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Stock-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan
The Company’s stock compensation plan, the 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2013 Incentive Plan”), was adopted by TRI Pointe in January 2013 and amended, with the approval of our stockholders, in 2014 and 2015. In addition, our board of directors amended the 2013 Incentive Plan in 2014 to prohibit repricing (other than in connection with any equity restructuring or any change in capitalization) of outstanding options or stock appreciation rights without stockholder approval. The 2013 Incentive Plan provides for the grant of equity-based awards, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, bonus stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance awards. The 2013 Incentive Plan will automatically expire on the tenth anniversary of its effective date. Our board of directors may terminate or amend the 2013 Incentive Plan at any time, subject to any requirement of stockholder approval required by applicable law, rule or regulation.
As amended, the number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2013 Incentive Plan is 11,727,833 shares. To the extent that shares of our common stock subject to an outstanding option, stock appreciation right, stock award or performance award granted under the 2013 Incentive Plan are not issued or delivered by reason of the expiration, termination, cancellation or forfeiture of such award or the settlement of such award in cash, then such shares of our common stock generally shall again be available under the 2013 Incentive Plan. As of September 30, 2018, there were 6,453,896 shares available for future grant under the 2013 Incentive Plan.
The following table presents compensation expense recognized related to all stock-based awards (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Total stock-based compensation
$
3,765

 
$
3,887

 
$
10,955

 
$
11,631


 
Stock-based compensation is charged to general and administrative expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.  As of September 30, 2018, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to all stock-based awards was $20.7 million and the weighted average term over which the expense was expected to be recognized was 1.8 years.
Summary of Stock Option Activity
The following table presents a summary of stock option awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
 
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Per Share
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2017
1,154,658

 
$
14.16

 
4.9

 
$
4,350

Granted

 

 

 

Exercised
(171,747
)
 
$
12.05

 

 

Forfeited
(29,006
)
 
$
12.73

 

 

Options outstanding at September 30, 2018
953,905

 
$
14.58

 
4.4

 
$
510

Options exercisable at September 30, 2018
953,905

 
$
14.58

 
4.4

 
$
510


 
The intrinsic value of each stock option award outstanding or exercisable is the difference between the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the end of the period and the exercise price of each stock option award to the extent it is considered “in-the-money”. A stock option award is considered to be “in-the-money” if the fair market value of the Company’s stock is greater than the exercise price of the stock option award. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and options exercisable represents the value that would have been received by the holders of stock option awards had they exercised their stock option award on the last trading day of the period and sold the underlying shares at the closing price on that day.

Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity
The following table presents a summary of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
 
Restricted
Stock
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
Nonvested RSUs at December 31, 2017
4,307,592

 
$
9.80

 
$
77,192

Granted
1,131,231

 
$
15.77

 

Vested
(1,102,727
)
 
$
12.47

 

Forfeited
(993,133
)
 
$
9.40

 

Nonvested RSUs at September 30, 2018
3,342,963

 
$
11.05

 
$
41,453


 
On April 30, 2018, the Company granted an aggregate of 40,910 RSUs to the non-employee members of its board of directors. On July 23, 2018, the Company granted 6,677 RSUs to a non-employee member of its board of directors in connection with such individual's appointment to the board of directors. These RSUs vest in their entirety on the day immediately prior to the Company's 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The fair value of each RSU granted on April 30, 2018 and July 23, 2018 was measured using a price of $17.11 and $16.37 per share, respectively, which was the closing stock price on the date of grant. Each award will be expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
On May 7, 2018 and February 22, 2018, the Company granted an aggregate of 4,258 and 633,107, respectively, of time-vested RSUs to certain employees and officers. The RSUs granted vest in equal installments annually on the anniversary of the grant date over a three year period.  The fair value of each RSU granted on May 7, 2018 and February 22, 2018 was measured using a price of $17.61 and $16.94 per share, respectively, which was the closing stock price on the date of grant. Each award will be expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

On February 22, 2018, the Company granted 184,179, 177,095, and 85,005 performance-based RSUs to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chief Financial Officer, respectively. These performance-based RSUs are allocated in equal parts to two separate performance metrics: (i) TSR, with vesting based on the Company’s TSR relative to its peer-group homebuilders; and (ii) earnings per share. The vesting, if at all, of these performance-based RSUs may range from 0% to 100% and will be based on the Company’s percentage attainment of specified threshold, target and maximum performance goals. The performance period for these performance-based RSUs is January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The fair value of the performance-based RSUs related to the TSR metric was determined to be $10.97 per share based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the performance-based RSUs related to the earnings per share goal was measured using a price of $16.94 per share, which was the closing stock price on the date of grant. Each award will be expensed over the requisite service period.

On February 15, 2018, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors certified the performance achieved with respect to performance-based RSUs granted to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chief Financial Officer in 2015 that resulted in the issuance of 197,898 shares of our common stock under the 2013 Incentive Plan. The vesting of these performance-based RSUs are included in the table above. RSUs that were forfeited, as reflected in the table above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included performance-based RSUs and time-based RSUs that were forfeited for no consideration.
On February 27, 2017, the Company granted an aggregate of 990,279 time-vested RSUs to certain employees and officers. The RSUs granted vest in equal installments annually on the anniversary of the grant date over a three year period.  The fair value of each RSU granted on February 27, 2017 was measured using a price of $12.10 per share, which was the closing stock price on the date of grant. Each award was expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

On February 27, 2017, the Company granted 257,851, 247,933 and 119,008 performance-based RSUs to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chief Financial Officer, respectively. These performance-based RSUs are allocated in equal parts to two separate performance metrics: (i) TSR, with vesting based on the Company’s TSR relative to its peer-group homebuilders; and (ii) earnings per share. The vesting, if at all, of these performance-based RSUs may range from 0% to 100% and will be based on the Company’s percentage attainment of specified threshold, target and maximum performance goals. The performance period for these performance-based RSUs is January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. The fair value of the performance-based RSUs related to the TSR metric was determined to be $6.16 per share based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the performance-based RSUs related to the earnings per share goal was measured using a price of $12.10 per share, which was the closing stock price on the date of grant. Each award will be expensed over the requisite service period.

On May 30, 2017, the Company granted an aggregate of 55,865 RSUs to the non-employee members of its board of directors. These RSUs vested in their entirety on the day immediately prior to the Company's 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The fair value of each RSU granted on May 30, 2017 was measured using a price of $12.53 per share, which was the closing stock price on the date of grant. Each award was expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
As RSUs vest for employees, a portion of the shares awarded is generally withheld to cover employee tax withholdings. As a result, the number of RSUs vested and the number of shares of TRI Pointe common stock issued will differ.