10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number 001-38388

 

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	32-0402956
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
15935 La Cantera Parkway, San Antonio, Texas	78256
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(216) 898-2400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value	VCTR	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
			Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share as of October 31, 2023 was 65,989,429.

Auditor’s PCAOB ID Number: 42 Auditor Name: Ernst & Young LLP Auditor Location: Cleveland, Ohio

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Information	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	44
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	45
Item 5.	Other Information	45
Item 6.	Exhibits	45
	Signatures	46

This report includes forward-looking statements, including in the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” These forward‑looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding our industry, business strategy, plans, goals and expectations concerning our market position, future operations, margins, profitability, future efficiencies, capital expenditures, liquidity and capital resources and other financial and operating information. When used in this discussion, the words “may,” “believes,” “intends,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “estimates,” “expects,” “should,” “assumes,” “continues,” “could,” “will,” “future” and the negative of these or similar terms and phrases are intended to identify forward‑looking statements in this report.

Forward‑looking statements reflect our current expectations regarding future events, results or outcomes. These expectations may or may not be realized. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward‑looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to have been correct. Some of these expectations may be based upon assumptions, data or judgments that prove to be incorrect. Actual events, results and outcomes may differ materially from our expectations due to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Although it is not possible to identify all of these risks and factors, they include, among others, the following; reductions in assets under management (“AUM”) based on investment performance, client withdrawals, difficult market conditions and other factors such as the conflicts in Ukraine and Israel or a pandemic; the nature of our contracts and investment advisory agreements; our ability to maintain historical returns and sustain our historical growth; our dependence on third parties to market our strategies and provide products or services for the operation of our business; our ability to retain key investment professionals or members of our senior management team; our reliance on the technology systems supporting our operations; our ability to successfully acquire and integrate new companies; the concentration of our investments in long only small‑ and mid‑cap equity and U.S. clients; risks and uncertainties associated with non‑U.S. investments; our efforts to establish and develop new teams and strategies; the ability of our investment teams to identify appropriate investment opportunities; our ability to limit employee misconduct; our ability to meet the guidelines set by our clients; our exposure to potential litigation (including administrative or tax proceedings) or regulatory actions; our ability to implement effective information and cyber security policies, procedures and capabilities; our substantial indebtedness; the potential impairment of our goodwill and intangible assets; disruption to the operations of third parties whose functions are integral to our exchange traded fund (“ETF”) platform; our determination that we are not required to register as an “investment company” under the 1940 Act; the fluctuation of our expenses; our ability to respond to recent trends in the investment management industry; the level of regulation on investment management firms and our ability to respond to regulatory developments; the competitiveness of the investment management industry; the level of control over us retained by Crestview Partners II GP, L.P.; our status as an emerging growth company ("EGC"); and other risks and factors included, but not limited to, those listed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 6, 2023, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

In light of these risks, uncertainties and other factors, the forward‑looking statements contained in this report might not prove to be accurate. All forward‑looking statements speak only as of the date made and we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward‑looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

2

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except shares data)

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	107,987		$	38,171
Receivables		95,174			84,473
Prepaid expenses		6,458			8,443
Investments, at fair value		29,858			27,266
Property and equipment, net		21,203			21,146
Goodwill		981,805			981,805
Other intangible assets, net		1,287,542			1,314,637
Other assets		61,778			64,958
Total assets	$	2,591,805		$	2,540,899
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	59,552		$	50,862
Accrued compensation and benefits		52,167			58,458
Consideration payable for acquisition of business		249,636			230,400
Deferred tax liability, net		124,995			108,138
Other liabilities		40,996			42,117
Long-term debt, net		988,323			985,514
Total liabilities		1,515,669			1,475,489
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share: 2023 - 600,000,000 shares authorized, 82,224,284 shares issued and 65,911,628 shares outstanding; 2022 - 600,000,000 shares authorized, 80,528,137 shares issued and 67,325,534 shares outstanding		822			805
Additional paid-in capital		723,252			705,466
Treasury stock, at cost: 2023 - 16,312,656 shares; 2022 - 13,202,603 shares		(384,462	)		(285,425	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		34,220			35,442
Retained earnings		702,304			609,122
Total stockholders' equity		1,076,136			1,065,410
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	2,591,805		$	2,540,899

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue
Investment management fees	$	163,953		$	160,770		$	480,199		$	508,364
Fund administration and distribution fees		45,735			46,490			135,035			144,921
Total revenue		209,688			207,260			615,234			653,285
Expenses
Personnel compensation and benefits		54,501			56,869			167,043			179,352
Distribution and other asset-based expenses		38,160			39,019			113,158			123,471
General and administrative		13,947			12,301			39,585			38,984
Depreciation and amortization		12,333			10,686			33,663			32,051
Change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business		10,336			(10,500	)		19,236			(40,600	)
Acquisition-related costs		116			189			134			449
Restructuring and integration costs		246			56			275			73
Total operating expenses		129,639			108,620			373,094			333,780
Income from operations		80,049			98,640			242,140			319,505
Other income (expense)
Interest income and other income (expense)		1,452			(1,446	)		4,967			(5,096	)
Interest expense and other financing costs		(15,580	)		(11,479	)		(44,721	)		(30,637	)
Loss on debt extinguishment		—			(369	)		—			(2,887	)
Total other expense, net		(14,128	)		(13,294	)		(39,754	)		(38,620	)
Income before income taxes		65,921			85,346			202,386			280,885
Income tax expense		(13,914	)		(12,582	)		(44,435	)		(57,643	)
Net income	$	52,007		$	72,764		$	157,951		$	223,242
Earnings per share of common stock
Basic	$	0.79		$	1.06		$	2.38		$	3.25
Diluted	$	0.77		$	1.01		$	2.30		$	3.07
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic		65,774			68,609			66,504			68,625
Diluted		67,676			71,877			68,636			72,797
Dividends declared per share of common stock	$	0.32		$	0.25		$	0.96		$	0.75

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income	$	52,007		$	72,764		$	157,951		$	223,242
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Net unrealized income (loss) on cash flow hedges		(56	)		10,024			(1,225	)		31,514
Net unrealized income (loss) on foreign currency translation		(11	)		(78	)		3			(365	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(67	)		9,946			(1,222	)		31,149
Comprehensive income	$	51,940		$	82,710		$	156,729		$	254,391

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

									Accumulated
						Additional			Other
	Common		Treasury			Paid-In			Comprehensive			Retained
	Stock		Stock			Capital			Income			Earnings			Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	805	$	(285,425	)	$	705,466		$	35,442		$	609,122		$	1,065,410
Issuance of common stock		—		—			60			—			—			60
Repurchase of shares		—		(32,903	)		—			—			—			(32,903	)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(11,656	)		—			—			—			(11,656	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		7		—			(7	)		—			—			—
Exercise of options		3		—			1,707			—			—			1,710
Other comprehensive loss		—		—			—			(5,068	)		—			(5,068	)
Share-based compensation		—		—			4,252			—			—			4,252
Dividends paid		—		—			—			—			(22,524	)		(22,524	)
Net income		—		—			—			—			49,273			49,273
Balance, March 31, 2023		815		(329,984	)		711,478			30,374			635,871			1,048,554
Issuance of common stock		—		—			51			—			—			51
Repurchase of shares		—		(44,496	)		—			—			—			(44,496	)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(3,190	)		—			—			—			(3,190	)
Exercise of options		2		—			1,437			—			—			1,439
Other comprehensive income		—		—			—			3,913			—			3,913
Share-based compensation		—		—			4,242			—			—			4,242
Dividends paid		—		—			—			—			(21,083	)		(21,083	)
Net income		—		—			—			—			56,671			56,671
Balance, June 30, 2023		817		(377,670	)		717,208			34,287			671,459			1,046,101
Issuance of common stock		—		—			78			—			—			78
Repurchase of shares		—		98			—			—			—			98
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(6,890	)		—			—			—			(6,890	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		1					(1	)		—			—			—
Exercise of options		4		—			2,072			—			—			2,076
Other comprehensive loss		—		—			—			(67	)		—			(67	)
Share-based compensation		—		—			3,895			—			—			3,895
Dividends paid		—		—			—			—			(21,162	)		(21,162	)
Net income		—		—			—			—			52,007			52,007
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	822	$	(384,462	)	$	723,252		$	34,220		$	702,304		$	1,076,136

6

									Accumulated
						Additional			Other
	Common		Treasury			Paid-In			Comprehensive		Retained
	Stock		Stock			Capital			Income		Earnings			Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	772	$	(153,200	)	$	673,572		$	5,972	$	402,811		$	929,927
Issuance of common stock		—		—			69			—		—			69
Repurchase of shares		—		(9,437	)		—			—		—			(9,437	)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(9,317	)		—			—		—			(9,317	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		5		—			(5	)		—		—			—
Exercise of options		2		—			1,231			—		—			1,233
Other comprehensive income		—		—			—			16,199		—			16,199
Share-based compensation		—		—			3,945			—		—			3,945
Dividends paid		—		—			—			—		(17,618	)		(17,618	)
Net income		—		—			—			—		71,273			71,273
Balance, March 31, 2022		779		(171,954	)		678,812			22,171		456,466			986,274
Issuance of common stock		—		—			80			—		—			80
Repurchase of shares		—		(16,908	)		—			—		—			(16,908	)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(4,839	)		—			—		—			(4,839	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		1		—			(1	)		—		—			—
Exercise of options		4		—			1,687			—		—			1,691
Other comprehensive income		—		—			—			5,004		—			5,004
Share-based compensation		—		—			4,965			—		—			4,965
Dividends paid		—		—			—			—		(17,291	)		(17,291	)
Net income		—		—			—			—		79,205			79,205
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	784	$	(193,701	)	$	685,543		$	27,175	$	518,380		$	1,038,181
Issuance of common stock		—		—			64			—		—			64
Repurchase of shares		—		(22,827	)		—			—		—			(22,827	)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(27,373	)		—			—		—			(27,373	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		2					(2	)		—		—			—
Exercise of options		17		—			9,285			—		—			9,302
Other comprehensive income		—		—			—			9,946		—			9,946
Share-based compensation		—		—			4,352			—		—			4,352
Dividends paid		—		—			—			—		(17,400	)		(17,400	)
Net income		—		—			—			—		72,764			72,764
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	803	$	(243,901	)	$	699,242		$	37,121	$	573,744		$	1,067,009

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	157,951		$	223,242
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for deferred income taxes		17,232			30,339
Depreciation and amortization		33,663			32,051
Deferred financing costs and derivative and accretion expense		3,171			3,395
Stock-based and deferred compensation		15,135			10,774
Change in fair value of contingent consideration obligations		19,236			(40,600	)
Unrealized (appreciation) depreciation on investments		(693	)		5,307
Noncash lease expense		(340	)		263
Loss on equity method investment		—			825
Loss on debt extinguishment		—			2,887
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables		(10,681	)		16,781
Prepaid expenses		(358	)		(667	)
Other assets		(2,220	)		(1,540	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		8,388			(11,427	)
Accrued compensation and benefits		(7,125	)		(2,567	)
Other liabilities		(169	)		(944	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		233,190			268,119
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(4,373	)		(4,286	)
Purchases of investments		(9,362	)		(17,696	)
Sales of investments		7,464			15,205
Acquisition of business and assets, net of cash acquired		—			(880	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(6,271	)		(7,657	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common stock		5,414			12,439
Repurchase of common stock		(81,821	)		(61,493	)
Payments of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards		(15,916	)		(27,897	)
Repayments of long-term senior debt		—			(134,000	)
Payment of dividends		(64,769	)		(52,127	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(157,092	)		(263,078	)
Effect of changes of foreign exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents		(11	)		(248	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		69,816			(2,864	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		38,171			69,533
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	107,987		$	66,669
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	51,181		$	24,118
Cash paid for income taxes		34,007			26,117
Noncash items
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—		$	3,984

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (along with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, collectively referred to as the “Company,” “Victory,” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us,” and “our”), was formed on February 13, 2013 for the purpose of acquiring Victory Capital Management Inc. (“VCM”) and Victory Capital Services, Inc. (“VCS”), formerly known as Victory Capital Advisers, Inc., which occurred on August 1, 2013. On February 12, 2018, the Company completed the initial public offering (the “IPO”) of its Common Stock, which trades on the NASDAQ under the symbol “VCTR.”

On July 1, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition (the “USAA AMCO Acquisition” or “USAA AMCO”) of USAA Asset Management Company and Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (“VCTA”), formerly known as the USAA Transfer Agency Company d/b/a USAA Shareholder Account Services. The USAA AMCO Acquisition included USAA’s mutual fund and ETF businesses and its 529 Education Savings Plan.

On November 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of New Energy Capital Partners (“NEC”). Founded in 2004 and based in Hanover, New Hampshire, NEC is an alternative asset management firm focused on debt and equity investments in clean energy infrastructure projects and companies.

On December 31, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of WestEnd Advisors, LLC (“WestEnd”). Founded in 2004, and headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, WestEnd is an ETF strategist advisor that provides financial advisors with a turnkey, core model allocation strategy for either a holistic solution or complementary source of alpha. The firm offers four primary ETF strategies and one large cap core strategy, all in tax efficient Separately Managed Account (SMA) structures. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details on the USAA AMCO, NEC and WestEnd acquisitions.

VCM is a registered investment adviser managing assets through mutual funds, institutional separate accounts, separately managed account products, unified managed account products, third-party ETF model strategies, collective trust funds, private funds, undertakings for the collective investment in transferrable securities, other pooled vehicles and ETFs.

VCM also provides mutual fund administrative services for the Victory Portfolios, Victory Variable Insurance Funds, the mutual fund series of the Victory Portfolios II and the Victory Portfolios III (collectively, the “Victory Funds”), a family of open-end mutual funds, and the VictoryShares (the Company’s ETF brand). Additionally, VCM employs all of the Company’s United States investment professionals across its Franchises and Solutions, which are not separate legal entities. VCM’s wholly-owned subsidiaries include RS Investment Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., RS Investments (UK) Limited, Victory Capital Digital Assets, LLC and NEC Pipeline LLC. RS Investments (Hong Kong) Limited, VCM’s other wholly-owned subsidiary, ceased operations on May 31, 2023.

VCS is registered with the SEC as an introducing broker-dealer and serves as distributor and underwriter for the Victory Funds, which includes the mutual funds of the Victory Portfolios III (the “Victory Funds III”) and the USAA 529 Education Savings Plan. VCS is also the placement agent for certain private funds managed by VCM.

VCTA is registered with the SEC as a transfer agent for the Victory Funds III.

WestEnd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc., is the Company’s second registered investment adviser.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

9

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. Our involvement with non-consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) includes sponsored investment funds and, in 2022, an equity method investment.

For further discussion regarding VIEs, refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. For further discussion on the equity method investment, refer to Note 13, Equity Method Investment, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Intangible Assets

Management periodically evaluates the remaining useful lives and carrying values of the Company’s intangible assets to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that a change in the useful life or impairment in value may have occurred. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a $3.8 million impairment loss on an indefinite-lived trade name asset to reduce the asset’s carrying amount to its estimated fair value and to change the asset’s estimated remaining useful life. The remaining book value of the asset is being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period that is shorter than the asset’s economic life. The impairment loss is recorded in depreciation and amortization in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For further discussion regarding the Company's intangible asset policy, refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements and the notes. Actual results may ultimately differ materially from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023

•Expected Credit Losses: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 creates a new model for determining current expected credit losses (“CECL”) on trade and other receivables, net investments in leases, contract assets and long-term receivables. The CECL impairment model requires companies to consider the risk of loss even if it is remote and to include forecasts of future economic conditions as well as information about past events and current conditions. The effective date for calendar-year public business entities was January 1, 2020. As an EGC, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

•Fair Value Measurements: In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” to clarify guidance for determining the fair value of certain equity securities and eliminate diversity in practice. ASU 2022-03 states that contractual sale restrictions should not be considered when measuring the fair value of an equity security and requires new disclosures for entities with equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. As the Company will lose its EGC status as of December 31, 2023, the Company will adopt ASU 2022-03 on January 1, 2024, the effective date for calendar-year public business entities. Because the Company does not have equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions, ASU 2022-03 is not expected to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 3. Revenue RECOGNITION

In accordance with revenue recognition standard requirements, the following table disaggregates our revenue by type and product:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2023			2022
Investment management fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	112,816	$	112,467		$	330,921		$	357,294
ETFs (VictoryShares)		5,200		5,324			15,901			15,274
Separate accounts and other vehicles		44,736		43,031			129,971			137,643
Performance-based fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds III)		1,087		244			3,489			(1,039	)
Separate accounts and other vehicles		114		(296	)		(83	)		(808	)
Total investment management fees		163,953		160,770			480,199			508,364
Fund administration and distribution fees
Administration fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	25,644		25,566		$	74,947			80,287
ETFs (VictoryShares)		725		673			2,159			2,095
Distribution fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)		5,648		6,036			16,978			19,172
Transfer agent fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds III)		13,718		14,215			40,951			43,367
Total fund administration and distribution fees		45,735		46,490			135,035			144,921
Total revenue	$	209,688	$	207,260		$	615,234		$	653,285

The following table presents balances of receivables:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Customer receivables
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	52,878	$	53,835
ETFs (VictoryShares)		2,005		2,239
Separate accounts and other vehicles		31,183		26,652
Receivables from contracts with customers		86,066		82,726
Non-customer receivables		9,108		1,747
Total receivables	$	95,174	$	84,473

Revenue

The Company’s revenue includes fees earned from providing;

•investment management services,

•fund administration services,

•fund transfer agent services, and

•fund distribution services.

Revenue is recognized for each distinct performance obligation identified in customer contracts when the performance obligation has been satisfied by transferring services to a customer either over time or at the point in time when the customer obtains control of the service. Revenue is recognized in the amount of variable or fixed consideration allocated to the satisfied performance obligation that Victory expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring services to a customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only when it is probable that a significant reversal of such revenue will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Investment management, fund administration and fund distribution fees are generally considered variable consideration as they are typically calculated as a percentage of AUM. Fund transfer agent fees are also considered variable consideration

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as they are calculated as a percentage of AUM or based on the number of accounts in the fund. In such cases, the amount of fees earned is subject to factors outside of the Company’s control including customer or underlying investor contributions and redemptions and financial market volatility. These fees are considered constrained and are excluded from the transaction price until the asset values or number of accounts on which the customer is billed are calculated and the value of consideration is measurable.

The Company has contractual arrangements with third parties to provide certain advisory, administration, transfer agent and distribution services. Management considers whether we are acting as the principal service provider or as an agent to determine whether revenue should be recorded based on the gross amount payable by the customer or net of payments to third-party service providers, respectively. Victory is considered a principal service provider if we control the service that is transferred to the customer. We are considered an agent when we arrange for the service to be provided by another party and do not control the service.

Investment Management Fees

Investment management fees are received in exchange for investment management services that represent a series of distinct incremental days of investment management service. Control of investment management services is transferred to the customers over time as these customers receive and consume the benefits provided by these services. Investment management fees are calculated as a contractual percentage of AUM and are generally paid in arrears on a monthly or quarterly basis.

AUM represents the financial assets the Company manages for clients on either a discretionary or non-discretionary basis. In general, AUM reflects the valuation methodology that corresponds to the basis used for determining revenue such as net asset value for the Victory Funds and certain other pooled funds and account market value for separate accounts. For the NEC Funds, AUM represents limited partner capital commitments during the commitment period of the fund. Following the earlier of the termination of the commitment period and the beginning of any commitment period for a successor fund, AUM generally represents, depending on the fund, the lesser of a) the net asset value of the fund and b) the aggregated adjusted cost basis of each unrealized portfolio investment or the limited partner capital commitments reduced by the amount of capital contributions used to make portfolio investments that have been disposed.

Investment management fees are recognized as revenue using a time-based output method to measure progress. Revenue is recorded at month end or quarter end when the value of consideration is measured. The amount of investment management fee revenue varies from one reporting period to another as levels of AUM change (from inflows, outflows and market movements) and as the number of days in the reporting period change.

The Company may waive certain fees for investment management services provided to the Victory Funds, VictoryShares and other pooled investment vehicles and may subsidize certain share classes of the Victory Funds, VictoryShares and other pooled investment vehicles to ensure that specified operating expenses attributable to such share classes do not exceed a specified percentage. These waivers and reimbursements reduce the transaction price allocated to investment management services and are recognized as a reduction to investment management fees revenue. The amounts due to the Victory Funds, VictoryShares and other pooled investment vehicles for waivers and expense reimbursements represent consideration payable to customers, which is recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and no distinct services are received in exchange for these payments.

Performance-based investment management fees, which include fees under performance fee and fulcrum fee arrangements, are included in the transaction price for providing investment management services. Performance-based investment management fees are calculated as a percentage of investment performance on a client’s account versus a specified benchmark or hurdle based on the terms of the contract with the customer. Performance-based investment management fees are variable consideration and are recognized as revenue when and to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative revenue for the contractual performance period will not occur. Performance-based investment management fees recognized as revenue in the current period may pertain to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods. Fulcrum fee arrangements include a performance fee adjustment that increases or decreases the total investment management fee depending on whether the assets being managed experienced better or worse investment performance than the index specified in the customer’s contract. The performance fee adjustment arrangement with certain equity and fixed income Victory Funds III took effect on July 1, 2020 and is calculated monthly based on the investment performance of those funds relative to their specified benchmark indexes over the discrete performance period ending with that month.

Fund Administration Fees

The Company recognizes fund administration fees as revenue using a time-based output method to measure progress. Fund administration fees are determined based on the contractual rate applied to average daily net assets of the Victory

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Funds and VictoryShares for which administration services are provided. Revenue is recorded on a monthly basis when the value of consideration is measured using actual average daily net assets and constraints are removed. The Company’s fund administration fee revenue is recorded in fund administration and distribution fees in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company has contractual arrangements with a third party to provide certain sub-administration services. We are the primary obligor under the contracts with the Victory Funds and VictoryShares and have the ability to select the service provider and establish pricing. As a result, fund administration fees and sub-administration expenses are recorded on a gross basis.

Fund Transfer Agent Fees

The Company recognizes fund transfer agent fees using a time-based output method to measure progress. Fund transfer agent fees are determined based on the contractual rate applied to either the average daily net assets of the Victory Funds III for which transfer agent services are provided or number of accounts in the Victory Funds III. Revenue is recorded on a monthly basis when the value of consideration is measured using actual average daily net assets or actual number of accounts and constraints are removed. The Company’s fund transfer agent fee revenue is recorded in fund administration and distribution fees in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company also receives fees for sub-transfer agency services under contracts with the Victory Funds for member class shares. Sub-transfer agency fees are recognized and recorded in a manner similar to fund transfer agent fees and are recorded in fund administration and distribution fees in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company has contractual arrangements with a third party to provide certain sub-transfer agent services. As the Company is the primary obligor under the transfer agency contracts with the Victory Funds III and has the ability to select the service provider and establish pricing, fund transfer agent fees and sub-transfer agent expenses are recorded on a gross basis.

Fund Distribution Fees

The Company receives compensation for sales and sales-related services promised under distribution contracts with the Victory Funds. Revenue is measured in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for providing distribution services. Distribution fees are generally calculated as a percentage of average net assets in the Victory Funds. The Company’s performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time when control of the services is transferred to customers, which is upon investor subscription or redemption.

Based on the nature of the calculation, the revenue for these services is accounted for as variable consideration. The Company may recognize distribution fee revenue in the current period that pertains to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods as variable consideration is recognized only when uncertainties are resolved. The Company’s distribution fee revenue is recorded in fund administration and distribution fees in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company has contractual arrangements with third parties to provide certain distribution services. The Company is the primary obligor under the contracts with the Victory Funds and has the ability to select the service provider and establish pricing. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is recorded gross of payments made to third parties.

Costs Incurred to Obtain or Fulfill Customer Contracts

The Company is required to capitalize certain costs directly related to the acquisition or fulfillment of a contact with a customer. Victory has not identified any sales-based compensation or similar costs that meet the definition of an incremental cost to acquire a contract and as such we have no intangible assets related to contract acquisitions.

Direct costs incurred to fulfill services under the Company’s distribution contracts include sales commissions paid to third party dealers for the sale of Class C Shares. The Company may pay upfront sales commissions to dealers and institutions that sell Class C shares of the participating Victory Funds at the time of such sale. Upfront sales commission payments with respect to Class C shares equal 1.00% of the purchase price of the Class C shares sold by the dealer or institution. When the Company makes an upfront payment to a dealer or institution for the sale of Class C shares, the Company capitalizes the cost of such payment, which is recorded in prepaid expenses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortizes the cost over a 12-month period, the estimated period of benefit.

Valuation of AUM and fund investments

The fair value of assets under management of the Victory Funds and VictoryShares is primarily determined using quoted market prices or independent third-party pricing services or broker price quotes. In certain circumstances, a quotation or price evaluation is not readily available from a pricing service. In these cases, pricing is determined by management based

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on a prescribed valuation process that has been approved by the directors/trustees of the sponsored products. The same prescribed valuation process is used to price securities in separate accounts and the Company’s other non-alternative investment vehicles for which a quotation or price evaluation is not readily available from a pricing service.

The fair value of Level III assets held by alternative investment vehicles is determined under the respective valuation policy for each fund. The valuation policies address the fact that substantially all the investments of a fund may not have readily available market information and therefore the fair value for these assets is typically determined using unobservable inputs and models that may include subjective assumptions. AUM reported by the Company for alternative investment vehicles may not necessarily equal the funds’ net asset values or the total fair value of the funds’ portfolio investments as AUM represents the basis for calculating management fees.

For the periods presented, less than one percent of the Company’s total AUM were Level III assets priced without using a quoted market price, broker price quote or pricing service quotation.

NOTE 4. ACQUISITIONS

USAA AMCO Acquisition

Under the terms of the USAA AMCO Acquisition purchase agreement, a maximum of $150.0 million ($37.5 million per year) in contingent payments is payable to sellers based on the annual revenue of USAA Asset Management Company attributable to all “non-managed money”-related AUM in each of the first four years following the closing. To receive any contingent payment in respect of “non-managed money”-related assets for a given year, annual revenue from “non-managed money”-related assets must be at least 80% of the revenue run-rate (as calculated under the Stock Purchase Agreement) of the USAA Asset Management Company's “non-managed money”-related assets under management as of the closing date, and to achieve the maximum contingent payment for a given year, such annual revenue must total at least 100% of that closing date revenue run-rate.

As of September 30, 2023, contingent consideration payable to sellers was $36.4 million, the actual amount due to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period. At December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of contingent consideration payable to sellers of $27.7 million was determined using a real options method, where revenue related to “non-managed money” assets was simulated in a risk-neutral framework to calculate expected probability-weighted earn out payments, which were then discounted from the expected payment dates at the relevant cost of debt. Contingent consideration payable to sellers is recorded in consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The increase in the liability of $2.7 million and $8.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the increase in the liability of $2.7 million and a decrease in the liability of $9.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were recorded in change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NEC Acquisition

On November 1, 2021, VCM completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests in NEC. Founded in 2004 and based in Hanover, New Hampshire, NEC is an alternative asset management firm focused on debt and equity investments in clean energy infrastructure projects and companies through private closed-end funds (the “NEC Funds”).

Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the Company will pay up to an additional $35.0 million in cash based on net revenue growth over a six-year period following the closing date. The purchase agreement specifies net revenue and payment targets for the 36-month, 48-month and 60-month periods beginning on November 30, 2021 (the “Start Date”) for the contingent payments. It also provides for advance payments and catch-up payments to be made based on actual NEC net management fee revenue, as defined in the purchase agreement, as measured at the end of each 12 month anniversary of the Start Date over a six year period. The maximum amount of contingent payments is due, less any contingent payments previously paid, upon the occurrence of certain specified events within a five year period following the Start Date.

The Company determined that substantially all of the contingent payments payable per the NEC purchase agreement represent compensation for post-closing services. Accordingly, these contingent payments were excluded from the purchase price for the NEC Acquisition. The Company records compensation expense over the estimated service period in an amount equal to the total contingent payments currently forecasted to be paid. NEC contingent payment compensation expense is included in personnel compensation and benefits in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $1.4 million and $4.4 million in NEC contingent payment compensation expense, respectively. Expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.7 million and $5.4 million, respectively.

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The liability for NEC contingent payments totaled $12.5 million and $8.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in accrued compensation and benefits in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

WestEnd Acquisition

On December 31, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of WestEnd. Founded in 2004, and headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, WestEnd is an ETF strategist advisor that provides financial advisors with a turnkey, core model allocation strategy for either a holistic solution or complementary source of alpha. The firm offers four primary ETF strategies and one large cap core strategy in separately managed account structures.

The aggregate purchase price (the “WestEnd Purchase Price”) for the WestEnd Acquisition was $716.1 million, net of cash acquired, which included (i) $475.8 million in cash paid at closing (the “WestEnd Closing”) net of cash acquired, plus the acquisition date value of contingent payments due to sellers of $239.7 million plus $0.6 million paid in cash in April 2022 for net working capital adjustments. The contingent earn-out payments are based on net revenue of the WestEnd business during each of the first four years following the WestEnd Closing, subject to certain “catch-up” provisions over a five and one-half year period following the WestEnd Closing. A maximum of $320.0 million ($80.0 million per year) is payable to sellers in contingent payments.

A total of $2.9 million of the cash paid at closing was placed in escrow. In April 2022, the $0.5 million of escrow funds reserved for purchase price adjustments was released to sellers. In February 2023, the remaining $2.4 million of escrow funds was released to sellers.

The purchase price of $716.1 million was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of the WestEnd Acquisition. The Company used an independent valuation specialist to assist with the determination of fair value for certain of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities disclosed below.

The excess purchase price over the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed of $536.0 million was recorded to goodwill in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, all of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill arising from the acquisition primarily results from revenue synergies expected from combining WestEnd and Victory distribution platforms and sales efforts.

The estimated fair value for contingent consideration payable to sellers is estimated using the real options method. WestEnd net revenue growth is simulated in a risk-neutral framework to calculate expected probability-weighted earn out payments, which are then discounted from the expected payment dates at the relevant cost of debt. Significant assumptions and inputs include the WestEnd net revenue projected annual growth rate, the market price of risk adjustment for revenue, which adjusts the projected revenue growth rate to a risk-neutral expected growth rate, revenue volatility and discount rate. The market price of risk adjustment for revenue and revenue volatility are based on data for comparable companies. As the contingent consideration represents a subordinate, unsecured claim of the Company, the Company assesses a discount rate which incorporates adjustments for credit risk and the subordination of the contingent consideration.

The fair value of contingent consideration payable to sellers was estimated at $213.2 million as of September 30, 2023 and $202.7 million as of December 31, 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the change in the liability was an increase of $7.6 million and $10.5 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the liability decreased by $13.2 million and $31.5 million, respectively. The impact of increasing or decreasing the valuation of the contingent consideration liability is recorded in change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Significant inputs to the valuation of contingent consideration payable to sellers as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows and are approximate values:

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Net revenue 5 year average annual growth rate		24	%		28	%
Market price of risk adjustment for revenue (continuous)		8	%		11	%
Revenue volatility		21	%		20	%
Discount rate		8	%		8	%
Years remaining in earn out period		4.1			4.8
Undiscounted estimated remaining earn out payments $ millions	$247 - $320			$247 - $320

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NOTE 5. Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities. Fair value is determined based on the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value determinations utilize a valuation hierarchy based upon the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability.

Classification within the fair value hierarchy contains three levels:

•Level 1—Valuation inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2—Valuation inputs are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and other observable inputs directly or indirectly related to the asset or liability being measured.

•Level 3—Valuation inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management's own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	As of September 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets
Money market funds	$	98,769		$	98,769	$	—	$	—
Investments in proprietary funds		490			490		—		—
Deferred compensation plan investments		29,368			29,368		—		—
Interest rate swap asset		45,314			—		45,314		—
Total Financial Assets	$	173,941		$	128,627	$	45,314	$	—
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements		(249,636	)		—		—		(249,636	)
Total Financial Liabilities	$	(249,636	)	$	—	$	—	$	(249,636	)

	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets
Money market fund	$	24,575		$	24,575	$	—	$	—
Investments in proprietary funds		466			466		—		—
Deferred compensation plan investments		26,800			26,800		—		—
Interest rate swap asset		46,931			—		46,931		—
Total Financial Assets	$	98,772		$	51,841	$	46,931	$	—
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements		(230,400	)		—		—		(230,400	)
Total Financial Liabilities	$	(230,400	)	$	—	$	—	$	(230,400	)

Level 1 assets consist of money market funds and open-end mutual funds. The fair values for these assets are determined utilizing quoted market prices for identical assets.

The interest rate swap (the “Swap”) asset represents amounts receivable under a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap transaction entered into by the Company on March 27, 2020. The fair value of the Swap is included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in other assets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Pricing was determined based on a third party, model-derived valuation in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets (Level 2). Refer to Note 14, Derivatives, for further detail on the Swap.

Contingent consideration arrangements include the USAA AMCO and WestEnd earn-out payment liabilities at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Contingent consideration arrangements are included in consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of September 30, 2023, the USAA AMCO Acquisition earn-out payment liability represents the actual amount due to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period ended July 31, 2023.

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Significant unobservable inputs for the option pricing model used to determine the estimated fair value of the WestEnd Acquisition earn-out payment liability include the WestEnd net revenue projected growth rate, revenue volatility, market price of risk and discount rate.

For the WestEnd contingent consideration arrangement, an increase in the projected growth rate for revenue results in a higher fair value for the earn-out payment liability while an increase in the discount rate results in a lower fair value for the earnout payment liability. An increase in the market price of risk and revenue volatility results in a lower fair value. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details related to the valuation of contingent consideration payable related to the WestEnd Acquisition.

Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration arrangement liabilities, realized or unrealized, are recorded in earnings and are included in change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table presents the balance of the change in contingent consideration arrangement liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

(in thousands)	Contingent Consideration Liabilities
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	230,400
USAA AMCO change in fair value measurement		8,736
WestEnd change in fair value measurement		10,500
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	249,636

There were no transfers between any of the Level 1, 2 and 3 categories in the fair value measurement hierarchy from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023. The Company recognizes transfers at the end of the reporting period.

The net carrying value of accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair value due to the short‑term nature of these assets and liabilities. The fair value of our long-term debt as of September 30, 2023, is considered to be its carrying value as the interest rate on the bank debt is variable and approximates current market rates. As a result, Level 2 inputs are utilized to determine the fair value of our long‑term debt.

NOTE 6. Related-Party Transactions

The Company considers certain funds that it manages, including the Victory Funds, the VictoryShares, collective trust funds that it sponsors (the “Victory Collective Funds”), the NEC Funds and other pooled investment vehicles that it sponsors, to be related parties as a result of its advisory relationship.

The Company receives investment management, administrative, distribution and compliance fees in accordance with contracts that VCM and VCS have with the Victory Funds and has invested a portion of its balance sheet cash in the Victory Treasury Money Market Trust and earns interest on the amount invested in this fund.

The Company receives investment management, administrative and compliance fees in accordance with contracts that VCM has with the VictoryShares.

We also receive investment management fees from the Victory Collective Funds, the NEC Funds and other pooled investment vehicles under VCM’s advisory contracts with these funds. In addition, VCTA receives fees for transfer agency services under contracts with the Victory Funds III and sub-transfer agency services under contracts with the Victory Funds for member class shares.

Director fees payable by the Company in cash and contributions made under the Director Deferred Compensation Plan for non-employee members of our Board of Directors are included in general and administrative expense in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The table below presents balances and transactions involving related parties included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

•Included in cash and cash equivalents is cash held in the Victory Treasury Money Market Trust.

•Included in receivables (investment management fees) are amounts due from the Victory Funds, VictoryShares, Victory Collective Funds and other pooled investment vehicles for investment management services.

•Included in receivables (fund administration and distribution fees) are amounts due from the Victory Funds for fund administration services and compliance services, amounts due from the VictoryShares for fund

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administration services, amounts due from the Victory Funds III for transfer agent services and amounts due from the Victory Funds for sub-transfer agent services.

•Included in prepaid expenses are amounts paid by VCM that will be invoiced to the NEC Funds in subsequent periods.

•Included in revenue (investment management) are amounts earned for investment management services provided to the Victory Funds, the VictoryShares, the Victory Collective Funds, the NEC Funds and other pooled investment vehicles.

•Included in revenue (fund administration and distribution fees) are amounts earned for fund administration and compliance services, transfer agent services and sub-transfer agent services.

•Realized and unrealized gains and losses and dividend income on investments in the Victory Funds classified as investments in proprietary funds and deferred compensation plan investments and dividend income on investments in the Victory Treasury Money Market Trust are recorded in interest income and other income (expense) in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

•Amounts due to the Victory Funds, VictoryShares and other pooled investment vehicles for waivers of investment management fees and reimbursements of fund operating expenses are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent consideration payable to customers.

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Related party assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	98,769	$	24,575
Receivables (investment management fees)		43,387		44,218
Receivables (fund administration and distribution fees)		14,178		14,379
Prepaid expenses		1,068		1,097
Investments (investments in proprietary funds, fair value)		490		466
Investments (deferred compensation plan investments, fair value)		29,237		24,852
Total	$	187,129	$	109,587
Related party liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (fund reimbursements)	$	5,619	$	5,838

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2023		2022
Related party revenue
Investment management fees	$	124,845	$	124,335		$	366,738	$	391,804
Fund administration and distribution fees		45,735		46,490			135,035		144,921
Total	$	170,580	$	170,825		$	501,773	$	536,725
Related party expense
General and administrative	$	117	$	93		$	366	$	302
Related party other income (expense)
Interest income and other income (expense)	$	465	$	(805	)	$	3,260	$	(4,343	)

NOTE 7. Investments

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had investments in proprietary funds and deferred compensation plan investments. Investments in proprietary funds consist entirely of seed capital investments in certain Victory Funds. Deferred compensation plan investments are held under deferred compensation plans and include Victory Funds and third party mutual funds.

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Unrealized and realized gains and losses on investments in proprietary funds and deferred compensation plan investments are recorded in earnings as interest income and other income (expense).

Investments in Proprietary Funds

The following table presents a summary of the cost and fair value of investments in proprietary funds:

			Gross Unrealized					Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Gains		(Losses)			Value
As of September 30, 2023	$	560	$	36	$	(106	)	$	490
As of December 31, 2022		551		29		(114	)		466

There were no proceeds from sales and realized gains and losses from investments in proprietary funds for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Sales and realized gains and losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	32	$	4	$	—
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022		65		—		(2	)

Deferred Compensation Plan Investments

The following table presents a summary of the cost and fair value of deferred compensation plan investments:

			Gross Unrealized					Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Gains		(Losses)			Value
As of September 30, 2023	$	29,367	$	860	$	(859	)	$	29,368
As of December 31, 2022		27,801		529		(1,530	)		26,800

The following table presents proceeds from sales of deferred compensation plan investments and realized gains and losses recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the three months ended September 30, 2023	$	4,522	$	1	$	(100	)
For the three months ended September 30, 2022		7,023		—		(258	)

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	7,432	$	5	$	(332	)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022		15,139		1,872		(473	)

NOTE 8. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 differs from the United States federal statutory rate primarily as a result of state and local income taxes, excess tax benefits on share-based compensation and certain non-deductible expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the provision for income taxes was $13.9 million and $12.6 million, or 21.1% and 14.7%, of pre-tax income respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the provision for income taxes was $44.4 million and $57.6 million, or 22.0% and 20.5% of pre-tax income respectively.

The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was higher than the effective tax rate for the same periods in 2022 mainly due to lower excess tax benefits on share-based compensation.

No valuation allowance was recorded for deferred tax assets in the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

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NOTE 9. Debt

The following table presents the components of long-term debt in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

							Effective Interest Rate as of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022			September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Term Loans
Due July 2026, 7.62% interest rate	$	630,680		$	630,680		8.02%	6.36%
Due December 2028, 7.62% interest rate		371,028			371,028		7.94%	6.29%
Term loan principal outstanding		1,001,708			1,001,708
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(9,395	)		(11,299	)
Unamortized debt discount		(3,990	)		(4,895	)
Long-term debt, net	$	988,323		$	985,514

The Company elects to use three-month term SOFR plus a ten-point credit spread adjustment plus the margin on SOFR required by the 2019 Credit Agreement to pay interest on its debt.

The 2019 Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that affect, among other things, the ability of the first lien leverage ratio, measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter on which outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility exceed 35.0% of the commitments thereunder (excluding certain letters of credit), of no greater than 3.80 to 1.00. As of September 30, 2023, there were no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility and the Company was in compliance with the financial performance covenant.

There were no repayments of outstanding term loans under the 2019 Credit Agreement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

A total of $29.6 million and $144.6 million of the outstanding term loans under the 2019 Credit Agreement was repaid during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized a net loss on debt extinguishment of $0.4 million and $2.9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to repayments of term loan principal.

Interest Expense

The following table presents the components of interest expense and other financing costs on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Interest expense	$	19,457		$	11,717		$	55,140		$	27,465
Amortization of debt issuance costs		762			784			2,266			2,434
Amortization of debt discount		305			314			905			960
Interest rate swap (income) expense		(5,115	)		(1,459	)		(14,004	)		(558	)
Other		171			123			414			336
Total	$	15,580		$	11,479		$	44,721		$	30,637

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NOTE 10. Equity

Shares Rollforward

The following tables present the changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and repurchased (in thousands):

	Shares of Common Stock Issued		Shares of Treasury Stock
Balance, December 31, 2022		80,528		(13,203	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(1,032	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		680		—
Exercise of options		295		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(390	)
Balance, March 31, 2023		81,506		(14,625	)
Issuance of shares		2		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(1,380	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		27		—
Exercise of options		191		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(102	)
Balance, June 30, 2023		81,726		(16,107	)
Issuance of shares		2		—
Repurchase of shares		—		—
Vesting of restricted share grants		66		—
Exercise of options		430		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(206	)
Balance, September 30, 2023		82,224		(16,313	)

	Shares of Common Stock Issued		Shares of Treasury Stock
Balance, December 31, 2021		77,242		(8,580	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(293	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		481		—
Exercise of options		222		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(285	)
Balance, March 31, 2022		77,948		(9,158	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(640	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		139		—
Exercise of options		271		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(197	)
Balance, June 30, 2022		78,361		(9,995	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(819	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		208		—
Exercise of options		1,717		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(993	)
Balance, September 30, 2022		80,289		(11,807	)

Shares Repurchased and Withheld

Share Repurchase Programs

In March 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program (the “2023 Share Repurchase Program”) authorizing the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of the Company’s Common Stock. Under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program, which took effect in March 2023, the Company may purchase its shares from time to time through March 31, 2025 in privately negotiated transactions, through block trades, pursuant to open market purchases, or pursuant

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to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the SEC. The amount and timing of purchases under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program will depend on a number of factors including the price and availability of the Company’s shares, trading volume, capital availability, Company performance and general economic and market conditions. The 2023 Share Repurchase Program can be suspended or discontinued at any time. The former $100.0 million share repurchase program, which took effect in May 2022, was completed in March 2023.

The Company did not make any repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 2.4 million shares of Common Stock at a total cost of $77.3 million, which included $0.5 million of excise taxes payable on shares repurchased, for an average price of $32.05. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.8 million and 1.8 million shares were repurchased at a total cost of $22.8 million and $49.2 million for an average price of $27.86 and $28.06.

As of September 30, 2023, a total of $51.9 million was available for future repurchases under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program, and a cumulative total of 9.5 million shares of Common Stock had been repurchased under programs authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors at a total cost of $238.6 million for an average price of $25.07 per share.

Shares Withheld for net settlement of employee equity awards

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company net settled 0.2 million shares of Common Stock for $6.9 million to satisfy $5.0 million in employee tax obligations and $1.9 million in employee stock option exercise prices. During the same period in 2022, 1.0 million shares were net settled for $27.4 million to satisfy $18.1 million of employee tax obligations and $9.3 million of employee stock option exercise prices.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company net settled 0.7 million shares of Common Stock for $21.7 million to satisfy $16.7 million in employee tax obligations and $5.0 million in employee stock option exercise prices. During the same period in 2022, 1.5 million shares were net settled for $41.5 million to satisfy $29.3 million of employee tax obligations and $12.2 million of employee stock option exercise prices.

Dividend Payments

Dividends paid or payable for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $64.8 million and included quarterly dividends of $63.6 million and $1.2 million in cash bonuses and distributions related to dividends previously declared upon vesting of restricted stock. During the same period in 2022, dividends paid or payable totaled $52.3 million and included quarterly dividends of $51.5 million and $0.8 million in cash bonuses and distributions related to dividends previously declared upon vesting of restricted stock.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amount of cash bonuses and distributions related to dividends previously declared on unvested and outstanding restricted share awards and stock options totaled $0.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, which was not recorded as a liability as of the balance sheet date. A liability will be recorded for these cash bonuses and dividends when the restricted shares and options vest.

NOTE 11. Share‑Based Compensation

Current Period Activity

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued restricted stock awards for 33,153 shares of Common Stock, of which awards for 9,013 shares were fully vested on the grant date and awards for 24,140 shares vest over four years.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued restricted stock awards for 513,715 shares of Common Stock, of which awards for 30,012 shares were fully vested on the grant date, awards for 51,919 shares vest over two years, awards for 84,039 shares cliff vest after two years, awards for 258,908 shares vest over three years, awards for 24,140 shares vest over four years, awards for 31,073 shares vest two-thirds in two years and one-third in three years and awards for 33,624 shares vest one-third in two years and two-thirds in three years.

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Stock option award and restricted stock award activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

	Shares Subject to Stock Option Awards
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023							2022
	Avg wtd		Avg wtd					Avg wtd		Avg wtd
	grant-date		exercise					grant-date		exercise
	fair value		price		Units			fair value		price		Units
Outstanding at beginning of period	$	4.31	$	7.57		2,884,180		$	3.94	$	6.71		5,315,210
Forfeited		—		—		—			6.46		14.15		(451	)
Exercised		3.70		5.70		(916,325	)		3.43		5.53		(2,209,371	)
Outstanding at end of the period	$	4.59	$	8.44		1,967,855		$	4.31	$	7.55		3,105,388
Vested	$	4.57	$	8.36		1,791,657		$	4.27	$	7.45		2,928,840
Unvested		4.85		9.23		176,198			4.85		9.24		176,548

	Restricted Stock Awards
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023					2022
	Avg wtd grant-					Avg wtd grant-
	date fair value		Units			date fair value		Units
Unvested at beginning of period	$	25.38		1,153,515		$	17.75		1,352,839
Granted		30.09		513,715			31.14		637,235
Vested		22.83		(773,507	)		17.39		(827,872	)
Forfeited		29.60		(45,153	)		28.86		(9,643	)
Unvested at end of period	$	30.30		848,570		$	25.34		1,152,559

The Company recorded $3.9 million and $4.4 million of share-based compensation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $12.4 million and $13.3 million of share-based compensation expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in personnel compensation and benefits in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NOTE 12. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share from net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	52,007	$	72,764	$	157,951	$	223,242
Shares:
Basic: Weighted average number of shares outstanding		65,774		68,609		66,504		68,625
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments		1,902		3,268		2,132		4,172
Diluted: Weighted average number of shares outstanding		67,676		71,877		68,636		72,797
Earnings per share
Basic:	$	0.79	$	1.06	$	2.38	$	3.25
Diluted:	$	0.77	$	1.01	$	2.30	$	3.07

Outstanding instruments excluded from the computation of weighted average shares for diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive were de minimis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The amount of outstanding instruments excluded from the computation of weighted average shares for diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive was 0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Holders of non-vested share-based compensation awards do not have rights to receive nonforfeitable dividends on the shares covered by the awards.

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NOTE 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

				Cumulative
	Cash Flow			Translation
(in thousands)	Hedges (a)			Adjustment			Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	35,614		$	(172	)	$	35,442
Other comprehensive income before reclassification and tax		12,387			4			12,391
Tax impact		(3,008	)		(1	)		(3,009	)
Reclassification adjustments, before tax		(14,005	)		—			(14,005	)
Tax impact		3,401			—			3,401
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,225	)		3			(1,222	)
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	34,389		$	(169	)	$	34,220
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	5,895		$	77		$	5,972
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification and tax		42,113			(485	)		41,628
Tax impact		(10,176	)		120			(10,056	)
Reclassification adjustments, before tax		(558	)		—			(558	)
Tax impact		135			—			135
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		31,514			(365	)		31,149
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	37,409		$	(288	)	$	37,121

(a) Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedges are recorded in interest expense and other financing costs.

NOTE 14. DERIVATIVES

Interest Rate Swaps

On March 27, 2020, the Company entered into the Swap to manage interest rate risk associated with a portion of its floating-rate long-term debt. The Company does not purchase or hold any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Under the terms of the original Swap agreement, the Company paid interest at a fixed rate of interest on a quarterly basis and received interest at the three-month LIBOR rate in effect for that quarter.

On September 26, 2022, the Company and the Swap counterparty executed an amendment to the Swap to update LIBOR conventions to SOFR conventions and to modify the fixed rate for the change from three-month LIBOR to three-month Term SOFR effective on October 6, 2022. There was no change to the $450 million notional value, the July 1, 2026 expiration date, the quarterly payment frequency or the designated three-month maturity from the Swap Amendment. The interest rate effectively fixed by the Swap on $450 million of the Company’s outstanding term loan debt through July 1, 2026 changed from 3.215% to 3.149% as a result of the amendment to the Swap.

The designation of a derivative instrument as a hedge and its ability to meet the hedge accounting criteria determine how the Company reflects the change in fair value of the derivative instrument. A derivative qualifies for hedge accounting treatment if, at inception, it meets defined correlation and effectiveness criteria. These criteria require that the anticipated cash flows and/or changes in fair value of the hedging instrument substantially offset those of the position being hedged. The Swap is assessed for effectiveness and continued qualification for hedge accounting on a quarterly basis. Since inception, the Swap was deemed to be highly effective.

The Swap is designated as a cash flow hedge. Accordingly, the Swap is measured at fair value with mark-to-market gains or losses deferred and included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, to the extent the hedge is determined to be effective. Gains or losses from the Swap are reclassified to interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The amount receivable from the Swap counterparty at September 30, 2023 of $4.8 million is included in other assets in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table summarizes the classification of the Swap in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the notional amount at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Balance Sheets	Description	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Other assets	Fair value of interest rate swap	$	45,314	$	46,931
	Notional amount		450,000		450,000

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The following table summarizes the effects of the Swap in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
Statement of Operations	Description	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest expense and other financing costs	Income reclassified from AOCI(L)	$	5,116	$	1,459	$	14,005	$	558

		Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
		September 30,					September 30,
Statements of Comprehensive Income	Description	2023			2022		2023			2022
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Income (loss) recognized in AOCI(L), net of tax	$	(56	)	$	10,024	$	(1,225	)	$	31,514

NOTE 15. LEASES

The Company determines if a contract is a lease at inception. We have leases primarily for office facilities and information technology equipment. All of our leases are classified as operating leases.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease ROU assets(1)	$	9,977	$	13,396
Current portion of operating lease liabilities(2)		4,448		5,056
Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities(2)		7,138		10,227
Total operating lease liabilities	$	11,586	$	15,283

(1)ROU assets are recorded in other assets on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2)Current portion and noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities are recorded in other liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

	September 30, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term	4.2 years
Weighted-average discount rate		4.6	%

The components of lease expense and other lease information as of and during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

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	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,293		$	1,318		$	3,897		$	3,983
Short-term lease cost		—			21			—			63
Variable lease cost		481			460			1,411			1,344
Gross lease cost		1,774			1,799			5,308			5,390
Sub-lease income		(204	)		(206	)		(610	)		(621	)
Net lease cost	$	1,570		$	1,593		$	4,698		$	4,769
Other lease information
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	1,419		$	1,251		$	4,237		$	3,720

In general, our leases have remaining lease terms of approximately 1 year to 5 years. These leases generally contain renewal options for periods ranging from two to five years. Because the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise these renewal options, the options are not considered in determining the lease term and associated potential option payments are excluded from lease payments. Expenses associated with operating leases are recorded in general and administrative expenses on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Variable lease costs, such as utilities and common area maintenance charges, are excluded from lease liabilities and expensed as incurred. The variable lease costs are determined based on terms in the lease contracts and primarily relate to usage of the ROU asset and services received from the lessor.

The following table summarizes the maturity of our operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Operating  Leases
2023	$	1,379
2024		4,197
2025		2,444
2026		1,623
2027		1,069
Thereafter		1,928
Total undiscounted lease payments		12,640
Less: imputed interest		1,054
Total lease liabilities	$	11,586

NOTE 16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 10, 2023, the Company paid $36.4 million in cash to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period payment for the USAA AMCO Acquisition.

On October 30, 2023, the Company monetized the floating-to-fixed swap on a portion of its debt generating an additional $43.4 million of cash net of costs.

On November 2, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.32 per share. The dividend is payable on December 22, 2023, to shareholders of record on December 11, 2023.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “Victory,” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us,” and “our” shall mean Victory Capital Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

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Objective

The objective of this section of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is intended to provide a discussion and analysis, from management’s perspective, of the key performance indicators and material information necessary to assess our financial condition and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. In addition, we also discuss the Company’s contractual and off-balance sheet arrangements. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements and should also be read in conjunction with the disclosures and information contained in “Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Overview

Our Business – Victory is a diversified global asset management firm with $153.5 billion in AUM as of September 30, 2023. The Company operates a next-generation business model combining boutique investment qualities with the benefits of an integrated, centralized operating and distribution platform.

The Company provides specialized investment strategies to institutions, intermediaries, retirement platforms and individual investors. On September 1, 2023, the Company divested one of its 12 Investment Franchises, INCORE, resulting in the divesture of $1.3 billion in AUM. The Company now has 11 autonomous Investment Franchises and a Solutions Platform. Victory offers a wide array of investment products and services, including actively and passively managed mutual funds, rules-based and active ETFs, institutional separate accounts, VIPs, ESG and impact investment strategies, alternative investments, private closed end funds, a 529 Education Savings Plan and brokerage services. Victory Capital’s strategies are also offered through third-party investment products, including mutual funds, third-party ETF model strategies, retail SMAs and UMAs through wrap account programs, CITs, and UCITs. As of September 30, 2023, our Franchises and our Solutions Platform collectively managed a diversified set of 116 investment strategies for a wide range of institutional and retail clients and direct investors.

On April 24, 2023, we introduced “Victory Capital InVest”, the new brand for our direct investor business and announced the expansion of the business to include “Marketplace”, our new open architecture brokerage platform for individual investors. Marketplace provides investors with access to trade individual stocks as well as a broad range of mutual funds and ETFs from many providers. Investors can also choose mutual funds and ETFs from Victory Capital.

Franchises – Our Franchises are largely operationally integrated but are separately branded and make investment decisions independently from one another within guidelines established by their respective investment mandates. Our largely integrated model creates a supportive environment in which our investment professionals, largely unencumbered by administrative and operational responsibilities, can focus on their pursuit of investment excellence. VCM employs all of our U.S. investment professionals across our Franchises, which are not separate legal entities.

Solutions – Our Solutions Platform consists of multi-asset, multi-manager, quantitative, rules-based, factor-based, and customized portfolios. These strategies are designed to achieve specific return characteristics, with products that include values-based and thematic outcomes and exposures. We offer our Solutions Platform through a variety of vehicles, including separate accounts, mutual funds, UMA accounts, rules-based and active ETFs under our VictoryShares ETF brand. Like our Franchises, our Solutions Platform is operationally integrated and supported by our centralized distribution, marketing and operational support functions.

Professionals within our institutional and retail distribution channels, direct investor business and marketing organization sell our products through our centralized distribution model. Our institutional sales team focuses on cultivating relationships with institutional consultants, who account for the majority of the institutional market, as well as asset allocators seeking sub-advisers. Our retail sales team offers intermediary and retirement platform clients, including broker-dealers, retirement platforms and RIA networks, CITs, mutual funds and ETFs as well as SMAs through wrap fee programs and access to our investment models through UMAs. Our direct investor business serves the investment needs of clients including USAA members, the military community, and other individual clients.

We have grown our AUM from $17.9 billion following the management-led buyout with Crestview GP in August 2013 to $153.5 billion at September 30, 2023. We attribute this growth to our success in sourcing acquisitions and evolving them into organic growers, generating strong investment returns, and developing institutional, retail, and direct investor channels with deep penetration.

WestEnd Acquisition (the “WestEnd Acquisition”) – On December 31, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of WestEnd pursuant to the WestEnd purchase agreement. Founded in 2004, and

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headquartered in Charlotte, NC, WestEnd is an ETF strategist advisor that provides financial advisors with a turnkey, core model allocation strategy for either a holistic solution or complementary source of alpha. The firm offers four primary ETF strategies and one large cap core strategy, all in tax efficient SMA structures. At December 31, 2021, the WestEnd acquired assets totaled $19.3 billion.

The aggregate purchase price (the “WestEnd Purchase Price”) for the WestEnd Acquisition was estimated at $716.1 million, net of cash acquired, which includes (i) $475.8 million in cash paid at closing (the “WestEnd Closing”) net of cash acquired plus the acquisition date value of contingent payments due to sellers of $239.7 million plus $0.6 million paid in cash in April 2022 for net working capital adjustments. The contingent earn-out payments are based on net revenue of the WestEnd business during each of the first four years following the WestEnd Closing, subject to certain “catch-up” provisions over a five and one half year period following the WestEnd Closing. A maximum of $320.0 million ($80.0 million per year) in earn-out payments may be paid.

The estimated fair value of contingent consideration payable to sellers was estimated at $213.2 million at September 30, 2023 as compared to $202.7 million at December 31, 2022 and is included in consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The increase in the liability of $10.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was recorded in change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details on the WestEnd Acquisition.

NEC Acquisition (the “NEC Acquisition”) – On November 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests in NEC. Founded in 2004 and based in Hanover, NH, NEC is an alternative asset management firm focused on debt and equity investments in clean energy infrastructure projects and companies.

The purchase price for the NEC Acquisition was $63.1 million, which included $62.8 million in cash paid at closing, net of cash acquired, and $0.3 million paid in cash in March 2022 for net working capital adjustments. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the Company will pay up to an additional $35.0 million in cash based on net revenue growth over a six year period following the closing date. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details on the NEC Acquisition.

USAA AMCO Acquisition – On July 1, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition (the “USAA AMCO Acquisition”) of USAA Asset Management Company and VCTA, formally known as the USAA Transfer Agency Company. The acquisition expanded and diversified the Company’s investment platform and increased the Company’s size and scale. The acquisition also provided the Company the rights to offer products and services using the USAA brand and the opportunity to offer its products to USAA members through a direct distribution channel.

A maximum of $150.0 million ($37.5 million per year) in contingent payments is payable to sellers based on the annual revenue of USAA Asset Management Company attributable to all “non-managed money”-related AUM in each of the first four years following the closing date. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we paid $37.5 million in cash to sellers for the first annual contingent payment. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we paid $37.5 million in cash to sellers for the second annual contingent payment. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company paid $37.5 million in cash to sellers for the third annual earn out period for the USAA AMCO Acquisition.

As of September 30, 2023, contingent consideration payable to sellers was $36.4 million, the actual amount due to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period. At December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of contingent consideration payable to sellers was $27.7 million. Contingent consideration payable to sellers is recorded in consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The increase in the liability of $2.7 million and $8.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the increase in the liability of $2.7 million and a decrease in the liability of $9.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were recorded in change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company paid $36.4 million to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details on the USAA AMCO Acquisition.

Business Highlights

Assets under management:

•AUM at September 30, 2023 decreased by $8.1 billion, or 5.0%, to $153.5 billion from $161.6 billion at June 30, 2023, driven by negative market action, net outflows and the divestiture of certain INCORE accounts of $4.9 billion, $1.7 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively.

•AUM at September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $153.5 billion and $147.3 billion, respectively. We generated $5.4 billion in gross flows and $1.7 billion in net outflows for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $6.8 billion in gross flows and $0.6 billion in net outflows for the same period in 2022.

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•AUM at September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $153.5 billion and $147.3 billion, respectively. We generated $17.4 billion in gross flows and $5.4 billion in net outflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $27.3 billion in gross flows and $1.7 billion in net inflows for the same period in 2022. Net flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were comprised of $5.0 billion and $0.3 billion of net long-term and short-term outflows, respectively.

Investment performance:

•40 of our Victory Capital mutual funds and ETFs had overall Morningstar ratings of four or five stars and 67% of our fund and ETF AUM were rated four or five stars overall by Morningstar. 70% of our strategies by AUM had investment returns in excess of their respective benchmarks over a one-year period, 65% over a three-year period, 82% over a five-year period and 78% over a ten-year period. On an equal-weighted basis, 60% of our strategies have outperformed their benchmarks over a one-year period, 62% over a three-year period, 59% over a five-year period and 61% over a ten-year period.

Financial highlights:

•Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $209.7 million compared to $207.3 million for the same period in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, total revenue was $615.2 million and $653.3 million, respectively.

•Net income was $52.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $72.8 million for the same period in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, net income was $158.0 million and $223.2 million, respectively.

•Adjusted EBITDA was $107.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, or 51.1% of revenue, compared to $103.6 million, or 50.0% of revenue, for the same period in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA was $310.4 million, or 50.5% of revenue, compared to $324.1 million, or 49.6% of revenue, for the same period in 2022. Refer to “Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Information” for further information about the Adjusted EBITDA calculation and reconciliation of generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) net income to Adjusted EBITDA.

•Adjusted Net Income with tax benefit was $79.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $85.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Adjusted Net Income with tax benefit was $230.9 million compared to $256.7 million for the same period in 2022. Refer to “Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Information” for further information about the Adjusted Net Income calculation and reconciliation of GAAP net income to Adjusted Net Income.

Key Performance Indicators

The following table is a summary of key performance indicators utilized by management to assess results of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in millions, except for basis points and percentages)	2023			2022			2023			2022
AUM at period end	$	153,506		$	147,257		$	153,506		$	147,257
Average AUM		161,147			158,903			158,779			167,157
Gross flows		5,449			6,796			17,359			27,253
Net short-term flows		(19	)		(19	)		(345	)		(125	)
Net long-term flows		(1,700	)		(553	)		(5,041	)		1,860
Net flows		(1,719	)		(573	)		(5,386	)		1,734
Total revenue		209.7			207.3			615.2			653.3
Revenue on average AUM	51.6 bps			51.8 bps			51.8 bps			52.3 bps
Net income		52.0			72.8			158.0			223.2
Adjusted EBITDA(1)		107.2			103.6			310.4			324.1
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)		51.1	%		50.0	%		50.5	%		49.6	%
Adjusted Net Income(1)		70.3			76.2			202.3			228.7
Tax benefit of goodwill and acquired intangibles(3)		9.5			9.3			28.6			28.0

(1) Management utilizes Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income to measure the operating profitability of the business. These measures eliminate the impact of one‑time acquisition, restructuring and integration costs and demonstrate the ongoing operating earnings metrics of the business. These measures are explained in more detail and reconciled to net income calculated in accordance with GAAP in “Supplemental Non‑GAAP Financial Information.”

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(2) Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total revenue.

(3) Represents the tax benefits associated with deductions allowed for intangibles and goodwill generated from prior acquisitions in which we received a step-up in basis for tax purposes. Acquired intangible assets and goodwill may be amortized for tax purposes, generally over a 15-year period. The tax benefit from amortization on these assets is included to show the full economic benefit of deductions for all acquired intangibles with a step-up in tax basis. Due to our acquisitive nature, tax deductions allowed on acquired intangible assets and goodwill provide us with a significant supplemental economic benefit.

Assets Under Management

Our profitability is largely affected by the level and composition of our AUM (including asset class and distribution channel) and the effective fee rates on our products. The amount and composition of our AUM are, and will continue to be, influenced by a number of factors, including; (i) investment performance, including fluctuations in the financial markets and the quality of our investment decisions; (ii) client flows into and out of our various strategies and investment vehicles; (iii) industry trends toward products or strategies that we either do or do not offer; (iv) our ability to attract and retain high quality investment, distribution, marketing and management personnel; (v) our decision to close strategies or limit growth of assets in a strategy when we believe it is in the best interest of our clients or conversely to re‑open strategies in part or entirely; and (vi) general investor sentiment and confidence. Our goal is to establish and maintain a client base that is diversified by Franchise and Solutions, asset class, distribution channel and vehicle. Due to rounding, AUM numbers presented in the tables below may not add up precisely to the totals provided.

The following table presents our AUM by asset class as of the dates indicated:

	As of
	September 30,
(in millions)	2023		2022
Solutions	$	53,998	$	48,551
Fixed Income		23,790		27,198
U.S. Mid Cap Equity		28,235		25,754
U.S. Small Cap Equity		14,650		14,109
Global / Non-U.S. Equity		14,807		12,293
U.S. Large Cap Equity		11,596		10,762
Alternative Investments		3,222		5,334
Total Long-Term Assets		150,298		144,001
Money Market & Short-Term Assets		3,208		3,256
Total	$	153,506	$	147,257

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The following tables summarize our asset flows by asset class for the periods indicated:

	U.S. Mid			U.S. Small						U.S. Large			Global /												Money
	Cap			Cap			Fixed			Cap			Non-U.S.						Alternative			Total			Market /
(in millions)	Equity			Equity			Income			Equity			Equity			Solutions			Investments			Long-term			Short-term			Total
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning AUM	$	30,007		$	15,664		$	26,098		$	12,170		$	15,392		$	55,836		$	3,301		$	158,469		$	3,152		$	161,622
Gross client cash inflows		1,224			458			892			51			392			1,988			249			5,255			193			5,449
Gross client cash outflows		(1,769	)		(920	)		(1,343	)		(282	)		(519	)		(1,720	)		(402	)		(6,955	)		(213	)		(7,168	)
Net client cash flows		(545	)		(462	)		(451	)		(231	)		(126	)		268			(153	)		(1,700	)		(19	)		(1,719	)
Market appreciation / (depreciation)		(1,224	)		(547	)		(460	)		(287	)		(451	)		(2,028	)		71			(4,927	)		39			(4,888	)
Realizations and distributions		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Acquired & divested assets / Net transfers1		(2	)		(5	)		(1,397	)		(57	)		(8	)		(78	)		3			(1,545	)		37			(1,508	)
Ending AUM	$	28,235		$	14,650		$	23,790		$	11,596		$	14,807		$	53,998		$	3,222		$	150,298		$	3,208		$	153,506
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning AUM	$	26,356		$	14,837		$	29,398		$	11,857		$	13,257		$	50,485		$	5,617		$	151,807		$	3,140		$	154,947
Gross client cash inflows		1,508			589			1,123			67			742			1,745			827			6,601			194			6,796
Gross client cash outflows		(1,176	)		(939	)		(1,958	)		(269	)		(636	)		(1,315	)		(863	)		(7,155	)		(214	)		(7,368	)
Net client cash flows		333			(349	)		(835	)		(203	)		107			430			(36	)		(553	)		(19	)		(573	)
Market appreciation / (depreciation)		(938	)		(404	)		(829	)		(560	)		(1,248	)		(2,930	)		(165	)		(7,074	)		8			(7,066	)
Realizations and distributions		—			—			—			—			—			—			(51	)		(51	)		—			(51	)
Acquired & divested assets / Net transfers		3			26			(536	)		(333	)		178			566			(31	)		(127	)		127			—
Ending AUM	$	25,754		$	14,109		$	27,198		$	10,762		$	12,293		$	48,551		$	5,334		$	144,001		$	3,256		$	147,257

(1) The three months ended September 30, 2023 reflects divested assets of $1.3 billion associated with the INCORE transaction.

				U.S.						U.S.
	U.S. Mid			Small						Large			Global /												Money
	Cap			Cap			Fixed			Cap			Non-U.S.						Alternative			Total			Market /
(in millions)	Equity			Equity			Income			Equity			Equity			Solutions			Investments			Long-term			Short-term			Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning AUM	$	27,892		$	15,103		$	26,353		$	10,973		$	14,160		$	51,507		$	3,663		$	149,649		$	3,302		$	152,952
Gross client cash inflows		4,083			2,186			2,952			222			1,329			4,827			1,095			16,694			666			17,359
Gross client cash outflows		(3,988	)		(2,921	)		(4,239	)		(957	)		(1,648	)		(6,332	)		(1,650	)		(21,735	)		(1,010	)		(22,745	)
Net client cash flows		95			(735	)		(1,287	)		(735	)		(319	)		(1,506	)		(555	)		(5,041	)		(345	)		(5,386	)
Market appreciation / (depreciation)		237			280			203			1,488			1,044			4,020			180			7,452			111			7,563
Realizations and distributions		—			—			—			—			—			—			(73	)		(73	)		—			(73	)
Acquired & divested assets / Net transfers1		13			2			(1,479	)		(130	)		(79	)		(23	)		8			(1,689	)		140			(1,549	)
Ending AUM	$	28,235		$	14,650		$	23,790		$	11,596		$	14,807		$	53,998		$	3,222		$	150,298		$	3,208		$	153,506
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning AUM	$	30,578		$	20,094		$	35,154		$	15,766		$	16,050		$	60,364		$	2,548		$	180,554		$	3,100		$	183,654
Gross client cash inflows		5,417			2,408			4,183			318			3,124			6,796			4,566			26,812			441			27,253
Gross client cash outflows		(4,659	)		(4,082	)		(6,851	)		(1,048	)		(2,344	)		(4,551	)		(1,417	)		(24,952	)		(567	)		(25,518	)
Net client cash flows		758			(1,674	)		(2,668	)		(730	)		780			2,246			3,149			1,860			(125	)		1,734
Market appreciation / (depreciation)		(5,604	)		(4,343	)		(3,945	)		(4,008	)		(4,781	)		(14,052	)		(263	)		(36,998	)		11			(36,987	)
Realizations and distributions		—			—			—			—			—			—			(80	)		(80	)		—			(80	)
Acquired & divested assets / Net transfers		22			33			(1,342	)		(266	)		245			(6	)		(19	)		(1,334	)		270			(1,064	)
Ending AUM	$	25,754		$	14,109		$	27,198		$	10,762		$	12,293		$	48,551		$	5,334		$	144,001		$	3,256		$	147,257

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(1) The nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflects divested assets of $1.3 billion associated with the INCORE transaction.

The following table presents our AUM by distribution channel as of the dates indicated:

	As of September 30,
	2023					2022
(in millions)	Amount		% of total			Amount		% of total
Investor	$	53,901		35	%	$	51,037		35	%
Institutional		41,792		27	%		43,259		29	%
Retail		57,813		38	%		52,961		36	%
Total AUM(1)	$	153,506		100	%	$	147,257		100	%

(1) The allocation of AUM by distribution channel involves the use of estimates and the exercise of judgment.

The following tables summarize our asset flows by vehicle for the periods indicated:

							Separate
							Accounts and
							Other Pooled
(in millions)	Mutual Funds (1)			ETFs (2)			Vehicles (3)			Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning AUM	$	105,916		$	5,193		$	50,513		$	161,622
Gross client cash inflows		3,283			232			1,933			5,449
Gross client cash outflows		(5,119	)		(557	)		(1,492	)		(7,168	)
Net client cash flows		(1,836	)		(324	)		441			(1,719	)
Market appreciation (depreciation)		(2,925	)		(165	)		(1,799	)		(4,888	)
Realizations and distributions		—			—			—			—
Acquired & divested assets / Net transfers(4)		(17	)		6			(1,497	)		(1,508	)
Ending AUM	$	101,138		$	4,710		$	47,658		$	153,506
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning AUM	$	102,297		$	5,155		$	47,494		$	154,947
Gross client cash inflows		4,277			515			2,003			6,796
Gross client cash outflows		(5,689	)		(196	)		(1,484	)		(7,368	)
Net client cash flows		(1,411	)		319			519			(573	)
Market appreciation (depreciation)		(4,290	)		(383	)		(2,393	)		(7,066	)
Realizations and distributions		—			—			(51	)		(51	)
Acquired & divested assets / Net transfers		(5	)		18			(13	)		—
Ending AUM	$	96,591		$	5,110		$	45,557		$	147,257

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							Separate
							Accounts and
							Other Pooled
(in millions)	Mutual Funds (1)			ETFs (2)			Vehicles (3)			Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning AUM	$	99,447		$	5,627		$	47,877		$	152,952
Gross client cash inflows		11,468			625			5,266			17,359
Gross client cash outflows		(15,388	)		(1,211	)		(6,146	)		(22,745	)
Net client cash flows		(3,921	)		(586	)		(880	)		(5,386	)
Market appreciation (depreciation)		5,648			(329	)		2,244			7,563
Realizations and distributions		—			—			(73	)		(73	)
Acquired & divested assets / Net transfers(4)		(36	)		(3	)		(1,510	)		(1,549	)
Ending AUM	$	101,138		$	4,710		$	47,658		$	153,506
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning AUM	$	124,142		$	4,871		$	54,641		$	183,654
Gross client cash inflows		16,981			1,666			8,606			27,253
Gross client cash outflows		(19,750	)		(394	)		(5,374	)		(25,518	)
Net client cash flows		(2,769	)		1,271			3,231			1,734
Market appreciation (depreciation)		(23,712	)		(1,051	)		(12,225	)		(36,987	)
Realizations and distributions		—			—			(80	)		(80	)
Acquired & divested assets / Net transfers		(1,071	)		18			(11	)		(1,064	)
Ending AUM	$	96,591		$	5,110		$	45,557		$	147,257

(1) Includes institutional and retail share classes, money market and Variable Insurance Products or VIP funds.

(2) Represents only ETF assets held by third parties. Excludes ETF assets held by other Victory Capital products.

(3) Includes collective trust funds, wrap program accounts, UMAs, UCITS, private funds and non-U.S. domiciled pooled vehicles.

(4) The three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflects divested assets of $1.3 billion associated with the INCORE transaction.

September 30, 2023 AUM compared to June 30, 2023 AUM. At September 30, 2023, our total AUM was $153.5 billion, a decrease of $8.1 billion, or 5.0%, from $161.6 billion at June 30, 2023, driven by negative market action, net outflows and the divestiture of certain INCORE accounts of $4.9 billion, $1.7 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively.

Net outflows were driven by our fixed income strategies and our U.S. mid cap, U.S. small cap, and U.S. large cap equity strategies of $0.5 billion, $0.5 billion, $0.5 billion and $0.2 billion, respectively, partially offset by net inflows in our Solutions platform of $0.3 billion.

September 30, 2023 AUM compared to December 31, 2022 AUM. Total AUM increased by $0.6 billion, or 0.4%, to $153.5 billion at September 30, 2023 compared to $153.0 billion at December 31, 2022. The increase in AUM was due to positive market action of $7.6 billion partially offset by net outflows of $5.4 billion and the divestiture of certain INCORE accounts of $1.3 billion.

Net outflows were driven by our Solutions platform, fixed income strategies, U.S. large cap, U.S. small cap equity strategies and our Alternative investments platform of $1.5 billion, $1.3 billion, $0.7 billion, $0.7 billion and $0.6 billion, respectively.

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GAAP Results of Operations

The following table presents our GAAP results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue
Investment management fees	$	163,953		$	160,770		$	480,199		$	508,364
Fund administration and distribution fees		45,735			46,490			135,035			144,921
Total revenue		209,688			207,260			615,234			653,285
Expenses
Personnel compensation and benefits		54,501			56,869			167,043			179,352
Distribution and other asset-based expenses		38,160			39,019			113,158			123,471
General and administrative		13,947			12,301			39,585			38,984
Depreciation and amortization		12,333			10,686			33,663			32,051
Change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business		10,336			(10,500	)		19,236			(40,600	)
Acquisition-related costs		116			189			134			449
Restructuring and integration costs		246			56			275			73
Total operating expenses		129,639			108,620			373,094			333,780
Income from operations		80,049			98,640			242,140			319,505
Other income (expense)
Interest income and other income (expense)		1,452			(1,446	)		4,967			(5,096	)
Interest expense and other financing costs		(15,580	)		(11,479	)		(44,721	)		(30,637	)
Loss on debt extinguishment		—			(369	)		—			(2,887	)
Total other expense, net		(14,128	)		(13,294	)		(39,754	)		(38,620	)
Income before income taxes		65,921			85,346			202,386			280,885
Income tax expense		(13,914	)		(12,582	)		(44,435	)		(57,643	)
Net income	$	52,007		$	72,764		$	157,951		$	223,242
Earnings per share of common stock
Basic	$	0.79		$	1.06		$	2.38		$	3.25
Diluted	$	0.77		$	1.01		$	2.30		$	3.07
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic		65,774			68,609			66,504			68,625
Diluted		67,676			71,877			68,636			72,797
Dividends declared per share of common stock	$	0.32		$	0.25		$	0.96		$	0.75

Investment Management Fees

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Investment management fees increased 2.0%, or $3.2 million, to $164.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $160.8 million for the same period in 2022 due to an increase in average AUM over the comparable period.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Investment management fees decreased by $28.2 million, or 5.5%, to $480.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $508.4 million due to a decrease in average AUM over the comparable period.

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Fund Administration and Distribution Fees

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Fund administration and distribution fees decreased by $0.8 million, or 1.6%, to $45.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $46.5 million for the same period in 2022 due primarily to lower mutual fund average net assets.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Fund administration and distribution fees decreased $9.9 million, or 6.8%, to $135.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $144.9 million for the same period in 2022 due to the same factors as discussed above in the quarterly section.

Personnel Compensation and Benefits

The following table presents the components of GAAP personnel compensation and benefits expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Salaries, payroll related taxes and employee benefits	$	20,495	$	20,707	$	67,800	$	63,368
Incentive compensation		23,897		23,767		67,131		73,278
Sales-based compensation(1)		4,850		5,629		15,372		22,086
Equity awards granted to employees and directors(2)		3,895		4,352		12,389		13,262
Acquisition and transaction-related compensation		1,364		2,414		4,351		7,358
Total personnel compensation and benefits expense	$	54,501	$	56,869	$	167,043	$	179,352

(1) Represents sales-based commissions paid to our distribution teams. Sales-based compensation varies based on gross client cash flows and revenue earned on sales.

(2) Equity awards typically vest over several years based on service and the achievement of specific business and financial targets. The value of the equity awards is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period.

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Personnel compensation and benefits were $54.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 4.2%, from $56.9 million for the same period in 2022 due to a decrease in sales-based compensation and acquisition and transaction related compensation. Incentive compensation and equity awards granted to employees and directors were $23.9 million and $3.9 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $23.8 million and $4.4 million, respectively, for the same period in 2022. Salaries, payroll related taxes and employee benefits were $20.5 million and $20.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Personnel compensation and benefits decreased by $12.3 million, or 6.9%, to $167.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $179.4 million for the same period in 2022 due to a decrease in variable costs such as incentive and sales-based compensation. Sales-based compensation decreased by $6.7 million, or 30.4%, to $15.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $22.1 million for the same period in 2022 primarily due to lower gross/net sales. Salaries, payroll related taxes and employee benefits were $67.8 million and $63.4 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Incentive compensation and equity awards granted to employees and directors were $67.1 million and $12.4 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $73.3 million and $13.3 million, respectively, for the same period in 2022.

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Distribution and Other Asset‑Based Expenses

The following table presents the components of distribution and other asset-based expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Broker-dealer distribution fees	$	5,114	$	5,495	$	15,428	$	17,376
Platform distribution fees		23,673		23,765		69,863		75,226
Sub-administration		4,032		4,009		11,900		12,299
Sub-advisory		2,693		3,206		8,120		10,718
Middle-office		2,648		2,544		7,847		7,852
Total distribution and other asset-based expenses	$	38,160	$	39,019	$	113,158	$	123,471

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Distribution and other asset-based expenses are primarily based on AUM. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, distribution and other asset-based expenses were $38.2 million, a decrease of $0.9 million, or 2.2%, from $39.0 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease is primarily due to a change in asset mix over the comparable period.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Distribution and other asset-based expenses were $113.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $10.3 million, or 8.4%, from $123.5 million for the same period in 2022 primarily due to a decrease in average AUM over the comparable period.

General and Administrative

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. General and administrative expenses were $13.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $12.3 million for the same period in 2022. The increase of $1.6 million, or 13.4%, was primarily due to an increase in professional fees and technology-related expenses.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, general and administrative expenses were $39.6 million and $39.0 million, respectively, for a year over year increase of $0.6 million, or 1.5%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in travel and entertainment related expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Depreciation and amortization increased by $1.6 million, or 15.4%, to $12.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $10.7 million for the same period in 2022, due to the write-down of a trade name asset primarily as a result of a change in the estimated remaining useful life.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Depreciation and amortization increased by $1.6 million, or 5.0%, to $33.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $32.1 million for the same period in 2022 due to the write-down of a trade name asset primarily as a result of a change in the estimated remaining useful life partially offset by a decrease in amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets in connection with the USAA acquisition.

Change in Value of Consideration Payable for Acquisition of Business

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. The change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business increased $20.8 million primarily due to a $7.6 million increase in the fair value of contingent consideration associated with the WestEnd Acquisition for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a decrease of $13.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Also contributing was a $4.4 million increase in the fair value of contingent consideration associated with the USAA AMCO Acquisition for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an increase of $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details on the fair value of contingent consideration payable.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. The change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business increased $59.8 million as a result of increases of $8.7 million and $10.5 million in the fair value of the contingent consideration associated with the USAA AMCO and WestEnd Acquisitions, respectively, for the nine

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months ended September 30, 2023 compared to decreases of $9.1 million and $31.5 million associated with the USAA AMCO and WestEnd Acquisitions for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details on the fair value of contingent consideration payable.

Acquistion-Related Costs

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Acquisition-related costs were $116 thousand and $189 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The acquisition-related costs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 related to legal and professional fees.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Acquisition-related costs were $134 thousand and $449 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The acquisition-related costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were related to the same factors discussed above in the quarterly section.

Restructuring and Integration Costs

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Restructuring and integration costs were $246 thousand and $56 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The restructuring and integration costs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 related to personnel restructuring due to the divestiture of certain INCORE accounts.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Restructuring and integration costs were $275 thousand and $73 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The restructuring and integration costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were related to the same factors discussed above in the quarterly section.

Interest Income and Other Income (Expense)

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, interest income and other income/(expense) was income of $1.5 million and expense of $1.4 million, respectively. The income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to dividend income. The expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to a reduction in the net unrealized fair value of deferred compensation plan investments.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, interest income and other income/(expense) was income of $5.0 million and expense of $5.1 million, respectively. The income was primarily due to dividend income and an increase in the net unrealized fair value of deferred compensation plan investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a reduction in the net unrealized fair value of deferred compensation plan investments for the same period in 2022.

Interest Expense and Other Financing Costs

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. Interest expense and other financing costs increased $4.1 million to $15.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $11.5 million for the same period in 2022 due a higher average interest rate, partially offset by a lower debt principal balance over the comparable period.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, interest expense and other financing costs were $44.7 million and $30.6 million, respectively. The year-over-year increase is primarily due to the same factors as discussed above in the quarterly section.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. The Company had no losses on debt extinguishment for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, loss on debt extinguishment was $0.4 million. Refer to Note 9, Debt, for further details on the 2019 Credit Agreement.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. The Company had no losses on debt extinguishment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, loss on debt extinguishment was $2.9 million. Refer to Note 9, Debt, for further details on the 2019 Credit Agreement.

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Income Tax Expense

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 21.1% and 14.7%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was due primarily to lower excess tax benefits on share-based compensation in 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the effective tax rate was 22.0% and 20.5%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was due the same factors as discussed above in the quarterly section. Refer to Note 8, Income Taxes, for further details on the Company's income taxes.

Supplemental Non‑GAAP Financial Information

We use non-GAAP performance measures to evaluate the underlying operations of our business. Due to our acquisitive nature, there are a number of acquisition and restructuring related expenses included in GAAP measures that we believe distort the economic value of our organization and we believe that many investors use this information when assessing the financial performance of companies in the investment management industry. We have included these non-GAAP measures to provide investors with the same financial metrics used by management to assess the operating performance of our Company. The non-GAAP measures we report are Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation from GAAP financial measures to non-GAAP measures for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures:
Net income (GAAP)	$	52,007		$	72,764		$	157,951		$	223,242
Income tax expense		(13,914	)		(12,582	)		(44,435	)		(57,643	)
Income before income taxes		65,921			85,346			202,386			280,885
Interest expense(1)		14,660			10,795			42,288			29,018
Depreciation(2)		2,302			2,030			6,569			6,086
Other business taxes(3)		636			539			1,402			1,670
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets(4)		10,032			8,657			27,094			25,969
Stock-based compensation(5)		1,451			2,230			4,993			7,723
Acquisition, restructuring and exit costs(6)		11,463			(7,842	)		23,396			(32,719	)
Debt issuance costs(7)		762			1,064			2,266			4,685
Earnings/losses from equity method investments(8)		—			759			—			825
Adjusted EBITDA	$	107,227		$	103,578		$	310,394		$	324,142

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures:
Net income (GAAP)	$	52,007		$	72,764		$	157,951		$	223,242
Adjustments to reflect the operating performance of the Company:
i. Other business taxes(3)		636			539			1,402			1,670
ii. Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets(4)		10,032			8,657			27,094			25,969
iii. Stock-based compensation(5)		1,451			2,230			4,993			7,723
iv. Acquisition, restructuring and exit costs(6)		11,463			(7,842	)		23,396			(32,719	)
v. Debt issuance costs(7)		762			1,064			2,266			4,685
Tax effect of above adjustments(9)		(6,085	)		(1,163	)		(14,786	)		(1,833	)
Adjusted Net Income	$	70,266		$	76,249		$	202,316		$	228,737
Tax benefit of goodwill and acquired intangibles(10)	$	9,536		$	9,328		$	28,597		$	27,977

Adjustments made to GAAP Net Income to calculate Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income, as applicable, are:

(1) Adding back interest paid on debt and other financing costs, net of interest income.

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(2) Adding back depreciation on property and equipment.

(3) Adding back other business taxes.

(4) Adding back amortization expense on acquisition‑related intangible assets.

(5) Adding back stock‑based compensation associated with equity awards issued from pools created in connection with the management‑led buyout and various acquisitions and as a result of equity grants related to the IPO.

(6) Adding back direct incremental costs of acquisitions, including restructuring costs.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Acquisition-related costs	$	116		$	189		$	134		$	449
Restructuring and integration costs		246			56			275			73
Change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business		10,336			(10,500	)		19,236			(40,600	)
Personnel compensation and benefits		1,365			2,413			4,351			7,359
Interest income and other income (expense)		(600	)		—			(600	)		—
Total acquisition, restructuring and exit costs	$	11,463		$	(7,842	)	$	23,396		$	(32,719	)

(7) Adding back debt issuance costs.

(8) We adjust for losses (earnings) on equity method investments.

(9) Subtracting an estimate of income tax expense applied to the sum of the adjustments above.

(10) Represents the tax benefits associated with deductions allowed for intangible assets and goodwill generated from prior acquisitions in which we received a step-up in basis for tax purposes. Acquired intangible assets and goodwill may be amortized for tax purposes, generally over a 15-year period. The tax benefit from amortization on these assets is included to show the full economic benefit of deductions for all acquired intangible assets with a step-up in tax basis. Due to our acquisitive nature, tax deductions allowed on acquired intangible assets and goodwill provide us with a significant supplemental economic benefit.

Non-GAAP measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our non-GAAP measures may differ from similar measures at other companies, even if similar terms are used to identify these measures.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary uses of cash relate to repayment of our debt obligations, funding of acquisitions and working capital needs, repurchasing of shares and payment of dividends, which are all expected to be met through cash generated from our operations and available capital resources.

The following table shows our liquidity position as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

	September 30,			December 31,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	107,987		$	38,171
Accounts and other Receivables		95,174			84,473
Undrawn commitment on revolving credit facility (1)		100,000			100,000
Accounts and other payables		(111,719	)		(109,320	)

(1) The balances at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 represent the Company’s $99.9 million revolving credit facility and a $0.1 million standby letter of credit used as collateral for THB’s real estate location.

We manage our cash balances in order to fund our day-to-day operations. Our accounts receivable consists primarily of investment management fees that have been earned but not yet received from clients, income and other taxes receivable, and amounts receivable from the funds. We perform a review of our receivables on a monthly basis to assess collectability. We maintained a $100.0 million revolving credit facility at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (under the 2019 Credit Agreement) which had approximately $100.0 million undrawn as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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2021 Debt Repricing

On February 18, 2021, the Company entered into the Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the 2019 Credit Agreement with the other loan parties thereto, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent, and the Royal Bank of Canada as fronting bank. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Company repriced the existing term loans with replacement term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $755.7 million (the “Repriced Term Loans”). The Repriced Term Loans have substantially the same terms as the previously existing term loans, including the same maturity date of July 2026, except that the Repriced Term Loans provided for a reduced applicable margin on LIBOR of 25 basis points. After the Second Amendment, the applicable margin on LIBOR under the Repriced Term Loans was 2.25%.

2021 Incremental Term Loans

On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into the Third Amendment (the “Third Amendment”) to the 2019 Credit Agreement with the guarantors party thereto, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time. Pursuant to the Third Amendment, the Company obtained incremental term loans (the “2021 Incremental Term Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount of $505.0 million and used the proceeds to fund the WestEnd Acquisition and to pay fees and expenses incurred in connection therewith. The 2021 Incremental Term Loans mature in December 2028 and bear interest at an annual rate equal to, at the option of the Company, either LIBOR (adjusted for reserves and subject to a 50 basis point floor) plus a margin of 2.25% or an alternate base rate plus a margin of 1.25%.

Original issue discount was $2.5 million for the 2021 Incremental Term Loans. The Company incurred a total of $9.1 million of other third party costs related to the 2021 Incremental Term Loans, which were recorded as term loan debt issuance costs.

2022 LIBOR to Term SOFR Rate Transition

On September 23, 2022, the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment (the “Fourth Amendment”) to the 2019 Credit Agreement to change the interest rate on the Repriced Term Loans and 2021 Incremental Term Loans from LIBOR to a rate based on SOFR plus a ten-basis point credit spread adjustment. There was no change to the applicable margin on the referenced rate as a result of the Fourth Amendment.

The LIBOR rate loans outstanding as of the Fourth Amendment’s effective date continued as LIBOR rate loans until the end of their then current interest periods. The 2021 Incremental Term Loans converted into Term SOFR loans on September 30, 2022, while the Repriced Term Loans converted into Term SOFR loans on October 6, 2022. Also on October 6, 2022, the interest periods for the Repriced Term Loans and 2021 Incremental Term Loans were aligned and the three-month Term SOFR rate was elected for all the Company’s term loans.

2020 Swap Transaction

On March 27, 2020, the Company executed a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap transaction (“Swap”) to effectively fix the interest rate at 3.465% on $450 million of its outstanding Term Loan through the Term Loan maturity date of July 2026. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Company lowered the spread on the Term Loan by 0.25% resulting in a new fixed rate of 3.215% on the $450 million of Term Loan subject to the Swap. On September 26, 2022, the Company and the Swap counterparty executed an amendment to the Swap (“the Swap Amendment”) to update LIBOR conventions to SOFR conventions and to modify the fixed rate for the change from three-month LIBOR to three-month Term SOFR effective on October 6, 2022. There was no change to the $450 million notional value, the July 1, 2026 expiration date, the quarterly payment frequency or the designated three-month maturity from the Swap Amendment. The interest rate effectively fixed by the Swap on $450 million of the Company’s outstanding term loan debt through July 1, 2026 changed from 3.215% to 3.149% as a result of the Swap Amendment.

At September 30, 2023, the $450 million notional value Swap had a fair value of $45.3 million, which was included in other assets on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a loss, net of tax, of $56 thousand and $1.2 million, respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company reclassified income of $5.1 million and $14.0 million, respectively, from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense and other financing costs on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Refer to Note 14, Derivatives, for further information on the Swap.

Contingent Consideration

At September 30, 2023, the Company had $249.6 million in contingent consideration that is estimated to be payable over the next year and three years resulting from the USAA AMCO and WestEnd Acquisitions, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded increases of $2.7 million and $8.7 million, respectively, in contingent payment liabilities associated with the USAA AMCO Acquisition and increases of $7.6 million and $10.5 million,

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respectively, in contingent payment liabilities associated WestEnd Acquisition, which is included in consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

At September 30, 2023, the contingent consideration payable for the USAA AMCO Acquisition was $36.4 million, the actual amount due to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period. At September 30, 2023, the estimated fair value of the WestEnd Acquisition contingent payments was $213.2 million, and a maximum of $320.0 million in contingent consideration ($80.0 million per year) is potentially payable to sellers.

There were no other significant changes to our contractual obligations as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Capital Requirements

Victory Capital Services is a registered broker-dealer subject to the Uniform Net Capital requirements under the Exchange Act, which requires maintenance of certain minimum net capital levels. In addition, we have certain non-U.S. subsidiaries that have minimum capital requirements. As a result, such subsidiaries of our Company may be restricted in their ability to transfer cash to their parents.

Cash Flows

The following table is derived from our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	233,190		$	268,119
Net cash used in investing activities		(6,271	)		(7,657	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(157,092	)		(263,078	)

Operating Activities – Cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $233.2 million, compared to $268.1 million of cash provided by operating activities for the same period in 2022. The $34.9 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities is due to a $65.3 million decrease in net income partially offset by a $42.2 million increase in non-cash items.

Cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $268.1 million and comprised of $223.2 million and $45.2 million of cash provided by net income and non-cash items.

Investing Activities – Cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $6.3 million and consisted of primarily of property and equipment purchases of $4.4 million and $1.9 million of net trading activity.

Cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $7.7 million and consisted of primarily of property and equipment purchases of $4.3 million, $2.5 million of net trading activity and $0.9 million for acquisition of business and assets, net of cash acquired.

Financing Activities – Cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $157.1 million and was mostly attributable to repurchases of common stock, payment of dividends, and net activity related to stock-based equity awards of $81.8 million, $64.8 million, and $10.5 million, respectively.

Cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $263.1 million and was mostly attributable to repayment of long-term debt under the 2019 Credit Agreement, repurchases of common stock, payment of dividends, and net activity related to stock-based equity awards of $134.0 million, $61.5 million, $52.1 million, and $15.5 million, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements and the notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require the use of estimates. Actual results will vary from these estimates. A discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates is included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. A complete description of our significant accounting policies is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk – Substantially all of our revenues are derived from investment management, fund administration and distribution fees, which are primarily based on the market value of our AUM. Accordingly, our revenues and net income may decline as a result of our AUM decreasing due to depreciation of our investment portfolios. In addition, such depreciation could cause our clients to withdraw their assets in favor of other investment alternatives that they perceive to offer higher returns or lower risk, which could cause our revenues and net income to decline further.

The value of our AUM was approximately $154 billion at September 30, 2023. A 10% increase or decrease in the value of our AUM, if proportionately distributed over all of our strategies, products and client relationships, would cause an annualized increase or decrease in our revenues of approximately $80.1 million at our weighted-average fee rate of 52 basis points for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Because of declining fee rates from larger relationships and differences in our fee rates across investment strategies, a change in the composition of our AUM, in particular, an increase in the proportion of our total AUM attributable to strategies, clients or relationships with lower effective fee rates, could have a material negative impact on our overall weighted-average fee rate. The same 10% increase or decrease in the value of our total AUM, if attributed entirely to a proportionate increase or decrease in the AUM of the Victory Funds, to which we provide a range of services in addition to those provided to institutional separate accounts, would cause an annualized increase or decrease in our revenues of approximately $93.9 million at the Victory Funds’ aggregate weighted-average fee rate of 61 basis points for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. If the same 10% increase or decrease in the value of our total AUM was attributable entirely to a proportionate increase or decrease in the assets of our institutional separate accounts, it would cause an annualized increase or decrease in our revenues of approximately $50.8 million at the weighted-average fee rate across all of our institutional separate accounts of 33 basis points for the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

As is customary in the investment management industry, clients invest in particular strategies to gain exposure to certain asset classes, which exposes their investment to the benefits and risks of those asset classes. We believe our clients invest in each of our strategies in order to gain exposure to the portfolio securities of the respective strategies and may implement their own risk management program or procedures. We have not adopted a corporate‑level risk management policy regarding client assets, nor have we attempted to hedge at the corporate level or within individual strategies the market risks that would affect the value of our overall AUM and related revenues. Some of these risks, such as sector and currency risks, are inherent in certain strategies, and clients may invest in particular strategies to gain exposure to particular risks. While negative returns in our strategies and net client cash outflows do not directly reduce the assets on our balance sheet (because the assets we manage are owned by our clients, not us), any reduction in the value of our AUM would result in a reduction in our revenues.

Exchange Rate Risk – A portion of the accounts that we advise hold investments that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. To the extent our AUM is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the value of that AUM will decrease with an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar, or increase with a decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar. Each investment team monitors its own exposure to exchange rate risk and makes decisions on how to manage that risk in the portfolios they manage. We believe many of our clients invest in those strategies in order to gain exposure to non‑U.S. currencies, or may implement their own hedging programs. As a result, we generally do not hedge an investment portfolio’s exposure to non‑U.S. currency.

We have not adopted a corporate-level risk management policy to manage this exchange rate risk. Assuming 10% of our AUM are invested in securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and excluding the impact of any hedging arrangement, a 10% increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar would decrease or increase the fair value of our AUM by approximately $1.5 billion, which would cause an annualized increase or decrease in revenues of approximately $7.8 million at our weighted-average fee rate for the business of 52 basis points for the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

We operate in several foreign countries and incur operating expenses associated with these operations. In addition, we have revenue and revenue-sharing arrangements that are denominated in non-U.S. currencies. We do not believe foreign currency fluctuations materially affect our results of operations.

Interest Rate Risk – Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. On March 27, 2020, the Company executed the Swap, a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap transaction, to effectively fix the interest rate at 3.465% on $450 million of its outstanding Original Term Loan through the Original Term Loan maturity date of July 2026. On September 26, 2022, the Company and the Swap counterparty executed an amendment to the Swap to update LIBOR conventions to SOFR conventions and to modify the fixed rate for the change from three-month LIBOR to three-month Term SOFR effective on October 6, 2022. There was no change to the $450 million notional value, the July 1, 2026 expiration date, the quarterly payment frequency or the designated three-month maturity from the Swap Amendment. The interest rate effectively fixed by the Swap on $450 million

42

of the Company’s outstanding term loan debt through July 1, 2026 changed from 3.22% to 3.15% as a result of the Swap Amendment. Refer to Note 14, Derivatives, for further information on the Swap. At September 30, 2023, we were exposed to interest rate risk as a result of the unhedged amounts outstanding under the 2019 Credit Agreement, as amended. Refer to Note 9, Debt, for a description of the amounts outstanding as of such date and the applicable interest rate.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) at September 30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

43

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the SEC and the information contained in this report. The declaration, payment and determination of the amount of our quarterly dividends may change at any time. In making decisions regarding our quarterly dividends, we consider general economic and business conditions, our strategic plans and prospects, our businesses and investment opportunities, our financial condition and operating results, working capital requirements and anticipated cash needs, contractual restrictions (including under the terms of our 2019 Credit Agreement as amended) and legal, tax, regulatory and such other factors as we may deem relevant. There have been no material changes to the risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) Issuer purchases of equity securities.

In March 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program (the “2023 Share Repurchase Program”) authorizing the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of the Company’s Common Stock. Under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program, which took effect in March 2023, the Company may purchase its shares from time to time through March 31, 2025 in privately negotiated transactions, through block trades, pursuant to open market purchases, or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the SEC. The amount and timing of purchases under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program will depend on a number of factors including the price and availability of the Company’s shares, trading volume, capital availability, Company performance and general economic and market conditions. The 2023 Share Repurchase Program can be suspended or discontinued at any time. The former $100.0 million share repurchase program, which took effect in May 2022, was completed in March 2023.

The Company did not make any repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 2.4 million shares of Common Stock at a total cost of $77.3 million, which included $0.5 million of excise taxes payable on shares repurchased, for an average price of $32.05. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.8 million and 1.8 million shares were repurchased at a total cost of $22.8 million and $49.2 million for an average price of $27.86 and $28.06.

As of September 30, 2023, a total of $51.9 million was available for future repurchases under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program, and a cumulative total of 9.5 million shares of Common Stock had been repurchased under programs authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors at a total cost of $238.6 million for an average price of $25.07 per share.

The following table sets out information regarding purchases of equity securities by the Company for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

							Approximate Dollar Value
	Total Number of				Total Number of Shares of		That May Yet Be Purchased
	Shares of		Average Price		Stock Purchased as Part of		Under Outstanding
	Common Stock		Paid Per Share		Publicly Announced		Plans or Programs
Period	Purchased		of Common Stock		Plans or Programs		(in millions)
July 1-31, 2023		—	$	—		—	$	51.9
August 1-31, 2023		—		—		—	$	51.9
September 1-30, 2023		—		—		—	$	51.9
Total		—	$	—		—

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

44

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
101	The following information formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (v) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and, (vi) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

45

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 3rd day of November, 2023.

VICTORY CAPITAL HOLDINGS, INC.
By:	/s/ MICHAEL D. POLICARPO
	Name:	Michael D. Policarpo
	Title:	President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

46

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, David C. Brown, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10‑Q of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 3, 2023

By:	/s/ DAVID C. BROWN
	David C. Brown
	Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Michael D. Policarpo, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10‑Q of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 3, 2023

By:	/s/ MICHAEL D. POLICARPO
	Michael D. Policarpo
	President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CEO PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES‑OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, David C. Brown, Chief Executive Officer of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify pursuant to Section 1350 of chapter 63 of title 18 of the United States Code, and Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q of the Company to which this Exhibit is attached (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ DAVID C. BROWN

David C. Brown

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

November 3, 2023

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CFO PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES‑OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Michael D. Policarpo, President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify pursuant to Section 1350 of chapter 63 of title 18 of the United States Code, and Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q of the Company to which this Exhibit is attached (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ MICHAEL D. POLICARPO

Michael D. Policarpo

President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

November 3, 2023

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Victory Capital Holdings, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001570827
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		65,989,429
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value
Trading Symbol	VCTR
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Tax Identification Number	32-0402956
Entity File Number	001-38388
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	15935 La Cantera Parkway
Entity Address, City or Town	San Antonio
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	78256
City Area Code	216
Local Phone Number	898-2400
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 107,987	$ 38,171
Receivables	95,174	84,473
Prepaid expenses	6,458	8,443
Investments, at fair value	29,858	27,266
Property and equipment, net	21,203	21,146
Goodwill	981,805	981,805
Other intangible assets, net	1,287,542	1,314,637
Other assets	61,778	64,958
Total assets	2,591,805	2,540,899
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	59,552	50,862
Accrued compensation and benefits	52,167	58,458
Consideration payable for acquisition of business	249,636	230,400
Deferred tax liability, net	124,995	108,138
Other liabilities	40,996	42,117
Long-term debt, net	988,323	985,514
Total liabilities	1,515,669	1,475,489
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share: 2023 - 600,000,000 shares authorized, 82,224,284 shares issued and 65,911,628 shares outstanding; 2022 - 600,000,000 shares authorized, 80,528,137 shares issued and 67,325,534 shares outstanding	822	805
Additional paid-in capital	723,252	705,466
Treasury stock, at cost: 2023 - 16,312,656 shares; 2022 - 13,202,603 shares	(384,462)	(285,425)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	34,220	35,442
Retained earnings	702,304	609,122
Total stockholders' equity	1,076,136	1,065,410
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 2,591,805	$ 2,540,899

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	82,224,284	80,528,137
Common stock, shares outstanding	65,911,628	67,325,534
Treasury stock, shares	16,312,656	13,202,603

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 209,688	$ 207,260	$ 615,234	$ 653,285
Expenses
Personnel compensation and benefits	54,501	56,869	167,043	179,352
Distribution and other asset-based expenses	38,160	39,019	113,158	123,471
General and administrative	13,947	12,301	39,585	38,984
Depreciation and amortization	12,333	10,686	33,663	32,051
Change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business	10,336	(10,500)	19,236	(40,600)
Acquisition-related costs	116	189	134	449
Restructuring and integration costs	246	56	275	73
Total operating expenses	129,639	108,620	373,094	333,780
Income from operations	80,049	98,640	242,140	319,505
Other income (expense)
Interest income and other income (expense)	1,452	(1,446)	4,967	(5,096)
Interest expense and other financing costs	(15,580)	(11,479)	(44,721)	(30,637)
Loss on debt extinguishment	0	(369)	0	(2,887)
Total other expense, net	(14,128)	(13,294)	(39,754)	(38,620)
Income before income taxes	65,921	85,346	202,386	280,885
Income tax expense	(13,914)	(12,582)	(44,435)	(57,643)
Net income	$ 52,007	$ 72,764	$ 157,951	$ 223,242
Earnings per share of common stock
Basic	$ 0.79	$ 1.06	$ 2.38	$ 3.25
Diluted	$ 0.77	$ 1.01	$ 2.30	$ 3.07
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic	65,774	68,609	66,504	68,625
Diluted	67,676	71,877	68,636	72,797
Dividends declared per share of common stock	$ 0.32	$ 0.25	$ 0.96	$ 0.75
Investment Management Fees
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 163,953	$ 160,770	$ 480,199	$ 508,364
Fund Administration and Distribution Fees
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 45,735	$ 46,490	$ 135,035	$ 144,921

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss)	$ 52,007	$ 72,764	$ 157,951	$ 223,242
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Net unrealized income (loss) on cash flow hedges	(56)	10,024	(1,225)	31,514
Net unrealized income (loss) on foreign currency translation	(11)	(78)	3	(365)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(67)	9,946	(1,222)	31,149
Comprehensive income	$ 51,940	$ 82,710	$ 156,729	$ 254,391

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Earnings
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 929,927	$ 772	$ (153,200)	$ 673,572	$ 5,972	$ 402,811
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock	69			69
Repurchase of shares	(9,437)		(9,437)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards	(9,317)		(9,317)
Vesting of restricted share grants		5		(5)
Exercise of options	1,233	2		1,231
Other comprehensive income (loss)	16,199				16,199
Share-based compensation	3,945			3,945
Dividends paid	(17,618)					(17,618)
Net Income (Loss)	71,273					71,273
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2022	986,274	779	(171,954)	678,812	22,171	456,466
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2021	929,927	772	(153,200)	673,572	5,972	402,811
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Other comprehensive income (loss)	31,149				31,149
Net Income (Loss)	223,242
Balance at end of period at Sep. 30, 2022	1,067,009	803	(243,901)	699,242	37,121	573,744
Balance at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2022	986,274	779	(171,954)	678,812	22,171	456,466
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock	80			80
Repurchase of shares	(16,908)		(16,908)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards	(4,839)		(4,839)
Vesting of restricted share grants		1		(1)
Exercise of options	1,691	4		1,687
Other comprehensive income (loss)	5,004				5,004
Share-based compensation	4,965			4,965
Dividends paid	(17,291)					(17,291)
Net Income (Loss)	79,205					79,205
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2022	1,038,181	784	(193,701)	685,543	27,175	518,380
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock	64			64
Repurchase of shares	(22,827)		(22,827)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards	(27,373)		(27,373)
Vesting of restricted share grants		2		(2)
Exercise of options	9,302	17		9,285
Other comprehensive income (loss)	9,946
Share-based compensation	4,352			4,352
Dividends paid	(17,400)					(17,400)
Net Income (Loss)	72,764					72,764
Balance at end of period at Sep. 30, 2022	1,067,009	803	(243,901)	699,242	37,121	573,744
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	1,065,410	805	(285,425)	705,466	35,442	609,122
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock	60			60
Repurchase of shares	(32,903)		(32,903)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards	(11,656)		(11,656)
Vesting of restricted share grants		7		(7)
Exercise of options	1,710	3		1,707
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(5,068)				(5,068)
Share-based compensation	4,252			4,252
Dividends paid	(22,524)					(22,524)
Net Income (Loss)	49,273					49,273
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2023	1,048,554	815	(329,984)	711,478	30,374	635,871
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	1,065,410	805	(285,425)	705,466	35,442	609,122
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,222)				(1,222)
Net Income (Loss)	157,951
Balance at end of period at Sep. 30, 2023	1,076,136	822	(384,462)	723,252	34,220	702,304
Balance at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2023	1,048,554	815	(329,984)	711,478	30,374	635,871
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock	51			51
Repurchase of shares	(44,496)		(44,496)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards	(3,190)		(3,190)
Exercise of options	1,439	2		1,437
Other comprehensive income (loss)	3,913				3,913
Share-based compensation	4,242			4,242
Dividends paid	(21,083)					(21,083)
Net Income (Loss)	56,671					56,671
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2023	1,046,101	817	(377,670)	717,208	34,287	671,459
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock	78			78
Repurchase of shares	(98)		(98)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards	6,890		(6,890)
Vesting of restricted share grants		1		(1)
Exercise of options	2,076	4		2,072
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(67)				(67)
Share-based compensation	3,895			3,895
Dividends paid	(21,162)					21,162
Net Income (Loss)	52,007					52,007
Balance at end of period at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 1,076,136	$ 822	$ (384,462)	$ 723,252	$ 34,220	$ 702,304

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$ 157,951	$ 223,242
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for deferred income taxes	17,232	30,339
Depreciation and amortization	33,663	32,051
Deferred financing costs and derivative and accretion expense	3,171	3,395
Stock-based and deferred compensation	15,135	10,774
Change in fair value of contingent consideration obligations	19,236	(40,600)
Unrealized (appreciation) depreciation on investments	(693)	5,307
Noncash lease expense	(340)	263
Loss on equity method investment	0	825
Loss on debt extinguishment	0	2,887
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(10,681)	16,781
Prepaid expenses	(358)	(667)
Other assets	(2,220)	(1,540)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	8,388	(11,427)
Accrued compensation and benefits	(7,125)	(2,567)
Other liabilities	(169)	(944)
Net cash provided by operating activities	233,190	268,119
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(4,373)	(4,286)
Purchases of investments	(9,362)	(17,696)
Sales of investments	7,464	15,205
Acquisition of business and assets, net of cash acquired	0	(880)
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,271)	(7,657)
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common stock	5,414	12,439
Repurchase of common stock	(81,821)	(61,493)
Payments of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards	(15,916)	(27,897)
Repayments of long-term senior debt	0	(134,000)
Payment of dividends	(64,769)	(52,127)
Net cash used in financing activities	(157,092)	(263,078)
Effect of changes of foreign exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents	(11)	(248)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	69,816	(2,864)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	38,171	69,533
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	107,987	66,669
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	51,181	24,118
Cash paid for income taxes	34,007	26,117
Noncash items
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 0	$ 3,984

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ 52,007	$ 56,671	$ 49,273	$ 72,764	$ 79,205	$ 71,273	$ 157,951	$ 223,242

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Insider Trading Arrangements	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Organization and Nature of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Nature of Business

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS

Victory Capital Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (along with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, collectively referred to as the “Company,” “Victory,” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us,” and “our”), was formed on February 13, 2013 for the purpose of acquiring Victory Capital Management Inc. (“VCM”) and Victory Capital Services, Inc. (“VCS”), formerly known as Victory Capital Advisers, Inc., which occurred on August 1, 2013. On February 12, 2018, the Company completed the initial public offering (the “IPO”) of its Common Stock, which trades on the NASDAQ under the symbol “VCTR.”

On July 1, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition (the “USAA AMCO Acquisition” or “USAA AMCO”) of USAA Asset Management Company and Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (“VCTA”), formerly known as the USAA Transfer Agency Company d/b/a USAA Shareholder Account Services. The USAA AMCO Acquisition included USAA’s mutual fund and ETF businesses and its 529 Education Savings Plan.

On November 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of New Energy Capital Partners (“NEC”). Founded in 2004 and based in Hanover, New Hampshire, NEC is an alternative asset management firm focused on debt and equity investments in clean energy infrastructure projects and companies.

On December 31, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of WestEnd Advisors, LLC (“WestEnd”). Founded in 2004, and headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, WestEnd is an ETF strategist advisor that provides financial advisors with a turnkey, core model allocation strategy for either a holistic solution or complementary source of alpha. The firm offers four primary ETF strategies and one large cap core strategy, all in tax efficient Separately Managed Account (SMA) structures. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details on the USAA AMCO, NEC and WestEnd acquisitions.

VCM is a registered investment adviser managing assets through mutual funds, institutional separate accounts, separately managed account products, unified managed account products, third-party ETF model strategies, collective trust funds, private funds, undertakings for the collective investment in transferrable securities, other pooled vehicles and ETFs.

VCM also provides mutual fund administrative services for the Victory Portfolios, Victory Variable Insurance Funds, the mutual fund series of the Victory Portfolios II and the Victory Portfolios III (collectively, the “Victory Funds”), a family of open-end mutual funds, and the VictoryShares (the Company’s ETF brand). Additionally, VCM employs all of the Company’s United States investment professionals across its Franchises and Solutions, which are not separate legal entities. VCM’s wholly-owned subsidiaries include RS Investment Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., RS Investments (UK) Limited, Victory Capital Digital Assets, LLC and NEC Pipeline LLC. RS Investments (Hong Kong) Limited, VCM’s other wholly-owned subsidiary, ceased operations on May 31, 2023.

VCS is registered with the SEC as an introducing broker-dealer and serves as distributor and underwriter for the Victory Funds, which includes the mutual funds of the Victory Portfolios III (the “Victory Funds III”) and the USAA 529 Education Savings Plan. VCS is also the placement agent for certain private funds managed by VCM.

VCTA is registered with the SEC as a transfer agent for the Victory Funds III.

WestEnd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc., is the Company’s second registered investment adviser.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. Our involvement with non-consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) includes sponsored investment funds and, in 2022, an equity method investment.

For further discussion regarding VIEs, refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. For further discussion on the equity method investment, refer to Note 13, Equity Method Investment, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Intangible Assets

Management periodically evaluates the remaining useful lives and carrying values of the Company’s intangible assets to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that a change in the useful life or impairment in value may have occurred. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a $3.8 million impairment loss on an indefinite-lived trade name asset to reduce the asset’s carrying amount to its estimated fair value and to change the asset’s estimated remaining useful life. The remaining book value of the asset is being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period that is shorter than the asset’s economic life. The impairment loss is recorded in depreciation and amortization in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For further discussion regarding the Company's intangible asset policy, refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements and the notes. Actual results may ultimately differ materially from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023

•Expected Credit Losses: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 creates a new model for determining current expected credit losses (“CECL”) on trade and other receivables, net investments in leases, contract assets and long-term receivables. The CECL impairment model requires companies to consider the risk of loss even if it is remote and to include forecasts of future economic conditions as well as information about past events and current conditions. The effective date for calendar-year public business entities was January 1, 2020. As an EGC, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

•Fair Value Measurements: In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” to clarify guidance for determining the fair value of certain equity securities and eliminate diversity in practice. ASU 2022-03 states that contractual sale restrictions should not be considered when measuring the fair value of an equity security and requires new disclosures for entities with equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. As the Company will lose its EGC status as of December 31, 2023, the Company will adopt ASU 2022-03 on January 1, 2024, the effective date for calendar-year public business entities. Because the Company does not have equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions, ASU 2022-03 is not expected to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

NOTE 3. Revenue RECOGNITION

In accordance with revenue recognition standard requirements, the following table disaggregates our revenue by type and product:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2023			2022
Investment management fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	112,816	$	112,467		$	330,921		$	357,294
ETFs (VictoryShares)		5,200		5,324			15,901			15,274
Separate accounts and other vehicles		44,736		43,031			129,971			137,643
Performance-based fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds III)		1,087		244			3,489			(1,039	)
Separate accounts and other vehicles		114		(296	)		(83	)		(808	)
Total investment management fees		163,953		160,770			480,199			508,364
Fund administration and distribution fees
Administration fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	25,644		25,566		$	74,947			80,287
ETFs (VictoryShares)		725		673			2,159			2,095
Distribution fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)		5,648		6,036			16,978			19,172
Transfer agent fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds III)		13,718		14,215			40,951			43,367
Total fund administration and distribution fees		45,735		46,490			135,035			144,921
Total revenue	$	209,688	$	207,260		$	615,234		$	653,285

The following table presents balances of receivables:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Customer receivables
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	52,878	$	53,835
ETFs (VictoryShares)		2,005		2,239
Separate accounts and other vehicles		31,183		26,652
Receivables from contracts with customers		86,066		82,726
Non-customer receivables		9,108		1,747
Total receivables	$	95,174	$	84,473

Revenue

The Company’s revenue includes fees earned from providing;

•investment management services,

•fund administration services,

•fund transfer agent services, and

•fund distribution services.

Revenue is recognized for each distinct performance obligation identified in customer contracts when the performance obligation has been satisfied by transferring services to a customer either over time or at the point in time when the customer obtains control of the service. Revenue is recognized in the amount of variable or fixed consideration allocated to the satisfied performance obligation that Victory expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring services to a customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only when it is probable that a significant reversal of such revenue will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Investment management, fund administration and fund distribution fees are generally considered variable consideration as they are typically calculated as a percentage of AUM. Fund transfer agent fees are also considered variable consideration

as they are calculated as a percentage of AUM or based on the number of accounts in the fund. In such cases, the amount of fees earned is subject to factors outside of the Company’s control including customer or underlying investor contributions and redemptions and financial market volatility. These fees are considered constrained and are excluded from the transaction price until the asset values or number of accounts on which the customer is billed are calculated and the value of consideration is measurable.

The Company has contractual arrangements with third parties to provide certain advisory, administration, transfer agent and distribution services. Management considers whether we are acting as the principal service provider or as an agent to determine whether revenue should be recorded based on the gross amount payable by the customer or net of payments to third-party service providers, respectively. Victory is considered a principal service provider if we control the service that is transferred to the customer. We are considered an agent when we arrange for the service to be provided by another party and do not control the service.

Investment Management Fees

Investment management fees are received in exchange for investment management services that represent a series of distinct incremental days of investment management service. Control of investment management services is transferred to the customers over time as these customers receive and consume the benefits provided by these services. Investment management fees are calculated as a contractual percentage of AUM and are generally paid in arrears on a monthly or quarterly basis.

AUM represents the financial assets the Company manages for clients on either a discretionary or non-discretionary basis. In general, AUM reflects the valuation methodology that corresponds to the basis used for determining revenue such as net asset value for the Victory Funds and certain other pooled funds and account market value for separate accounts. For the NEC Funds, AUM represents limited partner capital commitments during the commitment period of the fund. Following the earlier of the termination of the commitment period and the beginning of any commitment period for a successor fund, AUM generally represents, depending on the fund, the lesser of a) the net asset value of the fund and b) the aggregated adjusted cost basis of each unrealized portfolio investment or the limited partner capital commitments reduced by the amount of capital contributions used to make portfolio investments that have been disposed.

Investment management fees are recognized as revenue using a time-based output method to measure progress. Revenue is recorded at month end or quarter end when the value of consideration is measured. The amount of investment management fee revenue varies from one reporting period to another as levels of AUM change (from inflows, outflows and market movements) and as the number of days in the reporting period change.

The Company may waive certain fees for investment management services provided to the Victory Funds, VictoryShares and other pooled investment vehicles and may subsidize certain share classes of the Victory Funds, VictoryShares and other pooled investment vehicles to ensure that specified operating expenses attributable to such share classes do not exceed a specified percentage. These waivers and reimbursements reduce the transaction price allocated to investment management services and are recognized as a reduction to investment management fees revenue. The amounts due to the Victory Funds, VictoryShares and other pooled investment vehicles for waivers and expense reimbursements represent consideration payable to customers, which is recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and no distinct services are received in exchange for these payments.

Performance-based investment management fees, which include fees under performance fee and fulcrum fee arrangements, are included in the transaction price for providing investment management services. Performance-based investment management fees are calculated as a percentage of investment performance on a client’s account versus a specified benchmark or hurdle based on the terms of the contract with the customer. Performance-based investment management fees are variable consideration and are recognized as revenue when and to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative revenue for the contractual performance period will not occur. Performance-based investment management fees recognized as revenue in the current period may pertain to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods. Fulcrum fee arrangements include a performance fee adjustment that increases or decreases the total investment management fee depending on whether the assets being managed experienced better or worse investment performance than the index specified in the customer’s contract. The performance fee adjustment arrangement with certain equity and fixed income Victory Funds III took effect on July 1, 2020 and is calculated monthly based on the investment performance of those funds relative to their specified benchmark indexes over the discrete performance period ending with that month.

Fund Administration Fees

The Company recognizes fund administration fees as revenue using a time-based output method to measure progress. Fund administration fees are determined based on the contractual rate applied to average daily net assets of the Victory

Funds and VictoryShares for which administration services are provided. Revenue is recorded on a monthly basis when the value of consideration is measured using actual average daily net assets and constraints are removed. The Company’s fund administration fee revenue is recorded in fund administration and distribution fees in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company has contractual arrangements with a third party to provide certain sub-administration services. We are the primary obligor under the contracts with the Victory Funds and VictoryShares and have the ability to select the service provider and establish pricing. As a result, fund administration fees and sub-administration expenses are recorded on a gross basis.

Fund Transfer Agent Fees

The Company recognizes fund transfer agent fees using a time-based output method to measure progress. Fund transfer agent fees are determined based on the contractual rate applied to either the average daily net assets of the Victory Funds III for which transfer agent services are provided or number of accounts in the Victory Funds III. Revenue is recorded on a monthly basis when the value of consideration is measured using actual average daily net assets or actual number of accounts and constraints are removed. The Company’s fund transfer agent fee revenue is recorded in fund administration and distribution fees in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company also receives fees for sub-transfer agency services under contracts with the Victory Funds for member class shares. Sub-transfer agency fees are recognized and recorded in a manner similar to fund transfer agent fees and are recorded in fund administration and distribution fees in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company has contractual arrangements with a third party to provide certain sub-transfer agent services. As the Company is the primary obligor under the transfer agency contracts with the Victory Funds III and has the ability to select the service provider and establish pricing, fund transfer agent fees and sub-transfer agent expenses are recorded on a gross basis.

Fund Distribution Fees

The Company receives compensation for sales and sales-related services promised under distribution contracts with the Victory Funds. Revenue is measured in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for providing distribution services. Distribution fees are generally calculated as a percentage of average net assets in the Victory Funds. The Company’s performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time when control of the services is transferred to customers, which is upon investor subscription or redemption.

Based on the nature of the calculation, the revenue for these services is accounted for as variable consideration. The Company may recognize distribution fee revenue in the current period that pertains to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods as variable consideration is recognized only when uncertainties are resolved. The Company’s distribution fee revenue is recorded in fund administration and distribution fees in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company has contractual arrangements with third parties to provide certain distribution services. The Company is the primary obligor under the contracts with the Victory Funds and has the ability to select the service provider and establish pricing. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is recorded gross of payments made to third parties.

Costs Incurred to Obtain or Fulfill Customer Contracts

The Company is required to capitalize certain costs directly related to the acquisition or fulfillment of a contact with a customer. Victory has not identified any sales-based compensation or similar costs that meet the definition of an incremental cost to acquire a contract and as such we have no intangible assets related to contract acquisitions.

Direct costs incurred to fulfill services under the Company’s distribution contracts include sales commissions paid to third party dealers for the sale of Class C Shares. The Company may pay upfront sales commissions to dealers and institutions that sell Class C shares of the participating Victory Funds at the time of such sale. Upfront sales commission payments with respect to Class C shares equal 1.00% of the purchase price of the Class C shares sold by the dealer or institution. When the Company makes an upfront payment to a dealer or institution for the sale of Class C shares, the Company capitalizes the cost of such payment, which is recorded in prepaid expenses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortizes the cost over a 12-month period, the estimated period of benefit.

Valuation of AUM and fund investments

The fair value of assets under management of the Victory Funds and VictoryShares is primarily determined using quoted market prices or independent third-party pricing services or broker price quotes. In certain circumstances, a quotation or price evaluation is not readily available from a pricing service. In these cases, pricing is determined by management based

on a prescribed valuation process that has been approved by the directors/trustees of the sponsored products. The same prescribed valuation process is used to price securities in separate accounts and the Company’s other non-alternative investment vehicles for which a quotation or price evaluation is not readily available from a pricing service.

The fair value of Level III assets held by alternative investment vehicles is determined under the respective valuation policy for each fund. The valuation policies address the fact that substantially all the investments of a fund may not have readily available market information and therefore the fair value for these assets is typically determined using unobservable inputs and models that may include subjective assumptions. AUM reported by the Company for alternative investment vehicles may not necessarily equal the funds’ net asset values or the total fair value of the funds’ portfolio investments as AUM represents the basis for calculating management fees.

For the periods presented, less than one percent of the Company’s total AUM were Level III assets priced without using a quoted market price, broker price quote or pricing service quotation.

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Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

NOTE 4. ACQUISITIONS

USAA AMCO Acquisition

Under the terms of the USAA AMCO Acquisition purchase agreement, a maximum of $150.0 million ($37.5 million per year) in contingent payments is payable to sellers based on the annual revenue of USAA Asset Management Company attributable to all “non-managed money”-related AUM in each of the first four years following the closing. To receive any contingent payment in respect of “non-managed money”-related assets for a given year, annual revenue from “non-managed money”-related assets must be at least 80% of the revenue run-rate (as calculated under the Stock Purchase Agreement) of the USAA Asset Management Company's “non-managed money”-related assets under management as of the closing date, and to achieve the maximum contingent payment for a given year, such annual revenue must total at least 100% of that closing date revenue run-rate.

As of September 30, 2023, contingent consideration payable to sellers was $36.4 million, the actual amount due to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period. At December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of contingent consideration payable to sellers of $27.7 million was determined using a real options method, where revenue related to “non-managed money” assets was simulated in a risk-neutral framework to calculate expected probability-weighted earn out payments, which were then discounted from the expected payment dates at the relevant cost of debt. Contingent consideration payable to sellers is recorded in consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The increase in the liability of $2.7 million and $8.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the increase in the liability of $2.7 million and a decrease in the liability of $9.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were recorded in change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NEC Acquisition

On November 1, 2021, VCM completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests in NEC. Founded in 2004 and based in Hanover, New Hampshire, NEC is an alternative asset management firm focused on debt and equity investments in clean energy infrastructure projects and companies through private closed-end funds (the “NEC Funds”).

Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the Company will pay up to an additional $35.0 million in cash based on net revenue growth over a six-year period following the closing date. The purchase agreement specifies net revenue and payment targets for the 36-month, 48-month and 60-month periods beginning on November 30, 2021 (the “Start Date”) for the contingent payments. It also provides for advance payments and catch-up payments to be made based on actual NEC net management fee revenue, as defined in the purchase agreement, as measured at the end of each 12 month anniversary of the Start Date over a six year period. The maximum amount of contingent payments is due, less any contingent payments previously paid, upon the occurrence of certain specified events within a five year period following the Start Date.

The Company determined that substantially all of the contingent payments payable per the NEC purchase agreement represent compensation for post-closing services. Accordingly, these contingent payments were excluded from the purchase price for the NEC Acquisition. The Company records compensation expense over the estimated service period in an amount equal to the total contingent payments currently forecasted to be paid. NEC contingent payment compensation expense is included in personnel compensation and benefits in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $1.4 million and $4.4 million in NEC contingent payment compensation expense, respectively. Expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.7 million and $5.4 million, respectively.

The liability for NEC contingent payments totaled $12.5 million and $8.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in accrued compensation and benefits in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

WestEnd Acquisition

On December 31, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of WestEnd. Founded in 2004, and headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, WestEnd is an ETF strategist advisor that provides financial advisors with a turnkey, core model allocation strategy for either a holistic solution or complementary source of alpha. The firm offers four primary ETF strategies and one large cap core strategy in separately managed account structures.

The aggregate purchase price (the “WestEnd Purchase Price”) for the WestEnd Acquisition was $716.1 million, net of cash acquired, which included (i) $475.8 million in cash paid at closing (the “WestEnd Closing”) net of cash acquired, plus the acquisition date value of contingent payments due to sellers of $239.7 million plus $0.6 million paid in cash in April 2022 for net working capital adjustments. The contingent earn-out payments are based on net revenue of the WestEnd business during each of the first four years following the WestEnd Closing, subject to certain “catch-up” provisions over a five and one-half year period following the WestEnd Closing. A maximum of $320.0 million ($80.0 million per year) is payable to sellers in contingent payments.

A total of $2.9 million of the cash paid at closing was placed in escrow. In April 2022, the $0.5 million of escrow funds reserved for purchase price adjustments was released to sellers. In February 2023, the remaining $2.4 million of escrow funds was released to sellers.

The purchase price of $716.1 million was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of the WestEnd Acquisition. The Company used an independent valuation specialist to assist with the determination of fair value for certain of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities disclosed below.

The excess purchase price over the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed of $536.0 million was recorded to goodwill in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, all of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill arising from the acquisition primarily results from revenue synergies expected from combining WestEnd and Victory distribution platforms and sales efforts.

The estimated fair value for contingent consideration payable to sellers is estimated using the real options method. WestEnd net revenue growth is simulated in a risk-neutral framework to calculate expected probability-weighted earn out payments, which are then discounted from the expected payment dates at the relevant cost of debt. Significant assumptions and inputs include the WestEnd net revenue projected annual growth rate, the market price of risk adjustment for revenue, which adjusts the projected revenue growth rate to a risk-neutral expected growth rate, revenue volatility and discount rate. The market price of risk adjustment for revenue and revenue volatility are based on data for comparable companies. As the contingent consideration represents a subordinate, unsecured claim of the Company, the Company assesses a discount rate which incorporates adjustments for credit risk and the subordination of the contingent consideration.

The fair value of contingent consideration payable to sellers was estimated at $213.2 million as of September 30, 2023 and $202.7 million as of December 31, 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the change in the liability was an increase of $7.6 million and $10.5 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the liability decreased by $13.2 million and $31.5 million, respectively. The impact of increasing or decreasing the valuation of the contingent consideration liability is recorded in change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Significant inputs to the valuation of contingent consideration payable to sellers as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows and are approximate values:

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Net revenue 5 year average annual growth rate		24	%		28	%
Market price of risk adjustment for revenue (continuous)		8	%		11	%
Revenue volatility		21	%		20	%
Discount rate		8	%		8	%
Years remaining in earn out period		4.1			4.8
Undiscounted estimated remaining earn out payments $ millions	$247 - $320			$247 - $320

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

NOTE 5. Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities. Fair value is determined based on the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value determinations utilize a valuation hierarchy based upon the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability.

Classification within the fair value hierarchy contains three levels:

•Level 1—Valuation inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2—Valuation inputs are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and other observable inputs directly or indirectly related to the asset or liability being measured.

•Level 3—Valuation inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management's own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	As of September 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets
Money market funds	$	98,769		$	98,769	$	—	$	—
Investments in proprietary funds		490			490		—		—
Deferred compensation plan investments		29,368			29,368		—		—
Interest rate swap asset		45,314			—		45,314		—
Total Financial Assets	$	173,941		$	128,627	$	45,314	$	—
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements		(249,636	)		—		—		(249,636	)
Total Financial Liabilities	$	(249,636	)	$	—	$	—	$	(249,636	)

	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets
Money market fund	$	24,575		$	24,575	$	—	$	—
Investments in proprietary funds		466			466		—		—
Deferred compensation plan investments		26,800			26,800		—		—
Interest rate swap asset		46,931			—		46,931		—
Total Financial Assets	$	98,772		$	51,841	$	46,931	$	—
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements		(230,400	)		—		—		(230,400	)
Total Financial Liabilities	$	(230,400	)	$	—	$	—	$	(230,400	)

Level 1 assets consist of money market funds and open-end mutual funds. The fair values for these assets are determined utilizing quoted market prices for identical assets.

The interest rate swap (the “Swap”) asset represents amounts receivable under a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap transaction entered into by the Company on March 27, 2020. The fair value of the Swap is included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in other assets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Pricing was determined based on a third party, model-derived valuation in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets (Level 2). Refer to Note 14, Derivatives, for further detail on the Swap.

Contingent consideration arrangements include the USAA AMCO and WestEnd earn-out payment liabilities at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Contingent consideration arrangements are included in consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of September 30, 2023, the USAA AMCO Acquisition earn-out payment liability represents the actual amount due to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period ended July 31, 2023.

Significant unobservable inputs for the option pricing model used to determine the estimated fair value of the WestEnd Acquisition earn-out payment liability include the WestEnd net revenue projected growth rate, revenue volatility, market price of risk and discount rate.

For the WestEnd contingent consideration arrangement, an increase in the projected growth rate for revenue results in a higher fair value for the earn-out payment liability while an increase in the discount rate results in a lower fair value for the earnout payment liability. An increase in the market price of risk and revenue volatility results in a lower fair value. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for further details related to the valuation of contingent consideration payable related to the WestEnd Acquisition.

Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration arrangement liabilities, realized or unrealized, are recorded in earnings and are included in change in value of consideration payable for acquisition of business in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table presents the balance of the change in contingent consideration arrangement liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

(in thousands)	Contingent Consideration Liabilities
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	230,400
USAA AMCO change in fair value measurement		8,736
WestEnd change in fair value measurement		10,500
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	249,636

There were no transfers between any of the Level 1, 2 and 3 categories in the fair value measurement hierarchy from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023. The Company recognizes transfers at the end of the reporting period.

The net carrying value of accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair value due to the short‑term nature of these assets and liabilities. The fair value of our long-term debt as of September 30, 2023, is considered to be its carrying value as the interest rate on the bank debt is variable and approximates current market rates. As a result, Level 2 inputs are utilized to determine the fair value of our long‑term debt.

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Related-Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related-Party Transactions

NOTE 6. Related-Party Transactions

The Company considers certain funds that it manages, including the Victory Funds, the VictoryShares, collective trust funds that it sponsors (the “Victory Collective Funds”), the NEC Funds and other pooled investment vehicles that it sponsors, to be related parties as a result of its advisory relationship.

The Company receives investment management, administrative, distribution and compliance fees in accordance with contracts that VCM and VCS have with the Victory Funds and has invested a portion of its balance sheet cash in the Victory Treasury Money Market Trust and earns interest on the amount invested in this fund.

The Company receives investment management, administrative and compliance fees in accordance with contracts that VCM has with the VictoryShares.

We also receive investment management fees from the Victory Collective Funds, the NEC Funds and other pooled investment vehicles under VCM’s advisory contracts with these funds. In addition, VCTA receives fees for transfer agency services under contracts with the Victory Funds III and sub-transfer agency services under contracts with the Victory Funds for member class shares.

Director fees payable by the Company in cash and contributions made under the Director Deferred Compensation Plan for non-employee members of our Board of Directors are included in general and administrative expense in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The table below presents balances and transactions involving related parties included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

•Included in cash and cash equivalents is cash held in the Victory Treasury Money Market Trust.

•Included in receivables (investment management fees) are amounts due from the Victory Funds, VictoryShares, Victory Collective Funds and other pooled investment vehicles for investment management services.

•Included in receivables (fund administration and distribution fees) are amounts due from the Victory Funds for fund administration services and compliance services, amounts due from the VictoryShares for fund

administration services, amounts due from the Victory Funds III for transfer agent services and amounts due from the Victory Funds for sub-transfer agent services.

•Included in prepaid expenses are amounts paid by VCM that will be invoiced to the NEC Funds in subsequent periods.

•Included in revenue (investment management) are amounts earned for investment management services provided to the Victory Funds, the VictoryShares, the Victory Collective Funds, the NEC Funds and other pooled investment vehicles.

•Included in revenue (fund administration and distribution fees) are amounts earned for fund administration and compliance services, transfer agent services and sub-transfer agent services.

•Realized and unrealized gains and losses and dividend income on investments in the Victory Funds classified as investments in proprietary funds and deferred compensation plan investments and dividend income on investments in the Victory Treasury Money Market Trust are recorded in interest income and other income (expense) in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

•Amounts due to the Victory Funds, VictoryShares and other pooled investment vehicles for waivers of investment management fees and reimbursements of fund operating expenses are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent consideration payable to customers.

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Related party assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	98,769	$	24,575
Receivables (investment management fees)		43,387		44,218
Receivables (fund administration and distribution fees)		14,178		14,379
Prepaid expenses		1,068		1,097
Investments (investments in proprietary funds, fair value)		490		466
Investments (deferred compensation plan investments, fair value)		29,237		24,852
Total	$	187,129	$	109,587
Related party liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (fund reimbursements)	$	5,619	$	5,838

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2023		2022
Related party revenue
Investment management fees	$	124,845	$	124,335		$	366,738	$	391,804
Fund administration and distribution fees		45,735		46,490			135,035		144,921
Total	$	170,580	$	170,825		$	501,773	$	536,725
Related party expense
General and administrative	$	117	$	93		$	366	$	302
Related party other income (expense)
Interest income and other income (expense)	$	465	$	(805	)	$	3,260	$	(4,343	)

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Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

NOTE 7. Investments

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had investments in proprietary funds and deferred compensation plan investments. Investments in proprietary funds consist entirely of seed capital investments in certain Victory Funds. Deferred compensation plan investments are held under deferred compensation plans and include Victory Funds and third party mutual funds.

Unrealized and realized gains and losses on investments in proprietary funds and deferred compensation plan investments are recorded in earnings as interest income and other income (expense).

Investments in Proprietary Funds

The following table presents a summary of the cost and fair value of investments in proprietary funds:

			Gross Unrealized					Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Gains		(Losses)			Value
As of September 30, 2023	$	560	$	36	$	(106	)	$	490
As of December 31, 2022		551		29		(114	)		466

There were no proceeds from sales and realized gains and losses from investments in proprietary funds for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Sales and realized gains and losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	32	$	4	$	—
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022		65		—		(2	)

Deferred Compensation Plan Investments

The following table presents a summary of the cost and fair value of deferred compensation plan investments:

			Gross Unrealized					Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Gains		(Losses)			Value
As of September 30, 2023	$	29,367	$	860	$	(859	)	$	29,368
As of December 31, 2022		27,801		529		(1,530	)		26,800

The following table presents proceeds from sales of deferred compensation plan investments and realized gains and losses recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the three months ended September 30, 2023	$	4,522	$	1	$	(100	)
For the three months ended September 30, 2022		7,023		—		(258	)

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	7,432	$	5	$	(332	)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022		15,139		1,872		(473	)

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

NOTE 8. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 differs from the United States federal statutory rate primarily as a result of state and local income taxes, excess tax benefits on share-based compensation and certain non-deductible expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the provision for income taxes was $13.9 million and $12.6 million, or 21.1% and 14.7%, of pre-tax income respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the provision for income taxes was $44.4 million and $57.6 million, or 22.0% and 20.5% of pre-tax income respectively.

The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was higher than the effective tax rate for the same periods in 2022 mainly due to lower excess tax benefits on share-based compensation.

No valuation allowance was recorded for deferred tax assets in the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

NOTE 9. Debt

The following table presents the components of long-term debt in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

							Effective Interest Rate as of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022			September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Term Loans
Due July 2026, 7.62% interest rate	$	630,680		$	630,680		8.02%	6.36%
Due December 2028, 7.62% interest rate		371,028			371,028		7.94%	6.29%
Term loan principal outstanding		1,001,708			1,001,708
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(9,395	)		(11,299	)
Unamortized debt discount		(3,990	)		(4,895	)
Long-term debt, net	$	988,323		$	985,514

The Company elects to use three-month term SOFR plus a ten-point credit spread adjustment plus the margin on SOFR required by the 2019 Credit Agreement to pay interest on its debt.

The 2019 Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that affect, among other things, the ability of the first lien leverage ratio, measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter on which outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility exceed 35.0% of the commitments thereunder (excluding certain letters of credit), of no greater than 3.80 to 1.00. As of September 30, 2023, there were no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility and the Company was in compliance with the financial performance covenant.

There were no repayments of outstanding term loans under the 2019 Credit Agreement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

A total of $29.6 million and $144.6 million of the outstanding term loans under the 2019 Credit Agreement was repaid during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized a net loss on debt extinguishment of $0.4 million and $2.9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to repayments of term loan principal.

Interest Expense

The following table presents the components of interest expense and other financing costs on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Interest expense	$	19,457		$	11,717		$	55,140		$	27,465
Amortization of debt issuance costs		762			784			2,266			2,434
Amortization of debt discount		305			314			905			960
Interest rate swap (income) expense		(5,115	)		(1,459	)		(14,004	)		(558	)
Other		171			123			414			336
Total	$	15,580		$	11,479		$	44,721		$	30,637

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Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

NOTE 10. Equity

Shares Rollforward

The following tables present the changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and repurchased (in thousands):

	Shares of Common Stock Issued		Shares of Treasury Stock
Balance, December 31, 2022		80,528		(13,203	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(1,032	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		680		—
Exercise of options		295		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(390	)
Balance, March 31, 2023		81,506		(14,625	)
Issuance of shares		2		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(1,380	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		27		—
Exercise of options		191		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(102	)
Balance, June 30, 2023		81,726		(16,107	)
Issuance of shares		2		—
Repurchase of shares		—		—
Vesting of restricted share grants		66		—
Exercise of options		430		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(206	)
Balance, September 30, 2023		82,224		(16,313	)

	Shares of Common Stock Issued		Shares of Treasury Stock
Balance, December 31, 2021		77,242		(8,580	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(293	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		481		—
Exercise of options		222		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(285	)
Balance, March 31, 2022		77,948		(9,158	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(640	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		139		—
Exercise of options		271		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(197	)
Balance, June 30, 2022		78,361		(9,995	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(819	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		208		—
Exercise of options		1,717		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(993	)
Balance, September 30, 2022		80,289		(11,807	)

Shares Repurchased and Withheld

Share Repurchase Programs

In March 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program (the “2023 Share Repurchase Program”) authorizing the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of the Company’s Common Stock. Under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program, which took effect in March 2023, the Company may purchase its shares from time to time through March 31, 2025 in privately negotiated transactions, through block trades, pursuant to open market purchases, or pursuant

to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the SEC. The amount and timing of purchases under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program will depend on a number of factors including the price and availability of the Company’s shares, trading volume, capital availability, Company performance and general economic and market conditions. The 2023 Share Repurchase Program can be suspended or discontinued at any time. The former $100.0 million share repurchase program, which took effect in May 2022, was completed in March 2023.

The Company did not make any repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 2.4 million shares of Common Stock at a total cost of $77.3 million, which included $0.5 million of excise taxes payable on shares repurchased, for an average price of $32.05. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.8 million and 1.8 million shares were repurchased at a total cost of $22.8 million and $49.2 million for an average price of $27.86 and $28.06.

As of September 30, 2023, a total of $51.9 million was available for future repurchases under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program, and a cumulative total of 9.5 million shares of Common Stock had been repurchased under programs authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors at a total cost of $238.6 million for an average price of $25.07 per share.

Shares Withheld for net settlement of employee equity awards

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company net settled 0.2 million shares of Common Stock for $6.9 million to satisfy $5.0 million in employee tax obligations and $1.9 million in employee stock option exercise prices. During the same period in 2022, 1.0 million shares were net settled for $27.4 million to satisfy $18.1 million of employee tax obligations and $9.3 million of employee stock option exercise prices.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company net settled 0.7 million shares of Common Stock for $21.7 million to satisfy $16.7 million in employee tax obligations and $5.0 million in employee stock option exercise prices. During the same period in 2022, 1.5 million shares were net settled for $41.5 million to satisfy $29.3 million of employee tax obligations and $12.2 million of employee stock option exercise prices.

Dividend Payments

Dividends paid or payable for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $64.8 million and included quarterly dividends of $63.6 million and $1.2 million in cash bonuses and distributions related to dividends previously declared upon vesting of restricted stock. During the same period in 2022, dividends paid or payable totaled $52.3 million and included quarterly dividends of $51.5 million and $0.8 million in cash bonuses and distributions related to dividends previously declared upon vesting of restricted stock.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amount of cash bonuses and distributions related to dividends previously declared on unvested and outstanding restricted share awards and stock options totaled $0.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, which was not recorded as a liability as of the balance sheet date. A liability will be recorded for these cash bonuses and dividends when the restricted shares and options vest.

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Share-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

NOTE 11. Share‑Based Compensation

Current Period Activity

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued restricted stock awards for 33,153 shares of Common Stock, of which awards for 9,013 shares were fully vested on the grant date and awards for 24,140 shares vest over four years.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued restricted stock awards for 513,715 shares of Common Stock, of which awards for 30,012 shares were fully vested on the grant date, awards for 51,919 shares vest over two years, awards for 84,039 shares cliff vest after two years, awards for 258,908 shares vest over three years, awards for 24,140 shares vest over four years, awards for 31,073 shares vest two-thirds in two years and one-third in three years and awards for 33,624 shares vest one-third in two years and two-thirds in three years.

Stock option award and restricted stock award activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

	Shares Subject to Stock Option Awards
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023							2022
	Avg wtd		Avg wtd					Avg wtd		Avg wtd
	grant-date		exercise					grant-date		exercise
	fair value		price		Units			fair value		price		Units
Outstanding at beginning of period	$	4.31	$	7.57		2,884,180		$	3.94	$	6.71		5,315,210
Forfeited		—		—		—			6.46		14.15		(451	)
Exercised		3.70		5.70		(916,325	)		3.43		5.53		(2,209,371	)
Outstanding at end of the period	$	4.59	$	8.44		1,967,855		$	4.31	$	7.55		3,105,388
Vested	$	4.57	$	8.36		1,791,657		$	4.27	$	7.45		2,928,840
Unvested		4.85		9.23		176,198			4.85		9.24		176,548

	Restricted Stock Awards
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023					2022
	Avg wtd grant-					Avg wtd grant-
	date fair value		Units			date fair value		Units
Unvested at beginning of period	$	25.38		1,153,515		$	17.75		1,352,839
Granted		30.09		513,715			31.14		637,235
Vested		22.83		(773,507	)		17.39		(827,872	)
Forfeited		29.60		(45,153	)		28.86		(9,643	)
Unvested at end of period	$	30.30		848,570		$	25.34		1,152,559

The Company recorded $3.9 million and $4.4 million of share-based compensation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $12.4 million and $13.3 million of share-based compensation expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in personnel compensation and benefits in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

NOTE 12. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share from net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	52,007	$	72,764	$	157,951	$	223,242
Shares:
Basic: Weighted average number of shares outstanding		65,774		68,609		66,504		68,625
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments		1,902		3,268		2,132		4,172
Diluted: Weighted average number of shares outstanding		67,676		71,877		68,636		72,797
Earnings per share
Basic:	$	0.79	$	1.06	$	2.38	$	3.25
Diluted:	$	0.77	$	1.01	$	2.30	$	3.07

Outstanding instruments excluded from the computation of weighted average shares for diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive were de minimis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The amount of outstanding instruments excluded from the computation of weighted average shares for diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive was 0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Holders of non-vested share-based compensation awards do not have rights to receive nonforfeitable dividends on the shares covered by the awards.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

NOTE 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

				Cumulative
	Cash Flow			Translation
(in thousands)	Hedges (a)			Adjustment			Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	35,614		$	(172	)	$	35,442
Other comprehensive income before reclassification and tax		12,387			4			12,391
Tax impact		(3,008	)		(1	)		(3,009	)
Reclassification adjustments, before tax		(14,005	)		—			(14,005	)
Tax impact		3,401			—			3,401
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,225	)		3			(1,222	)
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	34,389		$	(169	)	$	34,220
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	5,895		$	77		$	5,972
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification and tax		42,113			(485	)		41,628
Tax impact		(10,176	)		120			(10,056	)
Reclassification adjustments, before tax		(558	)		—			(558	)
Tax impact		135			—			135
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		31,514			(365	)		31,149
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	37,409		$	(288	)	$	37,121

(a) Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedges are recorded in interest expense and other financing costs.

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Derivatives

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives

NOTE 14. DERIVATIVES

Interest Rate Swaps

On March 27, 2020, the Company entered into the Swap to manage interest rate risk associated with a portion of its floating-rate long-term debt. The Company does not purchase or hold any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Under the terms of the original Swap agreement, the Company paid interest at a fixed rate of interest on a quarterly basis and received interest at the three-month LIBOR rate in effect for that quarter.

On September 26, 2022, the Company and the Swap counterparty executed an amendment to the Swap to update LIBOR conventions to SOFR conventions and to modify the fixed rate for the change from three-month LIBOR to three-month Term SOFR effective on October 6, 2022. There was no change to the $450 million notional value, the July 1, 2026 expiration date, the quarterly payment frequency or the designated three-month maturity from the Swap Amendment. The interest rate effectively fixed by the Swap on $450 million of the Company’s outstanding term loan debt through July 1, 2026 changed from 3.215% to 3.149% as a result of the amendment to the Swap.

The designation of a derivative instrument as a hedge and its ability to meet the hedge accounting criteria determine how the Company reflects the change in fair value of the derivative instrument. A derivative qualifies for hedge accounting treatment if, at inception, it meets defined correlation and effectiveness criteria. These criteria require that the anticipated cash flows and/or changes in fair value of the hedging instrument substantially offset those of the position being hedged. The Swap is assessed for effectiveness and continued qualification for hedge accounting on a quarterly basis. Since inception, the Swap was deemed to be highly effective.

The Swap is designated as a cash flow hedge. Accordingly, the Swap is measured at fair value with mark-to-market gains or losses deferred and included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, to the extent the hedge is determined to be effective. Gains or losses from the Swap are reclassified to interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The amount receivable from the Swap counterparty at September 30, 2023 of $4.8 million is included in other assets in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table summarizes the classification of the Swap in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the notional amount at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Balance Sheets	Description	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Other assets	Fair value of interest rate swap	$	45,314	$	46,931
	Notional amount		450,000		450,000

The following table summarizes the effects of the Swap in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
Statement of Operations	Description	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest expense and other financing costs	Income reclassified from AOCI(L)	$	5,116	$	1,459	$	14,005	$	558

		Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
		September 30,					September 30,
Statements of Comprehensive Income	Description	2023			2022		2023			2022
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Income (loss) recognized in AOCI(L), net of tax	$	(56	)	$	10,024	$	(1,225	)	$	31,514

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

NOTE 15. LEASES

The Company determines if a contract is a lease at inception. We have leases primarily for office facilities and information technology equipment. All of our leases are classified as operating leases.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease ROU assets(1)	$	9,977	$	13,396
Current portion of operating lease liabilities(2)		4,448		5,056
Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities(2)		7,138		10,227
Total operating lease liabilities	$	11,586	$	15,283

(1)ROU assets are recorded in other assets on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2)Current portion and noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities are recorded in other liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

	September 30, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term	4.2 years
Weighted-average discount rate		4.6	%

The components of lease expense and other lease information as of and during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,293		$	1,318		$	3,897		$	3,983
Short-term lease cost		—			21			—			63
Variable lease cost		481			460			1,411			1,344
Gross lease cost		1,774			1,799			5,308			5,390
Sub-lease income		(204	)		(206	)		(610	)		(621	)
Net lease cost	$	1,570		$	1,593		$	4,698		$	4,769
Other lease information
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	1,419		$	1,251		$	4,237		$	3,720

In general, our leases have remaining lease terms of approximately 1 year to 5 years. These leases generally contain renewal options for periods ranging from two to five years. Because the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise these renewal options, the options are not considered in determining the lease term and associated potential option payments are excluded from lease payments. Expenses associated with operating leases are recorded in general and administrative expenses on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Variable lease costs, such as utilities and common area maintenance charges, are excluded from lease liabilities and expensed as incurred. The variable lease costs are determined based on terms in the lease contracts and primarily relate to usage of the ROU asset and services received from the lessor.

The following table summarizes the maturity of our operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Operating  Leases
2023	$	1,379
2024		4,197
2025		2,444
2026		1,623
2027		1,069
Thereafter		1,928
Total undiscounted lease payments		12,640
Less: imputed interest		1,054
Total lease liabilities	$	11,586

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

NOTE 16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 10, 2023, the Company paid $36.4 million in cash to sellers for the fourth and final earn out period payment for the USAA AMCO Acquisition.

On October 30, 2023, the Company monetized the floating-to-fixed swap on a portion of its debt generating an additional $43.4 million of cash net of costs.

On November 2, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.32 per share. The dividend is payable on December 22, 2023, to shareholders of record on December 11, 2023.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. Our involvement with non-consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) includes sponsored investment funds and, in 2022, an equity method investment.

For further discussion regarding VIEs, refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. For further discussion on the equity method investment, refer to Note 13, Equity Method Investment, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Management periodically evaluates the remaining useful lives and carrying values of the Company’s intangible assets to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that a change in the useful life or impairment in value may have occurred. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a $3.8 million impairment loss on an indefinite-lived trade name asset to reduce the asset’s carrying amount to its estimated fair value and to change the asset’s estimated remaining useful life. The remaining book value of the asset is being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period that is shorter than the asset’s economic life. The impairment loss is recorded in depreciation and amortization in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For further discussion regarding the Company's intangible asset policy, refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements and the notes. Actual results may ultimately differ materially from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023

•Expected Credit Losses: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 creates a new model for determining current expected credit losses (“CECL”) on trade and other receivables, net investments in leases, contract assets and long-term receivables. The CECL impairment model requires companies to consider the risk of loss even if it is remote and to include forecasts of future economic conditions as well as information about past events and current conditions. The effective date for calendar-year public business entities was January 1, 2020. As an EGC, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

•Fair Value Measurements: In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” to clarify guidance for determining the fair value of certain equity securities and eliminate diversity in practice. ASU 2022-03 states that contractual sale restrictions should not be considered when measuring the fair value of an equity security and requires new disclosures for entities with equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. As the Company will lose its EGC status as of December 31, 2023, the Company will adopt ASU 2022-03 on January 1, 2024, the effective date for calendar-year public business entities. Because the Company does not have equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions, ASU 2022-03 is not expected to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue by Type and Product

In accordance with revenue recognition standard requirements, the following table disaggregates our revenue by type and product:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2023			2022
Investment management fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	112,816	$	112,467		$	330,921		$	357,294
ETFs (VictoryShares)		5,200		5,324			15,901			15,274
Separate accounts and other vehicles		44,736		43,031			129,971			137,643
Performance-based fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds III)		1,087		244			3,489			(1,039	)
Separate accounts and other vehicles		114		(296	)		(83	)		(808	)
Total investment management fees		163,953		160,770			480,199			508,364
Fund administration and distribution fees
Administration fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	25,644		25,566		$	74,947			80,287
ETFs (VictoryShares)		725		673			2,159			2,095
Distribution fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)		5,648		6,036			16,978			19,172
Transfer agent fees
Mutual funds (Victory Funds III)		13,718		14,215			40,951			43,367
Total fund administration and distribution fees		45,735		46,490			135,035			144,921
Total revenue	$	209,688	$	207,260		$	615,234		$	653,285

Schedule of Balances of Receivables from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents balances of receivables:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Customer receivables
Mutual funds (Victory Funds)	$	52,878	$	53,835
ETFs (VictoryShares)		2,005		2,239
Separate accounts and other vehicles		31,183		26,652
Receivables from contracts with customers		86,066		82,726
Non-customer receivables		9,108		1,747
Total receivables	$	95,174	$	84,473

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Acquisitions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

WestEnd Acquisition

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Summary of Significant Inputs to Valuation of Contingent Consideration Payable

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Net revenue 5 year average annual growth rate		24	%		28	%
Market price of risk adjustment for revenue (continuous)		8	%		11	%
Revenue volatility		21	%		20	%
Discount rate		8	%		8	%
Years remaining in earn out period		4.1			4.8
Undiscounted estimated remaining earn out payments $ millions	$247 - $320			$247 - $320

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	As of September 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets
Money market funds	$	98,769		$	98,769	$	—	$	—
Investments in proprietary funds		490			490		—		—
Deferred compensation plan investments		29,368			29,368		—		—
Interest rate swap asset		45,314			—		45,314		—
Total Financial Assets	$	173,941		$	128,627	$	45,314	$	—
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements		(249,636	)		—		—		(249,636	)
Total Financial Liabilities	$	(249,636	)	$	—	$	—	$	(249,636	)

	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets
Money market fund	$	24,575		$	24,575	$	—	$	—
Investments in proprietary funds		466			466		—		—
Deferred compensation plan investments		26,800			26,800		—		—
Interest rate swap asset		46,931			—		46,931		—
Total Financial Assets	$	98,772		$	51,841	$	46,931	$	—
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements		(230,400	)		—		—		(230,400	)
Total Financial Liabilities	$	(230,400	)	$	—	$	—	$	(230,400	)

Summary of Change in Contingent Consideration Arrangement Liabilities

The following table presents the balance of the change in contingent consideration arrangement liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

(in thousands)	Contingent Consideration Liabilities
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	230,400
USAA AMCO change in fair value measurement		8,736
WestEnd change in fair value measurement		10,500
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	249,636

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Related-Party Transactions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Summary of Related-Party Transactions

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Related party assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	98,769	$	24,575
Receivables (investment management fees)		43,387		44,218
Receivables (fund administration and distribution fees)		14,178		14,379
Prepaid expenses		1,068		1,097
Investments (investments in proprietary funds, fair value)		490		466
Investments (deferred compensation plan investments, fair value)		29,237		24,852
Total	$	187,129	$	109,587
Related party liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (fund reimbursements)	$	5,619	$	5,838

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2023		2022
Related party revenue
Investment management fees	$	124,845	$	124,335		$	366,738	$	391,804
Fund administration and distribution fees		45,735		46,490			135,035		144,921
Total	$	170,580	$	170,825		$	501,773	$	536,725
Related party expense
General and administrative	$	117	$	93		$	366	$	302
Related party other income (expense)
Interest income and other income (expense)	$	465	$	(805	)	$	3,260	$	(4,343	)

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Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Gain (Loss) on Securities [Line Items]

Summary of Proceeds from Sales of Deferred Compensation Plan Investments and Realized Gains and Losses Recognized

The following table presents proceeds from sales of deferred compensation plan investments and realized gains and losses recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the three months ended September 30, 2023	$	4,522	$	1	$	(100	)
For the three months ended September 30, 2022		7,023		—		(258	)

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	7,432	$	5	$	(332	)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022		15,139		1,872		(473	)

Proprietary Funds

Gain (Loss) on Securities [Line Items]

Summary of Cost and Fair Value of Investments in Proprietary Funds

The following table presents a summary of the cost and fair value of investments in proprietary funds:

			Gross Unrealized					Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Gains		(Losses)			Value
As of September 30, 2023	$	560	$	36	$	(106	)	$	490
As of December 31, 2022		551		29		(114	)		466

Summary of Proceeds from Sales of Investments in Proprietary Funds and Realized Gains and Losses Recognized

There were no proceeds from sales and realized gains and losses from investments in proprietary funds for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Sales and realized gains and losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Sale		Realized
(in thousands)	Proceeds		Gains		(Losses)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	32	$	4	$	—
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022		65		—		(2	)

Deferred Compensation Plan Investments

Gain (Loss) on Securities [Line Items]

Summary of Cost and Fair Value of Deferred Compensation Plan Investments

The following table presents a summary of the cost and fair value of deferred compensation plan investments:

			Gross Unrealized					Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Gains		(Losses)			Value
As of September 30, 2023	$	29,367	$	860	$	(859	)	$	29,368
As of December 31, 2022		27,801		529		(1,530	)		26,800

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Long-Term Debt

The following table presents the components of long-term debt in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

							Effective Interest Rate as of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022			September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Term Loans
Due July 2026, 7.62% interest rate	$	630,680		$	630,680		8.02%	6.36%
Due December 2028, 7.62% interest rate		371,028			371,028		7.94%	6.29%
Term loan principal outstanding		1,001,708			1,001,708
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(9,395	)		(11,299	)
Unamortized debt discount		(3,990	)		(4,895	)
Long-term debt, net	$	988,323		$	985,514

Schedule of Components of Interest Expense and Other Financing Costs

The following table presents the components of interest expense and other financing costs on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Interest expense	$	19,457		$	11,717		$	55,140		$	27,465
Amortization of debt issuance costs		762			784			2,266			2,434
Amortization of debt discount		305			314			905			960
Interest rate swap (income) expense		(5,115	)		(1,459	)		(14,004	)		(558	)
Other		171			123			414			336
Total	$	15,580		$	11,479		$	44,721		$	30,637

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Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Number of Shares of Common Stock Issued and Repurchased

The following tables present the changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and repurchased (in thousands):

	Shares of Common Stock Issued		Shares of Treasury Stock
Balance, December 31, 2022		80,528		(13,203	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(1,032	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		680		—
Exercise of options		295		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(390	)
Balance, March 31, 2023		81,506		(14,625	)
Issuance of shares		2		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(1,380	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		27		—
Exercise of options		191		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(102	)
Balance, June 30, 2023		81,726		(16,107	)
Issuance of shares		2		—
Repurchase of shares		—		—
Vesting of restricted share grants		66		—
Exercise of options		430		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(206	)
Balance, September 30, 2023		82,224		(16,313	)

	Shares of Common Stock Issued		Shares of Treasury Stock
Balance, December 31, 2021		77,242		(8,580	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(293	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		481		—
Exercise of options		222		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(285	)
Balance, March 31, 2022		77,948		(9,158	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(640	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		139		—
Exercise of options		271		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(197	)
Balance, June 30, 2022		78,361		(9,995	)
Issuance of shares		3		—
Repurchase of shares		—		(819	)
Vesting of restricted share grants		208		—
Exercise of options		1,717		—
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards		—		(993	)
Balance, September 30, 2022		80,289		(11,807	)

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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Activity Related to Stock Options Awards and Restricted Stock Awards

	Shares Subject to Stock Option Awards
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023							2022
	Avg wtd		Avg wtd					Avg wtd		Avg wtd
	grant-date		exercise					grant-date		exercise
	fair value		price		Units			fair value		price		Units
Outstanding at beginning of period	$	4.31	$	7.57		2,884,180		$	3.94	$	6.71		5,315,210
Forfeited		—		—		—			6.46		14.15		(451	)
Exercised		3.70		5.70		(916,325	)		3.43		5.53		(2,209,371	)
Outstanding at end of the period	$	4.59	$	8.44		1,967,855		$	4.31	$	7.55		3,105,388
Vested	$	4.57	$	8.36		1,791,657		$	4.27	$	7.45		2,928,840
Unvested		4.85		9.23		176,198			4.85		9.24		176,548

	Restricted Stock Awards
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023					2022
	Avg wtd grant-					Avg wtd grant-
	date fair value		Units			date fair value		Units
Unvested at beginning of period	$	25.38		1,153,515		$	17.75		1,352,839
Granted		30.09		513,715			31.14		637,235
Vested		22.83		(773,507	)		17.39		(827,872	)
Forfeited		29.60		(45,153	)		28.86		(9,643	)
Unvested at end of period	$	30.30		848,570		$	25.34		1,152,559

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Reconciliation of Basic Earnings Per Share and Diluted Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share from net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	52,007	$	72,764	$	157,951	$	223,242
Shares:
Basic: Weighted average number of shares outstanding		65,774		68,609		66,504		68,625
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments		1,902		3,268		2,132		4,172
Diluted: Weighted average number of shares outstanding		67,676		71,877		68,636		72,797
Earnings per share
Basic:	$	0.79	$	1.06	$	2.38	$	3.25
Diluted:	$	0.77	$	1.01	$	2.30	$	3.07

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

				Cumulative
	Cash Flow			Translation
(in thousands)	Hedges (a)			Adjustment			Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	35,614		$	(172	)	$	35,442
Other comprehensive income before reclassification and tax		12,387			4			12,391
Tax impact		(3,008	)		(1	)		(3,009	)
Reclassification adjustments, before tax		(14,005	)		—			(14,005	)
Tax impact		3,401			—			3,401
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,225	)		3			(1,222	)
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	34,389		$	(169	)	$	34,220
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	5,895		$	77		$	5,972
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification and tax		42,113			(485	)		41,628
Tax impact		(10,176	)		120			(10,056	)
Reclassification adjustments, before tax		(558	)		—			(558	)
Tax impact		135			—			135
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		31,514			(365	)		31,149
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	37,409		$	(288	)	$	37,121

(a) Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedges are recorded in interest expense and other financing costs.

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Derivatives (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Classification of Swap in Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Notional Amount

Balance Sheets	Description	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Other assets	Fair value of interest rate swap	$	45,314	$	46,931
	Notional amount		450,000		450,000

Summary of Effects of Swap in Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the effects of the Swap in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
Statement of Operations	Description	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest expense and other financing costs	Income reclassified from AOCI(L)	$	5,116	$	1,459	$	14,005	$	558

		Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
		September 30,					September 30,
Statements of Comprehensive Income	Description	2023			2022		2023			2022
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Income (loss) recognized in AOCI(L), net of tax	$	(56	)	$	10,024	$	(1,225	)	$	31,514

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease ROU assets(1)	$	9,977	$	13,396
Current portion of operating lease liabilities(2)		4,448		5,056
Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities(2)		7,138		10,227
Total operating lease liabilities	$	11,586	$	15,283

(1)ROU assets are recorded in other assets on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2)Current portion and noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities are recorded in other liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

	September 30, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term	4.2 years
Weighted-average discount rate		4.6	%

Schedule of Components of Lease Expense and Other Lease Information

The components of lease expense and other lease information as of and during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,293		$	1,318		$	3,897		$	3,983
Short-term lease cost		—			21			—			63
Variable lease cost		481			460			1,411			1,344
Gross lease cost		1,774			1,799			5,308			5,390
Sub-lease income		(204	)		(206	)		(610	)		(621	)
Net lease cost	$	1,570		$	1,593		$	4,698		$	4,769
Other lease information
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	1,419		$	1,251		$	4,237		$	3,720

Summary of Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities

The following table summarizes the maturity of our operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Operating  Leases
2023	$	1,379
2024		4,197
2025		2,444
2026		1,623
2027		1,069
Thereafter		1,928
Total undiscounted lease payments		12,640
Less: imputed interest		1,054
Total lease liabilities	$	11,586

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Impairment Loss on an Indefinite-Lived Trade Name	$ 3.8	$ 3.8
Accounting Standards Update 2022-03
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted [true false]	true	true
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Immaterial Effect [true false]	true	true
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted [true false]	true	true
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Immaterial Effect [true false]	true	true

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue by Type and Product (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 209,688	$ 207,260	$ 615,234	$ 653,285
Investment Management Fees
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	163,953	160,770	480,199	508,364
Investment Management Fees | Mutual Funds
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	112,816	112,467	330,921	357,294
Investment Management Fees | ETF's
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	5,200	5,324	15,901	15,274
Investment Management Fees | Separate Accounts and Other Vehicles
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	44,736	43,031	129,971	137,643
Performance-based Investment Fees | Mutual Funds
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,087	244	3,489	(1,039)
Performance-based Investment Fees | Separate Accounts and Other Vehicles
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	114	(296)	(83)	(808)
Administration Fees | Mutual Funds
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	25,644	25,566	74,947	80,287
Administration Fees | ETF's
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	725	673	2,159	2,095
Fund Distribution Fees | Mutual Funds
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	5,648	6,036	16,978	19,172
Transfer Agent Fees | Mutual Funds
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	13,718	14,215	40,951	43,367
Fund Administration and Distribution Fees
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 45,735	$ 46,490	$ 135,035	$ 144,921

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Balances of Receivables from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Receivables from contracts with customers	$ 86,066	$ 82,726
Non-customer receivables	9,108	1,747
Total receivables	95,174	84,473
Mutual Funds
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Receivables from contracts with customers	52,878	53,835
ETF's
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Receivables from contracts with customers	2,005	2,239
Separate Accounts and Other Vehicles
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Receivables from contracts with customers	$ 31,183	$ 26,652

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Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Class C
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Upfront sales commission percentage	1.00%

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Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2021	Jul. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration liability				$ 249,636		$ 249,636		$ 230,400
Increase (decrease) in contingent consideration liability						(19,236)	$ 40,600
Goodwill				981,805		981,805		981,805
USAA AMCO
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration liability				36,400		36,400		27,700
Maximum aggregate contingent payment		$ 150,000
Maximum annual contingent payment		$ 37,500
Period of time over which contingent payments will be made		4 years
Contingent consideration threshold percentage		80.00%
Annual revenue percentage requirement to achieve the maximum contingent payment		100.00%
Increase (decrease) in contingent consideration liability				(2,700)	$ 2,700	8,700	(9,100)
NEC Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, acquired percentage	100.00%
Contingent consideration liability				12,500		12,500		8,100
Additional payments in cash to acquire business based on revenue growth	$ 35,000
Cash based on revenue growth period	6 years
Contingent payment period one	36 months
Contingent payment period two	48 months
Contingent payment period three	60 months
Contingent payment compensation expense				1,400	1,700	4,400	5,400
WestEnd Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, acquired percentage			100.00%
Purchase price			$ 716,100
Payments to acquire business			475,800
Contingent consideration liability			$ 239,700	213,200		$ 213,200		$ 202,700
Period of time over which contingent payments will be made			4 years
Years remaining in earn out period						4 years 1 month 6 days		4 years 9 months 18 days
Increase (decrease) in contingent consideration liability				$ (7,600)	$ (13,200)	$ (10,500)	$ (31,500)
Cash payable for net working capital adjustments			$ 600
Period of time over which contingent "catch-up" provisions payments will be made			5 years 6 months
Maximum aggregate earn-out payments			$ 320,000
Maximum annual earn-out payments			80,000
Cash paid at closing placed in escrow			2,900
Amount available for purchase price adjustments										$ 500
Amount available to compensate for eligible claims under purchase agreement indemnification provisions									$ 2,400
Goodwill			$ 536,000

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Acquisitions - Summary of Significant Inputs to Valuation of Contingent Consideration Payable (Details) - WestEnd Acquisition - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net revenue average annual growth rate	24.00%	28.00%
Market price of risk	8.00%	11.00%
Revenue volatility	21.00%	20.00%
Discount rate	8.00%	8.00%
Years remaining in earn out period	4 years 1 month 6 days	4 years 9 months 18 days
Net revenue 5 year average annual growth rate	24.00%	28.00%
Minimum
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Undiscounted estimated remaining earn out payments in millions	$ 247	$ 247
Maximum
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Undiscounted estimated remaining earn out payments in millions	$ 320	$ 320

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Acquisitions - Summary of Significant Inputs to Valuation of Contingent Consideration Payable (Parenthetical) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
WestEnd Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of year of annual growth rate	5 years

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements	$ (249,636)	$ (230,400)
Fair Value on Recurring Basis
Financial Assets
Money market funds	98,769	24,575
Investments in proprietary funds	490	466
Deferred compensation plan investments	29,368	26,800
Interest rate swap asset	45,314	46,931
Total Financial Assets	173,941	98,772
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements	(249,636)	(230,400)
Total Financial Liabilities	(249,636)	(230,400)
Fair Value on Recurring Basis | Level 1
Financial Assets
Money market funds	98,769	24,575
Investments in proprietary funds	490	466
Deferred compensation plan investments	29,368	26,800
Total Financial Assets	128,627	51,841
Fair Value on Recurring Basis | Level 2
Financial Assets
Interest rate swap asset	45,314	46,931
Total Financial Assets	45,314	46,931
Fair Value on Recurring Basis | Level 3
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration arrangements	(249,636)	(230,400)
Total Financial Liabilities	$ (249,636)	$ (230,400)

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Change in Contingent Consideration Arrangement Liabilities (Details) - Contingent Consideration Liability $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 230,400
Ending balance	249,636
USAA AMCO
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Change in fair value measurement	8,736
WestEnd
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Change in fair value measurement	$ 10,500

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Related-Party Transactions - Summary of Related-Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related party assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 107,987		$ 107,987		$ 38,171
Related party revenue
Total revenue	209,688	$ 207,260	615,234	$ 653,285
Investment Management Fees
Related party revenue
Total revenue	163,953	160,770	480,199	508,364
Fund Administration and Distribution Fees
Related party revenue
Total revenue	45,735	46,490	135,035	144,921
VCH
Related party assets
Cash and cash equivalents	98,769		98,769		24,575
Receivables (investment management fees)	43,387		43,387		44,218
Receivables (fund administration and distribution fees)	14,178		14,178		14,379
Prepaid expenses	1,068		1,068		1,097
Investments (investments in proprietary funds, fair value)	490		490		466
Deferred compensation plan investments	29,237		29,237		24,852
Total	187,129		187,129		109,587
Related party liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (fund reimbursements)	5,619		5,619		$ 5,838
Related party revenue
Total revenue	170,580	170,825	501,773	536,725
Related party expense
General and administrative	117	93	366	302
Related party other income (expense)
Interest income and other income (expense)	465	(805)	3,260	(4,343)
VCH | Investment Management Fees
Related party revenue
Total revenue	124,845	124,335	366,738	391,804
VCH | Fund Administration and Distribution Fees
Related party revenue
Total revenue	$ 45,735	$ 46,490	$ 135,035	$ 144,921

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Investments - Summary of Cost and Fair Value of Investments in Proprietary Funds (Details) - Proprietary Funds - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Cost	$ 560	$ 551
Gross Unrealized Gains	36	29
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(106)	(114)
Fair Value	$ 490	$ 466

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Investments - Summary of Proceeds from Sales of Investments in Proprietary Funds and Realized Gains and Losses Recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Proceeds and realized gains and losses recognized
Sale Proceeds	$ 7,464	$ 15,205
Proprietary Funds
Proceeds and realized gains and losses recognized
Sale Proceeds	32	65
Realized Gains	4	0
Realized (Losses)	$ 0	$ (2)

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Investments - Summary of Cost and Fair Value of Deferred Compensation Plan Investments (Details) - Deferred Compensation Plan Investments - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Trading Securities And Other Trading Assets [Line Items]
Cost	$ 29,367	$ 27,801
Gross Unrealized Gains	860	529
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(859)	(1,530)
Fair Value	$ 29,368	$ 26,800

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Investments - Summary of Proceeds from Sales of Deferred Compensation Plan Investments and Realized Gains and Losses Recognized (Details) - Deferred Compensation Plan Investments - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Proceeds and realized gains and losses recognized
Sale Proceeds	$ 4,522	$ 7,023	$ 7,432	$ 15,139
Realized Gains	1	0	5	1,872
Realized (Losses)	$ (100)	$ (258)	$ (332)	$ (473)

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for income taxes	$ 13,914	$ 12,582	$ 44,435	$ 57,643
Federal income tax at U.S. statutory rate	21.10%	14.70%	22.00%	20.50%
Valuation allowance, deferred tax assets	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2019	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original issue discount		$ 3,990,000		$ 3,990,000		$ 4,895,000
Loss on debt extinguishment		0	$ 369,000	0	$ 2,887,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowing		0		0
Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum percentage of borrowings for revolving credit facility as a percent of total commitments	35.00%
Maximum first lien leverage ratio on last day of quarter (as a percent)	3.80%
Term Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt		$ 0	29,600,000	$ 0	144,600,000
Loss on debt extinguishment			$ (400)		$ (2,900)

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Debt - Schedule of Components of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized debt issuance costs	$ (9,395)	$ (11,299)
Unamortized debt discount	(3,990)	(4,895)
Long-term debt, net	988,323	985,514
Term Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	1,001,708	1,001,708
Due July 2026, 7.62% interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 630,680	$ 630,680
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	8.02%	6.36%
Due December 2028, 7.62% interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	$ 371,028	$ 371,028
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	7.94%	6.29%

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Debt - Schedule of Components of Long-Term Debt (Parenthetical) (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Due July 2026, 7.62% interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)	7.62%	7.62%
Due December 2028, 7.62% interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)	7.62%	7.62%

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Debt - Schedule of Components of Interest Expense and Other Financing Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Interest expense	$ 19,457	$ 11,717	$ 55,140	$ 27,465
Amortization of debt issuance costs	762	784	2,266	2,434
Amortization of debt discount	305	314	905	960
Interest rate swap (income) expense	(5,115)	(1,459)	(14,004)	558
Other	171	123	414	336
Total	$ 15,580	$ 11,479	$ 44,721	$ 30,637

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Equity - Schedule of Changes in Number of Shares of Common Stock Issued and Repurchased (Detail) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Common Stock
Balance at beginning of period (in shares)	81,726	81,506	80,528	78,361	77,948	77,242	80,528	77,242
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of shares	2	2	3	3	3	3
Vesting of restricted share grants	66	27	680	208	139	481
Exercise of options	430	191	295	1,717	271	222
Balance at end of period (in shares)	82,224	81,726	81,506	80,289	78,361	77,948	82,224	80,289
Treasury Stock
Balance at beginning of period (in shares)	(16,107)	(14,625)	(13,203)	(9,995)	(9,158)	(8,580)	(13,203)	(8,580)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Repurchase of shares	0	(1,380)	(1,032)	(819)	(640)	(293)
Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards	(206)	(102)	(390)	(993)	(197)	(285)
Balance at end of period (in shares)	(16,313)	(16,107)	(14,625)	(11,807)	(9,995)	(9,158)	(16,313)	(11,807)

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Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Authorized amount for share repurchase program	$ 100,000
Share repurchase program expiration period	Mar. 31, 2023
Number of shares acquired		0	800,000	2,400,000	1,800,000
Average cost of acquired shares (in dollars per share)			$ 27.86	$ 32.05	$ 28.06
Employee tax obligations amount				$ 15,916	$ 27,897
Employee stock option exercise prices		$ 1,900	$ 9,300	5,000	12,200
Cost of acquired shares			$ 22,800	77,300	49,200
Excise taxes payable on shares repurchased				500
Total dividends				64,800	52,300
Dividends paid				63,600	51,500
Special dividends paid				$ 1,200	$ 800
Common Stock [Member]
Shares net settled		200,000	1,000,000	700,000	1,500,000
Net issued value		$ 6,900	$ 27,400	$ 21,700	$ 41,500
Employee tax obligations amount		5,000	$ 18,100	$ 16,700	$ 29,300
2023 Share Repurchase Program
Authorized amount for share repurchase program	$ 100,000
Number of shares acquired				9,500,000
Average cost of acquired shares (in dollars per share)				$ 25.07
Remaining authorized amount for share repurchase program		$ 51,900		$ 51,900
Cost of acquired shares				238,600
Unvested And Outstanding Restricted Share Awards And Stock Options
Special dividends paid				$ 900		$ 1,300

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Share-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 3.9	$ 4.4		$ 12.4	$ 13.3
Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total number of restricted shares granted	33,153			513,715	637,235
Vested (in shares)				773,507	827,872
Restricted Shares | Vest Over Two Years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total number of restricted shares granted	9,013			51,919
Vested (in shares)				30,012
Vesting period from grant date				2 years
Restricted Shares | Vest Over Three Years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total number of restricted shares granted				258,908
Vesting period from grant date			3 years
Restricted Shares | Vest Over Thirty Three Month
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total number of restricted shares granted				84,039
Vesting period from grant date				2 years
Restricted Shares | Vest One-Thirds in 3 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total number of restricted shares granted				31,073
Vesting period from grant date				3 years
Restricted Shares | Vest Two-Thirds in 2 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period from grant date				2 years
Restricted Shares | Vest One-Third in 2 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period from grant date				2 years
Restricted Shares | Vest Two-Thirds in 3 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total number of restricted shares granted				33,624
Vesting period from grant date				3 years
Restricted Shares | Vest Over Four Years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total number of restricted shares granted	24,140			24,140
Vesting period from grant date	4 years			4 years

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Share-Based Compensation - Schedule of Activity Related to Stock Options Awards and Restricted Stock Awards (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares
Employee Stock Option
Avg wtd grant-date fair value
Outstanding at beginning of period		$ 4.31	$ 3.94
Forfeited		0	6.46
Exercised		3.70	3.43
Outstanding at end of the period	$ 4.59	4.59	4.31
Vested		4.57	4.27
Unvested		4.85	4.85
Avg wtd exercise price
Outstanding at beginning of period		7.57	6.71
Forfeited		0	14.15
Exercised		5.70	5.53
Outstanding at end of the period	8.44	8.44	7.55
Vested	$ 8.36	8.36	7.45
Unvested		$ 9.23	$ 9.24
Units
Outstanding at beginning of period | shares		2,884,180	5,315,210
Forfeited | shares		0	(451)
Exercised | shares		(916,325)	(2,209,371)
Outstanding at end of the period | shares	1,967,855	1,967,855	3,105,388
Vested | shares		1,791,657	2,928,840
Unvested | shares	176,198	176,198	176,548
Restricted Shares
Avg wtd grant-date fair value
Unvested at beginning of period		$ 25.38	$ 17.75
Granted		30.09	31.14
Vested		22.83	17.39
Forfeited		29.60	28.86
Unvested at end of period	$ 30.30	$ 30.30	$ 25.34
Units
Unvested at beginning of period | shares		1,153,515	1,352,839
Granted | shares	33,153	513,715	637,235
Vested | shares		(773,507)	(827,872)
Forfeited | shares		(45,153)	(9,643)
Unvested at end of period | shares	848,570	848,570	1,152,559

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Earnings Per Share - Summary of Reconciliation of Basic Earnings Per Share and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share Reconciliation [Abstract]
Net income	$ 52,007	$ 72,764	$ 157,951	$ 223,242
Shares:
Basic: Weighted average number of shares outstanding	65,774	68,609	66,504	68,625
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments	1,902	3,268	2,132	4,172
Diluted: Weighted average number of shares outstanding	67,676	71,877	68,636	72,797
Earnings per share
Basic:	$ 0.79	$ 1.06	$ 2.38	$ 3.25
Diluted:	$ 0.77	$ 1.01	$ 2.30	$ 3.07

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Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Details) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Number of shares excluded from the computations of weighted average shares for diluted earnings per share because the effects would be anti dilutive	0.2	0.2

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Summary of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period		$ 1,046,101	$ 1,048,554	$ 1,065,410	$ 1,038,181	$ 986,274	$ 929,927	$ 1,065,410	$ 929,927
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(67)	3,913	(5,068)	9,946	5,004	16,199	(1,222)	31,149
Balance at end of period		1,076,136	1,046,101	1,048,554	1,067,009	1,038,181	986,274	1,076,136	1,067,009
Cash Flow Hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period	[1]			35,614			5,895	35,614	5,895
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification and tax	[1]							12,387	42,113
Tax impact	[1]							(3,008)	(10,176)
Reclassification adjustments, before tax	[1]							(14,005)	(558)
Tax impact	[1]							3,401	135
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	[1]							(1,225)	31,514
Balance at end of period	[1]	34,389			37,409			34,389	37,409
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period				(172)			77	(172)	77
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification and tax								4	(485)
Tax impact								(1)	120
Tax impact								0	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax								3	(365)
Balance at end of period		(169)			(288)			(169)	(288)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period		34,287	30,374	35,442	27,175	22,171	5,972	35,442	5,972
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification and tax								12,391	41,628
Tax impact								(3,009)	(10,056)
Reclassification adjustments, before tax								(14,005)	(558)
Tax impact								3,401	135
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(67)	3,913	(5,068)		5,004	16,199	(1,222)	31,149
Balance at end of period		$ 34,220	$ 34,287	$ 30,374	$ 37,121	$ 27,175	$ 22,171	$ 34,220	$ 37,121

[1] Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedges are recorded in interest expense and other financing costs.

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Derivatives - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 26, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Long term debt outstanding	$ 450,000
Other Assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate swap asset		$ 4,800
Interest Rate Swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 450,000	450,000	$ 450,000
Expiration date of swap	Jul. 01, 2026
Interest Rate Swap | Other Assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate swap asset		$ 45,314	$ 46,931
Interest Rate Swap | Maximum [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)	3.215%
Interest Rate Swap | Minimum [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)	3.149%

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Derivatives - Summary of Classification of Swap in Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Notional Amount (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 26, 2022
Other Assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair value of interest rate swap	$ 4,800
Interest Rate Swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	450,000	$ 450,000	$ 450,000
Interest Rate Swap | Other Assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair value of interest rate swap	$ 45,314	$ 46,931

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Derivatives - Summary of Effects of Swap in Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Income (loss) recognized in AOCI(L), net of tax	$ (56)	$ 10,024	$ (1,225)	$ 31,514
Interest Rate Swap | Reclassified from AOCI(L) | Other Comprehensive Income (loss) | Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Income (loss) recognized in AOCI(L), net of tax	(56)	10,024	(1,225)	31,514
Interest Rate Swap | Interest Expense and Other Financing Costs
Derivative [Line Items]
Income reclassified from AOCI(L)	$ 5,116	$ 1,459	$ 14,005	$ 558

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Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease ROU assets	[1]	$ 9,977	$ 13,396
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	[2]	4,448	5,056
Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities	[2]	7,138	10,227
Total operating lease liabilities		$ 11,586	$ 15,283
Weighted-average remaining lease term		4 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted-average discount rate		4.60%

[1] ROU assets are recorded in other assets on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

[2] Current portion and noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities are recorded in other liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Leases - Schedule of Components of Lease Expense and Other Lease Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 1,293	$ 1,318	$ 3,897	$ 3,983
Short-term lease cost	0	21	0	63
Variable lease cost	481	460	1,411	1,344
Gross lease cost	1,774	1,799	5,308	5,390
Sub-lease income	(204)	(206)	(610)	(621)
Net lease cost	1,570	1,593	4,698	4,769
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$ 1,419	$ 1,251	$ 4,237	$ 3,720

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Leases - Additional Information (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023
Minimum
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating lease remaining lease terms	1 year
Operating lease renewal options term	2 years
Maximum
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating lease remaining lease terms	5 years
Operating lease renewal options term	5 years

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Leases - Summary of Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 1,379
2024	4,197
2025	2,444
2026	1,623
2027	1,069
Thereafter	1,928
Total undiscounted lease payments	12,640
Less: imputed interest	1,054
Total lease liabilities	$ 11,586	$ 15,283

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Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 02, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Oct. 30, 2023	Oct. 10, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividends declared per share of common stock		$ 0.32	$ 0.25	$ 0.96	$ 0.75
Consideration payable for acquisition of business		$ 249,636		$ 249,636				$ 230,400
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividends declared per share of common stock	$ 0.32
Dividends, date of declared	Nov. 02, 2023
Consideration payable for acquisition of business						$ 43,400
USAA AMCO
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Consideration payable for acquisition of business		$ 36,400		$ 36,400				$ 27,700
USAA AMCO | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Consideration payable for acquisition of business							$ 36,400