XML 104 R15.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v2.4.1.9
Derivatives
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]    
Derivatives
Derivatives
The following tables identify the listing currency, fair value and notional amounts of derivative instruments included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, categorized by primary underlying risk. Balances are presented on a gross basis.
 
As of September 30, 2014
 
 Listing currency (1)
 
 Fair Value
 
 Notional Amounts (2)
Derivative Assets by Primary Underlying Risk
 ($ in thousands)
Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
USD
 
$
9,110

 
$
106,908

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
USD
 
158

 
2,318

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
GBP/USD
 
5,145

 
40,331

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
NOK
 
3

 
2,580

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
MXN/USD
 
11,888

 
179,657

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
USD
 
290

 
3,950

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Swaps
EUR
 
250

 
194,906

Interest Rate Swaptions
USD
 
624

 
511,971

Treasury Futures - Short Contracts
USD
 
170

 
9,929

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
AUD/CAD/EUR/GBP/JPY/TRY
 
5,501

 
319,597

Foreign Currency Options - Purchased
JPY/KRW/SAR
 
4,121

 
192,944

Total Derivative Assets
 
 
$
37,260

 
$
1,565,091

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Listing currency (1)
 
 Fair Value
 
 Notional Amounts (2)
Derivative Liabilities by Primary Underlying Risk
 ($ in thousands)
Commodity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Future Options - Short
USD
 
$
80

 
$
120,080

Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
EUR/USD
 
2,240

 
64,465

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
USD
 
1,503

 
5,437

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
EUR/GBP
 
5,418

 
57,363

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
USD
 

 
365

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
USD
 
129

 
1,532

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Bond Futures - Short Contracts
JPY
 
41

 
41,211

Interest Rate Swaps
EUR
 
621

 
194,035

Interest Rate Swaptions
USD
 
142

 
354,139

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Options - Sold
JPY/KRW
 
1,939

 
100,950

Catastrophe Risk Derivatives
USD
 
233

 
6,000

Total Derivative Liabilities (free standing)
 
 
$
12,346

 
$
945,577

 
 
 
 
 
 
Embedded derivative liabilities in reinsurance contracts (3)
USD
 
$
3,173

 
$
15,000

Embedded derivative liabilities in deposit contracts (4)
USD
 
4,740

 
75,000

Total Derivative Liabilities (embedded)
 
 
$
7,913

 
$
90,000

(1) AUD = Australian Dollar, CAD = Canadian Dollar,  EUR = Euro,  GBP = British Pound,  HKD = Hong Kong Dollar, JPY = Japanese Yen, KRW = South Korean Won, MXN = Mexican Peso, NOK = Norwegian Krone, SAR = Saudi Arabian Riyal, TRY = Turkish Lira, USD = US Dollar
(2) The absolute notional exposure represents the Company's derivative activity as of September 30, 2014, which is representative of the volume of derivatives held during the period.
(3) The fair value of embedded derivatives in reinsurance contracts is included in reinsurance balances payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(4) The fair value of embedded derivatives in deposit contracts is included in deposit liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

 
As of December 31, 2013
 
 Listing currency (1)
 
 Fair Value
 
 Notional Amounts (2)
Derivative Assets by Primary Underlying Risk
 ($ in thousands)
Commodity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Future Options - Purchased
USD
 
$
256

 
$
12,325

Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
USD
 
15,397

 
109,520

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
USD
 
1,157

 
9,557

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
CHF/EUR/GBP/USD
 
10,549

 
62,847

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
NOK
 
67

 
2,758

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
BRL/JPY/USD
 
2,950

 
68,044

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
USD
 
3

 
290

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Bond Futures - Short Contracts
JPY
 
212

 
40,847

Interest Rate Swaps
EUR
 
182

 
212,594

Interest Rate Swaptions
EUR/JPY/USD
 
1,269

 
54,884

Treasury Futures - Short Contracts
USD
 
108

 
6,544

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
AUD/CAD/JPY/TRY
 
1,332

 
59,925

Foreign Currency Options - Purchased
USD
 
5,563

 
240,062

Total Derivative Assets
 
 
$
39,045

 
$
880,197

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Listing currency (1)
 
 Fair Value
 
 Notional Amounts (2)
Derivative Liabilities by Primary Underlying Risk
 ($ in thousands)
Commodity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Future Options - Sold
 USD
 
$
148

 
$
35,484

Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
 EUR/USD
 
2,634

 
59,446

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
 USD
 
348

 
875

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
 EUR
 
66

 
14,607

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
 DKK
 
425

 
7,253

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
 BRL/JPY/USD
 
1,385

 
24,807

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
 USD
 
140

 
5,037

Index
 
 
 
 
 
Index Futures - Short Contracts
USD
 
441

 
8,888

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Swaps
EUR/USD
 
821

 
465,560

Interest Rate Swaptions
USD/JPY
 
174

 
99,587

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
EUR/GBP
 
709

 
189,030

Foreign Currency Options - Sold
USD
 
1,528

 
178,476

Total Derivative Liabilities
 
 
$
8,819

 
$
1,089,050

 
 
 
 
 
 
Embedded derivative liabilities in deposit contracts (3)
USD
 
$
4,430

 
$
75,000

Total Derivative Liabilities (embedded)
 
 
$
4,430

 
$
75,000

(1) AUD = Australian dollar, BRL = Brazilian real, CAD = Canadian dollar, CHF = Swiss franc, DKK = Danish krone EUR = Euro, GBP = British pound, JPY = Japanese yen, NOK = Norwegian krone, TRY=Turkish lira, USD = US dollar
(2) The absolute notional exposure represents the Company's derivative activity as of December 31, 2013, which is representative of the volume of derivatives held during the period.
(3) The fair value of embedded derivatives in deposit contracts is included in deposit liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(4) The fair value of embedded derivatives in deposit contracts is included in deposit liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The following tables set forth, by major risk type, the Company’s realized and unrealized gains (losses) relating to derivatives for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. Realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to free standing derivatives are included in net investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to embedded derivatives are included in other expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).
 
For the three months ended
 
September 30, 2014
 
September 30, 2013
Free standing Derivatives - Primary Underlying Risk
Realized Gain (Loss)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)*
 
Realized Gain (Loss)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)*
Commodity Price
($ in thousands)
Commodities Futures - Short Contracts
$
(6
)
 
$
(80
)
 
$
(273
)
 
$

Commodity Future Options - Purchased

 

 
(25
)
 
(44
)
Credit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
(1,479
)
 
2,843

 
346

 
(1,751
)
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
1,081

 
(1,181
)
 
(1,337
)
 
3,774

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
(1,397
)
 
(5,837
)
 
(1,984
)
 
5,229

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
(1,396
)
 
310

 
11

 
(183
)
Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
2,488

 
9,990

 
1,712

 
3,665

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
(1,112
)
 
795

 
(836
)
 
(664
)
Index
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Index Futures - Long Contracts
(840
)
 

 

 

Index Futures - Short Contracts
79

 
369

 

 

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bond Futures - Short Contracts
(273
)
 
101

 
(320
)
 
(382
)
Interest Rate Swaps
107

 
(82
)
 
723

 
(896
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
(42
)
 
(272
)
 
(75
)
 
218

Treasury Futures - Short Contracts
(399
)
 
191

 
73

 
(195
)
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
5,037

 
7,417

 
1,223

 
(5,750
)
Foreign Currency Options - Purchased
256

 
1,539

 
(1,794
)
 
(1,493
)
Foreign Currency Options - Sold
(78
)
 
(463
)
 
352

 
(636
)
Reinsurance contract derivatives

 
780

 

 
2,062

 
$
2,026

 
$
16,420

 
$
(2,204
)
 
$
2,954

Embedded Derivatives


 


 


 


Embedded derivatives in reinsurance contracts
$

 
$
(21
)
 
$

 
$

Embedded derivatives in deposit contracts

 
(90
)
 

 
(100
)

$

 
$
(111
)
 
$

 
$
(100
)







For the nine months ended

September 30, 2014
 
September 30, 2013
Free standing Derivatives - Primary Underlying Risk
Realized Gain (Loss)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)*
 
Realized Gain (Loss)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)*
Commodity Price
($ in thousands)
Commodities Futures - Long Contracts
$

 
$

 
$
(2,455
)
 
$

Commodities Futures - Short Contracts
(6
)
 
(80
)
 
290

 
(212
)
Commodity Future Options - Purchased
(271
)
 
(5
)
 
(166
)
 
(45
)
Commodity Future Options - Sold
316

 
(168
)
 


 


Credit


 


 


 


Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
(3,793
)
 
(678
)
 
(8,469
)
 
3,579

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
1,266

 
(977
)
 
6,814

 
(4,017
)
Equity Price


 


 


 


Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
3,639

 
(12,972
)
 
6,706

 
987

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
(3,734
)
 
361

 
1,000

 
254

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
12,279

 
10,323

 
2,717

 
2,732

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
(588
)
 
298

 
418

 
(500
)
Index


 


 


 


Index Futures - Long Contracts
(840
)
 

 

 

Index Futures - Short Contracts
(253
)
 
441

 
19

 

Interest Rates


 


 


 


Bond Futures - Short Contracts
(817
)
 
(253
)
 
242

 
(630
)
Interest Rate Swaps
(350
)
 
267

 
1,352

 
(409
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
487

 
(1,848
)
 
(244
)
 
251

Treasury Futures - Short Contracts
(1,040
)
 
62

 
508

 
(625
)



 


 


 


Foreign Currency Exchange Rates


 


 


 


Foreign Currency Forward
5,256

 
4,877

 
7,533

 
(3,756
)
Foreign Currency Options - Purchased
(1,484
)
 
(613
)
 
6,823

 
(1,031
)
Foreign Currency Options - Sold
608

 
(78
)
 
(2,844
)
 
(848
)
Reinsurance contract derivatives

 
780

 

 
3,167


$
10,675

 
$
(263
)
 
$
20,244

 
$
(1,103
)
Embedded Derivatives


 


 


 


Embedded derivatives in reinsurance contracts
$

 
$
(127
)
 
$

 
$

Embedded derivatives in deposit contracts

 
(310
)
 

 
(310
)
Total Derivative Liabilities (embedded)
$

 
$
(437
)
 
$

 
$
(310
)
* Unrealized gain (loss) relates to derivatives still held at reporting date.
The Company’s ISDA agreements with its counterparties provide for various termination events including decline in the NAV of the Company’s investments over a certain period, key-man provisions, document delivery schedules, and Employment Retirement Income Security Act and bankruptcy provisions. Upon the triggering of a termination event, a counterparty may avail itself of various remedies including, but not limited to, waiver of the termination event, request for additional collateral, renegotiation of the ISDA agreement, or immediate settlement of positions.
The Company obtains/provides collateral from/to various counterparties for OTC derivative contracts in accordance with bilateral collateral agreements. As of September 30, 2014, the Company posted collateral in the form of cash of $60.4 million (December 31, 2013 - $35.4 million) to certain counterparties to cover collateral requirements for open OTC derivatives.
The Company does not offset its derivative instruments and presents all amounts in the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis. The Company has pledged cash collateral to counterparties to support the current value of amounts due to the counterparties based on the value of the underlying security. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the gross and net amounts of derivative instruments that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements were as follows:
 
 
Gross Amounts not offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet
September 30, 2014 Counterparty
 
Gross Amounts of Assets Presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received
 
Net Amount
 
 
($ in thousands)
Counterparty 1
 
$
493

 
$
493

 
$

 
$

Counterparty 2
 
1,262

 
1,262

 

 

Counterparty 3
 
16,935

 
3,135

 

 
13,800

Counterparty 4
 
857

 
857

 

 

Counterparty 5
 
4,078

 
630

 

 
3,448

Counterparty 6
 
9,820

 
1,014

 
4,039

 
4,767

Counterparty 7
 
408

 
151

 

 
257

Counterparty 8
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 9
 
3,407

 
384

 

 
3,023

Total
 
$
37,260

 
$
7,926

 
$
4,039

 
$
25,295

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts not offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet
September 30, 2014 Counterparty
 
Gross Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
 
Net Amount
 
 
($ in thousands)
Counterparty 1
 
$
1,149

 
$
493

 
$
656

 
$

Counterparty 2
 
3,788

 
1,262

 
2,526

 

Counterparty 3
 
3,135

 
3,135

 

 

Counterparty 4
 
1,132

 
857

 
275

 

Counterparty 5
 
630

 
630

 

 

Counterparty 6
 
1,014

 
1,014

 

 

Counterparty 7
 
151

 
151

 

 

Counterparty 8
 
730

 

 
730

 

Counterparty 9
 
384

 
384

 

 

Total
 
$
12,113

 
$
7,926

 
$
4,187

 
$


 
 
Gross Amounts not offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet
December 31, 2013
Counterparty
 
Gross Amounts of Assets Presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received
 
Net Amount
 
 
($ in thousands)
Counterparty 1
 
$
1,128

 
$
1,041

 
$

 
$
87

Counterparty 2
 
4,998

 
400

 
1,629

 
2,969

Counterparty 3
 
16,066

 
3,509

 

 
12,557

Counterparty 4
 
1,351

 
1,351

 

 

Counterparty 5
 
3,198

 
1,054

 

 
2,144

Counterparty 6
 
12,234

 
492

 
10,465

 
1,277

Counterparty 7
 
2

 
2

 

 

Counterparty 8
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 9
 
68

 
68

 

 

Total
 
$
39,045

 
$
7,917

 
$
12,094

 
$
19,034

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts not offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet
December 31, 2013
Counterparty
 
Gross Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
 
Net Amount
 
 
($ in thousands)
Counterparty 1
 
$
1,041

 
$
1,041

 
$

 
$

Counterparty 2
 
400

 
400

 

 

Counterparty 3
 
3,509

 
3,509

 

 

Counterparty 4
 
1,360

 
1,351

 
9

 

Counterparty 5
 
1,054

 
1,054

 

 

Counterparty 6
 
492

 
492

 

 

Counterparty 7
 
59

 
2

 
57

 

Counterparty 8
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 9
 
904

 
68

 
836

 

Total
 
$
8,819

 
$
7,917

 
$
902

 
$

Derivatives
The following tables identify the listing currency, fair value and notional amounts of derivative instruments included in the consolidated balance sheets, categorized by primary underlying risk. Balances are presented on a gross basis.
 
As of December 31, 2013
 
 Listing currency (1)
 
 Fair Value
 
 Notional Amounts (2)
Derivative Assets by Primary Underlying Risk
 ($ in thousands)
Commodity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Future Options - Purchased
USD
 
$
256

 
$
12,325

Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
USD
 
15,397

 
109,520

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
USD
 
1,157

 
9,557

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
CHF/EUR/GBP/USD
 
10,549

 
62,847

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
NOK
 
67

 
2,758

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
BRL/JPY/USD
 
2,950

 
68,044

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
USD
 
3

 
290

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Bond Futures - Short Contracts
JPY
 
212

 
40,847

Interest Rate Swaps
EUR
 
182

 
212,594

Interest Rate Swaptions
EUR/JPY/USD
 
1,269

 
54,884

Treasury Futures - Short Contracts
USD
 
108

 
6,544

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
AUD/CAD/JPY/TRY
 
1,332

 
59,925

Foreign Currency Options - Purchased
USD
 
5,563

 
240,062

Total Derivative Assets
 
 
$
39,045

 
$
880,197

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Listing currency (1)
 
 Fair Value
 
 Notional Amounts (2)
Derivative Liabilities by Primary Underlying Risk
 ($ in thousands)
Commodity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Future Options - Sold
 USD
 
$
148

 
$
35,484

Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
 EUR/USD
 
2,634

 
59,446

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
 USD
 
348

 
875

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
 EUR
 
66

 
14,607

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
 DKK
 
425

 
7,253

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
 BRL/JPY/USD
 
1,385

 
24,807

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
 USD
 
140

 
5,037

Index
 
 
 
 
 
Index Futures - Short Contracts
 USD
 
441

 
8,888

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Bond Futures - Short Contracts
 
 
 
 

Interest Rate Swaps
 EUR/USD
 
821

 
465,560

Interest Rate Swaptions
 USD/JPY
 
174

 
99,587

Treasury Futures - Short Contracts
 USD
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
EUR/GBP
 
709

 
189,030

Foreign Currency Options - Sold
USD
 
1,528

 
178,476

Total Derivative Liabilities
 
 
$
8,819

 
$
1,089,050

(1) USD = US dollar, JPY = Japanese yen, EUR = Euro, GBP = British pound, BRL = Brazilian real, NOK = Norwegian krone, AUD = Australian dollar, DKK = Danish krone, CAD = Canadian dollar, CHF = Swiss franc, TRY = Turkish lira
(2) The absolute notional exposure represents the Company's derivative activity as of December 31, 2013, which is representative of the volume of derivatives held during the period.
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
 Listing currency (1)
 
 Fair Value
 
 Notional Amounts (2)
Derivative Assets by Primary Underlying Risk
 ($ in thousands)
Commodity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Future - Short Contracts
USD
 
$
212

 
$
5,363

Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
JPY/USD
 
14,176

 
69,059

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
EUR/GBP/USD
 
4,913

 
40,454

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
BRL/USD
 
246

 
13,710

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
HKD
 
(65
)
 
179

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Bond Futures - Short Contracts
JPY
 
248

 
43,108

Interest Rate Swaps
EUR
 
156

 
6,569

Interest Rate Swaptions
EUR/JPY/USD
 
584

 
584

Treasury Futures - Short Contracts
USD
 
564

 
64,819

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
CAD/JPY/USD
 
2,090

 
57,549

Foreign Currency Options - Purchased
EUR/USD
 
2,504

 
2,504

Total Derivative Assets
 
 
$
25,628

 
$
303,898

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Listing currency (1)
 
 Fair Value
 
 Notional Amounts (2)
Derivative Liabilities by Primary Underlying Risk
 ($ in thousands)
Commodity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Future Options - Purchased
 USD
 
$
10

 
$
17

Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
 EUR/JPY/USD
 
10,458

 
37,567

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
USD
 
212

 
438

Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
 EUR/GBP/USD
 
710

 
9,016

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
EUR
 
29

 
1,513

Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
 BRL/JPY/USD
 
467

 
24,499

Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
 HKD/USD
 
38

 
1,014

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Swaps
JPY/USD
 
539

 
478,730

Interest Rate Swaptions
USD
 

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
 EUR/GBP/USD
 
211

 
41,334

Foreign Currency Options - Sold
USD
 
318

 
318

Total Derivative Liabilities
 
 
$
12,992

 
$
594,446

(1) USD = US dollar, JPY = Japanese yen, EUR = Euro, GBP = British pound, BRL = Brazilian real, HKD = Hong Kong dollar, NOK = Norwegian krone, AUD = Australian dollar, DKK = Danish krone, CAD = Canadian dollar, CHF = Swiss Franc
(2) The absolute notional exposure represents the Company's derivative activity as of December 31, 2012, which is representative of the volume of derivatives held during the period.







The following table sets forth, by major risk type, the Company’s realized and unrealized gains (losses) relating to derivative trading activities for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 . These realized and unrealized gains (losses) are included in net investment income in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
 
December 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Primary Underlying Risk
Realized Gain (Loss)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)*
 
Realized Gain (Loss)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)*
Commodity Price
($ in thousands)
Commodities Futures - Long Contracts
$

 
$

 
$
1,710

 
$

Commodities Futures - Short Contracts
437

 
(212
)
 
127

 
212

Commodity Future Options - Purchased
264

 
15

 
(17
)
 
(10
)
Commodity Future Options - Sold
(81
)
 
168

 

 

Credit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps - Protection Purchased
4,243

 
(10,943
)
 
1,239

 
265

Credit Default Swaps - Protection Sold
(4,845
)
 
10,690

 

 
(212
)
Equity Price
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contracts for Differences - Long Contracts
8,900

 
6,172

 
288

 
4,203

Contracts for Differences - Short Contracts
1,219

 
(341
)
 
931

 
(29
)
Total Return Swaps - Long Contracts
1,026

 
1,786

 
(4,666
)
 
(221
)
Total Return Swaps - Short Contracts
(557
)
 
76

 
2,569

 
(103
)
Index
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Index Futures - Long Contracts
(2,413
)
 

 

 

Index Futures - Short Contracts
1,169

 
(441
)
 
(314
)
 

Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bond Futures - Short Contracts
(289
)
 
(36
)
 

 
248

Interest Rate Swaps
949

 
(255
)
 
312

 
(383
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
(170
)
 
913

 
665

 
5

Sovereign Debt Futures - Short Contracts

 

 
(970
)
 

Treasury Futures - Long Contracts
(119
)
 

 

 

Treasury Futures - Short Contracts
830

 
(456
)
 
(1,233
)
 
564

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Forward
5,385

 
(1,255
)
 
(1,270
)
 
1,879

Foreign Currency Options

 

 
38

 

Foreign Currency Options - Purchased
5,920

 
1,069

 
(145
)
 
198

Foreign Currency Options - Sold
(3,787
)
 
(109
)
 

 
(87
)
Catastrophe Risk Derivatives
1,250

 
3,085

 

 

 
$
19,331

 
$
9,926

 
$
(736
)
 
$
6,529

*Unrealized gain (loss) relates to derivatives still held at reporting date.
The Company’s ISDA agreements with its counterparties provide for various termination events including decline in NAV of the Company’s investments over a certain period, key-man provisions, document delivery schedules, and Employment Retirement Income Security Act and bankruptcy provisions. Upon the triggering of a termination event, a counterparty may avail itself of various remedies including, but not limited to, waiver of the termination event, request for additional collateral, renegotiation of the ISDA agreement, or immediate settlement of positions.
The Company obtains/provides collateral from/to various counterparties for OTC derivative contracts in accordance with bilateral collateral agreements. As of December 31, 2013, the Company posted collateral in the form of cash of $35.4 million (December 31, 2012 - $28.0 million) to certain counterparties to cover collateral requirements for open OTC derivatives.

The Company does not offset its derivative instruments and presents all amounts in the consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis. The Company has pledged cash collateral to counterparties to support the current value of amounts due to the counterparties based on the value of the underlying security. As of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the gross and net amounts of derivative instruments that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements were as follows:
 
 
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
December 31, 2013 Counterparty
 
Gross Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received
 
Net Amount
 
 
($ in thousands)
Counterparty 1
 
$
1,128

 
$
1,041

 
$

 
$
87

Counterparty 2
 
4,998

 
400

 
1,629

 
2,969

Counterparty 3
 
16,066

 
3,509

 

 
12,557

Counterparty 4
 
1,351

 
1,351

 

 

Counterparty 5
 
3,198

 
1,054

 

 
2,144

Counterparty 6
 
12,234

 
492

 
10,465

 
1,277

Counterparty 7
 
2

 
2

 

 

Counterparty 8
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 9
 
68

 
68

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
39,045

 
$
7,917

 
$
12,094

 
$
19,034

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
December 31, 2013 Counterparty
 
Gross Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
 
Net Amount
 
 
($ in thousands)
Counterparty 1
 
$
1,041

 
$
1,041

 
$

 
$

Counterparty 2
 
400

 
400

 

 

Counterparty 3
 
3,509

 
3,509

 

 

Counterparty 4
 
1,360

 
1,351

 
9

 

Counterparty 5
 
1,054

 
1,054

 

 

Counterparty 6
 
492

 
492

 

 

Counterparty 7
 
59

 
2

 
57

 

Counterparty 8
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 9
 
904

 
68

 
836

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
8,819

 
$
7,917

 
$
902

 
$

 
 
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
December 31, 2012
Counterparty
 
Gross Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received
 
Net Amount
 
 
($ in thousands)
Counterparty 1
 
$
1,381

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,381

Counterparty 2
 
4,987

 
1,761

 

 
3,226

Counterparty 3
 
6,390

 
4,850

 

 
1,540

Counterparty 4
 
124

 
124

 

 

Counterparty 5
 
526

 
526

 

 

Counterparty 6
 
11,607

 
1,080

 

 
10,527

Counterparty 7
 
231

 
231

 

 

Counterparty 8
 
232

 
16

 

 
216

Counterparty 9
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 10
 
142

 

 

 
142

Counterparty 11
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 12
 
8

 

 

 
8

Total
 
$
25,628

 
$
8,588

 
$

 
$
17,040

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
December 31, 2012
Counterparty
 
Gross Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
 
Net Amount
 
 
($ in thousands)
Counterparty 1
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Counterparty 2
 
1,761

 
1,761

 

 

Counterparty 3
 
4,850

 
4,850

 

 

Counterparty 4
 
1,812

 
124

 
1,688

 

Counterparty 5
 
2,456

 
526

 
1,930

 

Counterparty 6
 
1,080

 
1,080

 

 

Counterparty 7
 
1,017

 
231

 
786

 

Counterparty 8
 
16

 
16

 

 

Counterparty 9
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 10
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 11
 

 

 

 

Counterparty 12
 

 

 

 

Total
 
$
12,992

 
$
8,588

 
$
4,404

 
$