Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared on a consistent basis with the annual financial statements and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. Pursuant to these SEC rules and regulations, the Company has condensed or omitted certain financial information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the interim periods. The interim results presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2019 or for any other interim period.

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements and related disclosures should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC on March 20, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and disclosures made in the accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates, judgments, and assumptions. Management considers many factors in selecting appropriate financial accounting policies and controls and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of these financial statements. Management must apply significant judgment in this process. In addition, other factors may affect estimates, including expected business and operational changes, sensitivity and volatility associated with the assumptions used in developing estimates, and whether historical trends are expected to be representative of future trends. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes, and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates.

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates the most significant estimates, including those related to net revenue, allowance for doubtful accounts, the fair values of financial instruments, intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets, inventory valuation, lease liabilities, and royalty obligations, among others. Although the Company bases these estimates on historical experience, knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, this process may result in actual results differing materially from those estimated amounts used in the preparation of the financial statements.

Risk and Uncertainties

The Company received regulatory approval from the FDA and Health Canada to commercialize Jeuveau^®. The Company commercially launched Jeuveau^® in the United States in May 2019 and, as such, has a limited history of sales. Jeuveau^® also requires regulatory approval from the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) and other similar regulatory authorities prior to commercial sales in the related jurisdictions. If any previously granted approval is retracted or the Company is denied approval or approval is delayed by any other regulators, it may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and its financial statements.

The Company is subject to risks common to early stage companies in the pharmaceutical industry including, but not limited to, dependency on the clinical and commercial success of Jeuveau^® and any future product candidates, ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval of Jeuveau^® and any future product candidates in the jurisdictions where approval is sought, the need for substantial additional financing to achieve its goals, uncertainty of broad adoption of its approved products, if any, by physicians and patients, significant competition and untested manufacturing capabilities.

In 2013, Evolus and Daewoong Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Daewoong”) entered into an agreement (the “Daewoong Agreement”), pursuant to which, the Company has an exclusive distribution license to Jeuveau^® from Daewoong for aesthetic indications in the United States, European Union, Canada, Australia, Russia, Commonwealth of Independent States, and South Africa, as well as co-exclusive distribution rights with Daewoong in Japan. Jeuveau^® is manufactured by Daewoong in a facility in South Korea. The Company also has the option to negotiate first with Daewoong to secure a distribution license for any product that Daewoong directly or indirectly develops or commercializes that is classified as an injectable botulinum toxin (other than Jeuveau®) in a territory covered by the Daewoong Agreement. The Company relies on Daewoong, its exclusive and sole supplier, to manufacture Jeuveau^®. Any termination or loss of significant rights, including exclusivity, under the Daewoong Agreement would materially and adversely affect the Company’s commercialization of Jeuveau^®. The Daewoong Agreement, and Daewoong’s rights relating to Jeuveau^®, are subject to litigation. See Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies for additional information regarding such litigation.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker. The Company has determined that it operates in a single operating and reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer who manages operations and reviews the financial information as a single operating segment for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating its financial performance.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with remaining maturities at purchase of three months or less that can be liquidated without prior notice or penalty. Cash and cash equivalents may include deposits, money market funds, and debt securities. Amounts receivable from credit card issuers are typically converted to cash within two to four days of the original sales transaction and are considered to be cash equivalents.

Short-Term Investments

Short-term investments as of June 30, 2019 consisted of available-for-sale U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than twelve months. These investments are recorded at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive loss in the Company’s condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest expense using the effective interest method over the terms of the securities. Realized gains and losses and declines in fair value that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss using the specific-identification method. The Company periodically reviews all available-for-sale securities for other than temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company also evaluates whether it has plans or is required to sell short-term investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases. To date, the Company has not identified any other than temporary declines in fair value of its short-term investments.

Inventories

As of June 30, 2019, inventories consist of finished goods held for sale and distribution. Cost is determined using the first‑in, first‑out method. Inventory valuation reserves are established based on a number of factors including, but not limited to finished goods not meeting product specifications, product excess and obsolescence, or application of the lower of cost or net realizable value concepts. The determination of events requiring the establishment of inventory valuation reserves, together with the calculation of the amount of such reserves may require judgment. No material inventory valuation reserves have been recorded for the periods presented. Adverse changes in assumptions utilized in the Company’s inventory reserve calculations could result in an increase to its inventory valuation reserves.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in a principal market on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The fair value hierarchy defines a three-tiered valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement is classified and disclosed by the Company in one of the three categories as follows:


•	Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;


•	Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and


•	Level 3—Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are unobservable that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company performs an annual qualitative assessment of its goodwill in the fourth quarter of each calendar year to determine if any events or circumstances exist, such as an adverse change in business climate or a decline in the overall industry demand, that would indicate that it would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount, including goodwill. If events or circumstances do not indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount, then goodwill is not considered to be impaired and no further testing is required. If further testing is required, the Company performs a two-step process. The first step involves comparing the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the test is performed by comparing the carrying value of the goodwill in the reporting unit to its implied fair value. An impairment charge is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of goodwill over its implied fair value.

Intangible Assets

Upon FDA approval of Jeuveau^® on February 1, 2019, in process research and development (“IPR&D”) related to Jeuveau^® was evaluated as completed and reclassified to a definite-lived distribution right intangible asset, which is amortized over the period the asset is expected to contribute to the future cash flows of the Company. The Company determined the pattern of this intangible asset’s future cash flows could not be readily determined with a high level of precision. As a result, the distribution right intangible asset is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 20 years.

The Company capitalizes certain internal-use software costs associated with the development of its mobile and web-based customer platforms. These costs include personnel expenses and external costs that are directly associated with the software projects. These costs are included as intangible assets in the accompanying condensed balance sheets. The capitalized internal-use software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of two years upon being placed in service in May 2019.

The Company reviews long-term and identifiable definite-lived intangible assets or asset groups for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset or an asset group, further impairment analysis is performed. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset groups exceeds the fair value (assets to be held and used) or fair value less cost to sell (assets to be disposed of). The Company also reviews the useful lives of its assets periodically to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining useful life. Changes in the useful life are adjusted prospectively by revising the remaining period over which the asset is amortized. There has been no material impairment of long-lived assets for any periods presented.

Leases

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02 as adopted on January 1, 2019, at the inception of a contractual arrangement, the Company determines whether the contract contains a lease by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration over a period of time. If both criteria are met, upon lease commencement, the Company records a lease liability which represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, and a corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset which represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term. Operating lease assets and liabilities are included in ROU assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and noncurrent operating lease liabilities in the accompanying condensed balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate applicable to the underlying asset, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made at or before lease commencement and exclude any lease incentives received, if any. The Company determines the lease term as the noncancellable period of the lease, and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company’s leases do not contain any residual value guarantees. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the condensed balance sheets. For operating leases, the Company recognized rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. There are no significant finance leases as of June 30, 2019.

Contingent Royalty Obligation Payable to the Evolus Founders

The Company determines the fair value of the contingent royalty obligation payable at each reporting period based on Level 3 inputs using a discounted cash flows method. Changes in the fair value of this contingent royalty obligation are determined each period end and recorded in operating expenses in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive loss and as a liability in the balance sheets. In the second quarter of 2019, the Evolus Founders ceased to be related parties and the respective captions on the accompanying condensed financial statements were updated to reflect this change.

Contingent Promissory Note Payable to Evolus Founders

On February 12, 2018, the Company recognized a contingent promissory note payable at present value using a discount rate for similar rated debt securities based on an estimated date that the Company believed the contingent promissory note will mature. Accretion related to the contingent promissory note is recorded in interest expense in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss with a corresponding increase to the non-current liabilities in the balance sheets. In the second quarter of 2019, the Evolus Founders ceased to be related parties and the respective captions on the accompanying condensed financial statements were updated to reflect this change.

Long-Term Debt

The Company recorded borrowings classified as long-term debt in the accompanying condensed balance sheets. Debt issuance costs represent legal, lender, and consulting costs or fees associated with debt financing. Debt discounts and issuance costs are allocated pro rata between the funded and unfunded portions of the debt and are accreted to interest expense

Revenue Recognition

The Company has applied Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), to account for revenue generated since the commercial launch of Jeuveau^® in May 2019.

General

The Company generates all of its revenue from the sale of Jeuveau^® in the United States.

Under ASC 606, the Company recognized revenue when control of the promised goods under a contract is transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods as specified in the customer contract. The transfer of control occurs upon receipt of the goods by the customer since that is when the customer has obtained control of the goods’ economic benefits. The Company does not provide any service-type warranties and does not accept product returns except under limited circumstances such as damages in transit or ineffective product. The Company also excludes any amounts related to taxes assessed by governmental authorities from revenue measurement. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound product freight are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in selling, general, and marketing expenses in the accompanying condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company’s disaggregation of revenue is consistent with its operating segments as disclosed above, and all of the Company’s net sales are considered revenue from contracts with customers.

Gross-to-Net Revenue Adjustments

The Company provides customers with trade and volume discounts and prompt pay discounts that are directly reflected in the invoice price. Revenues are recorded net of sales-related adjustments, wherever applicable, for rebates and coupon programs.


•	Rebates - Volume rebates are contractually offered to certain customers. Generally, the rebates payable to each customer are determined objectively based on the contract and quarterly purchase volumes.

•

Coupons - The Company implemented a program by which customers receive coupons redeemable into gift cards funded by the Company for the benefit of patients. The coupons are accounted for as variable consideration. The Company currently does not have sufficient historical data to estimate the coupon redemption rates. Accordingly, the coupons are fully accrued based on contract terms and the volume of products purchased and recorded as a reduction to revenues on product delivery.

Contract balances

A contract with a customer states the final terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product purchased. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to consideration becomes unconditional. As payment terms are short-term, the Company does not consider any significant financing components in customer contracts given the expected time between transfer of the promised products and the payment of the associated consideration is less than one year. As of June 30, 2019, all amounts included in accounts receivable, net on the condensed balance sheets are related to contracts with customers.

The Company did not have any contract assets nor unbilled receivables as of June 30, 2019. Sales commissions are included in selling, general and administrative expenses when incurred.

Contract liabilities reflect estimated amounts that the Company is obligated to pay to customers or patients under the rebates and coupon programs. The Company’s contract liabilities are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the condensed balance sheets.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not recognize any revenue related to changes in transaction prices regarding its contracts with customers and did not recognize any material changes in revenue related to amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period.

Collectability

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. At the time of contract inception or new customer account set-up, the Company performs a collectability assessment of the customer’s creditworthiness. The Company assesses the probability that the Company will collect the entitled consideration in exchange for the goods sold, by considering the customer’s ability and intention to pay when consideration is due. On a recurring basis, the Company estimates the amount of receivables considered uncollectable to reflect an allowance for doubtful accounts. There was no significant provision for allowance of doubtful accounts during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Practical Expedients

The Company expenses sales commissions when incurred as the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company does not adjust the amount of promised consideration for the effects of the time value of money for contracts in which the anticipated period between when the Company transfers the goods or services to the customer and when the customer pays within one year.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for employees, consultants, and members of the Board of Directors based on the fair value at the date of grant.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value stock option grants. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, expected risk-free interest rate, and the option’s expected life. The fair value of the Company’s restricted stock units (“RSUs”) are based on the fair value on the grant date of the Company’s common stock. The Company also evaluates the impact of modifications made to the original terms of equity awards when they occur.

The fair value of equity awards that are expected to vest is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized net of actual forfeitures when they occur, as an increase to additional paid-in capital in the balance sheets and in the selling, general and administrative or research and development expenses in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating a tax provision or benefit for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded a benefit for income taxes of $0.2 million and $14.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and did not record a significant tax provision or benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. The Company’s ETR differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily as a result of the impact of a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.

A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred tax assets, to reduce the net carrying value, when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the amount of the valuation allowance. When the Company establishes or reduces the valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, its provision for income taxes will increase or decrease, respectively, in the period such determination is made.

As of each reporting date, the Company considers evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2018, the deferred tax assets were primarily the result of U.S. net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, and a valuation allowance of $34.5 million was recorded against the gross deferred tax asset balance. Upon FDA approval of Jeuveau^® in February 2019, the Company’s IPR&D intangible asset was reclassified to a definite-lived distribution right intangible assets. As a result, management determined that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets became realizable due to the future reversals of the deferred tax liability associated with such intangible asset. Accordingly, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company released $0.2 million and $14.8 million of its valuation allowance, respectively.

Additionally, the Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit recognized in the financial statements for a particular tax position is based on the largest benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement. Accordingly, the Company establishes reserves for uncertain tax positions.

In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, the Company’s accounting for the elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was complete as of December 31, 2018 and no adjustments were made to the original provisional estimate recorded in 2017.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period including contingently issuable shares. Diluted earnings per share is based on the treasury stock method and includes the effect from potential issuance of ordinary shares, such as shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock units. Because the impact of the options and non-vested RSUs are anti-dilutive during periods of net loss, there was no difference between the weighted-average number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted net loss per common share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. Excluded from the dilutive net loss per share computation were 4,019,341 stock options and 185,383 non-vested RSUs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of stockholders' equity for interim financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of stockholders' equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. This final rule was effective on November 5, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In July 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2018-09, Codification Improvements, which clarifies certain amendments to guidance that may have been incorrectly or inconsistently applied by certain entities and includes Amendments to Subtopic 718-740, Compensation - Stock Compensation - Income Taxes. The guidance in paragraph 718-740-35-2, as amended by the amendments in ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, is unclear on whether an entity should recognize excess tax benefits (or tax deficiencies) for compensation expense that is taken on the entity’s tax return. The amendment to paragraph 718-740-35-2 in this update clarifies that an entity should recognize excess tax benefits in the period in which the amount of deduction is determined. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2019, and such adoption did not have a material impact on its financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting, which amends the financial reporting for stock-based payments issued to nonemployees and also expands the scope of ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, to also include stock-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods and services. The amendment substantially aligns accounting for stock-based payments to employees and nonemployees. The Company early adopted the guidance in the quarter ended December 31, 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 and its related amendments which introduced Leases (Topic 842, or “ASC 842”), a new comprehensive lease accounting model that supersedes the current lease guidance under Leases (Topic 840). The new accounting standard requires lessees to recognize ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities for all leases with lease terms of greater than 12 months. It also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB added a transition option for implementation that allows companies to continue to use the legacy guidance in ASC 840, Leases, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2019. The Company elected the transition package of three practical expedients and elected the optional transition method that allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption, without a restatement of prior periods. Further, the Company elected a short-term lease exception policy, permitting the Company to not apply the recognition requirements of this standard to short-term leases (i.e. leases with terms of 12 months or less) and an accounting policy to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for certain classes of assets. As a result of the adoption, the Company adjusted its beginning balance of 2019 by recording operating lease ROU assets and liabilities through a cumulative-effect adjustment. The adoption impacted the accompanying condensed balance sheet, but did not have an impact on the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 on the accompanying condensed balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018		Adjustments Due to the Adoption of ASC 842		January 1, 2019
Right-of-use assets*
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	—	$	1,029	$	1,029
Operating lease liabilities
Current	$	—	$	916	$	916
Noncurrent	$	—	$	138	$	138
__________________
* Operating lease right-of-use assets includes deferred rent of $25,000.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606, which requires transactions in collaborative arrangements to be accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, if the counter-party is a customer for a good or service that is a distinct unit of account. The amendments also preclude entities from presenting consideration from transactions with a collaborator that is not a customer together with revenue recognized from contracts with customers. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods during the year ending December 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including in any interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements (i.e., hosting arrangements) to be capitalized under the same premises of authoritative guidance for internal-use software, and deferred over the noncancellable term of the cloud computing arrangements plus any option renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised by the customer or for which the exercise is controlled by the service provider. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods during the year ending December 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of determining the effects the adoption will have on its financial statements as well as whether to early adopt the new guidance.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The update is part of the disclosure framework project and eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements, requires entities to disclose new information, and modifies existing disclosure requirements. Under the new guidance, entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, or valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. However, public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and related changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods during the year ending December 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this change will have on its financial statements as well as whether to early adopt the new guidance.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The update simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing step two of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The update is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The standard requires prospective application. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of this standard on its financial statements and related disclosures as well as whether to early adopt the new guidance.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which modifies the measurement and recognition of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. The new standard requires the use of forward-looking expected credit loss models based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount, which may result in earlier recognition of credit losses under the new standard. The new guidance also modifies the impairment models for available-for-sale debt securities and for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments -Credit Losses. This ASU does not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13, instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within the credit losses standard. The FASB also subsequently issued ASU 2019-04 which did not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13 but clarified that expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off should be included in the valuation account and should not exceed amounts previously written off and expected to be written off. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those periods, and early adoption is permitted. This will be effective for the Company during the first quarter of 2020. The Company is in the process of determining the effects the adoption will have on its financial statements and reviewing credit loss models to assess the impact of the adoption of the standard on the financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the SEC did not, or are not believed by management to, have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial position, results of operations or cash flows.