Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

The consolidated financial statements include the financial position and results of operations of the Company, the Operating Partnership, its wholly owned subsidiaries, and any interests in variable interest entities where the Company has been determined to be the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed. Such estimates are based on management’s historical experience and best judgment after considering past, current and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ from management’s estimates.

Segments

Segment information is prepared on the same basis that management reviews information for operational decision-making purposes. Management evaluates the performance of each of the Company’s properties individually and aggregates such properties into segments based on their economic characteristics and classes of tenants. The Company operates in four business segments: (i) office real estate, (ii) retail real estate, (iii) multifamily residential real estate and (iv) general contracting and real estate services. The Company’s general contracting and real estate services business develops and builds properties for its own account and also provides construction and development services to both related and third parties.

Revenue Recognition

Rental Revenues

The Company leases its properties under operating leases and recognizes base rents when earned on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rental revenues include $1.1 million, $1.9 million and $2.2 million of straight-line rent adjustments for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016. The Company begins recognizing rental revenue when the tenant has the right to take possession of or controls the physical use of the property under lease. The extended collection period for accrued straight-line rental revenue along with the Company’s evaluation of tenant credit risk may result in the nonrecognition of all or a portion of straight-line rental revenue until the collection of such revenue is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes contingent rental revenue (e.g., percentage rents based on tenant sales thresholds) when the sales thresholds are met. Contingent rents included in rental revenues were $0.1 million for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016. The Company recognizes leasing incentives as reductions to rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leasing incentive amortization for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 was $0.8 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The Company recognizes fair value adjustments recorded at the time of lease assumption in rental income on a straight line basis as a reduction to revenue over the remaining life of the lease or any renewal periods for which the Company determines have value at the time of acquisition. The Company recognizes cost reimbursement revenue for real estate taxes, operating expenses and common area maintenance costs on an accrual basis during the periods in which the expenses are incurred. The Company recognizes lease termination fees either upon termination or amortizes them over any remaining lease term.

General Contracting and Real Estate Services Revenues

The Company recognizes general contracting revenue on construction contracts using the percentage-of-completion method. Under this method, the Company recognizes revenue and an estimated profit as construction contract costs are incurred based on the proportion of incurred costs to total estimated construction contract costs at completion. Construction contract costs include all direct material, labor and subcontract costs as well as any indirect costs related to contract performance. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized immediately in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Profit incentives are included in revenues when their realization is probable and when they can be reasonably estimated.

The Company recognizes real estate services revenues from property development and management when realized and earned, generally as such services are provided. Multiple contracts with a single counterparty are not combined into a single contract for the revenue recognition purposes.

Real Estate Investments

Income producing property primarily includes land, buildings and tenant improvements and is stated at cost. Real estate investments held for development include land and capitalized development costs. The Company reclassifies real estate investments held for development to construction in progress upon commencement of construction. Construction in progress is stated at cost. Direct and certain indirect costs clearly associated with the development, redevelopment, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate assets are capitalized as a cost of the property. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company capitalizes direct and indirect project costs associated with the initial construction of a property until the property is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized project costs include preacquisition development and preconstruction costs including overhead, salaries and related costs of personnel directly involved, real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, ground rent and interest. Interest capitalized during each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 was $1.0 million, $1.0 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Overhead, salaries and related personnel costs capitalized during each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 were $1.7 million, $2.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

The Company capitalizes preacquisition development costs directly identifiable with specific properties when the acquisition of such properties is probable. Capitalized preacquisition development costs are presented within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized preacquisition development costs as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $1.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Costs attributable to unsuccessful projects are expensed.

The Company recognizes real estate development grants from state and local governments as reductions to the carrying amounts of the related real estate investments when any attached conditions are satisfied and when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received.

Income producing property is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:



Buildings	39 years
Capital improvements	15—20 years
Equipment	5—15 years
Tenant improvements	Term of the related lease
	(or estimated useful life, if shorter)

Operating Property Acquisitions

In connection with operating property acquisitions, the Company identifies and recognizes all assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values or relative fair values subsequent to the adoption of the new accounting guidance discussed below, as of the acquisition date. The purchase price allocations to tangible assets, such as land, site improvements and buildings and improvements are presented within income producing property in the consolidated balance sheets and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Acquired lease intangibles are presented within other assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and amortized over their respective lease terms. The Company amortizes in-place lease assets as depreciation and amortization expense on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the related leases. The Company amortizes above-market lease assets as reductions to rental revenues on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the related leases. The Company amortizes below-market lease liabilities as increases to rental revenues on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the related leases. The Company amortizes below-market ground lease assets as increases to rental expenses on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the related leases. Prior to October 1, 2016, the Company expensed all costs incurred related to operating property acquisitions. On October 1, 2016, the Company adopted newly issued accounting guidance that allows capitalization of costs related to operating property acquisitions that do not meet the definition of a business under the new guidance discussed below under "Recent Accounting Pronouncements".

The Company values land based on a market approach, looking to recent sales of similar properties, adjusting for differences due to location, the state of entitlement as well as the shape and size of the parcel. Improvements to land are valued using a replacement cost approach. The approach applies industry standard replacement costs adjusted for geographic specific considerations and reduced by estimated depreciation. The value of buildings acquired is estimated using the replacement cost approach, assuming the buildings were vacant at acquisition. The replacement cost approach considers the composition of the structures acquired, adjusted for an estimate of depreciation. The estimate of depreciation is made considering industry standard information and depreciation curves for the identified asset classes. The value of acquired lease intangibles considers the estimated cost of leasing the properties as if the acquired buildings were vacant, as well as the value of the current leases relative to market-rate leases. The in-place lease value is determined using an estimated total lease-up time and lost rental revenues during such time. The value of current leases relative to market-rate leases is based on market rents obtained for market comparables. Given the significance of unobservable inputs used in the valuation of acquired real estate assets, the Company classifies them as Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company values debt assumed in connection with operating property acquisitions based on a discounted cash flow analysis of the expected cash flows of the debt. Such analysis considers the contractual terms of the debt, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate information as of the acquisition date. The Company also considers credit valuation adjustments for potential nonperformance risk. The Company classifies the inputs used to value debt assumed in connection with operating property acquisitions as Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy as they are predominantly observable and market-based.

Real Estate Investments Held for Sale

Real estate assets classified as held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or their fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Once a property is classified as held for sale, it is no longer depreciated. A property is classified as held for sale when: (i) senior management commits to a plan to sell the property, (ii) the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to conditions usual and customary for such sales, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell have been initiated, (iv) the sale is expected to be completed within one year, (v) the property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value and (vi) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

The Company classified the Richmond Tower office building as held for sale as of December 31, 2015. No properties were held for sale as of December 31, 2016.

Impairment of Long Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its real estate assets for impairment on a property by property basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If such an evaluation is necessary, the Company compares the carrying amount of any such real estate asset with the undiscounted expected future cash flows that are directly associated with, and that are expected to arise as a direct result of, its use and eventual disposition. If the carrying amount of a real estate asset exceeds the associated estimate of undiscounted expected future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the real estate asset’s carrying value to its fair value. Impairment charges recognized during each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 represent unamortized leasing or acquired intangible assets related to vacated tenants.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits, investments in money market funds and investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents amounts held by lenders for real estate taxes, insurance and reserves for capital improvements. The Company presents changes in cash restricted for real estate taxes and insurance as operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company presents changes in cash restricted for capital improvements as investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable include amounts from tenants for base rents, contingent rents and cost reimbursements as well as accrued straight-line rental revenue. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, accrued straight-line rental revenue presented within accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets was $12.3 million and $20.3 million, respectively.

The Company’s evaluation of the collectability of accounts receivable and the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based primarily upon evaluations of individual receivables, current economic conditions, historical experience and other relevant factors. The Company establishes reserves for tenant receivables outstanding over 90 days. For all such tenants, the Company also reserves any related accrued straight-line rental revenue. Additional reserves are recorded for more current amounts, as applicable, when the Company has determined collectability to be doubtful. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the allowance for doubtful accounts was not significant. The Company presents bad debt expense within rental expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Notes Receivable

From time to time, the Company may provide financing to third parties in the form of mortgage or mezzanine loans for the development of new real estate. Mezzanine loans are secured, in part, by pledges of ownership interests of the entities that own the underlying real estate. The Company evaluates the collectability of both the interest on and principal of each of its notes receivable based primarily upon the financial condition of the individual borrowers. A loan is determined to be impaired when, based upon current information, it is no longer probable that the Company will be able to collect all contractual amounts due from the borrower. The amount of impairment loss recognized is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the loan and its estimated realizable value.

Leasing Costs

Commissions paid by the Company to third parties to originate a lease are deferred and amortized as depreciation and amortization expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. Leasing costs are presented within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Leasing Incentives

Incentives paid by the Company to tenants are deferred and amortized as reductions to rental revenues on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. Leasing incentives are presented within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Debt Issuance Costs

Financing costs are deferred and amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt. Debt issuance costs are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability in the consolidated balance sheets.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company may enter into interest rate derivatives to manage exposure to interest rate risks. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company recognizes derivative financial instruments at fair value and presents them within other assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives that are neither designated nor qualify as hedging instruments are recognized within the change in fair value of interest rate derivatives caption in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the compensation cost of restricted stock awards based on the grant date fair value. The Company recognizes compensation cost for the vesting of restricted stock awards using the accelerated attribution method. Compensation cost associated with the vesting of restricted stock awards is presented within either general and administrative expenses or general contracting and real estate services expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized during each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 was $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation for personnel directly involved in the development and initial construction of a property is capitalized. During each of the three years ended December 31, 2016, the Company capitalized $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For continued qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to pay distributions to stockholders of at least 90% of annual taxable income, excluding net capital gains. As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to income tax on net income distributed as dividends to stockholders. The Company is subject to state and local income taxes in some jurisdictions and, in certain circumstances, may also be subject to federal excise taxes on undistributed income. In addition, certain of the Company’s activities must be conducted by subsidiaries that have elected to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) subject to both federal and state income taxes. The Operating Partnership conducts its development and construction businesses through the TRS. The related income tax provision or benefit attributable to the profits or losses of the TRS and any taxable income of the Company is reflected in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for deferred income tax in accordance with GAAP. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the carrying value of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the statutory rates expected to be applied in the periods in which those temporary differences are settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period of the change. A valuation allowance is recorded on the Company’s deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. When evaluating the realizability of the Company’s deferred tax assets, all evidence, both positive and negative is evaluated. Items considered in this analysis include the ability to carryback losses, the reversal of temporary differences, tax planning strategies and expectations of future earnings.

Under GAAP, the amount of tax benefit to be recognized is the amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. Management analyzes its tax filing positions in the U.S. federal, state and local jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns for all open tax years. If, based on this analysis, management determines that uncertainties in tax positions exist, a liability is established. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in the provision for income taxes. If recognized, the entire amount of unrecognized tax positions would be recorded as a reduction to the provision for income taxes.

Discontinued Operations

Disposals representing a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results are reported as discontinued operations.

Net Income Per Share and Unit

The Company calculates net income per share and unit based upon the weighted average shares and units outstanding. Diluted net income per share and unit is calculated after giving effect to all significant potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period include nonvested restricted stock awards. However, there were no significant potential dilutive shares or units outstanding for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016. As a result, basic and diluted outstanding shares and units were the same for all periods presented. See Note 11 for the changes in the Company’s nonvested restricted awards during each of the three years ended December 31, 2016.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company qualifies as an emerging growth company (“EGC”) pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act. An EGC may choose to take advantage of the extended private company transition period provided for complying with new or revised accounting standards that may be issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) or the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company has elected to opt out of such extended transition period. This election is irrevocable.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued a new standard that provides a single, comprehensive model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. While the new standard does not supersede the guidance on accounting for leases, it could change the way the Company recognizes revenue from construction and development contracts with third party customers. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company plans to adopt the new standard using the full retrospective method. A substantial portion of our revenue consists of rental revenues from leasing arrangements, such as base rent, which is specifically excluded from the revenue guidance. Non-lease components, such as tenant reimbursements for real estate taxes and common area maintenance will be subject to the revenue guidance. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new revenue standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On August 15, 2014, the FASB issued guidance that requires management to evaluate relevant conditions, events and certain management plans that are known or reasonably knowable as of the evaluation date in order to determine whether substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern exists. This new guidance states that substantial doubt exists when relevant conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate that it is probably that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued, or are available to be issued. The new guidance was applicable for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2016. Management performed its evaluation and determined that there was no substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued a new leases standard that requires lessees to recognize most leases in their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets. This guidance will specifically affect the ground leases where the Company is the lessee. The new standard also makes targeted changes to lessor accounting. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 and requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application with an option to use certain transition relief. For lease contracts with a duration of more than one year in which the Company is the lessee, the present value of future lease payments will be recognized on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new leases standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that will change the accounting for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. Entities will be required to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, and allows the Company to account for forfeitures as they occur. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On August 26, 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that addresses eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. This guidance should be applied retrospectively to each period presented. This new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On October 26, 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that updates the consolidation guidance on how a reporting entity that is a single decision maker of a variable interest entity ("VIE") should treat indirect interests in the entity held through related parties that are under common control with the reporting entity when determining whether it is the primary beneficiary of that VIE. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. Management does not expect the adoption of the new guidance to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

On November 17, 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that requires the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash and cash equivalents along with restricted cash and cash equivalents. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. This new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On January 5, 2017, the FASB issued new guidance that modifies the definition of a business. Under this new guidance, many real estate acquisitions will now be considered asset acquisitions, allowing costs associated with these acquisitions to be capitalized. Early adoption is permitted on a prospective basis for interim or annual periods for which the financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. The Company adopted this guidance on October 1, 2016, resulting in the capitalization of approximately $0.7 million of acquisition costs related to two acquisitions in the fourth quarter of 2016. If the Company had adopted this guidance on January 1, 2016, approximately $1.4 million in acquisition costs would have been capitalized.