Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Loss before income tax expense (benefit) was comprised of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
United States	$	(225,653	)	$	(85,342	)	$	(167,908	)
Foreign	14,118			(8,341		)	81,369
Loss before income tax expense (benefit)	$	(211,535	)	$	(93,683	)	$	(86,539	)

Income taxes have been provided for based upon the tax laws and rates in the countries in which operations are conducted and income is earned. Components of income tax expense (benefit) consist of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2017
Current
U.S. federal	$	—	$	—		$	—
U.S. state and local	209		7			(15		)
Foreign	21,975		11,677			10,516
Total current	22,184		11,684			10,501
Deferred
U.S. federal	444		—			56,621
U.S. state and local	—		—			2,420
Foreign	1,166		(14,634		)	3,376
Total deferred	1,610		(14,634		)	62,417
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	23,794	$	(2,950	)	$	72,918

Schedule of Foreign Taxes Incurred

Foreign taxes were incurred in the following regions for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2017
Latin America	$	8,636	$	1,261		$	5,469
West Africa	4,688		2,692			3,243
Middle East	5,579		2,249			1,633
Europe	1,096		461			1,348
Asia Pacific	1,525		922			1,388
Other	1,617		(10,542		)	812
Total foreign income tax expense (benefit)	$	23,141	$	(2,957	)	$	13,893

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the differences between the income tax provision computed at the 21% U.S. statutory rate in effect at December 31, 2019 and the reported provision for income taxes for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Income tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate	$	(44,422	)	$	(19,673	)	$	(30,289	)
Branch profits tax	(12,129		)	(4,267		)	(4,871		)
State taxes, net of federal benefit	154			(27		)	2,405
Restricted stock units tax shortfall	405			1,025			1,651
Taxes on foreign earnings at less than the U.S. statutory rate	14,427			13,095			(22,464		)
Effect of tax rate change	—			(2,929		)	23,843
Effect of moving activity to higher tax rate jurisdiction	—			(14,620		)	—
Management fee charged to international operations	3,455			1,515			1,213
Tax effect of TRA derecognition	—			—			46,874
Establishment of valuation allowances	37,802			22,892			51,911
Goodwill impairment	25,677			—			—
Return-to-provision adjustments	(524		)	(521		)	3,551
Foreign tax credit	(5,707		)	—			—
Other	4,656			560			(906		)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	23,794		$	(2,950	)	$	72,918

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2019			2018
Deferred tax assets
Foreign net operating loss	$	17,121		$	13,290
U.S. net operating loss	104,105			76,349
Research and development credit	1,016			609
Foreign tax credit carryover	422			—
Intangibles	9,365			5,933
Inventory	2,280			2,350
Property and equipment	16,161			14,621
Investment in partnership	24,372			23,931
Other	1,442			773
Valuation allowance	(130,010		)	(84,972		)
Total deferred tax assets	46,274			52,884
Deferred tax liabilities
Investment in partnership	(23,728		)	(27,352		)
Property and equipment	(1,253		)	(3,652		)
Goodwill	(7,297		)	(7,259		)
Other	(329		)	(221		)
Total deferred liabilities	(32,607		)	(38,484		)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	13,667		$	14,400

Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards

The ultimate utilization of the NOLs and research and development credits depend on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdiction. These tax attributes expire as follows (in thousands):

Year of Expiration	U.S. NOLs		Foreign NOLs		R&D Credits
2020 - 2024	$	—	$	11,598	$	—
2025 - 2029	—		8,084		—
2030 - 2038	196,550		—		1,016
Does not expire	174,623		52,746		—
	$	371,173	$	72,428	$	1,016

Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards

The ultimate utilization of the NOLs and research and development credits depend on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdiction. These tax attributes expire as follows (in thousands):

Year of Expiration	U.S. NOLs		Foreign NOLs		R&D Credits
2020 - 2024	$	—	$	11,598	$	—
2025 - 2029	—		8,084		—
2030 - 2038	196,550		—		1,016
Does not expire	174,623		52,746		—
	$	371,173	$	72,428	$	1,016