Exhibit 99.1

News Release

AMH Reports Third Quarter 2023 Financial and Operating Results

Raises Full Year 2023 Core FFO per Share and Unit Guidance

LAS VEGAS, November 2, 2023—AMH (NYSE: AMH) (the “Company”), a leading large-scale integrated owner, operator and developer of single-family rental homes, today announced its financial and operating results for the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

Highlights

•Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 7.7% year-over-year to $421.7 million for the third quarter of 2023.

•Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $74.1 million, or $0.20 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $50.7 million, or $0.14 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2022.

•Core Funds from Operations (“Core FFO”) attributable to common share and unit holders increased 6.6% year-over-year to $0.41 per FFO share and unit for the third quarter of 2023 and Adjusted Funds from Operations (“Adjusted FFO”) attributable to common share and unit holders increased 7.1% year-over-year to $0.35 per FFO share and unit for the third quarter of 2023.

•Core Net Operating Income (“Core NOI”) from Same-Home properties increased by 3.2% year-over-year for the third quarter of 2023.

•Achieved Same-Home Average Occupied Days Percentage of 96.4% in the third quarter of 2023, while generating 7.2% rate growth on new leases.

•Delivered a total of 714 high-quality and energy-efficient newly constructed homes from our AMH Development Program to our wholly-owned portfolio and unconsolidated joint ventures in the third quarter of 2023.

•Raised Full Year 2023 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders guidance midpoint by $0.01 per share and unit to $1.65, representing anticipated full year growth of 7.1% over prior year.

“Our solid third quarter operating results reflect both the resilient fundamentals of single-family rentals and the power of the AMH platform. Our teams have done a great job executing this year, leading to another increase this quarter in our full year Core FFO per share guidance,” said David P. Singelyn, AMH’s Chief Executive Officer. “While the U.S. economy continues to face a number of challenges and uncertainties, AMH remains well-positioned for a strong close to 2023 thanks to our diversified portfolio footprint, superior operating platform, one-of-a-kind integrated development program and flexible investment grade balance sheet.”

Third Quarter 2023 Financial Results

Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $74.1 million, or $0.20 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $50.7 million, or $0.14 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher rental rates as well as higher net gains on property sales.

Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 7.7% to $421.7 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $391.6 million for the third quarter of 2022. Revenue growth was primarily driven by higher rental rates.

Core NOI from our total portfolio increased 6.6% to $224.8 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $210.8 million for the third quarter of 2022. This growth was driven by an 8.0% increase in core revenues resulting from higher rental rates, partially offset by a 10.3% increase in core property operating expenses.

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For the Company’s Same-Home portfolio, core revenues increased 5.8% to $302.3 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $285.7 million for the third quarter of 2022, which was driven by a 6.8% increase in Average Monthly Realized Rent per property, partially offset by a 70 basis point decrease in Average Occupied Days Percentage. Core property operating expenses from Same-Home properties increased 10.7% to $111.2 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $100.4 million for the third quarter of 2022, primarily driven by (i) increased property tax expense from anticipated 2023 property tax assessments and timing of prior year property tax accruals and (ii) increased repairs and maintenance (“R&M”) and turnover costs, net. As a result, Core NOI from Same-Home properties increased 3.2% to $191.1 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $185.2 million for the third quarter of 2022.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $171.0 million, or $0.41 per FFO share and unit, for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $155.2 million, or $0.39 per FFO share and unit, for the third quarter of 2022. Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $146.2 million, or $0.35 per FFO share and unit, for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $132.1 million, or $0.33 per FFO share and unit, for the third quarter of 2022. These improvements were primarily attributable to higher rental rates.

Year-to-Date 2023 Financial Results

Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $289.6 million, or $0.80 per diluted share, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to $163.2 million, or $0.47 per diluted share, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher net gains on property sales, higher rental rates, and a larger number of occupied properties.

Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 9.5% to $1.2 billion for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to $1.1 billion for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. Revenue growth was driven by higher rental rates and an increase in our average occupied portfolio which grew to 55,901 homes for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to 54,658 homes for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022.

Core NOI from our total portfolio increased 9.1% to $669.2 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to $613.2 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. This growth was driven by a 10.1% increase in core revenues resulting from higher rental rates and a larger number of occupied properties, partially offset by an 11.7% increase in core property operating expenses.

For the Company’s Same-Home portfolio, core revenues increased 6.7% to $895.2 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to $838.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, which was driven by a 7.3% increase in Average Monthly Realized Rent per property, partially offset by a 30 basis point decrease in Average Occupied Days Percentage. Core property operating expenses from Same-Home properties increased 10.8% to $320.0 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to $288.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by (i) increased property tax expense from anticipated 2023 property tax assessments and timing of prior year property tax accruals and (ii) inflationary increases in R&M and turnover costs, net and property management expenses, net. As a result, Core NOI from Same-Home properties increased 4.6% to $575.2 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to $550.0 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $509.9 million, or $1.23 per FFO share and unit, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to $458.3 million, or $1.15 per FFO share and unit, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $448.5 million, or $1.08 per FFO share and unit, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to $406.8 million, or $1.02 per FFO

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share and unit, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. These improvements were primarily attributable to higher rental rates and a larger number of occupied properties.

Portfolio

Average Occupied Days Percentage was 95.6% for the third quarter of 2023, compared to 96.2% for the second quarter of 2023.

Investments

As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s wholly-owned portfolio consisted of 59,092 homes, compared to 58,693 homes as of June 30, 2023, an increase of 399 homes during the third quarter of 2023, which included 615 newly constructed homes delivered through our AMH Development Program and eight homes acquired through our traditional acquisition channel, offset by 224 homes sold to third parties. During the third quarter of 2023, we also developed an additional 99 newly constructed homes which were delivered to our unconsolidated joint ventures, aggregating to 714 total program deliveries through our AMH Development Program. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 700 properties held for sale and 2,936 properties held in unconsolidated joint ventures.

Capital Activities, Balance Sheet and Liquidity

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $69.5 million and had total outstanding debt of $4.4 billion, excluding unamortized discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs, with a weighted-average interest rate of 4.0% and a weighted-average term to maturity of 11.6 years. The Company had no outstanding borrowings on its $1.25 billion revolving credit facility. Additionally, the Company has no debt maturities, other than recurring principal amortization, until the fourth quarter of 2024. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company generated $54.8 million of Retained Cash Flow (defined below) and sold 224 properties generating $72.3 million of net proceeds.

In July 2023, the Company entered into a $625 million second strategic joint venture with institutional investors advised by J.P. Morgan Asset Management focused on constructing and operating newly built rental homes, providing additional scale, opportunity for economic upside and continued institutional endorsement of the Company’s industry leading built-for-rental strategy. The Company holds a 20% ownership interest in the joint venture, which has an evergreen term. Additionally, the Company will earn fees for development and management services provided to the joint venture and have an opportunity to earn a promoted interest after construction and initial operation of the joint venture’s properties.

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2023 Guidance

Set forth below are the Company’s current expectations with respect to full year 2023 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and our underlying assumptions. In reliance on the exception provided by applicable SEC rules, the Company does not provide guidance for GAAP net income, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, or a reconciliation of 2023 Core FFO guidance to GAAP net income because we are unable to reasonably predict the following items which are included in GAAP net income: (i) gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net for consolidated properties and unconsolidated joint ventures, (ii) acquisition and other transaction costs and (iii) hurricane-related charges, net. The actual amounts for any and all of these items could significantly impact our 2023 GAAP net income and, as disclosed in our historical financial results, have significantly impacted GAAP net income in prior periods.

Guidance Summary

	Full Year 2023
	Previous Guidance	Current Guidance
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$1.62 - $1.66	$1.64 - $1.66
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders growth	5.2% - 7.8%	6.5% - 7.8%
Same-Home
Core revenues growth	5.75% - 7.25%	6.00% - 7.00%
Core property operating expenses growth	8.75% - 10.75%	9.00% - 10.00%
Core NOI growth	4.00% - 5.50%	4.40% - 5.40%

	Full Year 2023 (Unchanged)
Investment Program	Properties	Investment
Wholly owned acquisitions	—	—
Wholly owned development deliveries	1,775 - 1,925	$600 - $700 million
Wholly owned land and development pipeline	—	$100 - $150 million
Pro rata share of JV and Property Enhancing Capex	—	$100 - $150 million
Total capital investment (wholly owned and pro rata JV)	1,775 - 1,925	$0.8 - $1.0 billion
Total gross capital investment (JVs at 100%)	2,200 - 2,400	$1.0 - $1.2 billion

Changes to Full Year 2023 guidance:

•$0.01 incremental Core FFO per share primarily related to increased Core NOI growth from both the Same-Home and Non-Same-Home portfolios driven by better than expected controllable operating expense outlook as well as modestly favorable updates to Other income and expense, net.

Additional Information

A copy of the Company’s Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package and this press release are available on our website at www.amh.com, under “Investor relations.” This information has also been furnished to the SEC in a current report on Form 8-K.

Conference Call

A conference call is scheduled on Friday, November 3, 2023 at 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time to discuss the Company’s financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 and to provide an update on its business. The domestic dial-in number is (877) 451-6152 (U.S. and Canada) and the international dial-in number is (201) 389-0879 (passcode not required). A simultaneous audio webcast may be accessed by using the link at www.amh.com, under “Investor relations.” A replay of the conference call

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may be accessed through Friday, November 17, 2023 by calling (844) 512-2921 (U.S. and Canada) or (412) 317-6671 (international), replay passcode number 13739600#, or by using the link at www.amh.com, under “Investor relations.”

About AMH

American Homes 4 Rent (NYSE: AMH), which does business as AMH, is a leading owner, operator and developer of single-family rental homes. We’re an internally managed Maryland real estate investment trust (REIT) focused on acquiring, developing, renovating, leasing and managing homes as rental properties. Our goal is to simplify the experience of leasing a home and deliver peace of mind to households across the country.

In recent years, we’ve been named one of Fortune’s 2023 Best Workplaces in Real Estate™, a 2023 Great Place to Work®, a 2023 Most Loved Workplace®, a 2023 Top U.S. Homebuilder by Builder100, one of America’s Most Responsible Companies 2023 and America’s Most Trustworthy Companies 2023 by Newsweek and Statista Inc., and a Top ESG Regional Performer by Sustainalytics. As of September 30, 2023, we owned over 59,000 single-family properties in the Southeast, Midwest, Southwest and Mountain West regions of the United States. Additional information about AMH is available on our website at www.amh.com.

AMH refers to one or more of American Homes 4 Rent, American Homes 4 Rent, L.P. and their subsidiaries and joint ventures. In certain states, we operate under AMH Living or American Homes 4 Rent. Please see www.amh.com/dba to learn more.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release and the accompanying Supplemental Information Package contain “forward-looking statements.” These forward-looking statements relate to beliefs, expectations or intentions and similar statements concerning matters that are not of historical fact and are generally accompanied by words such as “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “potential,” “plan,” “goal,” “outlook,” “guidance” or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. Examples of forward-looking statements contained in this press release include, among others, our 2023 Guidance, our belief that our acquisition and homebuilding programs will result in continued growth and the estimated timing of our development deliveries set forth in the Supplemental Information Package. The Company has based these forward-looking statements on its current expectations and assumptions about future events. While the Company’s management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company’s control and could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to conform to actual results or changes in its expectations, unless required by applicable law. For a further description of the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, as well as risks relating to the business of the Company in general, see the “Risk Factors” disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and in the Company’s subsequent filings with the SEC.

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AMH

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Single-family properties:
Land	$	2,225,477	$	2,197,233
Buildings and improvements	10,545,835		10,127,891
Single-family properties in operation	12,771,312		12,325,124
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,639,127)		(2,386,452)
Single-family properties in operation, net	10,132,185		9,938,672
Single-family properties under development and development land	1,334,992		1,187,221
Single-family properties and land held for sale, net	160,328		198,716
Total real estate assets, net	11,627,505		11,324,609
Cash and cash equivalents	69,514		69,155
Restricted cash	173,133		148,805
Rent and other receivables	53,773		47,752
Escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets	372,157		331,446
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures	117,350		107,347
Asset-backed securitization certificates	25,666		25,666
Goodwill	120,279		120,279
Total assets	$	12,559,377	$	12,175,059
Liabilities
Revolving credit facility	$	—	$	130,000
Asset-backed securitizations, net	1,876,087		1,890,842
Unsecured senior notes, net	2,498,959		2,495,156
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	633,795		484,403
Total liabilities	5,008,841		5,000,401
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Shareholders’ equity:
Class A common shares ($0.01 par value per share, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 361,420,848 and 352,881,826 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	3,614		3,529
Class B common shares ($0.01 par value per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 635,075 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022)	6		6
Preferred shares ($0.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 9,200,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022)	92		92
Additional paid-in capital	7,251,465		6,931,819
Accumulated deficit	(391,452)		(440,791)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	965		1,332
Total shareholders’ equity	6,864,690		6,495,987
Noncontrolling interest	685,846		678,671
Total equity	7,550,536		7,174,658
Total liabilities and equity	$	12,559,377	$	12,175,059

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AMH

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Rents and other single-family property revenues	$	421,697	$	391,627	$	1,214,948	$	1,109,608
Expenses:
Property operating expenses	167,041		152,065		456,662		414,978
Property management expenses	30,785		29,739		92,251		84,541
General and administrative expense	18,336		16,986		56,128		53,115
Interest expense	34,381		36,254		105,107		98,622
Acquisition and other transaction costs	3,399		4,482		12,650		18,114
Depreciation and amortization	114,863		109,319		340,779		313,688
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		6,133		—		6,133
Total expenses	368,805		354,978		1,063,577		989,191
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	33,335		24,197		180,752		79,052
Other income and expense, net	1,865		819		9,082		6,765
Net income	88,092		61,665		341,205		206,234
Noncontrolling interest	10,493		7,464		41,140		24,119
Dividends on preferred shares	3,486		3,486		10,458		13,595
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		5,276
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	74,113	$	50,715	$	289,607	$	163,244
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	362,426,273		348,944,055		361,665,436		347,730,579
Diluted	362,924,932		349,344,541		362,121,128		348,282,995
Net income attributable to common shareholders per share:
Basic	$	0.20	$	0.14	$	0.80	$	0.47
Diluted	$	0.20	$	0.14	$	0.80	$	0.47

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Defined Terms

Average Monthly Realized Rent

For the related period, Average Monthly Realized Rent is calculated as the lease component of rents and other single-family property revenues (i.e., rents from single-family properties) divided by the product of (a) number of properties and (b) Average Occupied Days Percentage, divided by the number of months. For properties partially owned during the period, this calculation is adjusted to reflect the number of days of ownership.

Average Occupied Days Percentage

The number of days a property is occupied in the period divided by the total number of days the property is owned during the same period after initially being placed in-service. This calculation excludes properties classified as held for sale.

Occupied Property

A property is classified as occupied upon commencement (i.e., start date) of a lease agreement, which can occur contemporaneously with or subsequent to execution (i.e., signature).

Recurring Capital Expenditures

For our Same-Home portfolio, Recurring Capital Expenditures includes replacement costs and other capital expenditures recorded during the period that are necessary to help preserve the value and maintain functionality of our properties. For our total portfolio, we calculate Recurring Capital Expenditures by multiplying (a) current period actual Recurring Capital Expenditures per Same-Home property by (b) our total number of properties, excluding newly acquired non-stabilized properties and properties classified as held for sale.

Same-Home Property

A property is classified as Same-Home if it has been stabilized longer than 90 days prior to the beginning of the earliest period presented under comparison. A property is removed from Same-Home if it has been classified as held for sale or has experienced a casualty loss.

Stabilized Property

A property acquired individually (i.e., not through a bulk purchase) is classified as stabilized once it has been renovated by the Company or newly constructed and then initially leased or available for rent for a period greater than 90 days. Properties acquired through a bulk purchase are first considered non-stabilized, as an entire group, until (1) we have owned them for an adequate period of time to allow for complete on-boarding to our operating platform, and (2) a substantial portion of the properties have experienced tenant turnover at least once under our ownership, providing the opportunity for renovations and improvements to meet our property standards. After such time has passed, properties acquired through a bulk purchase are then evaluated on an individual property basis under our standard stabilization criteria.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This press release and the Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package include Funds from Operations attributable to common share and unit holders (“FFO attributable to common share and unit holders”), Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Retained Cash Flow, Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI, which are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these measures are helpful in understanding our financial performance and are widely used in the REIT industry. Because other REITs may not compute these financial measures in the same manner, they may not be comparable among REITs. In addition, these metrics are not substitutes for net income or loss or net cash flows from operating activities, as defined by GAAP, as measures of our operating performance, liquidity or ability to pay dividends. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in this press release and in the Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package.

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Funds from Operations attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow

FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate in accordance with the definition approved by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, which defines FFO as net income or loss calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains and losses from sales or impairment of real estate, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs and depreciation of non-real estate assets), and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures to reflect FFO on the same basis.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental measure of our performance. We compute this metric by adjusting FFO attributable to common share and unit holders for (1) acquisition and other transaction costs incurred with business combinations and the acquisition or disposition of properties as well as nonrecurring items unrelated to ongoing operations, (2) noncash share-based compensation expense, (3) hurricane-related charges, net, which result in material charges to our single-family property portfolio, (4) gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt and (5) the allocation of income to our perpetual preferred shares in connection with their redemption.

Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental measure of our performance. We compute this metric by adjusting Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders for (1) Recurring Capital Expenditures that are necessary to help preserve the value and maintain functionality of our properties and (2) capitalized leasing costs incurred during the period. As a portion of our homes are recently developed, acquired and/or renovated, we estimate Recurring Capital Expenditures for our entire portfolio by multiplying (a) current period actual Recurring Capital Expenditures per Same-Home Property by (b) our total number of properties, excluding newly acquired non-stabilized properties and properties classified as held for sale.

We present FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, as well as on a per FFO share and unit basis, because we consider this metric to be an important measure of the performance of real estate companies, as do many investors and analysts in evaluating the Company. We believe that FFO attributable to common share and unit holders provides useful information to investors because this metric excludes depreciation, which is included in computing net income and assumes the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time. We believe that real estate values fluctuate due to market conditions and in response to inflation. We also believe that Core FFO and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, as well as on a per FFO share and unit basis, provide useful information to investors because they allow investors to compare our operating performance to prior reporting periods without the effect of certain items that, by nature, are not comparable from period to period.

FFO shares and units include weighted-average common shares and operating partnership units outstanding, as well as potentially dilutive securities.

Retained Cash Flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is helpful as a supplemental measure in assessing the Company’s liquidity. This metric is computed by reducing Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders by common distributions.

FFO, Core FFO and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow are not substitutes for net income or net cash provided by operating activities, each as determined in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of our operating performance, liquidity or ability to pay dividends. These metrics also are not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund future cash needs. Because other REITs may not compute these measures in the same manner, they may not be comparable among REITs.

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The following is a reconciliation of net income or loss attributable to common shareholders to FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (amounts in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	74,113	$	50,715	$	289,607	$	163,244
Adjustments:
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	10,493		7,464		41,140		24,119
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(33,335)		(24,197)		(180,752)		(79,052)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	812		448		2,380		(122)
Depreciation and amortization	114,863		109,319		340,779		313,688
Less: depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets	(4,476)		(3,543)		(12,902)		(9,648)
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	162,470	$	140,206	$	480,252	$	412,229
Adjustments:
Acquisition, other transaction costs and other	3,399		4,482		12,650		18,114
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	4,160		3,390		13,885		13,352
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	953		1,015		3,151		3,146
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		6,133		—		6,133
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		5,276
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	170,982	$	155,226	$	509,938	$	458,250
Recurring Capital Expenditures	(23,973)		(22,479)		(59,079)		(49,616)
Leasing costs	(792)		(689)		(2,368)		(1,868)
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	146,217	$	132,058	$	448,491	$	406,766
Common distributions	(91,434)		(72,252)		(274,177)		(216,722)
Retained Cash Flow	$	54,783	$	59,806	$	174,314	$	190,044
Per FFO share and unit:
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.39	$	0.35	$	1.16	$	1.03
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.41	$	0.39	$	1.23	$	1.15
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.35	$	0.33	$	1.08	$	1.02
Weighted-average FFO shares and units:
Common shares outstanding	362,426,273		348,944,055		361,665,436		347,730,579
Share-based compensation plan and forward sale equity contracts (1)	910,552		840,009		800,032		984,215
Operating partnership units	51,376,980		51,376,980		51,376,980		51,376,980
Total weighted-average FFO shares and units	414,713,805		401,161,044		413,842,448		400,091,774

(1)Reflects the effect of potentially dilutive securities issuable upon the assumed vesting/exercise of restricted stock units and stock options and the dilutive effect of forward sale equity contracts under the treasury stock method.

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The following is a reconciliation of net income per common share–diluted to FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders on a per share and unit basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Net income per common share–diluted	$	0.20	$	0.14	$	0.80	$	0.47
Adjustments:
Conversion from GAAP share count	(0.03)		(0.01)		(0.10)		(0.06)
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	0.03		0.02		0.10		0.06
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(0.08)		(0.06)		(0.44)		(0.20)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	—		—		0.01		—
Depreciation and amortization	0.28		0.27		0.82		0.78
Less: depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets	(0.01)		(0.01)		(0.03)		(0.02)
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.39	$	0.35	$	1.16	$	1.03
Adjustments:
Acquisition, other transaction costs and other	0.01		0.01		0.03		0.05
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	0.01		0.01		0.03		0.03
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	—		—		0.01		0.01
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		0.02		—		0.02
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		0.01
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.41	$	0.39	$	1.23	$	1.15
Recurring Capital Expenditures	(0.06)		(0.06)		(0.14)		(0.13)
Leasing costs	—		—		(0.01)		—
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.35	$	0.33	$	1.08	$	1.02

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Core Net Operating Income

Core NOI, which we also present separately for our Same-Home portfolio, is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure that we define as core revenues, which is calculated as rents and other single-family property revenues, excluding expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs, less core property operating expenses, which is calculated as property operating and property management expenses, excluding noncash share-based compensation expense and expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs.

Core NOI also excludes (1) gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt, (2) hurricane-related charges, net, which result in material charges to our single-family property portfolio, (3) gains and losses from sales or impairments of single-family properties and other, (4) depreciation and amortization, (5) acquisition and other transaction costs incurred with business combinations and the acquisition or disposition of properties as well as nonrecurring items unrelated to ongoing operations, (6) noncash share-based compensation expense, (7) interest expense, (8) general and administrative expense, and (9) other income and expense, net. We believe Core NOI provides useful information to investors about the operating performance of our single-family properties without the impact of certain operating expenses that are reimbursed through tenant charge-backs.

Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI should be considered only as supplements to net income or loss as a measure of our performance and should not be used as measures of our liquidity, nor are they indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or make distributions. Additionally, these metrics should not be used as substitutes for net income or loss or net cash flows from operating activities (as computed in accordance with GAAP).

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The following are reconciliations of core revenues, Same-Home core revenues, core property operating expenses, Same-Home core property operating expenses, Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI to their respective GAAP metrics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Core revenues and Same-Home core revenues
Rents and other single-family property revenues	$	421,697	$	391,627	$	1,214,948	$	1,109,608
Tenant charge-backs	(65,840)		(62,014)		(167,049)		(157,423)
Core revenues	355,857		329,613		1,047,899		952,185
Less: Non-Same-Home core revenues	53,559		43,953		152,724		113,521
Same-Home core revenues	$	302,298	$	285,660	$	895,175	$	838,664

Core property operating expenses and Same-Home core property operating expenses
Property operating expenses	$	167,041	$	152,065	$	456,662	$	414,978
Property management expenses	30,785		29,739		92,251		84,541
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	(953)		(1,015)		(3,151)		(3,146)
Expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs	(65,840)		(62,014)		(167,049)		(157,423)
Core property operating expenses	131,033		118,775		378,713		338,950
Less: Non-Same-Home core property operating expenses	19,824		18,338		58,757		50,243
Same-Home core property operating expenses	$	111,209	$	100,437	$	319,956	$	288,707

Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI
Net income	$	88,092	$	61,665	$	341,205	$	206,234
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		6,133		—		6,133
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(33,335)		(24,197)		(180,752)		(79,052)
Depreciation and amortization	114,863		109,319		340,779		313,688
Acquisition and other transaction costs	3,399		4,482		12,650		18,114
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	953		1,015		3,151		3,146
Interest expense	34,381		36,254		105,107		98,622
General and administrative expense	18,336		16,986		56,128		53,115
Other income and expense, net	(1,865)		(819)		(9,082)		(6,765)
Core NOI	224,824		210,838		669,186		613,235
Less: Non-Same-Home Core NOI	33,735		25,615		93,967		63,278
Same-Home Core NOI	$	191,089	$	185,223	$	575,219	$	549,957

Contact:

AMH Investor Relations

Phone: (855) 794-2447

Email: investors@amh.com

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