized ads, either on their own digital property or on the open Internet, that address multiple marketing goals.

In conjunction with broadening our solutions, we have also started expanding our pricing models to now include a combination of cost-per-install and cost-per-impression for selected new solutions, in addition to cost-per-click.

We recognize revenues when we transfer control of promised services directly to our clients or to advertising agencies, which we collectively refer to as our clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

For campaigns priced on a cost-per-click and cost-per-install basis, we bill our clients when a user clicks on an advertisement we deliver or installs an application by clicking on an advertisement we delivered, respectively. For these pricing models, we recognize revenue when a user clicks on an advertisement or installs an application.     

For campaigns priced on a cost-per-impression basis, we bill our clients based on the number of times an advertisement is displayed to a user. For this pricing model, we recognize revenue when an advertisement is displayed.

We act as principal in our arrangements because (i) we control the advertising inventory (spaces on websites) before it is transferred to our clients; (ii) we bear sole responsibility for fulfillment of the advertising promise and inventory risks and (iii) we have full discretion in establishing prices. Therefore, based on these factors, we report revenue earned and the related costs incurred on a gross basis.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following tables disclose our consolidated revenue for each geographical area for each of the reported periods. Revenue by geographical area is based on the location of advertisers’ campaigns.

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geographical area:

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the three months ended	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	211,247	$	195,230	$	122,392	$	528,869
September 30, 2019	$	213,937	$	185,556	$	123,113	$	522,606

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific		Total
For the nine months ended	(in thousands)
September 30, 2018	$	636,723	$	618,921	$	374,574	$	1,630,218
September 30, 2019	$	645,904	$	589,558	$	373,414	$	1,608,876

Excluding our historical solution for driving Conversion through Criteo Marketing Solutions (formerly called Criteo Dynamic Retargeting), no individual solution accounted for more than 10% of total consolidated revenue for the periods presented.

Customer Credit Notes

We offer credit notes to certain customers as a form of incentive, which are accounted for as variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and they are recognized as a reduction of revenue. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

Deferred Revenues

We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance. Our payment terms vary depending on the service or the type of customer. For certain customers, we require payment before the services are delivered.

Practical Expedients     

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and operating expenses.

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Other Current Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Assets

Other Current Assets

The following table shows the breakdown in other current assets net book value for the presented periods:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Prepayments to suppliers	$	4,056	$	4,825
Other debtors	4,762		3,749
Prepaid expenses	12,295		9,591
Derivative instruments	1,703		—
Gross book value at end of period	22,816		18,165
Net book value at end of period	$	22,816	$	18,165

Derivative financial instruments include foreign currency swaps or forward purchases or sales contracts used to manage our exposure to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. These instruments are considered level 2 financial instruments as they are measured using valuation techniques based on observable market data.

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Breakdown of Revenue and Non-Current Assets by Geographical Areas - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) market	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) market	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Number of geographical markets | market	3		3
Revenue	$ 522,606	$ 528,869	$ 1,608,876	$ 1,630,218
Sales Revenue, Net
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			2.70%	2.30%
France
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 33,500	$ 35,900	$ 106,200	$ 114,300

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Leases - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remainder of 2019	$ 14,556
2020	54,089
2021	44,696
2022	38,099
2023	22,620
Thereafter	27,476
Total minimum lease payments	201,536
Impact of Discount Rate	(16,329)
Total Lease Liability	185,207
Offices
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remainder of 2019	8,885
2020	34,806
2021	32,174
2022	29,468
2023	20,422
Thereafter	27,476
Total minimum lease payments	153,231
Impact of Discount Rate	(14,318)
Total Lease Liability	138,913
Data Centers
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remainder of 2019	5,671
2020	19,283
2021	12,522
2022	8,631
2023	2,198
Thereafter	0
Total minimum lease payments	48,305
Impact of Discount Rate	(2,011)
Total Lease Liability	$ 46,294

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Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Prepayments to suppliers	$ 4,825	$ 4,056
Other debtors	3,749	4,762
Prepaid expenses	9,591	12,295
Derivative instruments	0	1,703
Gross book value at end of period	18,165	22,816
Net book value at end of period	$ 18,165	$ 22,816

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Share capital	Treasury Stock	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Earnings	Equity - attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	Non controlling interest
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		66,085,097
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 897,698	$ 2,152		$ 591,404	$ (12,241)	$ 300,210	$ 881,525	$ 16,173
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	21,090					19,809	19,809	1,281
Other comprehensive income (loss)	25,884				24,947		24,947	937
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)		163,254
Issuance of ordinary shares	598	$ 1		597			598
Share-Based Compensation	18,396			18,284			18,284	112
Other changes in equity	5	$ 4		(4)	4	1	5
Ending Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		66,248,351
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	963,671	$ 2,157		610,281	12,710	320,020	945,168	18,503
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		66,085,097
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	897,698	$ 2,152		591,404	(12,241)	300,210	881,525	16,173
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	53,745
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(13,774)
Ending Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		67,231,036
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	998,916	$ 2,182		648,139	(25,788)	355,003	979,536	19,380
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		66,085,097
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 897,698	$ 2,152		591,404	(12,241)	300,210	881,525	16,173
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	67,708,203	67,708,203	(3,459,119)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 967,891	$ 2,201	$ (79,159)	663,281	(30,522)	387,869	943,670	24,221
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		66,248,351
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2018	963,671	$ 2,157		610,281	12,710	320,020	945,168	18,503
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	14,707					13,726	13,726	981
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(34,142)				(33,432)		(33,432)	(710)
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)		612,694
Issuance of ordinary shares	823	$ 3		820			823
Share-Based Compensation	19,818			19,676			19,676	142
Other changes in equity	(9)	$ 17		(5)		(21)	(9)
Ending Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		66,861,045
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2018	964,868	$ 2,177		630,772	(20,722)	333,725	945,952	18,916
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	17,948					17,143	17,143	805
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(5,516)				(5,066)		(5,066)	(450)
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)		369,991
Issuance of ordinary shares	423	$ 0		423			423
Share-Based Compensation	17,053			16,944			16,944	109
Other changes in equity	4,140	$ 5				4,135	4,140
Ending Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		67,231,036
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 998,916	$ 2,182		648,139	(25,788)	355,003	979,536	19,380
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	67,708,203	67,708,203	(3,459,119)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 967,891	$ 2,201	$ (79,159)	663,281	(30,522)	387,869	943,670	24,221
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	21,401					19,120	19,120	2,281
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(11,545)				(11,347)		(11,347)	(198)
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)		28,596
Issuance of ordinary shares	373	$ 1		372			373
Change in treasury stocks (in shares)		(1,594,288)	1,786,715
Change in treasury stocks		$ (45)	$ 40,080	(36,091)		(3,944)
Share-Based Compensation	13,522			13,533			13,533	(11)
Other changes in equity	154			(1)		155	154
Ending Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		66,142,511	(1,672,404)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 991,796	$ 2,157	$ (39,079)	641,094	(41,869)	403,200	965,503	26,293
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	67,708,203	67,708,203	(3,459,119)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 967,891	$ 2,201	$ (79,159)	663,281	(30,522)	387,869	943,670	24,221
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	54,495
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (27,423)
Ending Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019	66,173,983	66,173,983	(1,807,251)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 1,014,405	$ 2,157	$ (38,774)	663,439	(58,382)	414,594	983,034	31,371
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		66,142,511	(1,672,404)
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2019	991,796	$ 2,157	$ (39,079)	641,094	(41,869)	403,200	965,503	26,293
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	12,537					10,823	10,823	1,714
Other comprehensive income (loss)	9,013				8,246		8,246	767
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)		19,012
Issuance of ordinary shares	252			252			252
Change in treasury stocks (in shares)			553,435
Change in treasury stocks			$ 12,515			(12,515)
Share-Based Compensation	11,362			11,254			11,254	108
Other changes in equity	3			(28)	330	(299)	3
Ending Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		66,161,523	(1,118,969)
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	1,024,963	$ 2,157	$ (26,564)	652,572	(33,293)	401,209	996,081	28,882
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	20,557					18,778	18,778	1,779
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(24,891)				(24,793)		(24,793)	(98)
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares)		12,460
Issuance of ordinary shares	132			132			132
Change in treasury stocks (in shares)			(688,282)
Change in treasury stocks	(17,899)		$ (12,210)	0		(5,393)	(17,899)
Share-Based Compensation	10,816			10,735			10,735	81
Effect of change in Consolidation scope	$ 727							727
Ending Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019	66,173,983	66,173,983	(1,807,251)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 1,014,405	$ 2,157	$ (38,774)	$ 663,439	$ (58,382)	$ 414,594	$ 983,034	$ 31,371

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Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 522,606	$ 528,869	$ 1,608,876	$ 1,630,218
Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	213,937	211,247	645,904	636,723
EMEA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	185,556	195,230	589,558	618,921
Asia-Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 123,113	$ 122,392	$ 373,414	$ 374,574

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 409,178	$ 364,426
Trade receivables, net of allowances of $25.9 million and $15.8 million at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively	356,699	473,901
Income taxes	22,412	19,370
Other taxes	52,810	53,338
Other current assets	18,165	22,816
Total current assets	859,264	933,851
Property, plant and equipment, net	197,522	184,013
Intangible assets, net	95,701	112,036
Goodwill	314,872	312,881
Right of use assets - operating lease	169,921	0
Non-current financial assets	21,251	20,460
Deferred tax assets	43,357	33,894
Total non-current assets	842,624	663,284
Total assets	1,701,888	1,597,135
Current liabilities:
Trade payables	322,284	425,376
Contingencies	4,183	2,640
Income taxes	2,751	7,725
Financial liabilities - current portion	2,827	1,018
Operating lease liabilities - current portion	49,367	0
Other taxes	48,313	55,592
Employee - related payables	59,824	65,878
Other current liabilities	38,868	47,115
Total current liabilities	528,417	605,344
Deferred tax liabilities	8,208	10,770
Retirement benefit obligation	8,740	5,537
Financial liabilities - non current portion	937	2,490
Operating lease liabilities - non current portion	135,841	0
Other non-current liabilities	5,340	5,103
Total non-current liabilities	159,066	23,900
Total liabilities	687,483	629,244
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Common shares, €0.025 par value, 67,708,203 and 66,173,983 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively.	2,157	2,201
Treasury stock, 3,459,119 and 1,807,251 shares at cost as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively.	(38,774)	(79,159)
Additional paid-in capital	663,439	663,281
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)	(58,382)	(30,522)
Retained earnings	414,594	387,869
Equity-attributable to shareholders of Criteo S.A.	983,034	943,670
Non-controlling interests	31,371	24,221
Total equity	1,014,405	967,891
Total equity and liabilities	$ 1,701,888	$ 1,597,135