In August 2018, the Company announced a new restructuring program (the “2018 Restructuring Program”) focused on reducing costs, improving operating margins and streamlining its management structure to create efficiencies and better align with its strategic business objectives. The 2018 Restructuring Program involved the elimination of approximately 125 positions during the third quarter of 2018 across the Company’s theme parks and its corporate headquarters. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded approximately $5.5 million in pre-tax restructuring charges primarily related to severance and other termination benefits, which is included in restructuring and other separation costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The Company will not incur any additional costs associated with the 2018 Restructuring Program as all continuing service obligations were completed as of December 31, 2018.

In October 2017 and December 2016, the Company executed two separate restructuring programs in an effort to reduce costs, increase efficiencies, reduce duplication of functions and improve the Company’s operations (the “2017 Restructuring Program” and the “2016 Restructuring Program”, respectively). The 2017 Restructuring Program involved the elimination of approximately 350 positions by the end of the fourth quarter of 2017 across certain of the Company’s theme parks and corporate headquarters. The 2016 Restructuring Program involved the elimination of approximately 320 positions across all of the Company’s theme parks and corporate headquarters. As a result, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded approximately $5.2 million and $8.9 million, respectively, in pre-tax restructuring charges primarily related to severance and other termination benefits, which is included in restructuring and other separation costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The Company will not incur any additional costs associated with the 2017 or the 2016 Restructuring Programs as all continuing service obligations were completed as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Liabilities related to the 2018, 2017 and 2016 Restructuring Programs as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are included in accrued salaries, wages and benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The 2018, 2017 and 2016 Restructuring Program activity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was as follows:

Severance and Other Employment Expenses	2016 Restructuring Program			2017 Restructuring Program			2018 Restructuring Program			Total
	(In thousands)
Liability as of December 31, 2016	$	7,842		$	—		$	—		$	7,842
Costs incurred		—			5,200			—			5,200
Reduction in estimated expenses		(572	)		—			—			(572	)
Payments made		(7,270	)		(3,966	)		—			(11,236	)
Liability as of December 31, 2017	$	—		$	1,234		$	—		$	1,234
Costs incurred		—			—			5,548			5,548
Payments made		—			(1,234	)		(5,011	)		(6,245	)
Liability as of December 31, 2018	$	—		$	—		$	537		$	537

The remaining liability as of December 31, 2018 primarily relates to restructuring and other separation costs to be paid as contractually obligated by December 31, 2019 and is included in accrued salaries, wages and benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Restructuring and other separation costs for the year ended December 31, 2018 also includes severance and other employment expenses for other positions not part of a larger restructuring program and includes certain executives who stepped down from their respective positions during 2018. In particular, on February 27, 2018, the Company announced that its President and Chief Executive Officer (the “Former CEO”) had stepped down from his position and resigned as a member of the Board. In connection with his departure, the Former CEO received a lump sum cash payment of approximately $6.7 million in severance-related benefits, in accordance with his employment agreement. Certain other executives who separated from the Company during the first half of 2018 also received severance-related benefits of approximately $3.8 million in accordance with the terms of their respective employment agreements or relevant company plan, as applicable. These severance expenses are included in restructuring and other separation costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2018, certain equity awards were accelerated to vest in connection with the departure of specific executives as required by their respective employment agreements. As a result, the Company recorded incremental non-cash equity compensation expense related to these awards, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). See Note 19–Equity-Based Compensation for further details.