10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File No. 001-35806

The ExOne Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	46-1684608
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

127 Industry Boulevard

North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania 15642

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(724) 863-9663

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of class	Trading symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock	XONE	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of May 17, 2021, 22,216,497 shares of common stock, par value $0.01, were outstanding.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.     Financial Statements.

The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Consolidated Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per-share amounts)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Revenue	$	13,021		$	13,383
Cost of sales		11,021			9,754
Gross profit		2,000			3,629
Operating expenses
Research and development		2,624			2,476
Selling, general and administrative		5,893			6,163
Gain from sale-leaseback of property and equipment		—			(1,462	)
		8,517			7,177
Loss from operations		(6,517	)		(3,548	)
Other expense (income)
Interest expense		160			64
Other (income) expense  ̶  net		(125	)		(190	)
		35			(126	)
Loss before income taxes		(6,552	)		(3,422	)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(412	)		226
Net loss	$	(6,140	)	$	(3,648	)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.22	)
Diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.22	)
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(6,140	)	$	(3,648	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1,120	)		(838	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,260	)	$	(4,486	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per-share and share amounts)

	March 31,			December 31,
	2021			2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	137,321		$	49,668
Restricted cash		955			508
Accounts receivable  ̶  net		4,825			5,225
Current portion of net investment in sales-type leases  ̶  net		233			229
Inventories  ̶  net		23,015			20,562
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		6,724			4,451
Total current assets		173,073			80,643
Property and equipment  ̶  net		21,429			21,300
Operating lease right-of-use assets		3,429			4,043
Net investment in sales-type leases  ̶  net of current portion  ̶  net		449			509
Other noncurrent assets		460			794
Total assets	$	198,840		$	107,289
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	1,949		$	1,622
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,897			1,958
Accounts payable		6,158			4,501
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		5,452			4,978
Current portion of contract liabilities		14,877			13,586
Total current liabilities		30,333			26,645
Long-term debt  ̶  net of current portion		245			1,783
Operating lease liabilities  ̶  net of current portion		1,532			2,085
Contract liabilities  ̶  net of current portion		248			159
Other noncurrent liabilities		258			314
Total liabilities		32,616			30,986
Contingencies and commitments
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized,    22,030,401 (2021) and 20,009,157 (2020) shares issued and outstanding		220			200
Additional paid-in capital		315,274			218,113
Accumulated deficit		(138,012	)		(131,872	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(11,258	)		(10,138	)
Total stockholders' equity		166,224			76,303
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	198,840		$	107,289

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(6,140	)	$	(3,648	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used for operations:
Depreciation		993			923
Equity-based compensation		282			292
Amortization of debt issuance costs		7			19
(Recoveries) provision for bad debts  ̶  net		(47	)		51
Provision for slow-moving, obsolete and lower of cost or    net realizable value inventories  ̶  net		129			22
Foreign exchange gains on intercompany transactions  ̶  net		(136	)		(165	)
Gain from sale-leaseback of property and equipment		—			(1,462	)
Deferred income taxes		—			195
Loss on extinguishment of debt		119			—
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of foreign currency    translation adjustments:
Decrease in accounts receivable		311			1,487
Decrease (increase) in net investment in sales-type leases		56			(50	)
Increase in inventories		(3,500	)		(2,146	)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets		(1,389	)		(674	)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable		1,549			(1,408	)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities		395			(24	)
Increase in contract liabilities		1,468			1,849
Net cash used for operating activities		(5,903	)		(4,739	)
Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(1,067	)		(338	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		—			16,228
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities		(1,067	)		15,890
Financing activities
Payments on long-term debt		(1,226	)		(39	)
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options		1,100			—
Proceeds from common stock offerings, net of issuance costs		95,446			—
Other		(6	)		(3	)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities		95,314			(42	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(244	)		(31	)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		88,100			11,078
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		50,176			6,243
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	138,276		$	17,321
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Transfer of internally developed 3D printing machines from inventories to    property and equipment for internal use or leasing activities	$	975		$	852
Transfer of internally developed 3D printing machines from property    and equipment to inventories for sale	$	629		$	823
Property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	310		$	56
Common stock offering issuance costs included in accounts payable	$	158		$	—
Unsettled proceeds from exercise of employee stock options included in prepaid    expenses and other current assets	$	340		$	—
Debt issuance costs included in accounts payable	$	—		$	41

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Changes in Consolidated Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

										Accumulated
										other			Total
	Common stock				Additional		Accumulated			comprehensive			stockholders'
	Shares		$		paid-in capital		deficit			loss			equity
Balance at December 31, 2019		16,347	$	163	$	176,850	$	(116,948	)	$	(11,483	)	$	48,582
Net loss		—		—		—		(3,648	)		—			(3,648	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—			(838	)		(838	)
Equity-based compensation		—		1		291		—			—			292
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		39		—		—		—			—			—
Balance at March 31, 2020		16,386	$	164	$	177,141	$	(120,596	)	$	(12,321	)	$	44,388
Balance at December 31, 2020		20,009	$	200	$	218,113	$	(131,872	)	$	(10,138	)	$	76,303
Net loss		—		—		—		(6,140	)		—			(6,140	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—			(1,120	)		(1,120	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		282		—			—			282
Exercise of employee stock options		111		1		1,439		—			—			1,440
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		37		—		—		—			—			—
Common stock offering, net of issuance costs		1,873		19		95,440		—			—			95,459
Balance at March 31, 2021		22,030	$	220	$	315,274	$	(138,012	)	$	(11,258	)	$	166,224

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per-share and share amounts)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

Organization

The ExOne Company (“ExOne”) is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware. ExOne was formed on January 1, 2013, when The Ex One Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, merged with and into a Delaware corporation, which survived and changed its name to The ExOne Company (the “Reorganization”). As a result of the Reorganization, The Ex One Company, LLC became ExOne, the common and preferred interest holders of The Ex One Company, LLC became holders of common stock and preferred stock, respectively, of ExOne, and the subsidiaries of The Ex One Company, LLC became the subsidiaries of ExOne. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ExOne, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, ExOne Americas LLC (United States); ExOne GmbH (Germany); ExOne Property GmbH (Germany); and ExOne KK (Japan). Collectively, the consolidated group is referred to as the “Company”.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary by management to fairly state the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. The December 31, 2020 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in connection with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which includes all disclosures required by GAAP.

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Areas that require significant judgments, estimates and assumptions include accounting for accounts receivable (including the allowance for doubtful accounts); inventories (including the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories); product warranty reserves; contingencies; revenue (including the allocation of a sales contract’s total transaction price to each performance obligation for contracts with multiple performance obligations); and equity-based compensation (including the valuation of certain equity-based compensation awards issued by the Company). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus a global pandemic (“COVID-19”) and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The impact of COVID-19 and the related economic, business and market disruptions were wide-ranging and continue to be significant. As a result of COVID-19, the Company was required to temporarily close its operations at its North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania facility for the period from March 23 through March 30, 2020. In response to COVID-19, the Company has incurred incremental costs associated with protecting the health and safety of the Company’s global workforce, enhanced sanitization of the Company’s global operating facilities, and information technology capabilities for employees operating remotely. Beginning in March 2020, restrictions imposed by various governmental authorities on both domestic and international shipping and travel have caused a disruption to the timing of delivery and installation of the Company’s 3D printing machines, resulting in negative impacts to the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The duration and severity of the outbreak and its long-term impact on the Company’s business remain uncertain. The Company is unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on its future financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”). Recently issued ASUs not listed below either were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are currently expected to have no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” This ASU added a new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to most debt instruments, trade receivables, lease receivables, financial guarantee contracts, and other loan commitments. The CECL model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses and entities will need to measure expected credit losses on assets

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that have a low risk of loss. As a smaller reporting company pursuant to Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, these changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2023. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Note 2. Common Stock Offerings

In September 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord Genuity LLC (“Canaccord”) pursuant to which Canaccord agreed to act as sales agent in the sale of up to $25,000 in the aggregate of ExOne common stock in “at-the-market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement required a 3.0% commission on the sale of ExOne common stock as well as the reimbursement of certain expenses incurred by Canaccord. The Company did not sell any shares under the Equity Distribution Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

In February 2021, the Company terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement. At the time of the termination of the agreement, the remaining maximum offering capacity was $9,269. There were no fees or penalties incurred by the Company in connection with the termination of the Equity Distribution Agreement.  

In February 2021, following the termination of the Equity Distribution Agreement, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell up to 1,666,667 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $54.00 per share. In addition, the Company granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 205,907 shares of its common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions. Under the agreement, the Company agreed to pay underwriting discounts and commissions of $2.835 per share, as well as reimburse the underwriters for certain expenses. The underwriters exercised their option to purchase 205,907 shares of the Company’s stock in-full.

As a result of this common stock offering, during February 2021, the Company sold 1,872,574 shares of its common stock and received net proceeds (after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions) of $95,725. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company incurred expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions) associated with the common stock offering of $266. At March 31, 2021, $158 of the expenses remained unpaid (including in accounts payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet).

Note 3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(10,138	)	$	(11,483	)
Other comprehensive loss		(1,120	)		(838	)
Balance at end of period	$	(11,258	)	$	(12,321	)

Foreign currency translation adjustments consist of the effect of translation of functional currency financial statements (denominated in the euro and Japanese yen) to the reporting currency of the Company (United States dollar) and certain long-term intercompany transactions between subsidiaries for which settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future.

There were no tax impacts related to income tax rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings for either of the periods presented.

Note 4. Loss Per Share

The Company presents basic and diluted loss per common share amounts. Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the applicable period.

As the Company incurred a net loss during each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, basic average common shares outstanding and diluted average common shares outstanding were the same because the effect of potential shares of common stock, including stock options (535,164 – 2021 and 838,383 – 2020) and unvested restricted stock issued (151,391 – 2021 and 68,513 – 2020), was anti-dilutive.

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The information used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Net loss	$	(6,140	)	$	(3,648	)
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted)		21,043,287			16,369,390
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.22	)
Diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.22	)

Note 5. Revenue

The Company derives revenue from the sale of 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s) under a contract (either implicit or explicit) by transferring the promised product or service to a customer, which is when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. As such, revenue is recorded net of returns, allowances, customer discounts, and incentives. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenue) basis. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales.

Certain of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. Sales of 3D printing machines may also include optional equipment, materials, replacement components and services (installation, training and other services, including maintenance services and/or an extended warranty). Certain other contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the Company’s best estimate of stand-alone selling price for each distinct product or service in the contract, which is generally based on an observable price.

The Company’s revenue from products is transferred to customers at a point in time. The Company’s contracts for 3D printing machines generally include substantive customer acceptance provisions. Revenue under these contracts is recognized when customer acceptance provisions have been satisfied. For all other product sales, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product, which is generally when product title passes to the customer upon delivery. In certain cases, title does not transfer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at its physical location.

The Company’s revenue from service arrangements includes deferred maintenance contracts and extended warranties that can be purchased at the customer’s option. The Company generally provides a standard one-year warranty on the Company’s 3D printing machines, which is considered an assurance type warranty, and not considered a separate performance obligation (Note 8). Revenue associated with deferred maintenance contracts is generally recognized at a point in time when the related services are performed where sufficient historical evidence indicates that the costs of performing the related services under the contract are not incurred on a straight-line basis, with such revenue recognized in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred. Revenue associated with extended warranties is generally recognized over time on a straight-line basis over the related contract period.

The Company generates certain revenues through the sale of research and development services. Revenue under research and development service contracts is generally recognized over time where progress is measured in a manner that reflects the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer. Depending on the facts and circumstances surrounding each research and development service contract, revenue is recognized over time using either an input measure (based on the entity’s direct costs incurred in an effort to satisfy the performance obligations) or an output measure (specifically units or parts delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements).

A portion of the Company’s service revenue is generated through contracts with the federal government under fixed-fee, cost reimbursable and time and materials arrangements (certain of which may have periods of performance greater than one year). Revenue under these contracts is generally recognized over time using an input measure based upon direct costs incurred.

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenue by product group for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
3D printing machines	$	4,905	$	6,317
3D printed and other products, materials and services		8,116		7,066
	$	13,021	$	13,383

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The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets) and deferred revenue and customer prepayments (contract liabilities) in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company considers a number of factors in its evaluation of the creditworthiness of its customers, including past due amounts, past payment history, and current economic conditions. For 3D printing machines, the Company’s terms of sale vary by transaction. To reduce credit risk in connection with 3D printing machine sales, the Company may, depending upon the circumstances, require customers to furnish letters of credit or bank guarantees or to provide advanced payment (either partial or in full). For 3D printed and other products and materials, the Company’s terms of sale generally require payment within 30 to 60 days after delivery, although the Company also recognizes that longer payment periods are customary in certain countries where it transacts business. Service arrangements are generally billed in accordance with specific contract terms and are typically billed in advance or in proportion to performance of the related services.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $2,458 related to contract liabilities at January 1, 2021. There were no other significant changes in contract liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Contract assets were not significant during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $47,800 of remaining performance obligations (including contract liabilities), which is also referred to as backlog, of which approximately $40,200 is expected to be fulfilled during the next twelve months notwithstanding uncertainty related to the impact of COVID-19 (Note 1) including, but not limited to, international shipping and travel restrictions brought about by COVID-19 which could have an adverse effect on the timing of delivery and installation of products and/or services to customers.

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient associated with incremental costs of obtaining a contract, and as such, sales commission expense is generally expensed when incurred because the amortization period would be one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

Accounts receivable and net investment in sales-type leases are reported at their net realizable value. The Company carries its investment in sales-type leases based on discounting the minimum lease payments by the interest rate implicit in the lease, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts related to accounts receivable and net investment in sales-type leases is based on the Company’s evaluation of customer accounts with past-due outstanding balances or specific accounts for which it has information that the customer may be unable to meet its financial obligations. Based upon review of these accounts, and management’s analysis and judgment, the Company records a specific allowance for that customer’s accounts receivable or net investment in sales-type lease balance to reduce the outstanding balance to the amount expected to be collected. The allowance is re-evaluated and adjusted periodically as additional information is received that impacts the allowance amount reserved. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $503 and $576, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded net (recoveries) provision for bad debts of $(47) and $51, respectively.

Note 6. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet to the same such amounts shown in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated cash flows as of the dates indicated:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	137,321	$	49,668
Restricted cash		955		508
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	138,276	$	50,176

Restricted cash at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 included $508 associated with cash collateral required by a United States bank to offset certain short-term, unsecured lending commitments associated with the Company’s corporate credit card program. 

Restricted cash at March 31, 2021 included $447 associated with cash collateral required by a German bank for short-term financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security (Note 9).

Each of the balances described above are considered legally restricted by the Company.

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Note 7. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Raw materials and components	$	10,875	$	9,436
Work in process		5,281		4,797
Finished goods		6,859		6,329
	$	23,015	$	20,562

Raw materials and components consist of consumable materials and component parts and subassemblies associated with 3D printing machine manufacturing and support activities. Work in process consists of 3D printing machines and other products in varying stages of completion. Finished goods consist of 3D printing machines and other products prepared for sale in accordance with customer specifications.

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories was $2,702 and $2,678, respectively, and has been reflected as a reduction to inventories (principally raw materials and components). The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,678		$	3,443
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories  ̶  net		129			22
Reductions for sale, consumption or scrap of previously    reserved amounts		(1	)		(36	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(104	)		(59	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,702		$	3,370

Note 8. Product Warranty Reserves

Substantially all of the Company’s 3D printing machines are covered by a standard one-year warranty. Generally, at the time of sale, a liability is recorded (with an offset to cost of sales) based upon the expected cost of replacement parts and labor to be incurred over the life of the standard warranty. Expected cost is estimated using historical experience for similar products. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of the product warranty reserves based on changes in these factors and records any necessary adjustments if actual experience indicates that adjustments are necessary. Future claims experience could be materially different from prior results because of the introduction of new, more complex products, a change in the Company’s warranty policy in response to industry trends, competition or other external forces, or manufacturing changes that could impact product quality. In the event that the Company determines that its current or future product repair and replacement costs exceed estimates, an adjustment to these reserves would be charged to cost of sales in the period such a determination is made.

The following table summarizes changes in product warranty reserves, which amounts were reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,335		$	866
Provisions for new issuances		362			276
Payments		(705	)		(344	)
Reserve adjustments		212			20
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(32	)		(8	)
Balance at end of period	$	1,172		$	810

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Note 9. Contingencies and Commitments

Contingencies

On March 1, 2018, the Company’s ExOne GmbH subsidiary notified Voxeljet AG that it had materially breached a 2003 Patent and Know-How Transfer Agreement and asserted its rights to set-off damages as a result of the breaches against the annual license fee due from the Company under the agreement. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a contingency, if any, related to this matter.

The Company is subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

Commitments

In the normal course of its operations, ExOne GmbH issues short-term financial guarantees and letters of credit to third parties in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security through a credit facility with a German bank. The credit facility provides a capacity amount of $4,105 (€3,500) for the issuance of financial guarantees and letters of credit for commercial transactions requiring security.  The credit facility does not require cash collateral for the issuance of financial guarantees and letters of credit for commercial transaction requiring security for amounts up to $1,173 (€1,000).  Amounts in excess of $1,173 (€1,000) require cash collateral under the credit facility.

At March 31, 2021, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH under the credit facility were $1,619 (€1,381), with expiration dates ranging from June 2021 through March 2023. At March 31, 2021, cash collateral of $447 (€381) was required for financial guarantees and letters of credit issued under the credit facility (included in restricted cash in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet). At December 31, 2020, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH under the amended credit facility were $928 (€756). At December 31, 2020, no cash collateral was required for financial guarantees and letters of credit issued under the credit facility.

Note 10. Related Party Revolving Credit Facility

On March 12, 2018, the Company and its ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors (collectively, the “Loan Parties”), entered into a Credit Agreement and related ancillary agreements with LBM Holdings, LLC (“LBM”), a company controlled by S. Kent Rockwell, who was the Executive Chairman of the Company (a related party) at such date and is currently Chairman of the Company, relating to a $15,000 revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) to provide additional funding to the Company for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement provided a credit facility for a term of three years (through March 12, 2021), bearing interest at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 500 basis points. The Credit Agreement required a commitment fee of 75 basis points, or 0.75%, on the unused portion of the facility, payable monthly in arrears. In addition, an up-front commitment fee of 125 basis points, or 1.25% ($188), was required at closing. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement were collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories and machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties.

On February 18, 2020, the Loan Parties and LBM entered into a First Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) which (i) reduced the available capacity under the revolving credit facility to $10,000, (ii) extended the term of the credit facility until March 31, 2024, (iii) increased the commitment fee to 100 basis points, or 1.00%, on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, and (iv) provided a process for the replacement of the LIBOR index after 2021. In addition, the accounts receivable of ExOne GmbH no longer served as collateral for borrowings under the amended revolving credit facility.

Under the terms of the amended credit facility, the Company could make prepayments against outstanding borrowings, reduce the credit commitment or terminate the credit commitment at any time without penalty.

The Company incurred $265 in debt issuance costs associated with the inception of the credit facility (including the aforementioned up-front commitment fee paid at closing to LBM) and $49 in debt issuance costs associated with the Amendment.

On March 5, 2021, the Company terminated the related party revolving credit facility.  There were no penalties associated with the Company’s termination of the related party revolving credit facility. Due to the termination, the Company accelerated the amortization of the remaining debt issuance costs associated with the related party revolving credit facility, resulting in recognition of a $105 loss on the extinguishment of debt during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded interest expense related to the credit facility of $129, comprised of the aforementioned $105 loss on extinguishment of debt, $18 associated with the commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility and $6 associated with the amortization of debt issuance costs.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded interest related to the credit facility of $45, comprised of $27 associated with the commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility and $18 associated with the amortization of debt issuance costs.

There were no borrowings under the credit facility during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2020.

Note 11. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	March 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Principal			Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Net			Principal			Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs			Net
Paycheck Protection Program loan	$	2,194		$	—	$	2,194		$	2,194		$	—		$	2,194
Building note payable		—			—		—			1,226			(15	)		1,211
Less: Amount due within one year		(1,949	)		—		(1,949	)		(1,626	)		4			(1,622	)
	$	245		$	—	$	245		$	1,794		$	(11	)	$	1,783

On April 18, 2020, the Company entered into an unsecured promissory note (the “Note”) with an unrelated United States bank (the “Lender”) reflecting a loan in the principal amount of $2,194 (the “Loan”). The Loan was granted pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) administered by the United States Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Note, the Loan bears interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum and matures on April 18, 2022 (the “Maturity Date”). Under the terms of the Note, principal and interest payments on the Loan were deferred until November 18, 2020, at which time equal installments of principal and interest would have been due and payable monthly through the Maturity Date. Subsequent to the Company entering into the Note, in June 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 was enacted, which extended the deferral of principal and interest payments on the Loan from November 2020 to August 2021.  The Note may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity without penalty. If the Company defaults on the Note, the Lender may, at its option, accelerate the maturity of the Company’s obligations under the Note.

Pursuant to the terms of the PPP, the Loan, or a portion thereof, may be forgiven if Loan proceeds are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, such as payroll costs, costs used to continue group health care benefits, mortgage interest payments, rent and utilities. The Company used all of the Loan proceeds for qualifying expenses. The terms of the Loan, including eligibility and forgiveness, may be subject to further requirements in the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 and in regulations and guidance adopted by the SBA. The Company has elected to account for the Loan in accordance with the terms of the Note while its forgiveness eligibility remains subject to review.

On May 21, 2012, the Company entered into a building note payable with an unrelated United States bank. Terms of the building note payable included monthly payments of $18, including interest at 4.00% through May 2017, and subsequently, monthly payments of $19 including interest at the monthly average yield on United States Treasury Securities plus 3.25% for the remainder of the term through May 2027.

On February 26, 2021, the Company extinguished its building note payable in-full through cash payment of $1,199. The Company did not incur any prepayment penalties related to the extinguishment of the building note payable in advance of the maturity date (May 2027). At the extinguishment date, the net carrying amount of the building note payable was $1,185. As a result, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $14 (included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss), which represents the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs.

Future maturities of long-term debt at March 31, 2021, were as follows:

2021	$	1,217
2022		977
	$	2,194

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At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the fair value of long-term debt was $2,141 and $3,382, respectively.  The fair value of long-term debt has been estimated by management based on the consideration of applicable interest rates, including certain instruments at variable or floating rates and the nominal fixed interest rate (1.0%) associated with the Company’s PPP Loan and other available information (including quoted prices of similar instruments available to the Company).  The fair value of long-term debt was measured using inputs categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Note 12. Income Taxes

The (benefit) provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was ($412) and $226, respectively. The Company has completed a discrete period computation of its (benefit) provision for income taxes for each of the periods presented. The discrete period computation was required as a result of jurisdictions with losses before income taxes for which no tax benefit can be recognized and an inability to generate reliable estimates for results in certain jurisdictions as a result of inconsistencies in generating net operating profits (losses) in those jurisdictions.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was 6.3% (benefit on a loss) and 6.6% (provision on a loss), respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the effective tax rate differed from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the period and recognition of a discrete income tax benefit of $412 related to the carryback of net operating losses in Japan.  During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company received confirmation from Japanese tax authorities that ExOne KK met the definition of a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) under Japanese tax regulations, eliminating certain restrictions on the use of net operating losses to offset taxable income. ExOne KK filed amended tax returns related to tax years 2016 through 2019 to carryback net operating losses, resulting in total tax refunds of $412.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the effective tax rate differed from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the period.

The Company has provided a valuation allowance for certain of its net deferred tax assets as a result of the Company not generating consistent net operating profits in certain jurisdictions in which it operates. As such, certain benefits from deferred taxes in the periods presented have been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for the related net deferred tax assets. The Company continues to assess its future taxable income by jurisdiction based on recent historical operating results, the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, various tax planning strategies that the Company may be able to enact in future periods, the impact of potential operating changes on the business and forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that the Company is able to reach the conclusion that net deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of the above factors in a single, or in multiple, taxing jurisdictions, a reversal of the related portion of the Company’s existing valuation allowances may occur.

Note 13. Equity-Based Compensation

On January 24, 2013, the Board adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). In connection with the adoption of the Plan, 500,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the Plan, with automatic increases in such reserve available each year annually on January 1 from 2014 through 2023 equal to the lesser of 3.0% of the total outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year, or a number of shares of common stock determined by the Board, provided that the maximum number of shares authorized under the Plan could not exceed 1,992,241 shares, subject to certain adjustments. The maximum number of shares authorized under the Plan was reached on January 1, 2017. At March 31, 2021, 494,087 shares remained available for future issuance under the Plan.

Stock options and restricted stock issued by the Company under the Plan are generally subject to service conditions resulting in annual vesting on the anniversary of the date of grant over a period typically ranging between one and three years. Certain equity-based compensation awards issued by the Company under the Plan vest immediately upon issuance. Stock options issued by the Company under the Plan have contractual lives which expire over a period typically ranging between five and ten years from the date of grant, subject to continued service to the Company by the participant.

On February 5, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2020 Annual Incentive Program (the “2020 Program”) as a subplan under the Plan. The 2020 Program provided an opportunity for performance-based compensation to senior executive officers of the Company, among others. The target annual incentive for each 2020 Program participant was expressed as a percentage of base salary and was conditioned on the achievement of certain financial goals (as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board). The Compensation Committee of the Board retained negative discretion over amounts payable under the 2020 Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded no equity-based compensation expense based on the estimated outcome of the defined financial goals for 2020 under the 2020 Program.

On February 2, 2021, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2021 Annual Incentive Program (the “2021 Program”) as a subplan under the Plan.  The 2021 Program provided an opportunity for performance-based compensation to senior executive officers of the Company, among others.  The target annual incentive for each 2021 Program participant was expressed as a percentage of base salary and was conditioned on the achievement of certain financial and/or individual performance goals (as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board).  The Compensation Committee of the Board retained negative discretion over amounts payable under the 2021 Program.  During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded $22 in equity-based compensation expense based on the estimated outcome of the defined financial and individual goals for 2021 under the 2021 Program.

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On February 2, 2021, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2021 Executive Stock Performance Program (the “ESPP”) as a subplan under the Plan.  The ESPP provided an opportunity for senior executive officers of the Company to earn performance-based compensation based on the performance of the Company’s common stock over a one-year period ending December 31, 2021. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded $14 in equity-based compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of the equity-based compensation awards expected to be granted under the ESPP.

The following table summarizes the total equity-based compensation expense recognized by the Company for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Stock options	$	90	$	145
Restricted stock		150		141
Other(a)		42		6
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes		282		292
Benefit for income taxes(b)		—		—
Total equity-based compensation expense net of income taxes	$	282	$	292

(a) For 2021, Other represents expense associated with the 2021 Program, the ESPP, and certain employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity. For 2020, Other represents activity associated with certain employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity.

(b) The Benefit for income taxes from equity-based compensation for each of the periods presented has been determined to be $0 based on recorded valuation allowances against net deferred tax assets.

At March 31, 2021, total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company was $291 for stock options and $1,213 for restricted stock. Total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.2 years.

The fair value of stock options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

Weighted average fair value per stock option	$	19.04
Volatility	71.1%
Average risk-free interest rate	0.5%
Dividend yield	0.0%
Expected term (years)	3.5

Volatility is estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price consistent with the expected term of the awards. The average risk-free rate is based on a weighted average yield curve of risk-free interest rates consistent with the expected term of the awards. Expected dividend yield is based on historical dividend data as well as future expectations. Expected term is calculated using the simplified method as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise experience upon which to base an estimate.

The activity for stock options was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021							2020
	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		641,232		$	9.80	$	4.74		854,259		$	9.34	$	4.49
Stock options granted		4,500		$	38.22	$	19.04		—		$	—	$	—
Stock options exercised		(110,568	)	$	13.02	$	7.38		—		$	—	$	—
Stock options forfeited		—		$	—	$	—		(6,876	)	$	7.01	$	2.84
Stock options expired		—		$	—	$	—		(9,000	)	$	10.89	$	5.82
Outstanding at end of period		535,164		$	9.38	$	4.31		838,383		$	9.35	$	4.49
Exercisable at end of period		391,692		$	9.66	$	4.60		499,139		$	10.74	$	5.52
Expected to vest at end of period		143,472		$	8.61	$	3.52		339,244		$	7.30	$	2.96

At March 31, 2021, intrinsic value associated with stock options exercisable and expected to vest was $8,500 and $3,296, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term of stock options exercisable and expected to vest at March 31, 2021, was 2.8 years and 3.8 years, respectively. Stock options with an aggregate intrinsic value of $3,597 were exercised by employees during the three months ended March 31, 2021, resulting in proceeds to the Company from the exercise of stock options of $1,440 (of which, at March

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31, 2021, $340 remained unsettled and was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet). The Company recorded no income tax benefit related to these exercises. There were no stock option exercises during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The activity for restricted stock was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021					2020
	Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		188,891		$	9.52		66,513		$	8.76
Restricted stock granted		—		$	—		37,500		$	7.12
Restricted stock vested		(37,500	)	$	7.12		(35,500	)	$	9.63
Restricted stock forfeited		—		$	—		—		$	—
Outstanding at end of period		151,391		$	10.12		68,513		$	7.41
Restricted stock expected to vest at end of period		151,391		$	10.12		68,513		$	7.41

Restricted stock that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, had a fair value of $1,505 and $248, respectively.

Note 14. Concentration of Credit Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company conducted a significant portion of its business with a limited number of customers, though not necessarily the same customers for each respective period. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s five most significant customers represented 33.3% and 33.1% of total revenue, respectively. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accounts receivable from the Company’s five most significant customers were $1,224 and $1,775, respectively.

Note 15. Other (Income) Expense – Net

Other (income) expense – net consisted of the following for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Interest income	$	(3	)	$	(12	)
Foreign currency gains  ̶  net		(136	)		(165	)
Other – net		14			(13	)
	$	(125	)	$	(190	)

Note 16. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all of its activities and concluded that no other subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

(dollars in thousands, except per-share amounts)

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act with respect to our future financial or business performance, strategies, or expectations. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by words or phrases such as “trend,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “pipeline,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve,” as well as similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” and “may.”

We caution that forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we assume no duty, and do not undertake, to update forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.

In addition to items described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, the following factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance: the severity and duration of world health events, including the COVID-19 outbreak and the related economic repercussions and operational challenges; our ability to consistently generate operating profits; fluctuations in our revenues and operating results; our competitive environment and our competitive position; our ability to enhance our current three-dimensional (“3D”) printing machines and technology and to develop and introduce new 3D printing machines; our ability to qualify more industrial materials in which we can print; demand for our products; the availability of skilled personnel; the impact of loss of key management; the impact of customer specific terms in machine sale agreements in determining the period in which we recognize revenue; risks related to global operations including effects of foreign currency and COVID-19; dependency on certain critical suppliers; nature or impact of alliances and strategic investments; reliance on critical information technology systems; the effect of litigation, contingencies and warranty claims; liabilities under laws and regulations protecting the environment; the impact of governmental laws and regulations; operating hazards, cyberattacks, war, terrorism and cancellation or unavailability of insurance coverage; the impact of disruption of our manufacturing facilities or ExOne Adoption Centers (“EACs”); the adequacy of our protection of our intellectual property; expectations regarding demand for our industrial products, and other matters with regard to outlook; and other factors beyond our control, including the impact of COVID-19.

Overview

We are a global provider of 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services to industrial customers. Our business primarily consists of manufacturing and selling 3D printing machines and printing products to specification for our customers using our global installed base of 3D printing machines. Our machines serve direct (metal) and indirect (sand) applications.  Direct printing produces a component; indirect printing makes a tool to produce a component. We offer pre-production collaboration and print products for customers through our network of EACs. We also supply the associated materials, including consumables and replacement parts, and other services, including training and technical support, that are necessary for purchasers of our 3D printing machines to print products. We believe that our ability to print in a variety of industrial materials, as well as our industry-leading volumetric output (as measured by build box size and printing speed), uniquely position us to serve the needs of industrial customers.

Outlook

We are the global leader in industrial 3D printers utilizing binder jetting technology. Our continued focus is to achieve profitable growth via three strategic initiatives:

- Expand Both Our Customer and Application Focus. We intend to leverage our substantial experience in binder jetting technology to focus on the highest value industries and applications. We have made a significant investment in our global commercial operations to drive our growth in this area.

- Extend the Capabilities of Our Core Technology. We intend to expand our core binder jetting technology through our machine platforms while at the same time lowering the total cost of ownership of our systems for our customers. We are also focused on driving modularity among our various machine platforms for both direct (metal) and indirect (sand) applications.

- Execute on Recurring Revenue Growth. We intend to execute on our plan to expand our offerings for 3D printed and other products, materials and services while better leveraging our growing global installed base of 3D printers.

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The impact of COVID-19 and the related economic, business and market disruptions were wide-ranging and continue to be significant. As a result of COVID-19, we were required to temporarily close our operations at our North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania facility for the period from March 23 through March 30, 2020. In response to COVID-19, we have incurred incremental costs associated with protecting the health and safety of our global workforce, enhanced sanitization of our global operating facilities, and information technology capabilities for employees operating remotely. Beginning in March 2020, restrictions imposed by various governmental authorities on both domestic and international shipping and travel have caused a disruption to the timing of delivery and installation of our 3D printing machines, resulting in negative impacts to our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The duration and severity of the outbreak and its long-term impact on our business remain uncertain. We are unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our future financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Our operating results continue to be impacted by a prolonged downturn in global manufacturing trends as a result of COVID-19 which has influenced the capital expenditure investments of our customers. Despite these headwinds, we ended the first quarter of 2021 with a backlog balance of approximately $47,800. We expect the combination of our backlog at March 31, 2021 and an acceleration in market adoption of our binder jetting technology, including our latest printer platforms (our X1 25Pro, X1 160Pro and InnoventPro^® for metal applications and S-Max Pro for sand applications), to provide the basis for our operating stability and growth in 2021 despite continuing negative macroeconomic trends for global manufacturing, including the impact of COVID-19.

Additionally, in February 2021, we announced the ExOne Metal Designlab^TM printer and X1F advanced sintering furnace in an exclusive partnership with Rapidia, a Vancouver, Canada-based technology company. This partnership allows us to expand our metal printing offerings to include an office-friendly solution that carries certain technological advantages (including proprietary materials and processing efficiency) and includes a complementary advanced sintering furnace designed by Rapidia that additionally pairs with certain of our binder jetting platforms. We expect to begin delivery of Metal Designlab units to market beginning in the second quarter of 2021.

Based on an increased levels of customer awareness and demand in additive manufacturing technologies, and our enhanced liquidity position (further discussed below) we expect to invest further in our production, development and commercial infrastructure during the remainder of 2021 in an effort to drive our future growth.

Backlog

At March 31, 2021, our backlog was approximately $47,800 of which approximately $40,200 is expected to be fulfilled during the next twelve months notwithstanding uncertainty related to the impact of COVID-19 (further discussed above) including, but not limited to, domestic and international shipping and travel restrictions brought about by COVID-19 which could have an adverse effect on the timing of delivery and installation of products and/or services to customers. At December 31, 2020, our backlog was approximately $39,400 and at March 31, 2020 our backlog was approximately $33,800.

Seasonality

Purchases of our 3D printing machines are often subject to the capital expenditure cycles of our customers. Generally, 3D printing machine sales are higher in our third and fourth quarters than in our first and second quarters; however, as acceptance of our 3D printing machines as a credible alternative to traditional methods of production grows, we expect to limit the seasonality we experience.

We believe that COVID-19 may have an adverse effect on the future capital expenditure decisions of our customers outside of their normal spending cycles, which may impact the timing and extent of such decisions.

Results of Operations

Net Loss

Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $6,140, or $0.29 per basic and diluted share, compared with a net loss of $3,648, or $0.22 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in our net loss was principally due to a decrease in gross profit (further described below) and the absence of a gain of $1,462 recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 associated with the sale-leaseback of our European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany.

Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by product group for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021				2020
3D printing machines	$	4,905	37.7	%	$	6,317	47.2	%
3D printed and other products, materials and services		8,116	62.3	%		7,066	52.8	%
	$	13,021	100.0	%	$	13,383	100.0	%

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Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $13,021, compared with revenue of $13,383 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, a decrease of $362, or 2.7%. The decrease in revenue resulted from a decrease in revenue attributable to our 3D printing machines product group, partially offset by an increase in revenue attributable to our 3D printed and other products, materials and services product group.

The decrease in revenues from 3D printing machines of $1,412 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, or 22.4%, as compared to the same period in the prior year, resulted primarily from lower volumes (seven units sold during the three months ended March 31, 2021 versus 14 units sold during the three months ended March 31, 2020), partially offset by a favorable mix of machines sold.

The increase in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services for the three months ended March 31, 2021 of $1,050, or 14.9%, resulted primarily from an increase in aftermarket revenues of $639 based on growth in our global installed base of 3D printing machines and an increase of $633 associated with funded research and development arrangements primarily due to a healthcare project commencing during the fourth quarter of 2020. Offsetting these increases were reductions in revenues of $189 from our global EACs, primarily based on lower customer demand for indirect printed products.

Revenue for both product groups was impacted by COVID-19, including disruptions to domestic and international shipping and travel in addition to the negative macroeconomic effects.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $11,021, compared with cost of sales of $9,754 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, an increase of $1,267, or 13.0%. Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $2,000, compared with gross profit of $3,629 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, a decrease of $1,629. Gross profit percentage was 15.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared with 27.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to lower realized pricing on products, unfavorable warranty experience, and an increase in net charges for slow-moving and obsolete inventories between periods.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $2,624, compared with research and development expenses of $2,476 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, an increase of $148, or 6.0%. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to an increase of $179 in depreciation expense based on the recognition of accelerated depreciation of a 3D printing machine used for research and development as a result of a technical evaluation undertaken during the period and an increase of $102 in material related costs based primarily on increases in machine development spending. Offsetting these increases was a reduction in travel-related costs associated with COVID-19 of $55 and a reduction in consulting and professional fees of $54.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $5,893, compared with selling, general and administrative expenses of $6,163 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, a decrease of $270, or 4.4%. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was principally due to decreases associated with COVID-19, including employee-related costs of $262 and travel-related expenses of $183, as well as a net recovery for bad debts of $47 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to bad debt expense of $51 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Offsetting these decreases was an increase in consulting and professional fees of $179.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $160, compared with interest expense of $64 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, an increase of $96, or 150.0%. The increase in interest expense was principally due to a $105 loss on the extinguishment of debt recognized due to the termination of our related party revolving credit facility during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and a $14 loss on extinguishment of debt due to the extinguishment of our building note payable during the three-months ended March 31, 2021. Offsetting these increases was lower interest associated with the related party revolving credit facility (including lower debt issuance cost amortization) following amendment of the Credit Agreement in February 2020.

Other (Income) Expense – Net

Other (income) expense – net for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was ($125), compared with other (income) expense – net of ($190) for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The change of $65 was principally due to unfavorable foreign exchange rate changes and the related impact on certain intercompany transactions between subsidiaries for which settlement has occurred or is planned.

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(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes

The (benefit) provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was ($412) and $226, respectively. We have completed a discrete period computation of our (benefit) provision for income taxes for each of the periods presented. The discrete period computation was required as a result of jurisdictions with losses before income taxes for which no tax benefit can be recognized and an inability to generate reliable estimates for results in certain jurisdictions as a result of inconsistencies in generating net operating profits (losses) in those jurisdictions.  

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was 6.3% (benefit on a loss) and 6.6% (provision on a loss), respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the effective tax rate differed from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the period and recognition of a discrete income tax benefit of $412 related to the carryback of net operating losses in Japan. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we received confirmation from Japanese tax authorities that ExOne KK met the definition of a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) under Japanese tax regulations, eliminating certain restrictions on the use of net operating losses to offset taxable income. ExOne KK filed amended tax returns related to tax years 2016 through 2019 to carryback net operating losses, resulting in total tax refunds of $412.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the effective tax rate differed from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the period.

We have provided a valuation allowance for certain of our net deferred tax assets as a result of our inability to generate consistent net operating profits in certain jurisdictions in which we operate. As such, certain benefits from deferred taxes in the periods presented have been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for the related net deferred tax assets. We continue to assess our future taxable income by jurisdiction based on our recent historical operating results, the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, various tax planning strategies that we may be able to enact in future periods, the impact of potential operating changes on our business and our forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that we are able to reach the conclusion that net deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of the above factors in a single, or multiple, taxing jurisdictions, a reversal of the related portion of our existing valuation allowances may occur.

Impact of Inflation

Our results of operations and financial condition are presented based on historical cost. While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition are not significant.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred a net loss in each of our annual periods since our inception. We incurred a net loss of $6,140 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. At March 31, 2021, we had $137,321 in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

Common Stock Offerings

Since our inception we have received cumulative unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of our common stock (through our initial public offering and subsequent public offerings, including at-the-market offerings) of $303,255 to fund our operations.

In September 2020, we entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord Genuity LLC (“Canaccord”) pursuant to which Canaccord agreed to act as sales agent in the sale of up to $25,000 in the aggregate of our common stock in “at-the-market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement required a 3.0% commission on the sale of our common stock as well as the reimbursement of certain expenses incurred by Canaccord.  We did not sell any shares under the Equity Distribution Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

In February 2021, we terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement. At the time of the termination of the agreement, the remaining maximum offering capacity was $9,269. There were no fees or penalties incurred by us in connection with the termination of the Equity Distribution Agreement.  

In February 2021, following the termination of the Equity Distribution Agreement, we entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell up to 1,666,667 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $54.00 per share. In addition, we granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 205,907 shares of its common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions. Under the agreement, we agreed to pay underwriting discounts and commissions of $2.835 per share, as well as reimburse the underwriters for certain expenses. The underwriters exercised their option to purchase 205,907 shares of our stock in-full.

As a result of this common stock offering, during February 2021, we sold 1,872,574 shares of our common stock and received net proceeds (after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions) of $95,725. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we incurred expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions) associated with the common stock offering of $266.  

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Related Party Revolving Credit Facility

On March 12, 2018, we and our ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors (collectively, the “Loan Parties”), entered into a Credit Agreement and related ancillary agreements with LBM Holdings, LLC (“LBM”), a company controlled by S. Kent Rockwell, who was our Executive Chairman (a related party) at such date and is currently our Chairman, relating to a $15,000 revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) to provide additional funding to us for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement provided a credit facility for a term of three years (through March 12, 2021), bearing interest at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 500 basis points. The Credit Agreement required a commitment fee of 75 basis points, or 0.75%, on the unused portion of the facility, payable monthly in arrears. In addition, an up-front commitment fee of 125 basis points, or 1.25% ($188), was required at closing. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement were collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories and machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties.

On February 18, 2020, the Loan Parties and LBM entered into a First Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) which (i) reduced the available capacity under the revolving credit facility to $10,000, (ii) extended the term of the credit facility until March 31, 2024, (iii) increased the commitment fee to 100 basis points, or 1.00%, on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, and (iv) provided a process for the replacement of the LIBOR index after 2021. In addition, the accounts receivable of ExOne GmbH no longer served as collateral for borrowings under the amended revolving credit facility.

Under the terms of the amended credit facility, we could make prepayments against outstanding borrowings, reduce the credit commitment or terminate the credit commitment at any time without penalty.

On March 5, 2021, we terminated the related party revolving credit facility. There were no penalties associated with our termination of the related party revolving credit facility. Due to the termination, we accelerated the amortization of the remaining debt issuance costs associated with the related party revolving credit facility, resulting in recognition of a $105 loss on the extinguishment of debt during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

There were no borrowings under the credit facility during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2020.

Paycheck Protection Program

On April 18, 2020, we entered into an unsecured promissory note (the “Note”) with an unrelated United States bank (the “Lender”) reflecting a loan in the principal amount of $2,194 (the “Loan”). The Loan was granted pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) administered by the United States Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Note, the Loan bears interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum and matures on April 18, 2022 (the “Maturity Date”). Under the terms of the Note, principal and interest payments on the Loan were deferred until November 18, 2020, at which time equal installments of principal and interest would have been due and payable monthly through the Maturity Date. Subsequent to us entering into the Note, in June 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 was enacted, which extended the deferral of principal and interest payments on the Loan from November 2020 to August 2021. The Note may be prepaid by us at any time prior to maturity without penalty. If we default on the Note, the Lender may, at its option, accelerate the maturity of our obligations under the Note.

Pursuant to the terms of the PPP, the Loan, or a portion thereof, may be forgiven if Loan proceeds are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, such as payroll costs, costs used to continue group health care benefits, mortgage interest payments, rent and utilities. We used all of the Loan proceeds for qualifying expenses. The terms of the Loan, including eligibility and forgiveness, may be subject to further requirements in the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 and in regulations and guidance adopted by the SBA. We have elected to account for the Loan in accordance with the terms of the Note while its forgiveness eligibility remains subject to review.

Building Note Payable

On May 21, 2012, we entered into a building note payable with an unrelated United States bank. Terms of the building note payable included monthly payments of $18, including interest at 4.00% through May 2017, and subsequently, monthly payments of $19 including interest at the monthly average yield on United States Treasury Securities plus 3.25% for the remainder of the term through May 2027.

On February 26, 2021, we extinguished our building note payable in-full through cash payment of $1,199. We did not incur any prepayment penalties related to the extinguishment of the building note payable in advance of the maturity date (May 2027). At the extinguishment date, the net carrying amount of the building note payable was $1,185. As a result, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recognized a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $14 (included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss), which represents the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the significant components of cash flows for the periods indicated, and our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances at the end of each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Net cash used for operating activities	$	(5,903	)	$	(4,739	)
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities		(1,067	)		15,890
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities		95,314			(42	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(244	)		(31	)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	88,100		$	11,078
	March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	137,321		$	49,668
Restricted cash		955			508
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	138,276		$	50,176

Operating Activities

Net cash used for operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $5,903, compared with net cash used for operating activities of $4,739 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in net cash outflows of $1,164 was due principally to an increase in our net loss, net of noncash items, as well as an unfavorable change in our net working capital. Unfavorable changes in net working capital are due to a decrease in net cash inflows from customers (principally due to the timing of cash collections on 3D printing machine sales) and an increase in net cash outflows related to inventory purchases (consistent with our growth in backlog). Unfavorable changes in net working capital were partially offset by an increase in net cash inflows related to the timing of payments to our suppliers and vendors for our production and operating expenses.

Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $1,067, compared with net cash provided by investing activities of $15,890 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Activity for both periods included cash outflows for capital expenditures (consistent with our operating plans).

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by investing activities included $16,228 in proceeds from the sale of property and equipment, including the sale-leaseback of our European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany.

We expect our remaining 2021 capital expenditures to be limited to spending associated with sustaining our strategic operations and strategic asset acquisition and deployment (estimated spending during the remainder of 2021 of approximately $2,500 to $3,500).

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $95,314, compared with net cash used for financing activities of $42 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities included cash inflows of $95,446 in proceeds from our common stock offering, net of issuance costs (further discussed above) and $1,100 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options by employees, partially offset by $1,226 in cash outflows associated with the extinguishment of the building note payable (further discussed above).

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash used for financing activities included payments on long-term debt.

Financial Condition

The following summarizes the material changes in our financial condition from December 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021:

Restricted cash increased by $447 due to an increase in financial guarantees and letters of credit issued through our credit facility with a German bank, resulting in an increase in required cash collateral associated with those financial guarantees and letters of credit.

Accounts receivable decreased by $400 based on the timing of cash payments by customers (principally the timing of cash collections on 3D printing machine sales).

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Inventories increased by $2,453 consistent with our growth in backlog. Inventories have also been impacted (primarily the increase in finished goods inventories) as a result of disruptions in delivery and installation of our 3D printing machines as a result of COVID-19.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $2,273, mostly due to increases in prepayments to suppliers for 3D printing machine components and subassemblies, prepaid insurance (based on the timing of payments to providers as compared to the period of coverage) and foreign tax refund receivables (related to the carryback of net operating losses in Japan).

Property and equipment – net increased by $129, mostly due to capital expenditures of $1,312 and net transfers of 3D printing machines from inventory to property and equipment of $346, partially offset by decreases due to depreciation expense of $993 recognized during the period. The remaining decrease was primarily due to the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on property and equipment balances recorded in Germany and Japan.

Operating lease right-of-use assets decreased by $614, principally due to the amortization of the right-of-use asset associated with the lease for our European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany during the period.

Accounts payable increased by $1,657 due to the timing of payments to our suppliers and vendors for our production and operating expenses.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities increased by $474, principally due to an increase in accrued salaries and accrued vacation resulting from increased headcount, partially offset by a net decrease in product warranty reserves.

Operating lease liabilities decreased by $614, principally due to payments made under the lease agreement for our European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany during the period.

Contract liabilities increased $1,380 based on the timing of cash payments by customers (principally the timing of cash collections on 3D printing machine sales consistent with growth in our backlog). Contract liabilities have also been impacted as a result of disruptions in delivery and installation of our 3D printing machines as a result of COVID-19.    

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of its operations, ExOne GmbH issues short-term financial guarantees and letters of credit to third parties in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security through a credit facility with a German bank.

At March 31, 2021, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us were $1,713 (€1,461), of which $1,619 (€1,381) were issued through the credit facility with a German bank. Cash collateral of $447 (€381) was required for financial guarantees and letters of credit issued under the credit facility. The outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit include expiration dates ranging from June 2021 through March 2023.

At December 31, 2020, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us were $1,026 (€836). At December 31, 2020, no cash collateral was required for financial guarantees and letters of credits issued under the credit facility.

For further discussion related to financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH, refer to Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Guidance

Refer to Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended, and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 4.     Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2021. These controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2021.

Change in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2021, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

23

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings.

We are subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A.     Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 6.     Exhibits.

(a)(3) Exhibits

The Exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

24

EXHIBIT INDEX

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

Exhibit Number	Description	Method of Filing
10.1	Underwriting Agreement dated as of February 10, 2021, by and among the Company, Canaccord Genuity LLC and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, as Representative for the several Underwriters.	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 on Form 8-K (#001-35806) filed on February 12, 2021.
10.2	Form of Executive Stock Performance Program Notice of Inclusion.	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 on Form 10-K (#001-35806) filed on March 11, 2021.
31.1	Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer.	Filed herewith.
31.2	Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer.	Filed herewith.
32	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.	Filed herewith.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	Filed herewith.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	Filed herewith.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.
104	Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set.	Filed herewith.

25

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

The ExOne Company
By:	/s/ John F. Hartner
	John F. Hartner
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	May 17, 2021
By:	/s/ Douglas D. Zemba
	Douglas D. Zemba
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Date:	May 17, 2021

26

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, John F. Hartner, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of The ExOne Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 17, 2021

The ExOne Company

/s/ John F. Hartner

John F. Hartner

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Douglas D. Zemba, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of The ExOne Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 17, 2021

The ExOne Company

/s/ Douglas D. Zemba

Douglas D. Zemba

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal

Accounting Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of The ExOne Company (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021, with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the Undersigned certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 17, 2021

/s/ John F. Hartner

John F. Hartner

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Douglas D. Zemba

Douglas D. Zemba

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal

Accounting Officer)

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	Mar. 31, 2021	May 17, 2021
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Condensed Statement of Consolidated Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 13,021	$ 13,383
Cost of sales	11,021	9,754
Gross profit	2,000	3,629
Operating expenses
Research and development	2,624	2,476
Selling, general and administrative	5,893	6,163
Gain from sale-leaseback of property and equipment		(1,462)
Total operating expenses	8,517	7,177
Loss from operations	(6,517)	(3,548)
Other expense (income)
Interest expense	160	64
Other (income) expense ̶ net	(125)	(190)
Total other (income) expense	35	(126)
Loss before income taxes	(6,552)	(3,422)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(412)	226
Net loss	$ (6,140)	$ (3,648)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$ (0.29)	$ (0.22)
Diluted	$ (0.29)	$ (0.22)
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$ (6,140)	$ (3,648)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,120)	(838)
Comprehensive loss	$ (7,260)	$ (4,486)

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 137,321	$ 49,668
Restricted cash	955	508
Accounts receivable ̶ net	4,825	5,225
Current portion of net investment in sales-type leases ̶ net	233	229
Inventories ̶ net	23,015	20,562
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,724	4,451
Total current assets	173,073	80,643
Property and equipment ̶ net	21,429	21,300
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,429	4,043
Net investment in sales-type leases ̶ net of current portion ̶ net	449	509
Other noncurrent assets	460	794
Total assets	198,840	107,289
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	1,949	1,622
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,897	1,958
Accounts payable	6,158	4,501
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	5,452	4,978
Current portion of contract liabilities	14,877	13,586
Total current liabilities	30,333	26,645
Long-term debt ̶ net of current portion	245	1,783
Operating lease liabilities ̶ net of current portion	1,532	2,085
Contract liabilities ̶ net of current portion	248	159
Other noncurrent liabilities	258	314
Total liabilities	32,616	30,986
Contingencies and commitments
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 22,030,401 (2021) and 20,009,157 (2020) shares issued and outstanding	220	200
Additional paid-in capital	315,274	218,113
Accumulated deficit	(138,012)	(131,872)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(11,258)	(10,138)
Total stockholders' equity	166,224	76,303
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 198,840	$ 107,289

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	22,030,401	20,009,157
Common stock, shares outstanding	22,030,401	20,009,157

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Condensed Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (6,140)	$ (3,648)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used for operations:
Depreciation	993	923
Equity-based compensation	282	292
Amortization of debt issuance costs	7	19
(Recoveries) provision for bad debts ̶ net	(47)	51
Provision for slow-moving, obsolete and lower of cost or net realizable value inventories ̶ net	129	22
Foreign exchange gains on intercompany transactions ̶ net	(136)	(165)
Gain from sale-leaseback of property and equipment		(1,462)
Deferred income taxes		195
Loss on extinguishment of debt	119
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of foreign currency translation adjustments:
Decrease in accounts receivable	311	1,487
Decrease (increase) in net investment in sales-type leases	56	(50)
Increase in inventories	(3,500)	(2,146)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,389)	(674)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	1,549	(1,408)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities	395	(24)
Increase in contract liabilities	1,468	1,849
Net cash used for operating activities	(5,903)	(4,739)
Investing activities
Capital expenditures	(1,067)	(338)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		16,228
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities	(1,067)	15,890
Financing activities
Payments on long-term debt	(1,226)	(39)
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options	1,100
Proceeds from common stock offerings, net of issuance costs	95,446
Other	(6)	(3)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	95,314	(42)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(244)	(31)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	88,100	11,078
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	50,176	6,243
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	138,276	17,321
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Transfer of internally developed 3D printing machines from inventories to property and equipment for internal use or leasing activities	975	852
Transfer of internally developed 3D printing machines from property and equipment to inventories for sale	629	823
Property and equipment included in accounts payable	310	56
Common stock offering issuance costs included in accounts payable	158
Unsettled proceeds from exercise of employee stock options included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 340
Debt issuance costs included in accounts payable		$ 41

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Condensed Statement of Changes in Consolidated Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 48,582	$ 163	$ 176,850	$ (116,948)	$ (11,483)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2019		16,347,000
Net loss	(3,648)			(3,648)
Other comprehensive loss	(838)				(838)
Equity-based compensation	292	$ 1	291
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan, shares		39,000
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	44,388	$ 164	177,141	(120,596)	(12,321)
Ending Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2020		16,386,000
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 76,303	$ 200	218,113	(131,872)	(10,138)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2020	20,009,157	20,009,000
Net loss	$ (6,140)			(6,140)
Other comprehensive loss	(1,120)				(1,120)
Equity-based compensation	282		282
Exercise of employee stock options	$ 1,440	$ 1	1,439
Exercise of employee stock options, shares	110,568	111,000
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan, shares		37,000
Common stock offering, net of issuance costs	$ 95,459	$ 19	95,440
Common stock offering, net of issuance costs, shares		1,873,000
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 166,224	$ 220	$ 315,274	$ (138,012)	$ (11,258)
Ending Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2021	22,030,401	22,030,000

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

Organization

The ExOne Company (“ExOne”) is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware. ExOne was formed on January 1, 2013, when The Ex One Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, merged with and into a Delaware corporation, which survived and changed its name to The ExOne Company (the “Reorganization”). As a result of the Reorganization, The Ex One Company, LLC became ExOne, the common and preferred interest holders of The Ex One Company, LLC became holders of common stock and preferred stock, respectively, of ExOne, and the subsidiaries of The Ex One Company, LLC became the subsidiaries of ExOne. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ExOne, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, ExOne Americas LLC (United States); ExOne GmbH (Germany); ExOne Property GmbH (Germany); and ExOne KK (Japan). Collectively, the consolidated group is referred to as the “Company”.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary by management to fairly state the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. The December 31, 2020 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in connection with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which includes all disclosures required by GAAP.

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Areas that require significant judgments, estimates and assumptions include accounting for accounts receivable (including the allowance for doubtful accounts); inventories (including the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories); product warranty reserves; contingencies; revenue (including the allocation of a sales contract’s total transaction price to each performance obligation for contracts with multiple performance obligations); and equity-based compensation (including the valuation of certain equity-based compensation awards issued by the Company). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus a global pandemic (“COVID-19”) and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The impact of COVID-19 and the related economic, business and market disruptions were wide-ranging and continue to be significant. As a result of COVID-19, the Company was required to temporarily close its operations at its North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania facility for the period from March 23 through March 30, 2020. In response to COVID-19, the Company has incurred incremental costs associated with protecting the health and safety of the Company’s global workforce, enhanced sanitization of the Company’s global operating facilities, and information technology capabilities for employees operating remotely. Beginning in March 2020, restrictions imposed by various governmental authorities on both domestic and international shipping and travel have caused a disruption to the timing of delivery and installation of the Company’s 3D printing machines, resulting in negative impacts to the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The duration and severity of the outbreak and its long-term impact on the Company’s business remain uncertain. The Company is unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on its future financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”). Recently issued ASUs not listed below either were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are currently expected to have no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” This ASU added a new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to most debt instruments, trade receivables, lease receivables, financial guarantee contracts, and other loan commitments. The CECL model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses and entities will need to measure expected credit losses on assets

that have a low risk of loss. As a smaller reporting company pursuant to Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, these changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2023. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

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Common Stock Offerings

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Common Stock Offering

Note 2. Common Stock Offerings

In September 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord Genuity LLC (“Canaccord”) pursuant to which Canaccord agreed to act as sales agent in the sale of up to $25,000 in the aggregate of ExOne common stock in “at-the-market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement required a 3.0% commission on the sale of ExOne common stock as well as the reimbursement of certain expenses incurred by Canaccord. The Company did not sell any shares under the Equity Distribution Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

In February 2021, the Company terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement. At the time of the termination of the agreement, the remaining maximum offering capacity was $9,269. There were no fees or penalties incurred by the Company in connection with the termination of the Equity Distribution Agreement.  

In February 2021, following the termination of the Equity Distribution Agreement, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell up to 1,666,667 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $54.00 per share. In addition, the Company granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 205,907 shares of its common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions. Under the agreement, the Company agreed to pay underwriting discounts and commissions of $2.835 per share, as well as reimburse the underwriters for certain expenses. The underwriters exercised their option to purchase 205,907 shares of the Company’s stock in-full.

As a result of this common stock offering, during February 2021, the Company sold 1,872,574 shares of its common stock and received net proceeds (after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions) of $95,725. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company incurred expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions) associated with the common stock offering of $266. At March 31, 2021, $158 of the expenses remained unpaid (including in accounts payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet).

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Note 3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(10,138	)	$	(11,483	)
Other comprehensive loss		(1,120	)		(838	)
Balance at end of period	$	(11,258	)	$	(12,321	)

Foreign currency translation adjustments consist of the effect of translation of functional currency financial statements (denominated in the euro and Japanese yen) to the reporting currency of the Company (United States dollar) and certain long-term intercompany transactions between subsidiaries for which settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future.

There were no tax impacts related to income tax rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings for either of the periods presented.

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Loss Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Loss Per Share

Note 4. Loss Per Share

The Company presents basic and diluted loss per common share amounts. Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the applicable period.

As the Company incurred a net loss during each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, basic average common shares outstanding and diluted average common shares outstanding were the same because the effect of potential shares of common stock, including stock options (535,164 – 2021 and 838,383 – 2020) and unvested restricted stock issued (151,391 – 2021 and 68,513 – 2020), was anti-dilutive.

The information used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Net loss	$	(6,140	)	$	(3,648	)
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted)		21,043,287			16,369,390
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.22	)
Diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.22	)

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Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Note 5. Revenue

The Company derives revenue from the sale of 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s) under a contract (either implicit or explicit) by transferring the promised product or service to a customer, which is when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. As such, revenue is recorded net of returns, allowances, customer discounts, and incentives. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenue) basis. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales.

Certain of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. Sales of 3D printing machines may also include optional equipment, materials, replacement components and services (installation, training and other services, including maintenance services and/or an extended warranty). Certain other contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the Company’s best estimate of stand-alone selling price for each distinct product or service in the contract, which is generally based on an observable price.

The Company’s revenue from products is transferred to customers at a point in time. The Company’s contracts for 3D printing machines generally include substantive customer acceptance provisions. Revenue under these contracts is recognized when customer acceptance provisions have been satisfied. For all other product sales, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product, which is generally when product title passes to the customer upon delivery. In certain cases, title does not transfer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at its physical location.

The Company’s revenue from service arrangements includes deferred maintenance contracts and extended warranties that can be purchased at the customer’s option. The Company generally provides a standard one-year warranty on the Company’s 3D printing machines, which is considered an assurance type warranty, and not considered a separate performance obligation (Note 8). Revenue associated with deferred maintenance contracts is generally recognized at a point in time when the related services are performed where sufficient historical evidence indicates that the costs of performing the related services under the contract are not incurred on a straight-line basis, with such revenue recognized in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred. Revenue associated with extended warranties is generally recognized over time on a straight-line basis over the related contract period.

The Company generates certain revenues through the sale of research and development services. Revenue under research and development service contracts is generally recognized over time where progress is measured in a manner that reflects the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer. Depending on the facts and circumstances surrounding each research and development service contract, revenue is recognized over time using either an input measure (based on the entity’s direct costs incurred in an effort to satisfy the performance obligations) or an output measure (specifically units or parts delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements).

A portion of the Company’s service revenue is generated through contracts with the federal government under fixed-fee, cost reimbursable and time and materials arrangements (certain of which may have periods of performance greater than one year). Revenue under these contracts is generally recognized over time using an input measure based upon direct costs incurred.

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenue by product group for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
3D printing machines	$	4,905	$	6,317
3D printed and other products, materials and services		8,116		7,066
	$	13,021	$	13,383

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets) and deferred revenue and customer prepayments (contract liabilities) in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company considers a number of factors in its evaluation of the creditworthiness of its customers, including past due amounts, past payment history, and current economic conditions. For 3D printing machines, the Company’s terms of sale vary by transaction. To reduce credit risk in connection with 3D printing machine sales, the Company may, depending upon the circumstances, require customers to furnish letters of credit or bank guarantees or to provide advanced payment (either partial or in full). For 3D printed and other products and materials, the Company’s terms of sale generally require payment within 30 to 60 days after delivery, although the Company also recognizes that longer payment periods are customary in certain countries where it transacts business. Service arrangements are generally billed in accordance with specific contract terms and are typically billed in advance or in proportion to performance of the related services.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $2,458 related to contract liabilities at January 1, 2021. There were no other significant changes in contract liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Contract assets were not significant during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $47,800 of remaining performance obligations (including contract liabilities), which is also referred to as backlog, of which approximately $40,200 is expected to be fulfilled during the next twelve months notwithstanding uncertainty related to the impact of COVID-19 (Note 1) including, but not limited to, international shipping and travel restrictions brought about by COVID-19 which could have an adverse effect on the timing of delivery and installation of products and/or services to customers.

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient associated with incremental costs of obtaining a contract, and as such, sales commission expense is generally expensed when incurred because the amortization period would be one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

Accounts receivable and net investment in sales-type leases are reported at their net realizable value. The Company carries its investment in sales-type leases based on discounting the minimum lease payments by the interest rate implicit in the lease, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts related to accounts receivable and net investment in sales-type leases is based on the Company’s evaluation of customer accounts with past-due outstanding balances or specific accounts for which it has information that the customer may be unable to meet its financial obligations. Based upon review of these accounts, and management’s analysis and judgment, the Company records a specific allowance for that customer’s accounts receivable or net investment in sales-type lease balance to reduce the outstanding balance to the amount expected to be collected. The allowance is re-evaluated and adjusted periodically as additional information is received that impacts the allowance amount reserved. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $503 and $576, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded net (recoveries) provision for bad debts of $(47) and $51, respectively.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Cash And Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Note 6. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet to the same such amounts shown in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated cash flows as of the dates indicated:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	137,321	$	49,668
Restricted cash		955		508
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	138,276	$	50,176

Restricted cash at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 included $508 associated with cash collateral required by a United States bank to offset certain short-term, unsecured lending commitments associated with the Company’s corporate credit card program. 

Restricted cash at March 31, 2021 included $447 associated with cash collateral required by a German bank for short-term financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security (Note 9).

Each of the balances described above are considered legally restricted by the Company.

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Note 7. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Raw materials and components	$	10,875	$	9,436
Work in process		5,281		4,797
Finished goods		6,859		6,329
	$	23,015	$	20,562

Raw materials and components consist of consumable materials and component parts and subassemblies associated with 3D printing machine manufacturing and support activities. Work in process consists of 3D printing machines and other products in varying stages of completion. Finished goods consist of 3D printing machines and other products prepared for sale in accordance with customer specifications.

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories was $2,702 and $2,678, respectively, and has been reflected as a reduction to inventories (principally raw materials and components). The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,678		$	3,443
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories  ̶  net		129			22
Reductions for sale, consumption or scrap of previously    reserved amounts		(1	)		(36	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(104	)		(59	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,702		$	3,370

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Product Warranty Reserves

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Product Warranties Disclosures [Abstract]

Product Warranty Reserves

Note 8. Product Warranty Reserves

Substantially all of the Company’s 3D printing machines are covered by a standard one-year warranty. Generally, at the time of sale, a liability is recorded (with an offset to cost of sales) based upon the expected cost of replacement parts and labor to be incurred over the life of the standard warranty. Expected cost is estimated using historical experience for similar products. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of the product warranty reserves based on changes in these factors and records any necessary adjustments if actual experience indicates that adjustments are necessary. Future claims experience could be materially different from prior results because of the introduction of new, more complex products, a change in the Company’s warranty policy in response to industry trends, competition or other external forces, or manufacturing changes that could impact product quality. In the event that the Company determines that its current or future product repair and replacement costs exceed estimates, an adjustment to these reserves would be charged to cost of sales in the period such a determination is made.

The following table summarizes changes in product warranty reserves, which amounts were reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,335		$	866
Provisions for new issuances		362			276
Payments		(705	)		(344	)
Reserve adjustments		212			20
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(32	)		(8	)
Balance at end of period	$	1,172		$	810

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Contingencies and Commitments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingencies and Commitments

Note 9. Contingencies and Commitments

Contingencies

On March 1, 2018, the Company’s ExOne GmbH subsidiary notified Voxeljet AG that it had materially breached a 2003 Patent and Know-How Transfer Agreement and asserted its rights to set-off damages as a result of the breaches against the annual license fee due from the Company under the agreement. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a contingency, if any, related to this matter.

The Company is subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

Commitments

In the normal course of its operations, ExOne GmbH issues short-term financial guarantees and letters of credit to third parties in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security through a credit facility with a German bank. The credit facility provides a capacity amount of $4,105 (€3,500) for the issuance of financial guarantees and letters of credit for commercial transactions requiring security.  The credit facility does not require cash collateral for the issuance of financial guarantees and letters of credit for commercial transaction requiring security for amounts up to $1,173 (€1,000).  Amounts in excess of $1,173 (€1,000) require cash collateral under the credit facility.

At March 31, 2021, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH under the credit facility were $1,619 (€1,381), with expiration dates ranging from June 2021 through March 2023. At March 31, 2021, cash collateral of $447 (€381) was required for financial guarantees and letters of credit issued under the credit facility (included in restricted cash in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet). At December 31, 2020, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH under the amended credit facility were $928 (€756). At December 31, 2020, no cash collateral was required for financial guarantees and letters of credit issued under the credit facility.

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Related Party Revolving Credit Facility

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Revolving Credit Facility

Note 10. Related Party Revolving Credit Facility

On March 12, 2018, the Company and its ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors (collectively, the “Loan Parties”), entered into a Credit Agreement and related ancillary agreements with LBM Holdings, LLC (“LBM”), a company controlled by S. Kent Rockwell, who was the Executive Chairman of the Company (a related party) at such date and is currently Chairman of the Company, relating to a $15,000 revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) to provide additional funding to the Company for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement provided a credit facility for a term of three years (through March 12, 2021), bearing interest at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 500 basis points. The Credit Agreement required a commitment fee of 75 basis points, or 0.75%, on the unused portion of the facility, payable monthly in arrears. In addition, an up-front commitment fee of 125 basis points, or 1.25% ($188), was required at closing. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement were collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories and machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties.

On February 18, 2020, the Loan Parties and LBM entered into a First Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) which (i) reduced the available capacity under the revolving credit facility to $10,000, (ii) extended the term of the credit facility until March 31, 2024, (iii) increased the commitment fee to 100 basis points, or 1.00%, on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, and (iv) provided a process for the replacement of the LIBOR index after 2021. In addition, the accounts receivable of ExOne GmbH no longer served as collateral for borrowings under the amended revolving credit facility.

Under the terms of the amended credit facility, the Company could make prepayments against outstanding borrowings, reduce the credit commitment or terminate the credit commitment at any time without penalty.

The Company incurred $265 in debt issuance costs associated with the inception of the credit facility (including the aforementioned up-front commitment fee paid at closing to LBM) and $49 in debt issuance costs associated with the Amendment.

On March 5, 2021, the Company terminated the related party revolving credit facility.  There were no penalties associated with the Company’s termination of the related party revolving credit facility. Due to the termination, the Company accelerated the amortization of the remaining debt issuance costs associated with the related party revolving credit facility, resulting in recognition of a $105 loss on the extinguishment of debt during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded interest expense related to the credit facility of $129, comprised of the aforementioned $105 loss on extinguishment of debt, $18 associated with the commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility and $6 associated with the amortization of debt issuance costs.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded interest related to the credit facility of $45, comprised of $27 associated with the commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility and $18 associated with the amortization of debt issuance costs.

There were no borrowings under the credit facility during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2020.

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Long-Term Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Note 11. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	March 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Principal			Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Net			Principal			Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs			Net
Paycheck Protection Program loan	$	2,194		$	—	$	2,194		$	2,194		$	—		$	2,194
Building note payable		—			—		—			1,226			(15	)		1,211
Less: Amount due within one year		(1,949	)		—		(1,949	)		(1,626	)		4			(1,622	)
	$	245		$	—	$	245		$	1,794		$	(11	)	$	1,783

On April 18, 2020, the Company entered into an unsecured promissory note (the “Note”) with an unrelated United States bank (the “Lender”) reflecting a loan in the principal amount of $2,194 (the “Loan”). The Loan was granted pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) administered by the United States Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Note, the Loan bears interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum and matures on April 18, 2022 (the “Maturity Date”). Under the terms of the Note, principal and interest payments on the Loan were deferred until November 18, 2020, at which time equal installments of principal and interest would have been due and payable monthly through the Maturity Date. Subsequent to the Company entering into the Note, in June 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 was enacted, which extended the deferral of principal and interest payments on the Loan from November 2020 to August 2021.  The Note may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity without penalty. If the Company defaults on the Note, the Lender may, at its option, accelerate the maturity of the Company’s obligations under the Note.

Pursuant to the terms of the PPP, the Loan, or a portion thereof, may be forgiven if Loan proceeds are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, such as payroll costs, costs used to continue group health care benefits, mortgage interest payments, rent and utilities. The Company used all of the Loan proceeds for qualifying expenses. The terms of the Loan, including eligibility and forgiveness, may be subject to further requirements in the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 and in regulations and guidance adopted by the SBA. The Company has elected to account for the Loan in accordance with the terms of the Note while its forgiveness eligibility remains subject to review.

On May 21, 2012, the Company entered into a building note payable with an unrelated United States bank. Terms of the building note payable included monthly payments of $18, including interest at 4.00% through May 2017, and subsequently, monthly payments of $19 including interest at the monthly average yield on United States Treasury Securities plus 3.25% for the remainder of the term through May 2027.

On February 26, 2021, the Company extinguished its building note payable in-full through cash payment of $1,199. The Company did not incur any prepayment penalties related to the extinguishment of the building note payable in advance of the maturity date (May 2027). At the extinguishment date, the net carrying amount of the building note payable was $1,185. As a result, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $14 (included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss), which represents the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs.

Future maturities of long-term debt at March 31, 2021, were as follows:

2021	$	1,217
2022		977
	$	2,194

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the fair value of long-term debt was $2,141 and $3,382, respectively.  The fair value of long-term debt has been estimated by management based on the consideration of applicable interest rates, including certain instruments at variable or floating rates and the nominal fixed interest rate (1.0%) associated with the Company’s PPP Loan and other available information (including quoted prices of similar instruments available to the Company).  The fair value of long-term debt was measured using inputs categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 12. Income Taxes

The (benefit) provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was ($412) and $226, respectively. The Company has completed a discrete period computation of its (benefit) provision for income taxes for each of the periods presented. The discrete period computation was required as a result of jurisdictions with losses before income taxes for which no tax benefit can be recognized and an inability to generate reliable estimates for results in certain jurisdictions as a result of inconsistencies in generating net operating profits (losses) in those jurisdictions.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was 6.3% (benefit on a loss) and 6.6% (provision on a loss), respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the effective tax rate differed from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the period and recognition of a discrete income tax benefit of $412 related to the carryback of net operating losses in Japan.  During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company received confirmation from Japanese tax authorities that ExOne KK met the definition of a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) under Japanese tax regulations, eliminating certain restrictions on the use of net operating losses to offset taxable income. ExOne KK filed amended tax returns related to tax years 2016 through 2019 to carryback net operating losses, resulting in total tax refunds of $412.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the effective tax rate differed from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the period.

The Company has provided a valuation allowance for certain of its net deferred tax assets as a result of the Company not generating consistent net operating profits in certain jurisdictions in which it operates. As such, certain benefits from deferred taxes in the periods presented have been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for the related net deferred tax assets. The Company continues to assess its future taxable income by jurisdiction based on recent historical operating results, the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, various tax planning strategies that the Company may be able to enact in future periods, the impact of potential operating changes on the business and forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that the Company is able to reach the conclusion that net deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of the above factors in a single, or in multiple, taxing jurisdictions, a reversal of the related portion of the Company’s existing valuation allowances may occur.

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Equity-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Equity-Based Compensation

Note 13. Equity-Based Compensation

On January 24, 2013, the Board adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). In connection with the adoption of the Plan, 500,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the Plan, with automatic increases in such reserve available each year annually on January 1 from 2014 through 2023 equal to the lesser of 3.0% of the total outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year, or a number of shares of common stock determined by the Board, provided that the maximum number of shares authorized under the Plan could not exceed 1,992,241 shares, subject to certain adjustments. The maximum number of shares authorized under the Plan was reached on January 1, 2017. At March 31, 2021, 494,087 shares remained available for future issuance under the Plan.

Stock options and restricted stock issued by the Company under the Plan are generally subject to service conditions resulting in annual vesting on the anniversary of the date of grant over a period typically ranging between one and three years. Certain equity-based compensation awards issued by the Company under the Plan vest immediately upon issuance. Stock options issued by the Company under the Plan have contractual lives which expire over a period typically ranging between five and ten years from the date of grant, subject to continued service to the Company by the participant.

On February 5, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2020 Annual Incentive Program (the “2020 Program”) as a subplan under the Plan. The 2020 Program provided an opportunity for performance-based compensation to senior executive officers of the Company, among others. The target annual incentive for each 2020 Program participant was expressed as a percentage of base salary and was conditioned on the achievement of certain financial goals (as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board). The Compensation Committee of the Board retained negative discretion over amounts payable under the 2020 Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded no equity-based compensation expense based on the estimated outcome of the defined financial goals for 2020 under the 2020 Program.

On February 2, 2021, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2021 Annual Incentive Program (the “2021 Program”) as a subplan under the Plan.  The 2021 Program provided an opportunity for performance-based compensation to senior executive officers of the Company, among others.  The target annual incentive for each 2021 Program participant was expressed as a percentage of base salary and was conditioned on the achievement of certain financial and/or individual performance goals (as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board).  The Compensation Committee of the Board retained negative discretion over amounts payable under the 2021 Program.  During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded $22 in equity-based compensation expense based on the estimated outcome of the defined financial and individual goals for 2021 under the 2021 Program.

On February 2, 2021, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2021 Executive Stock Performance Program (the “ESPP”) as a subplan under the Plan.  The ESPP provided an opportunity for senior executive officers of the Company to earn performance-based compensation based on the performance of the Company’s common stock over a one-year period ending December 31, 2021. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded $14 in equity-based compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of the equity-based compensation awards expected to be granted under the ESPP.

The following table summarizes the total equity-based compensation expense recognized by the Company for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Stock options	$	90	$	145
Restricted stock		150		141
Other(a)		42		6
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes		282		292
Benefit for income taxes(b)		—		—
Total equity-based compensation expense net of income taxes	$	282	$	292

(a) For 2021, Other represents expense associated with the 2021 Program, the ESPP, and certain employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity. For 2020, Other represents activity associated with certain employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity.

(b) The Benefit for income taxes from equity-based compensation for each of the periods presented has been determined to be $0 based on recorded valuation allowances against net deferred tax assets.

At March 31, 2021, total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company was $291 for stock options and $1,213 for restricted stock. Total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.2 years.

The fair value of stock options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

Weighted average fair value per stock option	$	19.04
Volatility	71.1%
Average risk-free interest rate	0.5%
Dividend yield	0.0%
Expected term (years)	3.5

Volatility is estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price consistent with the expected term of the awards. The average risk-free rate is based on a weighted average yield curve of risk-free interest rates consistent with the expected term of the awards. Expected dividend yield is based on historical dividend data as well as future expectations. Expected term is calculated using the simplified method as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise experience upon which to base an estimate.

The activity for stock options was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021							2020
	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		641,232		$	9.80	$	4.74		854,259		$	9.34	$	4.49
Stock options granted		4,500		$	38.22	$	19.04		—		$	—	$	—
Stock options exercised		(110,568	)	$	13.02	$	7.38		—		$	—	$	—
Stock options forfeited		—		$	—	$	—		(6,876	)	$	7.01	$	2.84
Stock options expired		—		$	—	$	—		(9,000	)	$	10.89	$	5.82
Outstanding at end of period		535,164		$	9.38	$	4.31		838,383		$	9.35	$	4.49
Exercisable at end of period		391,692		$	9.66	$	4.60		499,139		$	10.74	$	5.52
Expected to vest at end of period		143,472		$	8.61	$	3.52		339,244		$	7.30	$	2.96

At March 31, 2021, intrinsic value associated with stock options exercisable and expected to vest was $8,500 and $3,296, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term of stock options exercisable and expected to vest at March 31, 2021, was 2.8 years and 3.8 years, respectively. Stock options with an aggregate intrinsic value of $3,597 were exercised by employees during the three months ended March 31, 2021, resulting in proceeds to the Company from the exercise of stock options of $1,440 (of which, at March

31, 2021, $340 remained unsettled and was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet). The Company recorded no income tax benefit related to these exercises. There were no stock option exercises during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The activity for restricted stock was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021					2020
	Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		188,891		$	9.52		66,513		$	8.76
Restricted stock granted		—		$	—		37,500		$	7.12
Restricted stock vested		(37,500	)	$	7.12		(35,500	)	$	9.63
Restricted stock forfeited		—		$	—		—		$	—
Outstanding at end of period		151,391		$	10.12		68,513		$	7.41
Restricted stock expected to vest at end of period		151,391		$	10.12		68,513		$	7.41

Restricted stock that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, had a fair value of $1,505 and $248, respectively.

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Concentration of Credit Risk

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Risks And Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentration of Credit Risk

Note 14. Concentration of Credit Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company conducted a significant portion of its business with a limited number of customers, though not necessarily the same customers for each respective period. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s five most significant customers represented 33.3% and 33.1% of total revenue, respectively. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accounts receivable from the Company’s five most significant customers were $1,224 and $1,775, respectively.

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Other (Income) Expense - Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Other Income And Expenses [Abstract]

Other (Income) Expense - Net

Note 15. Other (Income) Expense – Net

Other (income) expense – net consisted of the following for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Interest income	$	(3	)	$	(12	)
Foreign currency gains  ̶  net		(136	)		(165	)
Other – net		14			(13	)
	$	(125	)	$	(190	)

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 16. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all of its activities and concluded that no other subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Organization

Organization

The ExOne Company (“ExOne”) is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware. ExOne was formed on January 1, 2013, when The Ex One Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, merged with and into a Delaware corporation, which survived and changed its name to The ExOne Company (the “Reorganization”). As a result of the Reorganization, The Ex One Company, LLC became ExOne, the common and preferred interest holders of The Ex One Company, LLC became holders of common stock and preferred stock, respectively, of ExOne, and the subsidiaries of The Ex One Company, LLC became the subsidiaries of ExOne. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ExOne, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, ExOne Americas LLC (United States); ExOne GmbH (Germany); ExOne Property GmbH (Germany); and ExOne KK (Japan). Collectively, the consolidated group is referred to as the “Company”.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary by management to fairly state the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. The December 31, 2020 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in connection with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which includes all disclosures required by GAAP.

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Areas that require significant judgments, estimates and assumptions include accounting for accounts receivable (including the allowance for doubtful accounts); inventories (including the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories); product warranty reserves; contingencies; revenue (including the allocation of a sales contract’s total transaction price to each performance obligation for contracts with multiple performance obligations); and equity-based compensation (including the valuation of certain equity-based compensation awards issued by the Company). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

COVID-19

COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus a global pandemic (“COVID-19”) and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The impact of COVID-19 and the related economic, business and market disruptions were wide-ranging and continue to be significant. As a result of COVID-19, the Company was required to temporarily close its operations at its North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania facility for the period from March 23 through March 30, 2020. In response to COVID-19, the Company has incurred incremental costs associated with protecting the health and safety of the Company’s global workforce, enhanced sanitization of the Company’s global operating facilities, and information technology capabilities for employees operating remotely. Beginning in March 2020, restrictions imposed by various governmental authorities on both domestic and international shipping and travel have caused a disruption to the timing of delivery and installation of the Company’s 3D printing machines, resulting in negative impacts to the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The duration and severity of the outbreak and its long-term impact on the Company’s business remain uncertain. The Company is unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on its future financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”). Recently issued ASUs not listed below either were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are currently expected to have no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” This ASU added a new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to most debt instruments, trade receivables, lease receivables, financial guarantee contracts, and other loan commitments. The CECL model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses and entities will need to measure expected credit losses on assets

that have a low risk of loss. As a smaller reporting company pursuant to Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, these changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2023. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Loss Per Share

The Company presents basic and diluted loss per common share amounts. Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the applicable period.

Revenue

The Company derives revenue from the sale of 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s) under a contract (either implicit or explicit) by transferring the promised product or service to a customer, which is when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. As such, revenue is recorded net of returns, allowances, customer discounts, and incentives. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenue) basis. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales.

Certain of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. Sales of 3D printing machines may also include optional equipment, materials, replacement components and services (installation, training and other services, including maintenance services and/or an extended warranty). Certain other contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the Company’s best estimate of stand-alone selling price for each distinct product or service in the contract, which is generally based on an observable price.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in the Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(10,138	)	$	(11,483	)
Other comprehensive loss		(1,120	)		(838	)
Balance at end of period	$	(11,258	)	$	(12,321	)

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Loss Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share

The information used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Net loss	$	(6,140	)	$	(3,648	)
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted)		21,043,287			16,369,390
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.22	)
Diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.22	)

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Revenue (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Revenue by Product Group

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenue by product group for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
3D printing machines	$	4,905	$	6,317
3D printed and other products, materials and services		8,116		7,066
	$	13,021	$	13,383

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Cash And Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet to the same such amounts shown in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated cash flows as of the dates indicated:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	137,321	$	49,668
Restricted cash		955		508
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	138,276	$	50,176

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Raw materials and components	$	10,875	$	9,436
Work in process		5,281		4,797
Finished goods		6,859		6,329
	$	23,015	$	20,562

Summary of Changes in Allowance for Slow-moving and Obsolete Inventories

The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,678		$	3,443
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories  ̶  net		129			22
Reductions for sale, consumption or scrap of previously    reserved amounts		(1	)		(36	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(104	)		(59	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,702		$	3,370

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Product Warranty Reserves (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Product Warranties Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Product Warranty Reserves

The following table summarizes changes in product warranty reserves, which amounts were reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,335		$	866
Provisions for new issuances		362			276
Payments		(705	)		(344	)
Reserve adjustments		212			20
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(32	)		(8	)
Balance at end of period	$	1,172		$	810

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Long-Term Debt

	March 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Principal			Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Net			Principal			Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs			Net
Paycheck Protection Program loan	$	2,194		$	—	$	2,194		$	2,194		$	—		$	2,194
Building note payable		—			—		—			1,226			(15	)		1,211
Less: Amount due within one year		(1,949	)		—		(1,949	)		(1,626	)		4			(1,622	)
	$	245		$	—	$	245		$	1,794		$	(11	)	$	1,783

Future Maturities of Long-Term Debt

Future maturities of long-term debt at March 31, 2021, were as follows:

2021	$	1,217
2022		977
	$	2,194

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Equity-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Equity-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the total equity-based compensation expense recognized by the Company for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Stock options	$	90	$	145
Restricted stock		150		141
Other(a)		42		6
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes		282		292
Benefit for income taxes(b)		—		—
Total equity-based compensation expense net of income taxes	$	282	$	292

(a) For 2021, Other represents expense associated with the 2021 Program, the ESPP, and certain employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity. For 2020, Other represents activity associated with certain employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity.

(b) The Benefit for income taxes from equity-based compensation for each of the periods presented has been determined to be $0 based on recorded valuation allowances against net deferred tax assets.

Assumptions for Fair Value of Stock Options Granted Estimated on the Date of Grant Using the Black-Scholes Option

The fair value of stock options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

Weighted average fair value per stock option	$	19.04
Volatility	71.1%
Average risk-free interest rate	0.5%
Dividend yield	0.0%
Expected term (years)	3.5

Summary of Activity for Stock Options

The activity for stock options was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021							2020
	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		641,232		$	9.80	$	4.74		854,259		$	9.34	$	4.49
Stock options granted		4,500		$	38.22	$	19.04		—		$	—	$	—
Stock options exercised		(110,568	)	$	13.02	$	7.38		—		$	—	$	—
Stock options forfeited		—		$	—	$	—		(6,876	)	$	7.01	$	2.84
Stock options expired		—		$	—	$	—		(9,000	)	$	10.89	$	5.82
Outstanding at end of period		535,164		$	9.38	$	4.31		838,383		$	9.35	$	4.49
Exercisable at end of period		391,692		$	9.66	$	4.60		499,139		$	10.74	$	5.52
Expected to vest at end of period		143,472		$	8.61	$	3.52		339,244		$	7.30	$	2.96

Summary of Activity for Restricted Stock Awards

The activity for restricted stock was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021					2020
	Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		188,891		$	9.52		66,513		$	8.76
Restricted stock granted		—		$	—		37,500		$	7.12
Restricted stock vested		(37,500	)	$	7.12		(35,500	)	$	9.63
Restricted stock forfeited		—		$	—		—		$	—
Outstanding at end of period		151,391		$	10.12		68,513		$	7.41
Restricted stock expected to vest at end of period		151,391		$	10.12		68,513		$	7.41

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Other (Income) Expense - Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Other Income And Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of Other (Income) Expense - Net

Other (income) expense – net consisted of the following for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021			2020
Interest income	$	(3	)	$	(12	)
Foreign currency gains  ̶  net		(136	)		(165	)
Other – net		14			(13	)
	$	(125	)	$	(190	)

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Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Date of incorporation	Jan. 01, 2013

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Common Stock Offering - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Exercise of employee stock options, shares		110,568
Sale of common stock	1,872,574
Proceeds from common stock offerings, net of issuance costs	$ 95,725	$ 95,446
Incurred expenses		266
Accounts Payable [Member]
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Unpaid incurred expenses		158
Equity Distribution Agreement [Member]
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Maximum offering capacity	$ 9,269
Equity Distribution Agreement [Member]
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction		$ 0
Canaccord Equity Distribution Agreement [Member]
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction			$ 25,000
Commission on sale of common stock			3.00%
Public Offering [Member]
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Issued and sale of common stock	1,666,667
Sale of stock, price per share	$ 54.00
Additional common stock shares issued	205,907
Underwriting discount and commission per share	$ 2.835
Exercise of employee stock options, shares	205,907

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Summary of Changes in the Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ (10,138)	$ (11,483)
Other comprehensive loss	(1,120)	(838)
Balance at end of period	$ (11,258)	$ (12,321)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, tax	$ 0	$ 0
Amounts reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ 0	$ 0

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Loss Per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Stock Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of anti-dilutive common stock	535,164	838,383
Restricted Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of anti-dilutive common stock	151,391	68,513

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Loss Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (6,140)	$ (3,648)
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted)	21,043,287	16,369,390
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$ (0.29)	$ (0.22)
Diluted	$ (0.29)	$ (0.22)

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Revenue - Summary of Revenue by Product Group (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 13,021	$ 13,383
3D Printing Machines [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Revenue	4,905	6,317
3D Printed and Other Products, Materials and Services [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 8,116	$ 7,066

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Revenue - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, description of payment terms	the Company’s terms of sale generally require payment within 30 to 60 days after delivery, although the Company also recognizes that longer payment periods are customary in certain countries where it transacts business.
Revenue recognized related to contract liabilities	$ 2,458
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	47,800
Allowance for doubtful accounts	503		$ 576
(Recoveries) provision for bad debts - net	$ (47)	$ 51
Minimum [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Term till payment is required from date of shipment	30 days
Maximum [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Term till payment is required from date of shipment	60 days

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Revenue - Additional Information (Detail 1) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 47,800
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-04-01
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 40,200
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, Expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash - Schedule of Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash And Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 137,321	$ 49,668
Restricted cash	955	508
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 138,276	$ 50,176

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash Cash Equivalents And Restricted Cash [Line Items]
Restricted cash associated with cash collateral	$ 955	$ 508
United States Bank [Member]
Cash Cash Equivalents And Restricted Cash [Line Items]
Restricted cash associated with cash collateral	508	$ 508
German Bank [Member]
Cash Cash Equivalents And Restricted Cash [Line Items]
Restricted cash associated with cash collateral	$ 447

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Inventories - Schedule of Inventories (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials and components	$ 10,875	$ 9,436
Work in process	5,281	4,797
Finished goods	6,859	6,329
Inventories	$ 23,015	$ 20,562

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Inventories - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories	$ 2,702	$ 2,678	$ 3,370	$ 3,443

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Inventories - Summary of Changes in Allowance for Slow-moving and Obsolete Inventories (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 2,678	$ 3,443
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories ̶ net	129	22
Reductions for sale, consumption or scrap of previously reserved amounts	(1)	(36)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(104)	(59)
Balance at end of period	$ 2,702	$ 3,370

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Product Warranty Reserves - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021
Product Warranties Disclosures [Abstract]
Standard product warranty period	Substantially all of the Company’s 3D printing machines are covered by a standard one-year warranty. Generally, at the time of sale, a liability is recorded (with an offset to cost of sales) based upon the expected cost of replacement parts and labor to be incurred over the life of the standard warranty.

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Product Warranty Reserves - Summary of Changes in Product Warranty Reserves (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Guarantees [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 1,335	$ 866
Provisions for new issuances	362	276
Payments	(705)	(344)
Reserve adjustments	212	20
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(32)	(8)
Balance at end of period	$ 1,172	$ 810

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Contingencies and Commitments - Additional Information (Detail) - Amended GmbH Credit Agreement [Member] - Financial Guarantees and Letters of Credit [Member] € in Thousands, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	Feb. 24, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 24, 2020 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€)
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, increased capacity amount	$ 4,105	€ 3,500
German Bank [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility, outstanding amount			$ 1,619	€ 1,381	$ 928	€ 756
Debt expiration dates range start			Jun. 30, 2021
Debt expiration dates range end			Mar. 31, 2023
Cash collateral			$ 447	€ 381	$ 0
Minimum [Member] | German Bank [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Issuance of financial guarantees and letters of credit	1,173	1,000
Maximum [Member] | Cash Collateral [Member] | German Bank [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Issuance of financial guarantees and letters of credit	$ 1,173	€ 1,000

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Related Party Revolving Credit Facility - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Feb. 18, 2020	Mar. 12, 2018	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amortization of debt issuance costs			$ 7,000	$ 19,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cash payment			$ 105,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | LBM Holdings, LLC [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 15,000,000
Credit facility, expiration period		3 years
Credit facility, expiration date		Mar. 12, 2021
Credit facility, description of variable rate basis			one-month LIBOR
Credit facility, commitment fee on unused portion, percentage		0.75%
Credit facility, commitment fee on unused portion, payable term			The Credit Agreement required a commitment fee of 75 basis points, or 0.75%, on the unused portion of the facility, payable monthly in arrears
Credit facility, up-front commitment fee percentage		1.25%
Credit facility, up-front commitment fee amount		$ 188,000
Debt issuance costs, gross			$ 265,000
Interest expense relating to the Credit Agreement			129,000	45,000
Interest expense related to commitment fee			18,000	27,000
Amortization of debt issuance costs			6,000	18,000
Debt issuance costs, net			105,000
Credit facility, borrowings			0	$ 0
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | LBM Holdings, LLC [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Credit facility, basis spread on variable rate		5.00%
Amended Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | LBM Holdings, LLC [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 10,000,000
Credit facility, expiration date	Mar. 31, 2024
Credit facility, commitment fee on unused portion, percentage	1.00%
Debt issuance costs, gross			$ 49,000

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Long-Term Debt - Components of Long-Term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Paycheck Protection Program loan	$ 2,194	$ 2,194
Building note payable, Principal		1,226
Less: amount due within one year, Principal	(1,949)	(1,626)
Long-term debt - net of current portion, Principal	245	1,794
Building note payable, Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		(15)
Less: amount due within one year, Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		4
Long-term debt - net of current portion, Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		(11)
Paycheck Protection Program loan	2,194	2,194
Building note payable, Net		1,211
Less: amount due within one year, Net	(1,949)	(1,622)
Long-term debt ̶ net of current portion	$ 245	$ 1,783

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	Feb. 26, 2021	Apr. 18, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loss on extinguishment of debt			$ (119)
Long term debt fair value			2,141	$ 3,382
Building Note Payable [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes payable monthly payments			$ 18
Building note payable, with monthly payments interest rate			4.00%
Building note payable, with monthly payments basis spread			3.25%
Date of interest rate adjustment			2017-05
Notes payable maturity			2027-05
Cash payment	$ 1,199
Notes Payable	$ 1,185
Loss on extinguishment of debt			$ 14
United States Treasury Securities [Member] | Building Note Payable [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes payable monthly payments			$ 19
Paycheck Protection Program [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan bears interest rate		1.00%	1.00%
Maturity date		Apr. 18, 2022
Lender [Member] | Paycheck Protection Program [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan principal amount		$ 2,194

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Long-Term Debt - Future Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Detail) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2021	$ 1,217
2022	977
Long-term debt	$ 2,194

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Schedule Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$ (412)	$ 226
Effective tax rate	6.30%	6.60%
United States statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%
Japanese Tax Authorities [Member]
Schedule Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$ (412)
Income tax refunds	$ 412

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Equity-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Jan. 24, 2013	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense		$ 282,000	$ 292,000
Weighted-average remaining vesting period		2 years 2 months 12 days
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options		$ 1,100,000
Stock options exercised		110,568
Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense		$ 90,000	$ 145,000
Total future compensation expense		291,000
Intrinsic value, stock options exercisable		8,500,000
Intrinsic value, stock options expected to vest		$ 3,296,000
Weighted average remaining contractual term of stock options exercisable		2 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term of stock options expected to vest		3 years 9 months 18 days
Intrinsic value of stock options exercised		$ 3,597,000
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options		1,440,000
Unsettled net proceeds from sale of stock		340,000
Income tax benefit		0
Stock options exercised			0
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense		150,000	$ 141,000
Total future compensation expense		1,213,000
Fair value of restricted shares vested		$ 1,505,000	$ 248,000
Maximum [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Stock options contractual expiration period		10 years
Maximum [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Minimum [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		1 year
Stock options contractual expiration period		5 years
Minimum [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		1 year
Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options exercised		111,000
2013 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance	500,000
Remaining shares available for future issuances		494,087
2013 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Common Stock [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of outstanding shares of common stock	3.00%
Number of Shares authorized	1,992,241
2020 Annual Incentive Programme [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense		$ 0
2021 Annual Incentive Program [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense		22,000
2021 Executive Stock Performance Program [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense		$ 14,000

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Equity-Based Compensation - Summary of Equity-Based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes		$ 282	$ 292
Benefit for income taxes		0	0
Total equity-based compensation expense net of income taxes		282	292
Stock Options [Member]
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes		90	145
Restricted Stock [Member]
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes		150	141
Other [Member]
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes	[1]	$ 42	$ 6

[1] For 2021, Other represents expense associated with the 2021 Program, the ESPP, and certain employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity. For 2020, Other represents activity associated with certain employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity.

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Equity-Based Compensation - Summary of Equity-Based Compensation Expense (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Benefit for income taxes from equity-based compensation	$ 0	$ 0

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Equity-Based Compensation - Assumptions for Fair Value of Stock Options Granted Estimated on the Date of Grant Using the Black-Scholes Option (Detail) - Stock Options [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 $ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average fair value per stock option	$ 19.04
Volatility	71.10%
Average risk-free interest rate	0.50%
Dividend yield	0.00%
Expected term (years)	3 years 6 months

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Equity-Based Compensation - Summary of Activity for Stock Options (Detail) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Stock options outstanding, Beginning balance	641,232	854,259
Stock options granted	4,500
Stock options exercised	(110,568)
Stock options forfeited		(6,876)
Stock options expired		(9,000)
Stock options outstanding, Ending balance	535,164	838,383
Exercisable at end of period	391,692	499,139
Expected to vest at end of period	143,472	339,244
Weighted average exercise price, Beginning balance	$ 9.80	$ 9.34
Weighted average exercise price, Stock options granted	38.22
Weighted average exercise price, Stock options exercised	13.02
Weighted average exercise price, Stock options forfeited		7.01
Weighted average exercise price, Stock options expired		10.89
Weighted average exercise price, Ending balance	9.38	9.35
Weighted average exercise price, Exercisable	9.66	10.74
Weighted average exercise price, Expected to vest, net of forfeitures	8.61	7.30
Weighted average grant date fair value, Beginning balance	4.74	4.49
Weighted average grant date fair value, Stock options granted	19.04
Weighted average grant date fair value, Stock options exercised	7.38
Weighted average grant date fair value, Stock options forfeited		2.84
Weighted average grant date fair value, Stock options expired		5.82
Weighted average grant date fair value, Ending balance	4.31	4.49
Weighted average grant date fair value, Exercisable	4.60	5.52
Weighted average grant date fair value, Expected to vest, net of forfeitures	$ 3.52	$ 2.96

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Equity-Based Compensation - Summary of Activity for Restricted Stock Awards (Detail) - Restricted Stock [Member] - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Restricted Shares, outstanding, Beginning Balance	188,891	66,513
Number of Restricted Shares, granted		37,500
Number of Restricted Shares, vested	(37,500)	(35,500)
Number of Restricted Shares, outstanding, Ending Balance	151,391	68,513
Number of Restricted Shares, expected to vest	151,391	68,513
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance	$ 9.52	$ 8.76
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, granted		7.12
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, vested	7.12	9.63
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Ending Balance	10.12	7.41
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, expected to vest	$ 10.12	$ 7.41

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Concentration of Credit Risk - Additional Information (Detail) - Five Most Significant Customers [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Accounts receivable from significant customers	$ 1,224	$ 1,775
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member]
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenue concentration, by most significant customers	33.30%	33.10%

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Other (Income) Expense - Net - Schedule of Other Expense (Income) - Net (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Other Income And Expenses [Abstract]
Interest income	$ (3)	$ (12)
Foreign currency gains ̶ net	(136)	(165)
Other – net	14	(13)
Other expense - net	$ (125)	$ (190)