10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36225

KINDRED BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	46-1160142
(State of incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1555 Bayshore Highway, Suite 200

Burlingame, California 94010

(Address of principal executive office) (Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number: (650) 701-7901

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter time that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x     No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	¨   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨

Indicate by checkmark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   x

As of April 30, 2016, Kindred Biosciences, Inc. had outstanding 19,838,610 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value.

Kindred Biosciences, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part No.	Item No.	Description	Page No.
I		FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	1	Financial Statements	3
		Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2016 (unaudited) and December 31, 2015	3
		Unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	4
		Unaudited Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	5
		Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	6
	2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	13
	3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	21
	4	Controls and Procedures	21
II		OTHER INFORMATION
	1	Legal Proceedings	22
	1A	Risk Factors	22
	2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	22
	3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	22
	4	Mine Safety Disclosures	22
	5	Other Information	22
	6	Exhibits	23
		Index to Exhibits	23
		Signatures	24

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 ITEM 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Kindred Biosciences, Inc.

Condensed Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,611		$	19,992
Short-term investments	58,962			53,051
Prepaid expenses and other	862			712
Total current assets	69,435			73,755
Property and equipment, net	1,701			1,244
Long-term investments	1,903			4,590
Other assets	30			30
Total assets	$	73,069		$	79,619
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	567		$	717
Accrued compensation	746			1,922
Accrued liabilities	582			569
Total current liabilities	1,895			3,208
Long-term liability	33			40
Total liabilities	1,928			3,248
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 19,836,360 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015	2			2
Additional paid-in capital	135,783			135,021
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	18			(50		)
Accumulated deficit	(64,662		)	(58,602		)
Total stockholders' equity	71,141			76,371
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	73,069		$	79,619

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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Kindred Biosciences, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	3,437		$	4,809
General and administrative	2,020			1,953
Restructuring costs	655			—
Total operating expenses	6,112			6,762
Loss from operations	(6,112		)	(6,762		)
Interest and other income, net	52			30
Net loss	(6,060		)	(6,732		)
Change in unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities	68			17
Comprehensive loss	$	(5,992	)	$	(6,715	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.34	)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	19,836			19,726

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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Kindred Biosciences, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(6,060	)	$	(6,732	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	762			1,078
Depreciation and amortization expense	38			34
Amortization of premium on marketable securities	77			32
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other	(150		)	(114		)
Accounts payable	117			(73		)
Accrued liabilities and accrued compensation	(1,268		)	(628		)
Net cash used in operating activities	(6,484		)	(6,403		)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of investments	(33,673		)	(25,128		)
Sale of investments	—			3,000
Maturities of investments	30,440			21,000
Purchase of property and equipment	(664		)	(31		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,897		)	(1,159		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Exercise of stock options	—			11
Net cash provided by financing activities	—			11
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(10,381		)	(7,551		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	19,992			12,969
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	9,611		$	5,418

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment included in accrued liabilities	$	98	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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Kindred Biosciences, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.    Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Kindred Biosciences, Inc. ("we", "us" or "our") was incorporated on September 25, 2012 (inception) in the State of Delaware. We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on saving and improving the lives of pets. Our activities since inception have consisted principally of raising capital, establishing facilities, recruiting management and technical staff and performing research and development and advancing our product candidates seeking regulatory approval. Our headquarters are in Burlingame, California.

We are subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. There can be no assurance that our research and development will be successfully completed, that adequate patent or other intellectual property protection for our technology will be obtained, that any products developed will obtain necessary government regulatory approval or that any approved products will be commercially viable. We operate in an environment of substantial competition from other animal health companies. In addition, we are dependent upon the services of our employees and consultants, as well as third-party contract research organizations and manufacturers.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2015 included in our annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of a normal and recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair presentation, have been included in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.

Liquidity

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations and have not generated any revenue since our inception. We expect to continue to incur losses and negative cash flows, which will increase significantly from historical levels as we expand our product development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates, establish a biologics manufacturing capability, and begin to commercialize any approved products. To date, we have been funded primarily through sales of our former convertible preferred stock, the sale of our common stock in our initial public offering in December 2013 and the sale of our common stock in our April 2014 follow-on public offering. We believe that our cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments totaling $70,476,000 as of March 31, 2016, are sufficient to fund our planned operations for at least the next 24 months.

If we require additional funding for operations, we may seek such funding through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements. We may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all, and we may not be able to enter into corporate collaborations or licensing arrangements. The terms of any financing may result in dilution or otherwise adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed financial statements include, but are not limited to, the valuation of stock-based awards, the realization of deferred tax assets, the recoverability of long-lived assets and the accrual of research and development expenses. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Comprehensive Loss

Our comprehensive loss includes the change in unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. The cumulative amount of gains or losses are reflected as a separate component of stockholders' equity in the condensed balance sheets as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes", requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any related valuation allowance, to be classified as non-current on the balance sheet. The classification change for all deferred taxes as non-current simplifies entities’ processes as it eliminates the need to separately identify the net current and net non-current deferred tax asset or liability in each jurisdiction and allocate valuation allowances. The update is effective for public business entities issuing financial statements for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities", which amends the guidance in U.S. GAAP on the classification and measurement of financial instruments and also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)", requiring organizations that lease assets—referred to as “lessees”—to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. The ASU on leases will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”, which amends ASC Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”. The ASU includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption will be permitted in any interim or annual period, with any adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Our early adoption of this standard in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 did not have any material impact on our condensed financial statements.

We do not believe there are any other recently issued standards not yet effective that will have a material impact on our financial statements when the standards become effective.

2.    Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. A fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable, is used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices) such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

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Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The carrying amount of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these financial instruments. Financial assets, which consist of money market funds and available-for-sale securities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Financial assets, which consist of money market funds and available-for-sale securities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2016
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	2,718	$	2,718	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency notes	5,461		—		5,461		—
U.S. treasury bonds	1,002		—		1,002		—
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	29,457		—		29,457		—
U.S. government agency notes	8,335		—		8,335		—
U.S. treasury bonds	21,170		—		21,170		—
Long-term investments:
U.S. government agency notes	901		—		901		—
U.S. treasury bonds	1,002		—		1,002		—
	$	70,046	$	2,718	$	67,328	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2015
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	8,169	$	8,169	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency notes	4,385		—		4,385		—
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	41,282		—		41,282		—
U.S. government agency notes	11,769		—		11,769		—
Long-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	4,590		—		4,590		—
	$	70,195	$	8,169	$	62,026	$	—

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There were no transfers of assets between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we did not have any financial liabilities which were measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

3.    Investments

We classify all highly-liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months from the date of purchase and remaining maturities of less than one year as short-term investments. Investments with maturities beyond one year may be classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and because such investments are viewed as being available to support current operations. We classify and account for investments as available-for-sale and reflect realized gains and losses using the specific identification method. Changes in market value, if any, excluding other-than-temporary impairments, are reflected in other comprehensive income (loss).

The fair value of available-for-sale investments by type of security at March 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	$	29,443	$	14	$	—		$	29,457
U.S. government agency notes	8,335		—		—			8,335
U.S. treasury bonds	21,168		6		(4		)	21,170
	58,946		20		(4		)	58,962
Long-term investments:
U.S. government agency notes	900		1		—			901
U.S. treasury bonds	1,001		1		—			1,002
Total available-for-sale investments	$	60,847	$	22	$	(4	)	$	60,865

The fair value of available-for-sale investments by type of security at December 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	$	41,293	$	14	$	(25	)	$	41,282
U.S. government agency notes	11,776		—		(7		)	11,769
U.S. treasury bonds	25		9		(34		)	—
	53,094		23		(66		)	53,051
Long-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	4,597		—		(7		)	4,590
Total available-for-sale investments	$	57,691	$	23	$	(73	)	$	57,641

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4.    Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Accrued consulting	$	33		$	83
Accrued research and development costs	387			345
Other expenses	146			128
Deferred rent	49			53
	615			609
Less current portion	(582		)	(569		)
Long-term liability (deferred rent)	$	33		$	40

5.    Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock

The table below shows the number of shares of common stock underlying options granted to employees, directors and consultants, the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model used to value those options and the resulting weighted-average grant date fair value per share:

Stock Option Plan	Three months ended March 31,
	2016	2015
Shares underlying options granted	682,833	646,333
Weighted-average exercise price	$3.39	$6.77
Weighted average risk- free interest rate	1.65 %	1.44 %
Weighted average expected term (years)	6.1	6.1
Weighted average expected volatility	82%	97%
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$2.38	$5.24

Our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Stock Purchase Plan"), adopted in December 2014, permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during defined six-month consecutive offering periods beginning December 1 with the exception of our first offering period which commenced on January 1, 2015 for a five month duration. The price at which the stock is purchased is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the first day of the offering or 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the purchase date. A total of 200,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance under the Stock Purchase Plan. A participant may purchase a maximum of 2,000 shares of common stock during each offering period, not to exceed $25,000 worth of common stock on the offering date during each calendar year. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model, in combination with the discounted employee price, in determining the value of the Stock Purchase Plan expense to be recognized during each offering period. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate employee stock-based compensation:

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Stock Purchase Plan	Three months ended March 31,
	2016	2015
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	0.42%	0.08%
Weighted average expected term (years)	0.5	0.4
Weighted average expected volatility	72.7%	58.6%
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$1.28	$2.06

We did not issue any common stock under the Stock Purchase Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2016. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had an outstanding liability of $83,000 and $25,000, respectively, which is included in accrued compensation on the condensed balance sheets, for employee contributions to the Stock Purchase Plan for shares pending issuance at the end of the next offering period.

We recorded stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015
Research and development	$	259	$	464
General and administrative	503		614
	$	762	$	1,078

We had an aggregate of approximately $7,599,000 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for options outstanding and the Stock Purchase Plan as of March 31, 2016 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

6.    Commitments and Contingencies

In April 2014, we entered into new non-cancelable operating leases for laboratory space and office space through November 2017. In January, August and November 2015, we amended our original operating lease for laboratory space to expand the facility with an additional 2,431 square feet, 131 square feet and 123 square feet, respectively, of manufacturing space through May 2017. In August 2015, we entered into a new non-cancelable operating lease for 3,126 square feet of office space in San Diego, California through September 2019. In February 2016, we further amended our original operating lease for laboratory space to further expand the facility with an additional 3,599 square feet of quality control laboratory space through May 2017. In addition, we have three equipment leases expiring through 2020.

As of March 31, 2016, we are obligated to make minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,	Lease Payments
2016 (remaining of year)	$	416
2017	404
2018	103
2019	80
2020	2
Total	$	1,005

7.    Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share was calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

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	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(6,060	)	$	(6,732	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	19,836			19,726
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.34	)

There was no difference between the Company’s net loss and the net loss attributable to common stockholders for all periods presented.

Stock options to purchase 3,543,683 shares of common stock as of March 31, 2016, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2016, because their effect was anti-dilutive.

Stock options and unvested restricted stock awards to purchase 2,947,748 shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2015, because their effect was anti-dilutive.

8.    Restructuring Plan

On January 8, 2016, our Board of Directors committed to a restructuring plan intended to better align our workforce to our revised operating needs and program development plans. On January 11, 2016, we implemented the restructuring plan that focused on streamlining our development programs and to ensure our remaining funds are sufficient to fund our planned operations through 2018. To match these priorities, we reduced our workforce by 18 positions, or approximately 31% of our workforce, resulting in a total workforce of 39 positions. As a result of the restructuring plan which has been completed, we recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $655,000 related to severance payments which was entirely paid in the quarter ended March 31, 2016.

9.    Subsequent Event

On April 25, 2016, we filed a Certificate of Incorporation with the State of Delaware for a wholly owned subsidiary, KindredBio Equine, Inc. ("Subsidiary"). The Subsidiary has one class of capital stock which is designated common stock, $.0001 par value per share. The authorized number of shares of common stock is 1,000.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In this section, “Kindred,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Kindred Biosciences, Inc. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q consists of forward-looking statements such as statements regarding our expectations about the trials, regulatory approval, manufacturing, distribution and commercialization of our current and future product candidates and statements regarding our anticipated revenues, expenses, margins, profits and use of cash. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “future,” “could,” “estimates,” “plans,” “would,” “should,” “potential,” “continues” and similar words or expressions (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions or circumstances) often identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations. These statements are not promises or guarantees, but involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: our limited operating history and expectations of losses for the foreseeable future; the absence of revenue from our product candidates for the foreseeable future; our potential inability to obtain any necessary additional financing; our substantial dependence on the success of our lead product candidates, which may not be successfully commercialized even if they are approved for marketing; the effect of competition; our potential inability to obtain regulatory approval for our existing or future product candidates; our dependence on third parties to conduct some of our development activities; our dependence upon third-party manufacturers for supplies of our product candidates; uncertainties regarding the outcomes of trials pertaining to our product candidates; our potential failure to attract and retain senior management and key scientific personnel; uncertainty about our ability to develop a satisfactory sales organization; our significant costs of operating as a public company; our potential inability to obtain patent protection and other intellectual property protection for our product candidates; potential claims by third parties alleging our infringement of their patents and other intellectual property rights; our potential failure to comply with regulatory requirements, which are subject to change on an ongoing basis; the potential volatility of our stock price; and the significant control over our business by our principal stockholders and management.

For a further description of these risks and uncertainties and other risks and uncertainties that we face, please see the “Risk Factors” sections that are contained in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), including the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which was filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016, and any subsequent updates that may be contained in the “Risk Factors” sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC.  As a result of the risks and uncertainties described above and in our filings with the SEC, actual results may differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of this report and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements, except as may be required by law.

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Overview

We are an early stage biopharmaceutical company focused on saving and improving the lives of pets. Our mission is to bring to our pets the same kinds of safe and effective medicines that our human family members enjoy. Our core strategy is to identify compounds and targets that have already demonstrated safety and efficacy in humans and to develop therapeutics based on these validated compounds and targets for pets, primarily dogs, cats and horses. We believe this approach will lead to shorter development times and higher approval rates than pursuing new, non-validated compounds and targets. We have submitted a New Animal Drug Application, or NADA, to the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for one product candidate and have completed enrollment in a pivotal field efficacy trial, or pivotal trial for another product candidate. In addition, we have multiple other product candidates, including several biologics, in various stages of development. We believe there are significant unmet medical needs for pets, and that the pet therapeutics segment of the animal health industry is likely to grow substantially as new therapeutics are identified, developed and marketed specifically for pets.

In November 2015, we completed a pivotal trial of Zimeta (dipyrone injection), previously known as KIND-012, for Pyrexia (fever) in horses with positive topline results. We completed the Target Animal Safety Study, or TASS, for Zimeta successfully and have submitted all technical sections of the NADA for Zimeta before the end of the first quarter of 2016. We anticipate the approval of Zimeta including product launch by the end of 2016 or early 2017. We have initiated pre-launch activities including build-out of a small commercial team, preparations for distribution and commercial manufacturing. In addition, we have incorporated an equine subsidiary, KindredBio Equine, Inc., for our equine business. We anticipate that we may, in the future, spin out or split out our equine business from our biologics business.

Following the successful completion of a Pharmacokinetic study and a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of KIND-010 for the management of weight loss in cats, we initiated the pivotal field study in October 2015. Enrollment in the pivotal study of KIND-010 has completed ahead of schedule. We are preparing for database lock and reporting of topline results before the end of the second quarter. We completed the TASS for KIND-010 successfully and have submitted the Chemical, Manufacturing and Controls, or CMC, technical section of the NADA to the FDA.

Formulation for KIND-015, a development candidate for metabolic syndrome in horses, a disease similar to Type II diabetes in humans, is being optimized. We plan to initiate a pilot field efficacy study in the second half of 2016.

A pilot laboratory study was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of two formulations of KIND-014, a development candidate for equine gastric ulcer in horses. The results were positive. Both formulations showed efficacy, as measured by gastric pH, and both were well-tolerated. A pilot field study has been initiated.

Our Epocat^TM (feline erythropoietin, KIND-510) program for the control of non-regenerative anemia in cats is advancing rapidly. The initial laboratory study was completed, with a positive efficacy signal, as evidenced by increased reticulocyte formation. The pilot field efficacy study is underway.

Other biologics: Antibodies against cytokines and immune checkpoints are progressing on track, and initial pilot studies for some of the antibodies are anticipated in 2016. KIND-Bodies, a novel biologics scaffold that has certain advantages over antibodies, including bi-specific binding, is proceeding on track.

We have constructed a Good Manufacturing Practice, or GMP, biologics manufacturing plant and it is currently undergoing commissioning. We anticipate proceeding to GMP manufacturing by mid-2016.

In addition to the product candidates discussed above, we are in the early stages of development for multiple additional indications, with the potential to attain approval for two or more products annually for several years. We plan to commercialize our products in the United States through a direct sales force complemented by selected distributor relationships, and in the EU through distributors and other third parties. Because we seek to identify product candidates that are not protected by third-party patents, we typically do not need to obtain licenses or make any upfront, milestone or royalty payments in connection with our product candidates.

We are an early stage company with no products approved for marketing and sale, and we have not generated any revenue. We have incurred significant net losses since our inception. We incurred cumulative net losses of

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$64,662,000 through March 31, 2016. These losses have resulted principally from costs incurred in connection with investigating and developing our product candidates, research and development activities and general and administrative costs associated with our operations.

Historically, our funding has been a combination of private and public offerings, most recently our initial public offering in December 2013 provided us with net proceeds of $54,871,000 and a follow-on public offering in April 2014 provided us with net proceeds of $58,065,000. As of March 31, 2016, we had cash, cash equivalents and investments of $70,476,000.

For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to incur losses, which will increase significantly from historical levels as we expand our product development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates and begin to commercialize them if they are approved by the CVM branch of the FDA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or USDA, or the European Medicines Agency, or EMA. If we are required to further fund our operations, we expect to do so through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements. We cannot assure you that such funds will be available on terms favorable to us, if at all. Arrangements with collaborators or others may require us to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or product candidates. In addition, we may never successfully complete development of, obtain adequate patent protection for, obtain necessary regulatory approval, or achieve commercial viability for any product candidate. If we are not able to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, as and when needed, we may be required to curtail our operations, and we may be unable to continue as a going concern.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our condensed financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those described below. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies since the beginning of our fiscal year. Our critical accounting policies are described in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which was filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016.

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	3,437		$	4,809
General and administrative	2,020			1,953
Restructuring costs	655			—
Total operating expenses	6,112			6,762
Loss from operations	(6,112		)	(6,762		)
Interest and other income, net	52			30
Net loss	$	(6,060	)	$	(6,732	)

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Revenue

We do not have any products approved for sale, have not generated any revenue since our inception and do not expect to generate any material revenue in the near future. If our development efforts result in clinical success and regulatory approval or collaboration agreements with third parties for any of our product candidates, we may generate revenue from those product candidates.

Research and Development Expense

All costs of research and development are expensed in the period incurred. Research and development costs consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel, stock-based compensation expense, fees paid to consultants, outside service providers, professional services, travel costs and materials used in clinical trials and research and development. We are currently pursuing multiple product candidates for over a dozen indications. We typically use our employee and infrastructure resources across multiple development programs.

Research and development expense was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands, except for percentages):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015		% Change
Payroll and related	$	1,499	$	1,900	(21	)%
Consulting	236		331		(29	)%
Field trial costs, including materials	895		1,506		(41	)%
Stock-based compensation	259		464		(44	)%
Other	548		608		(10	)%
	$	3,437	$	4,809	(29	)%

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, research and development expense related primarily to advancing the development of KIND-010 for management of weight loss in cats and preparing for the launch of Zimeta, our lead product candidate. During this period all major technical sections of the NADA for Zimeta were completed and submitted to the FDA along with the completion of TASS for KIND-010. We also initiated additional manufacturing work in preparation for commercialization of our first product candidate. We continue to advance additional product candidates in our small molecule programs as well as continue to advance our biologics program by building an in-house team to focus on setting-up a manufacturing process for our potential biologic candidates.

Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016, decreased by 29% to $3,437,000 compared with $4,809,000 for the same period in 2015. The decrease in expenses were due to $401,000 lower payroll and related expenses as a result of our corporate restructuring in January 2016. In addition, our field trial costs decreased by $611,000 as the completion of the pivotal study for KIND-010 was earlier than expected and the 2015 expenses included field trial costs for SentiKind and Zimeta which we did not have in 2016. In addition, stock-based compensation expense as well as our consulting and other research expenses decreased by approximately $205,000 and $155,000, respectively. Outsourced research and development expenses related to our KIND-010, Zimeta and other product development programs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were $571,000, $314,000, and $208,000, respectively. Outsourced research and development expense consists primarily of costs related to manufacturing supplies, clinical trial costs and consulting.

We expect research and development expense to increase for the foreseeable future as we increase our headcount, commence pilot studies and further develop our small molecule compounds and biologics development programs.  Due to the inherently unpredictable nature of our development, we cannot reasonably estimate or predict the nature, specific timing or estimated costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the development of our product candidates.

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General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands, except for percentages):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015		% Change
	(In thousands)
Payroll and related	$	663	$	373	78	%
Consulting, legal fees and professional services	241		481		(50	)%
Stock-based compensation	503		614		(18	)%
Corporate and marketing expenses	311		328		(5	)%
Other	302		157		92	%
	$	2,020	$	1,953	3	%

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by 3% to $2,020,000 compared with $1,953,000 for the same period in 2015. The increase in general and administrative expense was related to higher payroll and related expenses as we continue to bring in-house activities that were previously out-sourced as well as higher facilities and other expenses. The increase in expenses were offset in part by lower consulting, legal and professional service fees and stock-based compensation expense.

We expect general and administrative expense to increase in 2016 as we prepare for the commercial launch of Zimeta.

Restructuring costs

We recorded a restructuring charge of $655,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 in order to streamline our focus on our development programs and to ensure our remaining funds are sufficient to fund our planned operations through 2018. Eighteen employees were impacted by the restructuring and all restructuring charges were paid as of March 31, 2016.

Income Taxes

We have historically incurred operating losses and maintain a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.  Our management has evaluated the factors bearing upon the realizability of our deferred tax assets, which are comprised principally of net operating loss carryforwards and concluded that, due to the uncertainty of realizing any tax benefits as of March 31, 2016, a valuation allowance was necessary to fully offset our deferred tax assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations and have not generated any revenue since our inception in September 2012 through March 31, 2016. As of March 31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $64,662,000. Since inception, we raised a total of $125,023,000, net of offering costs, through public offerings of our common stock and through the sale of preferred stock (subsequently converted to common stock at the time of our initial public offering). As of March 31, 2016, we had cash, cash equivalents and investments of $70,476,000. We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and investments balances as of March 31, 2016, are sufficient to fund our planned operations for at least the next 24 months.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods set forth below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(6,484	)	$	(6,403	)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(3,897	)	$	(1,159	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	—		$	11

Net cash used in operating activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, net cash used in operating activities was $6,484,000. Net loss of $6,060,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 included non-cash charges of $762,000 for stock-based compensation expense, $77,000 for the amortization of premium on marketable securities and $38,000 for depreciation and amortization. Net cash used in operating activities was further impacted by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $1,301,000.

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, net cash used in operating activities was $6,403,000. Net cash used in operating activities resulted primarily from our net loss of $6,732,000, partially offset by non-cash, stock-based compensation of $1,078,000, depreciation and amortization of $34,000, amortization of premium on marketable securities of $32,000, and further impacted by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $815,000.

Net cash used in investing activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, net cash used in investing activities was $3,897,000, which resulted from $33,673,000 related to the purchase of marketable securities and $664,000 related to purchases of property and equipment, offset by proceeds from maturities of marketable securities of $30,440,000.

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, net cash used in investing activities was $1,159,000 and related to the purchase of marketable securities of $25,128,000 and property and equipment of $31,000, partially offset by proceeds from maturities of marketable securities of $21,000,000 and sales of investments of $3,000,000.

Net cash provided by financing activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, there were no cash financing activities.

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, net cash provided by financing activities of $11,000 was from the exercise of stock options.

Future Funding Requirements

We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the next several years due to expenses relating to:

• pivotal trials of our product candidates;

• toxicology (target animal safety) studies for our product candidates;

• small molecule manufacturing;

• establishment of biologics manufacturing capability; and

• commercialization of one or more of our product candidates, if approved.

We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments will be sufficient to fund our operating plan through the next 24 months. However, our operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and we may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations. Such financing may result in dilution to stockholders, imposition of debt

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covenants and repayment obligations or other restrictions that may affect our business. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans.

Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

• the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing our current or future product candidates;

• the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for any of our current or future product candidates;

• the number and characteristics of the product candidates we pursue;

• the cost of manufacturing our current and future product candidates and any products we successfully commercialize, including cost of building internal biologics manufacturing capacity;

• the cost of commercialization activities if any of our current or future product candidates are approved for sale, including marketing, sales and distribution costs;

• the expenses needed to attract and retain skilled personnel;

• the costs associated with being a public company;

• our ability to establish and maintain strategic collaborations, licensing or other arrangements and the financial terms of such agreements; and

• the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing possible patent claims, including litigation costs and the outcome of any such litigation.

Since inception, we have not engaged in the use of any off-balance sheet arrangements, such as structured finance entities, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.

Contractual Obligations

In April 2014, we entered into noncancelable operating leases for laboratory space and office space and in January, August and November 2015 as well as February 2016, we amended one of the operating leases to include additional lab space. In June 2015, we entered into a noncancelable operating lease for office space in San Diego, California. Under the operating leases we are obligated to make minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2016 totaling $1,005,000 through July 2020 the timing of which is described in more detail in the notes to the condensed financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2016, we did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes", requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any related valuation allowance, to be classified as non-current on the balance sheet. The classification change for all deferred taxes as non-current simplifies entities’ processes as it eliminates the need to separately identify the net current and net non-current deferred tax asset or liability in each jurisdiction and allocate valuation allowances. The update is effective for public business entities issuing financial statements for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities", which amends the guidance in U.S. GAAP on the classification and measurement of financial instruments and also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

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In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)", requiring organizations that lease assets—referred to as “lessees”—to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. The ASU on leases will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”, which amends ASC Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”. The ASU includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption will be permitted in any interim or annual period, with any adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Our early adoption of this standard in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 did not have any material impact on our condensed financial statements.

We do not believe there are any other recently issued standards not yet effective that will have a material impact on our financial statements when the standards become effective.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve capital. We do not utilize hedging contracts or similar instruments.

We are exposed to certain market risks relating primarily to (1) interest rate risk on our cash and cash equivalents, (2) market  price risk on our short-term investments, and (3) risks relating to the financial viability of the institutions which hold our capital and through which we have invested our funds. We manage such risks by investing in short-term, liquid, highly-rated instruments. As of March 31, 2016, our cash equivalents and investments are invested in money market funds, U.S. treasury bills, U.S. federal agency notes and U.S treasury bonds and notes. We do not believe we have any material exposure to interest rate risk due to the extremely low interest rate environment, the short duration of the securities we hold and our ability to hold our investments to maturity if necessary. Declines in interest rates would reduce investment income, but would not have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

We do not currently have exposure to foreign currency risk.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer (the “Certifying Officer”), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), such as this report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Certifying Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on these evaluations, the Certifying Officer has concluded, that, as of the end of the period covered by this report:

(a)    our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and

(b)our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act was accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Certifying Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period ended March 31, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

You should consider the “Risk Factors” included under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016. There have been no material changes to those Risk Factors.

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds from the Sale of Registered Securities

On December 11, 2013, our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-192242) was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for our initial public offering pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 8,625,000 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $7.00 per share.  There has been no material change in our use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on December 12, 2013 pursuant to Rule 424(b).

ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1	Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer.
32.1	Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 5, 2016

Kindred Biosciences, Inc.
By:	/s/ Richard Chin
	Richard Chin, M.D.
	President and Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer

24

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Interim Principal Financial Officer Under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

I, Richard Chin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Kindred Biosciences, Inc.

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

4. I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d- 15(e)) and and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5. I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 5, 2016	By:      /s/ Richard Chin
	Name: Richard Chin, MD
	Title: Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

AND INTERIM PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Kindred Biosciences, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies that, to his knowledge:

(i)    The quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2016 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(ii)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 5, 2016	By:     /s/ Richard Chin
	Name: Richard Chin, MD
	Title: Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Apr. 30, 2016
Entity [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Kindred Biosciences, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001561743
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2016
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		19,838,610

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 9,611	$ 19,992
Short-term investments	58,962	53,051
Prepaid expenses and other	862	712
Total current assets	69,435	73,755
Property and equipment, net	1,701	1,244
Long-term investments	1,903	4,590
Other assets	30	30
Total assets	73,069	79,619
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	567	717
Accrued compensation	746	1,922
Accrued liabilities	582	569
Total current liabilities	1,895	3,208
Long-term liability	33	40
Total liabilities	$ 1,928	$ 3,248
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 19,836,360 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015	$ 2	$ 2
Additional paid-in capital	135,783	135,021
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	18	(50)
Accumulated deficit	(64,662)	(58,602)
Total stockholders' equity	71,141	76,371
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 73,069	$ 79,619

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Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value, in dollar per share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	19,836,360	19,836,360
Common stock, shares outstanding	19,836,360	19,836,360

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Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 3,437	$ 4,809
General and administrative	2,020	1,953
Restructuring costs	655	0
Total operating expenses	6,112	6,762
Loss from operations	(6,112)	(6,762)
Interest and other income, net	52	30
Net loss	(6,060)	(6,732)
Change in unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities	68	17
Comprehensive loss	$ (5,992)	$ (6,715)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted, in dollars per share	$ (0.31)	$ (0.34)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted, in shares	19,836	19,726

XML

Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (6,060)	$ (6,732)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	762	1,078
Depreciation and amortization expense	38	34
Amortization of premium on marketable securities	77	32
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other	(150)	(114)
Accounts payable	117	(73)
Accrued liabilities and accrued compensation	(1,268)	(628)
Net cash used in operating activities	(6,484)	(6,403)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of investments	(33,673)	(25,128)
Sale of investments	0	3,000
Maturities of investments	30,440	21,000
Purchase of property and equipment	(664)	(31)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,897)	(1,159)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Exercise of stock options	0	11
Net cash provided by financing activities	0	11
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(10,381)	(7,551)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	19,992	12,969
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	9,611	5,418
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment included in accrued liabilities	$ 98	$ 0

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Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Kindred Biosciences, Inc. ("we", "us" or "our") was incorporated on September 25, 2012 (inception) in the State of Delaware. We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on saving and improving the lives of pets. Our activities since inception have consisted principally of raising capital, establishing facilities, recruiting management and technical staff and performing research and development and advancing our product candidates seeking regulatory approval. Our headquarters are in Burlingame, California.

We are subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. There can be no assurance that our research and development will be successfully completed, that adequate patent or other intellectual property protection for our technology will be obtained, that any products developed will obtain necessary government regulatory approval or that any approved products will be commercially viable. We operate in an environment of substantial competition from other animal health companies. In addition, we are dependent upon the services of our employees and consultants, as well as third-party contract research organizations and manufacturers.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2015 included in our annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of a normal and recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair presentation, have been included in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.

Liquidity

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations and have not generated any revenue since our inception. We expect to continue to incur losses and negative cash flows, which will increase significantly from historical levels as we expand our product development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates, establish a biologics manufacturing capability, and begin to commercialize any approved products. To date, we have been funded primarily through sales of our former convertible preferred stock, the sale of our common stock in our initial public offering in December 2013 and the sale of our common stock in our April 2014 follow-on public offering. We believe that our cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments totaling $70,476,000 as of March 31, 2016, are sufficient to fund our planned operations for at least the next 24 months.

If we require additional funding for operations, we may seek such funding through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements. We may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all, and we may not be able to enter into corporate collaborations or licensing arrangements. The terms of any financing may result in dilution or otherwise adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed financial statements include, but are not limited to, the valuation of stock-based awards, the realization of deferred tax assets, the recoverability of long-lived assets and the accrual of research and development expenses. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Comprehensive Loss

Our comprehensive loss includes the change in unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. The cumulative amount of gains or losses are reflected as a separate component of stockholders' equity in the condensed balance sheets as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes", requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any related valuation allowance, to be classified as non-current on the balance sheet. The classification change for all deferred taxes as non-current simplifies entities’ processes as it eliminates the need to separately identify the net current and net non-current deferred tax asset or liability in each jurisdiction and allocate valuation allowances. The update is effective for public business entities issuing financial statements for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities", which amends the guidance in U.S. GAAP on the classification and measurement of financial instruments and also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)", requiring organizations that lease assets—referred to as “lessees”—to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. The ASU on leases will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”, which amends ASC Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”. The ASU includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption will be permitted in any interim or annual period, with any adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Our early adoption of this standard in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 did not have any material impact on our condensed financial statements.

We do not believe there are any other recently issued standards not yet effective that will have a material impact on our financial statements when the standards become effective.

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. A fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable, is used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices) such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The carrying amount of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these financial instruments. Financial assets, which consist of money market funds and available-for-sale securities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Financial assets, which consist of money market funds and available-for-sale securities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2016
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	2,718	$	2,718	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency notes	5,461		—		5,461		—
U.S. treasury bonds	1,002		—		1,002		—
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	29,457		—		29,457		—
U.S. government agency notes	8,335		—		8,335		—
U.S. treasury bonds	21,170		—		21,170		—
Long-term investments:
U.S. government agency notes	901		—		901		—
U.S. treasury bonds	1,002		—		1,002		—
	$	70,046	$	2,718	$	67,328	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2015
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	8,169	$	8,169	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency notes	4,385		—		4,385		—
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	41,282		—		41,282		—
U.S. government agency notes	11,769		—		11,769		—
Long-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	4,590		—		4,590		—
	$	70,195	$	8,169	$	62,026	$	—

There were no transfers of assets between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we did not have any financial liabilities which were measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

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Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Short-Term Investments

Investments

We classify all highly-liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months from the date of purchase and remaining maturities of less than one year as short-term investments. Investments with maturities beyond one year may be classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and because such investments are viewed as being available to support current operations. We classify and account for investments as available-for-sale and reflect realized gains and losses using the specific identification method. Changes in market value, if any, excluding other-than-temporary impairments, are reflected in other comprehensive income (loss).

The fair value of available-for-sale investments by type of security at March 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	$	29,443	$	14	$	—		$	29,457
U.S. government agency notes	8,335		—		—			8,335
U.S. treasury bonds	21,168		6		(4		)	21,170
	58,946		20		(4		)	58,962
Long-term investments:
U.S. government agency notes	900		1		—			901
U.S. treasury bonds	1,001		1		—			1,002
Total available-for-sale investments	$	60,847	$	22	$	(4	)	$	60,865

The fair value of available-for-sale investments by type of security at December 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	$	41,293	$	14	$	(25	)	$	41,282
U.S. government agency notes	11,776		—		(7		)	11,769
U.S. treasury bonds	25		9		(34		)	—
	53,094		23		(66		)	53,051
Long-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	4,597		—		(7		)	4,590
Total available-for-sale investments	$	57,691	$	23	$	(73	)	$	57,641

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Accrued Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Accrued consulting	$	33		$	83
Accrued research and development costs	387			345
Other expenses	146			128
Deferred rent	49			53
	615			609
Less current portion	(582		)	(569		)
Long-term liability (deferred rent)	$	33		$	40

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Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock

Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock

The table below shows the number of shares of common stock underlying options granted to employees, directors and consultants, the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model used to value those options and the resulting weighted-average grant date fair value per share:

Stock Option Plan	Three months ended March 31,
	2016	2015
Shares underlying options granted	682,833	646,333
Weighted-average exercise price	$3.39	$6.77
Weighted average risk- free interest rate	1.65 %	1.44 %
Weighted average expected term (years)	6.1	6.1
Weighted average expected volatility	82%	97%
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$2.38	$5.24

Our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Stock Purchase Plan"), adopted in December 2014, permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during defined six-month consecutive offering periods beginning December 1 with the exception of our first offering period which commenced on January 1, 2015 for a five month duration. The price at which the stock is purchased is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the first day of the offering or 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the purchase date. A total of 200,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance under the Stock Purchase Plan. A participant may purchase a maximum of 2,000 shares of common stock during each offering period, not to exceed $25,000 worth of common stock on the offering date during each calendar year. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model, in combination with the discounted employee price, in determining the value of the Stock Purchase Plan expense to be recognized during each offering period. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate employee stock-based compensation:

Stock Purchase Plan	Three months ended March 31,
	2016	2015
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	0.42%	0.08%
Weighted average expected term (years)	0.5	0.4
Weighted average expected volatility	72.7%	58.6%
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$1.28	$2.06

We did not issue any common stock under the Stock Purchase Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2016. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had an outstanding liability of $83,000 and $25,000, respectively, which is included in accrued compensation on the condensed balance sheets, for employee contributions to the Stock Purchase Plan for shares pending issuance at the end of the next offering period.

We recorded stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015
Research and development	$	259	$	464
General and administrative	503		614
	$	762	$	1,078

We had an aggregate of approximately $7,599,000 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for options outstanding and the Stock Purchase Plan as of March 31, 2016 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

In April 2014, we entered into new non-cancelable operating leases for laboratory space and office space through November 2017. In January, August and November 2015, we amended our original operating lease for laboratory space to expand the facility with an additional 2,431 square feet, 131 square feet and 123 square feet, respectively, of manufacturing space through May 2017. In August 2015, we entered into a new non-cancelable operating lease for 3,126 square feet of office space in San Diego, California through September 2019. In February 2016, we further amended our original operating lease for laboratory space to further expand the facility with an additional 3,599 square feet of quality control laboratory space through May 2017. In addition, we have three equipment leases expiring through 2020.

As of March 31, 2016, we are obligated to make minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,	Lease Payments
2016 (remaining of year)	$	416
2017	404
2018	103
2019	80
2020	2
Total	$	1,005

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Net Loss Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share was calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(6,060	)	$	(6,732	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	19,836			19,726
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.34	)

There was no difference between the Company’s net loss and the net loss attributable to common stockholders for all periods presented.

Stock options to purchase 3,543,683 shares of common stock as of March 31, 2016, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2016, because their effect was anti-dilutive.

Stock options and unvested restricted stock awards to purchase 2,947,748 shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2015, because their effect was anti-dilutive.

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Restructuring Plan (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Plan

Restructuring Plan

On January 8, 2016, our Board of Directors committed to a restructuring plan intended to better align our workforce to our revised operating needs and program development plans. On January 11, 2016, we implemented the restructuring plan that focused on streamlining our development programs and to ensure our remaining funds are sufficient to fund our planned operations through 2018. To match these priorities, we reduced our workforce by 18 positions, or approximately 31% of our workforce, resulting in a total workforce of 39 positions. As a result of the restructuring plan which has been completed, we recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $655,000 related to severance payments which was entirely paid in the quarter ended March 31, 2016.

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Subsequent Event

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Event

Subsequent Event

On April 25, 2016, we filed a Certificate of Incorporation with the State of Delaware for a wholly owned subsidiary, KindredBio Equine, Inc. ("Subsidiary"). The Subsidiary has one class of capital stock which is designated common stock, $.0001 par value per share. The authorized number of shares of common stock is 1,000.

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Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Kindred Biosciences, Inc. ("we", "us" or "our") was incorporated on September 25, 2012 (inception) in the State of Delaware. We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on saving and improving the lives of pets. Our activities since inception have consisted principally of raising capital, establishing facilities, recruiting management and technical staff and performing research and development and advancing our product candidates seeking regulatory approval. Our headquarters are in Burlingame, California.

We are subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. There can be no assurance that our research and development will be successfully completed, that adequate patent or other intellectual property protection for our technology will be obtained, that any products developed will obtain necessary government regulatory approval or that any approved products will be commercially viable. We operate in an environment of substantial competition from other animal health companies. In addition, we are dependent upon the services of our employees and consultants, as well as third-party contract research organizations and manufacturers.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2015 included in our annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of a normal and recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair presentation, have been included in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.

Liquidity

Liquidity

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations and have not generated any revenue since our inception. We expect to continue to incur losses and negative cash flows, which will increase significantly from historical levels as we expand our product development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates, establish a biologics manufacturing capability, and begin to commercialize any approved products. To date, we have been funded primarily through sales of our former convertible preferred stock, the sale of our common stock in our initial public offering in December 2013 and the sale of our common stock in our April 2014 follow-on public offering. We believe that our cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments totaling $70,476,000 as of March 31, 2016, are sufficient to fund our planned operations for at least the next 24 months.

If we require additional funding for operations, we may seek such funding through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements. We may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all, and we may not be able to enter into corporate collaborations or licensing arrangements. The terms of any financing may result in dilution or otherwise adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed financial statements include, but are not limited to, the valuation of stock-based awards, the realization of deferred tax assets, the recoverability of long-lived assets and the accrual of research and development expenses. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

Our comprehensive loss includes the change in unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. The cumulative amount of gains or losses are reflected as a separate component of stockholders' equity in the condensed balance sheets as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes", requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any related valuation allowance, to be classified as non-current on the balance sheet. The classification change for all deferred taxes as non-current simplifies entities’ processes as it eliminates the need to separately identify the net current and net non-current deferred tax asset or liability in each jurisdiction and allocate valuation allowances. The update is effective for public business entities issuing financial statements for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities", which amends the guidance in U.S. GAAP on the classification and measurement of financial instruments and also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)", requiring organizations that lease assets—referred to as “lessees”—to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. The ASU on leases will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our condensed financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”, which amends ASC Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”. The ASU includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption will be permitted in any interim or annual period, with any adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Our early adoption of this standard in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 did not have any material impact on our condensed financial statements.

We do not believe there are any other recently issued standards not yet effective that will have a material impact on our financial statements when the standards become effective.

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Financial assets, which consist of money market funds and available-for-sale securities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2016
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	2,718	$	2,718	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency notes	5,461		—		5,461		—
U.S. treasury bonds	1,002		—		1,002		—
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	29,457		—		29,457		—
U.S. government agency notes	8,335		—		8,335		—
U.S. treasury bonds	21,170		—		21,170		—
Long-term investments:
U.S. government agency notes	901		—		901		—
U.S. treasury bonds	1,002		—		1,002		—
	$	70,046	$	2,718	$	67,328	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2015
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	8,169	$	8,169	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency notes	4,385		—		4,385		—
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	41,282		—		41,282		—
U.S. government agency notes	11,769		—		11,769		—
Long-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	4,590		—		4,590		—
	$	70,195	$	8,169	$	62,026	$	—

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Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Available-for-Sale Short Term Investments

The fair value of available-for-sale investments by type of security at March 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	$	29,443	$	14	$	—		$	29,457
U.S. government agency notes	8,335		—		—			8,335
U.S. treasury bonds	21,168		6		(4		)	21,170
	58,946		20		(4		)	58,962
Long-term investments:
U.S. government agency notes	900		1		—			901
U.S. treasury bonds	1,001		1		—			1,002
Total available-for-sale investments	$	60,847	$	22	$	(4	)	$	60,865

The fair value of available-for-sale investments by type of security at December 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	$	41,293	$	14	$	(25	)	$	41,282
U.S. government agency notes	11,776		—		(7		)	11,769
U.S. treasury bonds	25		9		(34		)	—
	53,094		23		(66		)	53,051
Long-term investments:
U.S. treasury bills	4,597		—		(7		)	4,590
Total available-for-sale investments	$	57,691	$	23	$	(73	)	$	57,641

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Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Accrued consulting	$	33		$	83
Accrued research and development costs	387			345
Other expenses	146			128
Deferred rent	49			53
	615			609
Less current portion	(582		)	(569		)
Long-term liability (deferred rent)	$	33		$	40

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Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock Option Plan valuation assumptions

The table below shows the number of shares of common stock underlying options granted to employees, directors and consultants, the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model used to value those options and the resulting weighted-average grant date fair value per share:

Stock Option Plan	Three months ended March 31,
	2016	2015
Shares underlying options granted	682,833	646,333
Weighted-average exercise price	$3.39	$6.77
Weighted average risk- free interest rate	1.65 %	1.44 %
Weighted average expected term (years)	6.1	6.1
Weighted average expected volatility	82%	97%
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$2.38	$5.24

Schedule of Stock Purchase Plan valuation assumptions

The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate employee stock-based compensation:

Stock Purchase Plan	Three months ended March 31,
	2016	2015
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	0.42%	0.08%
Weighted average expected term (years)	0.5	0.4
Weighted average expected volatility	72.7%	58.6%
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$1.28	$2.06

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

We recorded stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015
Research and development	$	259	$	464
General and administrative	503		614
	$	762	$	1,078

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Noncancelable Operating Leases

As of March 31, 2016, we are obligated to make minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,	Lease Payments
2016 (remaining of year)	$	416
2017	404
2018	103
2019	80
2020	2
Total	$	1,005

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Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Calculation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share was calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(6,060	)	$	(6,732	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	19,836			19,726
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.34	)

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Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments	$ 70,476
Substantial cash and cash equivalent, term	24 months

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Recurring basis - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets	$ 70,046	$ 70,195
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets	2,718	8,169
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets	67,328	62,026
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total financial assets	0	0
U.S. treasury bills
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Short-term investments:	29,457	41,282
Long-term investments:		4,590
U.S. treasury bills | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Short-term investments:	29,457	41,282
Long-term investments:		4,590
U.S. government agency notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	5,461	4,385
Short-term investments:	8,335	11,769
Long-term investments:	901
U.S. government agency notes | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	5,461	4,385
Short-term investments:	8,335	11,769
Long-term investments:	901
U.S. treasury bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	1,002
Short-term investments:	21,170
Long-term investments:	1,002
U.S. treasury bonds | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	1,002
Short-term investments:	21,170
Long-term investments:	1,002
Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	2,718	8,169
Money market funds | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	2,718	8,169
Money market funds | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	0	0
Money market funds | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	$ 0	$ 0

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Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Short-term Investments
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 58,946	$ 53,094
Gross Unrealized Gains	20	23
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4)	(66)
Fair Value	58,962	53,051
Short-term Investments | U.S. treasury bills
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	29,443	41,293
Gross Unrealized Gains	14	14
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	(25)
Fair Value	29,457	41,282
Short-term Investments | U.S. government agency notes
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	8,335	11,776
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	(7)
Fair Value	8,335	11,769
Short-term Investments | U.S. treasury bonds
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	21,168	25
Gross Unrealized Gains	6	9
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4)	(34)
Fair Value	21,170	0
Long-term Investments
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	60,847	57,691
Gross Unrealized Gains	22	23
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4)	(73)
Fair Value	60,865	57,641
Long-term Investments | U.S. treasury bills
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost		4,597
Gross Unrealized Gains		0
Gross Unrealized Losses		(7)
Fair Value		$ 4,590
Long-term Investments | U.S. government agency notes
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	900
Gross Unrealized Gains	1
Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Fair Value	901
Long-term Investments | U.S. treasury bonds
Gain (Loss) on Investments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,001
Gross Unrealized Gains	1
Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Fair Value	$ 1,002

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Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued consulting	$ 33	$ 83
Accrued research and development costs	387	345
Other expenses	146	128
Deferred rent	49	53
Accrued liabilities	615	609
Less current portion	(582)	(569)
Long-term liability (deferred rent)	$ 33	$ 40

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Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock - Stock Option Plan (Details) - Stock Option Plan - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares underlying options granted, in shares	682,833	646,333
Weighted-average exercise price, in dollars per share	$ 3.39	$ 6.77
Weighted average risk- free interest rate	1.65%	1.44%
Weighted average expected term	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted average expected volatility	82.00%	97.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share, in dollars per share	$ 2.38	$ 5.24

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Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2015	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding liability included in accrued compensation		$ 83,000	$ 25,000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation		$ 7,599,000
Weighted-average period for recognition		2 years 5 months 15 days
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Initial offering period		6 months
Consecutive offering period	5 months
Purchase price of common stock, percent of fair market value		85.00%
Shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)		200,000
Maximum number of shares participant may purchase during each offering period (in shares)		2,000
Maximum value of shares participant may purchase during each offering period		$ 25,000

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Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock - Stock Purchase Plan (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average risk- free interest rate	0.42%	0.08%
Weighted average expected term	6 months	5 months
Weighted average expected volatility	72.70%	58.60%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share, in dollars per share	$ 1.28	$ 2.06

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Stock-Based Awards and Common Stock - Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 762	$ 1,078
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	259	464
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 503	$ 614

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($) equipment_lease	Feb. 29, 2016 ft²	Nov. 30, 2015 ft²	Aug. 31, 2015 ft²	Jan. 31, 2015 ft²
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of equipment leases | equipment_lease	3
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2016 (remaining of year)	$ 416
2017	404
2018	103
2019	80
2020	2
Total	$ 1,005
Laboratory space | Operating lease
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Square footage of laboratory space | ft²		3,599	123	131	2,431
Office Space | Operating lease
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Square footage of office space | ft²				3,126

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Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (6,060)	$ (6,732)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted, in shares	19,836,000	19,726,000
Net loss per share, basic and diluted, in dollars per share	$ (0.31)	$ (0.34)
Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from EPS computation (in shares)	3,543,683	2,947,748

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Restructuring Plan (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Jan. 11, 2016 position	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Number of positions eliminated	18
Percentage of workforce reduced	31.00%
Entity number of employees	39
Restructuring charge | $		$ 655	$ 0

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Subsequent Event (Details)	Apr. 25, 2016 class_of_stock $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2016 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 $ / shares shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, par value, in dollar per share | $ / shares		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized | shares		100,000,000	100,000,000
KindredBio Equine, Inc | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of classes of stock | class_of_stock	1
Common stock, par value, in dollar per share | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized | shares	1,000