10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended	March 31, 2023

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from                     to

Commission file number 001-35961

Liberty Global plc

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

England and Wales	98-1112770
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Griffin House
161 Hammersmith Rd
London
United Kingdom	W6 8BS
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

+44.208.483.6449 or 303.220.6600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A ordinary shares	LBTYA	Nasdaq Global Select Market
Class B ordinary shares	LBTYB	Nasdaq Global Select Market
Class C ordinary shares	LBTYK	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ         No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  þ        No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer  þ Accelerated Filer ¨  Non-Accelerated Filer ¨  

Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging Growth Company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  Yes  ☐ No  þ

The number of outstanding ordinary shares of Liberty Global plc as of April 30, 2023 was: 171,141,531 class A ordinary shares, 12,994,000 class B ordinary shares and 261,113,677 class C ordinary shares.

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page Number
	PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	10
ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	49
ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	76
ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	79
	PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	81
ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	81
ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	82

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,446.2	$	1,726.2
Trade receivables, net	830.6		830.6
Short-term investments (measured at fair value on a recurring basis) (note 5)	2,187.9		2,621.6
Derivative instruments (note 6)	474.5		382.7
Other current assets (notes 3 and 5)	720.7		736.3
Total current assets	5,659.9		6,297.4
Investments and related notes receivable (including $3,807.4 million and $2,271.4 million, respectively, measured at fair value on a recurring basis) (note 5)	16,384.7		14,948.5
Property and equipment, net (notes 8 and 10)	6,676.9		6,504.5
Goodwill (note 8)	9,432.5		9,316.1
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net (note 8)	2,264.2		2,342.4
Other assets, net (notes 3, 6 and 10)	3,387.6		3,486.1
Total assets	$	43,805.8	$	42,895.0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS — (Continued)

(unaudited)

 

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	478.5	$	610.1
Deferred revenue (note 3)	344.3		264.4
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations (notes 9 and 10)	758.5		799.7
Accrued capital expenditures	244.8		244.0
Derivative instruments (note 6)	282.1		296.8
Other accrued and current liabilities (note 10)	1,596.8		1,706.0
Total current liabilities	3,705.0		3,921.0
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations (notes 9 and 10)	14,289.2		12,963.5
Long-term operating lease liabilities (note 10)	1,640.5		1,645.9
Other long-term liabilities (notes 3 and 6)	1,801.6		1,791.2
Total liabilities	21,436.3		20,321.6
Commitments and contingencies (notes 6, 9, 10, 11 and 15)
Equity (note 12):
Liberty Global shareholders:
Class A ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value. Issued and outstanding 171,742,304 and 171,917,370 shares, respectively	1.8		1.8
Class B ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value. Issued and outstanding 12,994,000 and 12,994,000 shares, respectively	0.1		0.1
Class C ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value. Issued and outstanding 264,184,980 and 274,436,585 shares, respectively	2.6		2.7
Additional paid-in capital	2,111.2		2,300.8
Accumulated earnings	18,896.3		19,617.7
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings, net of taxes	1,210.5		513.4
Treasury shares, at cost	(0.1)		(0.1)
Total Liberty Global shareholders	22,222.4		22,436.4
Noncontrolling interests	147.1		137.0
Total equity	22,369.5		22,573.4
Total liabilities and equity	$	43,805.8	$	42,895.0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions, except per share amounts
Revenue (notes 3, 4, 5 and 16)	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization, shown separately below):
Programming and other direct costs of services (note 10)	570.7		536.8
Other operating (notes 10 and 13)	301.6		273.2
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) (notes 10 and 13)	415.4		410.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9		564.7
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net (note 10)	16.4		9.4
	1,831.0		1,794.5
Operating income	37.4		58.8
Non-operating income (expense):
Interest expense	(200.9)		(134.2)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net (note 6)	(34.4)		508.3
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	(302.9)		575.0
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net (notes 5 and 7)	(5.5)		(93.4)
Share of results of affiliates, net (note 5)	(238.6)		230.5
Other income, net	43.9		11.9
	(738.4)		1,098.1
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	(701.0)		1,156.9
Income tax expense (note 11)	(12.5)		(81.2)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	(713.5)		1,075.7
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of taxes (note 4)	—		34.6
Net earnings (loss)	(713.5)		1,110.3
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests	(7.9)		(72.0)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$	(721.4)	$	1,038.3
Basic earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Global shareholders per share (note 14):
Continuing operations	$	(1.59)	$	1.93
Discontinued operations	—		0.07
	$	(1.59)	$	2.00
Diluted earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Global shareholders per share (note 14):
Continuing operations	$	(1.59)	$	1.88
Discontinued operations	—		0.07
	$	(1.59)	$	1.95

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Net earnings (loss)	$	(713.5)	$	1,110.3
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of taxes:
Continuing operations:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	701.3		(1,185.3)
Reclassification adjustments included in net earnings (loss)	(0.2)		(1.0)
Pension-related adjustments and other	(3.5)		2.0
Other comprehensive earnings (loss) from continuing operations	697.6		(1,184.3)
Other comprehensive loss from discontinued operations (note 4)	—		(33.5)
Other comprehensive earnings (loss)	697.6		(1,217.8)
Comprehensive loss	(15.9)		(107.5)
Comprehensive earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests	(8.4)		(72.5)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$	(24.3)	$	(180.0)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(unaudited)

	Liberty Global shareholders																Non-controlling interests		Total equity
	Ordinary shares						Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive earnings, net of taxes		Treasury shares, at cost		Total Liberty Global shareholders
	Class A		Class B		Class C
	in millions
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	1.8	$	0.1	$	3.4	$	3,893.0	$	18,144.5	$	3,892.2	$	(0.1)	$	25,934.9	$	(336.9)	$	25,598.0
Net earnings	—		—		—		—		1,038.3		—		—		1,038.3		72.0		1,110.3
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	—		—		—		—		—		(1,218.3)		—		(1,218.3)		0.5		(1,217.8)
Repurchases and cancellations of Liberty Global ordinary shares (note 12)	—		—		(0.2)		(495.9)		—		—		—		(496.1)		—		(496.1)
Share-based compensation (note 13)	—		—		—		50.5		—		—		—		50.5		—		50.5
Repurchases by Telenet of its outstanding shares	—		—		—		(28.0)		—		—		—		(28.0)		3.1		(24.9)
Adjustments due to changes in subsidiaries’ equity and other, net	—		—		—		(13.5)		—		—		—		(13.5)		0.6		(12.9)
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	1.8	$	0.1	$	3.2	$	3,406.1	$	19,182.8	$	2,673.9	$	(0.1)	$	25,267.8	$	(260.7)	$	25,007.1

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY — (Continued)

(unaudited)

	Liberty Global shareholders																Non-controlling interests		Total equity
	Ordinary shares						Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive earnings, net of taxes		Treasury shares, at cost		Total Liberty Global shareholders
	Class A		Class B		Class C
	in millions
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	1.8	$	0.1	$	2.7	$	2,300.8	$	19,617.7	$	513.4	$	(0.1)	$	22,436.4	$	137.0	$	22,573.4
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(721.4)		—		—		(721.4)		7.9		(713.5)
Other comprehensive earnings, net of taxes	—		—		—		—		—		697.1		—		697.1		0.5		697.6
Repurchases and cancellations of Liberty Global ordinary shares (note 12)	—		—		(0.1)		(236.7)		—		—		—		(236.8)		—		(236.8)
Share-based compensation (note 13)	—		—		—		34.9		—		—		—		34.9		—		34.9
Adjustments due to changes in subsidiaries’ equity and other, net	—		—		—		12.2		—		—		—		12.2		1.7		13.9
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	1.8	$	0.1	$	2.6	$	2,111.2	$	18,896.3	$	1,210.5	$	(0.1)	$	22,222.4	$	147.1	$	22,369.5

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited) 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings (loss)	$	(713.5)	$	1,110.3
Earnings from discontinued operations	—		34.6
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	(713.5)		1,075.7
Adjustments to reconcile earnings (loss) from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations:
Share-based compensation expense	43.8		51.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9		564.7
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net	16.4		9.4
Amortization of deferred financing costs and non-cash interest	13.4		5.9
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivative instruments, net	34.4		(508.3)
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	302.9		(575.0)
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	5.5		93.4
Share of results of affiliates, net	238.6		(230.5)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(27.6)		46.9
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions and dispositions	(133.0)		(22.8)
Dividend distributions received from the VodafoneZiggo JV	—		94.8
Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations	307.8		605.6
Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations	—		51.1
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	307.8	$	656.7

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (Continued)

(unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash paid for investments	$	(3,631.7)	$	(2,200.7)
Cash received from the sale of investments	2,471.8		2,592.5
Capital expenditures, net	(377.2)		(372.8)
Dividend distributions received from the VMO2 JV	198.3		—
Cash paid in connection with acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(93.8)		—
Other investing activities, net	9.4		(58.4)
Net cash used by investing activities of continuing operations	(1,423.2)		(39.4)
Net cash used by investing activities of discontinued operations	—		(15.6)
Net cash used by investing activities	(1,423.2)		(55.0)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings of debt	1,220.3		—
Operating-related vendor financing additions	141.4		133.7
Repayments and repurchases of debt and finance lease obligations:
Debt (excluding vendor financing)	(6.7)		(0.7)
Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing	(143.5)		(208.4)
Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing	(104.5)		(35.9)
Principal payments on finance leases	(2.4)		(17.8)
Repurchases of Liberty Global ordinary shares	(229.3)		(480.6)
Net cash paid related to derivative instruments	(62.1)		(9.0)
Repurchases by Telenet of its outstanding shares	—		(25.7)
Other financing activities, net	0.6		(11.3)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities of continuing operations	813.8		(655.7)
Net cash used by financing activities of discontinued operations	—		(2.6)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities	$	813.8	$	(658.3)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (Continued)

(unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Continuing operations	$	22.0	$	(10.5)
Discontinued operations	—		—
Total	22.0		(10.5)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Continuing operations	(279.6)		(100.0)
Discontinued operations	—		32.9
Total	(279.6)		(67.1)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Beginning of period	1,732.4		917.3
Net decrease	(279.6)		(67.1)
End of period	$	1,452.8	$	850.2
Cash paid for interest:
Continuing operations	$	284.1	$	211.4
Discontinued operations	—		0.3
Total	$	284.1	$	211.7
Net cash paid for taxes:
Continuing operations	$	99.0	$	84.8
Discontinued operations	—		7.4
Total	$	99.0	$	92.2
Details of end of period cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,446.2	$	843.4
Restricted cash included in other current assets and other assets, net	6.6		6.8
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	1,452.8	$	850.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(1)   Basis of Presentation

Liberty Global plc (Liberty Global) is a public limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales. In these notes, the terms “we,” “our,” “our company” and “us” may refer, as the context requires, to Liberty Global or collectively to Liberty Global and its subsidiaries. We are an international provider of broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and mobile communications services to residential customers and businesses in Europe.

Our continuing operations comprise businesses that provide residential and business-to-business (B2B) communications services in (i) Switzerland and Slovakia through certain wholly-owned subsidiaries that we collectively refer to as “UPC Holding”, (ii) Belgium and Luxembourg through Telenet Group Holding N.V. (Telenet), a 61.1%-owned subsidiary, and (iii) Ireland through another wholly-owned subsidiary (VM Ireland). In addition, we own 50% noncontrolling interests in (a) a 50:50 joint venture (the VMO2 JV) with Telefónica SA (Telefónica), which provides residential and B2B communications services in the United Kingdom (U.K.), and (b) a 50:50 joint venture (the VodafoneZiggo JV) with Vodafone Group plc (Vodafone), which provides residential and B2B communications services in the Netherlands. We also own (1) a 50% noncontrolling voting interest in a joint venture (the AtlasEdge JV), which is a leading European Edge data center platform, and (2) a 25% noncontrolling interest in a joint venture (the nexfibre JV), which is constructing a new fiber network in the U.K. outside of the existing footprint of the VMO2 JV.

Through March 31, 2022, we provided residential and B2B communications services in Poland through UPC Holding. On April 1, 2022, we completed the sale of our operations in Poland. Accordingly, in these condensed consolidated financial statements, our operations in Poland are reflected as discontinued operations for all applicable periods. For additional information, see note 4.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information required by GAAP or Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2022 consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended (our 10-K).

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things, the valuation of acquisition-related assets and liabilities, allowances for uncollectible accounts, certain components of revenue, programming and copyright costs, deferred income taxes and related valuation allowances, loss contingencies, fair value measurements, impairment assessments, capitalization of internal costs associated with construction and installation activities, lease terms, useful lives of long-lived assets, share-based compensation and actuarial liabilities associated with certain benefit plans. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Unless otherwise indicated, the amounts presented in these notes relate only to our continuing operations, and ownership percentages and convenience translations into United States (U.S.) dollars are calculated as of March 31, 2023. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

10

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(2)   Accounting Changes

ASU 2022-04

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (ASU 2022-04), which requires additional disclosures for buyers participating in supplier financing programs, which we refer to as vendor financing, including (i) the key terms of the arrangement, (ii) the confirmed amount outstanding at the end of the period, (iii) the balance sheet presentation of related amounts and (iv) a reconciliation of the balances from period to period. We adopted ASU 2022-04 on January 1, 2023, and such adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. For additional information regarding our vendor financing obligations, see note 9.

ASU 2021-08

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08), which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. We adopted ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2023. The main impact of the adoption of ASU 2021-08 is the recognition of contract assets and contract liabilities in business combinations at amounts generally consistent with the carrying value of such assets and liabilities of the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date.

ASU 2020-04

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04), which provides, for a limited time, optional expedients and exceptions for certain contract modifications that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. In December 2022, the FASB deferred the expiration date of ASU 2020-04 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. In accordance with the optional expedients in ASU 2020-04, we have modified certain debt agreements to replace LIBOR with another reference rate and applied the practical expedient to account for the modification as a continuation of the existing contract, and we expect to modify certain additional debt agreements in the future. The use of optional expedients in ASU 2020-04 has not had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements to date. For additional information regarding our debt, see note 9.

11

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(3)    Revenue Recognition and Related Costs

Contract Balances

The timing of our recognition of revenue may differ from the timing of invoicing our customers. We record a trade receivable when we have transferred goods or services to a customer but have not yet received payment. Our trade receivables are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Such allowance aggregated $47.1 million and $43.1 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

If we transfer goods or services to a customer but do not have an unconditional right to payment, we record a contract asset. Contract assets typically arise from the uniform recognition of introductory promotional discounts over the contract period and accrued revenue for handset sales. Our contract assets were $35.5 million and $33.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our contract asset balances are included within other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We record deferred revenue when we receive payment prior to transferring goods or services to a customer. We primarily defer revenue for (i) installation and other upfront services and (ii) other services that are invoiced prior to when services are provided. Our deferred revenue balances were $352.4 million and $272.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is primarily due to the net effect of (a) the impact of additions during the period and (b) the recognition of $148.9 million of revenue that was included in our deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2022. The long-term portions of our deferred revenue balances are included within other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Costs

Our aggregate assets associated with incremental costs to obtain and fulfill our contracts were $72.8 million and $69.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our assets related to contract costs are included within other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We amortized $3.1 million and $4.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to operating costs and expenses related to these assets.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

A large portion of our revenue is derived from customers who are not subject to contracts. Revenue from customers who are subject to contracts is generally recognized over the term of such contracts, which is typically 12 months for our residential service contracts, one to three years for our mobile service contracts and one to five years for our B2B service contracts.

12

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(4)    Acquisitions and Dispositions

2022 Disposition

UPC Poland. On April 1, 2022, we completed the sale of 100% of our operations in Poland (UPC Poland) to a subsidiary of iliad S.A. (iliad).

In connection with the sale of UPC Poland, we have agreed to provide certain transitional services to iliad for a period of up to five years, depending on the service. These services principally comprise network and information technology-related functions. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded revenue of $9.3 million associated with these transitional services.

UPC Poland is presented as a discontinued operation in our condensed consolidated financial statements for all applicable periods. Effective with the signing of the sale and purchase agreement on September 22, 2021, we ceased to depreciate or amortize the associated long-lived assets. Our operations in Poland were held through UPC Holding prior to the disposal date. No debt, interest or derivative instruments of the UPC Holding borrowing group have been allocated to discontinued operations.

The operating results of UPC Poland for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are summarized in the following table (in millions). These amounts exclude intercompany revenue and expenses that are eliminated within our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue	$	109.5
Operating income	$	45.0
Earnings before income taxes	$	43.9
Income tax expense	(9.3)
Net earnings attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$	34.6

Pending Transaction

Telenet NetCo Transaction. On July 19, 2022, Telenet and Fluvius System Operator CV (Fluvius) entered into an agreement to create an independent, self-funding infrastructure company (NetCo) within their combined geographic footprint in Belgium. The companies will each contribute certain cable infrastructure assets with Telenet and Fluvius initially owning 66.8% and 33.2% of NetCo, respectively. Telenet and Liberty Global will consolidate NetCo upon closing of the transaction, which we currently expect to occur in mid-2023. The closing of the transaction is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including regulatory conditions and approval from Fluvius shareholders.

13

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(5)    Investments

The details of our investments are set forth below:

Accounting Method	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Ownership (a)
	in millions				%
Equity (b):
Long-term:
VMO2 JV	$	9,612.3	$	9,790.9	50.0
VodafoneZiggo JV (c)	2,330.7		2,345.8		50.0
AtlasEdge JV	232.3		122.2		47.9
All3Media Ltd. (All3Media)	144.5		143.9		50.0
Formula E Holdings Ltd	88.8		87.3		35.9
nexfibre JV	44.7		—		25.0
Other	124.0		187.0
Total — equity	12,577.3		12,677.1
Fair value:
Short-term:
Separately-managed accounts (SMAs) (d)	2,187.9		2,621.6
Long-term:
Vodafone - subject to re-use rights (e)	1,472.1		—		4.9
ITV plc (ITV)	407.5		362.4		9.9
Televisa Univision, Inc.	385.5		385.5		6.3
Lacework, Inc. (Lacework)	221.4		242.8		3.3
SMAs (d)	222.1		233.0
EdgeConneX, Inc. (EdgeConneX)	198.6		183.8		5.2
Plume Design, Inc. (Plume) (f)	228.7		246.2		11.5
Pax8, Inc.	99.0		99.0		5.9
Aviatrix Systems, Inc.	78.2		78.2		3.8
CANAL+ Polska S.A.	73.1		66.1		17.0
Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. (Lionsgate)	70.8		36.7		2.9
Other	350.4		337.7
Total — fair value	5,995.3		4,893.0
Total investments (g)	$	18,572.6	$	17,570.1
Short-term investments	$	2,187.9	$	2,621.6
Long-term investments	$	16,384.7	$	14,948.5

_______________

(a)Our ownership percentages are determined based on our legal ownership as of the most recent balance sheet date or are estimated based on the number of shares we own and the most recent publicly-available information.

(b)Our equity method investments are originally recorded at cost and are adjusted to recognize our share of net earnings or losses of the affiliates as they occur rather than as dividend distributions are received, with our recognition of losses generally limited to the extent of our investment in, and loans and commitments to, the investee. Accordingly, the carrying values of our equity method investments may not equal the respective fair values. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate carrying amounts of our equity method investments exceeded our proportionate share of the respective investee’s net assets by $1,206.0 million and $1,196.8 million, respectively, which primarily includes

14

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

amounts associated with the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables, as defined below, and amounts we are owed under a long-term note receivable from All3Media.

(c)Amounts include certain notes receivable due from a subsidiary of the VodafoneZiggo JV to a subsidiary of Liberty Global comprising (i) a euro-denominated note receivable with a principal amount of $760.9 million and $749.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, (the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable I) and (ii) a euro-denominated note receivable with a principal amount of $226.0 million and $222.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, (the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable II and, together with the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable I, the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables). The VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables bear interest at 5.55% and have a final maturity date of December 31, 2030. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, interest accrued on the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables was $13.5 million, all of which has been cash settled.

(d)Represents investments held under SMAs, which are maintained by investment managers acting as agents on our behalf. We classify, measure and report these investments, the composition of which may change from time to time, based on the underlying nature and characteristics of each security held under the SMAs. As of March 31, 2023, all of our investments held under SMAs were classified as available-for-sale debt securities. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, interest accrued on our debt securities, which is included in other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, was $24.0 million and $18.5 million, respectively.

(e)During the first quarter of 2023, we acquired 1,335 million shares of Vodafone at an average purchase price of £0.9195 ($1.1151 at the applicable rate) per share. The aggregate purchase price of £1,227.6 million ($1,488.7 million at the applicable rate) was funded with $269.2 million of cash on hand, net of a $0.3 million collar premium, and the remainder through a collar transaction (the Vodafone Collar Transaction). The Vodafone Collar Transaction includes a collar on the full amount of our Vodafone shares (the Vodafone Collar) and a loan (the Vodafone Collar Loan) collateralized by the Vodafone shares. Under the terms of the Vodafone Collar, the counterparty has the right to re-use pledged Vodafone shares. At March 31, 2023, after consideration of the Vodafone Collar Transaction, the net fair value of our investment in Vodafone is $249.2 million. For additional information regarding the Vodafone Collar Transaction, including a description of the related re-use rights and the impact on the dividends we receive on our Vodafone shares, see note 6.

(f)Our investment in Plume includes warrants with a fair value of $85.2 million and $92.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(g)The purchase and sale of investments are presented on a gross basis in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, including amounts associated with SMAs.

15

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Equity Method Investments

The following table sets forth the details of our share of results of affiliates, net:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
VMO2 JV (a)	$	(178.5)	$	187.1
VodafoneZiggo JV (b)	(35.7)		48.6
AtlasEdge JV	(10.1)		(3.0)
nexfibre JV	(8.6)		—
Other, net	(5.7)		(2.2)
Total	$	(238.6)	$	230.5

_______________

(a)Represents (i) our 50% share of the results of operations of the VMO2 JV and (ii) 100% of the share-based compensation expense associated with Liberty Global awards granted to VMO2 JV employees who were formerly employees of Liberty Global prior to the VMO2 JV formation, as these awards remain our responsibility.

(b)Represents (i) our 50% share of the results of operations of the VodafoneZiggo JV and (ii) 100% of the interest income earned on the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables.

VMO2 JV

Pursuant to an agreement (the U.K. JV Framework Agreement), Liberty Global provides certain services to the VMO2 JV on a transitional or ongoing basis (collectively, the U.K. JV Services). The U.K. JV Services provided by Liberty Global consist primarily of (i) technology and other services and (ii) capital-related expenditures for assets that will be used by or will otherwise benefit the VMO2 JV. Liberty Global charges both fixed and variable fees to the VMO2 JV for the U.K. JV Services it provides during the term of the U.K. JV Framework Agreement. We recorded revenue related to the U.K. JV Services of $65.8 million and $68.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $39.2 million and $37.0 million, respectively, was due from the VMO2 JV, primarily related to (a) services performed under the U.K. JV Framework Agreement and (b) amounts incurred by Liberty Global for certain equipment and licenses purchased on behalf of the VMO2 JV. The amounts due from the VMO2 JV, which are periodically cash settled, are included in other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we received a dividend distribution from the VMO2 JV aggregating $198.3 million, which was accounted for as a return of capital for purposes of our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

The summarized results of operations of the VMO2 JV are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Revenue	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	$	(454.0)	$	378.6
Net earnings (loss)	$	(352.1)	$	318.1

16

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

VodafoneZiggo JV

Pursuant to an agreement (the NL JV Framework Agreement), Liberty Global provides certain services to the VodafoneZiggo JV (collectively, the NL JV Services). The NL JV Services provided by Liberty Global consist primarily of (i) technology and other services and (ii) capital-related expenditures for assets that will be used by, or will otherwise benefit, the VodafoneZiggo JV. Liberty Global charges both fixed and usage-based fees to the VodafoneZiggo JV for the NL JV Services provided during the term of the NL JV Framework Agreement. We recorded revenue from the VodafoneZiggo JV of $65.0 million and $60.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to (a) the NL JV Services and (b) the sale of customer premises equipment (CPE) to the VodafoneZiggo JV at a mark-up. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $44.1 million and $35.0 million, respectively, was due from the VodafoneZiggo JV related to the aforementioned transactions. The amounts due from the VodafoneZiggo JV, which are periodically cash settled, are included in other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2022, we received a dividend distribution from the VodafoneZiggo JV aggregating $94.8 million, which was accounted for as a return on capital for purposes of our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

The summarized results of operations of the VodafoneZiggo JV are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Revenue	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	$	(108.9)	$	127.0
Net earnings (loss)	$	(88.1)	$	72.3

Fair Value Investments

The following table sets forth the details of our realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair value, net:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
ITV	$	45.1	$	(167.4)
Vodafone	(37.4)		—
Lionsgate	34.1		(2.5)
Lacework	(21.4)		—
Plume	(17.5)		0.2
SMAs	(14.5)		(8.9)
EdgeConneX	11.9		13.5
Other, net	(5.8)		71.7
Total	$	(5.5)	$	(93.4)

17

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Debt Securities

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of our SMAs were composed of debt securities, which are summarized in the following tables:

	March 31, 2023
	Amortized cost basis		Accumulated unrealized loss		Fair value
	in millions
Commercial paper	$	831.4	$	0.1	$	831.5
Government bonds	596.1		(1.6)		594.5
Certificates of deposit	481.6		(0.3)		481.3
Corporate debt securities	316.0		(3.0)		313.0
Other debt securities	189.7		—		189.7
Total debt securities	$	2,414.8	$	(4.8)	$	2,410.0

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized cost basis		Accumulated unrealized loss		Fair value
	in millions
Commercial paper	$	881.1	$	2.1	$	883.2
Government bonds	697.0		(1.4)		695.6
Certificates of deposit	520.5		(0.6)		519.9
Corporate debt securities	405.3		(4.8)		400.5
Other debt securities	355.0		0.4		355.4
Total debt securities	$	2,858.9	$	(4.3)	$	2,854.6

We received proceeds from the sale of debt securities of $2.4 billion and $2.6 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the majority of which were reinvested in new debt securities held under SMAs. The sale of debt securities resulted in realized net losses of $19.2 million and $3.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The fair values of our debt securities as of March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity are shown below (in millions):

Due in one year or less	$	2,187.9
Due in one to five years	221.0
Due in five to ten years	1.1
Total (a)	$	2,410.0

_______________

(a)The weighted average life of our total debt securities was 0.4 years as of March 31, 2023.

Our investment portfolio is subject to various macroeconomic pressures and has experienced significant volatility, which affects both our non-public and publicly-traded investments. Changes in the fair values of these investments, including changes with respect to interest rates within our local jurisdictions, are likely to continue and could be significant.

18

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(6)    Derivative Instruments

In general, we enter into derivative instruments to protect against (i) increases in the interest rates on our variable-rate debt, (ii) foreign currency movements, particularly with respect to borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the borrowing entity, and (iii) decreases in the market prices of certain publicly traded securities that we own. In this regard, through our subsidiaries, we have entered into various derivative instruments to manage interest rate exposure and foreign currency exposure primarily with respect to the U.S. dollar ($), the euro (€), the British pound sterling (£) and the Swiss franc (CHF). Generally, we do not apply hedge accounting to our derivative instruments. Accordingly, changes in the fair values of most of our derivative instruments are recorded in realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivative instruments, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table provides details of the fair values of our derivative instrument assets and liabilities:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Current		Long-term		Total		Current		Long-term		Total
	in millions
Assets (a):
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)	$	472.3	$	827.1	$	1,299.4	$	381.4	$	1,087.6	$	1,469.0
Equity-related derivative instruments (c)	—		121.3		121.3		—		—		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	2.0		—		2.0		1.0		—		1.0
Other	0.2		—		0.2		0.3		—		0.3
Total	$	474.5	$	948.4	$	1,422.9	$	382.7	$	1,087.6	$	1,470.3
Liabilities (a):
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)	$	187.3	$	434.7	$	622.0	$	286.5	$	449.0	$	735.5
Equity-related derivative instruments (c)	88.8		—		88.8		—		—		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	6.0		1.0		7.0		10.3		1.3		11.6
Total	$	282.1	$	435.7	$	717.8	$	296.8	$	450.3	$	747.1

_______________ 

(a)Our long-term derivative assets and long-term derivative liabilities are included in other assets, net, and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(b)We consider credit risk relating to our and our counterparties’ nonperformance in the fair value assessment of our derivative instruments. In all cases, the adjustments take into account offsetting liability or asset positions within each of our subsidiary borrowing groups (as defined and described in note 9). The changes in the credit risk valuation adjustments associated with our cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts resulted in a net gain (loss) of ($21.4 million) and $4.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts are included in realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For further information regarding our fair value measurements, see note 7.

(c)Our equity-related derivative instruments include the Vodafone Collar. The fair value of the Vodafone Collar does not include credit risk valuation adjustments as we assume that any losses incurred by our company in the event of nonperformance by the respective counterparty would be, subject to relevant insolvency laws, fully offset against amounts we owe to such counterparty pursuant to the related secured borrowing arrangements.

19

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

The details of our realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	(66.9)	$	472.3
Equity-related derivative instruments	31.7		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	0.8		36.4
Other	—		(0.4)
Total	$	(34.4)	$	508.3

The net cash received or paid related to our derivative instruments is classified as an operating, investing or financing activity in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows based on the objective of the derivative instrument and the classification of the applicable underlying cash flows. The following table sets forth the classification of the net cash outflows of our derivative instruments:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Operating activities	$	56.0	$	(43.2)
Investing activities	—		4.6
Financing activities	(62.1)		(9.0)
Total	$	(6.1)	$	(47.6)

Counterparty Credit Risk

We are exposed to the risk that the counterparties to the derivative instruments of our subsidiary borrowing groups will default on their obligations to us. We manage these credit risks through the evaluation and monitoring of the creditworthiness of, and concentration of risk with, the respective counterparties. In this regard, credit risk associated with our derivative instruments is spread across a relatively broad counterparty base of banks and financial institutions, however notwithstanding, given the size of our derivative portfolio, the default of certain counterparties could have a significant impact on our consolidated statements of operations. Collateral is generally not posted by either party under our derivative instruments. At March 31, 2023, our exposure to counterparty credit risk included derivative assets with an aggregate fair value of $777.6 million.

20

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Details of our Derivative Instruments

Cross-currency Derivative Contracts

We generally match the denomination of our subsidiaries’ borrowings with the functional currency of the supporting operations or, when it is more cost effective, we provide for an economic hedge against foreign currency exchange rate movements by using derivative instruments to synthetically convert unmatched debt into the applicable underlying currency. At March 31, 2023, substantially all of our debt was either directly or synthetically matched to the applicable functional currencies of the underlying operations. The following table sets forth the total notional amounts and the related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our cross-currency swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Notional amount due from counterparty		Notional amount due to counterparty			Weighted average remaining life
	in millions					in years
UPC Holding	$	250.0	€	220.6		2.5
	$	4,475.0	CHF	4,098.2	(a)	5.2
	€	1,952.6	CHF	2,176.5		4.0
Telenet	$	3,940.0	€	3,489.6	(a)	3.8
	€	45.2	$	50.0	(b)	1.8

_______________ 

(a)Includes certain derivative instruments that are “forward-starting,” such that the initial exchange occurs at a date subsequent to March 31, 2023. These instruments are typically entered into in order to extend existing hedges without the need to amend existing contracts.

(b)Includes certain derivative instruments that do not involve the exchange of notional amounts at the inception and maturity of the instruments. Accordingly, the only cash flows associated with these derivative instruments are coupon-related payments and receipts.

Interest Rate Swap Contracts

The following table sets forth the total U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amounts and the related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our interest rate swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Pays fixed rate				Receives fixed rate
	Notional amount			Weighted average remaining life	Notional amount		Weighted average remaining life
	in millions			in years	in millions		in years
UPC Holding	$	3,372.6	(a)	3.3	$	3,266.6	3.4
Telenet	$	3,080.1	(a)	2.2	$	1,415.2	0.6

_______________ 

(a)Includes forward-starting derivative instruments.

21

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Basis Swaps

Our basis swaps involve the exchange of attributes used to calculate our floating interest rates, including (i) the benchmark rate, (ii) the underlying currency and/or (iii) the borrowing period. We typically enter into these swaps to optimize our interest rate profile based on our current evaluations of yield curves, our risk management policies and other factors. The following table sets forth the total U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amounts and related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our basis swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Notional amount due from counterparty		Weighted average remaining life
	in millions		in years
UPC Holding	$	3,605.0	0.5
Telenet	$	3,501.5	0.5
VM Ireland	$	978.3	0.8

Interest Rate Caps, Floors and Collars

From time to time, we enter into interest rate cap, floor and collar agreements. Purchased interest rate caps and collars lock in a maximum interest rate if variable rates rise, but also allow our company to benefit, to a limited extent in the case of collars, from declines in market rates. Purchased interest rate floors protect us from interest rates falling below a certain level, generally to match a floating rate floor on a debt instrument. At March 31, 2023, we had no interest rate collar agreements, and the total U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amounts of our purchased interest rate caps and floors were $1.2 billion and $8.9 billion, respectively.

Impact of Derivative Instruments on Borrowing Costs

The impact of the derivative instruments that mitigate our foreign currency and interest rate risk, as described above, on our borrowing costs is as follows:

	Decrease to borrowing costs at March 31, 2023 (a)
UPC Holding	(3.14)	%
Telenet	(2.72)	%
VM Ireland	(2.58)	%
Total decrease to borrowing costs	(2.93)	%

_______________  

(a)Represents the effect of derivative instruments in effect at March 31, 2023 and does not include forward-starting derivative instruments.    

Foreign Currency Forwards and Options

Certain of our subsidiaries enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts with respect to non-functional currency exposure. As of March 31, 2023, the total U.S. dollar equivalent of the notional amounts of our foreign currency forward and option contracts was $502.2 million.

22

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Equity-related Derivative Instruments

Vodafone Collar and Vodafone Collar Loan. As part of the Vodafone Collar Transaction, on February 11, 2023, we entered into the Vodafone Collar with respect to all 1,335 million of our Vodafone shares. The Vodafone Collar is comprised of (i) purchase put options that we can exercise and (ii) written call options exercisable by the counterparty. The Vodafone Collar effectively hedges the value of our investment in Vodafone shares from potential losses due to market price decreases below the put option price while retaining a portion of the gains from market price increases up to the call option price. For additional information regarding our investment in Vodafone, see note 5.

The Vodafone Collar Transaction also provided us with the ability to effectively finance the purchase of the Vodafone shares. In this regard, on February 11, 2023, we borrowed €1,143.6 million ($1,219.8 million at the applicable rate) under the Vodafone Collar Loan. At March 31, 2023, borrowings under the Vodafone Collar Loan were collateralized by our Vodafone shares. The Vodafone Collar Loan has a face value of €1,258.0 million ($1,341.8 million at the applicable rate) and was issued at a discount of €114.4 million ($122.0 million at the applicable rate) with a zero coupon rate and an average implied yield of 295 basis points (2.95%). The Vodafone Collar Loan has settlement dates from July 2025 to December 2026, contains no financial covenants and provides for customary representations and warranties, events of default and certain adjustment and termination events. Under the terms of the Vodafone Collar, the counterparty has the right to re-use the pledged Vodafone shares, but we have the right to recall the shares that are re-used by the counterparty subject to certain costs. In addition, we will retain a portion of the dividends on the Vodafone shares, dependent on the value of the collar on the ex-dividend date.

(7)    Fair Value Measurements

We use the fair value method to account for (i) certain of our investments and (ii) our derivative instruments. The reported fair values of these investments and derivative instruments as of March 31, 2023 are unlikely to represent the value that will be paid or received upon the ultimate settlement or disposition of these assets and liabilities.

GAAP provides for a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted market prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. We record transfers of assets or liabilities into or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3 at the beginning of the quarter during which the transfer occurred.

We use a Monte Carlo based approach to incorporate a credit risk valuation adjustment in our fair value measurements to estimate the impact of both our own nonperformance risk and the nonperformance risk of our counterparties. Our credit risk valuation adjustments with respect to our cross-currency and interest rate swaps are quantified and further explained in note 6.

Fair value measurements are also used in connection with nonrecurring valuations performed in connection with acquisition accounting and impairment assessments. These nonrecurring valuations include the valuation of reporting units, customer relationships and other intangible assets, property and equipment and the implied value of goodwill. The valuation of reporting units are based at least in part on discounted cash flow analyses. With the exception of certain inputs for our weighted average cost of capital and discount rate calculations that are derived from pricing services, the inputs used in our discounted cash flow analyses, such as forecasts of future cash flows, including inputs with respect to revenue growth and Adjusted EBITDA margin (as defined in note 16), and terminal growth rates, are based on our assumptions. The valuation of customer relationships is primarily based on an excess earnings methodology, which is a form of a discounted cash flow analysis. The excess earnings methodology requires us to estimate the specific cash flows expected from the customer relationship, considering such factors as estimated customer life, the revenue expected to be generated over the life of the customer relationship, contributory asset charges and other factors. Tangible assets are typically valued using a replacement or reproduction cost approach, considering factors such as current prices of the same or similar equipment, the age of the equipment and economic obsolescence. The implied value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination, with the residual amount allocated to goodwill. Most of our nonrecurring valuations use significant unobservable inputs and therefore fall under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not perform any significant nonrecurring fair value measurements.

23

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

For additional information concerning our fair value measurements, see note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 10-K.

A summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows:

			Fair value measurements at March 31, 2023 using:
Description	March 31, 2023		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	in millions
Assets:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	1,299.4	$	—	$	1,299.4	$	—
Equity-related derivative instruments	121.3		—		—		121.3
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	2.0		—		2.0		—
Other	0.2		—		0.2		—
Total derivative instruments	1,422.9		—		1,301.6		121.3
Investments:
SMAs	2,410.0		695.7		1,714.3		—
Other investments	3,585.3		1,950.6		0.1		1,634.6
Total investments	5,995.3		2,646.3		1,714.4		1,634.6
Total assets	$	7,418.2	$	2,646.3	$	3,016.0	$	1,755.9
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	622.0	$	—	$	622.0	$	—
Equity-related derivative instruments	88.8		—		—		88.8
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	7.0		—		7.0		—
Total liabilities	$	717.8	$	—	$	629.0	$	88.8

24

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

			Fair value measurements at  December 31, 2022 using:
Description	December 31, 2022		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	in millions
Assets:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	1,469.0	$	—	$	1,469.0	$	—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	1.0		—		1.0		—
Other	0.3		—		0.3		—
Total derivative instruments	1,470.3		—		1,470.3		—
Investments:
SMAs	2,854.6		943.2		1,911.4		—
Other investments	2,038.4		399.3		0.1		1,639.0
Total investments	4,893.0		1,342.5		1,911.5		1,639.0
Total assets	$	6,363.3	$	1,342.5	$	3,381.8	$	1,639.0
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	735.5	$	—	$	735.5	$	—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	11.6		—		11.6		—
Total liabilities	$	747.1	$	—	$	747.1	$	—

25

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable, or Level 3, inputs is as follows:

	Investments		Equity-related derivative instruments		Total
	in millions
Balance of net assets at January 1, 2023	$	1,639.0	$	—	$	1,639.0
Gains (losses) included in loss from continuing operations (a):
Realized and unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net	—		31.7		31.7
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	(32.8)		—		(32.8)
Additions	16.4		—		16.4
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other, net	12.0		0.8		12.8
Balance of net assets at March 31, 2023 (b)	$	1,634.6	$	32.5	$	1,667.1

_______________

(a)Amounts primarily relate to assets and liabilities that we continue to carry on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023.

(b)As of March 31, 2023, $322.8 million of our Level 3 investments were accounted for under the measurement alternative at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes.

(8)    Long-lived Assets

Property and Equipment, Net

The details of our property and equipment and the related accumulated depreciation are set forth below:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
Distribution systems	$	9,428.5	$	9,134.3
Support equipment, buildings and land	4,196.5		4,067.2
Customer premises equipment	1,304.6		1,338.1
Total property and equipment, gross	14,929.6		14,539.6
Accumulated depreciation	(8,252.7)		(8,035.1)
Total property and equipment, net	$	6,676.9	$	6,504.5

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash increases to our property and equipment related to vendor financing arrangements of $42.3 million and $66.7 million, respectively, which exclude related value-added taxes (VAT) of $6.7 million and $6.6 million, respectively, that were also financed under these arrangements.

26

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2023 are set forth below:

	January 1, 2023		Acquisitions and related adjustments		Foreign currency translation adjustments and other		March 31, 2023
	in millions
Switzerland	$	6,515.1	$	8.6	$	57.7	$	6,581.4
Belgium	2,480.2		8.5		36.9		2,525.6
Ireland	259.5		—		3.9		263.4
Central and Other	61.3		—		0.8		62.1
Total	$	9,316.1	$	17.1	$	99.3	$	9,432.5

If, among other factors, (i) our equity values were to decline or (ii) the adverse impacts of economic, competitive, regulatory or other factors were to cause our results of operations or cash flows to be worse than anticipated, we could conclude in future periods that impairment charges are required in order to reduce the carrying values of our goodwill and, to a lesser extent, other long-lived assets. Any such impairment charges could be significant.

Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization, Net

The details of our intangible assets subject to amortization are set forth below:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
	in millions
Customer relationships	$	2,319.4	$	(1,030.3)	$	1,289.1	$	2,289.9	$	(932.2)	$	1,357.7
Other	1,487.1		(512.0)		975.1		1,467.2		(482.5)		984.7
Total	$	3,806.5	$	(1,542.3)	$	2,264.2	$	3,757.1	$	(1,414.7)	$	2,342.4

27

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(9)    Debt

The U.S. dollar equivalents of the components of our debt are as follows:

	March 31, 2023						Principal amount
	Weighted average interest rate (a)		Unused borrowing capacity (b)
			Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
			in millions
UPC Holding Bank Facility (c)	6.96	%	€	713.4	$	775.4	$	3,605.1	$	3,587.7
UPC SPE Notes	4.57	%	—		—		1,657.5		1,651.6
UPC Holding Senior Notes	4.77	%	—		—		819.5		814.2
Telenet Credit Facility (d)	6.27	%	€	555.0	603.3		3,501.5		3,483.9
Telenet Senior Secured Notes	4.76	%	—		—		1,587.0		1,578.4
VM Ireland Credit Facility (e)	6.38	%	€	100.0	108.7		978.3		963.9
Vodafone Collar Loan (f)	2.95	%	—		—		1,367.4		—
Vendor financing (g)	3.73	%	—		—		655.3		704.7
Other (h)	6.32	%	—		—		587.1		585.8
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums (i)	5.59	%			$	1,487.4	$	14,758.7	$	13,370.2

The following table provides a reconciliation of total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums to total debt and finance lease obligations:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums	$	14,758.7	$	13,370.2
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(161.8)		(43.1)
Total carrying amount of debt	14,596.9		13,327.1
Finance lease obligations (note 10)	450.8		436.1
Total debt and finance lease obligations	15,047.7		13,763.2
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	(758.5)		(799.7)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	$	14,289.2	$	12,963.5

_______________

(a)Represents the weighted average interest rate in effect at March 31, 2023 for all borrowings outstanding pursuant to each debt instrument, including any applicable margin. The interest rates presented represent stated rates and do not include the impact of derivative instruments, deferred financing costs, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, all of which affect our overall cost of borrowing. Including the effects of derivative instruments, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, but excluding the impact of deferred financing costs and certain other obligations that we assumed in connection with certain acquisitions, the weighted average interest rate on our aggregate variable- and fixed-rate indebtedness was 3.22% at March 31, 2023. For information regarding our derivative instruments, see note 6.

(b)Unused borrowing capacity represents the maximum availability under the applicable facility at March 31, 2023 without regard to covenant compliance calculations or other conditions precedent to borrowing. The following table provides our borrowing availability and amounts available to loan or distribute in accordance with the terms of the respective

28

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

subsidiary facilities, (i) at March 31, 2023 and (ii) upon completion of the relevant March 31, 2023 compliance reporting requirements. These amounts do not consider any actual or potential changes to our borrowing levels or any amounts loaned or distributed subsequent to March 31, 2023, or the full impact of additional amounts that may be available to borrow, loan or distribute under certain defined baskets within each respective facility.

	Availability
	March 31, 2023				Upon completion of the relevant March 31, 2023 compliance reporting requirements
	Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent		Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent
	in millions
Available to borrow:
UPC Holding Bank Facility	€	713.4	$	775.4	€	713.4	$	775.4
Telenet Credit Facility	€	555.0	$	603.3	€	555.0	$	603.3
VM Ireland Credit Facility	€	100.0	$	108.7	€	100.0	$	108.7
Available to loan or distribute:
UPC Holding Bank Facility	€	713.4	$	775.4	€	713.4	$	775.4
Telenet Credit Facility	€	555.0	$	603.3	€	555.0	$	603.3
VM Ireland Credit Facility	€	100.0	$	108.7	€	100.0	$	108.7

(c)Unused borrowing capacity under the UPC Holding Bank Facility relates to an equivalent €713.4 million ($775.4 million) under the UPC Revolving Facility, part of which has been made available as an ancillary facility. With the exception of €23.0 million ($25.0 million) of borrowings under the ancillary facility, the UPC Revolving Facility was undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(d)Unused borrowing capacity under the Telenet Credit Facility comprises (i) €510.0 million ($554.3 million) under the Telenet Revolving Facility I, (ii) €25.0 million ($27.2 million) under the Telenet Overdraft Facility and (iii) €20.0 million ($21.8 million) under the Telenet Revolving Facility, each of which were undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(e)Unused borrowing capacity under the VM Ireland Credit Facility relates to €100.0 million ($108.7 million) under the VM Ireland Revolving Facility, which was undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(f)For information regarding the Vodafone Collar Loan, see notes 5 and 6.

(g)Represents amounts owed to various creditors pursuant to interest-bearing vendor financing arrangements that are used to finance certain of our property and equipment additions and operating expenses. These arrangements extend our repayment terms beyond a vendor’s original due dates (e.g., extension beyond a vendor’s customary payment terms, which are generally 90 days or less) and as such are classified outside of accounts payable as debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. These obligations are generally due within one year and include VAT that was also financed under these arrangements. For purposes of our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, operating-related expenses financed by an intermediary are treated as constructive operating cash outflows and constructive financing cash inflows when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor as there is no actual cash outflow until we pay the financing intermediary. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the constructive cash outflow included in cash flows from operating activities and the corresponding constructive cash inflow included in cash flows from financing activities related to these operating expenses were $141.4 million and $133.7 million, respectively. Repayments of vendor financing obligations at the time we pay the financing intermediary are included in repayments and repurchases of debt and finance lease obligations in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

(h)Amounts include $425.5 million and $428.1 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, of liabilities related to Telenet’s acquisition of mobile spectrum licenses. Telenet will make annual payments for the license fees over the terms of the respective licenses.

29

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(i)As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our debt had an estimated fair value of $14.1 billion and $12.6 billion, respectively. The estimated fair values of our debt instruments are generally determined using the average of applicable bid and ask prices (mostly Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy). For additional information regarding fair value hierarchies, see note 7.

General Information

At March 31, 2023, most of our outstanding debt had been incurred by one of our three subsidiary “borrowing groups.” References to these borrowing groups, which comprise UPC Holding, Telenet and VM Ireland, include their respective restricted parent and subsidiary entities. For information regarding the general terms and conditions of our debt and capitalized terms not defined herein, see note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 10-K. For information regarding certain financing transactions completed subsequent to March 31, 2023, see note 17.

Maturities of Debt

Maturities of our debt as of March 31, 2023 are presented below for the named entity and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise noted, and represent U.S. dollar equivalents based on March 31, 2023 exchange rates.

	UPC Holding (a)		Telenet		VM Ireland		Other (b)		Total
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	210.6	$	328.8	$	—	$	24.6	$	564.0
2024	54.3		71.4		—		15.4		141.1
2025	—		36.3		—		323.8		360.1
2026	—		38.0		—		1,044.8		1,082.8
2027	—		37.8		—		—		37.8
2028	1,152.3		3,919.8		—		—		5,072.1
Thereafter	4,929.8		1,592.7		978.3		—		7,500.8
Total debt maturities (c)	6,347.0		6,024.8		978.3		1,408.6		14,758.7
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(24.7)		(10.8)		(5.9)		(120.4)		(161.8)
Total debt	$	6,322.3	$	6,014.0	$	972.4	$	1,288.2	$	14,596.9
Current portion	$	264.9	$	375.3	$	—	$	29.3	$	669.5
Long-term portion	$	6,057.4	$	5,638.7	$	972.4	$	1,258.9	$	13,927.4

_______________

(a)Amounts include certain senior secured notes issued by special purpose financing entities that are consolidated by UPC Holding and Liberty Global.

(b)Includes $1,367.4 million related to the Vodafone Collar Loan, which has settlement dates in 2025 and 2026 consistent with the Vodafone Collar. We may elect to use cash or the collective value of the related shares and Vodafone Collar to settle amounts under the Vodafone Collar Loan.

30

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(c)Amounts include vendor financing obligations of $655.3 million, as set forth below:

	UPC Holding		Telenet		Other		Total
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	210.6	$	309.1	$	24.6	$	544.3
2024	54.3		40.1		15.4		109.8
2025	—		—		1.2		1.2
Total vendor financing maturities	$	264.9	$	349.2	$	41.2	$	655.3
Current portion	$	264.9	$	349.2	$	29.3	$	643.4
Long-term portion	$	—	$	—	$	11.9	$	11.9

Vendor Financing Obligations

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our vendor financing obligations for the indicated periods is set forth below:

	2023		2022
	in millions
Balance at January 1	$	704.7	$	843.2
Operating-related vendor financing additions	141.4		133.7
Capital-related vendor financing additions	42.3		66.7
Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing	(143.5)		(208.4)
Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing	(104.5)		(35.9)
Foreign currency and other	14.9		(9.7)
Balance at March 31	$	655.3	$	789.6

31

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(10) Leases

General

We enter into operating and finance leases for network equipment, real estate, mobile site sharing and vehicles. We provide residual value guarantees on certain of our vehicle leases.

Lease Balances

A summary of our right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities is set forth below:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
ROU assets:
Finance leases (a)	$	373.0	$	377.6
Operating leases (b)	1,729.7		1,724.4
Total ROU assets	$	2,102.7	$	2,102.0
Lease liabilities:
Finance leases (c)	$	450.8	$	436.1
Operating leases (d)	1,788.8		1,791.1
Total lease liabilities	$	2,239.6	$	2,227.2

_______________

(a)Our finance lease ROU assets are included in property and equipment, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for finance leases was 21.5 years and the weighted average discount rate was 6.1%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our finance lease ROU assets of $7.3 million and $8.7 million, respectively.

(b)Our operating lease ROU assets are included in other assets, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 12.9 years and the weighted average discount rate was 5.7%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our operating lease ROU assets of $25.0 million and $51.2 million, respectively.

(c)The current and long-term portions of our finance lease liabilities are included within current portion of debt and finance lease obligations and long-term debt and finance lease obligations, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(d)The current portions of our operating lease liabilities are included within other accrued and current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

32

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

A summary of our aggregate lease expense is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Finance lease expense:
Depreciation and amortization	$	17.3	$	16.5
Interest expense	6.2		6.5
Total finance lease expense	23.5		23.0
Operating lease expense (a)	59.3		51.7
Short-term lease expense (a)	1.1		1.1
Variable lease expense (b)	0.4		1.1
Total lease expense	$	84.3	$	76.9

_______________

(a)Our operating lease expense and short-term lease expense are included in programming and other direct costs of services, other operating expenses, SG&A expenses and impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(b)Variable lease expense represents payments made to a lessor during the lease term that vary because of a change in circumstance that occurred after the lease commencement date. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and are included in other operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of our cash outflows from operating and finance leases is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	59.9	$	78.3
Operating cash outflows from finance leases (interest component)	6.2		6.5
Financing cash outflows from finance leases (principal component)	2.4		17.8
Total cash outflows from operating and finance leases	$	68.5	$	102.6

33

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Maturities of our operating and finance lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 are presented below. Amounts represent U.S. dollar equivalents based on March 31, 2023 exchange rates:

	Operating leases		Finance leases
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	171.2	$	100.8
2024	223.6		69.8
2025	209.9		64.6
2026	197.0		58.5
2027	188.5		53.3
2028	184.1		45.8
Thereafter	1,393.6		190.6
Total payments	2,567.9		583.4
Less: present value discount	(779.1)		(132.6)
Present value of lease payments	$	1,788.8	$	450.8
Current portion	$	148.3	$	89.0
Long-term portion	$	1,640.5	$	361.8

(11)    Income Taxes

Income tax expense attributable to our earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes differs from the amounts computed using the applicable income tax rate as a result of the following factors:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Computed “expected” tax benefit (expense) (a)	$	164.7	$	(219.8)
Non-deductible or non-taxable foreign currency exchange results	(88.2)		128.2
Basis and other differences in the treatment of items associated with investments in subsidiaries and affiliates (b)	(76.6)		62.2
Non-deductible or non-taxable interest and other expenses	(26.1)		(32.2)
Valuation allowance	19.7		13.9
International rate differences (c)	(4.4)		(40.9)
Other, net	(1.6)		7.4
Total income tax expense	$	(12.5)	$	(81.2)

_______________

(a)The statutory or “expected” tax rates are the U.K. rates of 23.5% for the 2023 period and 19.0% for the 2022 period. The statutory rate for the 2023 period represents the blended rate in effect for the year ended December 31, 2023 based on the 19.0% statutory rate that was in effect for the first quarter of 2023 and the 25.0% statutory rate that is in effect from April 1, 2023.

(b)Amounts reflect the net impact of differences in the treatment of income and loss items between financial reporting and tax accounting related to investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, including the effects of foreign earnings.

34

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(c)Amounts reflect adjustments (either a benefit or expense) to the “expected” tax benefit (expense) for statutory rates in jurisdictions in which we operate outside of the U.K.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in the U.S. Although this legislation does not increase the U.S. corporate income tax rate, it includes, among other provisions, a new corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) on “adjusted financial statement income” that is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. We do not currently anticipate the CAMT will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements although we will continue to monitor additional guidance as it is issued to assess the impact to our tax position. We will disregard our CAMT status when evaluating our deferred tax assets under the regular U.S. tax system.

As of March 31, 2023, our unrecognized tax benefits were $442.7 million, of which $345.4 million would have a favorable impact on our effective income tax rate if ultimately recognized, after considering amounts that we would expect to be offset by valuation allowances and other factors. During the next 12 months, we do not expect any material reductions to our unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions taken as of March 31, 2023. No assurance can be given as to the nature or impact of any changes in our unrecognized tax positions during the next 12 months.    

Certain of our subsidiaries are currently involved in income tax examinations in various jurisdictions in which we operate, including Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg and the U.S. While we do not expect adjustments from the foregoing examinations to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, no assurance can be given that this will be the case given the amounts involved and the complex nature of the related issues.

On October 7, 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice filed suit against Liberty Global, Inc. (LGI), a wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary of Liberty Global, in the U.S. District Court of Colorado for unpaid federal income taxes and penalties for the 2018 tax year of approximately $284 million. This action by the U.S. Department of Justice is related to the November 2020 complaint filed by LGI in the District Court of Colorado seeking a refund of approximately $110 million of taxes, penalties and interest associated with the application of certain temporary Treasury regulations issued in June 2019. No amounts have been accrued by LGI with respect to this matter. We will vigorously defend this matter and continue to actively pursue our claim for refund.

(12)    Equity

Share Repurchases. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased (i) 430,000 shares of our Class A ordinary shares at an average price per share of $18.46 and (ii) 10,812,400 shares of our Class C ordinary shares at an average price per share of $21.17, for an aggregate purchase price of $236.8 million, including direct acquisition costs.

As of March 31, 2023, the remaining number of our Class A and/or Class C ordinary shares that we are authorized to repurchase during 2023 was 34.7 million. Based on the average of the respective closing share prices as of March 31, 2023, this would equate to additional share repurchases during the remainder of 2023 of approximately $691.9 million. However, the actual U.S. dollar amount of our share repurchases during the remainder of 2023 will be determined by the actual transaction date share prices during the year and could differ significantly from this amount.

35

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(13)    Share-based Compensation

Our share-based compensation expense primarily relates to the share-based incentive awards issued by Liberty Global to its employees and employees of its subsidiaries. A summary of our aggregate share-based compensation expense is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Liberty Global:
Non-performance based incentive awards	$	29.2	$	33.0
Performance-based incentive awards (a)	—		7.1
Other (b)	6.8		9.0
Total Liberty Global	36.0		49.1
Other	7.8		2.3
Total	$	43.8	$	51.4
Included in:
Other operating expense	$	2.2	$	0.3
SG&A expense	41.6		51.1
Total	$	43.8	$	51.4

_______________

(a)The 2022 amount includes share-based compensation expense related to our 2019 Challenge Performance Awards.

(b)Represents annual incentive compensation and defined contribution plan liabilities that have been or are expected to be settled with Liberty Global ordinary shares. In the case of annual incentive compensation, shares have been or will be issued to senior management and key employees pursuant to a shareholding incentive program. The shareholding incentive program allows these employees to elect to receive up to 100% of their annual incentive compensation in ordinary shares of Liberty Global in lieu of cash.

36

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

The following table provides the aggregate number of options, share appreciation rights (SARs) and performance-based share appreciation rights (PSARs) with respect to awards issued by Liberty Global that were (i) outstanding and (ii) exercisable as of March 31, 2023:

	Class A			Class C
	Gross number of shares underlying option, SAR and PSAR awards (a)	Weighted average exercise or base price		Gross number of shares underlying option, SAR and PSAR awards (a)	Weighted average exercise or base price
Held by Liberty Global employees:
Outstanding	27,397,121	$	26.18	65,090,831	$	25.40
Exercisable	18,003,373	$	28.13	38,720,987	$	27.04
Held by former Liberty Global employees (b):
Outstanding	1,623,956	$	31.56	3,531,628	$	30.17
Exercisable	1,540,291	$	32.09	3,364,330	$	30.59

_______________

(a)Amounts represent the gross number of shares associated with option, SAR and PSAR awards issued to our current and former employees and our directors. Our company settles SARs and PSARs on a net basis when exercised by the award holder, whereby the number of shares issued represents the excess value of the award based on the market price of the respective Liberty Global shares at the time of exercise relative to the award’s exercise price. In addition, the number of shares issued is further reduced by the amount of the employee’s required income tax withholding.

(b)Amounts represent certain share-based awards that continue to be held by former employees of Liberty Global subsequent to certain split-off or disposal transactions. Although future exercises of these awards by former employees will not result in the recognition of share-based compensation expense, such exercises will increase the number of our outstanding ordinary shares.

The following table provides the aggregate number of restricted share units (RSUs) that were outstanding as of March 31, 2023. The number of shares to be issued on the vesting date of these awards will be reduced by the amount of the employee’s required income tax withholding.

	Class A	Class C
Held by Liberty Global employees	3,171,336	6,898,733
Held by former Liberty Global employees (a)	34,359	68,701

_______________

(a)Amounts represent certain share-based awards that continue to be held by former employees of Liberty Global subsequent to certain split-off or disposal transactions. The future vesting of these RSUs will increase the number of our outstanding ordinary shares.

37

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(14)    Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic earnings or loss per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net earnings or loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect, if any, on a per share basis of potential shares from share-based incentive awards as if they had been exercised, vested or converted at the beginning of the periods presented. For additional information regarding our share-based incentive awards, see note 13.

The details of our basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (basic EPS computation)	454,394,944	520,320,152
Incremental shares attributable to the assumed exercise or release of outstanding share-based incentive awards upon vesting (treasury stock method)	—	12,364,920
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (diluted EPS computation)	454,394,944	532,685,072

We reported a loss from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Therefore, the potentially dilutive effect at March 31, 2023 excludes 111.1 million shares issuable pursuant to outstanding share-based incentive awards in the computation of diluted loss from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive to the computation.

The calculation of diluted EPS excludes aggregate share-based incentive awards of 56.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

The details of our net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	(713.5)	$	1,075.7
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	(7.9)		(72.0)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$	(721.4)	$	1,003.7

38

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

(15)    Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In the normal course of business, we enter into agreements that commit our company to make cash payments in future periods with respect to network and connectivity commitments, purchases of CPE and other equipment and services, programming contracts and other items. The following table sets forth the U.S. dollar equivalents of such commitments as of March 31, 2023. The commitments included in this table do not reflect any liabilities that are included on our March 31, 2023 condensed consolidated balance sheet.

	Payments due during:
	Remainder of 2023
			2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
	in millions
Network and connectivity commitments	$	224.9	$	184.4	$	128.1	$	78.1	$	73.6	$	71.7	$	766.1	$	1,526.9
Purchase commitments	351.9		178.8		51.8		14.4		1.1		0.2		—		598.2
Programming commitments	141.4		145.8		104.6		42.5		20.1		—		—		454.4
Other commitments	98.3		154.3		160.6		123.8		28.6		26.7		91.5		683.8
Total	$	816.5	$	663.3	$	445.1	$	258.8	$	123.4	$	98.6	$	857.6	$	3,263.3

Network and connectivity commitments include (i) Telenet’s commitments for certain operating costs associated with its leased network and (ii) certain network capacity arrangements in Switzerland. Telenet’s commitments for certain operating costs are subject to adjustment based on changes in the network operating costs incurred by Telenet with respect to its own networks. These potential adjustments are not subject to reasonable estimation and, therefore, are not included in the above table.

Purchase commitments include unconditional and legally binding obligations related to (i) certain service-related commitments, including information technology, maintenance and call center services and (ii) the purchase of CPE, network and other equipment.

Programming commitments consist of obligations associated with certain of our programming, studio output and sports rights contracts that are enforceable and legally binding on us as we have agreed to pay minimum fees without regard to (i) the actual number of subscribers to the programming services, (ii) whether we terminate service to a portion of our subscribers or dispose of a portion of our distribution systems or (iii) whether we discontinue our premium sports services. Programming commitments do not include increases in future periods associated with contractual inflation or other price adjustments that are not fixed. Accordingly, the amounts reflected in the above table with respect to these contracts are significantly less than the amounts we expect to pay in these periods under these contracts. Historically, payments to programming vendors have represented a significant portion of our operating costs, and we expect this will continue to be the case in future periods. In this regard, our total programming and copyright costs aggregated $154.1 million and $145.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Other commitments include (i) our share of the funding commitment associated with the nexfibre JV and (ii) various sports sponsorships.

In addition to the commitments set forth in the table above, we have significant commitments under (i) derivative instruments and (ii) defined benefit plans and similar agreements, pursuant to which we expect to make payments in future periods. For information regarding our derivative instruments, including the net cash paid or received in connection with these instruments during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, see note 6.

39

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

We also have commitments pursuant to agreements with, and obligations imposed by, franchise authorities and municipalities, which may include obligations in certain markets to move aerial cable to underground ducts or to upgrade, rebuild or extend portions of our broadband communication systems. Such amounts are not included in the above table because they are not fixed or determinable.

Guarantees and Other Credit Enhancements

In the ordinary course of business, we may provide (i) indemnifications to our lenders, our vendors and certain other parties and (ii) performance and/or financial guarantees to local municipalities, our customers and vendors. Historically, these arrangements have not resulted in our company making any material payments and we do not believe that they will result in material payments in the future.

Legal and Regulatory Proceedings and Other Contingencies

Interkabel Acquisition. On November 26, 2007, Telenet and four associations of municipalities in Belgium, which we refer to as the pure intercommunales or the “PICs,” announced a non-binding agreement-in-principle to transfer the analog and digital television activities of the PICs, including all existing subscribers, to Telenet. Subsequently, Telenet and the PICs entered into a binding agreement (the 2008 PICs Agreement), which closed effective October 1, 2008. Beginning in December 2007, Proximus NV/SA (Proximus), the incumbent telecommunications operator in Belgium, instituted several proceedings seeking to block implementation of these agreements. Proximus lodged summary proceedings with the President of the Court of First Instance of Antwerp to obtain a provisional injunction preventing the PICs from effecting the agreement-in-principle and initiated a civil procedure on the merits claiming the annulment of the agreement-in-principle. In March 2008, the President of the Court of First Instance of Antwerp ruled in favor of Proximus in the summary proceedings, which ruling was overturned by the Court of Appeal of Antwerp in June 2008. Proximus brought an appeal judgment before the Belgian Supreme Court, which confirmed the appeal judgment in September 2010. On April 6, 2009, the Court of First Instance of Antwerp ruled in favor of the PICs and Telenet in the civil procedure on the merits, dismissing Proximus’ request for the rescission of the agreement-in-principle and the 2008 PICs Agreement. On June 12, 2009, Proximus appealed this judgment to the Court of Appeal of Antwerp. In this appeal, Proximus also sought compensation for damages. While these proceedings were suspended indefinitely, other proceedings were initiated, which resulted in a ruling by the Belgian Council of State in May 2014 annulling (i) the decision of the PICs not to organize a public market consultation and (ii) the decision from the PICs’ board of directors to approve the 2008 PICs Agreement. In December 2015, Proximus resumed the civil proceedings pending with the Court of Appeal of Antwerp seeking to have the 2008 PICs Agreement annulled and claiming damages of €1.4 billion ($1.5 billion). On December 18, 2017, the Court of Appeal of Antwerp rejected Proximus’ claim in its entirety. On June 28, 2019, Proximus brought this appeal judgment before the Belgian Supreme Court. On January 22, 2021, the Belgian Supreme Court partially annulled the judgment of the Court of Appeal of Antwerp. The case was referred to the Court of Appeal of Brussels and is currently pending with this Court which will need to make a new decision on the matter within the boundaries of the annulment by the Belgian Supreme Court. It is likely that it will take the Court of Appeal of Brussels several years to decide on the matter.

No assurance can be given as to the outcome of these or other proceedings. However, an unfavorable outcome of existing or future proceedings could potentially lead to the annulment of the 2008 PICs Agreement. We do not expect the ultimate resolution of this matter to have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial position. No amounts have been accrued by us with respect to this matter as the likelihood of loss is not considered to be probable.

Telekom Deutschland Litigation. On December 28, 2012, Unitymedia filed a lawsuit against Telekom Deutschland GmbH (Telekom Deutschland) in which Unitymedia asserted that it pays excessive prices for the co-use of Telekom Deutschland’s cable ducts in Unitymedia’s footprint. The Federal Network Agency approved rates for the co-use of certain ducts of Telekom Deutschland in March 2011. Based in part on these approved rates, Unitymedia sought a reduction of the annual lease fees by approximately five-sixths. In addition, Unitymedia sought the return of similarly calculated overpayments from 2009 through the ultimate settlement date, plus accrued interest. In October 2016, the first instance court dismissed this action, and in March 2018, the court of appeal dismissed Unitymedia’s appeal of the first instance court’s decision. Unitymedia has since successfully appealed the case to the Federal Court of Justice, and proceedings continue before the German courts. The resolution of this matter may take several years and no assurance can be given that Unitymedia’s claims will be successful. In connection with our sale of our former operations in Germany, Romania, Hungary and the Czech Republic to Vodafone (the Vodafone Disposal Group) in 2019, we will only share in 50% of any amounts recovered, plus 50% of the net present value of

40

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

certain cost savings in future periods that are attributable to the favorable resolution of this matter, less 50% of associated legal or other third-party fees paid post-completion of the sale of the Vodafone Disposal Group. Any amount we may recover related to this matter will not be reflected in our consolidated financial statements until such time as the final disposition of this matter has been reached.

Belgium Regulatory Developments. In June 2018, the Belgisch Instituut voor Post en Telecommunicatie and the regional regulators for the media sectors (together, the Belgium Regulatory Authorities) adopted a new decision finding that Telenet has significant market power in the wholesale broadband market (the 2018 Decision). The 2018 Decision imposes on Telenet the obligations to (i) provide third-party operators with access to the digital television platform (including basic digital video and analog video) and (ii) make available to third-party operators a bitstream offer of broadband internet access (including fixed-line telephony as an option). On May 26, 2020, the Belgium Regulatory Authorities adopted a final decision regarding the “reasonable access tariffs” (the 2020 Decision) that became effective on July 1, 2020. Telenet appealed the 2018 Decision, which was rejected by the Brussels Court of Appeal on September 4, 2019.

The 2020 Decision aims to, and in its application may, strengthen Telenet’s competitors by granting them resale access to Telenet’s network to offer competing products and services notwithstanding Telenet’s substantial historical financial outlays in developing the infrastructure. In addition, any resale access granted to competitors could (i) limit the bandwidth available to Telenet to provide new or expanded products and services to the customers served by its network and (ii) adversely impact Telenet’s ability to maintain or increase its revenue and cash flows. The extent of any such adverse impacts ultimately will be dependent on the extent that competitors take advantage of the resale access afforded to Telenet’s network, the rates that Telenet receives for such access and other competitive factors or market developments.

Swisscom MVNO Matter. On December 8, 2017, one of our subsidiaries, UPC Schweiz GmbH, entered into a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) agreement with Swisscom (Schweiz) AG (Swisscom), as subsequently amended (the Swisscom MVNO), for the provision of mobile network services to certain of Sunrise’s end customers. In January 2023, Swisscom filed a formal lawsuit against UPC Schweiz GmbH, asserting that it is in breach of the Swisscom MVNO and claiming approximately CHF 90 million ($98 million) in damages. No amounts have been accrued by us with respect to this matter, as the likelihood of loss is not considered to be probable at this stage. We believe the assertions in this claim are unsupported and/or exaggerated and intend to vigorously defend this matter.

Other Contingency Matters. In connection with the dispositions of certain of our operations, we provided tax indemnities to the counterparties for certain tax liabilities that could arise from the period we owned the respective operations, subject to certain thresholds. While we have not received notification from the counterparties for indemnification, it is reasonably possible that we could, and the amounts involved could be significant. No amounts have been accrued by our company as the likelihood of any loss is not considered to be probable. Further, Liberty Global may be entitled to certain amounts that our disposed operations may recover from taxing authorities. Any such amounts will not be reflected in our consolidated financial statements until such time as the final disposition of such matters has been reached.

Other Regulatory Matters. Broadband internet, video distribution, fixed-line telephony, mobile and content businesses are regulated in each of the countries in which we or our affiliates operate. The scope of regulation varies from country to country, although in some significant respects regulation in European markets is harmonized under the regulatory structure of the European Union (E.U.). Adverse regulatory developments could subject our businesses to a number of risks. Regulation, including conditions imposed on us by competition or other authorities as a requirement to close acquisitions or dispositions, could limit growth, revenue and the number and types of services offered and could lead to increased operating costs and property and equipment additions. Regulation may also restrict our operations and subject them to further competitive pressure, including pricing restrictions, interconnect and other access obligations, and restrictions or controls on content, including content provided by third parties. Failure to comply with current or future regulation could expose our businesses to various penalties.

In addition to the foregoing items, we have contingent liabilities related to matters arising in the ordinary course of business including (i) legal proceedings, (ii) issues involving VAT and wage, property, withholding and other tax issues and (iii) disputes over interconnection, programming, copyright and channel carriage fees. While we generally expect that the amounts required to satisfy these contingencies will not materially differ from any estimated amounts we have accrued, no assurance can be given that the resolution of one or more of these contingencies will not result in a material impact on our results of

41

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

operations, cash flows or financial position in any given period. Due, in general, to the complexity of the issues involved and, in certain cases, the lack of a clear basis for predicting outcomes, we cannot provide a meaningful range of potential losses or cash outflows that might result from any unfavorable outcomes.

(16)    Segment Reporting

We generally identify our reportable segments as (i) those consolidated subsidiaries that represent 10% or more of our revenue, Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) or total assets or (ii) those equity method affiliates where our investment or share of revenue or Adjusted EBITDA represents 10% or more of our total assets, revenue or Adjusted EBITDA, respectively. In certain cases, we may elect to include an operating segment in our segment disclosure that does not meet the above-described criteria for a reportable segment. We evaluate performance and make decisions about allocating resources to our operating segments based on financial measures such as revenue and Adjusted EBITDA. In addition, we review non-financial measures such as customer growth, as appropriate.

Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment operating performance and is also a key factor that is used by our internal decision makers to (i) determine how to allocate resources to segments and (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of our management for purposes of annual and other incentive compensation plans. As we use the term, “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as earnings (loss) from continuing operations before net income tax benefit (expense), other non-operating income or expenses, net share of results of affiliates, net gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net foreign currency gains (losses), net gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net interest expense, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, provisions and provision releases related to significant litigation and impairment, restructuring and other operating items. Other operating items include (a) gains and losses on the disposition of long-lived assets, (b) third-party costs directly associated with successful and unsuccessful acquisitions and dispositions, including legal, advisory and due diligence fees, as applicable, and (c) other acquisition-related items, such as gains and losses on the settlement of contingent consideration. Our internal decision makers believe Adjusted EBITDA is a meaningful measure because it represents a transparent view of our recurring operating performance that is unaffected by our capital structure and allows management to (1) readily view operating trends, (2) perform analytical comparisons and benchmarking between segments and (3) identify strategies to improve operating performance in the different countries in which we operate. A reconciliation of earnings or loss from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA is presented below.

As of March 31, 2023, our reportable segments are as follows:

Consolidated:

•Switzerland

•Belgium

•Ireland

Nonconsolidated:

•VMO2 JV

•VodafoneZiggo JV

All of our reportable segments derive their revenue primarily from residential and B2B communications services, including broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and mobile services.

Our “Central and Other” category primarily includes (i) our operations in Slovakia, (ii) services provided to the VMO2 JV, the VodafoneZiggo JV and various third parties related to transitional service agreements, (iii) sales of CPE to the VodafoneZiggo JV and (iv) certain centralized functions, including billing systems, network operations, technology, marketing, facilities, finance and other administrative functions.

We present only the reportable segments of our continuing operations in the tables below.

42

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

During the first quarter of 2023, we changed the terms related to, and approach to how we reflect the allocation of, charges for certain products and services that our centrally-managed technology and innovation function (our T&I Function) provide to our consolidated reportable segments (the Tech Framework). These products and services include CPE hardware and related essential software, maintenance, hosting and other services. As a result, our consolidated reportable segments now capitalize the combined cost of the CPE hardware and essential software as property and equipment additions. The other services, including maintenance and hosting, continue to be reported as operating costs in the period incurred (included in our Adjusted EBITDA). The corresponding amounts charged by our T&I Function are reflected as revenue when earned. The new Tech Framework is a result of internal changes with respect to the way in which our chief operating decision maker evaluates the revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and property and equipment additions of our consolidated reportable segments. Segment information has been revised, as applicable, to reflect these changes. The following table provides a summary of the impact on the revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and property and equipment additions of our consolidated reportable segments and Central and Other.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Increase (decrease) to revenue (a):
Central and Other	$	57.4	$	60.0
Intersegment eliminations	(57.4)		(60.0)
Total	$	—	$	—
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA (b):
Switzerland	$	(15.7)	$	(10.4)
Belgium	(2.2)		(2.3)
Ireland	(5.9)		(3.8)
Central and Other	38.8		32.2
Intersegment eliminations	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total	$	—	$	—
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions (c):
Switzerland	$	5.5	$	5.8
Belgium	6.9		7.2
Ireland	2.6		2.7
Central and Other	—		—
Intersegment eliminations	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total	$	—	$	—

_______________

(a)Amounts reflect the revenue recognized within our T&I Function, as well as any applicable markup, related to the Tech Framework.

(b)Amounts reflect the charge to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the service and maintenance component of the Tech Framework and, additionally for Central and Other, the Adjusted EBITDA impact of the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

(c)Amounts reflect the charge to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

43

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Performance Measures of Our Reportable Segments

The amounts presented below represent 100% of each of our reportable segment’s revenue and Adjusted EBITDA. As we have the ability to control Telenet, we consolidate 100% of Telenet’s revenue and expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations despite the fact that third parties own a significant interest. The noncontrolling owners’ interests in the operating results of Telenet and other less significant majority-owned subsidiaries are reflected in net earnings or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Similarly, despite only holding a 50% noncontrolling interest in both the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV, we present 100% of the revenue and Adjusted EBITDA of those entities in the tables below. Our share of the operating results of the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV is included in share of results of affiliates, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

	Revenue
	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	807.4	$	821.4
Belgium	754.5		724.4
Ireland	123.0		127.8
Central and Other	244.5		241.4
Intersegment eliminations (b)	(61.0)		(61.7)
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3
VMO2 JV	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Amounts primarily relate to (i) the revenue recognized within our T&I Function related to the Tech Framework and (ii) for the three months ended March 31, 2022, transactions between our continuing and discontinued operations.

44

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

	Adjusted EBITDA
	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	263.0	$	290.8
Belgium	302.9		338.1
Ireland	41.5		47.1
Central and Other	32.1		24.8
Intersegment eliminations (b)	(15.0)		(16.5)
Total	$	624.5	$	684.3
VMO2 JV	$	1,025.9	$	1,395.3
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	471.5	$	537.8

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Amounts relate to (i) the Adjusted EBITDA impact to Central and Other of the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup, and (ii) for three months ended March 31, 2022, transactions between our continuing and discontinued operations.

The following table provides a reconciliation of earnings (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	(713.5)	$	1,075.7
Income tax expense	12.5		81.2
Other income, net	(43.9)		(11.9)
Share of results of affiliates, net	238.6		(230.5)
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	5.5		93.4
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	302.9		(575.0)
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivative instruments, net	34.4		(508.3)
Interest expense	200.9		134.2
Operating income	37.4		58.8
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net	16.4		9.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9		564.7
Share-based compensation expense	43.8		51.4
Adjusted EBITDA	$	624.5	$	684.3

45

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Property and Equipment Additions of our Reportable Segments

The property and equipment additions of our reportable segments (including capital additions financed under capital-related vendor financing or finance lease arrangements) are presented below and reconciled to the capital expenditure amounts included in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. For additional information concerning capital additions financed under vendor financing and finance lease arrangements, see notes 8 and 10, respectively.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	149.0	$	149.3
Belgium	173.0		158.5
Ireland	33.1		29.2
Central and Other (b)	49.8		60.6
Intercompany eliminations (c)	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total property and equipment additions	389.9		381.9
Assets acquired under capital-related vendor financing arrangements	(42.3)		(66.7)
Assets acquired under finance leases	(7.3)		(8.7)
Changes in current liabilities related to capital expenditures	36.9		66.3
Total capital expenditures, net	$	377.2	$	372.8
Property and equipment additions:
VMO2 JV	$	590.6	$	659.3
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	250.4	$	220.4

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Includes (i) property and equipment additions representing centrally-owned assets that benefit our operating segments, (ii) the net impact of certain centrally-procured network equipment that is ultimately transferred to our operating segments and (iii) property and equipment additions of our operations in Slovakia.

(c)Amounts reflect the charge under the Tech Framework to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

46

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

Revenue by Major Category

Our revenue by major category for our consolidated reportable segments is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Residential revenue:
Residential fixed revenue (a):
Subscription revenue (b):
Broadband internet	$	359.5	$	360.2
Video	273.2		286.5
Fixed-line telephony	92.1		103.9
Total subscription revenue	724.8		750.6
Non-subscription revenue	7.3		11.9
Total residential fixed revenue	732.1		762.5
Residential mobile revenue (c):
Subscription revenue (b)	356.4		353.2
Non-subscription revenue	133.9		145.3
Total residential mobile revenue	490.3		498.5
Total residential revenue	1,222.4		1,261.0
B2B revenue (d):
Subscription revenue	133.4		132.9
Non-subscription revenue	223.8		221.4
Total B2B revenue	357.2		354.3
Other revenue (e)	288.8		238.0
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3

_______________

(a)Residential fixed subscription revenue includes amounts received from subscribers for ongoing services and the recognition of deferred installation revenue over the associated contract period. Residential fixed non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, channel carriage fees, late fees and revenue from the sale of equipment.

(b)Residential subscription revenue from subscribers who purchase bundled services at a discounted rate is generally allocated proportionally to each service based on the standalone price for each individual service. As a result, changes in the standalone pricing of our fixed and mobile products or the composition of bundles can contribute to changes in our product revenue categories from period to period.

(c)Residential mobile subscription revenue includes amounts received from subscribers for ongoing services. Residential mobile non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, interconnect revenue and revenue from sales of mobile handsets and other devices.

(d)B2B subscription revenue represents revenue from (i) services provided to small or home office (SOHO) subscribers and (ii) mobile services provided to medium and large enterprises. SOHO subscribers pay a premium price to receive expanded service levels along with broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony or mobile services that are the same or similar to the mass marketed products offered to our residential subscribers. B2B non-subscription revenue includes (a) revenue from business broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and data services offered to medium and large

47

LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

March 31, 2023

(unaudited)

enterprises and, fixed-line and mobile services on a wholesale basis, to other operators and (b) revenue from long-term leases of portions of our network.

(e)Other revenue includes, among other items, (i) broadcasting revenue in Belgium, Ireland and Switzerland, (ii) revenue earned from the U.K. JV Services and NL JV Services, (iii) revenue earned from transitional and other services provided to various third parties and (iv) revenue earned from the sale of CPE to the VodafoneZiggo JV.

Geographic Segments

The revenue of our geographic segments is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Switzerland	$	807.4	$	821.4
Belgium	716.6		724.4
Ireland	123.0		127.8
Slovakia	13.3		12.9
Other, including intersegment eliminations (a)	208.1		166.8
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3
VMO2 JV (U.K.)	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
VodafoneZiggo JV (Netherlands)	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0

______________

(a)Revenue from our other geographic segments relates to (i) our Central functions, most of which is located in the Netherlands and the U.K., and (ii) certain other operations at Telenet, primarily in the U.S. and Luxembourg.

(17)    Subsequent Event

On March 21, 2023, we announced that, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Liberty Global Belgium Holding B.V. (LGBH), we intend to launch a voluntary and conditional public takeover bid for all the shares of Telenet that we do not already own or that are not held by Telenet.

On April 11, 2023, LGBH entered into a facility agreement (the Facility Agreement) under which the lenders have agreed to provide a €1.0 billion ($1.1 billion) term loan facility (Facility B) to LGBH which can be drawn to (i) finance the voluntary and conditional public takeover bid for all of the shares of Telenet that it does not already own or that are not held by Telenet or any other acquisition of shares in Telenet including pursuant to any squeeze-out procedure or otherwise, (ii) pay any related fees, costs, expenses and taxes (or similar duties or charges) and (iii) repay the principal amount of any subordinated shareholder debt or other equity funding to the extent used to finance the acquisition of shares in Telenet.

Under the terms of the Facility Agreement, the final maturity date for Facility B will be the date falling on the third anniversary of the earlier of (i) the first drawdown under Facility B (the Closing Date) and (ii) the date falling nine months after the date of the Facility Agreement. Facility B will bear interest at a rate of EURIBOR plus (a) 4.00% per annum for the first year from the Closing Date, (b) 4.50% per annum for the second year from the Closing Date and (c) 5.25% per annum for the third year from the Closing Date, in each case subject to a EURIBOR floor of 0%.

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Item 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis, which should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the discussion and analysis included in our 10-K, is intended to assist in providing an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations and is organized as follows:

•Forward-looking Statements. This section provides a description of certain factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from anticipated results or events.

•Overview. This section provides a general description of our business and recent events.

•Material Changes in Results of Operations. This section provides an analysis of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

•Material Changes in Financial Condition. This section provides an analysis of our corporate and subsidiary liquidity and our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The capitalized terms used below have been defined in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements. In the following text, the terms “we,” “our,” “our company” and “us” may refer, as the context requires, to Liberty Global or collectively to Liberty Global and its subsidiaries.

Unless otherwise indicated, convenience translations into U.S. dollars are calculated as of March 31, 2023.

Forward-looking Statements

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. To the extent that statements in this Quarterly Report are not recitations of historical fact, such statements constitute forward-looking statements, which, by definition, involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. In particular, statements under Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk and Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds may contain forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our business, product, foreign currency and finance strategies, our property and equipment additions, subscriber growth and retention rates, competitive, regulatory and economic factors, the timing and impacts of proposed transactions, the maturity of our markets, the anticipated impacts of new legislation (or changes to existing rules and regulations), anticipated changes in our revenue, costs or growth rates, our liquidity, credit risks, foreign currency risks, interest rate risks, target leverage levels, debt covenants, future projected contractual commitments and cash flows, our share repurchase program and other information and statements that are not historical fact. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. In evaluating these statements, you should consider the risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 10-K, as well as the following list of some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events (including with respect to our affiliates) to differ materially from anticipated results or events:

•economic and business conditions and industry trends in the countries in which we or our affiliates operate;

•the competitive environment in the industries and in the countries in which we or our affiliates operate, including competitor responses to our products and services;

•fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates;

•instability in global financial markets, including sovereign debt issues and related fiscal reforms;

•consumer disposable income and spending levels, including the availability and amount of individual consumer debt, as a result of, among other things, inflationary pressures;

•changes in consumer television viewing and mobile and broadband usage preferences and habits;

•consumer acceptance of our existing service offerings, including our broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony, mobile and business service offerings, and of new technology, programming alternatives and other products and services that we may offer in the future;

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•our ability to manage rapid technological changes and the rate at which our current technology becomes obsolete;

•our ability to maintain or increase the number of subscriptions to our broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and mobile service offerings and our average revenue per household;

•our ability to provide satisfactory customer service, including support for new and evolving products and services;

•our ability to maintain or increase rates to our subscribers or to pass through increased costs to our subscribers as a result of, among other things, inflationary pressures;

•the impact of our future financial performance, or market conditions generally, on the availability, terms and deployment of capital;

•changes in, or failure or inability to comply with, government regulations and legislation in the countries in which we or our affiliates operate and adverse outcomes from regulatory proceedings;

•government intervention that requires opening our broadband distribution networks to competitors, such as certain regulatory obligations imposed in Belgium;

•our ability to obtain regulatory approval and shareholder approval and satisfy other conditions necessary to close acquisitions and dispositions and the impact of conditions imposed by competition and other regulatory authorities in connection with acquisitions;

•our ability to successfully acquire new businesses and, if acquired, to integrate, realize anticipated efficiencies from, and implement our business plan with respect to, the businesses we have acquired or that we expect to acquire;

•changes in laws or treaties relating to taxation, or the interpretation thereof, in the U.K., the U.S. or in other countries in which we or our affiliates operate;

•changes in laws, monetary policies and government regulations that may impact the availability or cost of capital and the derivative instruments that hedge certain of our financial risks;

•our ability to navigate the potential impacts on our business resulting from the U.K.’s departure from the E.U.;

•the ability of suppliers and vendors (including our third-party wireless network provider, Three (Hutchison), under our MVNO arrangement in Ireland) to timely deliver quality products, equipment, software, services and access;

•the availability of attractive programming for our video services and the costs associated with such programming, including production costs, retransmission and copyright fees payable to public and private broadcasters;

•uncertainties inherent in the development and integration of new business lines and business strategies;

•our ability to adequately forecast and plan future network requirements;

•the availability and cost of capital for the acquisition and/or development of telecommunications networks and services;

•the availability, cost and regulation of spectrum;

•problems we may discover post-closing with the operations, including the internal controls and financial reporting processes, of businesses we acquire;

•successfully integrating businesses or operations that we acquire or partner with on the timelines or within the budgets estimated for such integrations;

•operating costs, customer loss and business disruption, including maintaining relationships with employees, customers, suppliers or vendors, may be greater than expected in connection with our acquisitions and dispositions;

•our ability to realize the expected synergies from our acquisitions and joint ventures in the amounts anticipated or on the anticipated timelines;

•our ability to profit from investments, such as our joint ventures, that we do not solely control;

•our ability to protect against, mitigate and contain loss of our and our customers’ data as a result of cyber attacks on us or any of our operating companies;

•the leakage of sensitive customer data;

•the outcome of any pending or threatened litigation;

•the loss of key employees and the availability of qualified personnel;

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•changes in the nature of key strategic relationships with partners and joint venturers;

•our capital structure and factors related to our debt arrangements; and

•events that are outside of our control, such as political unrest in international markets, terrorist attacks, malicious human acts, natural disasters, epidemics, pandemics (such as COVID-19) and other similar events, including the ongoing invasion of Ukraine by Russia.

The broadband distribution and mobile service industries are changing rapidly and, therefore, the forward-looking statements of expectations, plans and intent in this Quarterly Report are subject to a significant degree of risk. These forward-looking statements and the above-described risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement.

Overview

General

We are an international provider of broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and mobile communications services to residential customers and businesses in Europe. Our operations comprise businesses that provide residential and B2B communications services in (i) Switzerland and Slovakia through UPC Holding, (ii) Belgium and Luxembourg through Telenet and (iii) Ireland through VM Ireland. In addition, we own 50% noncontrolling interests in (a) the VMO2 JV, which provides residential and B2B communications services in the U.K., and (b) the VodafoneZiggo JV, which provides residential and B2B communications services in the Netherlands. We also own (1) a 50% noncontrolling voting interest in the AtlasEdge JV, which is a leading European Edge data center platform, and (2) a 25% noncontrolling interest in the nexfibre JV, which is constructing a new fiber network in the U.K. outside of the existing footprint of the VMO2 JV.

Through March 31, 2022, we provided residential and B2B communications services in Poland through UPC Holding. On April 1, 2022, we completed the sale of our operations in Poland. Accordingly, our operations in Poland are reflected as discontinued operations for all applicable periods. In the following discussion and analysis, the operating statistics, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition that we present and discuss are those of our continuing operations, unless otherwise indicated. For additional information regarding the sale of UPC Poland, including with respect to our use of proceeds, see note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Operations

At March 31, 2023, our continuing operations owned and operated networks that passed 7,872,200 homes and served 4,153,500 fixed-line customers and 5,879,000 mobile subscribers.

Competition and Other External Factors

We are experiencing competition in all of the markets in which we or our affiliates operate. This competition, together with macroeconomic and regulatory factors, has adversely impacted our revenue, number of customers and/or average monthly subscription revenue per fixed-line customer or mobile subscriber, as applicable (ARPU). For additional information regarding the revenue impact of changes in the fixed-line customers and ARPU of our consolidated reportable segments, see Discussion and Analysis of our Reportable Segments below.

We are subject to inflationary pressures with respect to labor, programming and other operating costs, including energy costs. In this regard, inflation rates in the countries in which we operate have increased, and in most countries such increases have been significant. While we attempt to increase our revenue to offset increases in costs, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so. Therefore, costs could rise faster than associated revenue, thereby resulting in a negative impact on our operating results, cash flows and liquidity. The economic environment in the respective countries in which we operate is a function of government, economic, fiscal and monetary policies and various other factors beyond our control that could lead to further inflation. We are unable to predict the extent that price levels might be impacted in future periods by the current state of the economies in the countries in which we operate.

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Material Changes in Results of Operations

We have completed a number of transactions that impact the comparability of our 2023 and 2022 results of operations, the most notable of which is the sale of UPC Poland on April 1, 2022. For further information regarding this disposition, see note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the following discussion, we quantify the estimated impact of material acquisitions (the Acquisition Impact) and dispositions on our operating results. The Acquisition Impact represents our estimate of the difference between the operating results of the periods under comparison that is attributable to an acquisition. In general, we base our estimate of the Acquisition Impact on an acquired entity’s operating results during the first three to twelve months following the acquisition date, as adjusted to remove integration costs and any other material unusual or nonoperational items, such that changes from those operating results in subsequent periods are considered to be organic changes. Accordingly, in the following discussion, (i) organic variances attributed to an acquired entity during the first 12 months following the acquisition date represent differences between the Acquisition Impact and the actual results and (ii) the calculation of our organic change percentages includes the organic activity of an acquired entity relative to the Acquisition Impact of such entity. With respect to material dispositions, the organic changes that are discussed below reflect adjustments to exclude the historical prior-year results of any disposed entities to the extent that such entities are not included in the corresponding results for the current-year period.

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates have a significant impact on our reported operating results as all of our operating segments have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our primary exposure to foreign exchange (FX) risk during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was to the euro and Swiss franc, as 58.6% and 43.2% of our reported revenue during the period was derived from subsidiaries whose functional currencies are the euro and Swiss franc, respectively. In addition, our reported operating results are impacted by changes in the exchange rates for certain other local currencies in Europe. The portions of the changes in the various components of our results of operations that are attributable to changes in FX are highlighted under Discussion and Analysis of our Reportable Segments and Discussion and Analysis of our Consolidated Operating Results below. For information regarding our foreign currency risks and the applicable foreign currency exchange rates in effect for the periods covered by this Quarterly Report, see Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk — Foreign Currency Risk below.

The amounts presented and discussed below represent 100% of each of our consolidated reportable segment’s results of operations. As we have the ability to control Telenet, we consolidate 100% of its revenue and expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations despite the fact that third parties own a significant interest. The noncontrolling owners’ interests in the operating results of Telenet and other less significant majority-owned subsidiaries are reflected in net earnings or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Similarly, despite only holding a 50% noncontrolling interest in both the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV, we present 100% of the revenue and Adjusted EBITDA of those entities in the tables below.

Discussion and Analysis of our Reportable Segments

General

All of our reportable segments derive their revenue primarily from residential and B2B communications services. For detailed information regarding the composition of our reportable segments and how we define and categorize our revenue components, see note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. For information regarding the results of operations of the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV, refer to Discussion and Analysis of our Consolidated Operating Results — Share of results of affiliates, net below.

The tables presented below in this section provide the details of the revenue and Adjusted EBITDA of our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. These tables present (i) the amounts reported for the current and comparative periods, (ii) the reported U.S. dollar change and percentage change from period to period and (iii) with respect to our consolidated reportable segments, the organic U.S. dollar change and percentage change from period to period. For our organic comparisons, which exclude the impact of FX, we assume that exchange rates remained constant at the prior-period rate during all periods presented. We also provide a table showing the Adjusted EBITDA margins of our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 at the end of this section.

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Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure, which we believe is a meaningful measure because it represents a transparent view of our recurring operating performance that is unaffected by our capital structure and allows management to readily view operating trends from a consolidated view. Investors should view consolidated Adjusted EBITDA as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, GAAP measures of performance included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table provides a reconciliation of earnings (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	(713.5)	$	1,075.7
Income tax expense	12.5		81.2
Other income, net	(43.9)		(11.9)
Share of results of affiliates, net	238.6		(230.5)
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	5.5		93.4
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	302.9		(575.0)
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivative instruments, net	34.4		(508.3)
Interest expense	200.9		134.2
Operating income	37.4		58.8
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net	16.4		9.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9		564.7
Share-based compensation expense	43.8		51.4
Adjusted EBITDA	$	624.5	$	684.3

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Revenue of our Reportable Segments

General. While not specifically discussed in the below explanations of the changes in the revenue of our reportable segments, we are experiencing competition in all of our markets. This competition has an adverse impact on our ability to increase or maintain our total number of customers and/or our ARPU.

Variances in the subscription revenue that we receive from our customers are a function of (i) changes in the number of our fixed-line customers or mobile subscribers outstanding during the period and (ii) changes in ARPU. Changes in ARPU can be attributable to (a) changes in prices, (b) changes in bundling or promotional discounts, (c) changes in the tier of services selected, (d) variances in subscriber usage patterns and (e) the overall mix of fixed and mobile products within a segment during the period.

Revenue

	Three months ended March 31,				Increase (decrease)			Organic increase (decrease)
	2023		2022 (a)		$		%	$		%
	in millions, except percentages
Switzerland	$	807.4	$	821.4	$	(14.0)	(1.7)	$	(15.2)	(1.8)
Belgium	754.5		724.4		30.1		4.2	16.4		2.1
Ireland	123.0		127.8		(4.8)		(3.8)	0.9		0.7
Central and Other	244.5		241.4		3.1		1.3	12.4		5.1
Intersegment eliminations	(61.0)		(61.7)		0.7		N.M.	0.7		N.M.
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3	$	15.1	0.8	$	15.2	0.8
VMO2 JV	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0	$	(235.3)	(6.9)
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0	$	(46.6)	(4.1)

_______________

N.M. — Not Meaningful.

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as further described in note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Switzerland. The details of the decrease in Switzerland’s revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, are set forth below:

	Subscription revenue		Non-subscription revenue		Total
	in millions
Increase (decrease) in residential fixed subscription revenue due to change in:
Average number of customers	$	3.7	$	—	$	3.7
ARPU	(19.4)		—		(19.4)
Decrease in residential fixed non-subscription revenue	—		(3.5)		(3.5)
Total decrease in residential fixed revenue	(15.7)		(3.5)		(19.2)
Increase (decrease) in residential mobile revenue (a)	1.3		(3.9)		(2.6)
Increase (decrease) in B2B revenue	1.4		(0.4)		1.0
Increase in other revenue (b)	—		5.6		5.6
Total organic decrease	(13.0)		(2.2)		(15.2)
Impact of acquisitions	2.6		—		2.6
Impact of FX	(0.7)		(0.7)		(1.4)
Total	$	(11.1)	$	(2.9)	$	(14.0)

_______________

(a)The decrease in residential mobile non-subscription revenue is primarily attributable to (i) a decrease in revenue from handset sales and (ii) lower interconnect revenue.

(b)The increase in other revenue is primarily attributable to higher broadcasting revenue.

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Belgium. The details of the increase in Belgium’s revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, are set forth below:

	Subscription revenue		Non-subscription revenue		Total
	in millions
Increase (decrease) in residential fixed subscription revenue due to change in:
Average number of customers	$	(2.9)	$	—	$	(2.9)
ARPU	5.0		—		5.0
Increase in residential fixed non-subscription revenue	—		(1.0)		(1.0)
Total increase in residential fixed revenue	2.1		(1.0)		1.1
Increase (decrease) in residential mobile revenue (a)	7.0		(5.1)		1.9
Increase in B2B revenue (b)	3.5		7.1		10.6
Increase in other revenue	—		2.8		2.8
Total organic increase	12.6		3.8		16.4
Impact of acquisitions	6.4		43.3		49.7
Impact of dispositions	(0.1)		(0.9)		(1.0)
Impact of FX	(25.0)		(10.0)		(35.0)
Total	$	(6.1)	$	36.2	$	30.1

_______________

(a)The increase in residential mobile subscription revenue is primarily attributable to an increase in ARPU. The decrease in residential mobile non-subscription revenue is primarily due to lower interconnect revenue.

(b)The increase in B2B subscription revenue is primarily due to an increase in the average number of customers. The increase in B2B non-subscription revenue is primarily attributable to (i) an increase in revenue from wholesale services and (ii) higher interconnect revenue.

For information concerning certain regulatory developments that could have an adverse impact on our revenue in Belgium, see Legal and Regulatory Proceedings and Other Contingencies — Belgium Regulatory Developments in note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Ireland. The details of the decrease in Ireland’s revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, are set forth below:

	Subscription revenue		Non-subscription revenue		Total
	in millions
Increase (decrease) in residential fixed subscription revenue due to change in:
Average number of customers	$	(2.4)	$	—	$	(2.4)
ARPU	0.9		—		0.9
Decrease in residential fixed non-subscription revenue	—		(0.1)		(0.1)
Total decrease in residential fixed revenue	(1.5)		(0.1)		(1.6)
Increase in residential mobile revenue	0.7		0.1		0.8
Increase (decrease) in B2B revenue	0.2		(0.4)		(0.2)
Increase in other revenue	—		1.9		1.9
Total organic increase (decrease)	(0.6)		1.5		0.9
Impact of FX	(4.2)		(1.5)		(5.7)
Total	$	(4.8)	$	—	$	(4.8)

Programming and Other Direct Costs of Services, Other Operating Expenses and SG&A Expenses of our Consolidated Reportable Segments

For information regarding the changes in our (i) programming and other direct costs of services, (ii) other operating expenses and (iii) SG&A expenses, see Discussion and Analysis of our Consolidated Operating Results below.

Adjusted EBITDA of our Reportable Segments

Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment operating performance. As presented below, consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure, which investors should view as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, GAAP measures of performance included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table sets forth the Adjusted EBITDA of our reportable segments:

	Three months ended March 31,				Increase (decrease)			Organic increase (decrease)
	2023		2022 (a)		$		%	$		%
	in millions, except percentages
Switzerland	$	263.0	$	290.8	$	(27.8)	(9.6)	$	(29.0)	(9.9)
Belgium	302.9		338.1		(35.2)		(10.4)	(11.3)		(3.4)
Ireland	41.5		47.1		(5.6)		(11.9)	(3.8)		(8.0)
Central and Other	32.1		24.8		7.3		29.4	1.2		4.8
Intersegment eliminations	(15.0)		(16.5)		1.5		N.M.	1.5		N.M.
Total	$	624.5	$	684.3	$	(59.8)	(8.7)	$	(41.4)	(6.1)
VMO2 JV	$	1,025.9	$	1,395.3	$	(369.4)	(26.5)
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	471.5	$	537.8	$	(66.3)	(12.3)

_______________

N.M. — Not Meaningful.

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as further described in note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Adjusted EBITDA Margin

The following table sets forth the Adjusted EBITDA margins (Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue) of each of our reportable segments:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
Switzerland	32.6	%	35.4	%
Belgium	40.1	%	46.7	%
Ireland	33.7	%	37.0	%
VMO2 JV	32.4	%	41.1	%
VodafoneZiggo JV	43.5	%	47.6	%

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as further described in note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In addition to organic changes in the revenue, operating and SG&A expenses of our reportable segments, the Adjusted EBITDA margins presented above include the impact of acquisitions, as applicable. For discussion of the factors contributing to the changes in the Adjusted EBITDA margins of our consolidated reportable segments, see the analysis of our revenue included in Discussion and Analysis of our Reportable Segments above and the analysis of our expenses included in Discussion and Analysis of our Consolidated Operating Results below. For discussion of the factors contributing to the changes in the Adjusted EBITDA margins of the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV, see Discussion and Analysis of our Consolidated Operating Results — Share of results of affiliates, net below.

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Discussion and Analysis of our Consolidated Operating Results

General

For more detailed explanations of the changes in our revenue, see Discussion and Analysis of our Reportable Segments above.

Revenue

Our revenue by major category is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,				Increase (decrease)			Organic increase (decrease)
	2023		2022		$		%	$		%
	in millions, except percentages
Residential revenue:
Residential fixed revenue (a):
Subscription revenue (b):
Broadband internet	$	359.5	$	360.2	$	(0.7)	(0.2)	$	7.5	2.1
Video	273.2		286.5		(13.3)		(4.6)	(12.9)		(4.4)
Fixed-line telephony	92.1		103.9		(11.8)		(11.4)	(9.4)		(9.0)
Total subscription revenue	724.8		750.6		(25.8)		(3.4)	(14.8)		(1.9)
Non-subscription revenue	7.3		11.9		(4.6)		(38.7)	(4.6)		(38.0)
Total residential fixed revenue	732.1		762.5		(30.4)		(4.0)	(19.4)		(2.5)
Residential mobile revenue (c):
Subscription revenue (b)	356.4		353.2		3.2		0.9	9.0		2.5
Non-subscription revenue	133.9		145.3		(11.4)		(7.8)	(9.3)		(6.4)
Total residential mobile revenue	490.3		498.5		(8.2)		(1.6)	(0.3)		(0.1)
Total residential revenue	1,222.4		1,261.0		(38.6)		(3.1)	(19.7)		(1.6)
B2B revenue (d):
Subscription revenue	133.4		132.9		0.5		0.4	5.1		3.8
Non-subscription revenue	223.8		221.4		2.4		1.1	6.0		2.7
Total B2B revenue	357.2		354.3		2.9		0.8	11.1		3.1
Other revenue (e)	288.8		238.0		50.8		21.3	23.8		8.6
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3	$	15.1	0.8	$	15.2	0.8

_______________

(a)Residential fixed subscription revenue includes amounts received from subscribers for ongoing services and the recognition of deferred installation revenue over the associated contract period. Residential fixed non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, channel carriage fees, late fees and revenue from the sale of equipment.

(b)Residential subscription revenue from subscribers who purchase bundled services at a discounted rate is generally allocated proportionally to each service based on the standalone price for each individual service. As a result, changes in the standalone pricing of our fixed and mobile products or the composition of bundles can contribute to changes in our product revenue categories from period to period.

(c)Residential mobile subscription revenue includes amounts received from subscribers for ongoing services. Residential mobile non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, interconnect revenue and revenue from sales of mobile handsets and other devices. Residential mobile interconnect revenue was $33.3 million and $39.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

59

(d)B2B subscription revenue represents revenue from (i) services provided to SOHO subscribers and (ii) mobile services provided to medium and large enterprises. SOHO subscribers pay a premium price to receive expanded service levels along with broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony or mobile services that are the same or similar to the mass marketed products offered to our residential subscribers. A portion of the change in our B2B subscription revenue is attributable to the conversion of certain residential subscribers to SOHO subscribers. B2B non-subscription revenue includes (a) revenue from business broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and data services offered to medium and large enterprises and, fixed-line and mobile services on a wholesale basis, to other operators and (b) revenue from long-term leases of portions of our network.

(e)Other revenue includes, among other items, (i) broadcasting revenue in Belgium, Ireland and Switzerland, (ii) revenue earned from the U.K. JV Services and NL JV Services, (iii) revenue earned from transitional and other services provided to various third parties and (iv) revenue earned from the sale of CPE to the VodafoneZiggo JV.

Total revenue. Our consolidated revenue increased $15.1 million or 0.8% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022. On an organic basis, our consolidated revenue increased $15.2 million or 0.8%.

Residential revenue. The details of the decrease in our consolidated residential revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, are as follows (in millions):

Decrease in residential fixed subscription revenue due to change in:
Average number of customers	$	(2.6)
ARPU	(12.2)
Decrease in residential fixed non-subscription revenue	(4.6)
Total decrease in residential fixed revenue	(19.4)
Increase in residential mobile subscription revenue	9.0
Decrease in residential mobile non-subscription revenue	(9.3)
Total organic decrease in residential revenue	(19.7)
Impact of acquisitions and dispositions	9.2
Impact of FX	(28.1)
Total decrease in residential revenue	$	(38.6)

On an organic basis, our consolidated residential fixed subscription revenue decreased $14.8 million or 1.9% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, primarily attributable to a decrease in Switzerland.

On an organic basis, our consolidated residential fixed non-subscription revenue decreased $4.6 million or 38.0% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, primarily due to a decrease in Switzerland.

On an organic basis, our consolidated residential mobile subscription revenue increased $9.0 million or 2.5% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, primarily attributable to an increase in Belgium.

On an organic basis, our consolidated residential mobile non-subscription revenue decreased $9.3 million or 6.4% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, primarily due to decreases in Belgium and Switzerland.

B2B revenue. On an organic basis, our consolidated B2B subscription revenue increased $5.1 million or 3.8% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, primarily attributable to an increase in Belgium.

On an organic basis, our consolidated B2B non-subscription revenue increased $6.0 million or 2.7% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, primarily due to an increase in Belgium.

60

Other revenue. On an organic basis, our consolidated other revenue increased $23.8 million or 8.6% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, primarily attributable to (i) higher broadcasting revenue in Belgium, Switzerland and Ireland and (ii) an increase in Central and Other related to revenue earned from the sale of CPE to the VodafoneZiggo JV.

For additional information regarding the changes in our residential, B2B and other revenue, see Discussion and Analysis of our Reportable Segments above.

Programming and other direct costs of services

Programming and other direct costs of services include programming and copyright costs, interconnect and access costs, costs of mobile handsets and other devices and other direct costs related to our operations, including costs associated with our transitional service agreements. Programming and copyright costs represent a significant portion of our operating costs and are subject to rise in future periods due to various factors, including (i) higher costs associated with the expansion of our digital video content, including rights associated with ancillary product offerings and rights that provide for the broadcast of live sporting events and (ii) rate increases.

The details of our programming and other direct costs of services are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,				Increase (decrease)			Organic increase (decrease)
	2023		2022 (a)		$		%	$		%
	in millions, except percentages
Switzerland	$	263.3	$	262.4	$	0.9	0.3	$	6.1	2.4
Belgium	204.5		169.0		35.5		21.0	6.5		3.1
Ireland	36.0		36.5		(0.5)		(1.4)	1.2		3.3
Central and Other	87.0		88.8		(1.8)		(2.0)	6.2		7.0
Intersegment eliminations	(20.1)		(19.9)		(0.2)		N.M.	(0.2)		N.M.
Total	$	570.7	$	536.8	$	33.9	6.3	$	19.8	3.5

_______________

N.M. — Not Meaningful.

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as further described in note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Our programming and other direct costs of services increased $33.9 million or 6.3% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022. On an organic basis, our programming and other direct costs of services increased $19.8 million or 3.5%. This increase includes the following factors:

•An increase in costs of $6.6 million in Central and Other related to the sale of CPE to the VodafoneZiggo JV; and

•An increase in programming and copyright costs of $5.8 million or 3.7%, attributable to higher costs for certain premium and/or basic content, primarily in Belgium and Switzerland.

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Other operating expenses

Other operating expenses include network operations, customer operations, customer care, share-based compensation and other costs related to our operations. We do not include share-based compensation in the following discussion and analysis of the other operating expenses of our consolidated reportable segments as share-based compensation expense is not included in the performance measures of our consolidated reportable segments. Share-based compensation expense is separately discussed further below.

The details of our other operating expenses are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,				Increase (decrease)			Organic increase
	2023		2022 (a)		$		%	$		%
	in millions, except percentages
Switzerland	$	128.5	$	124.3	$	4.2	3.4	$	4.0	3.2
Belgium	129.9		112.0		17.9		16.0	9.9		7.8
Ireland	30.4		27.8		2.6		9.4	4.1		14.7
Central and Other	33.8		34.5		(0.7)		(2.0)	1.9		5.5
Intersegment eliminations	(23.2)		(25.7)		2.5		N.M.	2.5		N.M.
Total other operating expenses excluding share-based compensation expense	299.4		272.9		26.5		9.7	$	22.4	7.8
Share-based compensation expense	2.2		0.3		1.9		N.M.
Total	$	301.6	$	273.2	$	28.4	10.4

_______________

N.M. — Not Meaningful.

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as further described in note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Our other operating expenses (exclusive of share-based compensation expense) increased $26.5 million or 9.7% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022. On an organic basis, our other operating expenses increased $22.4 million or 7.8%. This increase includes the following factors:

•An increase in core network and information technology-related costs of $8.7 million or 14.2%, primarily due to higher information technology-related expenses in Central and Other, Switzerland and Ireland;

•An increase in business service costs of $6.4 million or 18.7%, primarily due to the net effect of (i) higher energy costs, primarily in Belgium and Switzerland, and (ii) lower consulting costs, primarily in Central and Other;

•A decrease in service delivery platform costs of $3.9 million and 11.0%, primarily related to lower mobile license and maintenance costs in Belgium; and

•An increase in personnel costs of $2.6 million or 2.9%, primarily due to the net effect of (i) higher average costs per employee, primarily in Belgium and Switzerland, and (ii) lower costs due to higher capitalizable activities, primarily in Belgium and Switzerland.

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SG&A expenses

SG&A expenses include human resources, information technology, general services, management, finance, legal, external sales and marketing costs, share-based compensation and other general expenses. We do not include share-based compensation in the following discussion and analysis of the SG&A expenses of our consolidated reportable segments as share-based compensation expense is not included in the performance measures of our consolidated reportable segments. Share-based compensation expense is separately discussed further below.

The details of our SG&A expenses are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,				Increase (decrease)			Organic increase (decrease)
	2023		2022 (a)		$		%	$		%
	in millions, except percentages
Switzerland	$	152.6	$	143.9	$	8.7	6.0	$	3.7	2.5
Belgium	117.2		105.3		11.9		11.3	11.3		10.2
Ireland	15.1		16.4		(1.3)		(7.9)	(0.6)		(3.6)
Central and Other	91.6		93.3		(1.7)		(1.8)	3.1		3.3
Intersegment eliminations	(2.7)		0.4		(3.1)		N.M.	(3.1)		N.M.
Total SG&A expenses excluding share-based compensation expense	373.8		359.3		14.5		4.0	$	14.4	3.9
Share-based compensation expense	41.6		51.1		(9.5)		(18.6)
Total	$	415.4	$	410.4	$	5.0	1.2

_______________

N.M. — Not Meaningful.

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as further described in note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Supplemental SG&A expense information

	Three months ended March 31,				Increase			Organic increase
	2023		2022 (a)		$		%	$		%
	in millions, except percentages
General and administrative (b)	$	289.8	$	286.1	$	3.7	1.3	$	6.0	2.0
External sales and marketing	84.0		73.2		10.8		14.8	8.4		10.8
Total	$	373.8	$	359.3	$	14.5	4.0	$	14.4	3.9

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as further described in note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

(b)General and administrative expenses include all personnel-related costs within our SG&A expenses, including personnel-related costs associated with our sales and marketing function.

Our SG&A expenses (exclusive of share-based compensation expense) increased $14.5 million or 4.0% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022. On an organic basis, our SG&A expenses increased $14.4 million or 3.9%. This increase includes the following factors:

•An increase in external sales and marketing costs of $8.4 million or 10.8%, primarily due to higher costs associated with advertising campaigns in Switzerland;

63

•An increase in business service costs of $8.3 million or 19.7%, primarily due to higher (i) consulting costs, as increases in Switzerland and Belgium were only partially offset by a decrease in Central and Other, (ii) energy costs, primarily in Switzerland and Belgium, and (iii) travel and entertainment costs in Central and Other; and

•A decrease in core network and information technology-related costs of $3.2 million or 8.7%, primarily due to lower information technology-related expenses in Switzerland.

Share-based compensation expense

Our share-based compensation expense primarily relates to the share-based incentive awards issued by Liberty Global to its employees and employees of its subsidiaries. A summary of our aggregate share-based compensation expense is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Liberty Global:
Non-Performance based incentive awards	$	29.2	$	33.0
Performance based incentive awards (a)	—		7.1
Other (b)	6.8		9.0
Total Liberty Global	36.0		49.1
Other	7.8		2.3
Total	$	43.8	$	51.4
Included in:
Other operating expense	$	2.2	$	0.3
SG&A expense	41.6		51.1
Total	$	43.8	$	51.4

_______________

(a)The 2022 amount includes share-based compensation expense related to our 2019 Challenge Performance Awards.

(b)Represents annual incentive compensation and defined contribution plan liabilities that have been or are expected to be settled with Liberty Global ordinary shares. In the case of annual incentive compensation, shares have been or will be issued to senior management and key employees pursuant to a shareholding incentive program. The shareholding incentive program allows these employees to elect to receive up to 100% of their annual incentive compensation in ordinary shares of Liberty Global in lieu of cash.

For additional information regarding our share-based compensation expense, see note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Depreciation and amortization expense

Our depreciation and amortization expense was $526.9 million and $564.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Excluding the effects of FX, depreciation and amortization expense decreased $25.9 million or 4.6% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022. This decrease is primarily due to the net effect of (i) a decrease associated with certain assets becoming fully depreciated, primarily in Central and Other, Switzerland and Belgium, and (ii) an increase associated with property and equipment additions, the expansion and upgrade of our networks and other capital initiatives, primarily in Central and Other, Switzerland and Belgium.

Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net

We recognized impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net, of $16.4 million and $9.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which includes direct acquisition and disposition costs of $13.9 million and $10.2 million, respectively, primarily in Belgium and Central and Other.

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If, among other factors, (i) our equity values were to decline or (ii) the adverse impacts of economic, competitive, regulatory or other factors were to cause our results of operations or cash flows to be worse than anticipated, we could conclude in future periods that impairment charges are required in order to reduce the carrying values of our goodwill and, to a lesser extent, other long-lived assets. Any such impairment charges could be significant.

Interest expense

We recognized interest expense of $200.9 million and $134.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Excluding the effects of FX, interest expense increased $75.9 million or 56.6% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022. This increase is primarily attributable to a higher weighted average interest rate. For additional information regarding our outstanding indebtedness, see note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

It is possible that the interest rates on (i) any new borrowings could be higher than the current interest rates on our existing indebtedness and (ii) our variable-rate indebtedness could increase in future periods. As further discussed in note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements and under Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk below, we use derivative instruments to manage our interest rate risks.

Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net

Our realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivative instruments include (i) unrealized changes in the fair values of our derivative instruments that are non-cash in nature until such time as the derivative contracts are fully or partially settled and (ii) realized gains or losses upon the full or partial settlement of the derivative contracts. The details of our realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (a)	$	(66.9)	$	472.3
Equity-related derivative instruments (b)	31.7		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	0.8		36.4
Other	—		(0.4)
Total	$	(34.4)	$	508.3

_______________ 

(a)The loss for the 2023 period is attributable to net losses associated with changes in (i) the relative value of certain currencies and (ii) certain market interest rates. In addition, the loss for the 2023 period includes a net loss of $21.4 million resulting from changes in our credit risk valuation adjustments. The gain for the 2022 period is attributable to net gains associated with changes in (a) certain market interest rates and (b) the relative value of certain currencies. In addition, the gain for the 2022 period includes a net gain of $4.5 million resulting from changes in our credit risk valuation adjustments.

(b)The recurring fair value measurements of our equity-related derivative instruments are based on Black-Scholes pricing models.

For additional information concerning our derivative instruments, see notes 6 and 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements and Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk below.

65

Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net

Our foreign currency transaction gains or losses primarily result from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the underlying functional currency of the applicable entity. Unrealized foreign currency transaction gains or losses are computed based on period-end exchange rates and are non-cash in nature until such time as the amounts are settled. The details of our foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net, are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Intercompany payables and receivables denominated in a currency other than the entity’s functional currency (a)	$	(414.2)	$	783.3
U.S. dollar-denominated debt issued by euro functional currency entities	112.0		(213.1)
Other	(0.7)		4.8
Total	$	(302.9)	$	575.0

_______________ 

(a)Amounts primarily relate to (i) loans between certain of our non-operating and operating subsidiaries in Europe, which generally are denominated in the currency of the applicable operating subsidiary, and (ii) loans between certain of our non-operating subsidiaries in the U.S. and Europe.

Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net

Our realized and unrealized gains or losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments include unrealized gains or losses associated with changes in fair values that are non-cash in nature until such time as these gains or losses are realized through cash transactions. For additional information regarding our investments and fair value measurements, see notes 5 and 7, respectively, to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The details of our realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net, are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
ITV	$	45.1	$	(167.4)
Vodafone	(37.4)		—
Lionsgate	34.1		(2.5)
Lacework	(21.4)		—
Plume	(17.5)		0.2
SMAs	(14.5)		(8.9)
EdgeConneX	11.9		13.5
Other, net	(5.8)		71.7
Total	(5.5)		(93.4)

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Share of results of affiliates, net

The following table sets forth the details of our share of results of affiliates, net:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
VMO2 JV (a)	$	(178.5)	$	187.1
VodafoneZiggo JV (b)	(35.7)		48.6
AtlasEdge JV	(10.1)		(3.0)
nexfibre JV	(8.6)		—
Other, net	(5.7)		(2.2)
Total	$	(238.6)	$	230.5

_______________

(a)Represents (i) our 50% share of the results of operations of the VMO2 JV and (ii) 100% of the share-based compensation expense associated with Liberty Global awards granted to VMO2 JV employees who were formerly employees of Liberty Global prior to the VMO2 JV formation, as these awards remain our responsibility. The summarized results of operations of the VMO2 JV are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Revenue	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,025.9	$	1,395.3
Operating income (loss)	$	(39.7)	$	286.6
Non-operating income (expense) (1)	$	(414.4)	$	92.0
Net earnings (loss)	$	(352.1)	$	318.1

    _______________

(1)Includes interest expense of $327.7 million and $235.0 million, respectively.

The change in the VMO2 JV’s revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, is primarily due to the net effect of (i) an increase in other revenue due to the construction agreement with the nexfibre JV, (ii) an increase in mobile revenue, (iii) a decrease in residential fixed revenue and (iv) a decrease in B2B revenue, with each revenue category as defined and reported by the VMO2 JV. The change in the VMO2 JV’s Adjusted EBITDA during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, is primarily due to the net effect of (a) higher energy costs and (b) the realization of synergies. In addition, the reported revenue and Adjusted EBITDA amounts are impacted by FX.

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(b)Represents (i) our 50% share of the results of operations of the VodafoneZiggo JV and (ii) interest income of $13.5 million and $14.1 million, respectively, representing 100% of the interest earned on the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables. The summarized results of operations of the VodafoneZiggo JV are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Revenue	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0
Adjusted EBITDA	$	471.5	$	537.8
Operating income	$	59.8	$	109.5
Non-operating income (expense) (1)	$	(168.7)	$	17.5
Net earnings (loss)	$	(88.1)	$	72.3

    _______________

(1)Includes interest expense of $180.6 million and $144.1 million, respectively.

The change in the VodafoneZiggo JV’s revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, is primarily due to the net effect of (i) a decrease in residential fixed revenue, (ii) an increase in residential mobile revenue and (iii) an increase in B2B revenue. The change in the VodafoneZiggo JV’s Adjusted EBITDA during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, is primarily due to inflation-related increases in energy, staff and service delivery platform costs. In addition, the reported revenue and Adjusted EBITDA amounts are impacted by FX.

Other income, net

We recognized other income, net, of $43.9 million and $11.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts include (i) interest and dividend income of $33.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively, and (ii) credits related to the non-service component of our net periodic pension costs of $5.2 million and $8.9 million, respectively.

Income tax expense

We recognized income tax expense of $12.5 million and $81.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The income tax expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023 differs from the expected income tax benefit of $164.7 million (based on the U.K. blended income tax rate of 23.5%), primarily due to the net negative impact of (i) non-deductible or non-taxable foreign currency exchange results and (ii) certain permanent differences between the financial and tax accounting treatment of items associated with investments in subsidiaries.

The income tax expense during the three months ended March 31, 2022 differs from the expected income tax expense of $219.8 million (based on the U.K. statutory income tax rate of 19.0%), primarily due to the net positive impact of non-deductible or non-taxable foreign currency exchange results.

For additional information concerning our income taxes, see note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we reported earnings (loss) from continuing operations of ($713.5 million) and $1,075.7 million, respectively, consisting of (i) operating income of $37.4 million and $58.8 million, respectively, (ii) net non-operating income (expense) of ($738.4 million) and $1,098.1 million, respectively, and (iii) income tax expense of $12.5 million and $81.2 million, respectively.

Gains or losses associated with (i) changes in the fair values of derivative instruments, (ii) movements in foreign currency exchange rates and (iii) the disposition of assets and changes in ownership are subject to a high degree of volatility and, as such, any gains from these sources do not represent a reliable source of income. In the absence of significant gains in the future from these sources or from other non-operating items, our ability to achieve earnings is largely dependent on our ability to increase

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our aggregate operating income to a level that more than offsets the aggregate amount of our (a) interest expense, (b) other non-operating expenses and (c) income tax expense.

Due largely to the fact that we seek to maintain our debt at levels that provide for attractive equity returns, as discussed under Material Changes in Financial Condition — Capitalization below, we expect we will continue to report significant levels of interest expense for the foreseeable future. For information concerning our expectations with respect to trends that may affect certain aspects of our operating results in future periods, see the discussion under Overview above. For information concerning the reasons for changes in specific line items in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, see Discussion and Analysis of our Reportable Segments and Discussion and Analysis of our Consolidated Operating Results above.

Earnings from discontinued operations, net of taxes

We reported earnings from discontinued operations, net of taxes, of $34.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to the results of UPC Poland. For additional information, see note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests was $7.9 million and $72.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily attributable to the results of operations of Telenet.

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Material Changes in Financial Condition

Sources and Uses of Cash

We are a holding company that is dependent on the capital resources of our subsidiaries to satisfy our liquidity requirements at the corporate level. Each of our significant operating subsidiaries is separately financed within one of our three subsidiary “borrowing groups”. These borrowing groups include the respective restricted parent and subsidiary entities within UPC Holding, Telenet and VM Ireland. Although our borrowing groups typically generate cash from operating activities, the terms of the instruments governing the indebtedness of these borrowing groups may restrict our ability to access the liquidity of these subsidiaries. In addition, our ability to access the liquidity of these and other subsidiaries may be limited by tax and legal considerations, the presence of noncontrolling interests and other factors.

Cash, cash equivalents and SMAs

The details of the U.S. dollar equivalent balances of our consolidated cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2023 are set forth in the following table (in millions):

Cash and cash equivalents held by:
Liberty Global and unrestricted subsidiaries:
Liberty Global (a)	$	1.4
Unrestricted subsidiaries (b)	338.1
Total Liberty Global and unrestricted subsidiaries	339.5
Borrowing groups (c):
Telenet	1,100.6
UPC Holding	5.8
VM Ireland	0.3
Total borrowing groups	1,106.7
Total cash and cash equivalents (d)	1,446.2
Investments held under SMAs (e)	2,410.0
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments held under SMAs	$	3,856.2

_______________

(a)Represents the amount held by Liberty Global on a standalone basis.

(b)Represents the aggregate amount held by subsidiaries that are outside of our borrowing groups.

(c)Represents the aggregate amounts held by the parent entity and restricted subsidiaries of our borrowing groups.

(d)The total cash and cash equivalents balance includes $1,224.2 million or 84.6% and $173.4 million or 12.0% denominated in euros and U.S. dollars, respectively.

(e)The balance of our investments held under SMAs is denominated entirely in U.S. dollars and held by unrestricted subsidiaries that are outside of our borrowing groups.

For additional information regarding our cash and cash equivalents and investments held under SMAs, see the discussion under Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk — Cash and Investments below.

Liquidity of Liberty Global and its unrestricted subsidiaries

The $1.4 million of cash and cash equivalents held by Liberty Global and, subject to certain tax and legal considerations, the $338.1 million of aggregate cash and cash equivalents held by unrestricted subsidiaries, together with the $2,410.0 million of investments held under SMAs, represented available liquidity at the corporate level at March 31, 2023. Our remaining cash and cash equivalents of $1,106.7 million at March 31, 2023 were held by our borrowing groups, as set forth in the table above. As noted above, various factors may limit our ability to access the cash of our borrowing groups. For information regarding

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certain limitations imposed by our subsidiaries’ debt instruments at March 31, 2023, see note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Our short-term sources of corporate liquidity include (i) cash and cash equivalents held by Liberty Global and, subject to certain tax and legal considerations, Liberty Global’s unrestricted subsidiaries, (ii) investments held under SMAs, (iii) interest and dividend income received on our and, subject to certain tax and legal considerations, our unrestricted subsidiaries’ cash and cash equivalents and investments, including dividend distributions received from the VMO2 JV or the VodafoneZiggo JV, (iv) cash received with respect to transitional and other services provided to various third parties and (v) interest payments received with respect to the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables.

From time to time, Liberty Global and its unrestricted subsidiaries may also receive (i) proceeds in the form of dividend distributions or loan repayments from Liberty Global’s borrowing groups or affiliates (including amounts from the VMO2 JV or the VodafoneZiggo JV) upon (a) the completion of recapitalizations, refinancings, asset sales or similar transactions by these entities or (b) the accumulation of excess cash from operations or other means, (ii) proceeds upon the disposition of investments and other assets of Liberty Global and its unrestricted subsidiaries, such as the sale of UPC Poland, and (iii) proceeds in connection with the incurrence of debt by Liberty Global or its unrestricted subsidiaries or the issuance of equity securities by Liberty Global, including equity securities issued to satisfy subsidiary obligations. No assurance can be given that any external funding would be available to Liberty Global or its unrestricted subsidiaries on favorable terms, or at all.

At March 31, 2023, our consolidated cash and cash equivalents balance included $1,292.5 million held by entities that are domiciled outside of the U.K. Based on our assessment of our ability to access the liquidity of our subsidiaries on a tax efficient basis and our expectations with respect to our corporate liquidity requirements, we do not anticipate that tax considerations will adversely impact our corporate liquidity over the next 12 months. Our ability to access the liquidity of our subsidiaries on a tax efficient basis is a consideration in assessing the extent of our share repurchase program.

In addition, the amount of cash we receive from our subsidiaries to satisfy U.S. dollar-denominated liquidity requirements is impacted by fluctuations in exchange rates, particularly with regard to the translation of euros, British pound sterling and Swiss francs into U.S. dollars. In this regard, the strengthening (weakening) of the U.S. dollar against these currencies will result in decreases (increases) in the U.S. dollars received from the applicable subsidiaries to fund the repurchase of our equity securities and other U.S. dollar-denominated liquidity requirements.

Our short- and long-term liquidity requirements include (i) corporate general and administrative expenses, (ii) interest payments on the Vodafone Collar Loan and (iii) principal payments on the Vodafone Collar Loan to the extent not settled through the delivery of the underlying shares. In addition, Liberty Global and its unrestricted subsidiaries may require cash in connection with (a) the repayment of third-party and intercompany debt, (b) the satisfaction of contingent liabilities, (c) acquisitions, (d) the repurchase of equity and debt securities, (e) other investment opportunities, (f) any funding requirements of our subsidiaries and affiliates or (g) income tax payments. Our parent entity also uses available liquidity to make interest and principal payments on notes payable to certain of our unrestricted subsidiaries (aggregate outstanding principal of $13.5 billion at March 31, 2023 with varying maturity dates).

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of our share repurchases, including direct acquisition costs, was $236.8 million. Under our current repurchase program, we are authorized during 2023 to repurchase 10% of our total outstanding shares as of the beginning of the year. For additional information regarding our share repurchase programs, see note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity of borrowing groups

The cash and cash equivalents of our borrowing groups are detailed in the table above. In addition to cash and cash equivalents, the primary sources of liquidity of our borrowing groups are cash provided by operations and borrowing availability under their respective debt instruments. For the details of the borrowing availability of our borrowing groups at March 31, 2023, see note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The aforementioned sources of liquidity may be supplemented in certain cases by contributions and/or loans from Liberty Global and its unrestricted subsidiaries.

The liquidity of our borrowing groups generally is used to fund (i) property and equipment additions, (ii) debt service requirements and (iii) income tax payments, as well as to settle certain obligations that are not included on our March 31, 2023 condensed consolidated balance sheet. In this regard, we have significant commitments related to (a) certain operating costs associated with our networks, (b) purchase obligations associated with CPE and certain service-related commitments and (c) programming, studio output and sports rights contracts. These obligations are expected to represent a significant liquidity

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requirement of our borrowing groups, a significant portion of which is due over the next 12 to 24 months. For additional information regarding our commitments, see note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

From time to time, our borrowing groups may also require liquidity in connection with (i) acquisitions and other investment opportunities, (ii) loans to Liberty Global, (iii) capital distributions to Liberty Global and other equity owners or (iv) the satisfaction of contingent liabilities. No assurance can be given that any external funding would be available to our borrowing groups on favorable terms, or at all.

For additional information regarding our consolidated cash flows, see the discussion under Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows below.

Capitalization

We seek to maintain our debt at levels that provide for attractive equity returns without assuming undue risk. In this regard, we generally seek to cause our operating subsidiaries to maintain their debt at levels that result in a consolidated debt balance (excluding the Vodafone Collar Loan and measured using subsidiary debt figures at swapped foreign currency exchange rates, consistent with the covenant calculation requirements of our subsidiary debt agreements) that is between four and five times our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, although the timing of our acquisitions and financing transactions and the interplay of average and spot foreign currency rates may impact this ratio. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure, which investors should view as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, GAAP measures of performance included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Our ability to service or refinance our debt and to maintain compliance with the leverage covenants in the credit agreements and indentures of our borrowing groups is dependent primarily on our ability to maintain or increase the Adjusted EBITDA of our operating subsidiaries and to achieve adequate returns on our property and equipment additions and acquisitions. In addition, our ability to obtain additional debt financing is limited by the incurrence-based leverage covenants contained in the various debt instruments of our borrowing groups. For example, if the Adjusted EBITDA of one of our borrowing groups were to decline, our ability to obtain additional debt could be limited. Under our credit facilities and senior and senior secured notes there is no cross-default risk between subsidiary borrowing groups in the event that one or more of our borrowing groups were to experience significant declines in their Adjusted EBITDA to the extent they were no longer able to service their debt obligations. Any mandatory prepayment events or events of default that may occur would only impact the relevant borrowing group in which these events occur and do not allow for any recourse to other borrowing groups or Liberty Global plc. Our credit facilities and senior and senior secured notes require that certain members of the relevant borrowing group guarantee the payment of all sums payable thereunder and such group members are required to grant first-ranking security over their shares or, in certain borrowing groups, over substantially all of their assets to secure the payment of all sums payable thereunder. At March 31, 2023, each of our borrowing groups was in compliance with its debt covenants. In addition, we do not anticipate any instances of non-compliance with respect to the debt covenants of our borrowing groups that would have a material adverse impact on our liquidity during the next 12 months.

At March 31, 2023, the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated debt, together with our finance lease obligations, aggregated $15.2 billion, including $0.8 billion that is classified as current on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and $7.7 billion that is not due until 2029 or thereafter. All of our consolidated debt and finance lease obligations have been borrowed or incurred by our subsidiaries at March 31, 2023.

We believe we have sufficient resources to repay or refinance the current portion of our debt and finance lease obligations and to fund our foreseeable liquidity requirements during the next 12 months. However, as our maturing debt grows in later years, we anticipate we will seek to refinance or otherwise extend our debt maturities. No assurance can be given that we will be able to complete these refinancing transactions or otherwise extend our debt maturities. In this regard, it is not possible to predict how political and economic conditions, sovereign debt concerns or any adverse regulatory developments could impact the credit and equity markets we access and, accordingly, our future liquidity and financial position. Our ability to access debt financing on favorable terms, or at all, could be adversely impacted by (i) the financial failure of any of our counterparties, which could (a) reduce amounts available under committed credit facilities and (b) adversely impact our ability to access cash deposited with any failed financial institution, and (ii) tightening of the credit markets. In addition, any weakness in the equity markets could make it less attractive to use our shares to satisfy contingent or other obligations, and sustained or increased competition, particularly in combination with adverse economic or regulatory developments, could have an unfavorable impact on our cash flows and liquidity.

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For additional information concerning our debt and finance lease obligations, see notes 9 and 10, respectively, to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

General. Our cash flows are subject to significant variations due to FX.

Summary. The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows of our continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022		Change
	in millions
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	307.8	$	605.6	$	(297.8)
Net cash used by investing activities	(1,423.2)		(39.4)		(1,383.8)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities	813.8		(655.7)		1,469.5
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	22.0		(10.5)		32.5
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(279.6)	$	(100.0)	$	(179.6)

Operating Activities. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities is primarily attributable to the net effect of (i) a decrease in cash provided by our Adjusted EBITDA and related working capital items, which includes a decrease in cash provided of $113.7 million (at the applicable rate) in connection with the sale of certain handset receivables in Switzerland during the first three months of 2022, (ii) an increase in cash provided due to higher net cash receipts related to derivative instruments, (iii) a decrease in cash provided of $94.8 million due to lower dividend distributions received from the VodafoneZiggo JV, (iv) a decrease in cash provided due to higher payments of interest, (v) an increase in cash provided due to higher receipts of interest and (vi) a decrease due to FX. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure, which investors should view as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, GAAP measures of performance included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Investing Activities. The increase in net cash used by investing activities is primarily attributable to (i) an increase in cash used of $1,551.7 million associated with higher net cash paid for investments, primarily related to our investment in Vodafone, (ii) a decrease in cash used of $198.3 million due to higher dividend distributions received from the VMO2 JV and (iii) an increase in cash used of $93.8 million associated with higher net cash paid for acquisitions.

The capital expenditures we report in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows do not include amounts that are financed under capital-related vendor financing or finance lease arrangements. Instead, these amounts are reflected as non-cash additions to our property and equipment when the underlying assets are delivered and as repayments of debt when the principal is repaid. In this discussion, we refer to (i) our capital expenditures as reported in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, which exclude amounts financed under capital-related vendor financing or finance lease arrangements, and (ii) our total property and equipment additions, which include our capital expenditures on an accrual basis and amounts financed under capital-related vendor financing or finance lease arrangements. For further details regarding our property and equipment additions, see note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. A reconciliation of our consolidated property and equipment additions to our consolidated capital expenditures, as reported in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, is set forth below:

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	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Property and equipment additions	$	389.9	$	381.9
Assets acquired under capital-related vendor financing arrangements	(42.3)		(66.7)
Assets acquired under finance leases	(7.3)		(8.7)
Changes in current liabilities related to capital expenditures	36.9		66.3
Capital expenditures, net	$	377.2	$	372.8

The increase in our property and equipment additions during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, is primarily due to the net effect of (i) an increase in local currency expenditures of our subsidiaries due to the net effect of (a) an increase in new build and upgrade projects, (b) a decrease in expenditures to support new customer products and operational efficiency initiatives and (c) an increase in baseline expenditures, including network improvements and expenditures for property and facilities and information technology systems, and (ii) a decrease due to FX.

Financing Activities. The change in net cash provided (used) by financing activities is primarily attributable to the net effect of (i) an increase in cash of $1,214.3 million due to higher net borrowings of debt related to the Vodafone Collar Loan, (ii) an increase in cash of $251.3 million due to lower repurchases of Liberty Global ordinary shares and (iii) a decrease in cash of $53.1 million due to higher net payments related to derivatives.

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Adjusted Free Cash Flow

We define adjusted free cash flow as net cash provided by the operating activities of our continuing operations, plus operating-related vendor financed expenses (which represents an increase in the period to our actual cash available as a result of extending vendor payment terms beyond normal payment terms, which are typically 90 days or less, through non-cash financing activities), less (i) cash payments in the period for capital expenditures, (ii) principal payments on operating- and capital-related amounts financed by vendors and intermediaries (which represents a decrease in the period to our actual cash available as a result of paying amounts to vendors and intermediaries where we previously had extended vendor payments beyond the normal payment terms) and (iii) principal payments on finance leases (which represents a decrease in the period to our actual cash available), each as reported in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows with each item excluding any cash provided or used by our discontinued operations. Net cash provided by operating activities of our continuing operations includes cash paid for third-party costs directly associated with successful and unsuccessful acquisitions and dispositions of $11.6 million and $13.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We believe our presentation of adjusted free cash flow, which is a non-GAAP measure, provides useful information to our investors because this measure can be used to gauge our ability to (i) service debt and (ii) fund new investment opportunities after consideration of all actual cash payments related to our working capital activities and expenses that are capital in nature whether paid inside normal vendor payment terms or paid later outside normal vendor payment terms (in which case we typically pay in less than 365 days). Adjusted free cash flow should not be understood to represent our ability to fund discretionary amounts, as we have various mandatory and contractual obligations, including debt repayments, that are not deducted to arrive at these amounts. Investors should view adjusted free cash flow as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, GAAP measures of liquidity included in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Further, our adjusted free cash flow may differ from how other companies define and apply their definition of adjusted free cash flow.

The following table provides the details of our adjusted free cash flow:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Net cash provided by operating activities of our continuing operations	$	307.8	$	605.6
Operating-related vendor financing additions (a)	141.4		133.7
Cash capital expenditures, net	(377.2)		(372.8)
Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing	(143.5)		(208.4)
Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing	(104.5)		(35.9)
Principal payments on finance leases	(2.4)		(17.8)
Adjusted free cash flow	$	(178.4)	$	104.4

_______________

(a)For purposes of our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, operating-related vendor financing additions represent operating-related expenses financed by an intermediary that are treated as constructive operating cash outflows and constructive financing cash inflows when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor. When we pay the financing intermediary, we record financing cash outflows in our consolidated statements of cash flows. For purposes of our adjusted free cash flow definition, we (i) add in the constructive financing cash inflow when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor as our actual net cash available at that time is not affected and (ii) subsequently deduct the related financing cash outflow when we actually pay the financing intermediary, reflecting the actual reduction to our cash available to service debt or fund new investment opportunities.

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

General

The capitalized terms used below have been defined in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements. In the following text, the terms “we,” “our,” “our company” and “us” may refer, as the context requires, to Liberty Global or collectively to Liberty Global and its subsidiaries.

We are exposed to market risk in the normal course of our business operations due to our investments in various foreign countries and ongoing investing and financing activities. Market risk refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and stock prices. The risk of loss can be assessed from the perspective of adverse changes in fair values, cash flows and future earnings. As further described below, we have established policies, procedures and processes governing our management of market risks and the use of derivative instruments to manage our exposure to such risks.

The information in this section should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion that appears under Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our 10-K. The following discussion updates selected numerical information to March 31, 2023.

Unless otherwise indicated, convenience translations into U.S. dollars are calculated as of March 31, 2023.

Cash and Investments

We invest our cash in highly liquid instruments that meet high credit quality standards. We are exposed to exchange rate risk to the extent that the denominations of our cash and cash equivalent balances, revolving lines of credit and other short-term sources of liquidity do not correspond to the denominations of our and our subsidiaries’ short-term liquidity requirements. In order to mitigate this risk, we actively manage the denominations of our cash balances in light of our and our subsidiaries’ forecasted liquidity requirements. At March 31, 2023, $1,224.2 million or 84.6% and $173.4 million or 12.0% of our consolidated cash balance was denominated in euros and U.S. dollars, respectively. At March 31, 2023, the balance of our consolidated investments held under SMAs was denominated entirely in U.S. dollars.

Foreign Currency Risk

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk with respect to our consolidated debt in situations where our debt is denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the operations whose cash flows support our ability to repay or refinance such debt. For information regarding our use of derivative instruments to manage our foreign currency exchange rate risk, see note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

The relationships between the primary currencies of the countries in which we operate and the U.S. dollar, which is our reporting currency, are shown below, per one U.S. dollar:

	March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
Spot rates:
Euro	0.9200	0.9337
Swiss franc	0.9139	0.9219
British pound sterling	0.8098	0.8265
Polish zloty	4.3043	4.3686

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	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2023	2022
Average rates:
Euro	0.9320	0.8907
Swiss franc	0.9253	0.9237
British pound sterling	0.8229	0.7453
Polish zloty	4.3895	4.1127

Inflation and Foreign Investment Risk

We are subject to inflationary pressures with respect to labor, programming and other costs. In this regard, inflation rates in the countries in which we operate have recently increased, and in many countries such increases have been significant. While we attempt to increase our revenue to offset increases in costs, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so. Therefore, costs could rise faster than associated revenue, thereby resulting in a negative impact on our operating results, cash flows and liquidity. The economic environment in the respective countries in which we operate is a function of government, economic, fiscal and monetary policies and various other factors beyond our control that could lead to inflation. We are unable to predict the extent that price levels might be impacted in future periods by the current state of the economies in the countries in which we operate.

Interest Rate Risks

We are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily as a result of our borrowing activities, which include fixed-rate and variable-rate borrowings by our borrowing groups. Our primary exposure to variable-rate debt is through the EURIBOR-indexed and LIBOR-indexed debt of our borrowing groups and the variable-rate debt of certain of our other subsidiaries.

In general, we enter into derivative instruments to protect against increases in the interest rates on our variable-rate debt. Accordingly, we have entered into various derivative transactions to manage exposure to increases in interest rates. We use interest rate derivative contracts to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and variable interest rates calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. From time to time, we also use interest rate cap, floor and collar agreements that lock in a maximum interest rate if variable rates rise, but also allow our company to benefit, to a limited extent in the case of collars, from declines in market rates. Under our current guidelines, we use various interest rate derivative instruments to mitigate interest rate risk. The final maturity dates of our various portfolios of interest rate derivative instruments might, in some instances, fall short of the respective maturities of the underlying variable-rate debt. In this regard, we use judgment to determine the appropriate composition and maturity dates of our portfolios of interest rate derivative instruments, taking into account the relative costs and benefits of different maturity profiles in light of current and expected future market conditions, liquidity issues and other factors. For additional information concerning the impacts of these interest rate derivative instruments, see note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. Additionally, the European Money Markets Institute (the authority that administers EURIBOR) announced that measures would need to be undertaken by the end of 2021 to reform EURIBOR to ensure compliance with the E.U. Benchmarks Regulation. In November 2020, ICE Benchmark Administration (the entity that administers LIBOR) announced its intention to continue publishing USD LIBOR rates until June 30, 2023, with the exception of the one-week and two-month rates which, along with all CHF and GBP LIBOR rates, it ceased to publish after December 31, 2021. Furthermore, in November 2022, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority proposed that certain tenors of USD LIBOR would continue to be published on a synthetic basis until the end of September 2024. While this extension allows additional runway on existing contracts using USD LIBOR rates, companies are still encouraged to transition away from using USD LIBOR as soon as practicable and should not enter into new contracts that use USD LIBOR after 2021. The methodology for EURIBOR has been reformed and EURIBOR has been granted regulatory approval to continue to be used. Currently, there is no consensus amongst loan borrowers and investors for what rate(s) should replace USD LIBOR.

In October 2020, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (the ISDA) launched the Fallback Supplement, which, as of January 25, 2021, amended the standard definitions for interest rate derivatives to incorporate fallbacks for derivatives linked to certain key interbank offered rates (IBORs). The ISDA also launched the Fallback Protocol, a protocol that enables market participants to incorporate these revisions into their legacy non-cleared derivatives with other counterparties that choose to adhere to the protocol. The fallbacks for a particular currency apply following a permanent cessation of the IBOR

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in that currency, or in the case of an IBOR setting, that IBOR setting becoming permanently unrepresentative, and are adjusted versions of the risk-free rates identified in each currency. Our credit agreements contain provisions that contemplate alternative calculations of the base rate applicable to our LIBOR-indexed and EURIBOR-indexed debt to the extent LIBOR or EURIBOR (as applicable) are not available, which alternative calculations we do not anticipate will be materially different from what would have been calculated under LIBOR or EURIBOR (as applicable). Additionally, no mandatory prepayment or redemption provisions would be triggered under our credit agreements in the event that either the LIBOR rate or the EURIBOR rate is not available. It is possible, however, that any new reference rate that applies to our LIBOR-indexed or EURIBOR-indexed debt could be different from any new reference rate that applies to our LIBOR-indexed or EURIBOR-indexed derivative instruments. For discontinued currencies and tenors, we expect to continue taking steps to mitigate the changes in these benchmark rates, including by amending existing credit agreements and adhering to the Fallback Protocol, where appropriate. We plan to continue to manage this difference and any resulting increased variable-rate exposure through modifications to our debt and/or derivative instruments, however, future market conditions may not allow immediate implementation of desired modifications and our subsidiaries may incur significant associated costs.

Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate. At March 31, 2023, the outstanding principal amount of our variable-rate indebtedness aggregated $10.7 billion, and the weighted average interest rate (including margin) on such variable-rate indebtedness was approximately 5.9%, excluding the effects of interest rate derivative contracts, deferred financing costs, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, all of which affect our overall cost of borrowing. Assuming no change in the amount outstanding, and without giving effect to any interest rate derivative contracts, deferred financing costs, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, a hypothetical 50 basis point (0.50%) increase (decrease) in our weighted average variable interest rate would increase (decrease) our annual consolidated interest expense and cash outflows by $53.5 million. As discussed above and in note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, we use interest rate derivative contracts to manage our exposure to increases in variable interest rates. In this regard, increases in the fair value of these contracts generally would be expected to offset most of the economic impact of increases in the variable interest rates applicable to our indebtedness to the extent and during the period that principal amounts are matched with interest rate derivative contracts.

Sensitivity Information

Information concerning the sensitivity of the fair value of certain of our more significant derivative instruments to changes in market conditions is set forth below. The potential changes in fair value set forth below do not include any amounts associated with the remeasurement of the derivative asset or liability into the applicable functional currency. For additional information, see notes 6 and 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

UPC Holding Cross-currency and Interest Rate Derivative Contracts

Holding all other factors constant, at March 31, 2023:

(i)an instantaneous increase (decrease) of 10% in the value of the Swiss franc relative to the U.S. dollar would have decreased (increased) the aggregate fair value of the UPC Holding cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts by approximately €407 million ($443 million);

(ii)an instantaneous increase (decrease) of 10% in the value of the Swiss franc relative to the euro would have decreased (increased) the aggregate fair value of the UPC Holding cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts by approximately €240 million ($261 million); and

(iii)an instantaneous increase (decrease) in the relevant base rate of 50 basis points (0.50%) would have increased (decreased) the aggregate fair value of the UPC Holding cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts by approximately €96 million ($105 million).

Telenet Cross-currency and Interest Rate Derivative Contracts

Holding all other factors constant, at March 31, 2023:

(i)an instantaneous increase (decrease) of 10% in the value of the euro relative to the U.S. dollar would have decreased (increased) the aggregate fair value of the Telenet cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts by approximately €296 million ($322 million); and

78

(ii)an instantaneous increase (decrease) in the relevant base rate of 50 basis points (0.50%) would have increased (decreased) the aggregate fair value of the Telenet cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts by approximately €75 million ($81 million).

Vodafone Collar

Holding all other factors constant, at March 31, 2023, (i) an instantaneous increase of 10% in the per share market price of Vodafone’s ordinary shares would have decreased the fair value of the Vodafone Collar by approximately €97 million ($105 million) and (ii) an instantaneous decrease of 10% in the per market share price of Vodafone’s ordinary shares would have increased the fair value of the Vodafone Collar by approximately €93 million ($101 million).

Projected Cash Flows Associated with Derivative Instruments

The following table provides information regarding the projected cash flows associated with our derivative instruments. The U.S. dollar equivalents presented below are based on interest rate projections and exchange rates as of March 31, 2023. These amounts are presented for illustrative purposes only and will likely differ from the actual cash payments or receipts required in future periods. For additional information regarding our derivative instruments, see note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Payments (receipts) due during:														Total
	Remainder of 2023
			2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter
	in millions
Projected derivative cash payments (receipts), net:
Interest-related (a)	$	(183.4)	$	(277.3)	$	(298.3)	$	(238.7)	$	(234.9)	$	(186.7)	$	(76.7)	$	(1,496.0)
Principal-related (b)	—		—		78.4		50.3		—		(67.6)		74.8		135.9
Other (c)	1.8		0.3		11.0		21.7		—		—		—		34.8
Total	$	(181.6)	$	(277.0)	$	(208.9)	$	(166.7)	$	(234.9)	$	(254.3)	$	(1.9)	$	(1,325.3)

_______________

(a)Includes (i) the cash flows of our interest rate cap, floor and swap contracts and (ii) the interest-related cash flows of our cross-currency and interest rate swap contracts.

(b)Includes the principal-related cash flows of our cross-currency swap contracts.

(c)Includes amounts related to our equity-related derivative instruments and foreign currency forward contracts. We may elect to use cash or the collective value of the related shares and Vodafone Collar to settle the Vodafone Collar Loan.

Item 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In accordance with Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer (the Executives), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, the Executives recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is necessarily required to apply judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and objectives. Based on that evaluation, the Executives concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023 effectively provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

79

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation described above that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

80

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, our subsidiaries and affiliates have become involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of their operations in the normal course of business. For additional information, see note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c)    Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total number  of shares  purchased	Average price paid per  share (a)		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
January 1, 2023 through January 31, 2023:
Class A	—	$	—	—	(b)
Class C	3,289,400	$	21.84	3,289,400	(b)
February 1, 2023 through February 28, 2023:
Class A	—	$	—	—	(b)
Class C	3,318,000	$	21.78	3,318,000	(b)
March 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023:
Class A	430,000	$	18.46	430,000	(b)
Class C	4,205,000	$	20.16	4,205,000	(b)
Total — January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023:
Class A	430,000	$	18.46	430,000	(b)
Class C	10,812,400	$	21.17	10,812,400	(b)

 _____________

(a)Average price paid per share includes direct acquisition costs.

(b)As of March 31, 2023, the remaining number of our Class A and/or Class C ordinary shares that we are authorized to repurchase during 2023 was 34.7 million. Based on the average of the respective closing share prices as of March 31, 2023, this would equate to additional share repurchases during the remainder of 2023 of approximately $691.9 million. For additional information, see note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

81

Item 6.EXHIBITS

Listed below are the exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report (according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K):

31 — Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification:
31.1	Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer*
31.2	Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer*
32 — Section 1350 Certification**
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase*
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)*

_______________ 

*	Filed herewith
**	Furnished herewith

82

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		LIBERTY GLOBAL PLC
Dated:	May 9, 2023	/s/    MICHAEL T. FRIES
		Michael T. Fries President and Chief Executive Officer
Dated:	May 9, 2023	/s/    CHARLES H.R. BRACKEN
		Charles H.R. Bracken Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

83

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Michael T. Fries, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Liberty Global plc;

2.Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this quarterly report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:    May 9, 2023

/s/ Michael T. Fries

Michael T. Fries

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Charles H.R. Bracken, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Liberty Global plc;

2.Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this quarterly report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2023

/s/ Charles H.R. Bracken

Charles H.R. Bracken

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

Certification

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of Liberty Global plc (the "Company"), does hereby certify, to such officer's knowledge, that:

The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 (the "Form 10-Q") of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Dated: May 9, 2023	/s/ Michael T. Fries
	Michael T. Fries
	President and Chief Executive Officer
Dated: May 9, 2023	/s/ Charles H.R. Bracken
	Charles H.R. Bracken
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Form 10-Q or as a separate disclosure document.

XML

Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-35961
Entity Registrant Name	Liberty Global plc
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	X0
Entity Tax Identification Number	98-1112770
Entity Address, Address Line One	Griffin House
Entity Address, Address Line Two	161 Hammersmith Rd
Entity Address, City or Town	London
Entity Address, Country	GB
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	W6 8BS
Country Region	44
City Area Code	208
Local Phone Number	483.6449
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001570585
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Class A
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A ordinary shares
Trading Symbol	LBTYA
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		171,141,531
Class B
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class B ordinary shares
Trading Symbol	LBTYB
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		12,994,000
Class C
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class C ordinary shares
Trading Symbol	LBTYK
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		261,113,677

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,446.2	$ 1,726.2
Trade receivables, net	830.6	830.6
Short-term investments (measured at fair value on a recurring basis) (note 5)	2,187.9	2,621.6
Derivative instruments (note 6)	474.5	382.7
Other current assets (notes 3 and 5)	720.7	736.3
Total current assets	5,659.9	6,297.4
Investments and related notes receivable (including $3,807.4 million and $2,271.4 million, respectively, measured at fair value on a recurring basis) (note 5)	16,384.7	14,948.5
Property and equipment, net (notes 8 and 10)	6,676.9	6,504.5
Goodwill (note 8)	9,432.5	9,316.1
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net (note 8)	2,264.2	2,342.4
Other assets, net (notes 3, 6 and 10)	3,387.6	3,486.1
Total assets	43,805.8	42,895.0
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	478.5	610.1
Deferred revenue (note 3)	344.3	264.4
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations (notes 9 and 10)	758.5	799.7
Accrued capital expenditures	244.8	244.0
Derivative instruments (note 6)	282.1	296.8
Other accrued and current liabilities (note 10)	1,596.8	1,706.0
Total current liabilities	3,705.0	3,921.0
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations (notes 9 and 10)	14,289.2	12,963.5
Long-term operating lease liabilities (note 10)	1,640.5	1,645.9
Other long-term liabilities (notes 3 and 6)	1,801.6	1,791.2
Total liabilities	21,436.3	20,321.6
Commitments and contingencies (notes 6, 9, 10, 11 and 15)
Liberty Global shareholders:
Additional paid-in capital	2,111.2	2,300.8
Accumulated earnings	18,896.3	19,617.7
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings, net of taxes	1,210.5	513.4
Treasury shares, at cost	(0.1)	(0.1)
Total Liberty Global shareholders	22,222.4	22,436.4
Noncontrolling interests	147.1	137.0
Total equity	22,369.5	22,573.4
Total liabilities and equity	43,805.8	42,895.0
Class A
Liberty Global shareholders:
Common stock	1.8	1.8
Class B
Liberty Global shareholders:
Common stock	0.1	0.1
Class C
Liberty Global shareholders:
Common stock	$ 2.6	$ 2.7

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments and receivables at fair value	$ 3,807.4	$ 2,271.4
Class A
Common stock, nominal value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, issued (in shares)	171,742,304	171,917,370
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	171,742,304	171,917,370
Class B
Common stock, nominal value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, issued (in shares)	12,994,000	12,994,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	12,994,000	12,994,000
Class C
Common stock, nominal value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, issued (in shares)	264,184,980	274,436,585
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	264,184,980	274,436,585

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue (notes 3, 4, 5 and 16)	$ 1,868.4	$ 1,853.3
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization, shown separately below):
Programming and other direct costs of services (note 10)	570.7	536.8
Other operating (notes 10 and 13)	301.6	273.2
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) (notes 10 and 13)	415.4	410.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9	564.7
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net (note 10)	16.4	9.4
Operating costs and expenses	1,831.0	1,794.5
Operating income	37.4	58.8
Non-operating income (expense):
Interest expense	(200.9)	(134.2)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net (note 6)	(34.4)	508.3
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	(302.9)	575.0
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net (notes 5 and 7)	(5.5)	(93.4)
Share of results of affiliates, net (note 5)	(238.6)	230.5
Other income, net	43.9	11.9
Non-operating income (expense)	(738.4)	1,098.1
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	(701.0)	1,156.9
Income tax expense (note 11)	(12.5)	(81.2)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	(713.5)	1,075.7
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of taxes (note 4)	0.0	34.6
Net earnings (loss)	(713.5)	1,110.3
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests	(7.9)	(72.0)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$ (721.4)	$ 1,038.3
Basic earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Global shareholders per share (note 14):
Continuing operations (in USD per share)	$ (1.59)	$ 1.93
Discontinued operations (in USD per share)	0	0.07
Basic earnings attributable to Liberty Global shareholders per share (in USD per share)	(1.59)	2.00
Diluted earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Global shareholders per share (note 14):
Continuing operations (in USD per share)	(1.59)	1.88
Discontinued operations (in USD per share)	0	0.07
Diluted earnings attributable to Liberty Global shareholders per share (in USD per share)	$ (1.59)	$ 1.95

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net earnings (loss)	$ (713.5)	$ 1,110.3
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	701.3	(1,185.3)
Reclassification adjustments included in net earnings (loss)	(0.2)	(1.0)
Pension-related adjustments and other	(3.5)	2.0
Other comprehensive earnings (loss) from continuing operations	697.6	(1,184.3)
Other comprehensive loss from discontinued operations (note 4)	0.0	(33.5)
Other comprehensive earnings (loss)	697.6	(1,217.8)
Comprehensive loss	(15.9)	(107.5)
Comprehensive earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests	(8.4)	(72.5)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$ (24.3)	$ (180.0)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Total Liberty Global shareholders	Ordinary shares Class A	Ordinary shares Class B	Ordinary shares Class C	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive earnings, net of taxes	Treasury shares, at cost	Non-controlling interests
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 25,598.0	$ 25,934.9	$ 1.8	$ 0.1	$ 3.4	$ 3,893.0	$ 18,144.5	$ 3,892.2	$ (0.1)	$ (336.9)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net earnings (loss)	1,110.3	1,038.3					1,038.3			72.0
Other comprehensive earnings (loss)	(1,217.8)	(1,218.3)						(1,218.3)		0.5
Repurchases and cancellations of Liberty Global ordinary shares (note 12)	(496.1)	(496.1)			(0.2)	(495.9)
Share-based compensation (note 13)	50.5	50.5				50.5
Repurchases by Telenet of its outstanding shares	(24.9)	(28.0)				(28.0)				3.1
Adjustments due to changes in subsidiaries’ equity and other, net	(12.9)	(13.5)				(13.5)				0.6
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	25,007.1	25,267.8	1.8	0.1	3.2	3,406.1	19,182.8	2,673.9	(0.1)	(260.7)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	22,573.4	22,436.4	1.8	0.1	2.7	2,300.8	19,617.7	513.4	(0.1)	137.0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net earnings (loss)	(713.5)	(721.4)					(721.4)			7.9
Other comprehensive earnings (loss)	697.6	697.1						697.1		0.5
Repurchases and cancellations of Liberty Global ordinary shares (note 12)	(236.8)	(236.8)			(0.1)	(236.7)
Share-based compensation (note 13)	34.9	34.9				34.9
Adjustments due to changes in subsidiaries’ equity and other, net	13.9	12.2				12.2				1.7
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 22,369.5	$ 22,222.4	$ 1.8	$ 0.1	$ 2.6	$ 2,111.2	$ 18,896.3	$ 1,210.5	$ (0.1)	$ 147.1

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings (loss)	$ (713.5)	$ 1,110.3
Earnings from discontinued operations	0.0	34.6
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	(713.5)	1,075.7
Adjustments to reconcile earnings (loss) from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations:
Share-based compensation expense	43.8	51.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9	564.7
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net	16.4	9.4
Amortization of deferred financing costs and non-cash interest	13.4	5.9
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivative instruments, net	34.4	(508.3)
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	302.9	(575.0)
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	5.5	93.4
Share of results of affiliates, net	238.6	(230.5)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(27.6)	46.9
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions and dispositions	(133.0)	(22.8)
Dividend distributions received from the VodafoneZiggo JV	0.0	94.8
Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations	307.8	605.6
Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations	0.0	51.1
Net cash provided by operating activities	307.8	656.7
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash paid for investments	(3,631.7)	(2,200.7)
Cash received from the sale of investments	2,471.8	2,592.5
Capital expenditures, net	(377.2)	(372.8)
Dividend distributions received from the VMO2 JV	198.3	0.0
Cash paid in connection with acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(93.8)	0.0
Other investing activities, net	9.4	(58.4)
Net cash used by investing activities of continuing operations	(1,423.2)	(39.4)
Net cash used by investing activities of discontinued operations	0.0	(15.6)
Net cash used by investing activities	(1,423.2)	(55.0)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings of debt	1,220.3	0.0
Operating-related vendor financing additions	141.4	133.7
Repayments and repurchases of debt and finance lease obligations:
Debt (excluding vendor financing)	(6.7)	(0.7)
Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing	(143.5)	(208.4)
Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing	(104.5)	(35.9)
Principal payments on finance leases	(2.4)	(17.8)
Repurchases of Liberty Global ordinary shares	(229.3)	(480.6)
Net cash paid related to derivative instruments	(62.1)	(9.0)
Repurchases by Telenet of its outstanding shares	0.0	(25.7)
Other financing activities, net	0.6	(11.3)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities of continuing operations	813.8	(655.7)
Net cash used by financing activities of discontinued operations	0.0	(2.6)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities	813.8	(658.3)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Continuing operations	22.0	(10.5)
Discontinued operations	0.0	0.0
Total	22.0	(10.5)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Continuing operations	(279.6)	(100.0)
Discontinued operations	0.0	32.9
Total	(279.6)	(67.1)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Beginning of period	1,732.4	917.3
Net decrease	(279.6)	(67.1)
End of period	1,452.8	850.2
Cash paid for interest:
Continuing operations	284.1	211.4
Discontinued operations	0.0	0.3
Total	284.1	211.7
Net cash paid for taxes:
Continuing operations	99.0	84.8
Discontinued operations	0.0	7.4
Total	$ 99.0	$ 92.2

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Details of end of period cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,446.2	$ 843.4
Restricted cash included in other current assets and other assets, net	6.6	6.8
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 1,452.8	$ 850.2

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Liberty Global plc (Liberty Global) is a public limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales. In these notes, the terms “we,” “our,” “our company” and “us” may refer, as the context requires, to Liberty Global or collectively to Liberty Global and its subsidiaries. We are an international provider of broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and mobile communications services to residential customers and businesses in Europe.

Our continuing operations comprise businesses that provide residential and business-to-business (B2B) communications services in (i) Switzerland and Slovakia through certain wholly-owned subsidiaries that we collectively refer to as “UPC Holding”, (ii) Belgium and Luxembourg through Telenet Group Holding N.V. (Telenet), a 61.1%-owned subsidiary, and (iii) Ireland through another wholly-owned subsidiary (VM Ireland). In addition, we own 50% noncontrolling interests in (a) a 50:50 joint venture (the VMO2 JV) with Telefónica SA (Telefónica), which provides residential and B2B communications services in the United Kingdom (U.K.), and (b) a 50:50 joint venture (the VodafoneZiggo JV) with Vodafone Group plc (Vodafone), which provides residential and B2B communications services in the Netherlands. We also own (1) a 50% noncontrolling voting interest in a joint venture (the AtlasEdge JV), which is a leading European Edge data center platform, and (2) a 25% noncontrolling interest in a joint venture (the nexfibre JV), which is constructing a new fiber network in the U.K. outside of the existing footprint of the VMO2 JV.

Through March 31, 2022, we provided residential and B2B communications services in Poland through UPC Holding. On April 1, 2022, we completed the sale of our operations in Poland. Accordingly, in these condensed consolidated financial statements, our operations in Poland are reflected as discontinued operations for all applicable periods. For additional information, see note 4.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information required by GAAP or Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2022 consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended (our 10-K).

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things, the valuation of acquisition-related assets and liabilities, allowances for uncollectible accounts, certain components of revenue, programming and copyright costs, deferred income taxes and related valuation allowances, loss contingencies, fair value measurements, impairment assessments, capitalization of internal costs associated with construction and installation activities, lease terms, useful lives of long-lived assets, share-based compensation and actuarial liabilities associated with certain benefit plans. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Unless otherwise indicated, the amounts presented in these notes relate only to our continuing operations, and ownership percentages and convenience translations into United States (U.S.) dollars are calculated as of March 31, 2023. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

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Accounting Changes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

Accounting Changes

Accounting Changes

ASU 2022-04

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (ASU 2022-04), which requires additional disclosures for buyers participating in supplier financing programs, which we refer to as vendor financing, including (i) the key terms of the arrangement, (ii) the confirmed amount outstanding at the end of the period, (iii) the balance sheet presentation of related amounts and (iv) a reconciliation of the balances from period to period. We adopted ASU 2022-04 on January 1, 2023, and such adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. For additional information regarding our vendor financing obligations, see note 9.

ASU 2021-08

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08), which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. We adopted ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2023. The main impact of the adoption of ASU 2021-08 is the recognition of contract assets and contract liabilities in business combinations at amounts generally consistent with the carrying value of such assets and liabilities of the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date.

ASU 2020-04

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04), which provides, for a limited time, optional expedients and exceptions for certain contract modifications that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. In December 2022, the FASB deferred the expiration date of ASU 2020-04 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. In accordance with the optional expedients in ASU 2020-04, we have modified certain debt agreements to replace LIBOR with another reference rate and applied the practical expedient to account for the modification as a continuation of the existing contract, and we expect to modify certain additional debt agreements in the future. The use of optional expedients in ASU 2020-04 has not had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements to date. For additional information regarding our debt, see note 9.

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Revenue Recognition and Related Costs

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition and Related Costs

Revenue Recognition and Related Costs

Contract Balances

The timing of our recognition of revenue may differ from the timing of invoicing our customers. We record a trade receivable when we have transferred goods or services to a customer but have not yet received payment. Our trade receivables are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Such allowance aggregated $47.1 million and $43.1 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

If we transfer goods or services to a customer but do not have an unconditional right to payment, we record a contract asset. Contract assets typically arise from the uniform recognition of introductory promotional discounts over the contract period and accrued revenue for handset sales. Our contract assets were $35.5 million and $33.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our contract asset balances are included within other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We record deferred revenue when we receive payment prior to transferring goods or services to a customer. We primarily defer revenue for (i) installation and other upfront services and (ii) other services that are invoiced prior to when services are provided. Our deferred revenue balances were $352.4 million and $272.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is primarily due to the net effect of (a) the impact of additions during the period and (b) the recognition of $148.9 million of revenue that was included in our deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2022. The long-term portions of our deferred revenue balances are included within other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Costs

Our aggregate assets associated with incremental costs to obtain and fulfill our contracts were $72.8 million and $69.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our assets related to contract costs are included within other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We amortized $3.1 million and $4.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to operating costs and expenses related to these assets.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

A large portion of our revenue is derived from customers who are not subject to contracts. Revenue from customers who are subject to contracts is generally recognized over the term of such contracts, which is typically 12 months for our residential service contracts, one to three years for our mobile service contracts and one to five years for our B2B service contracts.

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Acquisitions and Dispositions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Acquisitions and Dispositions [Abstract]

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Acquisitions and Dispositions

2022 Disposition

UPC Poland. On April 1, 2022, we completed the sale of 100% of our operations in Poland (UPC Poland) to a subsidiary of iliad S.A. (iliad).

In connection with the sale of UPC Poland, we have agreed to provide certain transitional services to iliad for a period of up to five years, depending on the service. These services principally comprise network and information technology-related functions. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded revenue of $9.3 million associated with these transitional services.

UPC Poland is presented as a discontinued operation in our condensed consolidated financial statements for all applicable periods. Effective with the signing of the sale and purchase agreement on September 22, 2021, we ceased to depreciate or amortize the associated long-lived assets. Our operations in Poland were held through UPC Holding prior to the disposal date. No debt, interest or derivative instruments of the UPC Holding borrowing group have been allocated to discontinued operations.

The operating results of UPC Poland for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are summarized in the following table (in millions). These amounts exclude intercompany revenue and expenses that are eliminated within our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue	$	109.5
Operating income	$	45.0
Earnings before income taxes	$	43.9
Income tax expense	(9.3)
Net earnings attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$	34.6

Pending Transaction

Telenet NetCo Transaction. On July 19, 2022, Telenet and Fluvius System Operator CV (Fluvius) entered into an agreement to create an independent, self-funding infrastructure company (NetCo) within their combined geographic footprint in Belgium. The companies will each contribute certain cable infrastructure assets with Telenet and Fluvius initially owning 66.8% and 33.2% of NetCo, respectively. Telenet and Liberty Global will consolidate NetCo upon closing of the transaction, which we currently expect to occur in mid-2023. The closing of the transaction is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including regulatory conditions and approval from Fluvius shareholders.

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Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments [Abstract]

Investments

Investments

The details of our investments are set forth below:

Accounting Method	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Ownership (a)
	in millions				%
Equity (b):
Long-term:
VMO2 JV	$	9,612.3	$	9,790.9	50.0
VodafoneZiggo JV (c)	2,330.7		2,345.8		50.0
AtlasEdge JV	232.3		122.2		47.9
All3Media Ltd. (All3Media)	144.5		143.9		50.0
Formula E Holdings Ltd	88.8		87.3		35.9
nexfibre JV	44.7		—		25.0
Other	124.0		187.0
Total — equity	12,577.3		12,677.1
Fair value:
Short-term:
Separately-managed accounts (SMAs) (d)	2,187.9		2,621.6
Long-term:
Vodafone - subject to re-use rights (e)	1,472.1		—		4.9
ITV plc (ITV)	407.5		362.4		9.9
Televisa Univision, Inc.	385.5		385.5		6.3
Lacework, Inc. (Lacework)	221.4		242.8		3.3
SMAs (d)	222.1		233.0
EdgeConneX, Inc. (EdgeConneX)	198.6		183.8		5.2
Plume Design, Inc. (Plume) (f)	228.7		246.2		11.5
Pax8, Inc.	99.0		99.0		5.9
Aviatrix Systems, Inc.	78.2		78.2		3.8
CANAL+ Polska S.A.	73.1		66.1		17.0
Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. (Lionsgate)	70.8		36.7		2.9
Other	350.4		337.7
Total — fair value	5,995.3		4,893.0
Total investments (g)	$	18,572.6	$	17,570.1
Short-term investments	$	2,187.9	$	2,621.6
Long-term investments	$	16,384.7	$	14,948.5

_______________

(a)Our ownership percentages are determined based on our legal ownership as of the most recent balance sheet date or are estimated based on the number of shares we own and the most recent publicly-available information.

(b)Our equity method investments are originally recorded at cost and are adjusted to recognize our share of net earnings or losses of the affiliates as they occur rather than as dividend distributions are received, with our recognition of losses generally limited to the extent of our investment in, and loans and commitments to, the investee. Accordingly, the carrying values of our equity method investments may not equal the respective fair values. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate carrying amounts of our equity method investments exceeded our proportionate share of the respective investee’s net assets by $1,206.0 million and $1,196.8 million, respectively, which primarily includes

amounts associated with the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables, as defined below, and amounts we are owed under a long-term note receivable from All3Media.

(c)Amounts include certain notes receivable due from a subsidiary of the VodafoneZiggo JV to a subsidiary of Liberty Global comprising (i) a euro-denominated note receivable with a principal amount of $760.9 million and $749.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, (the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable I) and (ii) a euro-denominated note receivable with a principal amount of $226.0 million and $222.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, (the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable II and, together with the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable I, the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables). The VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables bear interest at 5.55% and have a final maturity date of December 31, 2030. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, interest accrued on the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables was $13.5 million, all of which has been cash settled.

(d)Represents investments held under SMAs, which are maintained by investment managers acting as agents on our behalf. We classify, measure and report these investments, the composition of which may change from time to time, based on the underlying nature and characteristics of each security held under the SMAs. As of March 31, 2023, all of our investments held under SMAs were classified as available-for-sale debt securities. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, interest accrued on our debt securities, which is included in other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, was $24.0 million and $18.5 million, respectively.

(e)During the first quarter of 2023, we acquired 1,335 million shares of Vodafone at an average purchase price of £0.9195 ($1.1151 at the applicable rate) per share. The aggregate purchase price of £1,227.6 million ($1,488.7 million at the applicable rate) was funded with $269.2 million of cash on hand, net of a $0.3 million collar premium, and the remainder through a collar transaction (the Vodafone Collar Transaction). The Vodafone Collar Transaction includes a collar on the full amount of our Vodafone shares (the Vodafone Collar) and a loan (the Vodafone Collar Loan) collateralized by the Vodafone shares. Under the terms of the Vodafone Collar, the counterparty has the right to re-use pledged Vodafone shares. At March 31, 2023, after consideration of the Vodafone Collar Transaction, the net fair value of our investment in Vodafone is $249.2 million. For additional information regarding the Vodafone Collar Transaction, including a description of the related re-use rights and the impact on the dividends we receive on our Vodafone shares, see note 6.

(f)Our investment in Plume includes warrants with a fair value of $85.2 million and $92.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(g)The purchase and sale of investments are presented on a gross basis in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, including amounts associated with SMAs.

Equity Method Investments

The following table sets forth the details of our share of results of affiliates, net:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
VMO2 JV (a)	$	(178.5)	$	187.1
VodafoneZiggo JV (b)	(35.7)		48.6
AtlasEdge JV	(10.1)		(3.0)
nexfibre JV	(8.6)		—
Other, net	(5.7)		(2.2)
Total	$	(238.6)	$	230.5

_______________

(a)Represents (i) our 50% share of the results of operations of the VMO2 JV and (ii) 100% of the share-based compensation expense associated with Liberty Global awards granted to VMO2 JV employees who were formerly employees of Liberty Global prior to the VMO2 JV formation, as these awards remain our responsibility.

(b)Represents (i) our 50% share of the results of operations of the VodafoneZiggo JV and (ii) 100% of the interest income earned on the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables.

VMO2 JV

Pursuant to an agreement (the U.K. JV Framework Agreement), Liberty Global provides certain services to the VMO2 JV on a transitional or ongoing basis (collectively, the U.K. JV Services). The U.K. JV Services provided by Liberty Global consist primarily of (i) technology and other services and (ii) capital-related expenditures for assets that will be used by or will otherwise benefit the VMO2 JV. Liberty Global charges both fixed and variable fees to the VMO2 JV for the U.K. JV Services it provides during the term of the U.K. JV Framework Agreement. We recorded revenue related to the U.K. JV Services of $65.8 million and $68.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $39.2 million and $37.0 million, respectively, was due from the VMO2 JV, primarily related to (a) services performed under the U.K. JV Framework Agreement and (b) amounts incurred by Liberty Global for certain equipment and licenses purchased on behalf of the VMO2 JV. The amounts due from the VMO2 JV, which are periodically cash settled, are included in other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we received a dividend distribution from the VMO2 JV aggregating $198.3 million, which was accounted for as a return of capital for purposes of our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

The summarized results of operations of the VMO2 JV are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Revenue	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	$	(454.0)	$	378.6
Net earnings (loss)	$	(352.1)	$	318.1

VodafoneZiggo JV

Pursuant to an agreement (the NL JV Framework Agreement), Liberty Global provides certain services to the VodafoneZiggo JV (collectively, the NL JV Services). The NL JV Services provided by Liberty Global consist primarily of (i) technology and other services and (ii) capital-related expenditures for assets that will be used by, or will otherwise benefit, the VodafoneZiggo JV. Liberty Global charges both fixed and usage-based fees to the VodafoneZiggo JV for the NL JV Services provided during the term of the NL JV Framework Agreement. We recorded revenue from the VodafoneZiggo JV of $65.0 million and $60.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to (a) the NL JV Services and (b) the sale of customer premises equipment (CPE) to the VodafoneZiggo JV at a mark-up. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $44.1 million and $35.0 million, respectively, was due from the VodafoneZiggo JV related to the aforementioned transactions. The amounts due from the VodafoneZiggo JV, which are periodically cash settled, are included in other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2022, we received a dividend distribution from the VodafoneZiggo JV aggregating $94.8 million, which was accounted for as a return on capital for purposes of our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

The summarized results of operations of the VodafoneZiggo JV are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Revenue	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	$	(108.9)	$	127.0
Net earnings (loss)	$	(88.1)	$	72.3

Fair Value Investments

The following table sets forth the details of our realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair value, net:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
ITV	$	45.1	$	(167.4)
Vodafone	(37.4)		—
Lionsgate	34.1		(2.5)
Lacework	(21.4)		—
Plume	(17.5)		0.2
SMAs	(14.5)		(8.9)
EdgeConneX	11.9		13.5
Other, net	(5.8)		71.7
Total	$	(5.5)	$	(93.4)

Debt Securities

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of our SMAs were composed of debt securities, which are summarized in the following tables:

	March 31, 2023
	Amortized cost basis		Accumulated unrealized loss		Fair value
	in millions
Commercial paper	$	831.4	$	0.1	$	831.5
Government bonds	596.1		(1.6)		594.5
Certificates of deposit	481.6		(0.3)		481.3
Corporate debt securities	316.0		(3.0)		313.0
Other debt securities	189.7		—		189.7
Total debt securities	$	2,414.8	$	(4.8)	$	2,410.0

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized cost basis		Accumulated unrealized loss		Fair value
	in millions
Commercial paper	$	881.1	$	2.1	$	883.2
Government bonds	697.0		(1.4)		695.6
Certificates of deposit	520.5		(0.6)		519.9
Corporate debt securities	405.3		(4.8)		400.5
Other debt securities	355.0		0.4		355.4
Total debt securities	$	2,858.9	$	(4.3)	$	2,854.6

We received proceeds from the sale of debt securities of $2.4 billion and $2.6 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the majority of which were reinvested in new debt securities held under SMAs. The sale of debt securities resulted in realized net losses of $19.2 million and $3.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The fair values of our debt securities as of March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity are shown below (in millions):

Due in one year or less	$	2,187.9
Due in one to five years	221.0
Due in five to ten years	1.1
Total (a)	$	2,410.0

_______________

(a)The weighted average life of our total debt securities was 0.4 years as of March 31, 2023.

Our investment portfolio is subject to various macroeconomic pressures and has experienced significant volatility, which affects both our non-public and publicly-traded investments. Changes in the fair values of these investments, including changes with respect to interest rates within our local jurisdictions, are likely to continue and could be significant.

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Derivative Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments

In general, we enter into derivative instruments to protect against (i) increases in the interest rates on our variable-rate debt, (ii) foreign currency movements, particularly with respect to borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the borrowing entity, and (iii) decreases in the market prices of certain publicly traded securities that we own. In this regard, through our subsidiaries, we have entered into various derivative instruments to manage interest rate exposure and foreign currency exposure primarily with respect to the U.S. dollar ($), the euro (€), the British pound sterling (£) and the Swiss franc (CHF). Generally, we do not apply hedge accounting to our derivative instruments. Accordingly, changes in the fair values of most of our derivative instruments are recorded in realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivative instruments, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table provides details of the fair values of our derivative instrument assets and liabilities:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Current		Long-term		Total		Current		Long-term		Total
	in millions
Assets (a):
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)	$	472.3	$	827.1	$	1,299.4	$	381.4	$	1,087.6	$	1,469.0
Equity-related derivative instruments (c)	—		121.3		121.3		—		—		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	2.0		—		2.0		1.0		—		1.0
Other	0.2		—		0.2		0.3		—		0.3
Total	$	474.5	$	948.4	$	1,422.9	$	382.7	$	1,087.6	$	1,470.3
Liabilities (a):
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)	$	187.3	$	434.7	$	622.0	$	286.5	$	449.0	$	735.5
Equity-related derivative instruments (c)	88.8		—		88.8		—		—		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	6.0		1.0		7.0		10.3		1.3		11.6
Total	$	282.1	$	435.7	$	717.8	$	296.8	$	450.3	$	747.1

_______________ 

(a)Our long-term derivative assets and long-term derivative liabilities are included in other assets, net, and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(b)We consider credit risk relating to our and our counterparties’ nonperformance in the fair value assessment of our derivative instruments. In all cases, the adjustments take into account offsetting liability or asset positions within each of our subsidiary borrowing groups (as defined and described in note 9). The changes in the credit risk valuation adjustments associated with our cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts resulted in a net gain (loss) of ($21.4 million) and $4.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts are included in realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For further information regarding our fair value measurements, see note 7.

(c)Our equity-related derivative instruments include the Vodafone Collar. The fair value of the Vodafone Collar does not include credit risk valuation adjustments as we assume that any losses incurred by our company in the event of nonperformance by the respective counterparty would be, subject to relevant insolvency laws, fully offset against amounts we owe to such counterparty pursuant to the related secured borrowing arrangements.

The details of our realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	(66.9)	$	472.3
Equity-related derivative instruments	31.7		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	0.8		36.4
Other	—		(0.4)
Total	$	(34.4)	$	508.3

The net cash received or paid related to our derivative instruments is classified as an operating, investing or financing activity in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows based on the objective of the derivative instrument and the classification of the applicable underlying cash flows. The following table sets forth the classification of the net cash outflows of our derivative instruments:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Operating activities	$	56.0	$	(43.2)
Investing activities	—		4.6
Financing activities	(62.1)		(9.0)
Total	$	(6.1)	$	(47.6)

Counterparty Credit Risk

We are exposed to the risk that the counterparties to the derivative instruments of our subsidiary borrowing groups will default on their obligations to us. We manage these credit risks through the evaluation and monitoring of the creditworthiness of, and concentration of risk with, the respective counterparties. In this regard, credit risk associated with our derivative instruments is spread across a relatively broad counterparty base of banks and financial institutions, however notwithstanding, given the size of our derivative portfolio, the default of certain counterparties could have a significant impact on our consolidated statements of operations. Collateral is generally not posted by either party under our derivative instruments. At March 31, 2023, our exposure to counterparty credit risk included derivative assets with an aggregate fair value of $777.6 million.

Details of our Derivative Instruments

Cross-currency Derivative Contracts

We generally match the denomination of our subsidiaries’ borrowings with the functional currency of the supporting operations or, when it is more cost effective, we provide for an economic hedge against foreign currency exchange rate movements by using derivative instruments to synthetically convert unmatched debt into the applicable underlying currency. At March 31, 2023, substantially all of our debt was either directly or synthetically matched to the applicable functional currencies of the underlying operations. The following table sets forth the total notional amounts and the related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our cross-currency swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Notional amount due from counterparty		Notional amount due to counterparty			Weighted average remaining life
	in millions					in years
UPC Holding	$	250.0	€	220.6		2.5
	$	4,475.0	CHF	4,098.2	(a)	5.2
	€	1,952.6	CHF	2,176.5		4.0
Telenet	$	3,940.0	€	3,489.6	(a)	3.8
	€	45.2	$	50.0	(b)	1.8

_______________ 

(a)Includes certain derivative instruments that are “forward-starting,” such that the initial exchange occurs at a date subsequent to March 31, 2023. These instruments are typically entered into in order to extend existing hedges without the need to amend existing contracts.

(b)Includes certain derivative instruments that do not involve the exchange of notional amounts at the inception and maturity of the instruments. Accordingly, the only cash flows associated with these derivative instruments are coupon-related payments and receipts.

Interest Rate Swap Contracts

The following table sets forth the total U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amounts and the related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our interest rate swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Pays fixed rate				Receives fixed rate
	Notional amount			Weighted average remaining life	Notional amount		Weighted average remaining life
	in millions			in years	in millions		in years
UPC Holding	$	3,372.6	(a)	3.3	$	3,266.6	3.4
Telenet	$	3,080.1	(a)	2.2	$	1,415.2	0.6

_______________ 

(a)Includes forward-starting derivative instruments.

Basis Swaps

Our basis swaps involve the exchange of attributes used to calculate our floating interest rates, including (i) the benchmark rate, (ii) the underlying currency and/or (iii) the borrowing period. We typically enter into these swaps to optimize our interest rate profile based on our current evaluations of yield curves, our risk management policies and other factors. The following table sets forth the total U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amounts and related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our basis swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Notional amount due from counterparty		Weighted average remaining life
	in millions		in years
UPC Holding	$	3,605.0	0.5
Telenet	$	3,501.5	0.5
VM Ireland	$	978.3	0.8

Interest Rate Caps, Floors and Collars

From time to time, we enter into interest rate cap, floor and collar agreements. Purchased interest rate caps and collars lock in a maximum interest rate if variable rates rise, but also allow our company to benefit, to a limited extent in the case of collars, from declines in market rates. Purchased interest rate floors protect us from interest rates falling below a certain level, generally to match a floating rate floor on a debt instrument. At March 31, 2023, we had no interest rate collar agreements, and the total U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amounts of our purchased interest rate caps and floors were $1.2 billion and $8.9 billion, respectively.

Impact of Derivative Instruments on Borrowing Costs

The impact of the derivative instruments that mitigate our foreign currency and interest rate risk, as described above, on our borrowing costs is as follows:

	Decrease to borrowing costs at March 31, 2023 (a)
UPC Holding	(3.14)	%
Telenet	(2.72)	%
VM Ireland	(2.58)	%
Total decrease to borrowing costs	(2.93)	%

_______________  

(a)Represents the effect of derivative instruments in effect at March 31, 2023 and does not include forward-starting derivative instruments.    

Foreign Currency Forwards and Options

Certain of our subsidiaries enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts with respect to non-functional currency exposure. As of March 31, 2023, the total U.S. dollar equivalent of the notional amounts of our foreign currency forward and option contracts was $502.2 million.

Equity-related Derivative Instruments

Vodafone Collar and Vodafone Collar Loan. As part of the Vodafone Collar Transaction, on February 11, 2023, we entered into the Vodafone Collar with respect to all 1,335 million of our Vodafone shares. The Vodafone Collar is comprised of (i) purchase put options that we can exercise and (ii) written call options exercisable by the counterparty. The Vodafone Collar effectively hedges the value of our investment in Vodafone shares from potential losses due to market price decreases below the put option price while retaining a portion of the gains from market price increases up to the call option price. For additional information regarding our investment in Vodafone, see note 5.

The Vodafone Collar Transaction also provided us with the ability to effectively finance the purchase of the Vodafone shares. In this regard, on February 11, 2023, we borrowed €1,143.6 million ($1,219.8 million at the applicable rate) under the Vodafone Collar Loan. At March 31, 2023, borrowings under the Vodafone Collar Loan were collateralized by our Vodafone shares. The Vodafone Collar Loan has a face value of €1,258.0 million ($1,341.8 million at the applicable rate) and was issued at a discount of €114.4 million ($122.0 million at the applicable rate) with a zero coupon rate and an average implied yield of 295 basis points (2.95%). The Vodafone Collar Loan has settlement dates from July 2025 to December 2026, contains no financial covenants and provides for customary representations and warranties, events of default and certain adjustment and termination events. Under the terms of the Vodafone Collar, the counterparty has the right to re-use the pledged Vodafone shares, but we have the right to recall the shares that are re-used by the counterparty subject to certain costs. In addition, we will retain a portion of the dividends on the Vodafone shares, dependent on the value of the collar on the ex-dividend date.

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

We use the fair value method to account for (i) certain of our investments and (ii) our derivative instruments. The reported fair values of these investments and derivative instruments as of March 31, 2023 are unlikely to represent the value that will be paid or received upon the ultimate settlement or disposition of these assets and liabilities.

GAAP provides for a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted market prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. We record transfers of assets or liabilities into or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3 at the beginning of the quarter during which the transfer occurred.

We use a Monte Carlo based approach to incorporate a credit risk valuation adjustment in our fair value measurements to estimate the impact of both our own nonperformance risk and the nonperformance risk of our counterparties. Our credit risk valuation adjustments with respect to our cross-currency and interest rate swaps are quantified and further explained in note 6.

Fair value measurements are also used in connection with nonrecurring valuations performed in connection with acquisition accounting and impairment assessments. These nonrecurring valuations include the valuation of reporting units, customer relationships and other intangible assets, property and equipment and the implied value of goodwill. The valuation of reporting units are based at least in part on discounted cash flow analyses. With the exception of certain inputs for our weighted average cost of capital and discount rate calculations that are derived from pricing services, the inputs used in our discounted cash flow analyses, such as forecasts of future cash flows, including inputs with respect to revenue growth and Adjusted EBITDA margin (as defined in note 16), and terminal growth rates, are based on our assumptions. The valuation of customer relationships is primarily based on an excess earnings methodology, which is a form of a discounted cash flow analysis. The excess earnings methodology requires us to estimate the specific cash flows expected from the customer relationship, considering such factors as estimated customer life, the revenue expected to be generated over the life of the customer relationship, contributory asset charges and other factors. Tangible assets are typically valued using a replacement or reproduction cost approach, considering factors such as current prices of the same or similar equipment, the age of the equipment and economic obsolescence. The implied value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination, with the residual amount allocated to goodwill. Most of our nonrecurring valuations use significant unobservable inputs and therefore fall under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not perform any significant nonrecurring fair value measurements.

For additional information concerning our fair value measurements, see note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 10-K.

A summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows:

			Fair value measurements at March 31, 2023 using:
Description	March 31, 2023		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	in millions
Assets:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	1,299.4	$	—	$	1,299.4	$	—
Equity-related derivative instruments	121.3		—		—		121.3
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	2.0		—		2.0		—
Other	0.2		—		0.2		—
Total derivative instruments	1,422.9		—		1,301.6		121.3
Investments:
SMAs	2,410.0		695.7		1,714.3		—
Other investments	3,585.3		1,950.6		0.1		1,634.6
Total investments	5,995.3		2,646.3		1,714.4		1,634.6
Total assets	$	7,418.2	$	2,646.3	$	3,016.0	$	1,755.9
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	622.0	$	—	$	622.0	$	—
Equity-related derivative instruments	88.8		—		—		88.8
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	7.0		—		7.0		—
Total liabilities	$	717.8	$	—	$	629.0	$	88.8

			Fair value measurements at  December 31, 2022 using:
Description	December 31, 2022		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	in millions
Assets:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	1,469.0	$	—	$	1,469.0	$	—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	1.0		—		1.0		—
Other	0.3		—		0.3		—
Total derivative instruments	1,470.3		—		1,470.3		—
Investments:
SMAs	2,854.6		943.2		1,911.4		—
Other investments	2,038.4		399.3		0.1		1,639.0
Total investments	4,893.0		1,342.5		1,911.5		1,639.0
Total assets	$	6,363.3	$	1,342.5	$	3,381.8	$	1,639.0
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	735.5	$	—	$	735.5	$	—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	11.6		—		11.6		—
Total liabilities	$	747.1	$	—	$	747.1	$	—

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable, or Level 3, inputs is as follows:

	Investments		Equity-related derivative instruments		Total
	in millions
Balance of net assets at January 1, 2023	$	1,639.0	$	—	$	1,639.0
Gains (losses) included in loss from continuing operations (a):
Realized and unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net	—		31.7		31.7
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	(32.8)		—		(32.8)
Additions	16.4		—		16.4
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other, net	12.0		0.8		12.8
Balance of net assets at March 31, 2023 (b)	$	1,634.6	$	32.5	$	1,667.1

_______________

(a)Amounts primarily relate to assets and liabilities that we continue to carry on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023.

(b)As of March 31, 2023, $322.8 million of our Level 3 investments were accounted for under the measurement alternative at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes.

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Long-lived Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Long-lived Assets

Long-lived Assets

Property and Equipment, Net

The details of our property and equipment and the related accumulated depreciation are set forth below:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
Distribution systems	$	9,428.5	$	9,134.3
Support equipment, buildings and land	4,196.5		4,067.2
Customer premises equipment	1,304.6		1,338.1
Total property and equipment, gross	14,929.6		14,539.6
Accumulated depreciation	(8,252.7)		(8,035.1)
Total property and equipment, net	$	6,676.9	$	6,504.5

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash increases to our property and equipment related to vendor financing arrangements of $42.3 million and $66.7 million, respectively, which exclude related value-added taxes (VAT) of $6.7 million and $6.6 million, respectively, that were also financed under these arrangements.

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2023 are set forth below:

	January 1, 2023		Acquisitions and related adjustments		Foreign currency translation adjustments and other		March 31, 2023
	in millions
Switzerland	$	6,515.1	$	8.6	$	57.7	$	6,581.4
Belgium	2,480.2		8.5		36.9		2,525.6
Ireland	259.5		—		3.9		263.4
Central and Other	61.3		—		0.8		62.1
Total	$	9,316.1	$	17.1	$	99.3	$	9,432.5

If, among other factors, (i) our equity values were to decline or (ii) the adverse impacts of economic, competitive, regulatory or other factors were to cause our results of operations or cash flows to be worse than anticipated, we could conclude in future periods that impairment charges are required in order to reduce the carrying values of our goodwill and, to a lesser extent, other long-lived assets. Any such impairment charges could be significant.

Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization, Net

The details of our intangible assets subject to amortization are set forth below:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
	in millions
Customer relationships	$	2,319.4	$	(1,030.3)	$	1,289.1	$	2,289.9	$	(932.2)	$	1,357.7
Other	1,487.1		(512.0)		975.1		1,467.2		(482.5)		984.7
Total	$	3,806.5	$	(1,542.3)	$	2,264.2	$	3,757.1	$	(1,414.7)	$	2,342.4

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt and Lease Obligation [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

The U.S. dollar equivalents of the components of our debt are as follows:

	March 31, 2023						Principal amount
	Weighted average interest rate (a)		Unused borrowing capacity (b)
			Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
			in millions
UPC Holding Bank Facility (c)	6.96	%	€	713.4	$	775.4	$	3,605.1	$	3,587.7
UPC SPE Notes	4.57	%	—		—		1,657.5		1,651.6
UPC Holding Senior Notes	4.77	%	—		—		819.5		814.2
Telenet Credit Facility (d)	6.27	%	€	555.0	603.3		3,501.5		3,483.9
Telenet Senior Secured Notes	4.76	%	—		—		1,587.0		1,578.4
VM Ireland Credit Facility (e)	6.38	%	€	100.0	108.7		978.3		963.9
Vodafone Collar Loan (f)	2.95	%	—		—		1,367.4		—
Vendor financing (g)	3.73	%	—		—		655.3		704.7
Other (h)	6.32	%	—		—		587.1		585.8
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums (i)	5.59	%			$	1,487.4	$	14,758.7	$	13,370.2

The following table provides a reconciliation of total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums to total debt and finance lease obligations:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums	$	14,758.7	$	13,370.2
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(161.8)		(43.1)
Total carrying amount of debt	14,596.9		13,327.1
Finance lease obligations (note 10)	450.8		436.1
Total debt and finance lease obligations	15,047.7		13,763.2
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	(758.5)		(799.7)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	$	14,289.2	$	12,963.5

_______________

(a)Represents the weighted average interest rate in effect at March 31, 2023 for all borrowings outstanding pursuant to each debt instrument, including any applicable margin. The interest rates presented represent stated rates and do not include the impact of derivative instruments, deferred financing costs, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, all of which affect our overall cost of borrowing. Including the effects of derivative instruments, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, but excluding the impact of deferred financing costs and certain other obligations that we assumed in connection with certain acquisitions, the weighted average interest rate on our aggregate variable- and fixed-rate indebtedness was 3.22% at March 31, 2023. For information regarding our derivative instruments, see note 6.

(b)Unused borrowing capacity represents the maximum availability under the applicable facility at March 31, 2023 without regard to covenant compliance calculations or other conditions precedent to borrowing. The following table provides our borrowing availability and amounts available to loan or distribute in accordance with the terms of the respective

subsidiary facilities, (i) at March 31, 2023 and (ii) upon completion of the relevant March 31, 2023 compliance reporting requirements. These amounts do not consider any actual or potential changes to our borrowing levels or any amounts loaned or distributed subsequent to March 31, 2023, or the full impact of additional amounts that may be available to borrow, loan or distribute under certain defined baskets within each respective facility.

	Availability
	March 31, 2023				Upon completion of the relevant March 31, 2023 compliance reporting requirements
	Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent		Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent
	in millions
Available to borrow:
UPC Holding Bank Facility	€	713.4	$	775.4	€	713.4	$	775.4
Telenet Credit Facility	€	555.0	$	603.3	€	555.0	$	603.3
VM Ireland Credit Facility	€	100.0	$	108.7	€	100.0	$	108.7
Available to loan or distribute:
UPC Holding Bank Facility	€	713.4	$	775.4	€	713.4	$	775.4
Telenet Credit Facility	€	555.0	$	603.3	€	555.0	$	603.3
VM Ireland Credit Facility	€	100.0	$	108.7	€	100.0	$	108.7

(c)Unused borrowing capacity under the UPC Holding Bank Facility relates to an equivalent €713.4 million ($775.4 million) under the UPC Revolving Facility, part of which has been made available as an ancillary facility. With the exception of €23.0 million ($25.0 million) of borrowings under the ancillary facility, the UPC Revolving Facility was undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(d)Unused borrowing capacity under the Telenet Credit Facility comprises (i) €510.0 million ($554.3 million) under the Telenet Revolving Facility I, (ii) €25.0 million ($27.2 million) under the Telenet Overdraft Facility and (iii) €20.0 million ($21.8 million) under the Telenet Revolving Facility, each of which were undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(e)Unused borrowing capacity under the VM Ireland Credit Facility relates to €100.0 million ($108.7 million) under the VM Ireland Revolving Facility, which was undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(f)For information regarding the Vodafone Collar Loan, see notes 5 and 6.

(g)Represents amounts owed to various creditors pursuant to interest-bearing vendor financing arrangements that are used to finance certain of our property and equipment additions and operating expenses. These arrangements extend our repayment terms beyond a vendor’s original due dates (e.g., extension beyond a vendor’s customary payment terms, which are generally 90 days or less) and as such are classified outside of accounts payable as debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. These obligations are generally due within one year and include VAT that was also financed under these arrangements. For purposes of our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, operating-related expenses financed by an intermediary are treated as constructive operating cash outflows and constructive financing cash inflows when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor as there is no actual cash outflow until we pay the financing intermediary. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the constructive cash outflow included in cash flows from operating activities and the corresponding constructive cash inflow included in cash flows from financing activities related to these operating expenses were $141.4 million and $133.7 million, respectively. Repayments of vendor financing obligations at the time we pay the financing intermediary are included in repayments and repurchases of debt and finance lease obligations in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

(h)Amounts include $425.5 million and $428.1 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, of liabilities related to Telenet’s acquisition of mobile spectrum licenses. Telenet will make annual payments for the license fees over the terms of the respective licenses.

(i)As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our debt had an estimated fair value of $14.1 billion and $12.6 billion, respectively. The estimated fair values of our debt instruments are generally determined using the average of applicable bid and ask prices (mostly Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy). For additional information regarding fair value hierarchies, see note 7.

General Information

At March 31, 2023, most of our outstanding debt had been incurred by one of our three subsidiary “borrowing groups.” References to these borrowing groups, which comprise UPC Holding, Telenet and VM Ireland, include their respective restricted parent and subsidiary entities. For information regarding the general terms and conditions of our debt and capitalized terms not defined herein, see note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 10-K. For information regarding certain financing transactions completed subsequent to March 31, 2023, see note 17.

Maturities of Debt

Maturities of our debt as of March 31, 2023 are presented below for the named entity and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise noted, and represent U.S. dollar equivalents based on March 31, 2023 exchange rates.

	UPC Holding (a)		Telenet		VM Ireland		Other (b)		Total
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	210.6	$	328.8	$	—	$	24.6	$	564.0
2024	54.3		71.4		—		15.4		141.1
2025	—		36.3		—		323.8		360.1
2026	—		38.0		—		1,044.8		1,082.8
2027	—		37.8		—		—		37.8
2028	1,152.3		3,919.8		—		—		5,072.1
Thereafter	4,929.8		1,592.7		978.3		—		7,500.8
Total debt maturities (c)	6,347.0		6,024.8		978.3		1,408.6		14,758.7
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(24.7)		(10.8)		(5.9)		(120.4)		(161.8)
Total debt	$	6,322.3	$	6,014.0	$	972.4	$	1,288.2	$	14,596.9
Current portion	$	264.9	$	375.3	$	—	$	29.3	$	669.5
Long-term portion	$	6,057.4	$	5,638.7	$	972.4	$	1,258.9	$	13,927.4

_______________

(a)Amounts include certain senior secured notes issued by special purpose financing entities that are consolidated by UPC Holding and Liberty Global.

(b)Includes $1,367.4 million related to the Vodafone Collar Loan, which has settlement dates in 2025 and 2026 consistent with the Vodafone Collar. We may elect to use cash or the collective value of the related shares and Vodafone Collar to settle amounts under the Vodafone Collar Loan.

(c)Amounts include vendor financing obligations of $655.3 million, as set forth below:

	UPC Holding		Telenet		Other		Total
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	210.6	$	309.1	$	24.6	$	544.3
2024	54.3		40.1		15.4		109.8
2025	—		—		1.2		1.2
Total vendor financing maturities	$	264.9	$	349.2	$	41.2	$	655.3
Current portion	$	264.9	$	349.2	$	29.3	$	643.4
Long-term portion	$	—	$	—	$	11.9	$	11.9

Vendor Financing Obligations

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our vendor financing obligations for the indicated periods is set forth below:

	2023		2022
	in millions
Balance at January 1	$	704.7	$	843.2
Operating-related vendor financing additions	141.4		133.7
Capital-related vendor financing additions	42.3		66.7
Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing	(143.5)		(208.4)
Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing	(104.5)		(35.9)
Foreign currency and other	14.9		(9.7)
Balance at March 31	$	655.3	$	789.6

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

General

We enter into operating and finance leases for network equipment, real estate, mobile site sharing and vehicles. We provide residual value guarantees on certain of our vehicle leases.

Lease Balances

A summary of our right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities is set forth below:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
ROU assets:
Finance leases (a)	$	373.0	$	377.6
Operating leases (b)	1,729.7		1,724.4
Total ROU assets	$	2,102.7	$	2,102.0
Lease liabilities:
Finance leases (c)	$	450.8	$	436.1
Operating leases (d)	1,788.8		1,791.1
Total lease liabilities	$	2,239.6	$	2,227.2

_______________

(a)Our finance lease ROU assets are included in property and equipment, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for finance leases was 21.5 years and the weighted average discount rate was 6.1%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our finance lease ROU assets of $7.3 million and $8.7 million, respectively.

(b)Our operating lease ROU assets are included in other assets, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 12.9 years and the weighted average discount rate was 5.7%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our operating lease ROU assets of $25.0 million and $51.2 million, respectively.

(c)The current and long-term portions of our finance lease liabilities are included within current portion of debt and finance lease obligations and long-term debt and finance lease obligations, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(d)The current portions of our operating lease liabilities are included within other accrued and current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

A summary of our aggregate lease expense is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Finance lease expense:
Depreciation and amortization	$	17.3	$	16.5
Interest expense	6.2		6.5
Total finance lease expense	23.5		23.0
Operating lease expense (a)	59.3		51.7
Short-term lease expense (a)	1.1		1.1
Variable lease expense (b)	0.4		1.1
Total lease expense	$	84.3	$	76.9

_______________

(a)Our operating lease expense and short-term lease expense are included in programming and other direct costs of services, other operating expenses, SG&A expenses and impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(b)Variable lease expense represents payments made to a lessor during the lease term that vary because of a change in circumstance that occurred after the lease commencement date. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and are included in other operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of our cash outflows from operating and finance leases is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	59.9	$	78.3
Operating cash outflows from finance leases (interest component)	6.2		6.5
Financing cash outflows from finance leases (principal component)	2.4		17.8
Total cash outflows from operating and finance leases	$	68.5	$	102.6

Maturities of our operating and finance lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 are presented below. Amounts represent U.S. dollar equivalents based on March 31, 2023 exchange rates:

	Operating leases		Finance leases
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	171.2	$	100.8
2024	223.6		69.8
2025	209.9		64.6
2026	197.0		58.5
2027	188.5		53.3
2028	184.1		45.8
Thereafter	1,393.6		190.6
Total payments	2,567.9		583.4
Less: present value discount	(779.1)		(132.6)
Present value of lease payments	$	1,788.8	$	450.8
Current portion	$	148.3	$	89.0
Long-term portion	$	1,640.5	$	361.8

Leases

Leases

General

We enter into operating and finance leases for network equipment, real estate, mobile site sharing and vehicles. We provide residual value guarantees on certain of our vehicle leases.

Lease Balances

A summary of our right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities is set forth below:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
ROU assets:
Finance leases (a)	$	373.0	$	377.6
Operating leases (b)	1,729.7		1,724.4
Total ROU assets	$	2,102.7	$	2,102.0
Lease liabilities:
Finance leases (c)	$	450.8	$	436.1
Operating leases (d)	1,788.8		1,791.1
Total lease liabilities	$	2,239.6	$	2,227.2

_______________

(a)Our finance lease ROU assets are included in property and equipment, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for finance leases was 21.5 years and the weighted average discount rate was 6.1%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our finance lease ROU assets of $7.3 million and $8.7 million, respectively.

(b)Our operating lease ROU assets are included in other assets, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 12.9 years and the weighted average discount rate was 5.7%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our operating lease ROU assets of $25.0 million and $51.2 million, respectively.

(c)The current and long-term portions of our finance lease liabilities are included within current portion of debt and finance lease obligations and long-term debt and finance lease obligations, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(d)The current portions of our operating lease liabilities are included within other accrued and current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

A summary of our aggregate lease expense is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Finance lease expense:
Depreciation and amortization	$	17.3	$	16.5
Interest expense	6.2		6.5
Total finance lease expense	23.5		23.0
Operating lease expense (a)	59.3		51.7
Short-term lease expense (a)	1.1		1.1
Variable lease expense (b)	0.4		1.1
Total lease expense	$	84.3	$	76.9

_______________

(a)Our operating lease expense and short-term lease expense are included in programming and other direct costs of services, other operating expenses, SG&A expenses and impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(b)Variable lease expense represents payments made to a lessor during the lease term that vary because of a change in circumstance that occurred after the lease commencement date. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and are included in other operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of our cash outflows from operating and finance leases is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	59.9	$	78.3
Operating cash outflows from finance leases (interest component)	6.2		6.5
Financing cash outflows from finance leases (principal component)	2.4		17.8
Total cash outflows from operating and finance leases	$	68.5	$	102.6

Maturities of our operating and finance lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 are presented below. Amounts represent U.S. dollar equivalents based on March 31, 2023 exchange rates:

	Operating leases		Finance leases
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	171.2	$	100.8
2024	223.6		69.8
2025	209.9		64.6
2026	197.0		58.5
2027	188.5		53.3
2028	184.1		45.8
Thereafter	1,393.6		190.6
Total payments	2,567.9		583.4
Less: present value discount	(779.1)		(132.6)
Present value of lease payments	$	1,788.8	$	450.8
Current portion	$	148.3	$	89.0
Long-term portion	$	1,640.5	$	361.8

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accrued Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income tax expense attributable to our earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes differs from the amounts computed using the applicable income tax rate as a result of the following factors:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Computed “expected” tax benefit (expense) (a)	$	164.7	$	(219.8)
Non-deductible or non-taxable foreign currency exchange results	(88.2)		128.2
Basis and other differences in the treatment of items associated with investments in subsidiaries and affiliates (b)	(76.6)		62.2
Non-deductible or non-taxable interest and other expenses	(26.1)		(32.2)
Valuation allowance	19.7		13.9
International rate differences (c)	(4.4)		(40.9)
Other, net	(1.6)		7.4
Total income tax expense	$	(12.5)	$	(81.2)

_______________

(a)The statutory or “expected” tax rates are the U.K. rates of 23.5% for the 2023 period and 19.0% for the 2022 period. The statutory rate for the 2023 period represents the blended rate in effect for the year ended December 31, 2023 based on the 19.0% statutory rate that was in effect for the first quarter of 2023 and the 25.0% statutory rate that is in effect from April 1, 2023.

(b)Amounts reflect the net impact of differences in the treatment of income and loss items between financial reporting and tax accounting related to investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, including the effects of foreign earnings.

(c)Amounts reflect adjustments (either a benefit or expense) to the “expected” tax benefit (expense) for statutory rates in jurisdictions in which we operate outside of the U.K.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in the U.S. Although this legislation does not increase the U.S. corporate income tax rate, it includes, among other provisions, a new corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) on “adjusted financial statement income” that is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. We do not currently anticipate the CAMT will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements although we will continue to monitor additional guidance as it is issued to assess the impact to our tax position. We will disregard our CAMT status when evaluating our deferred tax assets under the regular U.S. tax system.

As of March 31, 2023, our unrecognized tax benefits were $442.7 million, of which $345.4 million would have a favorable impact on our effective income tax rate if ultimately recognized, after considering amounts that we would expect to be offset by valuation allowances and other factors. During the next 12 months, we do not expect any material reductions to our unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions taken as of March 31, 2023. No assurance can be given as to the nature or impact of any changes in our unrecognized tax positions during the next 12 months.    

Certain of our subsidiaries are currently involved in income tax examinations in various jurisdictions in which we operate, including Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg and the U.S. While we do not expect adjustments from the foregoing examinations to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, no assurance can be given that this will be the case given the amounts involved and the complex nature of the related issues.

On October 7, 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice filed suit against Liberty Global, Inc. (LGI), a wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary of Liberty Global, in the U.S. District Court of Colorado for unpaid federal income taxes and penalties for the 2018 tax year of approximately $284 million. This action by the U.S. Department of Justice is related to the November 2020 complaint filed by LGI in the District Court of Colorado seeking a refund of approximately $110 million of taxes, penalties and interest associated with the application of certain temporary Treasury regulations issued in June 2019. No amounts have been accrued by LGI with respect to this matter. We will vigorously defend this matter and continue to actively pursue our claim for refund.

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Equity	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Equity	EquityShare Repurchases. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased (i) 430,000 shares of our Class A ordinary shares at an average price per share of $18.46 and (ii) 10,812,400 shares of our Class C ordinary shares at an average price per share of $21.17, for an aggregate purchase price of $236.8 million, including direct acquisition costs.As of March 31, 2023, the remaining number of our Class A and/or Class C ordinary shares that we are authorized to repurchase during 2023 was 34.7 million. Based on the average of the respective closing share prices as of March 31, 2023, this would equate to additional share repurchases during the remainder of 2023 of approximately $691.9 million. However, the actual U.S. dollar amount of our share repurchases during the remainder of 2023 will be determined by the actual transaction date share prices during the year and could differ significantly from this amount.

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Share-based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-based Compensation

Share-based Compensation

Our share-based compensation expense primarily relates to the share-based incentive awards issued by Liberty Global to its employees and employees of its subsidiaries. A summary of our aggregate share-based compensation expense is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Liberty Global:
Non-performance based incentive awards	$	29.2	$	33.0
Performance-based incentive awards (a)	—		7.1
Other (b)	6.8		9.0
Total Liberty Global	36.0		49.1
Other	7.8		2.3
Total	$	43.8	$	51.4
Included in:
Other operating expense	$	2.2	$	0.3
SG&A expense	41.6		51.1
Total	$	43.8	$	51.4

_______________

(a)The 2022 amount includes share-based compensation expense related to our 2019 Challenge Performance Awards.

(b)Represents annual incentive compensation and defined contribution plan liabilities that have been or are expected to be settled with Liberty Global ordinary shares. In the case of annual incentive compensation, shares have been or will be issued to senior management and key employees pursuant to a shareholding incentive program. The shareholding incentive program allows these employees to elect to receive up to 100% of their annual incentive compensation in ordinary shares of Liberty Global in lieu of cash.

The following table provides the aggregate number of options, share appreciation rights (SARs) and performance-based share appreciation rights (PSARs) with respect to awards issued by Liberty Global that were (i) outstanding and (ii) exercisable as of March 31, 2023:

	Class A			Class C
	Gross number of shares underlying option, SAR and PSAR awards (a)	Weighted average exercise or base price		Gross number of shares underlying option, SAR and PSAR awards (a)	Weighted average exercise or base price
Held by Liberty Global employees:
Outstanding	27,397,121	$	26.18	65,090,831	$	25.40
Exercisable	18,003,373	$	28.13	38,720,987	$	27.04
Held by former Liberty Global employees (b):
Outstanding	1,623,956	$	31.56	3,531,628	$	30.17
Exercisable	1,540,291	$	32.09	3,364,330	$	30.59

_______________

(a)Amounts represent the gross number of shares associated with option, SAR and PSAR awards issued to our current and former employees and our directors. Our company settles SARs and PSARs on a net basis when exercised by the award holder, whereby the number of shares issued represents the excess value of the award based on the market price of the respective Liberty Global shares at the time of exercise relative to the award’s exercise price. In addition, the number of shares issued is further reduced by the amount of the employee’s required income tax withholding.

(b)Amounts represent certain share-based awards that continue to be held by former employees of Liberty Global subsequent to certain split-off or disposal transactions. Although future exercises of these awards by former employees will not result in the recognition of share-based compensation expense, such exercises will increase the number of our outstanding ordinary shares.

The following table provides the aggregate number of restricted share units (RSUs) that were outstanding as of March 31, 2023. The number of shares to be issued on the vesting date of these awards will be reduced by the amount of the employee’s required income tax withholding.

	Class A	Class C
Held by Liberty Global employees	3,171,336	6,898,733
Held by former Liberty Global employees (a)	34,359	68,701

_______________

(a)Amounts represent certain share-based awards that continue to be held by former employees of Liberty Global subsequent to certain split-off or disposal transactions. The future vesting of these RSUs will increase the number of our outstanding ordinary shares.

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Earnings (Loss) per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic earnings or loss per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net earnings or loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect, if any, on a per share basis of potential shares from share-based incentive awards as if they had been exercised, vested or converted at the beginning of the periods presented. For additional information regarding our share-based incentive awards, see note 13.

The details of our basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (basic EPS computation)	454,394,944	520,320,152
Incremental shares attributable to the assumed exercise or release of outstanding share-based incentive awards upon vesting (treasury stock method)	—	12,364,920
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (diluted EPS computation)	454,394,944	532,685,072

We reported a loss from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Therefore, the potentially dilutive effect at March 31, 2023 excludes 111.1 million shares issuable pursuant to outstanding share-based incentive awards in the computation of diluted loss from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive to the computation.

The calculation of diluted EPS excludes aggregate share-based incentive awards of 56.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

The details of our net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	(713.5)	$	1,075.7
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	(7.9)		(72.0)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$	(721.4)	$	1,003.7

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In the normal course of business, we enter into agreements that commit our company to make cash payments in future periods with respect to network and connectivity commitments, purchases of CPE and other equipment and services, programming contracts and other items. The following table sets forth the U.S. dollar equivalents of such commitments as of March 31, 2023. The commitments included in this table do not reflect any liabilities that are included on our March 31, 2023 condensed consolidated balance sheet.

	Payments due during:
	Remainder of 2023
			2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
	in millions
Network and connectivity commitments	$	224.9	$	184.4	$	128.1	$	78.1	$	73.6	$	71.7	$	766.1	$	1,526.9
Purchase commitments	351.9		178.8		51.8		14.4		1.1		0.2		—		598.2
Programming commitments	141.4		145.8		104.6		42.5		20.1		—		—		454.4
Other commitments	98.3		154.3		160.6		123.8		28.6		26.7		91.5		683.8
Total	$	816.5	$	663.3	$	445.1	$	258.8	$	123.4	$	98.6	$	857.6	$	3,263.3

Network and connectivity commitments include (i) Telenet’s commitments for certain operating costs associated with its leased network and (ii) certain network capacity arrangements in Switzerland. Telenet’s commitments for certain operating costs are subject to adjustment based on changes in the network operating costs incurred by Telenet with respect to its own networks. These potential adjustments are not subject to reasonable estimation and, therefore, are not included in the above table.

Purchase commitments include unconditional and legally binding obligations related to (i) certain service-related commitments, including information technology, maintenance and call center services and (ii) the purchase of CPE, network and other equipment.

Programming commitments consist of obligations associated with certain of our programming, studio output and sports rights contracts that are enforceable and legally binding on us as we have agreed to pay minimum fees without regard to (i) the actual number of subscribers to the programming services, (ii) whether we terminate service to a portion of our subscribers or dispose of a portion of our distribution systems or (iii) whether we discontinue our premium sports services. Programming commitments do not include increases in future periods associated with contractual inflation or other price adjustments that are not fixed. Accordingly, the amounts reflected in the above table with respect to these contracts are significantly less than the amounts we expect to pay in these periods under these contracts. Historically, payments to programming vendors have represented a significant portion of our operating costs, and we expect this will continue to be the case in future periods. In this regard, our total programming and copyright costs aggregated $154.1 million and $145.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Other commitments include (i) our share of the funding commitment associated with the nexfibre JV and (ii) various sports sponsorships.

In addition to the commitments set forth in the table above, we have significant commitments under (i) derivative instruments and (ii) defined benefit plans and similar agreements, pursuant to which we expect to make payments in future periods. For information regarding our derivative instruments, including the net cash paid or received in connection with these instruments during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, see note 6.

We also have commitments pursuant to agreements with, and obligations imposed by, franchise authorities and municipalities, which may include obligations in certain markets to move aerial cable to underground ducts or to upgrade, rebuild or extend portions of our broadband communication systems. Such amounts are not included in the above table because they are not fixed or determinable.

Guarantees and Other Credit Enhancements

In the ordinary course of business, we may provide (i) indemnifications to our lenders, our vendors and certain other parties and (ii) performance and/or financial guarantees to local municipalities, our customers and vendors. Historically, these arrangements have not resulted in our company making any material payments and we do not believe that they will result in material payments in the future.

Legal and Regulatory Proceedings and Other Contingencies

Interkabel Acquisition. On November 26, 2007, Telenet and four associations of municipalities in Belgium, which we refer to as the pure intercommunales or the “PICs,” announced a non-binding agreement-in-principle to transfer the analog and digital television activities of the PICs, including all existing subscribers, to Telenet. Subsequently, Telenet and the PICs entered into a binding agreement (the 2008 PICs Agreement), which closed effective October 1, 2008. Beginning in December 2007, Proximus NV/SA (Proximus), the incumbent telecommunications operator in Belgium, instituted several proceedings seeking to block implementation of these agreements. Proximus lodged summary proceedings with the President of the Court of First Instance of Antwerp to obtain a provisional injunction preventing the PICs from effecting the agreement-in-principle and initiated a civil procedure on the merits claiming the annulment of the agreement-in-principle. In March 2008, the President of the Court of First Instance of Antwerp ruled in favor of Proximus in the summary proceedings, which ruling was overturned by the Court of Appeal of Antwerp in June 2008. Proximus brought an appeal judgment before the Belgian Supreme Court, which confirmed the appeal judgment in September 2010. On April 6, 2009, the Court of First Instance of Antwerp ruled in favor of the PICs and Telenet in the civil procedure on the merits, dismissing Proximus’ request for the rescission of the agreement-in-principle and the 2008 PICs Agreement. On June 12, 2009, Proximus appealed this judgment to the Court of Appeal of Antwerp. In this appeal, Proximus also sought compensation for damages. While these proceedings were suspended indefinitely, other proceedings were initiated, which resulted in a ruling by the Belgian Council of State in May 2014 annulling (i) the decision of the PICs not to organize a public market consultation and (ii) the decision from the PICs’ board of directors to approve the 2008 PICs Agreement. In December 2015, Proximus resumed the civil proceedings pending with the Court of Appeal of Antwerp seeking to have the 2008 PICs Agreement annulled and claiming damages of €1.4 billion ($1.5 billion). On December 18, 2017, the Court of Appeal of Antwerp rejected Proximus’ claim in its entirety. On June 28, 2019, Proximus brought this appeal judgment before the Belgian Supreme Court. On January 22, 2021, the Belgian Supreme Court partially annulled the judgment of the Court of Appeal of Antwerp. The case was referred to the Court of Appeal of Brussels and is currently pending with this Court which will need to make a new decision on the matter within the boundaries of the annulment by the Belgian Supreme Court. It is likely that it will take the Court of Appeal of Brussels several years to decide on the matter.

No assurance can be given as to the outcome of these or other proceedings. However, an unfavorable outcome of existing or future proceedings could potentially lead to the annulment of the 2008 PICs Agreement. We do not expect the ultimate resolution of this matter to have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial position. No amounts have been accrued by us with respect to this matter as the likelihood of loss is not considered to be probable.

Telekom Deutschland Litigation. On December 28, 2012, Unitymedia filed a lawsuit against Telekom Deutschland GmbH (Telekom Deutschland) in which Unitymedia asserted that it pays excessive prices for the co-use of Telekom Deutschland’s cable ducts in Unitymedia’s footprint. The Federal Network Agency approved rates for the co-use of certain ducts of Telekom Deutschland in March 2011. Based in part on these approved rates, Unitymedia sought a reduction of the annual lease fees by approximately five-sixths. In addition, Unitymedia sought the return of similarly calculated overpayments from 2009 through the ultimate settlement date, plus accrued interest. In October 2016, the first instance court dismissed this action, and in March 2018, the court of appeal dismissed Unitymedia’s appeal of the first instance court’s decision. Unitymedia has since successfully appealed the case to the Federal Court of Justice, and proceedings continue before the German courts. The resolution of this matter may take several years and no assurance can be given that Unitymedia’s claims will be successful. In connection with our sale of our former operations in Germany, Romania, Hungary and the Czech Republic to Vodafone (the Vodafone Disposal Group) in 2019, we will only share in 50% of any amounts recovered, plus 50% of the net present value of

certain cost savings in future periods that are attributable to the favorable resolution of this matter, less 50% of associated legal or other third-party fees paid post-completion of the sale of the Vodafone Disposal Group. Any amount we may recover related to this matter will not be reflected in our consolidated financial statements until such time as the final disposition of this matter has been reached.

Belgium Regulatory Developments. In June 2018, the Belgisch Instituut voor Post en Telecommunicatie and the regional regulators for the media sectors (together, the Belgium Regulatory Authorities) adopted a new decision finding that Telenet has significant market power in the wholesale broadband market (the 2018 Decision). The 2018 Decision imposes on Telenet the obligations to (i) provide third-party operators with access to the digital television platform (including basic digital video and analog video) and (ii) make available to third-party operators a bitstream offer of broadband internet access (including fixed-line telephony as an option). On May 26, 2020, the Belgium Regulatory Authorities adopted a final decision regarding the “reasonable access tariffs” (the 2020 Decision) that became effective on July 1, 2020. Telenet appealed the 2018 Decision, which was rejected by the Brussels Court of Appeal on September 4, 2019.

The 2020 Decision aims to, and in its application may, strengthen Telenet’s competitors by granting them resale access to Telenet’s network to offer competing products and services notwithstanding Telenet’s substantial historical financial outlays in developing the infrastructure. In addition, any resale access granted to competitors could (i) limit the bandwidth available to Telenet to provide new or expanded products and services to the customers served by its network and (ii) adversely impact Telenet’s ability to maintain or increase its revenue and cash flows. The extent of any such adverse impacts ultimately will be dependent on the extent that competitors take advantage of the resale access afforded to Telenet’s network, the rates that Telenet receives for such access and other competitive factors or market developments.

Swisscom MVNO Matter. On December 8, 2017, one of our subsidiaries, UPC Schweiz GmbH, entered into a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) agreement with Swisscom (Schweiz) AG (Swisscom), as subsequently amended (the Swisscom MVNO), for the provision of mobile network services to certain of Sunrise’s end customers. In January 2023, Swisscom filed a formal lawsuit against UPC Schweiz GmbH, asserting that it is in breach of the Swisscom MVNO and claiming approximately CHF 90 million ($98 million) in damages. No amounts have been accrued by us with respect to this matter, as the likelihood of loss is not considered to be probable at this stage. We believe the assertions in this claim are unsupported and/or exaggerated and intend to vigorously defend this matter.

Other Contingency Matters. In connection with the dispositions of certain of our operations, we provided tax indemnities to the counterparties for certain tax liabilities that could arise from the period we owned the respective operations, subject to certain thresholds. While we have not received notification from the counterparties for indemnification, it is reasonably possible that we could, and the amounts involved could be significant. No amounts have been accrued by our company as the likelihood of any loss is not considered to be probable. Further, Liberty Global may be entitled to certain amounts that our disposed operations may recover from taxing authorities. Any such amounts will not be reflected in our consolidated financial statements until such time as the final disposition of such matters has been reached.

Other Regulatory Matters. Broadband internet, video distribution, fixed-line telephony, mobile and content businesses are regulated in each of the countries in which we or our affiliates operate. The scope of regulation varies from country to country, although in some significant respects regulation in European markets is harmonized under the regulatory structure of the European Union (E.U.). Adverse regulatory developments could subject our businesses to a number of risks. Regulation, including conditions imposed on us by competition or other authorities as a requirement to close acquisitions or dispositions, could limit growth, revenue and the number and types of services offered and could lead to increased operating costs and property and equipment additions. Regulation may also restrict our operations and subject them to further competitive pressure, including pricing restrictions, interconnect and other access obligations, and restrictions or controls on content, including content provided by third parties. Failure to comply with current or future regulation could expose our businesses to various penalties.

In addition to the foregoing items, we have contingent liabilities related to matters arising in the ordinary course of business including (i) legal proceedings, (ii) issues involving VAT and wage, property, withholding and other tax issues and (iii) disputes over interconnection, programming, copyright and channel carriage fees. While we generally expect that the amounts required to satisfy these contingencies will not materially differ from any estimated amounts we have accrued, no assurance can be given that the resolution of one or more of these contingencies will not result in a material impact on our results of

operations, cash flows or financial position in any given period. Due, in general, to the complexity of the issues involved and, in certain cases, the lack of a clear basis for predicting outcomes, we cannot provide a meaningful range of potential losses or cash outflows that might result from any unfavorable outcomes.

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Segment Reporting

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting, Measurement Disclosures [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

We generally identify our reportable segments as (i) those consolidated subsidiaries that represent 10% or more of our revenue, Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) or total assets or (ii) those equity method affiliates where our investment or share of revenue or Adjusted EBITDA represents 10% or more of our total assets, revenue or Adjusted EBITDA, respectively. In certain cases, we may elect to include an operating segment in our segment disclosure that does not meet the above-described criteria for a reportable segment. We evaluate performance and make decisions about allocating resources to our operating segments based on financial measures such as revenue and Adjusted EBITDA. In addition, we review non-financial measures such as customer growth, as appropriate.

Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment operating performance and is also a key factor that is used by our internal decision makers to (i) determine how to allocate resources to segments and (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of our management for purposes of annual and other incentive compensation plans. As we use the term, “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as earnings (loss) from continuing operations before net income tax benefit (expense), other non-operating income or expenses, net share of results of affiliates, net gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net foreign currency gains (losses), net gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net interest expense, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, provisions and provision releases related to significant litigation and impairment, restructuring and other operating items. Other operating items include (a) gains and losses on the disposition of long-lived assets, (b) third-party costs directly associated with successful and unsuccessful acquisitions and dispositions, including legal, advisory and due diligence fees, as applicable, and (c) other acquisition-related items, such as gains and losses on the settlement of contingent consideration. Our internal decision makers believe Adjusted EBITDA is a meaningful measure because it represents a transparent view of our recurring operating performance that is unaffected by our capital structure and allows management to (1) readily view operating trends, (2) perform analytical comparisons and benchmarking between segments and (3) identify strategies to improve operating performance in the different countries in which we operate. A reconciliation of earnings or loss from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA is presented below.

As of March 31, 2023, our reportable segments are as follows:

Consolidated:

•Switzerland

•Belgium

•Ireland

Nonconsolidated:

•VMO2 JV

•VodafoneZiggo JV

All of our reportable segments derive their revenue primarily from residential and B2B communications services, including broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and mobile services.

Our “Central and Other” category primarily includes (i) our operations in Slovakia, (ii) services provided to the VMO2 JV, the VodafoneZiggo JV and various third parties related to transitional service agreements, (iii) sales of CPE to the VodafoneZiggo JV and (iv) certain centralized functions, including billing systems, network operations, technology, marketing, facilities, finance and other administrative functions.

We present only the reportable segments of our continuing operations in the tables below.

During the first quarter of 2023, we changed the terms related to, and approach to how we reflect the allocation of, charges for certain products and services that our centrally-managed technology and innovation function (our T&I Function) provide to our consolidated reportable segments (the Tech Framework). These products and services include CPE hardware and related essential software, maintenance, hosting and other services. As a result, our consolidated reportable segments now capitalize the combined cost of the CPE hardware and essential software as property and equipment additions. The other services, including maintenance and hosting, continue to be reported as operating costs in the period incurred (included in our Adjusted EBITDA). The corresponding amounts charged by our T&I Function are reflected as revenue when earned. The new Tech Framework is a result of internal changes with respect to the way in which our chief operating decision maker evaluates the revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and property and equipment additions of our consolidated reportable segments. Segment information has been revised, as applicable, to reflect these changes. The following table provides a summary of the impact on the revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and property and equipment additions of our consolidated reportable segments and Central and Other.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Increase (decrease) to revenue (a):
Central and Other	$	57.4	$	60.0
Intersegment eliminations	(57.4)		(60.0)
Total	$	—	$	—
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA (b):
Switzerland	$	(15.7)	$	(10.4)
Belgium	(2.2)		(2.3)
Ireland	(5.9)		(3.8)
Central and Other	38.8		32.2
Intersegment eliminations	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total	$	—	$	—
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions (c):
Switzerland	$	5.5	$	5.8
Belgium	6.9		7.2
Ireland	2.6		2.7
Central and Other	—		—
Intersegment eliminations	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total	$	—	$	—

_______________

(a)Amounts reflect the revenue recognized within our T&I Function, as well as any applicable markup, related to the Tech Framework.

(b)Amounts reflect the charge to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the service and maintenance component of the Tech Framework and, additionally for Central and Other, the Adjusted EBITDA impact of the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

(c)Amounts reflect the charge to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

Performance Measures of Our Reportable Segments

The amounts presented below represent 100% of each of our reportable segment’s revenue and Adjusted EBITDA. As we have the ability to control Telenet, we consolidate 100% of Telenet’s revenue and expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations despite the fact that third parties own a significant interest. The noncontrolling owners’ interests in the operating results of Telenet and other less significant majority-owned subsidiaries are reflected in net earnings or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Similarly, despite only holding a 50% noncontrolling interest in both the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV, we present 100% of the revenue and Adjusted EBITDA of those entities in the tables below. Our share of the operating results of the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV is included in share of results of affiliates, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

	Revenue
	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	807.4	$	821.4
Belgium	754.5		724.4
Ireland	123.0		127.8
Central and Other	244.5		241.4
Intersegment eliminations (b)	(61.0)		(61.7)
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3
VMO2 JV	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Amounts primarily relate to (i) the revenue recognized within our T&I Function related to the Tech Framework and (ii) for the three months ended March 31, 2022, transactions between our continuing and discontinued operations.

	Adjusted EBITDA
	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	263.0	$	290.8
Belgium	302.9		338.1
Ireland	41.5		47.1
Central and Other	32.1		24.8
Intersegment eliminations (b)	(15.0)		(16.5)
Total	$	624.5	$	684.3
VMO2 JV	$	1,025.9	$	1,395.3
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	471.5	$	537.8

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Amounts relate to (i) the Adjusted EBITDA impact to Central and Other of the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup, and (ii) for three months ended March 31, 2022, transactions between our continuing and discontinued operations.

The following table provides a reconciliation of earnings (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	(713.5)	$	1,075.7
Income tax expense	12.5		81.2
Other income, net	(43.9)		(11.9)
Share of results of affiliates, net	238.6		(230.5)
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	5.5		93.4
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	302.9		(575.0)
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivative instruments, net	34.4		(508.3)
Interest expense	200.9		134.2
Operating income	37.4		58.8
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net	16.4		9.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9		564.7
Share-based compensation expense	43.8		51.4
Adjusted EBITDA	$	624.5	$	684.3

Property and Equipment Additions of our Reportable Segments

The property and equipment additions of our reportable segments (including capital additions financed under capital-related vendor financing or finance lease arrangements) are presented below and reconciled to the capital expenditure amounts included in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. For additional information concerning capital additions financed under vendor financing and finance lease arrangements, see notes 8 and 10, respectively.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	149.0	$	149.3
Belgium	173.0		158.5
Ireland	33.1		29.2
Central and Other (b)	49.8		60.6
Intercompany eliminations (c)	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total property and equipment additions	389.9		381.9
Assets acquired under capital-related vendor financing arrangements	(42.3)		(66.7)
Assets acquired under finance leases	(7.3)		(8.7)
Changes in current liabilities related to capital expenditures	36.9		66.3
Total capital expenditures, net	$	377.2	$	372.8
Property and equipment additions:
VMO2 JV	$	590.6	$	659.3
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	250.4	$	220.4

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Includes (i) property and equipment additions representing centrally-owned assets that benefit our operating segments, (ii) the net impact of certain centrally-procured network equipment that is ultimately transferred to our operating segments and (iii) property and equipment additions of our operations in Slovakia.

(c)Amounts reflect the charge under the Tech Framework to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

Revenue by Major Category

Our revenue by major category for our consolidated reportable segments is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Residential revenue:
Residential fixed revenue (a):
Subscription revenue (b):
Broadband internet	$	359.5	$	360.2
Video	273.2		286.5
Fixed-line telephony	92.1		103.9
Total subscription revenue	724.8		750.6
Non-subscription revenue	7.3		11.9
Total residential fixed revenue	732.1		762.5
Residential mobile revenue (c):
Subscription revenue (b)	356.4		353.2
Non-subscription revenue	133.9		145.3
Total residential mobile revenue	490.3		498.5
Total residential revenue	1,222.4		1,261.0
B2B revenue (d):
Subscription revenue	133.4		132.9
Non-subscription revenue	223.8		221.4
Total B2B revenue	357.2		354.3
Other revenue (e)	288.8		238.0
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3

_______________

(a)Residential fixed subscription revenue includes amounts received from subscribers for ongoing services and the recognition of deferred installation revenue over the associated contract period. Residential fixed non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, channel carriage fees, late fees and revenue from the sale of equipment.

(b)Residential subscription revenue from subscribers who purchase bundled services at a discounted rate is generally allocated proportionally to each service based on the standalone price for each individual service. As a result, changes in the standalone pricing of our fixed and mobile products or the composition of bundles can contribute to changes in our product revenue categories from period to period.

(c)Residential mobile subscription revenue includes amounts received from subscribers for ongoing services. Residential mobile non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, interconnect revenue and revenue from sales of mobile handsets and other devices.

(d)B2B subscription revenue represents revenue from (i) services provided to small or home office (SOHO) subscribers and (ii) mobile services provided to medium and large enterprises. SOHO subscribers pay a premium price to receive expanded service levels along with broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony or mobile services that are the same or similar to the mass marketed products offered to our residential subscribers. B2B non-subscription revenue includes (a) revenue from business broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and data services offered to medium and large

enterprises and, fixed-line and mobile services on a wholesale basis, to other operators and (b) revenue from long-term leases of portions of our network.

(e)Other revenue includes, among other items, (i) broadcasting revenue in Belgium, Ireland and Switzerland, (ii) revenue earned from the U.K. JV Services and NL JV Services, (iii) revenue earned from transitional and other services provided to various third parties and (iv) revenue earned from the sale of CPE to the VodafoneZiggo JV.

Geographic Segments

The revenue of our geographic segments is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Switzerland	$	807.4	$	821.4
Belgium	716.6		724.4
Ireland	123.0		127.8
Slovakia	13.3		12.9
Other, including intersegment eliminations (a)	208.1		166.8
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3
VMO2 JV (U.K.)	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
VodafoneZiggo JV (Netherlands)	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0

______________

(a)Revenue from our other geographic segments relates to (i) our Central functions, most of which is located in the Netherlands and the U.K., and (ii) certain other operations at Telenet, primarily in the U.S. and Luxembourg.

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Subsequent Event

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Event

Subsequent Event

On March 21, 2023, we announced that, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Liberty Global Belgium Holding B.V. (LGBH), we intend to launch a voluntary and conditional public takeover bid for all the shares of Telenet that we do not already own or that are not held by Telenet.

On April 11, 2023, LGBH entered into a facility agreement (the Facility Agreement) under which the lenders have agreed to provide a €1.0 billion ($1.1 billion) term loan facility (Facility B) to LGBH which can be drawn to (i) finance the voluntary and conditional public takeover bid for all of the shares of Telenet that it does not already own or that are not held by Telenet or any other acquisition of shares in Telenet including pursuant to any squeeze-out procedure or otherwise, (ii) pay any related fees, costs, expenses and taxes (or similar duties or charges) and (iii) repay the principal amount of any subordinated shareholder debt or other equity funding to the extent used to finance the acquisition of shares in Telenet.

Under the terms of the Facility Agreement, the final maturity date for Facility B will be the date falling on the third anniversary of the earlier of (i) the first drawdown under Facility B (the Closing Date) and (ii) the date falling nine months after the date of the Facility Agreement. Facility B will bear interest at a rate of EURIBOR plus (a) 4.00% per annum for the first year from the Closing Date, (b) 4.50% per annum for the second year from the Closing Date and (c) 5.25% per annum for the third year from the Closing Date, in each case subject to a EURIBOR floor of 0%.

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Accounting Changes (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

Accounting Changes

ASU 2022-04

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (ASU 2022-04), which requires additional disclosures for buyers participating in supplier financing programs, which we refer to as vendor financing, including (i) the key terms of the arrangement, (ii) the confirmed amount outstanding at the end of the period, (iii) the balance sheet presentation of related amounts and (iv) a reconciliation of the balances from period to period. We adopted ASU 2022-04 on January 1, 2023, and such adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. For additional information regarding our vendor financing obligations, see note 9.

ASU 2021-08

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08), which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. We adopted ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2023. The main impact of the adoption of ASU 2021-08 is the recognition of contract assets and contract liabilities in business combinations at amounts generally consistent with the carrying value of such assets and liabilities of the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date.

ASU 2020-04

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04), which provides, for a limited time, optional expedients and exceptions for certain contract modifications that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. In December 2022, the FASB deferred the expiration date of ASU 2020-04 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. In accordance with the optional expedients in ASU 2020-04, we have modified certain debt agreements to replace LIBOR with another reference rate and applied the practical expedient to account for the modification as a continuation of the existing contract, and we expect to modify certain additional debt agreements in the future. The use of optional expedients in ASU 2020-04 has not had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements to date. For additional information regarding our debt, see note 9.

Revenue Recognition and Related Costs

Contract Balances

The timing of our recognition of revenue may differ from the timing of invoicing our customers. We record a trade receivable when we have transferred goods or services to a customer but have not yet received payment. Our trade receivables are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Such allowance aggregated $47.1 million and $43.1 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

If we transfer goods or services to a customer but do not have an unconditional right to payment, we record a contract asset. Contract assets typically arise from the uniform recognition of introductory promotional discounts over the contract period and accrued revenue for handset sales. Our contract assets were $35.5 million and $33.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our contract asset balances are included within other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We record deferred revenue when we receive payment prior to transferring goods or services to a customer. We primarily defer revenue for (i) installation and other upfront services and (ii) other services that are invoiced prior to when services are provided. Our deferred revenue balances were $352.4 million and $272.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is primarily due to the net effect of (a) the impact of additions during the period and (b) the recognition of $148.9 million of revenue that was included in our deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2022. The long-term portions of our deferred revenue balances are included within other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Costs

Our aggregate assets associated with incremental costs to obtain and fulfill our contracts were $72.8 million and $69.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our assets related to contract costs are included within other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We amortized $3.1 million and $4.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to operating costs and expenses related to these assets.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

A large portion of our revenue is derived from customers who are not subject to contracts. Revenue from customers who are subject to contracts is generally recognized over the term of such contracts, which is typically 12 months for our residential service contracts, one to three years for our mobile service contracts and one to five years for our B2B service contracts.

Leases

GeneralWe enter into operating and finance leases for network equipment, real estate, mobile site sharing and vehicles. We provide residual value guarantees on certain of our vehicle leases.

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Acquisitions and Dispositions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Acquisitions and Dispositions [Abstract]

Classes of Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

The operating results of UPC Poland for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are summarized in the following table (in millions). These amounts exclude intercompany revenue and expenses that are eliminated within our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue	$	109.5
Operating income	$	45.0
Earnings before income taxes	$	43.9
Income tax expense	(9.3)
Net earnings attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$	34.6

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Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of Investments by Accounting Method

The details of our investments are set forth below:

Accounting Method	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Ownership (a)
	in millions				%
Equity (b):
Long-term:
VMO2 JV	$	9,612.3	$	9,790.9	50.0
VodafoneZiggo JV (c)	2,330.7		2,345.8		50.0
AtlasEdge JV	232.3		122.2		47.9
All3Media Ltd. (All3Media)	144.5		143.9		50.0
Formula E Holdings Ltd	88.8		87.3		35.9
nexfibre JV	44.7		—		25.0
Other	124.0		187.0
Total — equity	12,577.3		12,677.1
Fair value:
Short-term:
Separately-managed accounts (SMAs) (d)	2,187.9		2,621.6
Long-term:
Vodafone - subject to re-use rights (e)	1,472.1		—		4.9
ITV plc (ITV)	407.5		362.4		9.9
Televisa Univision, Inc.	385.5		385.5		6.3
Lacework, Inc. (Lacework)	221.4		242.8		3.3
SMAs (d)	222.1		233.0
EdgeConneX, Inc. (EdgeConneX)	198.6		183.8		5.2
Plume Design, Inc. (Plume) (f)	228.7		246.2		11.5
Pax8, Inc.	99.0		99.0		5.9
Aviatrix Systems, Inc.	78.2		78.2		3.8
CANAL+ Polska S.A.	73.1		66.1		17.0
Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. (Lionsgate)	70.8		36.7		2.9
Other	350.4		337.7
Total — fair value	5,995.3		4,893.0
Total investments (g)	$	18,572.6	$	17,570.1
Short-term investments	$	2,187.9	$	2,621.6
Long-term investments	$	16,384.7	$	14,948.5

_______________

(a)Our ownership percentages are determined based on our legal ownership as of the most recent balance sheet date or are estimated based on the number of shares we own and the most recent publicly-available information.

(b)Our equity method investments are originally recorded at cost and are adjusted to recognize our share of net earnings or losses of the affiliates as they occur rather than as dividend distributions are received, with our recognition of losses generally limited to the extent of our investment in, and loans and commitments to, the investee. Accordingly, the carrying values of our equity method investments may not equal the respective fair values. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate carrying amounts of our equity method investments exceeded our proportionate share of the respective investee’s net assets by $1,206.0 million and $1,196.8 million, respectively, which primarily includes

amounts associated with the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables, as defined below, and amounts we are owed under a long-term note receivable from All3Media.

(c)Amounts include certain notes receivable due from a subsidiary of the VodafoneZiggo JV to a subsidiary of Liberty Global comprising (i) a euro-denominated note receivable with a principal amount of $760.9 million and $749.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, (the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable I) and (ii) a euro-denominated note receivable with a principal amount of $226.0 million and $222.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, (the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable II and, together with the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable I, the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables). The VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables bear interest at 5.55% and have a final maturity date of December 31, 2030. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, interest accrued on the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables was $13.5 million, all of which has been cash settled.

(d)Represents investments held under SMAs, which are maintained by investment managers acting as agents on our behalf. We classify, measure and report these investments, the composition of which may change from time to time, based on the underlying nature and characteristics of each security held under the SMAs. As of March 31, 2023, all of our investments held under SMAs were classified as available-for-sale debt securities. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, interest accrued on our debt securities, which is included in other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, was $24.0 million and $18.5 million, respectively.

(e)During the first quarter of 2023, we acquired 1,335 million shares of Vodafone at an average purchase price of £0.9195 ($1.1151 at the applicable rate) per share. The aggregate purchase price of £1,227.6 million ($1,488.7 million at the applicable rate) was funded with $269.2 million of cash on hand, net of a $0.3 million collar premium, and the remainder through a collar transaction (the Vodafone Collar Transaction). The Vodafone Collar Transaction includes a collar on the full amount of our Vodafone shares (the Vodafone Collar) and a loan (the Vodafone Collar Loan) collateralized by the Vodafone shares. Under the terms of the Vodafone Collar, the counterparty has the right to re-use pledged Vodafone shares. At March 31, 2023, after consideration of the Vodafone Collar Transaction, the net fair value of our investment in Vodafone is $249.2 million. For additional information regarding the Vodafone Collar Transaction, including a description of the related re-use rights and the impact on the dividends we receive on our Vodafone shares, see note 6.

(f)Our investment in Plume includes warrants with a fair value of $85.2 million and $92.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(g)The purchase and sale of investments are presented on a gross basis in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, including amounts associated with SMAs.

Equity Method Investments

The following table sets forth the details of our share of results of affiliates, net:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
VMO2 JV (a)	$	(178.5)	$	187.1
VodafoneZiggo JV (b)	(35.7)		48.6
AtlasEdge JV	(10.1)		(3.0)
nexfibre JV	(8.6)		—
Other, net	(5.7)		(2.2)
Total	$	(238.6)	$	230.5

_______________

(a)Represents (i) our 50% share of the results of operations of the VMO2 JV and (ii) 100% of the share-based compensation expense associated with Liberty Global awards granted to VMO2 JV employees who were formerly employees of Liberty Global prior to the VMO2 JV formation, as these awards remain our responsibility.

(b)Represents (i) our 50% share of the results of operations of the VodafoneZiggo JV and (ii) 100% of the interest income earned on the VodafoneZiggo JV Receivables.

The summarized results of operations of the VMO2 JV are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Revenue	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	$	(454.0)	$	378.6
Net earnings (loss)	$	(352.1)	$	318.1

The summarized results of operations of the VodafoneZiggo JV are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Revenue	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	$	(108.9)	$	127.0
Net earnings (loss)	$	(88.1)	$	72.3

Schedule of Debt Securities

The following table sets forth the details of our realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair value, net:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
ITV	$	45.1	$	(167.4)
Vodafone	(37.4)		—
Lionsgate	34.1		(2.5)
Lacework	(21.4)		—
Plume	(17.5)		0.2
SMAs	(14.5)		(8.9)
EdgeConneX	11.9		13.5
Other, net	(5.8)		71.7
Total	$	(5.5)	$	(93.4)

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of our SMAs were composed of debt securities, which are summarized in the following tables:

	March 31, 2023
	Amortized cost basis		Accumulated unrealized loss		Fair value
	in millions
Commercial paper	$	831.4	$	0.1	$	831.5
Government bonds	596.1		(1.6)		594.5
Certificates of deposit	481.6		(0.3)		481.3
Corporate debt securities	316.0		(3.0)		313.0
Other debt securities	189.7		—		189.7
Total debt securities	$	2,414.8	$	(4.8)	$	2,410.0

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized cost basis		Accumulated unrealized loss		Fair value
	in millions
Commercial paper	$	881.1	$	2.1	$	883.2
Government bonds	697.0		(1.4)		695.6
Certificates of deposit	520.5		(0.6)		519.9
Corporate debt securities	405.3		(4.8)		400.5
Other debt securities	355.0		0.4		355.4
Total debt securities	$	2,858.9	$	(4.3)	$	2,854.6

The fair values of our debt securities as of March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity are shown below (in millions):

Due in one year or less	$	2,187.9
Due in one to five years	221.0
Due in five to ten years	1.1
Total (a)	$	2,410.0

_______________

(a)The weighted average life of our total debt securities was 0.4 years as of March 31, 2023.

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Derivative Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Values of Derivative Instrument Assets and Liabilities

The following table provides details of the fair values of our derivative instrument assets and liabilities:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Current		Long-term		Total		Current		Long-term		Total
	in millions
Assets (a):
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)	$	472.3	$	827.1	$	1,299.4	$	381.4	$	1,087.6	$	1,469.0
Equity-related derivative instruments (c)	—		121.3		121.3		—		—		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	2.0		—		2.0		1.0		—		1.0
Other	0.2		—		0.2		0.3		—		0.3
Total	$	474.5	$	948.4	$	1,422.9	$	382.7	$	1,087.6	$	1,470.3
Liabilities (a):
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)	$	187.3	$	434.7	$	622.0	$	286.5	$	449.0	$	735.5
Equity-related derivative instruments (c)	88.8		—		88.8		—		—		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	6.0		1.0		7.0		10.3		1.3		11.6
Total	$	282.1	$	435.7	$	717.8	$	296.8	$	450.3	$	747.1

_______________ 

(a)Our long-term derivative assets and long-term derivative liabilities are included in other assets, net, and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(b)We consider credit risk relating to our and our counterparties’ nonperformance in the fair value assessment of our derivative instruments. In all cases, the adjustments take into account offsetting liability or asset positions within each of our subsidiary borrowing groups (as defined and described in note 9). The changes in the credit risk valuation adjustments associated with our cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts resulted in a net gain (loss) of ($21.4 million) and $4.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts are included in realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For further information regarding our fair value measurements, see note 7.

(c)Our equity-related derivative instruments include the Vodafone Collar. The fair value of the Vodafone Collar does not include credit risk valuation adjustments as we assume that any losses incurred by our company in the event of nonperformance by the respective counterparty would be, subject to relevant insolvency laws, fully offset against amounts we owe to such counterparty pursuant to the related secured borrowing arrangements.

Schedule Of Realized And Unrealized Gains On Derivative Instruments

The details of our realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	(66.9)	$	472.3
Equity-related derivative instruments	31.7		—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	0.8		36.4
Other	—		(0.4)
Total	$	(34.4)	$	508.3

Schedule Of Cash Received Paid Related To Derivative Instruments Statement Of Cash Flows Location

The following table sets forth the classification of the net cash outflows of our derivative instruments:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Operating activities	$	56.0	$	(43.2)
Investing activities	—		4.6
Financing activities	(62.1)		(9.0)
Total	$	(6.1)	$	(47.6)

Schedule of Derivative Instruments

The following table sets forth the total notional amounts and the related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our cross-currency swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Notional amount due from counterparty		Notional amount due to counterparty			Weighted average remaining life
	in millions					in years
UPC Holding	$	250.0	€	220.6		2.5
	$	4,475.0	CHF	4,098.2	(a)	5.2
	€	1,952.6	CHF	2,176.5		4.0
Telenet	$	3,940.0	€	3,489.6	(a)	3.8
	€	45.2	$	50.0	(b)	1.8

_______________ 

(a)Includes certain derivative instruments that are “forward-starting,” such that the initial exchange occurs at a date subsequent to March 31, 2023. These instruments are typically entered into in order to extend existing hedges without the need to amend existing contracts.

(b)Includes certain derivative instruments that do not involve the exchange of notional amounts at the inception and maturity of the instruments. Accordingly, the only cash flows associated with these derivative instruments are coupon-related payments and receipts.

The following table sets forth the total U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amounts and the related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our interest rate swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Pays fixed rate				Receives fixed rate
	Notional amount			Weighted average remaining life	Notional amount		Weighted average remaining life
	in millions			in years	in millions		in years
UPC Holding	$	3,372.6	(a)	3.3	$	3,266.6	3.4
Telenet	$	3,080.1	(a)	2.2	$	1,415.2	0.6

_______________ 

(a)Includes forward-starting derivative instruments.

The following table sets forth the total U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amounts and related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our basis swap contracts at March 31, 2023:

	Notional amount due from counterparty		Weighted average remaining life
	in millions		in years
UPC Holding	$	3,605.0	0.5
Telenet	$	3,501.5	0.5
VM Ireland	$	978.3	0.8

The impact of the derivative instruments that mitigate our foreign currency and interest rate risk, as described above, on our borrowing costs is as follows:

	Decrease to borrowing costs at March 31, 2023 (a)
UPC Holding	(3.14)	%
Telenet	(2.72)	%
VM Ireland	(2.58)	%
Total decrease to borrowing costs	(2.93)	%

_______________  

(a)Represents the effect of derivative instruments in effect at March 31, 2023 and does not include forward-starting derivative instruments.

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

A summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows:

			Fair value measurements at March 31, 2023 using:
Description	March 31, 2023		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	in millions
Assets:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	1,299.4	$	—	$	1,299.4	$	—
Equity-related derivative instruments	121.3		—		—		121.3
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	2.0		—		2.0		—
Other	0.2		—		0.2		—
Total derivative instruments	1,422.9		—		1,301.6		121.3
Investments:
SMAs	2,410.0		695.7		1,714.3		—
Other investments	3,585.3		1,950.6		0.1		1,634.6
Total investments	5,995.3		2,646.3		1,714.4		1,634.6
Total assets	$	7,418.2	$	2,646.3	$	3,016.0	$	1,755.9
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	622.0	$	—	$	622.0	$	—
Equity-related derivative instruments	88.8		—		—		88.8
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	7.0		—		7.0		—
Total liabilities	$	717.8	$	—	$	629.0	$	88.8

			Fair value measurements at  December 31, 2022 using:
Description	December 31, 2022		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	in millions
Assets:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	1,469.0	$	—	$	1,469.0	$	—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	1.0		—		1.0		—
Other	0.3		—		0.3		—
Total derivative instruments	1,470.3		—		1,470.3		—
Investments:
SMAs	2,854.6		943.2		1,911.4		—
Other investments	2,038.4		399.3		0.1		1,639.0
Total investments	4,893.0		1,342.5		1,911.5		1,639.0
Total assets	$	6,363.3	$	1,342.5	$	3,381.8	$	1,639.0
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments:
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts	$	735.5	$	—	$	735.5	$	—
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	11.6		—		11.6		—
Total liabilities	$	747.1	$	—	$	747.1	$	—

Schedule of Reconciliation of the Beginning and Ending Balances of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable, or Level 3, Inputs

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable, or Level 3, inputs is as follows:

	Investments		Equity-related derivative instruments		Total
	in millions
Balance of net assets at January 1, 2023	$	1,639.0	$	—	$	1,639.0
Gains (losses) included in loss from continuing operations (a):
Realized and unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net	—		31.7		31.7
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	(32.8)		—		(32.8)
Additions	16.4		—		16.4
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other, net	12.0		0.8		12.8
Balance of net assets at March 31, 2023 (b)	$	1,634.6	$	32.5	$	1,667.1

_______________

(a)Amounts primarily relate to assets and liabilities that we continue to carry on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023.

(b)As of March 31, 2023, $322.8 million of our Level 3 investments were accounted for under the measurement alternative at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes.

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Long-lived Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

The details of our property and equipment and the related accumulated depreciation are set forth below:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
Distribution systems	$	9,428.5	$	9,134.3
Support equipment, buildings and land	4,196.5		4,067.2
Customer premises equipment	1,304.6		1,338.1
Total property and equipment, gross	14,929.6		14,539.6
Accumulated depreciation	(8,252.7)		(8,035.1)
Total property and equipment, net	$	6,676.9	$	6,504.5

Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2023 are set forth below:

	January 1, 2023		Acquisitions and related adjustments		Foreign currency translation adjustments and other		March 31, 2023
	in millions
Switzerland	$	6,515.1	$	8.6	$	57.7	$	6,581.4
Belgium	2,480.2		8.5		36.9		2,525.6
Ireland	259.5		—		3.9		263.4
Central and Other	61.3		—		0.8		62.1
Total	$	9,316.1	$	17.1	$	99.3	$	9,432.5

Schedule of Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization, Net

The details of our intangible assets subject to amortization are set forth below:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
	in millions
Customer relationships	$	2,319.4	$	(1,030.3)	$	1,289.1	$	2,289.9	$	(932.2)	$	1,357.7
Other	1,487.1		(512.0)		975.1		1,467.2		(482.5)		984.7
Total	$	3,806.5	$	(1,542.3)	$	2,264.2	$	3,757.1	$	(1,414.7)	$	2,342.4

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt and Lease Obligation [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The U.S. dollar equivalents of the components of our debt are as follows:

	March 31, 2023						Principal amount
	Weighted average interest rate (a)		Unused borrowing capacity (b)
			Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
			in millions
UPC Holding Bank Facility (c)	6.96	%	€	713.4	$	775.4	$	3,605.1	$	3,587.7
UPC SPE Notes	4.57	%	—		—		1,657.5		1,651.6
UPC Holding Senior Notes	4.77	%	—		—		819.5		814.2
Telenet Credit Facility (d)	6.27	%	€	555.0	603.3		3,501.5		3,483.9
Telenet Senior Secured Notes	4.76	%	—		—		1,587.0		1,578.4
VM Ireland Credit Facility (e)	6.38	%	€	100.0	108.7		978.3		963.9
Vodafone Collar Loan (f)	2.95	%	—		—		1,367.4		—
Vendor financing (g)	3.73	%	—		—		655.3		704.7
Other (h)	6.32	%	—		—		587.1		585.8
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums (i)	5.59	%			$	1,487.4	$	14,758.7	$	13,370.2

The following table provides a reconciliation of total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums to total debt and finance lease obligations:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums	$	14,758.7	$	13,370.2
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(161.8)		(43.1)
Total carrying amount of debt	14,596.9		13,327.1
Finance lease obligations (note 10)	450.8		436.1
Total debt and finance lease obligations	15,047.7		13,763.2
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	(758.5)		(799.7)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	$	14,289.2	$	12,963.5

_______________

(a)Represents the weighted average interest rate in effect at March 31, 2023 for all borrowings outstanding pursuant to each debt instrument, including any applicable margin. The interest rates presented represent stated rates and do not include the impact of derivative instruments, deferred financing costs, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, all of which affect our overall cost of borrowing. Including the effects of derivative instruments, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, but excluding the impact of deferred financing costs and certain other obligations that we assumed in connection with certain acquisitions, the weighted average interest rate on our aggregate variable- and fixed-rate indebtedness was 3.22% at March 31, 2023. For information regarding our derivative instruments, see note 6.

(b)Unused borrowing capacity represents the maximum availability under the applicable facility at March 31, 2023 without regard to covenant compliance calculations or other conditions precedent to borrowing. The following table provides our borrowing availability and amounts available to loan or distribute in accordance with the terms of the respective

subsidiary facilities, (i) at March 31, 2023 and (ii) upon completion of the relevant March 31, 2023 compliance reporting requirements. These amounts do not consider any actual or potential changes to our borrowing levels or any amounts loaned or distributed subsequent to March 31, 2023, or the full impact of additional amounts that may be available to borrow, loan or distribute under certain defined baskets within each respective facility.

	Availability
	March 31, 2023				Upon completion of the relevant March 31, 2023 compliance reporting requirements
	Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent		Borrowing currency		U.S. $ equivalent
	in millions
Available to borrow:
UPC Holding Bank Facility	€	713.4	$	775.4	€	713.4	$	775.4
Telenet Credit Facility	€	555.0	$	603.3	€	555.0	$	603.3
VM Ireland Credit Facility	€	100.0	$	108.7	€	100.0	$	108.7
Available to loan or distribute:
UPC Holding Bank Facility	€	713.4	$	775.4	€	713.4	$	775.4
Telenet Credit Facility	€	555.0	$	603.3	€	555.0	$	603.3
VM Ireland Credit Facility	€	100.0	$	108.7	€	100.0	$	108.7

(c)Unused borrowing capacity under the UPC Holding Bank Facility relates to an equivalent €713.4 million ($775.4 million) under the UPC Revolving Facility, part of which has been made available as an ancillary facility. With the exception of €23.0 million ($25.0 million) of borrowings under the ancillary facility, the UPC Revolving Facility was undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(d)Unused borrowing capacity under the Telenet Credit Facility comprises (i) €510.0 million ($554.3 million) under the Telenet Revolving Facility I, (ii) €25.0 million ($27.2 million) under the Telenet Overdraft Facility and (iii) €20.0 million ($21.8 million) under the Telenet Revolving Facility, each of which were undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(e)Unused borrowing capacity under the VM Ireland Credit Facility relates to €100.0 million ($108.7 million) under the VM Ireland Revolving Facility, which was undrawn at March 31, 2023.

(f)For information regarding the Vodafone Collar Loan, see notes 5 and 6.

(g)Represents amounts owed to various creditors pursuant to interest-bearing vendor financing arrangements that are used to finance certain of our property and equipment additions and operating expenses. These arrangements extend our repayment terms beyond a vendor’s original due dates (e.g., extension beyond a vendor’s customary payment terms, which are generally 90 days or less) and as such are classified outside of accounts payable as debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. These obligations are generally due within one year and include VAT that was also financed under these arrangements. For purposes of our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, operating-related expenses financed by an intermediary are treated as constructive operating cash outflows and constructive financing cash inflows when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor as there is no actual cash outflow until we pay the financing intermediary. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the constructive cash outflow included in cash flows from operating activities and the corresponding constructive cash inflow included in cash flows from financing activities related to these operating expenses were $141.4 million and $133.7 million, respectively. Repayments of vendor financing obligations at the time we pay the financing intermediary are included in repayments and repurchases of debt and finance lease obligations in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

(h)Amounts include $425.5 million and $428.1 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, of liabilities related to Telenet’s acquisition of mobile spectrum licenses. Telenet will make annual payments for the license fees over the terms of the respective licenses.

(i)As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our debt had an estimated fair value of $14.1 billion and $12.6 billion, respectively. The estimated fair values of our debt instruments are generally determined using the average of applicable bid and ask prices (mostly Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy). For additional information regarding fair value hierarchies, see note 7.

Maturities of Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Maturities of our debt as of March 31, 2023 are presented below for the named entity and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise noted, and represent U.S. dollar equivalents based on March 31, 2023 exchange rates.

	UPC Holding (a)		Telenet		VM Ireland		Other (b)		Total
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	210.6	$	328.8	$	—	$	24.6	$	564.0
2024	54.3		71.4		—		15.4		141.1
2025	—		36.3		—		323.8		360.1
2026	—		38.0		—		1,044.8		1,082.8
2027	—		37.8		—		—		37.8
2028	1,152.3		3,919.8		—		—		5,072.1
Thereafter	4,929.8		1,592.7		978.3		—		7,500.8
Total debt maturities (c)	6,347.0		6,024.8		978.3		1,408.6		14,758.7
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(24.7)		(10.8)		(5.9)		(120.4)		(161.8)
Total debt	$	6,322.3	$	6,014.0	$	972.4	$	1,288.2	$	14,596.9
Current portion	$	264.9	$	375.3	$	—	$	29.3	$	669.5
Long-term portion	$	6,057.4	$	5,638.7	$	972.4	$	1,258.9	$	13,927.4

_______________

(a)Amounts include certain senior secured notes issued by special purpose financing entities that are consolidated by UPC Holding and Liberty Global.

(b)Includes $1,367.4 million related to the Vodafone Collar Loan, which has settlement dates in 2025 and 2026 consistent with the Vodafone Collar. We may elect to use cash or the collective value of the related shares and Vodafone Collar to settle amounts under the Vodafone Collar Loan.

(c)Amounts include vendor financing obligations of $655.3 million, as set forth below:

	UPC Holding		Telenet		Other		Total
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	210.6	$	309.1	$	24.6	$	544.3
2024	54.3		40.1		15.4		109.8
2025	—		—		1.2		1.2
Total vendor financing maturities	$	264.9	$	349.2	$	41.2	$	655.3
Current portion	$	264.9	$	349.2	$	29.3	$	643.4
Long-term portion	$	—	$	—	$	11.9	$	11.9

Summary of Vendor Financing Obligations

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our vendor financing obligations for the indicated periods is set forth below:

	2023		2022
	in millions
Balance at January 1	$	704.7	$	843.2
Operating-related vendor financing additions	141.4		133.7
Capital-related vendor financing additions	42.3		66.7
Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing	(143.5)		(208.4)
Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing	(104.5)		(35.9)
Foreign currency and other	14.9		(9.7)
Balance at March 31	$	655.3	$	789.6

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Lease Balances

A summary of our right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities is set forth below:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	in millions
ROU assets:
Finance leases (a)	$	373.0	$	377.6
Operating leases (b)	1,729.7		1,724.4
Total ROU assets	$	2,102.7	$	2,102.0
Lease liabilities:
Finance leases (c)	$	450.8	$	436.1
Operating leases (d)	1,788.8		1,791.1
Total lease liabilities	$	2,239.6	$	2,227.2

_______________

(a)Our finance lease ROU assets are included in property and equipment, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for finance leases was 21.5 years and the weighted average discount rate was 6.1%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our finance lease ROU assets of $7.3 million and $8.7 million, respectively.

(b)Our operating lease ROU assets are included in other assets, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 12.9 years and the weighted average discount rate was 5.7%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our operating lease ROU assets of $25.0 million and $51.2 million, respectively.

(c)The current and long-term portions of our finance lease liabilities are included within current portion of debt and finance lease obligations and long-term debt and finance lease obligations, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(d)The current portions of our operating lease liabilities are included within other accrued and current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Lease Expense and Cash Outflows from Operating and Finance Leases

A summary of our aggregate lease expense is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Finance lease expense:
Depreciation and amortization	$	17.3	$	16.5
Interest expense	6.2		6.5
Total finance lease expense	23.5		23.0
Operating lease expense (a)	59.3		51.7
Short-term lease expense (a)	1.1		1.1
Variable lease expense (b)	0.4		1.1
Total lease expense	$	84.3	$	76.9

_______________

(a)Our operating lease expense and short-term lease expense are included in programming and other direct costs of services, other operating expenses, SG&A expenses and impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(b)Variable lease expense represents payments made to a lessor during the lease term that vary because of a change in circumstance that occurred after the lease commencement date. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and are included in other operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of our cash outflows from operating and finance leases is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	59.9	$	78.3
Operating cash outflows from finance leases (interest component)	6.2		6.5
Financing cash outflows from finance leases (principal component)	2.4		17.8
Total cash outflows from operating and finance leases	$	68.5	$	102.6

Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

Maturities of our operating and finance lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 are presented below. Amounts represent U.S. dollar equivalents based on March 31, 2023 exchange rates:

	Operating leases		Finance leases
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	171.2	$	100.8
2024	223.6		69.8
2025	209.9		64.6
2026	197.0		58.5
2027	188.5		53.3
2028	184.1		45.8
Thereafter	1,393.6		190.6
Total payments	2,567.9		583.4
Less: present value discount	(779.1)		(132.6)
Present value of lease payments	$	1,788.8	$	450.8
Current portion	$	148.3	$	89.0
Long-term portion	$	1,640.5	$	361.8

Maturities of Financing Lease Liabilities

Maturities of our operating and finance lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 are presented below. Amounts represent U.S. dollar equivalents based on March 31, 2023 exchange rates:

	Operating leases		Finance leases
	in millions
Year ending December 31:
2023 (remainder of year)	$	171.2	$	100.8
2024	223.6		69.8
2025	209.9		64.6
2026	197.0		58.5
2027	188.5		53.3
2028	184.1		45.8
Thereafter	1,393.6		190.6
Total payments	2,567.9		583.4
Less: present value discount	(779.1)		(132.6)
Present value of lease payments	$	1,788.8	$	450.8
Current portion	$	148.3	$	89.0
Long-term portion	$	1,640.5	$	361.8

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Income Taxes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accrued Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Tax Expense Reconciliation Table

Income tax expense attributable to our earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes differs from the amounts computed using the applicable income tax rate as a result of the following factors:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Computed “expected” tax benefit (expense) (a)	$	164.7	$	(219.8)
Non-deductible or non-taxable foreign currency exchange results	(88.2)		128.2
Basis and other differences in the treatment of items associated with investments in subsidiaries and affiliates (b)	(76.6)		62.2
Non-deductible or non-taxable interest and other expenses	(26.1)		(32.2)
Valuation allowance	19.7		13.9
International rate differences (c)	(4.4)		(40.9)
Other, net	(1.6)		7.4
Total income tax expense	$	(12.5)	$	(81.2)

_______________

(a)The statutory or “expected” tax rates are the U.K. rates of 23.5% for the 2023 period and 19.0% for the 2022 period. The statutory rate for the 2023 period represents the blended rate in effect for the year ended December 31, 2023 based on the 19.0% statutory rate that was in effect for the first quarter of 2023 and the 25.0% statutory rate that is in effect from April 1, 2023.

(b)Amounts reflect the net impact of differences in the treatment of income and loss items between financial reporting and tax accounting related to investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, including the effects of foreign earnings.

(c)Amounts reflect adjustments (either a benefit or expense) to the “expected” tax benefit (expense) for statutory rates in jurisdictions in which we operate outside of the U.K.

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Share-based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of our aggregate share-based compensation expense is set forth below: 

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Liberty Global:
Non-performance based incentive awards	$	29.2	$	33.0
Performance-based incentive awards (a)	—		7.1
Other (b)	6.8		9.0
Total Liberty Global	36.0		49.1
Other	7.8		2.3
Total	$	43.8	$	51.4
Included in:
Other operating expense	$	2.2	$	0.3
SG&A expense	41.6		51.1
Total	$	43.8	$	51.4

_______________

(a)The 2022 amount includes share-based compensation expense related to our 2019 Challenge Performance Awards.

(b)Represents annual incentive compensation and defined contribution plan liabilities that have been or are expected to be settled with Liberty Global ordinary shares. In the case of annual incentive compensation, shares have been or will be issued to senior management and key employees pursuant to a shareholding incentive program. The shareholding incentive program allows these employees to elect to receive up to 100% of their annual incentive compensation in ordinary shares of Liberty Global in lieu of cash.

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The following table provides the aggregate number of options, share appreciation rights (SARs) and performance-based share appreciation rights (PSARs) with respect to awards issued by Liberty Global that were (i) outstanding and (ii) exercisable as of March 31, 2023:

	Class A			Class C
	Gross number of shares underlying option, SAR and PSAR awards (a)	Weighted average exercise or base price		Gross number of shares underlying option, SAR and PSAR awards (a)	Weighted average exercise or base price
Held by Liberty Global employees:
Outstanding	27,397,121	$	26.18	65,090,831	$	25.40
Exercisable	18,003,373	$	28.13	38,720,987	$	27.04
Held by former Liberty Global employees (b):
Outstanding	1,623,956	$	31.56	3,531,628	$	30.17
Exercisable	1,540,291	$	32.09	3,364,330	$	30.59

_______________

(a)Amounts represent the gross number of shares associated with option, SAR and PSAR awards issued to our current and former employees and our directors. Our company settles SARs and PSARs on a net basis when exercised by the award holder, whereby the number of shares issued represents the excess value of the award based on the market price of the respective Liberty Global shares at the time of exercise relative to the award’s exercise price. In addition, the number of shares issued is further reduced by the amount of the employee’s required income tax withholding.

(b)Amounts represent certain share-based awards that continue to be held by former employees of Liberty Global subsequent to certain split-off or disposal transactions. Although future exercises of these awards by former employees will not result in the recognition of share-based compensation expense, such exercises will increase the number of our outstanding ordinary shares.

Schedule of Other Share Based Compensation Activity

The following table provides the aggregate number of restricted share units (RSUs) that were outstanding as of March 31, 2023. The number of shares to be issued on the vesting date of these awards will be reduced by the amount of the employee’s required income tax withholding.

	Class A	Class C
Held by Liberty Global employees	3,171,336	6,898,733
Held by former Liberty Global employees (a)	34,359	68,701

_______________

(a)Amounts represent certain share-based awards that continue to be held by former employees of Liberty Global subsequent to certain split-off or disposal transactions. The future vesting of these RSUs will increase the number of our outstanding ordinary shares.

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Earnings (Loss) per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share

The details of our basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (basic EPS computation)	454,394,944	520,320,152
Incremental shares attributable to the assumed exercise or release of outstanding share-based incentive awards upon vesting (treasury stock method)	—	12,364,920
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (diluted EPS computation)	454,394,944	532,685,072

The details of our net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	(713.5)	$	1,075.7
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	(7.9)		(72.0)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$	(721.4)	$	1,003.7

Schedule of Weighted Average Number of Shares

The details of our basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding are set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (basic EPS computation)	454,394,944	520,320,152
Incremental shares attributable to the assumed exercise or release of outstanding share-based incentive awards upon vesting (treasury stock method)	—	12,364,920
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (diluted EPS computation)	454,394,944	532,685,072

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Unrecorded Purchase Obligation

The following table sets forth the U.S. dollar equivalents of such commitments as of March 31, 2023. The commitments included in this table do not reflect any liabilities that are included on our March 31, 2023 condensed consolidated balance sheet.

	Payments due during:
	Remainder of 2023
			2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
	in millions
Network and connectivity commitments	$	224.9	$	184.4	$	128.1	$	78.1	$	73.6	$	71.7	$	766.1	$	1,526.9
Purchase commitments	351.9		178.8		51.8		14.4		1.1		0.2		—		598.2
Programming commitments	141.4		145.8		104.6		42.5		20.1		—		—		454.4
Other commitments	98.3		154.3		160.6		123.8		28.6		26.7		91.5		683.8
Total	$	816.5	$	663.3	$	445.1	$	258.8	$	123.4	$	98.6	$	857.6	$	3,263.3

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting, Measurement Disclosures [Abstract]

Revenue and Operating Cash Flow by Segment

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Increase (decrease) to revenue (a):
Central and Other	$	57.4	$	60.0
Intersegment eliminations	(57.4)		(60.0)
Total	$	—	$	—
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA (b):
Switzerland	$	(15.7)	$	(10.4)
Belgium	(2.2)		(2.3)
Ireland	(5.9)		(3.8)
Central and Other	38.8		32.2
Intersegment eliminations	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total	$	—	$	—
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions (c):
Switzerland	$	5.5	$	5.8
Belgium	6.9		7.2
Ireland	2.6		2.7
Central and Other	—		—
Intersegment eliminations	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total	$	—	$	—

_______________

(a)Amounts reflect the revenue recognized within our T&I Function, as well as any applicable markup, related to the Tech Framework.

(b)Amounts reflect the charge to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the service and maintenance component of the Tech Framework and, additionally for Central and Other, the Adjusted EBITDA impact of the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

(c)Amounts reflect the charge to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

The noncontrolling owners’ interests in the operating results of Telenet and other less significant majority-owned subsidiaries are reflected in net earnings or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Similarly, despite only holding a 50% noncontrolling interest in both the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV, we present 100% of the revenue and Adjusted EBITDA of those entities in the tables below. Our share of the operating results of the VMO2 JV and the VodafoneZiggo JV is included in share of results of affiliates, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

	Revenue
	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	807.4	$	821.4
Belgium	754.5		724.4
Ireland	123.0		127.8
Central and Other	244.5		241.4
Intersegment eliminations (b)	(61.0)		(61.7)
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3
VMO2 JV	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Amounts primarily relate to (i) the revenue recognized within our T&I Function related to the Tech Framework and (ii) for the three months ended March 31, 2022, transactions between our continuing and discontinued operations.

	Adjusted EBITDA
	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	263.0	$	290.8
Belgium	302.9		338.1
Ireland	41.5		47.1
Central and Other	32.1		24.8
Intersegment eliminations (b)	(15.0)		(16.5)
Total	$	624.5	$	684.3
VMO2 JV	$	1,025.9	$	1,395.3
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	471.5	$	537.8

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Amounts relate to (i) the Adjusted EBITDA impact to Central and Other of the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup, and (ii) for three months ended March 31, 2022, transactions between our continuing and discontinued operations.

The following table provides a reconciliation of earnings (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	(713.5)	$	1,075.7
Income tax expense	12.5		81.2
Other income, net	(43.9)		(11.9)
Share of results of affiliates, net	238.6		(230.5)
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	5.5		93.4
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	302.9		(575.0)
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivative instruments, net	34.4		(508.3)
Interest expense	200.9		134.2
Operating income	37.4		58.8
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net	16.4		9.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9		564.7
Share-based compensation expense	43.8		51.4
Adjusted EBITDA	$	624.5	$	684.3

Property and Equipment Additions of our Reportable Segments

The property and equipment additions of our reportable segments (including capital additions financed under capital-related vendor financing or finance lease arrangements) are presented below and reconciled to the capital expenditure amounts included in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. For additional information concerning capital additions financed under vendor financing and finance lease arrangements, see notes 8 and 10, respectively.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022 (a)
	in millions
Switzerland	$	149.0	$	149.3
Belgium	173.0		158.5
Ireland	33.1		29.2
Central and Other (b)	49.8		60.6
Intercompany eliminations (c)	(15.0)		(15.7)
Total property and equipment additions	389.9		381.9
Assets acquired under capital-related vendor financing arrangements	(42.3)		(66.7)
Assets acquired under finance leases	(7.3)		(8.7)
Changes in current liabilities related to capital expenditures	36.9		66.3
Total capital expenditures, net	$	377.2	$	372.8
Property and equipment additions:
VMO2 JV	$	590.6	$	659.3
VodafoneZiggo JV	$	250.4	$	220.4

_______________

(a)Amounts have been revised, as applicable, to reflect the retrospective impact of the Tech Framework, as described above.

(b)Includes (i) property and equipment additions representing centrally-owned assets that benefit our operating segments, (ii) the net impact of certain centrally-procured network equipment that is ultimately transferred to our operating segments and (iii) property and equipment additions of our operations in Slovakia.

(c)Amounts reflect the charge under the Tech Framework to each respective consolidated reportable segment related to the value attributed to centrally-held internally developed technology that is embedded within our various CPE, as well as any applicable markup.

Schedule of Revenue by Major Category

Our revenue by major category for our consolidated reportable segments is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Residential revenue:
Residential fixed revenue (a):
Subscription revenue (b):
Broadband internet	$	359.5	$	360.2
Video	273.2		286.5
Fixed-line telephony	92.1		103.9
Total subscription revenue	724.8		750.6
Non-subscription revenue	7.3		11.9
Total residential fixed revenue	732.1		762.5
Residential mobile revenue (c):
Subscription revenue (b)	356.4		353.2
Non-subscription revenue	133.9		145.3
Total residential mobile revenue	490.3		498.5
Total residential revenue	1,222.4		1,261.0
B2B revenue (d):
Subscription revenue	133.4		132.9
Non-subscription revenue	223.8		221.4
Total B2B revenue	357.2		354.3
Other revenue (e)	288.8		238.0
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3

_______________

(a)Residential fixed subscription revenue includes amounts received from subscribers for ongoing services and the recognition of deferred installation revenue over the associated contract period. Residential fixed non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, channel carriage fees, late fees and revenue from the sale of equipment.

(b)Residential subscription revenue from subscribers who purchase bundled services at a discounted rate is generally allocated proportionally to each service based on the standalone price for each individual service. As a result, changes in the standalone pricing of our fixed and mobile products or the composition of bundles can contribute to changes in our product revenue categories from period to period.

(c)Residential mobile subscription revenue includes amounts received from subscribers for ongoing services. Residential mobile non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, interconnect revenue and revenue from sales of mobile handsets and other devices.

(d)B2B subscription revenue represents revenue from (i) services provided to small or home office (SOHO) subscribers and (ii) mobile services provided to medium and large enterprises. SOHO subscribers pay a premium price to receive expanded service levels along with broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony or mobile services that are the same or similar to the mass marketed products offered to our residential subscribers. B2B non-subscription revenue includes (a) revenue from business broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and data services offered to medium and large

enterprises and, fixed-line and mobile services on a wholesale basis, to other operators and (b) revenue from long-term leases of portions of our network.(e)Other revenue includes, among other items, (i) broadcasting revenue in Belgium, Ireland and Switzerland, (ii) revenue earned from the U.K. JV Services and NL JV Services, (iii) revenue earned from transitional and other services provided to various third parties and (iv) revenue earned from the sale of CPE to the VodafoneZiggo JV.

Schedule of Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Segments

The revenue of our geographic segments is set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	in millions
Switzerland	$	807.4	$	821.4
Belgium	716.6		724.4
Ireland	123.0		127.8
Slovakia	13.3		12.9
Other, including intersegment eliminations (a)	208.1		166.8
Total	$	1,868.4	$	1,853.3
VMO2 JV (U.K.)	$	3,162.7	$	3,398.0
VodafoneZiggo JV (Netherlands)	$	1,083.4	$	1,130.0

______________

(a)Revenue from our other geographic segments relates to (i) our Central functions, most of which is located in the Netherlands and the U.K., and (ii) certain other operations at Telenet, primarily in the U.S. and Luxembourg.

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Basis of Presentation (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Telenet
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage ownership in subsidiary	61.10%
VodafoneZiggo JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50.00%
Co-venturer ownership percentage	50.00%
Vodafone Group Inc.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Co-venturer ownership percentage	50.00%
AtlasEdge JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	47.90%
Noting interest percentage	50.00%
nexfibre JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	25.00%
VMO2 JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Co-venturer ownership percentage	50.00%
Telefonica
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Co-venturer ownership percentage	50.00%

XML

Revenue Recognition and Related Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Trade receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 47.1		$ 43.1
Contract assets	35.5		33.3
Deferred revenue	352.4		272.5
Revenue recognized	148.9
Aggregate assets associated with incremental costs to obtain a contract and contract fulfillment costs	72.8		$ 69.4
Amortization related to contract costs	$ 3.1	$ 4.4
Residential Service | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period	12 months
Mobile Services | Minimum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period	1 year
Mobile Services | Maximum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period	3 years
B2B Services | Minimum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period	1 year
B2B Services | Maximum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period	5 years

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Acquisitions and Dispositions (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Jul. 19, 2022
NetCo | Telenet
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership interest			66.80%
NetCo | Fluvius
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership interest			33.20%
Disposed of by sale | UPC Poland
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership percentage sold	100.00%
Term of transitional services		5 years
Revenue from transitional services		$ 9.3

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Acquisitions and Dispositions (Intercompany Revenue and Expenses) (Details) - UPC Poland - Disposed of by sale $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 109.5
Operating income	45.0
Earnings before income taxes	43.9
Income tax expense	(9.3)
Net earnings attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$ 34.6

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Investments (Schedule of Investments) (Details) € / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, € in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 EUR (€) € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity	$ 12,577.3		$ 12,677.1
Short-term, separately-managed accounts (SMAs)	2,187.9		2,621.6
Total investments	5,995.3		4,893.0
Total investments	18,572.6		17,570.1
Short-term investments	2,187.9		2,621.6
Long-term investments	$ 16,384.7		14,948.5
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other current assets (notes 3 and 5)
Accrued interest	$ 24.0		18.5
VodafoneZiggo JV
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity	$ 2,330.7		2,345.8
Ownership percentage	50.00%
VodafoneZiggo JV | VodafoneZiggo JV Loan
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Excess of carrying amount over proportional share in investees net assets	$ 1,206.0		1,196.8
Related party note receivable rate	5.55%	5.55%
Interest accrued	$ 13.5
VodafoneZiggo JV | VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable I
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Related party note receivable	760.9		749.7
VodafoneZiggo JV | VodafoneZiggo JV Receivable II
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Related party note receivable	226.0		222.7
AtlasEdge JV
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity	$ 232.3		122.2
Ownership percentage	47.90%
All3Media Ltd. (All3Media)
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity	$ 144.5		143.9
Ownership percentage	50.00%
Formula E Holdings Ltd
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity	$ 88.8		87.3
Ownership percentage	35.90%
nexfibre JV
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity	$ 44.7		0.0
Ownership percentage	25.00%
Other
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity	$ 124.0		187.0
Long-term investments at fair value	350.4		337.7
Vodafone - subject to re-use rights
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term, SMAs	1,472.1		0.0
Total investments	$ 249.2
Ownership percentage	4.90%
Number of shares purchased (in shares) | shares	1,335,000,000	1,335,000,000
Average purchase price per share (in dollars per share) | (per share)	$ 1.1151	€ 0.9195
Aggregate purchase price	$ 1,488.7	€ 1,227.6
Cash paid for acquisition	269.2
Asset acquisition, collar premium	0.3
ITV plc (ITV)
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term investments at fair value	$ 407.5		362.4
Ownership percentage	9.90%
Televisa Univision, Inc.
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term, SMAs	$ 385.5		385.5
Ownership percentage	6.30%
Lacework, Inc. (Lacework)
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term investments at fair value	$ 221.4		242.8
Ownership percentage	3.30%
SMAs
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term, SMAs	$ 222.1		233.0
EdgeConneX, Inc. (EdgeConneX)
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term investments at fair value	$ 198.6		183.8
Ownership percentage	5.20%
Plume Design, Inc. (Plume)
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term, SMAs	$ 228.7		246.2
Ownership percentage	11.50%
Warrants, fair value	$ 85.2		92.2
Pax8, Inc.
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term, SMAs	$ 99.0		99.0
Ownership percentage	5.90%
Aviatrix Systems, Inc.
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term investments at fair value	$ 78.2		78.2
Ownership percentage	3.80%
CANAL+ Polska S.A.
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term investments at fair value	$ 73.1		66.1
Ownership percentage	17.00%
Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. (Lionsgate)
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Long-term investments at fair value	$ 70.8		36.7
Ownership percentage	2.90%
VMO2 JV
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity	$ 9,612.3		$ 9,790.9
Ownership percentage	50.00%

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Investments (Equity Method Investments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment	$ (238.6)	$ 230.5
Revenue	1,868.4	1,853.3
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	(701.0)	1,156.9
Net earnings (loss)	(713.5)	1,110.3
VMO2 JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Revenue	3,162.7	3,398.0
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	(454.0)	378.6
Net earnings (loss)	(352.1)	318.1
VodafoneZiggo JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	(108.9)	127.0
Net earnings (loss)	(88.1)	72.3
VMO2 JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment	$ (178.5)	187.1
Percent of remaining results of operations included in investment	50.00%
Percentage of share based compensation expense	100.00%
Revenue	$ 3,162.7
VodafoneZiggo JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment	$ (35.7)	48.6
Percent of remaining results of operations included in investment	50.00%
Percent of interest income earned on loan included in investment	100.00%
Revenue	$ 1,083.4	1,130.0
AtlasEdge JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment	(10.1)	(3.0)
nexfibre JV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment	(8.6)	0.0
Other, net
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment	$ (5.7)	$ (2.2)

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Investments (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,868.4	$ 1,853.3
Dividend distributions received from the VodafoneZiggo JV	0.0	94.8
Proceeds from sale of debt securities	2,400.0	2,600.0
Realized net losses	19.2	3.4
UK JV Services
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Revenue	65.8	68.7
VMO2 JV
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Revenue	3,162.7
Due from related party	39.2		$ 37.0
Proceeds from joint venture	198.3
JV Services
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Revenue	65.0	60.0
VodafoneZiggo JV
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Revenue	1,083.4	$ 1,130.0
VodafoneZiggo JV | Equity Method Investee
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Due from related party	$ 44.1		$ 35.0

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Investments (Fair Value Realized and Unrealized Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$ (5.5)	$ (93.4)
ITV
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	45.1	(167.4)
Vodafone
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(37.4)	0.0
Lionsgate
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	34.1	(2.5)
Lacework
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(21.4)	0.0
Plume
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(17.5)	0.2
SMAs
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(14.5)	(8.9)
EdgeConneX
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	11.9	13.5
Other, net
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$ (5.8)	$ 71.7

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Investments (Debt Securities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 2,414.8	$ 2,858.9
Accumulated unrealized loss	(4.8)	(4.3)
Fair value	2,410.0	2,854.6
Contractual maturity:
Due in one year or less	2,187.9
Due in one to five years	221.0
Due in five to ten years	1.1
Fair value	2,410.0	2,854.6
Commercial paper
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	831.4	881.1
Accumulated unrealized loss	0.1	2.1
Fair value	831.5	883.2
Contractual maturity:
Fair value	831.5	883.2
Government bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	596.1	697.0
Accumulated unrealized loss	(1.6)	(1.4)
Fair value	594.5	695.6
Contractual maturity:
Fair value	594.5	695.6
Certificates of deposit
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	481.6	520.5
Accumulated unrealized loss	(0.3)	(0.6)
Fair value	481.3	519.9
Contractual maturity:
Fair value	481.3	519.9
Corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	316.0	405.3
Accumulated unrealized loss	(3.0)	(4.8)
Fair value	313.0	400.5
Contractual maturity:
Fair value	313.0	400.5
Other debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	189.7	355.0
Accumulated unrealized loss	0.0	0.4
Fair value	189.7	355.4
Contractual maturity:
Fair value	$ 189.7	$ 355.4
Weighted Average
Contractual maturity:
Weighted average life	4 months 24 days

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Derivative Instruments (Fair Values of Derivative Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Asset
Current	$ 474.5		$ 382.7
Long-term	948.4		1,087.6
Total	1,422.9		1,470.3
Liabilities
Current	282.1		296.8
Long-term	435.7		450.3
Total	$ 717.8		$ 747.1
Derivative Asset, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Assets, Noncurrent		Other Assets, Noncurrent
Derivative Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent		Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts
Asset
Current	$ 472.3		$ 381.4
Long-term	827.1		1,087.6
Total	1,299.4		1,469.0
Liabilities
Current	187.3		286.5
Long-term	434.7		449.0
Total	622.0		735.5
Gain (loss) on change in credit risk valuation included in realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	(21.4)	$ 4.5
Equity-related derivative instruments
Asset
Current	0.0		0.0
Long-term	121.3		0.0
Total	121.3		0.0
Liabilities
Current	88.8		0.0
Long-term	0.0		0.0
Total	88.8		0.0
Foreign currency forward and option contracts
Asset
Current	2.0		1.0
Long-term	0.0		0.0
Total	2.0		1.0
Liabilities
Current	6.0		10.3
Long-term	1.0		1.3
Total	7.0		11.6
Other
Asset
Current	0.2		0.3
Long-term	0.0		0.0
Total	$ 0.2		$ 0.3

XML

Derivative Instruments (Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives) (Schedule and Footnotes) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	$ (34.4)	$ 508.3
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	(66.9)	472.3
Equity-related derivative instruments
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	31.7	0.0
Foreign currency forward and option contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	0.8	36.4
Other
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	$ 0.0	$ (0.4)

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Derivative Instruments (Net Cash Received (Paid) Related to Derivatives) (Schedule) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating activities	$ 56.0	$ (43.2)
Investing activities	0.0	4.6
Financing activities	(62.1)	(9.0)
Total	$ (6.1)	$ (47.6)

XML

Derivative Instruments (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative assets	$ 1,422.9	$ 1,470.3
Counterparty Credit Risk
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative assets	777.6
Interest Rate Caps
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	1,200.0
Interest Rate Collars
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	8,900.0
Foreign currency forward and option contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative assets	2.0	$ 1.0
Notional amount	$ 502.2

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Derivative Instruments (Cross-currency Derivative Contracts) (Details) - 3 months ended Mar. 31, 2023 € in Millions, SFr in Millions, $ in Millions	USD ($)	EUR (€)	CHF (SFr)
UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 1
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining life	2 years 6 months
UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining life	5 years 2 months 12 days
UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 3
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining life	4 years
Telenet | Cross-Currency Swap 4
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining life	3 years 9 months 18 days
Telenet | Cross-Currency Swap 5
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining life	1 year 9 months 18 days
Notional amount due from counterparty | UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 1
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | $	$ 250.0
Notional amount due from counterparty | UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | $	4,475.0
Notional amount due from counterparty | UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 3
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | €		€ 1,952.6
Notional amount due from counterparty | Telenet | Cross-Currency Swap 4
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | $	3,940.0
Notional amount due from counterparty | Telenet | Cross-Currency Swap 5
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | €		45.2
Notional amount due to counterparty | UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 1
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | €		220.6
Notional amount due to counterparty | UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | SFr			SFr 4,098.2
Notional amount due to counterparty | UPC Holding | Cross-Currency Swap 3
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | SFr			SFr 2,176.5
Notional amount due to counterparty | Telenet | Cross-Currency Swap 4
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | €		€ 3,489.6
Notional amount due to counterparty | Telenet | Cross-Currency Swap 5
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | $	$ 50.0

XML

Derivative Instruments (Interest Rate Swap Contracts and Options) (Details) - Interest Rate Swap $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Pays fixed rate | UPC Holding
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 3,372.6
Weighted average remaining life	3 years 3 months 18 days
Pays fixed rate | Telenet
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 3,080.1
Weighted average remaining life	2 years 2 months 12 days
Receives fixed rate | UPC Holding
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 3,266.6
Weighted average remaining life	3 years 4 months 24 days
Receives fixed rate | Telenet
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 1,415.2
Weighted average remaining life	7 months 6 days

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Derivative Instruments (Basis Swaps, Interest Rate Caps and Collars) (Details) - Basis Swaps $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
UPC Holding
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining life	6 months
Telenet
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining life	6 months
VM Ireland
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining life	9 months 18 days
Notional amount due from counterparty | UPC Holding
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 3,605.0
Notional amount due from counterparty | Telenet
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	3,501.5
Notional amount due from counterparty | VM Ireland
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 978.3

XML

Derivative Instruments (Impact of Derivative Instruments on Borrowing Costs) (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivative [Line Items]
Impact of derivative instruments on borrowing costs	(2.93%)
UPC Holding
Derivative [Line Items]
Impact of derivative instruments on borrowing costs	(3.14%)
Telenet
Derivative [Line Items]
Impact of derivative instruments on borrowing costs	(2.72%)
VM Ireland
Derivative [Line Items]
Impact of derivative instruments on borrowing costs	(2.58%)

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Derivative Instruments (Equity-related Derivative Instruments) (Details) - Vodafone Collar Loan € in Millions, $ in Millions	Feb. 11, 2023 EUR (€) shares	Mar. 31, 2023 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 11, 2023 USD ($)
Derivative [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares, new issues	1,335,000,000
Debt instrument, face amount	€ 1,143.6	€ 1,258.0	$ 1,341.8	$ 1,219.8
Debt instrument, unamortized discount		€ 114.4	$ 122.0
Stated interest percentage		2.95%	2.95%

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Summary of Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value) (Schedule) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	$ 1,422.9	$ 1,470.3
SMAs	2,410.0	2,854.6
Other investments	3,585.3	2,038.4
Total investments	5,995.3	4,893.0
Total assets	7,418.2	6,363.3
Derivative instruments	717.8	747.1
Total liabilities	717.8	747.1
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
SMAs	695.7	943.2
Other investments	1,950.6	399.3
Total investments	2,646.3	1,342.5
Total assets	2,646.3	1,342.5
Total liabilities	0.0	0.0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	1,301.6	1,470.3
SMAs	1,714.3	1,911.4
Other investments	0.1	0.1
Total investments	1,714.4	1,911.5
Total assets	3,016.0	3,381.8
Total liabilities	629.0	747.1
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	121.3	0.0
SMAs	0.0	0.0
Other investments	1,634.6	1,639.0
Total investments	1,634.6	1,639.0
Total assets	1,755.9	1,639.0
Total liabilities	88.8	0.0
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	1,299.4	1,469.0
Derivative instruments	622.0	735.5
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	1,299.4	1,469.0
Derivative instruments	622.0	735.5
Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Equity-related derivative instruments
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	121.3	0.0
Derivative instruments	88.8	0.0
Equity-related derivative instruments | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.0
Derivative instruments	0.0
Equity-related derivative instruments | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.0
Derivative instruments	0.0
Equity-related derivative instruments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	121.3
Derivative instruments	88.8
Foreign currency forward and option contracts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	2.0	1.0
Derivative instruments	7.0	11.6
Foreign currency forward and option contracts | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Foreign currency forward and option contracts | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	2.0	1.0
Derivative instruments	7.0	11.6
Foreign currency forward and option contracts | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Other
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.2	0.3
Other | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.0	0.0
Other | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	0.2	0.3
Other | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative instruments	$ 0.0	$ 0.0

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Assets and Liabilities Reconciliation) (Schedule and Footnote) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation Net Derivative Asset Liability Gain Loss Statement Of Income Extensible List Not Disclosed Flag	true
Fair Value Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation Net Derivative Asset Liability Gain Loss Statement Of Income Extensible List Not Disclosed Flag	true
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance of net assets at January 1, 2023	$ 1,639.0
Gains included in earnings from continuing operations
Realized and unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net	31.7
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	(32.8)
Additions	16.4
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other, net	12.8
Balance of net assets at March 31, 2023	1,667.1
Investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance of net assets at January 1, 2023	1,639.0
Gains included in earnings from continuing operations
Realized and unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net	0.0
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	(32.8)
Additions	16.4
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other, net	12.0
Balance of net assets at March 31, 2023	1,634.6
Equity-related derivative instruments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance of net assets at January 1, 2023	0.0
Gains included in earnings from continuing operations
Realized and unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net	31.7
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	0.0
Additions	0.0
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other, net	0.8
Balance of net assets at March 31, 2023	32.5
Instruments accounted for under measurement alternative
Gains included in earnings from continuing operations
Balance of net assets at March 31, 2023	$ 322.8

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Long-lived Assets (Schedule of PP&E) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment gross	$ 14,929.6	$ 14,539.6
Accumulated depreciation	(8,252.7)	(8,035.1)
Total property and equipment, net	6,676.9	6,504.5
Distribution systems
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment gross	9,428.5	9,134.3
Support equipment, buildings and land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment gross	4,196.5	4,067.2
Customer premises equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment gross	$ 1,304.6	$ 1,338.1

XML

Long-lived Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Value added tax, vendor financing arrangement	$ 6.7	$ 6.6
Vendor financing
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Capital-related vendor financing additions	$ 42.3	$ 66.7

XML

Long-lived Assets (Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	$ 9,316.1
Acquisitions and related adjustments	17.1
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	99.3
Goodwill ending balance	9,432.5
Switzerland
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	6,515.1
Acquisitions and related adjustments	8.6
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	57.7
Goodwill ending balance	6,581.4
Belgium
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	2,480.2
Acquisitions and related adjustments	8.5
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	36.9
Goodwill ending balance	2,525.6
Ireland
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	259.5
Acquisitions and related adjustments	0.0
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	3.9
Goodwill ending balance	263.4
Central and Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	61.3
Acquisitions and related adjustments	0.0
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	0.8
Goodwill ending balance	$ 62.1

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Long-lived Assets (Schedule of Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization, Net) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 3,806.5	$ 3,757.1
Accumulated amortization	(1,542.3)	(1,414.7)
Net carrying amount	2,264.2	2,342.4
Customer relationships
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	2,319.4	2,289.9
Accumulated amortization	(1,030.3)	(932.2)
Net carrying amount	1,289.1	1,357.7
Other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	1,487.1	1,467.2
Accumulated amortization	(512.0)	(482.5)
Net carrying amount	$ 975.1	$ 984.7

XML

Debt (Components of Debt) (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	5.59%	5.59%
Unused borrowing capacity, amount		$ 1,487.4
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		14,758.7	$ 13,370.2
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net		(161.8)	(43.1)
Total carrying amount of debt		14,596.9	13,327.1
Finance lease obligations (note 10)		450.8	436.1
Total debt and finance lease obligations		15,047.7	13,763.2
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations		(758.5)	(799.7)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations		$ 14,289.2	12,963.5
UPC Holding Bank Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	6.96%	6.96%
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		$ 3,605.1	3,587.7
UPC Holding Bank Facility | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	€ 713.4	$ 775.4
UPC SPE Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	4.57%	4.57%
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		$ 1,657.5	1,651.6
UPC Holding Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	4.77%	4.77%
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		$ 819.5	814.2
Telenet Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	6.27%	6.27%
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		$ 3,501.5	3,483.9
Telenet Credit Facility | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	€ 555.0	$ 603.3
Telenet Senior Secured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	4.76%	4.76%
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		$ 1,587.0	1,578.4
VM Ireland Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	6.38%	6.38%
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	€ 100.0	$ 108.7
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		978.3	963.9
VM Ireland Credit Facility | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	€ 100.0	$ 108.7
Vodafone Collar Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	2.95%	2.95%
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		$ 1,367.4	0.0
Vendor financing
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	3.73%	3.73%
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		$ 655.3	704.7	$ 789.6	$ 843.2
Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	6.32%	6.32%
Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums		$ 587.1	$ 585.8

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Debt ( Component of Debt-Footnotes) (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	5.59%	5.59%
Unused borrowing capacity, amount		$ 1,487.4
Deferred liabilities		425.5	$ 428.1
Long-term Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Estimated fair value		$ 14,100.0	$ 12,600.0
Aggregate Variable and Fixed Rate Indebtedness
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	3.22%	3.22%
UPC Holding Bank Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	6.96%	6.96%
UPC Holding Bank Facility | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	€ 713.4	$ 775.4
Available to loan or distribute	713.4	775.4
UPC Holding Bank Facility | Debt Covenant, Scenario 1 | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	713.4	775.4
Available to loan or distribute	€ 713.4	$ 775.4
Telenet Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	6.27%	6.27%
Telenet Credit Facility | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	€ 555.0	$ 603.3
Available to loan or distribute	555.0	603.3
Telenet Credit Facility | Debt Covenant, Scenario 1 | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	555.0	603.3
Available to loan or distribute	€ 555.0	$ 603.3
VM Ireland Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	6.38%	6.38%
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	€ 100.0	$ 108.7
VM Ireland Credit Facility | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	100.0	108.7
Available to loan or distribute	100.0	108.7
VM Ireland Credit Facility | Debt Covenant, Scenario 1 | UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	100.0	108.7
Available to loan or distribute	100.0	108.7
UPC Revolving Facility One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	713.4	775.4
UPC Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	23.0	25.0
Telenet Revolving Credit Facility I
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	510.0	554.3
Telenet Overdraft Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	25.0	27.2
Telenet Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, amount	€ 20.0	$ 21.8

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Debt (Narrative) (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023 group
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Number of borrowing groups	3

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Debt (Maturities of Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	$ 564.0
2024	141.1
2025	360.1
2026	1,082.8
2027	37.8
2028	5,072.1
Thereafter	7,500.8
Total debt maturities	14,758.7
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(161.8)
Total debt	14,596.9
Current portion	669.5
Long-term portion	13,927.4
Long-term debt, gross	14,758.7	$ 13,370.2
Vodafone Collar Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	1,367.4	$ 0.0
UPC Holding
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	210.6
2024	54.3
2025	0.0
2026	0.0
2027	0.0
2028	1,152.3
Thereafter	4,929.8
Total debt maturities	6,347.0
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(24.7)
Total debt	6,322.3
Current portion	264.9
Long-term portion	6,057.4
Telenet
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	328.8
2024	71.4
2025	36.3
2026	38.0
2027	37.8
2028	3,919.8
Thereafter	1,592.7
Total debt maturities	6,024.8
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(10.8)
Total debt	6,014.0
Current portion	375.3
Long-term portion	5,638.7
VM Ireland
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	0.0
2024	0.0
2025	0.0
2026	0.0
2027	0.0
2028	0.0
Thereafter	978.3
Total debt maturities	978.3
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(5.9)
Total debt	972.4
Current portion	0.0
Long-term portion	972.4
Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	24.6
2024	15.4
2025	323.8
2026	1,044.8
2027	0.0
2028	0.0
Thereafter	0.0
Total debt maturities	1,408.6
Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net	(120.4)
Total debt	1,288.2
Current portion	29.3
Long-term portion	$ 1,258.9

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Debt (Vendor Financing Obligations) (Schedule) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	$ 564.0
2024	141.1
2025	360.1
Total vendor financing maturities	14,758.7	$ 13,370.2
Current portion	669.5
Long-term portion	13,927.4
UPC Holding
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	210.6
2024	54.3
2025	0.0
Current portion	264.9
Long-term portion	6,057.4
Telenet
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	328.8
2024	71.4
2025	36.3
Current portion	375.3
Long-term portion	5,638.7
Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	24.6
2024	15.4
2025	323.8
Current portion	29.3
Long-term portion	1,258.9
Vendor financing
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	544.3
2024	109.8
2025	1.2
Total vendor financing maturities	655.3	$ 704.7	$ 789.6	$ 843.2
Current portion	643.4
Long-term portion	11.9
Vendor financing | UPC Holding
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	210.6
2024	54.3
2025	0.0
Total vendor financing maturities	264.9
Current portion	264.9
Long-term portion	0.0
Vendor financing | Telenet
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	309.1
2024	40.1
2025	0.0
Total vendor financing maturities	349.2
Current portion	349.2
Long-term portion	0.0
Vendor financing | Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remainder of year)	24.6
2024	15.4
2025	1.2
Total vendor financing maturities	41.2
Current portion	29.3
Long-term portion	$ 11.9

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Debt (Vendor Financing Obligations) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Vendor Financing Obligation [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1	$ 13,370.2
Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing	(143.5)	$ (208.4)
Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing	(104.5)	(35.9)
Balance at March 31	14,758.7
Vendor financing
Vendor Financing Obligation [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1	704.7	843.2
Operating-related vendor financing additions	141.4	133.7
Capital-related vendor financing additions	42.3	66.7
Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing	(143.5)	(208.4)
Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing	(104.5)	(35.9)
Foreign currency and other	14.9	(9.7)
Balance at March 31	$ 655.3	$ 789.6

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Leases (Lease Balances) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Property, Plant, and Equipment and Finance Lease Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization		Property, Plant, and Equipment and Finance Lease Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Assets, Noncurrent		Other Assets, Noncurrent
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations (notes 9 and 10), Long-term debt and finance lease obligations		Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations (notes 9 and 10), Long-term debt and finance lease obligations
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Accrued Liabilities, Current		Other Accrued Liabilities, Current
ROU assets:
Finance leases	$ 373.0		$ 377.6
Operating leases	1,729.7		1,724.4
Total ROU assets	2,102.7		2,102.0
Lease liabilities:
Finance lease	450.8		436.1
Operating leases	1,788.8		1,791.1
Total lease liabilities	$ 2,239.6		$ 2,227.2
Weighted average remaining lease term for finance leases	21 years 6 months
Weighted average discount rate, for finance leases	6.10%
ROU assets associated with finance leases	$ 7.3	$ 8.7
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases	12 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted average discount rate, for operating leases	5.70%
Addition to ROU assets associated with operating leases	$ 25.0	$ 51.2

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Leases (Lease Expense and Cash Outflows from Operating and Finance Leases) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Finance lease expense:
Depreciation and amortization	$ 17.3	$ 16.5
Interest expense	6.2	6.5
Total finance lease expense	23.5	23.0
Operating lease expense	59.3	51.7
Short-term lease expense	1.1	1.1
Variable lease expense	0.4	1.1
Total lease expense	84.3	76.9
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	59.9	78.3
Operating cash outflows from finance leases (interest component)	6.2	6.5
Financing cash outflows from finance leases (principal component)	2.4	17.8
Total cash outflows from operating and finance leases	$ 68.5	$ 102.6

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Leases (Maturities of Operating and Financing Lease Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating leases
2023 (remainder of year)	$ 171.2
2024	223.6
2025	209.9
2026	197.0
2027	188.5
2028	184.1
Thereafter	1,393.6
Total payments	2,567.9
Less: present value discount	(779.1)
Present value of lease payments	1,788.8	$ 1,791.1
Current portion	148.3
Long-term portion	1,640.5	1,645.9
Finance leases
2023 (remainder of year)	100.8
2024	69.8
2025	64.6
2026	58.5
2027	53.3
2028	45.8
Thereafter	190.6
Total payments	583.4
Less: present value discount	(132.6)
Present value of lease payments	450.8	$ 436.1
Current portion	89.0
Long-term portion	$ 361.8

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Income Taxes (Reconciliation of Federal to Effective Taxes) (Schedule) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accrued Income Taxes [Abstract]
Computed “expected” tax benefit (expense)	$ 164.7	$ (219.8)
Non-deductible or non-taxable foreign currency exchange results	(88.2)	128.2
Basis and other differences in the treatment of items associated with investments in subsidiaries and affiliates	(76.6)	62.2
Non-deductible or non-taxable interest and other expenses	(26.1)	(32.2)
Valuation allowance	19.7	13.9
International rate differences	(4.4)	(40.9)
Other, net	(1.6)	7.4
Total income tax expense	$ (12.5)	$ (81.2)

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Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Oct. 07, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Unrecognized tax benefits		$ 442.7
UTB that would impact effective tax rate		$ 345.4
Income tax penalties and interest expense	$ 110.0
Tax Year 2018 | Income Tax Contingency
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Damages sought	$ 284.0

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Equity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchased (in shares)	430,000
Average price paid per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.46
Class C
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchased (in shares)	10,812,400
Average price paid per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 21.17
Aggregate purchase price | $	$ 236.8
Class A and Class C
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase, remaining authorized amount (in shares)	34,700,000
Stock repurchase, remaining authorized amount | $	$ 691.9

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Share-based Compensation (Share-Based Compensation Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 43.8	$ 51.4
Percent of annual incentive compensation receivable in shares	100.00%
Other operating expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 2.2	0.3
SG&A expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	41.6	51.1
Liberty Global
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	36.0	49.1
Non-performance based incentive awards | Liberty Global
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	29.2	33.0
Performance-based incentive awards | Liberty Global
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	0.0	7.1
Other | Liberty Global
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	6.8	9.0
Other
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 7.8	$ 2.3

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Share-based Compensation (Awards Outstanding and Exercisable) (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Held by Liberty Global employees: | Options and SARs | Class A
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding (in shares)	27,397,121
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise or base price (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 26.18
Options exercisable (in shares)	18,003,373
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price or base price (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 28.13
Held by Liberty Global employees: | Options and SARs | Class C
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding (in shares)	65,090,831
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise or base price (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 25.40
Options exercisable (in shares)	38,720,987
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price or base price (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 27.04
Held by Liberty Global employees: | RSUs | Class A
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Other than options outstanding (in shares)	3,171,336
Held by Liberty Global employees: | RSUs | Class C
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Other than options outstanding (in shares)	6,898,733
Held by former Liberty Global employees | Options and SARs | Class A
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding (in shares)	1,623,956
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise or base price (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 31.56
Options exercisable (in shares)	1,540,291
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price or base price (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 32.09
Held by former Liberty Global employees | Options and SARs | Class C
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding (in shares)	3,531,628
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise or base price (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 30.17
Options exercisable (in shares)	3,364,330
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price or base price (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 30.59
Held by former Liberty Global employees | RSUs | Class A
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Other than options outstanding (in shares)	34,359
Held by former Liberty Global employees | RSUs | Class C
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Other than options outstanding (in shares)	68,701

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Earnings (Loss) per Share (Schedules) (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (basic EPS computation) (in shares)	454,394,944	520,320,152
Incremental shares attributable to the assumed exercise or release of outstanding share-based incentive awards upon vesting (treasury stock method) (in shares)	0	12,364,920
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding (diluted EPS computation) (in shares)	454,394,944	532,685,072

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Earnings (Loss) per Share (Narrative) (Details) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Aggregate number of shares excluded from computation of EPS (in shares)	111.1	56.8

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Earnings (Loss) per Share (Net Earnings (Loss) From Continuing Operations) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$ (713.5)	$ 1,075.7
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	(7.9)	(72.0)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Global shareholders	$ (721.4)	$ 1,003.7

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Commitments and Contingencies (Unrecorded Purchase Obligation) (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	$ 816.5
2024	663.3
2025	445.1
2026	258.8
2027	123.4
2028	98.6
Thereafter	857.6
Total	3,263.3
Network and connectivity commitments
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	224.9
2024	184.4
2025	128.1
2026	78.1
2027	73.6
2028	71.7
Thereafter	766.1
Total	1,526.9
Purchase commitments
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	351.9
2024	178.8
2025	51.8
2026	14.4
2027	1.1
2028	0.2
Thereafter	0.0
Total	598.2
Programming commitments
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	141.4
2024	145.8
2025	104.6
2026	42.5
2027	20.1
2028	0.0
Thereafter	0.0
Total	454.4
Other commitments
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	98.3
2024	154.3
2025	160.6
2026	123.8
2027	28.6
2028	26.7
Thereafter	91.5
Total	$ 683.8

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Commitments and Contingencies (Narrative) (Details) SFr in Millions, € in Billions	1 Months Ended				3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2023 CHF (SFr)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Programming costs					$ 154,100,000	$ 145,000,000
Percentage of amounts recovered					50.00%
Percentage of net present value, cost savings					50.00%
Percentage of legal and other third party, fees					50.00%
Interkabel Acquisition
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Damages sought			$ 1,500,000,000	€ 1.4
Loss contingency accrual					$ 0
Swisscom MVNO Matter
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Damages sought	$ 98,000,000	SFr 90

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Segment Reporting (Summary of the Impact on the Adjusted EBITDA) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to revenue	$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA	0.0	0.0
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions	0.0	0.0
Central and Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to revenue	57.4	60.0
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA	38.8	32.2
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions	0.0	0.0
Intersegment eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to revenue	(57.4)	(60.0)
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA	(15.0)	(15.7)
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions	(15.0)	(15.7)
Operating Segments | Switzerland
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA	(15.7)	(10.4)
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions	5.5	5.8
Operating Segments | Belgium
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA	(2.2)	(2.3)
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions	6.9	7.2
Operating Segments | Ireland
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to Adjusted EBITDA	(5.9)	(3.8)
Increase (decrease) to property and equipment additions	$ 2.6	$ 2.7

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Segment Reporting (Narrative) (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Performance measures, percentage of reportable segment revenue and operating cash flow presented	100.00%
VMO2 JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50.00%
VodafoneZiggo JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50.00%
VodafoneZiggo JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percentage of minority interest revenues and expenses included in net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest	100.00%
Telenet
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percentage of minority interest revenues and expenses included in net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest	100.00%

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Segment Reporting (Performance Measures) (Schedule) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,868.4	$ 1,853.3
Adjusted EBITDA	624.5	684.3
VMO2 JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	3,162.7
VMO2 JV | Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	1,025.9	1,395.3
VodafoneZiggo JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	1,083.4	1,130.0
VodafoneZiggo JV | Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	471.5	537.8
Operating Segments | Switzerland
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	807.4	821.4
Adjusted EBITDA	263.0	290.8
Operating Segments | Belgium
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	754.5	724.4
Adjusted EBITDA	302.9	338.1
Operating Segments | Ireland
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	123.0	127.8
Adjusted EBITDA	41.5	47.1
Central and Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	244.5	241.4
Adjusted EBITDA	32.1	24.8
Intersegment eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	(61.0)	(61.7)
Adjusted EBITDA	$ (15.0)	$ (16.5)

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Segment Reporting (Reconciliation of Consolidated Segment Adjusted EBITDA) (Schedule) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting, Measurement Disclosures [Abstract]
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$ (713.5)	$ 1,075.7
Income tax expense	12.5	81.2
Other income, net	(43.9)	(11.9)
Share of results of affiliates, net	238.6	(230.5)
Realized and unrealized losses due to changes in fair values of certain investments, net	5.5	93.4
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	302.9	(575.0)
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivative instruments, net	34.4	(508.3)
Interest expense	200.9	134.2
Operating income	37.4	58.8
Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net	16.4	9.4
Depreciation and amortization	526.9	564.7
Share-based compensation expense	43.8	51.4
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 624.5	$ 684.3

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Segment Reporting (Capital Expenditures of Reportable Segments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total property and equipment additions	$ 389.9	$ 381.9
Assets acquired under capital-related vendor financing arrangements	(42.3)	(66.7)
Assets acquired under finance leases	(7.3)	(8.7)
Changes in current liabilities related to capital expenditures	36.9	66.3
Total capital expenditures, net	377.2	372.8
VMO2 JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment additions:	590.6	659.3
VodafoneZiggo JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment additions:	250.4	220.4
Operating Segments | Switzerland
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total property and equipment additions	149.0	149.3
Operating Segments | Belgium
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total property and equipment additions	173.0	158.5
Operating Segments | Ireland
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total property and equipment additions	33.1	29.2
Central and Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total property and equipment additions	49.8	60.6
Intersegment eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total property and equipment additions	$ (15.0)	$ (15.7)

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Segment Reporting (Revenue by Major Category) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,868.4	$ 1,853.3
Total residential fixed revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	732.1	762.5
Total subscription revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	724.8	750.6
Broadband internet
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	359.5	360.2
Video
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	273.2	286.5
Fixed-line telephony
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	92.1	103.9
Non-subscription revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	7.3	11.9
Total residential revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	1,222.4	1,261.0
Total residential mobile revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	490.3	498.5
Subscription revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	356.4	353.2
Non-subscription revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	133.9	145.3
Total B2B revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	357.2	354.3
Subscription revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	133.4	132.9
Non-subscription revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	223.8	221.4
Other revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 288.8	$ 238.0

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Segment Reporting (Geographic Segments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,868.4	$ 1,853.3
VMO2 JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	3,162.7
VodafoneZiggo JV
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	1,083.4	1,130.0
Operating Segments | Switzerland
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	807.4	821.4
Operating Segments | Belgium
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	716.6	724.4
Operating Segments | Ireland
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	123.0	127.8
Operating Segments | Slovakia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	13.3	12.9
Other, including intersegment eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 208.1	$ 166.8

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Subsequent Event (Details) - Subsequent Event - LGBH Credit Facility € in Billions, $ in Billions	Apr. 11, 2023 EUR (€)	Apr. 11, 2023 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	€ 1.0	$ 1.1
EURIBOR
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Floor rate	0.00%	0.00%
EURIBOR | First Year
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	4.00%
EURIBOR | Second Year
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	4.50%
EURIBOR | Third Year
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	5.25%