485APOS 1 d735267d485apos.htm NYDIG BITCOIN STRATEGY FUND II NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2021

1933 Act File No. 333-184477

1940 Act File No. 811-22761

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A

 

              

                 

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

  

 

            

 

Pre-Effective Amendment No.                               

  

 
 

Post-Effective Amendment No.               76          

  

 
 

 

and/or

 

    
 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

  

 
 

Amendment No.                                       78           

  

 

(Check appropriate box or boxes.)

STONE RIDGE TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, New York 10022

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code:

855-609-3680

Stone Ridge Trust

510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, New York 10022

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

Copies of Communication To:

Elizabeth J. Reza

Gregory C. Davis

Ropes & Gray LLP

800 Boylston Street

Boston, Massachusetts 02199

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

 

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

 

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

 

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

 

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

 

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

 

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

This Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement of Stone Ridge Trust on Form N-1A (File No. 333-184477) is being filed pursuant to Rule 485(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to include a prospectus and statement of additional information relating to the NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II, a new series of the Registrant. No information contained herein is intended to amend or supersede any prior filing relating to any other series of the Registrant.


Subject to Completion Dated May 12, 2021

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to the securities described herein has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement becomes effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state in which the offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful.

PROSPECTUS

[                ], 2021

STONE RIDGE ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC

 

 

NYDIG BITCOIN STRATEGY FUND II

   

Share Class

 

Ticker Symbol

   
  Class I   [                ]  
  Class M   [                ]  

This prospectus describes Class I Shares and Class M Shares of the NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II (the “Fund”). The Fund’s shares do not charge sales commissions or loads.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This prospectus contains important information about the Fund and the services available to shareholders. Please save it for reference.

As permitted by regulations adopted by the Commission, paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports are not sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from your financial intermediary or, if you invest directly through the Fund’s transfer agent, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the “Transfer Agent”), from the Transfer Agent. Instead, the reports are made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

If you have already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications electronically by contacting your financial intermediary.

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge by contacting your financial intermediary or, if you invest directly through the Transfer Agent, by contacting the Transfer Agent at (855) 609-3680. Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held in your account if you invest through a financial intermediary or all funds within the fund complex if you invest directly through the Transfer Agent.


STONE RIDGE TRUST

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

    Page  

FUND SUMMARY

    S-1  

NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II

    S-1  

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGIES AND RISKS

    1  

Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies

    1  

Risks of Investing

    8  

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

    27  

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION

    27  

Investment Adviser

    27  

Portfolio Managers

    27  

Additional Information Regarding the Adviser and Portfolio Managers

    27  

Distributor, Administrator and Transfer Agent

    27  

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

    28  

Fund Closings

    28  

How Fund Share Prices Are Calculated

    28  

INVESTING IN THE FUND

    29  

Eligibility to Buy Class I and Class M Shares

    29  

Investment Minimums

    29  

Other Policies

    29  

HOW TO BUY CLASS I AND CLASS M SHARES

    30  

How to Buy Shares

    30  

Customer Identification Program

    30  

HOW TO REDEEM CLASS I AND CLASS M SHARES

    31  

Payments of Redemption Proceeds

    31  

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

    32  

Distributions and Federal Income Tax Matters

    32  

Frequent Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares

    34  

DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS

    34  

Distribution Plan

    34  

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

    35  

STONE RIDGE’S PRIVACY NOTICE

    36  

USEFUL SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

    Back Cover  


FUND SUMMARY

NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II

Investment Objective

The NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II’s (the “Fund”) investment objective is capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Fees and Expenses

The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

 

         

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

   Class I     Class M  
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)     
Management Fees      [    ]%       [    ]%  
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees      None        [    ]%  
Other Expenses(1)      [    ]%       [    ]%  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses      [    ]%       [    ]%  
(Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement)(2)      ([    ]%     ([    ]%
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After (Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement)      [    ]%       [    ]%  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

(2)

Through the one-year anniversary of the date the Fund commences investment operations, the Adviser (defined below) has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or pay or otherwise bear operating and other expenses of the Fund or a Class thereof (including organizational and offering expenses, but excluding brokerage and transactional expenses, borrowing and other investment-related costs and fees including interest and commitment fees, short dividend expense, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, litigation and indemnification expenses, judgments and extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”)) solely to the extent necessary to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses, other than Excluded Expenses, of the applicable Class to [    ]% for Class I shares and [    ]% for Class M shares of the average daily net assets attributable to such Class of shares. The Adviser shall be entitled to recoup in later periods expenses attributable to a Class that the Adviser has paid or otherwise borne (whether through reduction of its management fee or otherwise) to the extent that the expenses for the Class of shares (including offering expenses, but excluding Excluded Expenses) after such recoupment do not exceed the lower of (i) the annual expense limitation rate in effect at the time of the actual waiver/reimbursement and (ii) the annual expense limitation rate in effect at the time of the recoupment; provided that the Adviser shall not be permitted to recoup any such fees or expenses beyond three years from the end of the month in which such fee was reduced or such expense was reimbursed. The expense limitation agreement may only be modified by a majority vote of the trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund (as defined by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) and the consent of the Adviser.

Example. This Example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated, regardless of whether or not you redeem your shares at the end of such periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses (as described above) remain the same and takes into account the effect of the expense reimbursement (if any) during the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

       1 Year      3 Years

Class I Shares

     $[    ]      $[    ]

Class M Shares

     $[    ]      $[    ]

Portfolio Turnover

A change in the securities held by the Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These

 

S-1


costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities. Portfolio turnover information for the Fund is not presented because the Fund has not commenced investment operations as of the date of this prospectus.

Principal Investment Strategies

The NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II seeks capital appreciation. The Fund pursues its investment strategy primarily by investing in bitcoin futures contracts and in pooled investment vehicles that invest directly or indirectly in bitcoin (collectively, “bitcoin-related investments”). In addition, the Fund expects to have significant holdings of cash, U.S. government securities, mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises of the U.S. government (whether or not the securities are U.S. government securities, “Agency MBS”), municipal debt securities, money market funds and investment grade securities issued by foreign governments, supranational entities and, to a lesser extent, corporations (the “Cash and Fixed Income Investments”). The Cash and Fixed Income Investments are intended to provide liquidity, to serve as collateral for the Fund’s futures contracts and to support the Fund’s use of leverage. The Fund does not invest in bitcoin or other digital assets directly.

The Fund seeks to invest in bitcoin-related investments so that the total value of the bitcoin to which the Fund has economic exposure is between 100% and 125% of the net assets of the Fund (the “Target Exposure”). To the extent that the Fund’s economic exposure to bitcoin exceeds 100% of the net assets of the Fund, the Fund will generally have leveraged exposure to the value of bitcoin. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to achieve or maintain the Target Exposure.

Bitcoin and bitcoin futures contracts are a relatively new asset class and are subject to unique and substantial risks, including the risk that the value of the Fund’s investments could decline rapidly, including to zero. Bitcoin and bitcoin futures contracts have historically been more volatile than traditional asset classes. You should be prepared to lose your entire investment.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin is a digital asset, the ownership and behavior of which are determined by participants in an online, peer-to-peer network that connects computers that run publicly accessible, or “open source,” software that follows the rules and procedures governing the Bitcoin network, commonly referred to as the Bitcoin protocol. The value of bitcoin, like the value of other digital assets, is not backed by any government, corporation or other identified body. Ownership and the ability to transfer or take other actions with respect to bitcoin is protected through public-key cryptography. The supply of bitcoin is constrained formulaically by the Bitcoin protocol instead of being explicitly delegated to an identified body (e.g., a central bank or corporate treasury) to control. Units of bitcoin are treated as fungible. Bitcoin and certain other types of digital assets are sometimes referred to as digital currencies or cryptocurrencies. No single entity owns or operates the Bitcoin network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by (1) a decentralized group of participants who run computer software that results in the recording and validation of transactions (commonly referred to as “miners”), (2) developers who propose improvements to the Bitcoin protocol and the software that enforces the protocol and (3) users who choose what Bitcoin software to run. Bitcoin was released in 2009 and, as a result, there is little data on its long-term investment potential. Bitcoin is not backed by a government-issued legal tender or other assets or currency.

Bitcoin Futures Contracts

Futures contracts are financial contracts the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the underlying reference asset. In the case of bitcoin futures contracts, the underlying reference asset is bitcoin. Futures contracts may be physically-settled or cash-settled. The only futures contracts in which the Fund invests are cash-settled bitcoin futures contracts traded on commodity exchanges registered with the CFTC. “Cash-settled” means that when the relevant futures contract expires, if the value of the underlying asset exceeds the futures contract price, the seller pays to the purchaser cash in the amount of that excess, and if the futures contract price exceeds the value of the underlying asset, the purchaser pays to the seller cash in the amount of that excess. In a cash-settled futures contract on bitcoin, the amount of cash to be paid is equal to the difference between the value of the bitcoin underlying the futures contract at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the futures contract price specified in the agreement. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (the “CME”) has specified that the value of bitcoin underlying bitcoin futures contracts traded on the CME will be determined by reference to a volume-weighted average of bitcoin trading prices on multiple bitcoin trading venues.

 

S-2


Pooled Investment Vehicles

The Fund intends to invest in pooled investment vehicles that invest directly or indirectly in bitcoin and are managed by unaffiliated third parties.

Cash and Fixed Income Investments

In addition to the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments, the Fund expects to have significant holdings of Cash and Fixed Income Investments. The Cash and Fixed Income Investments are intended to provide liquidity, to serve as collateral for the Fund’s bitcoin futures contracts and to support the Fund’s use of leverage. Although the amount of Cash and Fixed Income Investments held by the Fund may change over time and will be determined primarily by the amount needed to seek to achieve or maintain the Target Exposure, the Fund intends, under normal circumstances, to invest at least 40% of its total assets in investment-grade fixed income investments that are Agency MBS, municipal debt securities or that are issued by foreign governments, supranational entities or corporations (with the remaining assets of the Fund invested in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and the Subsidiary). In addition, because the Fund intends to qualify as a RIC under the Code, the Fund will generally hold Cash and Fixed Income Investments such that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer.

Principal Investment Risks

Investors should carefully consider the Fund’s risks and investment objective, as an investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors or clients and is not designed to be a complete investment program. An investment in the Fund involves a high degree of risk. It is possible that investing in the Fund may result in a loss of some or all of the amount invested. Before making an investment/allocation decision, investors should (i) consider the suitability of this investment with respect to an investor’s or a client’s investment objectives and individual situation and (ii) consider factors such as an investor’s or a client’s net worth, income, age, and risk tolerance. Investment should be avoided where an investor/client has a short-term investing horizon and/or cannot bear the loss of some or all of the investment.

The Fund is subject to the principal risks described below, whether through its direct investments, investments by the Subsidiary or other pooled investment vehicles or the Fund’s derivatives positions. As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You could lose all or part of your investment in the Fund, and the Fund could underperform other investments.

The following is a summary of certain risks of investing in the Fund. Before investing, please be sure to read the additional information under “Investment Objective, Strategies and Risks — Risks of Investing” below.

Market and Volatility Risk. The value of certain of the Fund’s investments, including bitcoin-related investments, is subject to market risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the investments to which the Fund is exposed will fall, which could occur due to general market or economic conditions or other factors.

The value of bitcoin and, therefore, of the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments, could decline rapidly, including to zero. You should be prepared to lose your entire investment.

Passive Investment Risk. The Fund will generally hold its bitcoin-related investments during periods in which the value of bitcoin is flat or declining as well as during periods in which the value of bitcoin is rising, and the Adviser will generally not seek to change the Fund’s Target Exposure based on daily price changes.

Risk Related to Bitcoin. The further development and acceptance of the Bitcoin network, which is part of a new and rapidly changing industry, is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development or acceptance of the Bitcoin network may adversely affect the price of bitcoin and therefore cause the Fund to suffer losses. Regulatory changes or actions may alter the nature of an investment in bitcoin or restrict the use of bitcoin or the operations of the Bitcoin network or venues on which bitcoin trades in a manner that adversely affects the price of bitcoin and, therefore, the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. For example, it may become difficult or illegal to acquire, hold, sell or use bitcoin in one or more countries, which could adversely impact the price of bitcoin. Cybersecurity risks of the Bitcoin protocol and of entities that custody or facilitate the transfers or trading of bitcoin could result in a loss of public confidence in bitcoin, a decline in the value of bitcoin and, as a result, adversely impact the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Futures Contract Risk. The use of futures contracts involves risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets.

Pooled Investment Vehicle Risk. The Fund’s investments in pooled investment vehicles that invest in bitcoin are subject to the bitcoin-related risks described herein. In addition, such pooled investment vehicles are subject to risk with respect to the custody of their bitcoin holdings, and additional risks.

 

S-3


Target Exposure and Rebalancing Risk. Although the Fund seeks to achieve and maintain exposure to bitcoin equal to the Target Exposure, it is possible in certain circumstances that the Fund may not succeed in achieving or maintaining this exposure, possibly maintaining substantially lower exposure for extended periods of time.

Tracking Error Risk. There are several factors that may cause the returns of the Fund to differ substantially from the returns from holding an amount of bitcoin equal to the Target Exposure directly.

Borrowing and Leverage Risk. The Fund seeks to achieve and maintain the Target Exposure by using leverage inherent in futures contracts and through reverse repurchase agreements, and may also obtain leverage in the form of borrowings, which would typically be in the form of loans from banks, may be on a secured or unsecured basis and at fixed or variable rates of interest. Therefore, the Fund is subject to leverage risk. Leverage can have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of its assets and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”). This means the Fund will have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned its assets on an unleveraged basis.

Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk. Reverse repurchase agreements involve substantial risk, including the risk of loss due to adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying reference, failure of a counterparty or tax or regulatory constraints.

Illiquidity Risk. Illiquidity risk is the risk that the investments held by the Fund may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the Fund would like without significantly changing the market value of the investment. The Fund may invest at the time of purchase up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

Debt Investing Risk. The values of debt securities to which the Fund is exposed change in response to interest rate changes. In general, the value of a debt security is likely to fall as interest rates rise. This risk is generally greater for obligations with longer maturities or for debt securities that do not pay current interest (such as zero-coupon securities). Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result.

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the 1940 Act. Accordingly, the Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer than if it were a “diversified” fund. To the extent that the Fund invests a higher percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer, the Fund is subject to a higher degree of risk associated with and developments affecting that issuer than a fund that invests more widely.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s portfolio turnover and frequent trading of futures contracts may result in higher transaction costs than if the Fund traded less frequently.

Limited Operating History Risk. The Fund has a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record and history on which to base their investment decision.

Tax Risk. The Fund currently intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Code. In order to qualify for such treatment, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income, meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each fiscal quarter, and distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income. The Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC, and income generated from pooled investment vehicles could also cause the Fund to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance

In the future, this section will show how the Fund’s total return has varied from year-to-year, along with a broad-based market index for reference. Because the Fund has not operated for a full calendar year as of the date of this prospectus, there is no past performance to report. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not an indication of future performance. Performance data current to the most recent month end may be obtained by calling (855) 609-3680.

Management

Investment Adviser

Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC (“Stone Ridge” or the “Adviser”) is the Fund’s investment adviser.

Portfolio Managers

[                ], [                ]and [                ] (the “Portfolio Managers”) are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. [                ], [                ] and [                ] have been Portfolio Managers since the Fund’s inception.

 

S-4


Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

The minimum initial investment (which may be waived or reduced in certain circumstances) is $500,000 for Class I Shares and $2,500 for Class M shares. These minimums may be modified and/or applied in the aggregate for certain intermediaries that submit trades on behalf of underlying investors (e.g., registered investment advisers or benefit plans). Differences in the policies of different intermediaries may include different minimum investment amounts. There is no minimum for subsequent investments. All share purchases are subject to approval of the Adviser.

Fund shares may be redeemed on any business day, which is any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business, by writing to Stone Ridge Trust, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, or by calling (855) 609-3680. Investors who invest in the Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary regarding redemption procedures.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions are expected to be taxed as ordinary income and/or capital gains, unless you are exempt from taxation or investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, you may be taxed upon withdrawals from that arrangement.

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

The Fund is not generally sold through financial intermediaries other than certain registered investment advisers, and no sales loads are charged to investors or paid to financial intermediaries. See “Distribution Arrangements” below.

 

S-5


INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGIES AND RISKS

When used in this prospectus, the term “invest” includes both direct investing and indirect investing, and the term “investments” includes both direct investments and indirect investments. The Fund will also invest through an investment in the Subsidiary.

Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies    

The NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II seeks capital appreciation. The Fund pursues its investment strategy primarily by investing in bitcoin futures contracts and in pooled investment vehicles that invest directly or indirectly in bitcoin (collectively, “bitcoin-related investments”). In addition, the Fund expects to have significant holdings of cash, U.S. government securities, mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises of the U.S. government (whether or not the securities are U.S. government securities, “Agency MBS”), municipal debt securities, money market funds and investment grade securities issued by foreign governments, supranational entities and, to a lesser extent, corporations (the “Cash and Fixed Income Investments”). The Cash and Fixed Income Investments are intended to provide liquidity, to serve as collateral for the Fund’s futures contracts and to support the Fund’s use of leverage. The Fund does not invest in bitcoin or other digital assets directly.

The Fund seeks to invest in bitcoin-related investments so that the total value of the bitcoin to which the Fund has economic exposure is between 100% and 125% of the net assets of the Fund (the “Target Exposure”). To the extent that the Fund’s economic exposure to bitcoin exceeds 100% of the net assets of the Fund, the Fund will generally have leveraged exposure to the value of bitcoin. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to achieve or maintain the Target Exposure.

Bitcoin and bitcoin futures contracts are a relatively new asset class and are subject to unique and substantial risks, including the risk that the value of the Fund’s investments could decline rapidly, including to zero. Bitcoin and bitcoin futures contracts have historically been more volatile than traditional asset classes. You should be prepared to lose your entire investment.

For cash management or temporary defensive purposes in times of adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, the Fund can invest up to 100% of its assets in investments that may be inconsistent with its principal investment strategy. Generally, the Fund would invest in money market instruments or in other short-term U.S. or foreign government securities. The Fund might also hold these types of securities as interim investments pending the investment of proceeds from the sale of its shares or the sale of its portfolio investments or to meet anticipated redemptions of its shares.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin is a digital asset, the ownership and behavior of which are determined by participants in an online, peer-to-peer network that connects computers that run publicly accessible, or “open source,” software that follows the rules and procedures governing the Bitcoin network, commonly referred to as the Bitcoin protocol. The value of bitcoin, like the value of other digital assets, is not backed by any government, corporation or other identified body. Ownership and the ability to transfer or take other actions with respect to bitcoin is protected through public-key cryptography. The supply of bitcoin is constrained formulaically by the Bitcoin protocol instead of being explicitly delegated to an identified body (e.g., a central bank or corporate treasury) to control. Units of bitcoin are treated as fungible. Bitcoin and certain other types of digital assets are sometimes referred to as digital currencies or cryptocurrencies. No single entity owns or operates the Bitcoin network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by (1) a decentralized group of participants who run computer software that results in the recording and validation of transactions (commonly referred to as “miners”), (2) developers who propose improvements to the Bitcoin protocol and the software that enforces the protocol and (3) users who choose what Bitcoin software to run. Bitcoin was released in 2009 and, as a result, there is little data on its long-term investment potential. Bitcoin is not backed by a government-issued legal tender or other assets or currency.

Bitcoin is not an income-generating asset, and the Fund’s investments are not expected to pay dividends or other distributions in the way common stock of companies may. Therefore, any positive return on an investment in the Fund is expected to result only from appreciation of the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments and from income generated by the Fund’s Cash and Fixed Income Investments.

The Bitcoin Network. Bitcoin is “stored” or reflected on a digital transaction ledger commonly known as a “blockchain.” A blockchain is a type of shared and continually reconciled database, stored in a decentralized manner on the computers of certain users of the digital asset. A blockchain is a canonical record of every digital asset: the

 

1


blockchain records every “coin” or “token,” balances of digital assets, every transaction and every address associated with a quantity of a particular digital asset. Bitcoin utilizes the blockchain to record transactions into and out of different addresses, facilitating a determination of how much bitcoin is in each address.

Bitcoin is created by “mining.” Mining involves miners using a sophisticated computer program to repeatedly solve complex mathematical problems on specialized computer hardware. Miners range from bitcoin enthusiasts to professional mining operations that design and build dedicated machines and data centers. The mathematical problem involves a computation involving all or some bitcoin transactions that have been proposed by the Bitcoin network’s participants. When this problem is solved, the computer creates a “block” consisting of these transactions. As each newly solved block refers back to and “connects” with the immediately prior solved block, the addition of a new block adds to the blockchain in a manner similar to a new link being added to a chain. A miner’s proposed block is added to the blockchain once a majority of the nodes on the network confirm the miner’s work. A miner that is successful in adding a block to the blockchain is automatically awarded a fixed amount of bitcoin for its efforts plus any transaction fees paid by transferors whose transactions are recorded in the block. This reward system is the means by which new bitcoin enter circulation. This reward system, called proof of work, also ensures that the local copies of the Bitcoin blockchain maintained by participants in the Bitcoin network are kept in consensus with one another. Given the limited number of blocks produced per day and the statistically uncertain nature of finding blocks, a miner acting alone would experience very high variance in block rewards. Because of these facts, most miners join mining pools wherein multiple miners act cohesively and share any rewards.

The process by which bitcoin transactions are broadcast to the Bitcoin network and then published in successively created blocks by miners typically takes 10 minutes on average. While there is no universal definition of transaction settlement, most service providers consider a transaction confirmed when it has been published six blocks deep. Although previously there were minimal or no transaction costs in direct peer-to-peer transactions on the Bitcoin network, more recently the Bitcoin network has faced a scaling challenge that has led to significantly increased fees. The Bitcoin network has in the past been at or near capacity. During the period from January 1, 2017 to January 31, 2021, average bitcoin transaction fees have increased from $0.39 per transaction to $11.56 per transaction, with a high of $54.83 per transaction on December 12, 2017.

Bitcoin can be used to pay for goods and services or can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on bitcoin trading venues or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter system. One or more private keys control the transfer or “spending” of bitcoin from an associated public address. To use bitcoin, a user or a service provider must have access to keys that identify it for its transactions (similar to an ATM card and its related PIN). Bitcoin users keep their keys in electronic “wallets” that can be maintained on their computers, mobile phones, specialized hardware wallets, or wallets provided by online custodians. As of December 31, 2020, there are approximately 18.6 million bitcoin that have been created, a number that is not permitted grow to more than 21 million, which is estimated to occur by the year 2140. The value of bitcoin is determined by the supply of and demand for bitcoin on bitcoin trading venues.

Many bitcoin transactions happen “on-chain,” with the transaction broadcast to the Bitcoin network and recorded in the blockchain. It is possible, however, for bitcoin transactions to occur “off-chain” as well. For example, consider a custodian that holds customers’ bitcoin in an omnibus wallet and allows instantaneous transfers between customers based on changes solely in the custodians’ records indicating how much each customer owns in the wallet. Such transactions are off-chain and data regarding such off-chain transactions is generally not publicly available. In contrast, on-chain digital asset transactions are publicly recorded on the blockchain. Such off-chain transactions are subject to risks because any such transfer of bitcoin ownership is neither protected by the protocol behind the Bitcoin network nor recorded in and validated through the blockchain mechanism. Other types of off-chain transactions may be safer if, for example, they are validated through consensus mechanisms.

The Bitcoin network was initially contemplated in a white paper purportedly authored by an individual named Satoshi Nakamoto; however, no individual with that name has been reliably identified as bitcoin’s creator, and the general consensus is that the name is a pseudonym for the actual inventor or inventors. The first bitcoin was created in 2009 after Nakamoto released the Bitcoin network source code and mined the first block. Since its introduction, bitcoin has been under active development by a group of engineers known as Core developers, who work on the reference implementation, Bitcoin Core. As an open source project, bitcoin is not represented by an official organization or authority, although many groups including MIT’s Media Lab work to organize the bitcoin community and to develop and protect the Bitcoin network’s code.

Development of the Bitcoin source code has increasingly focused on modifications of the Bitcoin protocol to enhance speed and scalability. For example, in August 2017, a technical upgrade to the Bitcoin network known as

 

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“segregated witness” was adopted that, among other things, enables so-called second layer solutions, such as the Lightning Network, or payment channels that could potentially allow greater speed and number of transactions that the Bitcoin network can process in a given time interval (i.e., transaction throughput). The Lightning Network is an open-source decentralized network that enables the instant off-blockchain transfer of bitcoin without requiring a trusted third party. The Lightning Network uses bidirectional payment channels, which work as follows: An on-blockchain transaction is required to open a channel, which can later be closed through another on-blockchain transaction. Once a channel is open, value can be transferred instantly between counterparties engaging in bitcoin transactions without such transactions being broadcast to the Bitcoin network. This enables increased transaction throughput and reduces the computational burden on the Bitcoin network. The Lightning Network is currently a subject of ongoing research and development and is in early stages of adoption.

Other uses of segregated witness include smart contracts (which are programs that automatically execute on a blockchain) and distributed registers built into, built atop or pegged alongside the blockchain. For example, one white paper published by the blockchain technology company Blockstream calls for the use of “pegged sidechains” to develop programming environments built within blockchain ledgers that can interact with and rely on the security of the Bitcoin network and blockchain while remaining independent thereof. Applications of this concept include open source projects such as RSK, which seeks to create novel open-source smart contract platforms built on the Bitcoin blockchain to allow automated, condition-based payments with increased speed and scalability.

Such research and development projects may utilize bitcoin as tokens for the facilitation of their non-financial uses, thereby potentially increasing demand for bitcoin and the utility of the Bitcoin network as a whole. Conversely, to the extent that such projects operate on the Bitcoin blockchain, they may increase the data flow on the Bitcoin network and could either “bloat” the size of the blockchain or result in slower confirmation times. At this time, such projects remain in early stages and have not been materially integrated into the blockchain or Bitcoin network.

The Bitcoin Market. Bitcoin is the oldest, best-known and largest market-capitalization digital asset. Since the advent of bitcoin, numerous other digital assets have been created. The website CoinMarketCap.com tracks the U.S. dollar price and total market capitalization for each of more than 4,000 traded digital assets. As of April 30, 2021, bitcoin had a total market capitalization in excess of $1 trillion and represented more than 45% of the entire digital asset market.

The first trading venues for bitcoin were informal exchange services marketed primarily in public online forums. Transactions on these services were effected via anonymous email, and the fiat currency portions of these transactions were effected through payment services such as PayPal. These services required their operators to manually match buyers and sellers in order to process transactions.

Later, automated exchanges that matched buyers and sellers began to form. Many such exchanges have been created in the U.S. and abroad. In the U.S., a number of exchanges now operate under licensing from the New York Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS”).

Beginning in 2016, more institutional investors entered the bitcoin market. As a result, an increasing number of transactions have occurred in OTC markets instead of exchanges. This type of trading allows for bespoke trading arrangements that may ease of the burden of trade operations or reduce different types of risks (e.g., counterparty risk).

As a result, there is not a single source for pricing bitcoin. The Fund believes that prices on the bitcoin trading venues are generally formed by the levels of demand on either side of the exchange’s order book, and arbitrage between exchanges typically prevents larger and/or more persistent differences in prices between bitcoin trading venues. Factors that the Fund believes may influence the relative balance of buyers and sellers on the bitcoin trading venues include trading activity in the OTC markets, global or regional economic conditions, expected levels of inflation, growth or reversal in the adoption and use of bitcoin, developments in the regulation of bitcoin, changes in the preference of market participants between bitcoin and other digital assets, maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of the Bitcoin network, and negative consumer or public perception of bitcoin specifically or digital assets generally. See “Risks of Investing — Market and Volatility Risk,” “ — Bitcoin Adoption Risk,” and “ — Bitcoin Cybersecurity Risk.”

Bitcoin spot trading occurs on venues in the U.S. that are licensed to conduct that business by the NYDFS, other venues in the U.S. and non-U.S. venues. In addition, bitcoin futures contract trading occurs on exchanges in the U.S. regulated by the CFTC. The market for NYDFS-licensed and CFTC-regulated trading of bitcoin and bitcoin derivatives has developed substantially.

 

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Bitcoin and bitcoin futures contracts have generally exhibited high price volatility relative to traditional asset classes. The table below provides historical information about the price and volatility of bitcoin and bitcoin futures contracts for the period from January 1, 2020 through April 30, 2021. There can be no assurance as to the future performance of bitcoin or bitcoin futures contracts; past performance and volatility should not be taken as an indication of future performance or volatility.

 

                             

Asset

     Start Price      Low Price      High Price      End Price      Maximum
Price
Range(1)
    Annualized
Volatility(2)
 
Bitcoin(3)      $ 7,145      $ 3,906      $ 64,889      $ 57,039        42.90     71.74
Bitcoin Futures(4)      $ 7,210      $ 4,210      $ 65,975      $ 57,315        35.38     73.14

 

(1)

Maximum Price Range computed by first calculating the price range for each day as a percentage of the day’s midpoint price, and then selecting the highest such price range.

(2)

Annualized Volatility is the standard deviation of daily (4 p.m. to 4 p.m.) price returns, annualized by a 365-day factor for bitcoin (which trades 24 hours a day) and annualized by a 252-day factor for bitcoin futures contracts (which trade only on business days).

(3)

Prices represented by the 4pm Coindesk Bitcoin Price Index.

(4)

Prices represented by the daily CME (as defined below) settlement prices.

The following table shows the aggregate annual trading volume for bitcoin across the three largest NYDFS-licensed exchanges, as well as the aggregate annual trading volume and average daily open interest (i.e., the average total number of bitcoin futures contracts held by market participants at the end of each trading day) for bitcoin futures contracts on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”). The bitcoin data shown is for trading volumes of bitcoin against US dollars and exclude trading transactions of bitcoin against other digital assets (e.g., Tether) or other fiat currencies (e.g., euros). There can be no assurance as to the future liquidity of bitcoin or bitcoin futures contracts.

 

              

Year

     Bitcoin Volume ($000’s)      Futures Volume ($000’s)      Futures Average
Open Interest
($000’s)
 
2016        2,692,758                
2017        68,044,599        736,828        41,498  
2018        83,127,690        31,977,850        86,360  
2019        66,699,394        60,958,390        155,438  
2020        104,395,865        132,284,440        525,047  
2021 (through 4/30)        208,317,450        238,980,766        2,423,085  

Source: Respective exchanges.

The following chart shows the movements in the prices of spot bitcoin (which is represented by the 4pm Coindesk Bitcoin Price Index) and bitcoin futures contracts for the period from January 1, 2018 through April 30, 2021. There can be no assurance that bitcoin futures contracts will successfully track the price of bitcoin over time or at any particular time in the future.

 

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LOGO

Forks and Air Drops. A “hard fork” of the Bitcoin network (or any other digital asset network) occurs when there is a disagreement among users and miners over modifications to the network, which are typically made through software upgrades and subsequently accepted or rejected through downloads or lack thereof of the relevant software upgrade by users. If less than a substantial majority of users and miners consent to a proposed modification, and the modification is not compatible with the software prior to its modification, a fork in the blockchain results, with one prong running the pre-modified software and the other running the modified software. The effect of such a fork is the existence of two versions of the network running in parallel, yet lacking interchangeability. After a fork, holders of the original digital asset typically end up holding equal amounts of the original digital asset and the new digital asset.

For example, in August 2017, bitcoin “forked” into bitcoin and a new digital asset, bitcoin cash, as a result of a several-year dispute over how to increase transaction throughput.

The solution favored by the majority of users and miners was to make software changes that would allow “off-chain” scaling solutions, such as the Lightning Network, which works by allowing secure transactions to occur in a separate network of bilateral payment channels that only periodically settle through a transaction on the main Bitcoin network. A minority group favored a less complex approach of simply increasing the number of transactions that can be validated at the same time. A sizable minority of miners adopted software that implemented the latter approach, which effectively created a new network, the Bitcoin Cash network, with a transaction history identical to that of the Bitcoin Network. The identical transaction history meant that each holder of bitcoin at the time of the new network’s formation continued to hold bitcoin for use on the Bitcoin network, but also received an equal amount of Bitcoin Cash for use on the new network.

Additionally, a fork could be introduced by an unintentional, unanticipated software flaw in the multiple versions of otherwise compatible software users run for any given digital asset. Such a fork could adversely affect bitcoin’s viability. It is possible, however, that a substantial number of users and miners could adopt an incompatible version of the network while resisting community-led efforts to merge the two chains, resulting in a permanent fork.

A hard fork can introduce new security risks. Another possible result of a hard fork is an inherent decrease in the level of security. After a hard fork, it may become easier for an individual miner or mining pool’s hashing power to exceed 50% of the processing power of the Bitcoin network, thereby making the network more susceptible to attack. A fork in the Bitcoin network could adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

In addition to forks, bitcoin (or any other digital asset) may become subject to a similar occurrence known as an “air drop.” In an air drop, the promoters of a new digital asset announce to holders of another digital asset that they will be entitled to claim a certain amount of the new digital asset for free simply by virtue of having held the original digital

 

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asset at a certain point in time leading up to the air drop. For example, in March 2017, the promoters of Stellar Lumens announced that anyone that owned bitcoin as of June 26, 2017 could claim, until August 27, 2017, a certain amount of Stellar Lumens.

Government Oversight. Regulatory guidance and the possibility of government action have been significant in shaping the evolution of the bitcoin market. A number of U.S. federal and state agencies and foreign governments and agencies have finalized or proposed rules or guidance, conducted investigations and issued subpoenas, engaged in successful prosecutions, and issued consumer advisories related to bitcoin and other digital assets. For example, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) and certain state financial regulatory agencies require that companies that provide certain services in digital assets obtain licenses or registrations, and have anti-money laundering and sanctions programs, among other requirements, which licenses or registrations can be difficult or costly to obtain or maintain. Continued government and agency actions are likely to continue to be significant to the development of the market and the price of bitcoin, as described in more detail under “Risks of Investing — Bitcoin Regulatory Risk.”

Bitcoin Futures Contracts

Futures contracts are financial contracts the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the underlying reference asset. In the case of bitcoin futures contracts, the underlying reference asset is bitcoin. Futures contracts may be physically-settled or cash-settled. The only futures contracts in which the Fund invests are cash-settled bitcoin futures contracts traded on commodity exchanges registered with the CFTC. “Cash-settled” means that when the relevant futures contract expires, if the value of the underlying asset exceeds the futures contract price, the seller pays to the purchaser cash in the amount of that excess, and if the futures contract price exceeds the value of the underlying asset, the purchaser pays to the seller cash in the amount of that excess. In a cash-settled futures contract on bitcoin, the amount of cash to be paid is equal to the difference between the value of the bitcoin underlying the futures contract at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the futures contract price specified in the agreement. The CME has specified that the value of bitcoin underlying bitcoin futures contracts traded on the CME will be determined by reference to a volume-weighted average of bitcoin trading prices on multiple bitcoin trading venues.

Futures contracts exhibit “futures basis,” which refers to the difference between the current market value of the underlying bitcoin (the “spot” price) and the price of the cash-settled futures contracts. A negative futures basis exists when cash-settled bitcoin futures contracts generally trade at a premium to the current market value of bitcoin. If a negative futures basis exists, the Fund’s investments in bitcoin futures contracts will generally underperform a direct investment in bitcoin, and, therefore, it may be more difficult for the Fund to maintain the Target Exposure.

The Fund expects to gain exposure to bitcoin futures contracts by investing in bitcoin futures contracts through a wholly-owned and controlled subsidiary (the “Subsidiary”) organized in the Cayman Islands and advised by the Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC (the “Adviser”). Because the Fund intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the size of the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary will generally be limited to 25% of the Fund’s total assets, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter (the “Subsidiary Asset Cap”).

Pooled Investment Vehicles

The Fund intends to invest in pooled investment vehicles that invest directly or indirectly in bitcoin and are managed by unaffiliated third parties. The Fund’s investments in such pooled investment vehicles will be subject to management fees and other expenses of such pooled investment vehicles, and the Fund will bear its pro rata share of such fees and expenses in addition to the other Fund fees and expenses described in this prospectus. Partly as a result of such fees and expenses, any pooled investment vehicles in which the Fund invests may at any time underperform or outperform relative to a direct investment in bitcoin (such underperformance or outperformance, “tracking error”). Such pooled investment vehicles may offer a variety of liquidity terms, including vehicles the interests in which do not trade in a secondary market but that offer redemption daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly, as well as vehicles that do not offer to redeem interests in such vehicles but the interests in which trade in a secondary market. Depending on the terms of the pooled investment vehicles in which it invests, there can be no assurance that a liquid market or other means of liquidation (such as redemption) will exist at the time the Fund would like to liquidate its investment in such vehicles, and as a result the Fund may not be able to liquidate its investments in such vehicles at the time, or for the price, that it would like, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance. See “Risks of Investing — Pooled Investment Vehicle Risk” and “ — Illiquidity Risk” below.

 

6


Cash and Fixed Income Investments

In addition to the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments, the Fund expects to have significant holdings of Cash and Fixed Income Investments. The Cash and Fixed Income Investments are intended to provide liquidity, to serve as collateral for the Fund’s bitcoin futures contracts and to support the Fund’s use of leverage. Although the amount of Cash and Fixed Income Investments held by the Fund may change over time and will be determined primarily by the amount needed to seek to achieve or maintain the Target Exposure, the Fund intends, under normal circumstances, to invest at least 40% of its total assets in investment-grade fixed income investments that are Agency MBS, municipal debt securities or that are issued by foreign governments, supranational entities or corporations (with the remaining assets of the Fund invested in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and the Subsidiary). In addition, because the Fund intends to qualify as a RIC under the Code, the Fund will generally hold Cash and Fixed Income Investments such that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer.

Target Exposure, Borrowing and Leverage

Although the Fund seeks to maintain the Target Exposure to bitcoin, the maximum exposure to bitcoin that the Fund is able to achieve will be primarily determined by: (1) the Subsidiary Asset Cap, (2) the amount of exposure to bitcoin provided by the bitcoin futures contracts held by the Subsidiary, and (3) the availability and terms of pooled investment vehicles that invest in bitcoin. In addition, the Fund expects to periodically rebalance its positions in bitcoin-related investments in order to seek to achieve or maintain the Target Exposure or to maintain compliance with the Subsidiary Asset Cap, as applicable, and may carry out any such rebalancing over a period of time in order to allow the Fund to rebalance its positions in a manner intended to reduce transaction costs.

In addition, the Fund’s actual exposure to bitcoin at any particular point in time may be less than the Target Exposure, and may be materially less. At any time at which the Fund’s exposure to bitcoin is less than the Target Exposure — i.e., less than 100% of the Fund’s net asset value — any changes in value of bitcoin will generally result in proportionally smaller changes in the Fund’s NAV. At any time at which the Fund’s exposure to bitcoin is greater than 100% of the Fund’s net asset value, any changes in value of bitcoin will generally result in proportionally larger changes in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, because the Fund does not invest directly in bitcoin, the Fund is exposed to futures basis and to tracking error, so any changes in value of bitcoin may result in proportionally smaller or larger changes in the value of the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. As a result, there can be no assurance that changes in the value of the Fund resulting from the Fund’s investments will track changes in the value of bitcoin.

The Fund seeks to achieve and maintain the Target Exposure by using leverage inherent in futures contracts and through reverse repurchase agreements, and may also obtain leverage in the form of borrowings, which would typically be in the form of loans from banks, may be on a secured or unsecured basis and at fixed or variable rates of interest. The Fund’s bitcoin futures contracts will provide leverage to the extent they give the Fund exposure to an amount of underlying bitcoin with a greater value than the amount of collateral the Fund is required to post to its futures commission merchant (“FCM”). An FCM is a brokerage firm that solicits or accepts orders to buy or sell futures contracts and accepts money or other assets from customers to support such orders. FCMs are required to be registered with the CFTC and to be members of the National Futures Association.

The Fund’s investments in futures contracts and reverse repurchase agreements will be treated as “derivatives” under Rule 18f-4 (“Rule 18f-4”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Rule 18f-4 regulates the use of derivative instruments and certain related transactions by mutual funds. Pursuant to Rule 18f-4, the Fund has adopted and implemented a derivatives risk management program to govern its use of derivatives, and the Fund’s derivatives exposure (including its use of futures contracts and reverse repurchase agreements) is limited through a value-at-risk (“VaR”) test. Very generally, VaR is an estimate of an instrument’s or portfolio’s potential losses over a given time horizon and at a specified confidence level. Rule 18f-4 may restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in certain derivatives transactions and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions, which could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and/or the performance of the Fund.

The 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage of not less than 300% with respect to all borrowings. This means that the value of the Fund’s total indebtedness may not exceed one-third of the value of its total assets (including such indebtedness). The Fund also may borrow money from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes in an amount not to exceed 5% of the Fund’s assets. Such temporary borrowings are not subject to the asset coverage requirements discussed above. Investments or trading practices that involve contractual obligations to pay in the future may be subject to the same requirements unless the Fund designates liquid assets in an amount the Fund believes to be equal to the Fund’s contractual obligations (marked-to-market on a daily basis) or, for certain instruments, appropriately “covers” such obligations with offsetting positions.

 

7


Leverage can have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of its assets and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the Fund will have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned its assets on an unleveraged basis. Leverage may help to offset the impact of negative futures basis or negative tracking error in a rising market, but may cause the Fund to suffer greater losses than it otherwise would have in a falling market. The value of an investment in the Fund will be more volatile, and other risks tend to be compounded if and to the extent that the Fund is exposed to leverage.

Additional Information on the Fund’s Investments Generally

Illiquid Investments. The Board has delegated to the Adviser the responsibility for determining the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, which Stone Ridge carries out on a case-by-case basis based on procedures approved by the Board that set forth various factors relating to the Fund’s ability to dispose of such investments in an appropriate manner. Certain of the instruments in which the Fund invests may be treated as illiquid. The Board will monitor and periodically review liquidity determinations. The Fund may invest at the time of purchase up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments, which may be difficult to value properly and may involve greater risks than liquid investments. For certain risks related to the Fund’s investments in illiquid instruments, see “Risks of Investing — Illiquidity Risk” below.

Subsidiary. Under an investment management agreement with the Subsidiary, the Adviser provides the Subsidiary with the same type of management services as the Adviser provides to the Fund. To the extent the Adviser receives compensation for providing such services to the Subsidiary, the Adviser will not receive compensation from the Fund in respect of the assets of the Fund that are invested in the Subsidiary. The Fund does not currently intend to sell or transfer all or any portion of its ownership interest in the Subsidiary. The Fund reserves the right to establish an additional subsidiary or subsidiaries, subject to approval of the Board. The size of the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary will generally be limited to 25% of the Fund’s total assets, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter.

Cash Management and Temporary Defensive Positions. During unusual market conditions, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash or cash equivalents temporarily, which may be inconsistent with its investment objective and other policies. The Fund might not use all of the strategies and techniques or invest in all of the types of instruments described in this prospectus or the Statement of Additional Information. While at times the Fund may use alternative investment strategies in an effort to limit its losses, it may choose not to do so.

Changes to the Fund’s Investment Policies. The Fund’s investment objective and policies may be changed without shareholder approval unless an objective or policy is identified in the prospectus or in the Statement of Additional Information as “fundamental.”

Risks of Investing

Investors should carefully consider the Fund’s risks and investment objective, as an investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors or clients and is not designed to be a complete investment program. An investment in the Fund involves a high degree of risk. It is possible that investing in the Fund may result in a loss of some or all of the amount invested. Before making an investment/allocation decision, investors should (i) consider the suitability of this investment with respect to an investor’s or a client’s investment objectives and individual situation and (ii) consider factors such as an investor’s or a client’s net worth, income, age, and risk tolerance. Investment should be avoided where an investor/client has a short-term investing horizon and/or cannot bear the loss of some or all of the investment.

The Fund is subject to the principal risks described below, whether through its direct investments, investments by the Subsidiary or other pooled investment vehicles or the Fund’s derivatives positions. As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You could lose all or part of your investment in the Fund, and the Fund could underperform other investments.

Market and Volatility Risk. The value of certain of the Fund’s investments, including bitcoin-related investments, is subject to market risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the investments to which the Fund is exposed will fall, which could occur due to general market or economic conditions or other factors. Bitcoin has historically exhibited higher price volatility than more traditional asset classes, which may be due to speculation regarding potential future appreciation in value; during the period from December 17, 2017 to December 14, 2018, bitcoin experienced a decline of roughly 84%.

Some market observers have asserted that the bitcoin market is experiencing a “bubble” and have predicted that, in time, the value of bitcoin will fall to a fraction of its current value, or even to zero. Bitcoin has not been in existence long enough for market participants to assess these predictions with any precision, but if these observers are even

 

8


partially correct, bitcoin may turn out to be substantially worthless, which would adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. In addition, momentum investing, which typically is associated with growth stocks and other assets whose valuation, as determined by the investing public, is impacted by anticipated future appreciation in value, may have contributed, and may continue to contribute, to speculation regarding potential future appreciation in the value of bitcoin, inflating and making these prices more volatile. As a result, bitcoin may be more likely to fluctuate in value due to changing investor confidence in future appreciation or depreciation in prices, which could adversely affect the price of bitcoin, and, in turn, the performance of the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

The value of bitcoin and, therefore, of the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments, could decline rapidly, including to zero. You should be prepared to lose your entire investment.

Passive Investment Risk. The Fund will generally hold its bitcoin-related investments during periods in which the value of bitcoin is flat or declining as well as during periods in which the value of bitcoin is rising, and the Adviser will generally not seek to change the Fund’s Target Exposure based on daily price changes. For example, if the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments are declining in value, the Fund generally will not close out, sell or redeem its positions except in order to meet redemption requests. As a result, any decrease in value of bitcoin is expected to result in a decrease in the Fund’s NAV. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s investments will appreciate in value at any time, or on average or over time.

Risks Related to Bitcoin.

Bitcoin Adoption Risk. The further development and acceptance of the Bitcoin network, which is part of a new and rapidly changing industry, is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. For example, the Bitcoin network faces significant obstacles to increasing the usage of bitcoin without resulting in higher fees or slower transaction settlement times, and attempts to increase the volume of transactions may not be effective. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development or acceptance of the Bitcoin network may adversely affect the price of bitcoin and therefore cause the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments to suffer losses.

The use of bitcoin to, among other things, buy and sell goods and services is part of a new and rapidly evolving industry that employs digital assets based upon computer-generated mathematical and/or cryptographic protocols. Bitcoin is a prominent, but not unique, part of this industry. The growth of this industry is subject to a high degree of uncertainty. The factors affecting the further development of this industry, include, but are not limited to:

 

   

continued worldwide growth or possible cessation or reversal in the adoption and use of bitcoin and other digital assets;

 

   

government and quasi-government regulation of bitcoin and other digital assets and their use, including taxation of bitcoin transactions, or restrictions on or regulation of access to and operation of the Bitcoin network and other digital asset networks;

 

   

changes in consumer demographics and public tastes and preferences, including the possibility that market participants may come to prefer other digital assets to bitcoin for a variety of reasons, including that such other digital currencies may have features (like different consensus mechanisms) or uses (like the ability to facilitate smart contracts) that bitcoin lacks;

 

   

the maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of the Bitcoin network;

 

   

the availability and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling goods and services, including new means of using fiat currencies;

 

   

the use of the networks supporting digital assets for developing smart contracts and distributed applications;

 

   

general economic conditions and the regulatory environment relating to digital assets; and

 

   

negative consumer or public perception of bitcoin specifically and other digital assets generally.

Currently, there is relatively limited use of bitcoin in the retail and commercial marketplace in comparison to relatively extensive use as a store of value, thus contributing to price volatility that could adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. Bitcoin is not currently a form of legal tender in the United States and has only recently become selectively accepted as a means of payment for goods and services by some retail and commercial outlets, and the use of bitcoin by consumers to pay such retail and commercial outlets remains

 

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limited. Banks and other established financial institutions may refuse to process funds for bitcoin transactions; process wire transfers to or from bitcoin trading venues, bitcoin-related companies or service providers; or maintain accounts for persons or entities transacting in bitcoin or providing bitcoin-related services. In addition, some taxing jurisdictions, including the U.S., treat the use of bitcoin as a medium of exchange for goods and services to be a taxable sale of bitcoin, which could discourage the use of bitcoin as a medium of exchange, especially for a holder of bitcoin that has appreciated in value. See “ — Bitcoin Regulatory Risk — Bitcoin Tax Treatment Risk” below.

Conversely, a significant portion of bitcoin’s demand is generated by investors seeking a long-term store of value or speculators seeking to profit from the short- or long-term holding of the asset. Price volatility undermines bitcoin’s role as a medium of exchange, as retailers are much less likely to accept it as a form of payment. Use of bitcoin as a medium of exchange and payment method may always be low. A lack of expansion by bitcoin into retail and commercial markets, or a contraction of such use, may result in damage to the public perception of bitcoin and the utility of bitcoin as a payment system, as well as increased volatility or a reduction in the value of bitcoin, all of which could adversely impact the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. There can be no assurance that such acceptance will grow, or not decline, in the future.

While bitcoin, the first widely used digital asset, and many other digital assets were created and mainly serve as a form of money, digital assets can be used to do more complicated things. Some digital assets were built specifically with more complex use cases in mind. For example, the Ethereum network was designed primarily to facilitate smart contracts, with the digital asset ether serving as the transactional mechanism for many portions of such contracts. Smart contracts are programs that automatically execute on a blockchain, allowing for a myriad of interesting applications to be built. It is possible that market demand for digital assets with use cases beyond serving as a form of money could over time reduce the market demand for bitcoin, which would adversely impact the price of bitcoin and, as a result, an investment in the Fund. Additionally, certain digital assets use non-blockchain technologies, like Directed Acyclic Graph data structures, to maintain consensus. To the extent market participants come to prefer these other consensus mechanisms or digital assets that use non-blockchain technology, the value of bitcoin, and therefore and therefore the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments, may be adversely affected.

Bitcoin Scaling Risk. The Bitcoin network faces significant scaling challenges. As of July 2017, bitcoin could handle, on average, five to seven transactions per second. For several years, participants in the Bitcoin ecosystem debated potential approaches to increasing the average number of transactions per second that the Bitcoin network could handle. As of August 2017, the Bitcoin network was upgraded with a technical feature known as “segregated witness” that, among other things, would potentially approximately double the transactions per second that can be handled on-chain. More importantly, segregated witness also enables so-called second layer solutions, such as the Lightning Network or payment channels, that could potentially allow greater transaction throughput.

An increasing number of wallets and digital asset intermediaries, such as exchanges, have begun supporting segregated witness and the Lightning Network, or similar technology. However, the Lightning Network does not yet have material adoption as of January 2021. Additionally, the Lightning Network has not yet seen significant use, and there are open questions about Lightning Network services, such as its cost and who will serve as intermediaries, among other questions.

As the use of digital asset networks increases without a corresponding increase in throughput of the networks, average fees and settlement times can increase significantly. Bitcoin’s network has been, at times, at capacity, which has led to increased transaction fees. During the period from January 1, 2017 to January 31, 2021, average bitcoin transaction fees increased from $0.39 per transaction to $11.56 per transaction, with a high of $54.83 per transaction on December 12, 2017.

Increased fees and decreased settlement speeds could preclude certain use cases for bitcoin (e.g., micropayments), and could reduce demand for and the price of bitcoin, which could adversely impact the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

There is no guarantee that any of the mechanisms in place or being explored for increasing the scale of settlement of transactions in bitcoin will be effective, or how long these mechanisms will take to become effective, which could adversely impact the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Miner Collusion Risk. Miners, functioning in their transaction confirmation capacity, collect fees for each transaction they confirm. Miners validate unconfirmed transactions by adding the previously unconfirmed

 

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transactions to new blocks in the blockchain. Miners are not forced to confirm any specific transaction, but they are economically incentivized to confirm valid transactions as a means of collecting fees. Miners have historically accepted relatively low transaction confirmation fees. If miners collude in an anticompetitive manner to reject low transaction fees, then bitcoin users could be forced to pay higher fees, thus reducing the attractiveness of the Bitcoin network. Mining occurs globally, and it may be difficult for authorities to apply antitrust regulations across multiple jurisdictions. Any collusion among miners may adversely impact the attractiveness of the Bitcoin network and may adversely impact the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Competition from Other Digital Assets Risk. Central banks have introduced digital forms of legal tender (CBDCs). China’s CBDC project, known as Digital Currency Electronic Payment, has reportedly been tested in a live pilot program conducted in multiple cities in China. A recent study published by the Bank for International Settlements estimated that at least 36 central banks have published retail or wholesale CBDC work ranging from research to pilot projects. Whether or not they incorporate blockchain or similar technology, CBDCs, as a form of legal tender in the issuing jurisdiction, could have an advantage in competing with, or replace, bitcoin and other digital assets as a medium of exchange or store of value. As a result, the value of bitcoin could decrease, which could adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Competing digital assets may adversely affect the value of bitcoin and the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Promoters of other digital assets claim that those digital assets have solved certain of the purported drawbacks of the Bitcoin network, for example, allowing faster settlement times, reducing mining fees, or reducing electricity usage in connection with mining. If these digital assets are successful, such success could reduce demand for bitcoin and adversely affect the value of bitcoin and the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Stablecoin Risk. While the Fund does not invest in stablecoins, it may nonetheless be exposed to the risks that stablecoins pose for the bitcoin market through its exposure to bitcoin. Stablecoins are digital assets designed to have a stable value over time as compared to typically volatile digital assets, and are typically marketed as being pegged to a fiat currency, such as the U.S. dollar. Although the prices of stablecoins are intended to be stable, in many cases their prices fluctuate, sometimes significantly. This volatility has in the past apparently impacted the price of bitcoin. Stablecoins are a relatively new phenomenon, and it is impossible to know all of the risks that they could pose to participants in the bitcoin market. In addition, some have argued that some stablecoins, particularly Tether, are improperly issued without sufficient backing in a way that could cause artificial rather than genuine demand for bitcoin, raising its price, and also argue that those associated with certain stablecoins are involved in laundering money. The New York Attorney General filed suit against Tether’s operators and its affiliates in 2019 in connection with some of these allegations. Volatility in stablecoins, operational issues with stablecoins (for example, technical issues that prevent settlement), concerns about the sufficiency of any reserves that support stablecoins, or regulatory concerns about stablecoin issuers or intermediaries, such as exchanges, that support stablecoins, could impact individuals’ willingness to trade on trading venues that rely on stablecoins and could impact the price of bitcoin, and in turn, the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Open-Source Risk. The Bitcoin network operates based on open-source protocol maintained by a group of core developers. As the Bitcoin network protocol is not sold and its use does not generate revenue for development teams, core developers may not be directly compensated for maintaining and updating the Bitcoin network protocol. Consequently, developers may lack a financial incentive to maintain or develop the network, and the core developers may lack the resources to adequately address emerging issues with the network. There can be no guarantee that developer support will continue or be sufficient in the future. Additionally, some development and developers are funded by companies whose interests may be at odds with other participants in the network or with investors’ interests. To the extent that material issues arise with the Bitcoin network protocol and the core developers and open-source contributors are unable or unwilling to address the issues adequately or in a timely manner, the Bitcoin network and the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments may be adversely affected.

Bitcoin Corporate Governance Risk. Governance of decentralized networks, such as the Bitcoin network, is by voluntary consensus and open competition. Bitcoin has no central decision-making body or clear manner in which participants can come to an agreement other than through overwhelming consensus. The lack of clarity on governance may adversely affect bitcoin’s utility and ability to grow and face challenges, both of which may require solutions and a directed effort to overcome problems, especially long-term problems. Recently, a seemingly simple, technical issue has divided the bitcoin community: namely, whether to increase the block size of the blockchain or to implement another change to increase the scalability of bitcoin, known as “segregated witness,” and help it continue to grow. See “ — Bitcoin Scaling Risk.” Because the resolution of the scaling issue has taken several years, some have referred to it as a “governance crisis” for decentralized assets.

 

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To the extent lack of clarity in corporate governance of bitcoin leads to ineffective decision-making that slows development and growth, the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments may be adversely affected.

Insufficient Mining Reward Risk. Miners generate revenue from both newly created bitcoin, known as the “block reward” and from fees taken upon verification of transactions. See “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies — The Bitcoin Network.” If the aggregate revenue from transaction fees and the block reward is below a miner’s cost, the miner may cease operations. If the award of new units of bitcoin for solving blocks declines and/or the difficulty of solving blocks increases, and transaction fees voluntarily paid by participants are not sufficiently high, miners may not have an adequate incentive to continue mining and may cease their mining operations. The current fixed reward for solving a new block on the Bitcoin network is 6.25 bitcoin per block, which decreased from 12.5 bitcoin in May 2020. It is estimated that it will halve again in about four years after the previous halving. This reduction may result in a reduction in the aggregate hash rate of the Bitcoin network as the incentive for miners decreases. Miners ceasing operations would reduce the collective processing power on the Bitcoin network, which would adversely affect the confirmation process for transactions (i.e., temporarily decreasing the speed at which blocks are added to the blockchain until the next scheduled adjustment in difficulty for block solutions) and make the Bitcoin network more vulnerable to a malicious actor or botnet obtaining sufficient control to alter the blockchain and hinder transactions. Any reduction in confidence in the confirmation process or processing power of the Bitcoin network may adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Excluded Transactions Risk. To the extent that any miners solve blocks that exclude some or all transactions that have been transmitted to the Bitcoin network, such transactions will not be recorded on the blockchain until another miner solves a block that incorporates those transactions. Some in the bitcoin community have suspected that certain technologies (for example, before segregated witness was activated, ASICBoost), enhance speed and reduce electricity use of mining while reducing the number of transactions that are included in mined blocks on the Bitcoin network. To the extent that more blocks are mined without transactions, transactions will settle more slowly and fees will increase. This could result in a loss of confidence in the Bitcoin network, which could adversely impact an investment in the Fund.

Blockchain “Fork” Risk. In August 2017, bitcoin “forked” into bitcoin and a new digital asset, bitcoin cash, as a result of a several-year dispute over how to increase the rate of transactions that the Bitcoin network can process. Since then, bitcoin has been forked numerous times to launch new digital assets, such as bitcoin gold, bitcoin silver and bitcoin diamond. Additional hard forks of the Bitcoin blockchain could impact demand for bitcoin or other digital assets and could adversely impact the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Furthermore, a hard fork can introduce new security risks. For example, when Ethereum and Ethereum Classic split in July 2016, replay attacks, in which transactions from one network were rebroadcast to nefarious effect on the other network, plagued trading venues through at least October 2016. An exchange announced in July 2016 that it had lost 40,000 ether from the Ethereum Classic network, which was worth about $100,000 at that time, as a result of replay attacks. Another possible result of a hard fork is an inherent decrease in the level of security. After a hard fork, it may become easier for an individual miner or mining pool’s hashing power to exceed 50% of the processing power of the Bitcoin network, thereby making the network more susceptible to attack.

A fork could also be introduced by an unintentional, unanticipated software flaw in the multiple versions of otherwise compatible software users run. Such a fork could adversely affect bitcoin’s viability. It is possible, however, that a substantial number of users and miners could adopt an incompatible version of bitcoin while resisting community-led efforts to merge the two chains. This would result in a permanent fork, as in the case of Ethereum and Ethereum Classic, as detailed above.

A fork in the Bitcoin network could adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. In the event of a hard fork of the Bitcoin network, the Adviser will determine which peer-to-peer network, among a group of incompatible forks of the Bitcoin network, is generally accepted as the Bitcoin network and should therefore be considered the appropriate network for purposes of the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. There is no guarantee that the Adviser will choose the digital asset that is ultimately the most valuable fork or that options on futures contracts for the fork chosen by the Adviser will be available to trade, and the Adviser’s decision may adversely affect the value of Fund’s bitcoin-related investments as a result.

 

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Bitcoin Cybersecurity Risk. If the source code or cryptography underlying bitcoin proves to be flawed or ineffective, malicious actors may be able to steal bitcoin held by others, which could negatively impact the demand for bitcoin and therefore adversely impact the price of bitcoin. In the past, flaws in the source code for bitcoin have been discovered, including those that resulted in the loss of users’ bitcoin. Several errors and defects have been publicly found and corrected, including those that disabled some functionality for users and exposed users’ personal information. Discovery of flaws in or exploitations of the source code that allow malicious actors to take or create money in contravention of known network rules have occurred. In addition, the cryptography underlying bitcoin could prove to be flawed or ineffective, or developments in mathematics and/or technology, including advances in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing, could result in such cryptography becoming ineffective. In any of these circumstances, a malicious actor may be able to steal bitcoin held by others, which could adversely affect the demand for bitcoin and therefore adversely impact the price of bitcoin. Even if the affected digital asset is not bitcoin, any reduction in confidence in the source code or cryptography underlying digital assets generally could negatively impact the demand for bitcoin and therefore adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Additionally, if a malicious actor or botnet (i.e., a volunteer or hacked collection of computers controlled by networked software coordinating the actions of the computers) obtains control of more than 50% of the processing power of the Bitcoin network, such actor or botnet could alter the blockchain and adversely affect the value of bitcoin, which would adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. The Bitcoin network is subject to control by entities that capture a significant amount of the network’s processing power or a significant number of developers or intermediaries important for the operation and maintenance of the Bitcoin network. The Bitcoin network is secured by proof of work and depends on the strength of processing power of participants to protect the network. If a malicious actor or botnet obtains a majority of the processing power dedicated to mining on the Bitcoin network, it may be able to alter the blockchain on which the network and most transactions rely by constructing fraudulent blocks or preventing certain transactions from being completed in a timely manner, or at all. The malicious actor or botnet could control, exclude or modify the ordering of transactions. However, it could not generate new bitcoin units or transactions using such control. The malicious actor could “double-spend” its own bitcoin units (i.e., spend the same units in more than one transaction) and prevent the confirmation of other users’ transactions for so long as it maintained control. To the extent that such malicious actor or botnet did not yield its control of the processing power on the Bitcoin network or the network community did not reject the fraudulent blocks as malicious, reversing any changes made to the blockchain may not be possible. Further, a malicious actor or botnet could create a flood of transactions in order to slow down confirmations of transactions on the Bitcoin network.

Recently, some digital asset networks have been subject to malicious activity achieved through control over 50% of the processing power on the network. For example, during May and June 2014, mining pool GHash.IO’s processing power approached and during a twenty-four to forty-eight hour period, may have exceeded 50% of the processing power on the Bitcoin network. Although no malicious activity or abnormal transaction recording was observed at the time, the incident focused attention on the influence of mining pools. On May 24, 2018, it was reported that attackers compromised the Bitcoin Gold network in this manner and were successfully able to double-spend units of bitcoin gold in a series of transactions over the course of at least one week and in a total amount of at least $18 million. Other digital assets such as Verge, Monacoin and Electroneum have also recently suffered similar attacks. Although there have been no reports of such activity on the Bitcoin network, certain mining pools may have exceeded the 50% threshold on the Bitcoin network in the past. The possible crossing of the 50% threshold indicates a greater risk that a single mining pool could exert authority over the validation of digital asset transactions, and this risk is heightened if over 50% of the processing power on the Bitcoin network falls within the jurisdiction of a single governmental authority. For example, it is believed that more than 50% of the processing power on the Bitcoin network is now or at one time was located in China. Because the Chinese government has subjected digital assets to heightened levels of scrutiny recently, forcing several digital asset trading venues to shut down, and has reportedly begun to place restrictions on mining activities, there is a risk that the Chinese government could also achieve control over more than 50% of the processing power on the Bitcoin network. To the extent that the Bitcoin ecosystem, including the core developers and the administrators of mining pools, does not act to ensure greater decentralization of mining processing power, the feasibility of a malicious actor obtaining control of the processing power on the Bitcoin network will increase, which may adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. See “ — Bitcoin Regulatory Risk.”

Moreover, certain hardware providers may create hardware that collectively has majority power and the manufacturer could potentially exert control itself. For example, it was discovered that the mining machines produced by Bitmain contained backdoor code that would allow Bitmain to remotely shut down the mining

 

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machines. This vulnerability is colloquially referred to as the “Antbleed backdoor.” At worst, the Antbleed backdoor could have allowed Bitmain to shut off up to an estimated 70% of the global hash rate. Bitmain released an official response to the controversy claiming that the Antbleed backdoor had no malicious intent, and on April 28, 2017, the day following the discovery of the Antbleed backdoor, Bitmain released new source code and firmware upgrades for its mining hardware to remove the backdoor.

A malicious actor may also obtain control over the Bitcoin network through its influence over core or influential developers. For example, this could allow the malicious actor to stymie legitimate network development efforts or attempt to introduce malicious code to the network under the guise of a software improvement proposal by such a developer. To the extent that the Bitcoin ecosystem fails to attract a significant number of users, the possibility that a malicious actor may be able to obtain control of the processing power on the Bitcoin network in this manner will remain heightened.

Cancer nodes are computers that appear to be participating in the Bitcoin network, but that are not in fact connected to the network, which a malicious actor sets up to place users onto a separate network or disconnect them from the Bitcoin network. By using cancer nodes, a malicious actor can disconnect the target user from the bitcoin economy entirely by refusing to relay any blocks or transactions. Software programs have attempted to make these attacks more difficult by limiting the number of outbound connections through which users are able to connect to the Bitcoin network

Separate from the cybersecurity risks of the Bitcoin protocol, entities that custody or facilitate the transfers or trading of bitcoin have been frequent and successful targets of cybersecurity attacks, leading to significant theft of bitcoin.

If any of these exploitations or attacks occur, it could result in a loss of public confidence in bitcoin and a decline in the value of bitcoin and, as a result, adversely impact the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Internet Disruption Risk. Bitcoin is dependent upon the internet. A significant disruption in internet connectivity could disrupt the Bitcoin network’s operations until the disruption is resolved and have an adverse effect on the price of bitcoin. In particular, some variants of digital assets have been subjected to a number of denial-of-service attacks, which have led to temporary delays in block creation and in the transfer of the digital assets. While in certain cases in response to an attack, an additional hard fork has been introduced to increase the cost of certain network functions, the relevant network has continued to be the subject of additional attacks. Moreover, it is possible that if bitcoin increases in value, it may become a bigger target for hackers and subject to more frequent hacking and denial-of-service attacks.

Bitcoin is also susceptible to border gateway protocol (“BGP”) hijacking. Such an attack can be a very effective way for an attacker to intercept traffic en route to a legitimate destination. BGP hijacking impacts the way different nodes and miners are connected to one another to isolate portions of them from the remainder of the network, which could lead to a risk of the network allowing double-spending and other security issues. If BGP hijacking occurs on the Bitcoin network, participants may lose faith in the security of bitcoin, which could adversely affect bitcoin’s value and consequently the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Any future attacks that impact the ability to transfer bitcoin could have a material adverse effect on the price of bitcoin and on the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Bitcoin Regulatory Risk. As bitcoin and digital assets have grown in both popularity and market size, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies have been examining the operations of digital asset networks, digital asset users and the digital asset exchange market. Many of these state and federal agencies have brought enforcement actions and issued advisories and rules relating to digital asset markets. Ongoing and future regulatory actions with respect to digital assets generally or any single digital asset in particular may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the nature of an investment in the bitcoin and/or the ability of the Fund to continue to operate.

FinCEN requires any administrator or exchanger of convertible digital assets to register with FinCEN as a money transmitter and comply with the anti-money laundering regulations applicable to money transmitters. In 2015, FinCEN assessed a $700,000 fine against a sponsor of a digital asset for violating several requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act by acting as a money services business and selling the digital asset without registering with FinCEN, and by failing to implement and maintain an adequate anti-money laundering program. In 2017, FinCEN assessed a $110 million fine against BTC-e, a now defunct digital asset exchange, for similar violations. The requirement that exchangers that do business in the U.S. register with FinCEN and comply with anti-money

 

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laundering regulations may increase the cost of buying and selling bitcoin and therefore may adversely affect the price of bitcoin and the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. In a March 2018 letter from FinCEN’s assistant secretary for legislative affairs to U.S. Senator Ron Wyden, the assistant secretary indicated that under current law both the developers and the exchanges involved in the sale of tokens in an initial coin offering (“ICO”) may be required to register with FinCEN as money transmitters and comply with the anti-money laundering regulations applicable to money transmitters.

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury Department”) has added digital currency addresses to the list of Specially Designated Nationals whose assets are blocked, and with whom U.S. persons are generally prohibited from dealing. Such actions by OFAC, or by similar organizations in other jurisdictions, may introduce uncertainty in the market as to whether bitcoin that has been associated with such addresses in the past can be easily sold. This “tainted” bitcoin may trade at a substantial discount to untainted bitcoin. Reduced fungibility in the bitcoin markets may reduce the liquidity of bitcoin and therefore adversely affect their price.

In February 2020, then-U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin stated digital assets were a “crucial area” on which the U.S. Treasury Department has spent significant time. Secretary Mnuchin announced that the U.S. Treasury Department is preparing significant new regulations governing digital asset activities to address concerns regarding the potential use for facilitating money laundering and other illicit activities. In December 2020, FinCEN, a bureau within the U.S. Treasury Department, proposed a rule that would require financial institutions to submit reports, keep records, and verify the identity of customers for certain transactions to or from so-called “unhosted” wallets, also commonly referred to as self-hosted wallets. In January 2021, U.S. Treasury Secretary nominee Janet Yellen stated her belief that regulators should “look closely at how to encourage the use of digital assets for legitimate activities while curtailing their use for malign and illegal activities.”

Under regulations from the NYDFS, businesses involved in digital asset business activity for third parties in or involving New York, excluding merchants and consumers, must apply for a license, commonly known as a BitLicense, from the NYDFS and must comply with anti-money laundering, cyber security, consumer protection, and financial and reporting requirements, among others. As an alternative to a BitLicense, a firm can apply for a charter to become a limited purpose trust company under New York law qualified to engage in digital asset business activity. Other states have considered or approved digital asset business activity statutes or rules, passing, for example, regulations or guidance indicating that certain digital asset business activities constitute money transmission requiring licensure.

The inconsistency in applying money transmitting licensure requirements to certain businesses may make it more difficult for these businesses to provide services, which may affect consumer adoption of bitcoin and its price. In an attempt to address these issues, the Uniform Law Commission passed a model law in July 2017, the Uniform Regulation of Virtual Currency Businesses Act, which has many similarities to the BitLicense and features a multistate reciprocity licensure feature, wherein a business licensed in one state could apply for accelerated licensure procedures in other states. It is still unclear, however, how many states, if any, will adopt some or all of the model legislation.

The transparency of blockchains has in the past facilitated investigations by law enforcement agencies. However, certain privacy-enhancing features have been or are expected to be introduced to a number of digital asset networks, and these features may provide law enforcement agencies with less visibility into transaction histories. Although no regulatory action has been taken to treat privacy-enhancing digital assets differently, this may change in the future.

In addition, a determination that bitcoin is a security under U.S. or foreign law could adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Future Regulatory Action Risk. Current and future legislation, SEC and CFTC rulemaking, and other regulatory developments may impact the manner in which bitcoin is treated for classification and clearing purposes. In particular, certain transactions in bitcoin may be deemed to be commodity interests under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”) or bitcoin may be classified by the SEC as a “security” under U.S. federal securities laws. Public statements by senior officials at the SEC, including a June 2018 speech by the director of the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance, indicate that such officials do not believe that bitcoin is a security. Such statements are not official policy statements by the SEC and reflect only the speaker’s views, which are not binding on the SEC or any other agency or court. If bitcoin is determined to be a “security” under federal or state

 

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securities laws by the SEC or any other agency, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have material adverse consequences for bitcoin as a digital asset. In the face of such developments, the required registrations and compliance steps may result in extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to any pooled investment vehicles in which the Fund invests that invest in bitcoin. If the manager of such a pooled investment vehicle decides to terminate the vehicle in response to the changed regulatory circumstances, the pooled investment vehicle may be dissolved or liquidated at a time that is disadvantageous to the Fund.

The SEC has not asserted regulatory authority over bitcoin or trading or ownership of bitcoin and has not expressed the view that bitcoin should be classified or treated as a security for purposes of U.S. federal securities laws. In fact, senior members of the staff of the SEC have expressed the view that bitcoin is not a security under the federal securities laws. However, the SEC has commented on bitcoin and bitcoin-related market developments and has taken action against investment schemes involving bitcoin. For example, in a recent letter regarding the SEC’s review of proposed rule changes to list and trade shares of certain bitcoin-related investment vehicles on public markets, the SEC staff stated that it has significant investor protection concerns regarding the markets for digital assets, including the potential for market manipulation and fraud. In March 2018, it was reported that the SEC was examining as many as 100 investment funds with strategies focused on digital assets. The reported focus of the examinations is on the accuracy of risk disclosures to investors in these funds, digital asset pricing practices, and compliance with rules meant to prevent the theft of investor funds, as well as on information gathering so that the SEC can better understand new technologies and investment products. It has further been reported that some of these funds have received subpoenas from the SEC’s Enforcement Division. The SEC also recently determined that certain digital assets are securities under the U.S. securities laws. In these determinations, the SEC reasoned that the unregistered offer and sale of digital assets can, in certain circumstances, including ICOs, be considered an illegal public offering of securities. A significant amount of funding for digital asset startups has come from ICOs, and if ICOs are halted or face obstacles, or companies that rely on them face legal action or investigation, it could have a negative impact on the value of digital assets, including bitcoin. Finally, the SEC’s Division of Examinations stated that digital assets continued to be an examination priority for 2021. In particular, the Division of Examinations stated that it intended to focus its examination on whether investments in digital assets are in the best interests of investors, portfolio management and trading practices, safety of client funds and assets, pricing and valuation, effectiveness of compliance programs and internal controls, and supervision of employee outside business activities.

The CFTC has regulatory jurisdiction over the bitcoin futures markets. In addition, because the CFTC has determined that bitcoin is a “commodity” under the CEA and the rules thereunder, it has jurisdiction to prosecute fraud and manipulation in the cash, or spot, market for bitcoin. Beyond instances of fraud or manipulation, the CFTC generally does not oversee cash or spot market exchanges or transactions involving bitcoin that do not utilize collateral, leverage, or financing. The National Futures Association (“NFA”) is the self-regulatory agency for the U.S. futures industry, and as such has jurisdiction over bitcoin futures contracts. However, the NFA does not have regulatory oversight authority for the cash or spot market for bitcoin trading or transactions.

Bitcoin and other digital assets currently face an uncertain regulatory landscape in many foreign jurisdictions such as the European Union, China, the United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Israel, Poland, India and Canada. Cybersecurity attacks by state actors, particularly for the purpose of evading international economic sanctions, are likely to attract additional regulatory scrutiny to the acquisition, ownership, sale and use of digital assets, including bitcoin. The effect of any existing regulation or future regulatory change on pooled investment vehicles in which the Fund invests, or on bitcoin itself, is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and adverse to the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. Various foreign jurisdictions have adopted, and may continue to adopt in the near future, laws, regulations or directives that affect bitcoin, particularly with respect to bitcoin exchanges, trading venues and service providers that fall within such jurisdictions’ regulatory scope. Such laws, regulations or directives may conflict with those of the United States and may negatively impact the acceptance of bitcoin by users, merchants and service providers outside the United States and may therefore impede the growth or sustainability of the bitcoin economy in these jurisdictions as well as in the United States and elsewhere, or otherwise negatively affect the value of bitcoin and, in turn, the performance of the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Bitcoin Tax Treatment Risk. Current U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) guidance indicates that convertible virtual currency, defined as a digital representation of value that functions as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and/or a store of value that has an equivalent value in real currency, or that acts as a substitute for real currency, should be treated and taxed as property, and that transactions involving the payment of convertible virtual currency for goods and services should be treated as barter transactions. While this treatment allows for

 

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the possibility of capital gains treatment, it creates a potential tax reporting requirement in any circumstance where the ownership of convertible virtual currency passes from one person to another, usually by means of convertible virtual currency transactions (including off-blockchain transactions), which could discourage the use of bitcoin as a medium of exchange, especially for a holder of bitcoin that has appreciated in value.

A number of states have issued their own guidance regarding the tax treatment of certain digital assets for state income or sales tax purposes. The New York State Department of Taxation and Finance (“NYSDTF”), for example, has issued guidance regarding the application of state tax law to virtual currency. The agency determined that New York State would follow IRS guidance with respect to the treatment of virtual currency for state income tax purposes. Furthermore, the NYSDTF concluded that virtual currency is a form of “intangible property,” meaning that transactions using virtual currency to purchase goods or services may be subject to state sales tax under barter transaction treatment. Where a state adopts a different treatment, such treatment may have negative consequences for investors in digital assets, including the potential imposition of a greater tax burden on investors in digital assets or the potential imposition of greater costs on the acquisition and disposition of digital assets. In either case, such different tax treatment may potentially have a negative effect on the price of bitcoin and on the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Intellectual Property Risk. Third parties may assert intellectual property claims relating to the holding and transfer of bitcoin and its source code. Regardless of the merit of any intellectual property or other legal action, any threatened action that reduces confidence in long-term viability or the ability of end-users to hold and transfer bitcoin may adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments. Additionally, a meritorious intellectual property claim could prevent end-users from accessing, holding, or transferring bitcoin, which could force the liquidation of the bitcoin holdings of any pooled investment vehicle in which the Fund invests. As a result, an intellectual property claim against large bitcoin participants could adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Bitcoin Trading Venues Operational Risk. Venues through which bitcoin trades are relatively new. Bitcoin trading venues are generally subject to different regulatory requirements than venues for trading more traditional assets, and may be subject to limited or no regulation, especially outside the U.S. Furthermore, many such trading venues, including exchanges and over-the-counter trading venues, do not provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management teams, corporate practices or regulatory compliance. Bitcoin trading venues may impose daily, weekly, monthly or customer-specific transaction or distribution limits or suspend withdrawals entirely, rendering the exchange of bitcoin for fiat currency difficult or impossible. Participation in bitcoin trading on some venues requires users to take on credit risk by transferring digital assets from a personal account to a third party’s account, which could discourage trading on those venues.

Over the past several years, a number of bitcoin exchanges have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of such exchanges were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such exchanges. While smaller trading venues are less likely to have the infrastructure and capitalization that make larger trading venues more stable, larger trading venues are more likely to be appealing targets for hackers and “malware” (i.e., software used or programmed by attackers to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information or gain access to private computer systems). In 2014, the largest bitcoin exchange at the time, Mt. Gox, filed for bankruptcy in Japan amid reports the exchange lost up to 850,000 bitcoin, valued then at over $450 million.

In January 2015, Bitstamp announced that approximately 19,000 bitcoin had been stolen from its operational or “hot” wallets. In August 2016, it was reported that almost 120,000 bitcoin worth around $78 million were stolen from Bitfinex, a large bitcoin exchange. The value of bitcoin immediately decreased by more than 10% following reports of the theft at Bitfinex. In addition, in December 2017, Yapian, the operator of Seoul-based digital asset exchange Youbit, suspended digital asset trading and filed for bankruptcy following a hack that resulted in a loss of 17% of Yapian’s assets. Following the hack, Youbit users were allowed to withdraw approximately 75% of the digital assets in their exchange accounts, with any potential further distributions to be made following Yapian’s pending bankruptcy proceedings. In January 2018, Japan-based exchange Coincheck reported that over $500 million worth of the digital asset NEM had been lost due to hacking attacks, resulting in significant decreases in the prices of bitcoin, ether and other digital assets as the market grew increasingly concerned about the security of digital assets. Following South Korean-based exchange Coinrail’s announcement in early June 2018 about a hacking incident, the price of bitcoin and ether dropped more than 10%. In September 2018, Japan-based exchange Zaif announced that approximately $60 million worth of digital assets, including bitcoin, was stolen due to hacking activities.

 

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Bitcoin trading venues that are regulated typically must comply with minimum net worth, cybersecurity, and anti-money laundering requirements, but are not typically required to protect customers to the same extent that regulated securities exchanges or futures exchanges are required to do so.

Some academics and market observers have put forth evidence to support claims that manipulative trading activity has occurred on certain bitcoin exchanges. For example, in a 2017 paper titled “Price Manipulation in the Bitcoin Ecosystem” sponsored by the Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center at Tel Aviv University, a group of researchers used publicly available trading data, as well as leaked transaction data from a 2014 Mt. Gox security breach, to identify and analyze the impact of “suspicious trading activity” on Mt. Gox between February and November 2013, which, according to the authors, caused the price of bitcoin to increase from around $150 to more than $1,000 over a two-month period. In August 2017, it was reported that a trader or group of traders nicknamed “Spoofy” was placing large orders on Bitfinex without actually executing them, presumably in order to influence other investors into buying or selling by creating a false appearance that greater demand existed in the market. In December 2017, an anonymous blogger (publishing under the pseudonym Bitfinex’d) cited publicly available trading data to support his or her claim that a trading bot nicknamed “Picasso” was pursuing a paint-the-tape-style manipulation strategy by buying and selling bitcoin and bitcoin cash between affiliated accounts in order to create the appearance of substantial trading activity and thereby influence the price of such assets.

Furthermore, many bitcoin trading venues lack certain safeguards put in place by exchanges for more traditional assets to enhance the stability of trading on the exchanges and prevent “flash crashes,” such as limit-down circuit breakers. As a result, the prices of bitcoin on trading venues may be subject to larger and/or more frequent sudden declines than assets traded on more traditional exchanges.

Operational problems or failures by bitcoin trading venues and fluctuations in bitcoin prices may reduce confidence in these venues or in bitcoin generally, which could adversely affect the price of bitcoin and therefore adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Bitcoin Fund Approval Risk. There have been a growing number of attempts to list on national securities exchanges the shares of funds that hold bitcoin or that have exposure to bitcoin through derivatives. These investment vehicles attempt to provide institutional and retail investors exposure to markets for digital assets including bitcoin and related products. The SEC has repeatedly denied such requests of funds that have attempted to list their shares on exchanges. On January 18, 2018, the SEC’s Division of Investment Management outlined several questions that sponsors would be expected to address before it would consider granting approval for funds holding “substantial amounts” of digital assets or “cryptocurrency-related products.” The questions, which focus on specific requirements of the 1940 Act, generally fall into one of five key areas: valuation, liquidity, custody, arbitrage and potential manipulation. If sponsors of these funds are eventually successful in listing such products, exchange-listed digital asset fund shares would create more opportunities for institutional and retail investors to invest in bitcoin. Alternatively, if exchange-listed digital asset funds continue to be denied SEC approval, increased investment interest by institutional or retail investors could fail to materialize, which could reduce the demand for bitcoin and therefore adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Political or Economic Crisis Risk. As an alternative to fiat currencies that are backed by central governments, bitcoin is subject to supply and demand forces based upon the desirability of an alternative, decentralized means of buying and selling goods and services, and it is unclear how such supply and demand will be impacted by geopolitical events. Nevertheless, political or economic crises may motivate large-scale acquisitions or sales of bitcoin, either globally or locally. Large-scale sales of bitcoin would result in a reduction in its price and adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Large Scale Bitcoin Sale Risk. There is no registry showing which individuals or entities own bitcoin or the quantity of bitcoin that is owned by any particular person or entity. It is possible, and in fact, reasonably likely, that a small group of early bitcoin adopters hold a significant proportion of the bitcoin that has been created to date. There are no regulations in place that would prevent a large holder of bitcoin from selling bitcoin it holds. To the extent such large holders of bitcoin engage in large-scale sales or distributions, either on nonmarket terms or in the ordinary course, it could result in a reduction in the price of bitcoin and adversely affect an investment in the Fund. For example, in March 2018, it was reported that the trustee overseeing the bankruptcy of the Mt. Gox exchange had sold roughly $400 million worth of bitcoin and bitcoin cash belonging to the Mt. Gox bankruptcy estate. While the trustee has publicly stated that the sale was conducted in a manner that would avoid affecting the market price, others have speculated that corresponding reductions in the trading price of bitcoin were a result of these large sales. A significant quantity of bitcoin and bitcoin cash remain in the Mt. Gox

 

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bankruptcy estate, and the process for selling the estate’s remaining bitcoin and bitcoin cash has not yet been determined. Further large-scale sales or distributions, either by the Mt. Gox bankruptcy estate or other entities with substantial holdings, could result in selling pressure that may reduce the price of bitcoin and adversely affect the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments.

Futures Contract Risk. Futures contracts involve the risk that changes in their value may not move as expected relative to changes in the value of the underlying reference asset. As discussed above under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies — Bitcoin Futures Contracts,” futures contracts exhibit “futures basis.” A negative futures basis exists when cash-settled bitcoin futures contracts generally trade at a premium to the current market value of bitcoin. If a negative futures basis exists, the Fund’s investments in bitcoin futures contracts will generally underperform a direct investment in bitcoin, possibly substantially and for extended periods of time, and therefore it may be more difficult for the Fund to maintain the Target Exposure. There can also be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in bitcoin futures contracts and in the price of bitcoin.

The use of futures contracts also involves risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. Futures contracts involve inherent leverage, and a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. The Fund incurs costs in connection with opening and closing futures contracts, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures contract. For example, futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit (which may prevent the Fund from rebalancing its futures contracts on that day). The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. The Fund would remain obligated to meet collateral requirements until the position is closed.

Bitcoin futures contracts roll on a monthly basis, unlike many futures contracts which roll on a quarterly basis. Combined with the relatively small size of the bitcoin futures market, the Fund may experience significantly higher trading costs in connection with rolling its futures contracts than similar funds that invest in some other types of futures contracts. In addition, bitcoin futures contracts may experience high price volatility. Exchange-specified collateral requirements for bitcoin futures contracts is substantially higher than for most other futures contracts, and may be set as a percentage of the value of the contract, which means that collateral requirements for long positions can increase if the price of the contract rises. In addition, FCMs may require collateral beyond the exchange’s minimum requirement.

The Fund’s use of futures contracts is subject to special tax rules, which could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.

The Fund and the Subsidiary are commodity pools under the CEA, and the Adviser is registered as a CPO under the CEA with respect to the Fund and the Subsidiary. As a result, certain CFTC-mandated disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping obligations apply with respect to the Fund and its Subsidiary. The Adviser and the Fund are subject to dual regulation by the Commission and the CFTC. The CFTC and exchanges have established speculative position limits on the maximum speculative position that any person, or group of persons acting in concert, may hold or control in particular futures contracts. Under current regulations, other accounts managed by the Adviser are combined with the positions held by the Fund under the Adviser’s management for position limit purposes. In addition, the Adviser and its affiliates may trade for their own account and the accounts of their personnel. This trading could preclude additional trading in such contracts by the Adviser for the account of the Fund.

When the Fund enters into futures transactions, it will be required to post collateral, or “initial margin,” to secure its payment obligations. As the futures contract is marked-to-market (that is, its value is adjusted to reflect changes in its market value), the Fund will be required to pay or will receive collateral, called “variation margin,” periodically during the term of the futures contract depending on changes in value of the contract. In connection with entering into futures transactions, the Fund (through its Subsidiary) will post collateral directly to an FCM, which will typically deposit all or a portion of that collateral to a clearinghouse. All futures contracts in which the Fund invests are effected by an FCM through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded. The collateral maintained by these FCMs is not subject to the regulatory protections provided by bank custody arrangements commonly employed by investment companies. Collateral posted by the Fund to an FCM is exposed to the credit risk and fraud risk of that FCM. There is no limit on the amount of collateral that the Fund may be required to post directly to any particular FCM. As a result, at any time the Fund may have substantial credit exposure to one or more FCMs and clearinghouses.

 

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In the event of the insolvency or liquidation of an FCM to whom the Fund has posted collateral, the Fund is likely to experience substantial delays in recovering its collateral, or it may not be able to recover it at all. Any inability or unwillingness of an FCM to meet its obligation to return collateral to the Fund, including by reason of insolvency or liquidation, or any improper activity involving such FCM, would likely result in a substantial loss to the Fund. If the Fund’s FCM becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or otherwise defaults on its obligations to the Fund, the Fund may not receive all amounts owed to it in respect of its trading, despite the clearinghouse fully discharging all of its obligations. The CEA requires an FCM to segregate all funds received from its customers with respect to cleared futures transactions from such FCM’s proprietary funds. If an FCM were not to do so to the full extent required by law, the assets of an account might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of an FCM. Furthermore, in the event of an FCM’s bankruptcy, the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of an FCM’s combined customer accounts, even though certain property specifically traceable to the Fund (for example, U.S. Treasury bills deposited by the Fund) may be held by the FCM. FCM bankruptcies have occurred in which customers were unable to recover from the FCM’s estate the full amount of their funds owed and on deposit with such FCM. Such situations could arise due to various factors, or a combination of factors, including inadequate FCM capitalization, inadequate controls on customer trading and inadequate customer capital.

Credit risk of market participants with respect to futures contracts is concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearinghouse would be conducted or what impact an insolvency of a clearinghouse would have on the financial system. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a clearinghouse, the Fund might experience a loss of funds deposited through its FCM as collateral with the clearinghouse, a loss of unrealized profits on its open positions and the loss of funds owed to it as realized profits on closed positions. Such a bankruptcy or insolvency might also cause a substantial delay before the Fund could obtain the return of funds owed to it by an FCM who was a member of such clearinghouse.

Government regulation in the U.S. and various other jurisdictions of derivative instruments may restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of futures transactions, for example, by making futures contracts no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. For example, the Fund’s investments in futures contracts will be treated as “derivatives” under Rule 18f-4. Pursuant to Rule 18f-4, the Fund has adopted and implemented a derivatives risk management program to govern its use of derivatives, and the Fund’s derivatives exposure (including its use of futures contracts) is limited through a VaR test. Rule 18f-4 may restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in certain derivatives transactions and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions, which could adversely affect the value or performance of the Fund.

The NAV of the Fund includes, in part, any unrealized profits or losses on an open bitcoin futures contract. The Fund’s investments may be fair valued by the Adviser Valuation Committee as defined under, and in accordance with the procedures described under, “Shareholder Information — How Fund Share Prices are Calculated”) below. Due to the potential for trading halts with respect to bitcoin futures contracts (including as a result of forks or the triggering of the futures exchange circuit breaker), as well as bitcoin’s historically higher volatility relative to traditional asset classes, the likelihood of such a fair value determination may be higher in the case of the Fund than for similar funds that do not invest in bitcoin futures contracts. The fair value of an investment determined by the Adviser may be different from other value determinations of the same investment.

By investing through the Subsidiary, the Fund is exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The investments that may be held by the Subsidiary are generally similar to those that are permitted to be held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. The Subsidiary is not registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act, although the Subsidiary is managed pursuant to the compliance policies and procedures of the Fund applicable to them. Changes in the laws of the United States, the Cayman Islands and/or other non-U.S. jurisdictions could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this prospectus and could adversely affect the Fund.

Pooled Investment Vehicle Risk. The Fund’s investments in pooled investment vehicles that invest in bitcoin are subject to the bitcoin-related risks described herein. In addition, such pooled investment vehicles are subject to risk with respect to the custody of their bitcoin holdings. If a vehicle’s bitcoin custodian’s internal procedures and controls are inadequate to safeguard the vehicle’s bitcoin holdings, and the pooled investment vehicle’s private key(s) is (are) lost, destroyed or otherwise compromised and no backup is accessible, the vehicle will be unable to access its bitcoin, which could adversely affect the Fund’s investment in the vehicle. In addition, if a pooled investment vehicle’s private key(s) is (are) misappropriated and the vehicle’s bitcoin holdings are stolen, including from or by the pooled investment vehicle’s custodian, the vehicle could lose some or all of its bitcoin holdings, which could adversely impact the Fund’s investment in the pooled investment vehicle.

 

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Furthermore, investors in a pooled investment vehicle generally have no right or power to take part in the management of the vehicle and entrust all aspects of the management of the vehicle to the general partner or manager, who may face certain conflicts of interest between investors in the pooled investment vehicle (such as the Fund) and its own interest, and no assurance can be given that the general partner or manager will act in the best interest of investors in the pooled investment vehicle or be successful in achieving the pooled investment vehicle’s investment objective. This risk is heightened for private pooled investment vehicles that invest in bitcoin, the securities of which are generally not registered under the 1940 Act, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or any state securities laws, and the adviser of which may not be required to be registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and therefore investors (like the Fund) in such pooled investment vehicles will not benefit from the protections and restrictions of such laws.

The Fund’s investments in pooled investment vehicles will be subject to management fees and other expenses of such pooled investment vehicles, and the Fund will bear its pro rata share of such fees and expenses in addition to the other Fund fees and expenses described in this prospectus. Partly as a result of such fees and expenses, any pooled investment vehicles in which the Fund invests may experience tracking error relative to a direct investment in bitcoin, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

Income generated from the Fund’s investments in pooled investment vehicles could cause the Fund to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code, which would result in adverse tax consequence for the Fund and its shareholders. See “ — Tax Risk” below.

Target Exposure and Rebalancing Risk. Although the Fund seeks to achieve and maintain exposure to bitcoin equal to the Target Exposure, it is possible in certain circumstances that the Fund may not succeed in achieving or maintaining this exposure, possibly maintaining substantially lower exposure for extended periods of time. This could happen if the Fund’s FCMs increase the amount of collateral the Fund is required to post to the point that the Fund is not able to purchase sufficient futures contracts to reach the Target Exposure or if the futures contracts held by the Subsidiary do not have sufficient exposure to bitcoin to reach the Target Exposure without the Fund having to invest more than 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary.

There can be no assurance that the Fund’s FCM(s) will not instead increase the amount of collateral the Fund is required to post, thereby causing the Fund to reduce its exposure to bitcoin.

In order to seek to achieve and maintain exposure the Target Exposure of 100% to 125%, the Fund will need to periodically rebalance its positions in bitcoin-related investments. This rebalancing means that returns of the Fund will not compound to the same extent as, and may deviate substantially from, the returns from holding an amount of bitcoin equal to the Target Exposure directly. The magnitude and direction of this effect is impossible to predict and is highly dependent on the path of bitcoin price movements and the timing of rebalancing. For instance, if the Fund’s exposure to bitcoin is less than the Target Exposure, then if the price of bitcoin increases steadily over time, it is likely that the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments will underperform a direct investment in an equivalent amount of bitcoin. Other things being equal, more significant movements, up or down, will require more significant adjustments to the bitcoin-related investments. Because of this, it is possible that the Fund’s actual exposure to bitcoin will deviate from the Target Exposure during periods of time when the price of bitcoin or bitcoin futures contracts is volatile. These risks are particularly acute for the Fund due to the high degree of volatility in bitcoin prices.

The time and manner in which the Fund rebalances its bitcoin-related investments may vary at the discretion of the Adviser depending on market conditions and other circumstances.

The ability of the Fund to maintain its target portfolio is highly dependent on its ability to obtain economic leverage through transactions such as reverse repurchase transactions or other forms of financing, as well as its ability to obtain sufficient exposure to bitcoin to achieve the Target Exposure, as described above under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies — Target Exposure, Borrowing and Leverage.” Although the Fund intends to seek this leverage from various financial institutions and FCMs, there can be no assurance that these parties will provide or continue to provide leverage to the Fund in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. If these parties cease to provide the Fund with this leverage, the Fund will be forced to reduce its exposure to bitcoin futures contracts.

Tracking Error Risk. There are several factors that may cause the returns of the Fund to differ substantially from the returns from holding an amount of bitcoin equal to the Target Exposure directly. First, the Fund may fail to achieve the Target Exposure to bitcoin, as described under “ — Target Exposure and Rebalancing Risk” above.

 

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Second, with respect to bitcoin futures contracts, if a negative futures basis exists, the Fund’s investments in bitcoin futures contracts will generally underperform a direct investment in bitcoin, possibly substantially and for extended periods of time. The volatility of the price of bitcoin also makes it more likely that the futures exchange circuit breaker will be triggered, which could restrict the liquidity of the bitcoin futures contract market, preventing the Fund from trading its bitcoin futures contracts at the time or price it would like, and potentially causing the price of such contracts to deviate substantially from the price of bitcoin. See “ — Futures Contract Risk” above.

Third, for the reasons discussed above under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies,” the Fund will hold Cash and Fixed Income Investments. Although the Adviser expects the value of the Cash and Fixed Income Investments to be significantly less volatile than the value of the Fund’s bitcoin-related investments, changes in the value of the Cash and Fixed Income Investments will impact the Fund’s NAV. This means, for example, that it is possible that an increase in the price of bitcoin could fail to result in an increase in the Fund’s NAV if it is offset by a decrease in the value of the Fund’s Cash and Fixed Income Investments.

Fourth, the pooled investment vehicles in which the Fund invests may experience tracking error relative to a direct investment in bitcoin. See “ — Pooled Investment Vehicle Risk” above.

Finally, for cash management or temporary defensive purposes in times of adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, the Fund can invest up to 100% of its assets in investments that may be inconsistent with its principal investment strategy. Generally, the Fund would invest in money market instruments or in other short-term U.S. or foreign government securities. The Fund might also hold these types of securities as interim investments pending the investment of proceeds from the sale of its shares or the sale of its portfolio investments or to meet anticipated redemptions of its shares. To the extent the Fund invests in these securities, it might not achieve its investment objective. The value of the investments held by the Fund for cash management or temporary defensive purposes may be affected by changing interest rates and by changes in credit ratings of the investments. To the extent that the Fund has any uninvested cash, the Fund will be subject to risk with respect to the depository institution holding the cash. To the extent the Fund makes temporary or defensive investments in cash or cash equivalents, it might not achieve its investment objective.    

The Fund may invest in money market funds, which are subject to the risk that such money market funds’ income will decline because of falling interest rates. Because money market funds’ income is based on short-term interest rates, which can fluctuate significantly over short periods, income risk is expected to be high for such funds. A low or negative interest rate environment will adversely affect money market funds’ return. Low or negative interest rates, depending on their duration and severity, could prevent money market funds from, among other things, providing a positive yield and/or maintaining a stable share price of $1, which would adversely affect the Fund’s investments in money market funds.

Borrowing and Leverage Risk. The Fund seeks to achieve and maintain the Target Exposure by using leverage inherent in futures contracts and through reverse repurchase agreements, and may also obtain leverage in the form of borrowings, which would typically be in the form of loans from banks, may be on a secured or unsecured basis and at fixed or variable rates of interest. Therefore, the Fund is subject to leverage risk. Leverage can have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of its assets and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the Fund will have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned its assets on an unleveraged basis. Leverage may help to offset the impact of negative futures basis or negative tracking error in a rising market, but may cause the Fund to suffer greater losses than it otherwise would have in a falling market. The value of an investment in the Fund will be more volatile and other risks tend to be compounded if and to the extent that the Fund is exposed to leverage.

Borrowing gives rise to interest expense and may require the Fund to pay other fees. The costs of borrowing will reduce the Fund’s return. If the Fund’s costs of borrowing exceed the return the Fund earns on the investments made using the proceeds of the Fund’s borrowings, the Fund’s borrowing activity may result in a loss to the Fund even if the rate of return on those investments is positive. The Fund’s ability to obtain leverage through borrowings is dependent on its ability to establish and maintain appropriate lines of credit or other borrowing facilities. Market conditions may unfavorably impact the Fund’s or its Subsidiary’s ability to secure borrowings on favorable or commercially feasible terms.

The 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage of not less than 300% with respect to all borrowings. This means that the value of the Fund’s total indebtedness may not exceed one-third of the value of its total assets (including such indebtedness). To satisfy 1940 Act requirements in connection with leverage or to meet obligations, the Fund may be required to dispose of investments when such disposition might not otherwise be desirable. Engaging in such transactions may cause the Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations. There can be no assurances that the Fund’s use of leverage will be successful.

 

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Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk. The reverse repurchase agreements the Fund may enter into involve substantial risk. Reverse repurchase agreements are financing arrangements that involve sales by the Fund of portfolio securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later date at a fixed price. Reverse repurchase agreements do not mitigate the Fund’s risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price.

The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements that are traded on an exchange, as well as reverse repurchase agreements that are traded over the counter. Over-the-counter (“OTC”) reverse repurchase agreements may be standardized or have customized features and may have limited or no liquidity. The Fund’s reverse repurchase agreements may be centrally cleared or settled bilaterally directly with a counterparty. The Fund’s reverse repurchase agreements may be cash-settled or physically-settled. The Fund incurs costs in connection with opening and closing reverse repurchase agreements.

The Fund’s use of reverse repurchase agreements exposes it to the risk that the counterparties will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise honor their obligations. Some reverse repurchase agreements can be closed only with the consent of the other party to the agreement. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will still have contractual remedies but may not be able to, or may be significantly delayed in its ability to, enforce them. The Fund may invest in reverse repurchase agreements with a limited number of counterparties, or a single counterparty, and events affecting the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the Fund. Because the contract for each reverse repurchase agreement is individually negotiated, the counterparty may interpret contractual terms differently than the Fund and, if it does, the Fund may decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty to avoid incurring the cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. The Fund, therefore, may be unable to obtain payments the Adviser believes are owed to it under reverse repurchase agreements, or those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In situations where the Fund is required to post collateral with a counterparty, the counterparty may fail to segregate the collateral or may commingle the collateral with the counterparty’s own assets. As a result, in the event of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency, the Fund’s collateral may be subject to the conflicting claims of the counterparty’s creditors, and the Fund may be exposed to the risk of being treated as a general unsecured creditor of the counterparty, rather than as the owner of the collateral.

Although the Fund attempts to execute, clear and settle the transactions through entities the Adviser believes to be sound, there can be no assurance that a failure by any such entity will not lead to a loss to the Fund.

The Fund’s investments in reverse repurchase agreements will be treated as “derivatives” in connection with the Fund’s compliance with Rule 18f-4. Pursuant to Rule 18f-4, the Fund has adopted and implemented a derivatives risk management program to govern its use of derivatives, and the Fund’s derivatives exposure (including its use of reverse repurchase agreements) is limited through a VaR test. Rule 18f-4 may restrict the Fund’s ability to enter into reverse repurchase agreements and/or increase the costs of such reverse repurchase agreements, which could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and/or the performance of the Fund.

Illiquidity Risk. Illiquidity risk is the risk that the investments held by the Fund may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the Fund would like without significantly changing the market value of the investment. This risk is enhanced for bitcoin futures contracts, which are relatively new — bitcoin futures contracts commenced trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in December 2017 — and the market for which is still developing. Bitcoin futures markets have lower trading volumes relative to some other futures markets. Bitcoin futures contract trading volume, and therefore liquidity, may decline in the future. In addition, even if bitcoin futures contract volumes remain constant or increase, liquidity may decrease at certain times if the demand for bitcoin futures contracts outstrips the supply. If other market participants who invest in bitcoin futures contracts, including other funds with similar strategies, were to attempt to close out their positions at the same time as the Fund (for example, when the Fund is closing out positions to meet redemption requests), there may not be sufficient liquidity in the bitcoin futures market for the Fund to close out its positions at the time, or for the price, it would like, which would adversely affect an investment in the Fund. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures contract.

Depending on the terms of the pooled investment vehicles in which the Fund invests, there can be no assurance that a liquid market or other means of liquidation (such as redemption) will exist at the time the Fund would like to liquidate its investment in such vehicles, and as a result the Fund may not be able to liquidate its investments in such vehicles at the time, or for the price, that it would like, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

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Certain of the Fund’s investments may be treated as illiquid. The Fund may invest at the time of purchase up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

Debt Investing Risk. The values of debt securities to which the Fund is exposed change in response to interest rate changes. In general, the value of a debt security is likely to fall as interest rates rise. This risk is generally greater for obligations with longer maturities or for debt securities that do not pay current interest (such as zero-coupon securities). Debt securities with floating interest rates can be less sensitive to interest rate changes, although, to the extent the Fund’s income is based on short-term interest rates that fluctuate over short periods of time, income received by the Fund may decrease as a result of a decline in interest rates; floating rate loans can also decrease in value if their interest rates do not rise as quickly or as much as market interest rates. Conversely, variable rate instruments generally will not increase in value if interest rates decline. When interest rates increase or for other reasons, debt securities may be repaid more slowly than expected. As a result, the maturity of the debt instrument may be extended, increasing the potential for loss.

Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result. A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates to fluctuate (e.g., central bank monetary policies, inflation rates, general economic conditions and market developments), and debt securities may be difficult to value during such periods. Over the past decade, governmental financial regulators, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken steps to maintain historically low interest rates by purchasing bonds. To the extent the U.S. Federal Reserve raises interest rates, there is a risk that rates across the financial system may rise, which could have an adverse effect on prices for debt securities, overall economic activity, the financial condition of issuers of debt securities in which the Fund invests and on the management of the Fund.

The value of a debt security depends on the issuer’s credit quality or ability to pay principal and interest when due. The value of a debt security is likely to fall if an issuer or the guarantor of a security is unable or unwilling (or perceived to be unable or unwilling) to make timely principal and/or interest payments or otherwise to honor its obligations, or if the debt security’s rating is downgraded. The obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The value of a debt security can also decline in response to other changes in market, economic, industry, political and regulatory conditions that affect a particular type of debt security or issuer or debt securities generally.

If interest rates rise, repayments of principal on certain debt securities may occur at a slower rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply.

The issuer of a debt security may repay all or a portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity. In times of declining interest rates, there is a greater likelihood that the Fund’s higher yielding securities will be pre-paid with the Fund being unable to reinvest the proceeds in an investment with as great a yield. Prepayments can therefore result in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund.

Specific types of debt securities in which the Fund may invest give rise to the following additional risks:

Government Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government (including U.S. Treasury obligations that differ in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance) or its agencies and instrumentalities (such as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac)). U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, risks related to changes in interest rates and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to the Fund. Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government related organizations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support. Therefore, U.S. government-related organizations may not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future. As a result of their high credit quality and market liquidity, U.S. Government securities generally provide a lower current return than obligations of other issuers.

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. The Fund’s investments in Agency MBS may involve risks that differ from or are greater than risks associated with other types of investments. The rate of pre-payments on underlying

 

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mortgages will affect the price and volatility of an Agency MBS and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the rate of loan modification, forbearance and other forms of relief that may extend the effective duration of a mortgage-backed security.

Generally, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of fixed rate mortgage-backed securities making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, the Fund may exhibit additional volatility since individual mortgage holders are less likely to exercise prepayment options, thereby putting additional downward pressure on the value of these securities and potentially causing the Fund to lose money. This is known as extension risk. Agency MBS can be highly sensitive to rising interest rates, such that even small movements can cause the Fund to lose value. Agency MBS, and in particular those not backed by a government guarantee, are subject to credit risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns of the Fund because the Fund may have to reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates. Agency MBS backed by adjustable rate mortgages may have increased risks of delinquency or default on the mortgage loan and in turn, losses on the Agency MBS into which that loan has been bundled.

The Agency MBS in which the Fund invests are also subject to risks associated with their structure and the nature of the underlying mortgages and the servicing of those mortgages; for this reason, many of the other risks described herein are relevant to the mortgage-backed securities to which the Fund has exposure. There is risk that the underlying debt securities will default. In the event of default, the holder of an Agency MBS may not have a security interest in the underlying collateral, and even if such a security interest exists, the recovery on repossessed collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments on the underlying investments. During periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes dramatically, with respect to securitizations involving mortgage loans. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and is likely to continue to impact, loan repayment and default rates. The risks and returns for investors like the Fund in Agency MBS depend on the tranche in which the investor holds an interest. Many Agency MBS in which the Fund invests may be difficult to value and may be deemed illiquid. The Fund’s investment in Agency MBS may have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of the underlying mortgages and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the Fund may have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned the underlying mortgages directly. The value of an investment in the Fund may be more volatile and other risks tend to be compounded if and to the extent that the Fund is exposed to Agency MBS. Any mishandling of related documentation by a servicer may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral.

Municipal Debt Securities Risk. Investing in the municipal debt securities market involves the risks of investing in debt securities generally and certain other risks. The amount of public information available about the municipal debt securities in which the Fund may invest is generally less than that for corporate equities or bonds, and the investment performance of the Fund’s investment in municipal debt securities may therefore be more dependent on the analytical abilities of the Adviser than its investments in taxable debt securities. The secondary market for municipal debt securities also tends to be less well developed or liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to sell municipal debt securities at attractive prices.

The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns, by litigation, legislation or political events, or by the bankruptcy of the issuer. Issuers of municipal debt securities also might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, the Fund could experience delays in collecting principal and interest, and the Fund may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which it is entitled. The treatment of municipalities in bankruptcy is more uncertain, and potentially more adverse to debt holders, than for corporate issues. Adverse economic, business, legal or political developments might affect all or a substantial portion of the Fund’s municipal debt securities in the same manner. The Fund will be particularly subject to these risks to the extent that it focuses its investments in municipal bonds in a particular state or geographic region.

Municipal debt securities are also subject to interest rate, credit, and illiquidity risk, which are discussed generally elsewhere in this prospectus and elaborated upon below. The municipal issuer may be fiscally unstable or exposed to large liabilities that could impair its ability to honor its obligations. Municipal issuers with significant debt service requirements (in the near-to mid-term), unrated issuers and those with less capital and liquidity to absorb additional expenses may be most at risk. To the extent the Fund invests in lower quality or high yield

 

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municipal debt securities, it may be more sensitive to the adverse credit events in the municipal debt securities market. Liquidity may sometimes be impaired in the municipal debt securities market, and the Fund may find it difficult to purchase or sell such securities at opportune times. Liquidity can be impaired due to interest rate concerns, credit events, or general supply and demand imbalances. Depending on the particular issuer and current economic conditions, municipal debt securities could be deemed more volatile investments.

Foreign Government Obligations and Securities of Supranational Entities Risk. Exposure to foreign government obligations makes the Fund vulnerable to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities or in which the issuers are located. The ability and willingness of sovereign obligors or the governmental authorities that control repayment of their debt to pay principal and interest on such debt when due may depend on general economic and political conditions within the relevant country. Certain countries in which the Fund may have investment exposure have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates and extreme poverty and unemployment. Some of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty or instability. The ability of a foreign sovereign obligor to make timely payments on its external debt obligations also will be strongly influenced by the obligor’s balance of payments, including export performance, its access to international credits and investments, fluctuations in interest rates and the extent of its foreign reserves. A governmental obligor may default on its obligations. If this occurs, the Fund may have limited (or no) legal recourse against the obligor.

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” fund under the 1940 Act. Accordingly, the Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer than if it were a “diversified” fund. To the extent that the Fund invests a higher percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer, the Fund is subject to a higher degree of risk associated with and developments affecting that issuer than a fund that invests more widely.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s portfolio turnover and frequent trading of futures contracts may result in higher transaction costs than if the Fund traded less frequently. A change in the securities held by the Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” The Fund expects to engage in portfolio turnover in response to shareholder purchases, to meet redemption requests and to rebalance the size of the Subsidiary to comply with the Subsidiary Asset Cap due to changes in the price of bitcoin futures contracts. Depending on the level of shareholder purchase and redemption activity and changes in the price of bitcoin futures contracts, the Fund may have significant portfolio turnover, potentially in excess of 100%. If the Fund realizes capital gains when it sells investments, it generally must pay those gains to shareholders, increasing its taxable distributions, including distributions of short-term capital gain, which are taxable as ordinary income to shareholders. Increased portfolio turnover may also result in higher brokerage fees or other transaction costs, which can reduce the Fund’s performance. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities. In addition, although the Fund’s trading of futures contracts is not included in the calculation of portfolio turnover, the Fund’s active and frequent trading of futures contract swill result in transaction costs to the Fund.

Limited Operating History Risk. The Fund has a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record and history on which to base their investment decision. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to implement its investment strategy and investment approach or achieve its investment objective.

Tax Risk. The Fund currently intends to qualify for treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Code. In order to qualify for such treatment, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income, meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each fiscal quarter, and distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income. The Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC. The tax treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments under one or more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS or a change in law might affect the Fund’s ability to qualify for such treatment. In addition, the ability of the Fund to invest in pooled investment vehicles may be subject to limitations in order to enable the Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Code. Income generated from such pooled investment vehicles could also cause the Fund to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code.

If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code for any reason, and were not able to cure such failure, the Fund would be treated as a “C corporation” and, as such, would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as dividends.

 

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Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio holdings is available in the Statement of Additional Information. The holdings of the Fund are disclosed quarterly in filings with the Commission on Form N-PORT as of the end of the first and third quarters of the Fund’s fiscal year and on Form N-CSR as of the second and fourth quarters of the Fund’s fiscal year. The Fund’s fiscal year ends on [October 31]. You can find the Commission filings on the Commission’s website, www.sec.gov.

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION

Investment Adviser

Stone Ridge is the Fund’s investment adviser. The Adviser was organized as a Delaware limited liability company in 2012. Its primary place of business is at 510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York 10022. The Adviser’s primary business is to provide a variety of investment management services, including an investment program for the Fund. The Adviser is responsible for all business activities and oversight of the investment decisions made for the Fund. As of [                ], the Adviser’s assets under management were approximately $[                ].

In return for providing management services to the Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser an annual fee.

The Adviser is an affiliate of New York Digital Investment Group LLC (“NYDIG”) and its subsidiaries, including NYDIG Asset Management LLC and NYDIG Asset Advisory LLC. However, the Fund is not advised or sub-advised by NYDIG or any of its subsidiaries.

A discussion regarding the basis of the Board’s approval of the investment advisory contract between Stone Ridge Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Adviser will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report to shareholders, as applicable, which is expected to be the [annual] report for the period ended [October 31, 2021].

Portfolio Managers

[                ], [                ], and [                ]are the Portfolio Managers of the Fund. [                ], [                ], and [                ]have been Portfolio Managers since the Fund’s inception. [Each of the Portfolio Managers is also a portfolio manager of other investment companies advised by the Adviser.]

[                ]. [                ], Portfolio Manager of the Fund, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund and its investments jointly with [                ]and [                ]. Prior to joining Stone Ridge in [                ].

[                ]. [                ], Portfolio Manager of the Fund, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund and its investments jointly with [                ]and [                ]. Prior to joining Stone Ridge in [                ].

[                ]. [                ], Portfolio Manager of the Fund, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund and its investments jointly with [                ]and [                ]. Prior to joining Stone Ridge in [                 ].

Additional Information Regarding the Adviser and Portfolio Managers

The Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about the Adviser, including information about potential conflicts of interest that the Adviser may face in managing the Fund, and about each Portfolio Manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each Portfolio Manager, and each Portfolio Manager’s ownership of securities in the Fund. The Statement of Additional Information is part of this prospectus and is available free of charge by calling (855) 609-3680 or at www.stoneridgefunds.com. The information (other than this prospectus, including the Statement of Additional Information) contained on, or that can be accessed through, www.stoneridgefunds.com is not part of this prospectus or the Statement of Additional Information.

Distributor, Administrator and Transfer Agent

[                ], [                ] is the Fund’s distributor (the “Distributor”). U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 is the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”), administrator (the “Administrator”) and accounting agent. The Adviser pays fees to the Distributor as compensation for the services it renders. The Fund compensates the Transfer Agent for its services.

 

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SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

Fund Closings

The Fund may close at any time to new investments and, during such closings, only the reinvestment of dividends by existing shareholders will be permitted. The Fund may re-open to new investment and subsequently close again to new investment at any time at the discretion of the Adviser. During any time the Fund is closed to new investments, Fund shareholders will continue to be able to redeem their shares, as described below.

How Fund Share Prices Are Calculated

The NAV per share of the Fund’s Class I shares and Class M shares is determined by dividing the total value of the applicable class’s proportionate interest in the Fund’s portfolio investments, cash and other assets, less any liabilities (including accrued expenses or dividends) allocable to that class, by the total number of shares of that class outstanding. While the assets of each of Class I shares and Class M shares are invested in a single portfolio of securities, the NAV of each respective Class will differ because each of Class I shares and Class M shares have different expenses. The Fund’s shares are typically valued as of a particular time (the “Valuation Time”) on each day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) opens for business.1 The Valuation Time is ordinarily at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). In unusual circumstances, the Valuation Time may be at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, for example, in the event of an earlier, unscheduled close or halt of trading on the NYSE. Current NAV per share of the Fund’s classes may be obtained by contacting the Transfer Agent by telephone at (855) 609-3680.

In accordance with the regulations governing registered investment companies, the Fund’s transactions in portfolio securities and purchases and sales of Fund shares (which bear upon the number of Fund shares outstanding) are generally not reflected in the NAV determined for the business day on which the transactions are effected (the trade date), but rather on the following business day.

The Board has approved procedures pursuant to which the Fund values its investments (the “Valuation Procedures”). The Board has established an Adviser Valuation Committee made up of employees of the Adviser to which the Board has delegated responsibility for overseeing the implementation of the Valuation Procedures, including fair value determinations made on behalf of the Board.

Listed below is a summary of certain of the methods generally used currently to value investments of the Fund under the Valuation Procedures:

Reverse repurchase agreements, non-prime money market funds and cash sweep programs are generally valued at amortized cost.

Other debt securities, including corporate and government debt securities (of U.S. or foreign issuers) and municipal debt securities, loans, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and other asset-backed securities (except event-linked bonds) are valued by an independent pricing service at an evaluated (or estimated) mean between the closing bid and asked prices.

For investments in investment companies, the value of the shares of such funds is calculated based upon the net asset value per share of such funds. The prospectuses for such funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and its effects.

Exchange-traded derivatives, such as futures contracts, are valued at the settlement price on the exchange or mean of the bid and asked prices.

Non-exchange traded derivatives, including OTC options, are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by a pricing service or using quotes provided by a broker/dealer (typically the counterparty).

Generally, the Fund must value its assets using market quotations when they are readily available. If, with respect to any portfolio instrument, market quotations are not readily available or available market quotations are deemed to be unreliable by the Adviser Valuation Committee, then such instruments will be valued as determined in good faith by the Adviser Valuation Committee. In these circumstances, the Fund determines fair value in a manner that seeks to reflect the market value of the security on the valuation date based on consideration by the Adviser Valuation Committee of any information or factors it deems appropriate.

 

1 

The NYSE is generally open from Monday through Friday, 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. NYSE, NYSE Arca, NYSE Bonds and NYSE Arca Options markets will generally close on, and in observation of the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

 

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Fair value pricing may require subjective determinations about the value of a portfolio instrument. Fair values may differ from quoted or published prices, or from prices that are used by others, for the same investments. Also, the use of fair value pricing may not always result in adjustments to the prices of securities or other assets or liabilities held by the Fund. It is possible that the fair value determined for a security may be materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of such security. Thus, fair valuation may have an unintended dilutive or accretive effect on the value of shareholders’ investments in the Fund.

A substantial portion of the Fund’s investments are U.S. dollar denominated investments. Investments initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services. As a result, the NAV of the Fund’s shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. International markets are sometimes open on days when U.S. markets are closed, which means that the value of foreign securities owned by the Fund could change on days when Fund shares cannot be bought or sold. The value of investments traded in markets outside the U.S. or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the NYSE is closed, and the NAV of the Fund’s shares may change on days when an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares. The calculation of the Fund’s NAV may not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of foreign securities used in NAV calculations.

INVESTING IN THE FUND

The Fund offers two classes of shares — Class I shares and Class M shares. This prospectus describes the Class I shares and Class M shares of the Fund.

Eligibility to Buy Class I and Class M Shares

Shares of the Fund generally may be sold only to U.S. citizens, U.S. residents, and U.S. domestic corporations, partnerships, trusts or estates. The Fund reserves the right to refuse any request to purchase shares. Each Class of shares is subject to the investment minimums described below.

Investment Minimums

Class I Shares

The minimum initial investment is $500,000.

Class M Shares

The minimum initial investment is $2,500.

These minimums may be waived or reduced in certain circumstances, and they may be modified and/or applied in the aggregate for certain intermediaries that submit trades on behalf of underlying investors (e.g., registered investment advisers or benefit plans). Differences in the policies of different intermediaries may include different minimum investment amounts. There is no minimum for subsequent investments.

Other Policies

No Certificates

The issuance of shares is recorded electronically on the books of the Fund. You will receive a confirmation of, or account statement reflecting, each new transaction in your account, which will also show the total number of shares of the Fund you own. You can rely on these statements in lieu of certificates. The Fund does not issue certificates representing shares of the Fund.

Involuntary Redemptions

The Fund reserves the right to redeem an account if the value of the shares in the Fund is $1,000 or less for any reason, including market fluctuation. Before the Fund redeems such shares and sends the proceeds to the shareholder, it will notify the shareholder that the value of the shares in the account is less than the minimum amount and will allow the shareholder 60 days to make an additional investment in an amount that will increase the value of the account(s) to the minimum amount specified above before the redemption is processed. As a sale of your Fund shares, this redemption may have tax consequences.

 

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In addition, the Fund reserves the right under certain circumstances to redeem all or a portion of an account, without consent of or other action by the shareholder. The Fund may exercise this right, for example, if a shareholder invests in a share class for which the shareholder was not eligible at the time of investment.

HOW TO BUY CLASS I AND CLASS M SHARES

How to Buy Shares

The Fund has authorized the Transfer Agent and Distributor to receive orders on its behalf, and the Distributor has authorized select intermediaries to receive orders on behalf of the Fund. These intermediaries may be authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive orders on the Fund’s behalf. The Fund is deemed to have received an order when the Transfer Agent, the Distributor, an intermediary, or if applicable, an intermediary’s authorized designee, receives the order in good order. Investors who invest in the Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary regarding purchase procedures. Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through an intermediary.

Investors may purchase the Fund’s Class I shares and Class M shares directly from the Transfer Agent by calling (855) 609-3680.

All investors must complete and submit the necessary account registration forms in good order. The Fund reserves the right to reject any initial or additional investment and to suspend the offering of shares.

Purchase through a financial intermediary does not affect these eligibility requirements or those set out in “Investing in the Fund,” above.

All investments are subject to approval of the Adviser, and all investors must complete and submit the necessary account registration forms in good order. The Fund reserves the right to reject any initial or additional investment and to suspend the offering of shares. Purchase through a financial intermediary does not affect these eligibility requirements.

A purchase of the Fund’s Class I shares and Class M shares will be made at the NAV per share next determined following receipt of a purchase order in good order by the Fund, the Transfer Agent, the Distributor, an intermediary or an intermediary’s authorized designee if received at a time when the Fund is open to new investments. A purchase, exchange or redemption order is in “good order” when the Fund, the Transfer Agent, the Distributor, an intermediary or, if applicable, an intermediary’s authorized designee, receives all required information, including properly completed and signed documents, and the purchase order is approved by the Adviser. Once the Fund (or one of its authorized agents, described above) accepts a purchase order, you may not cancel or revoke it; however, you may redeem the shares. The Fund may withhold redemption proceeds until it is reasonably satisfied it has received your payment. The Fund reserves the right to cancel any purchase or exchange order it receives if the Fund believes that it is in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders to do so.

Clients of investment advisory organizations may also be subject to investment advisory and other fees under their own arrangements with such organizations.

Customer Identification Program

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person that opens a new account and to determine whether such person’s name appears on government lists of known or suspected terrorists and terrorist organizations.

In compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, please note that the Transfer Agent or authorized intermediary will verify certain information upon account opening as part of Stone Ridge Trust’s Anti-Money Laundering Program. You will be asked to supply certain required information, such as your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. If you are opening the account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, etc.), you must also supply the identity of the beneficial owners. Mailing addresses containing only a P.O. Box may not be accepted.

If the identity of a customer cannot be verified, the account will be rejected or the customer will not be allowed to perform a transaction on the account until the customer’s identity is verified. The Fund also reserves the right to close the account within five business days if clarifying information/documentation is not received. If your account is closed for this reason, your shares will be redeemed at the NAV next calculated after the account is closed.

 

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The Fund and its agents will not be responsible for any loss in an investor’s account resulting from the investor’s delay in providing all required identifying information or from closing an account and redeeming an investor’s shares when an investor’s identity is not verified.

The Fund may be required to “freeze” your account if there appears to be suspicious activity or if account information matches information on a government list of known terrorists or other suspicious persons.

HOW TO REDEEM CLASS I AND CLASS M SHARES

Investors who invest in the Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary regarding redemption procedures. The Fund is deemed to have received a redemption order when the Transfer Agent, the Distributor, an authorized intermediary, or if applicable, an intermediary’s authorized designee, receives the redemption order in good order. Investors holding Fund shares directly through the Transfer Agent who desire to redeem shares of the Fund must first contact the Adviser at (855) 609-3680. Once notification has occurred, the investor will be directed to the Transfer Agent to complete the sale transaction. A redemption of the Fund’s shares will be made at the NAV per share next determined following receipt of a written redemption order in good order by the Fund, the Transfer Agent, the Distributor, an intermediary or an intermediary’s authorized designee.

The redemption of all shares in an account will result in the account being closed. A new Account Registration Form will be required for future investments. See “How to Buy Class I Shares and Class M Shares” above. Certificates for shares are not issued.

Payments of Redemption Proceeds

Redemption orders are valued at the NAV per share next determined after the shares are properly tendered for redemption, as described above. Payment for shares redeemed generally will be made within seven days after receipt of a valid request for redemption. The Fund may temporarily stop redeeming shares or delay payment of redemption proceeds when the NYSE is closed or trading on the NYSE is restricted, when an emergency exists and the Fund cannot sell shares or accurately determine the value of assets, or if the Commission orders the Fund to suspend redemptions or delay payment of redemption proceeds.

At various times, the Fund may be requested to redeem shares for which it has not yet received good payment. If this is the case, the forwarding of proceeds may be delayed until payment has been collected for the purchase of the shares. The delay may last seven days or more. The Fund intends to forward the redemption proceeds as soon as good payment for purchase orders has been received. This delay may be avoided if shares are purchased by wire transfer. Although the Fund generally intends to pay cash for all shares redeemed using cash held by the Fund or generated by the Fund through selling cash equivalents, selling investments, or using overdraft provisions or lines of credit, the Fund reserves the right, under certain circumstances (such as stressed market conditions), to make a redemption payment, in whole or in part, in portfolio securities that have a market value at the time of redemption equal to the redemption price. In cases where the Fund uses assets other than cash for redemption payments, the value of the non-cash assets is determined as of the redemption date; consequently, as a result of changes in market prices, the value of those assets when received by the redeeming shareholder may be lower or higher than their value as of the redemption date. Investors may incur brokerage charges or other transaction costs selling securities that were received in payment of redemptions.

You can arrange for cash proceeds of a redemption to be sent by wire transfer to a single previously designated bank account if you have given authorization for expedited wire redemption on your Account Application. This redemption option does not apply to shares held in broker “street name” accounts. If a request for a wire redemption is received by the Fund prior to the close of the NYSE, the shares will be redeemed that day at the next determined NAV, and the proceeds will generally be sent to the designated bank account the next business day. The bank must be a member of the Federal Reserve wire system. Delivery of the proceeds of a wire redemption request may be delayed by the Fund for up to seven days if deemed appropriate under then current market conditions. Redeeming shareholders will be notified if a delay in transmitting proceeds is anticipated. The Fund cannot be responsible for the efficiency of the Federal Reserve wire system or the shareholder’s bank. You are responsible for any charges imposed by your bank. The Fund reserves the right to terminate the wire redemption privilege. To change the name of the single bank account designated to receive wire redemption proceeds, you must send a written request with a signature guarantee to the Fund, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, or contact your financial intermediary.

Signature guarantees can be obtained from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the NYSE Medallion Signature Program and the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, but not from a notary public.

 

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The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent or your financial intermediary reserve the right to require a signature guarantee in other instances based on the circumstances.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Dividends and capital gains distributions are treated in accordance with the instructions on your account opening form, and either are automatically reinvested, without sales charges, into the relevant share class or are distributed to you in cash. Your taxable income is the same regardless of which option you choose. As long as you hold Fund shares, you may change your election to participate in the dividend reinvestment plan by notifying the Transfer Agent or your financial intermediary, as applicable.

For further information about dividend reinvestment, contact the Transfer Agent by telephone at (855) 609-3680 or contact your financial intermediary.

Distributions and Federal Income Tax Matters

This section summarizes some of the important U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the Fund. This discussion does not address all aspects of taxation that may apply to shareholders or to specific types of shareholders such as tax-deferred retirement plans and persons who are not “U.S. persons” within the meaning of the Code. You should consult your tax adviser for information concerning the possible application of federal, state, local, or foreign tax laws to you. Please see the Statement of Additional Information for additional information regarding the tax aspects of investing in the Fund.

The Fund currently intends to elect and qualify to be treated as a RIC. A RIC generally is not subject to federal income tax at the fund level on income and gains that are timely distributed to shareholders. To qualify for such treatment, the Fund must meet certain income, asset diversification and distribution requirements.

The Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company. The tax treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments under one or more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS or change in law might affect the Fund’s ability to qualify for such treatment. Because the Fund intends to qualify as a RIC under the Code, the Fund will generally hold Cash and Fixed Income Investments such that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer.

If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code for any reason, and were not able to cure such failure, the Fund would be treated as a “C corporation” and, as such, would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as dividends. The Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Fund-level tax or interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets.

The Fund invests in a wholly-owned Subsidiary that is treated as a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Subsidiary will take steps to ensure that income recognized by the Fund in respect of the Subsidiary will be qualifying income and the Fund will limit its investments in the Subsidiary in the aggregate to 25% of the Fund’s total assets.

The Fund’s investment in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes, which may decrease the Fund’s return on those securities.

In addition, the Fund’s investments in debt instruments, digital assets, foreign securities, foreign currencies and derivatives may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of income or gain and may affect the timing, amount or character of the Fund’s distributions.

The Fund currently intends to make distributions at least annually of all or substantially all of its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any. If you elect to reinvest distributions, your distributions will be reinvested in additional shares of the same share class of the Fund at the NAV calculated as of the payment date. The Fund will pay distributions on a per-share basis. As a result, on the ex-dividend date of such a payment, the NAV of the Fund will be reduced by the amount of the payment. If you are a shareholder subject to federal income tax, you will be subject

 

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to tax on Fund distributions in the manner described herein whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of net investment income are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. The tax treatment of Fund distributions of capital gains is determined by how long the Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long you owned your shares. Distributions of net capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains over its net short-term capital losses) that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. Distributions of net gains from the sale or deemed disposition of investments that the Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income.

Distributions of investment income properly reported by the Fund as derived from “qualified dividend income,” if any will be taxed to individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level.

If, in and with respect to any taxable year, the Fund makes a distribution to a shareholder in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of such shareholder’s tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.

A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax is imposed on the “net investment income” of certain individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. “Net investment income” generally includes dividends, interest, and net gains from the disposition of investment property (including the Fund’s ordinary income dividends, Capital Gain Dividends, and capital gains recognized on the sale, redemption, or exchange of Fund shares). Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, that this provision may have on their investment in Fund shares.

A dividend will be treated as paid on December 31 of a calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November or December with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year. Early in each year, we will send you a statement showing detailed federal tax information with respect to your distributions for the prior tax year.

Distributions are taxable to you in the manner described herein even if they are paid from income or gains earned before your investment (and thus were included in the price you paid for your shares). For example, if you purchase shares on or just before the record date of the Fund distribution, you will pay full price for the shares and could receive a portion of your investment back as a taxable distribution.

Any gain or loss resulting from the sale or exchange of your shares generally will be treated as capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes, which will be long-term or short-term depending on how long you have held your shares.

Investments through tax-qualified retirement plans and other tax-advantaged investors are generally not subject to current federal income tax.

In general, dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid by the Fund to a person who is not a “U.S. person” within the meaning of the Code (a “foreign shareholder”) are subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). However, the Code provides a withholding tax exemption, if the Fund so elects, for certain interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends paid to foreign shareholders.

Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury Regulations and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, “FATCA”) generally require the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an “IGA”). If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA 30% of ordinary dividends the Fund pays to that shareholder. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund or its agent is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above. The IRS and the Department of Treasury have issued proposed regulations providing that the gross proceeds of share redemptions or exchanges and Capital Gain Dividends the Fund pays will not be subject to FATCA withholding. Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary. In addition, foreign countries have implemented or are considering, and may implement, laws similar in purpose and scope to FATCA, as more fully described above.

 

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The discussion above is very general. Please consult your tax adviser about the effect that an investment in the Fund could have on your own tax situation, including possible foreign, federal, state, or local tax consequences, or about any other tax questions you may have.

Frequent Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares

The Fund is currently intended for long-term investment purposes. Excessive trading, short-term trading and other abusive trading activities may be detrimental to the Fund and its long-term shareholders by disrupting portfolio management strategies, increasing brokerage and administrative costs, harming Fund performance and diluting the value of shares. Such trading may also require the Fund to sell securities to meet redemptions, which could cause taxable events that impact shareholders. The Fund will not knowingly permit shareholders to market time or excessively trade the Fund to the detriment of the long-term shareholders.

The Fund has adopted procedures that are reasonably designed to detect and prevent frequent trading activity that could be harmful to the Fund (the “Procedures”), which include (1) fair valuation of non-U.S. securities, where appropriate and (2) periodic surveillance of shareholder trading activity and inquiry as to the nature of the trading activity when appropriate.

With respect to the periodic surveillance of shareholder trading activity, the Adviser monitors trading in the Fund’s shares in an effort to identify trading patterns that appear to indicate market timing or abusive trading practices, to the extent reasonably practicable. In making such a judgement, the Adviser may consider the size of the trades, the frequency and pattern of trades and other factors considered relevant.

If the Adviser determines that the trading history of an account appears to indicate market timing or abusive trading practices, the Fund will provide notice to the shareholder or the applicable financial intermediary to cease such trading activities and, when appropriate, restrict or prohibit further purchases or redemptions of shares for the account. If the trading history of an omnibus account appears to indicate the possibility of market timing or abusive trading practices, the Adviser may request underlying shareholder information from the financial intermediary associated with the omnibus account pursuant to Rule 22c-2 under the 1940 Act in order to make such a determination.

Some financial intermediaries through which shares of the Fund are distributed submit aggregate or net purchase and redemption orders through omnibus accounts. These omnibus accounts often by nature engage in frequent transactions due to the daily trading activity of their underlying investors. Because transactions by omnibus accounts often take place on a net basis, the Adviser’s ability to detect and prevent frequent trading is limited. In determining the frequency with which the Adviser will seek shareholder transaction information from a financial intermediary, the Adviser will consider (1) whether or not a Fund imposes a redemption fee, (2) a Fund’s trading history (e.g., a history of abnormally large inflows or outflows that may indicate the existence of frequent trading), (3) the risks that frequent trading poses to the Fund and its shareholders in light of the nature of the Fund’s investment program, including its typical cash positions and whether its valuation policies mitigate the risks associated with abusive trading practices, (4) the risks to the Fund and its shareholders in light of the size of the transactions relative to the amount of the Fund’s assets or the volume of the Fund’s subscriptions and redemptions through a financial intermediary and (5) such other factors as are deemed relevant or appropriate under the circumstances.

Although the Procedures are designed to deter frequent trading, none of these measures alone, nor taken together, eliminates the possibility that frequent trading will occur in the Fund, particularly with respect to trades placed by shareholders who invest in the Fund through omnibus accounts maintained by financial intermediaries. It is understood that it may not be possible to identify and monitor all accounts controlled by a potential frequent trader.

DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS

Distribution Plan

Financial intermediaries may provide varying investment products, programs, platforms and accounts for the benefit of shareholders. Such intermediaries generally charge fees in connection with a variety of services, which include (i) personal and account maintenance services, sub-transfer agency services and custodial services rendered to Class M shareholders who are customers of the intermediary, including electronic transmission and processing of orders, electronic fund transfers between shareholders and the Fund, reinvestment of distributions, settlement and reconciliation of transactions, liaising with the Transfer Agent, facilitation of electronic delivery to shareholders of Fund documentation, monitoring shareholder accounts for back-up withholding and any other special tax reporting obligations, maintenance of books and records with respect to the foregoing, and other similar services (fees for such services, “servicing fees”) and/or (ii) activities or expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of Class M shares (fees for such services, if any, “distribution fees”). Class M shares of the Fund pay Rule 12b-1 fees to compensate

 

34


financial intermediaries for such services. Such fees may be based on the number of accounts or may be a percentage of the average value of accounts for which the intermediary provides services, and are intended to compensate intermediaries for their provision of services of the type that would be provided by the Transfer Agent or other service providers if the shares were registered on the books of the Fund. The Fund does not believe that any portion of fees currently paid to financial intermediaries is a distribution fee.

Servicing fees and distribution fees may be paid pursuant to a Distribution Plan (“12b-1 Plan”) adopted by the Fund with respect to its Class M shares, at the maximum annual rate of [    ]% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class M. These fees are paid out of the Fund’s Class M shares’ assets on an ongoing basis and may be administered or facilitated by the Distributor. Because Rule 12b-1 fees are paid out of the Fund’s Class M shares’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than other types of sales charges. The Adviser performs certain services and incurs certain expenses through its employees who are registered representatives of a broker-dealer with respect to the promotion of the Fund’s Class M shares and the Adviser also performs certain services in connection with the servicing of shareholders. If amounts remain from the Rule 12b-1 fees after the intermediaries have been paid, such amounts may be used to compensate the Adviser for the services it provides and for the expenses it bears. The Distributor does not retain any portion of the distribution fees. To the extent that there are expenses associated with shareholder services that exceed the amounts payable pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan, the Class M shares of the Fund will bear such expenses.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The Fund is newly organized and has not yet commenced operations. Accordingly, financial highlights are not available as of the date of this prospectus.

 

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STONE RIDGE’S PRIVACY NOTICE

Stone Ridge’s Commitment to Its Customers1

Stone Ridge recognizes and respects the privacy expectation of each of its customers. Stone Ridge believes that the confidentiality and protection of its customers’ non-public personal information is one of its fundamental responsibilities. This means, most importantly, that Stone Ridge does not sell customers’ non-public personal information to any third parties. Stone Ridge uses its customers’ non-public personal information primarily to complete financial transactions that its customers request or to make its customers aware of other financial products and services offered by a Stone Ridge affiliated company.

Information Stone Ridge Collects About Its Customers

Stone Ridge collects non-public personal information about its customers from the following sources:

 

   

Account Applications and Other Forms, which may include a customer’s name and address, social security number or tax identification number, total assets, income, and accounts at other institutions;

 

   

Account History, which may include information about the transactions and balances in accounts with Stone Ridge; and

 

   

Correspondence, which may include written, telephonic or electronic communications.

How Stone Ridge Handles Its Customers’ Personal Information

As emphasized above, Stone Ridge does not sell non-public personal information about current or former customers to third parties. Below are the details of circumstances in which Stone Ridge may disclose non-public personal information to third parties:

 

   

In order to complete certain transactions or account changes that a customer directs, it may be necessary to provide certain non-public personal information about that customer to companies, individuals, or groups that are not affiliated with Stone Ridge. For example, if a customer asks Stone Ridge to transfer assets from another financial institution, Stone Ridge will need to provide certain non-public personal information about that customer to the company to complete the transaction.

 

   

In order to alert a customer to other financial products and services that a Stone Ridge affiliated company offers, Stone Ridge may share non-public personal information it has about that customer with a Stone Ridge affiliated company.

 

   

In certain instances, Stone Ridge may contract with non-affiliated companies to perform services for or on behalf of Stone Ridge. Where necessary, Stone Ridge will disclose non-public personal information it has about its customers to these third parties. In all such cases, Stone Ridge will provide the third party with only the information necessary to carry out its assigned responsibilities and only for that purpose. In addition, Stone Ridge requires these third parties to treat Stone Ridge customers’ non-public information with the same high degree of confidentiality that Stone Ridge does.

 

   

Finally, Stone Ridge will release non-public information about customers if directed by that customer to do so or if Stone Ridge is authorized by law to do so.

 

1 

For purposes of this notice, the term “customer” or “customers” includes both individuals who have investments with a Stone Ridge-affiliated company and individuals who have provided non-public personal information to a Stone Ridge affiliated company, but did not invest with a Stone Ridge affiliated company.

 

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How Stone Ridge Safeguards Its Customers’ Personal Information

Stone Ridge restricts access to information about customers to its employees and to third parties, as described above. Stone Ridge maintains physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards reasonably designed to protect the confidentiality of its customers’ non-public personal information.

Keeping Its Customers Informed

As required by federal law, Stone Ridge will notify customers of Stone Ridge’s Privacy Policy annually. Stone Ridge reserves the right to modify this policy at any time, but in the event that there is a change, Stone Ridge will promptly inform its customers of that change.

 

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USEFUL SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

Trust. Stone Ridge Trust consists of four series. The series are investment portfolios of Stone Ridge Trust, an open-end series management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust.

Shareholder Reports. Annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders provide additional information about the Fund’s investments. These reports include financial statements, a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance, as well as the auditors’ report (in the annual report only).

Statement of Additional Information. The Statement of Additional Information provides more detailed information about the Fund. It is incorporated by reference into (and is legally a part of) this combined prospectus.

How to Obtain Additional Information.

 

 

You can obtain shareholder reports or the Statement of Additional Information (without charge), make inquiries or request other information about the Fund by contacting the Transfer Agent at (855) 609-3680, writing the Fund at Stone Ridge Trust, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, visiting the Fund’s website at www.stoneridgefunds.com or calling your financial intermediary.

 

 

You may review and copy information about the Fund, including reports and other information about the Fund, on the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s website at www.sec.gov. You may get copies of this information, with payment of a duplication fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov. You may need to refer to the Fund’s file number.

If someone makes a statement about the Fund that is not in this prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the Fund nor the Distributor is offering to sell shares of the Fund to any person to whom the Fund may not lawfully sell its shares.

How to Reach Stone Ridge Trust

Please send all requests for information or transactions to:

Stone Ridge Trust

c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services

615 East Michigan Street

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202

You may contact us by telephone at (855) 609-3680.

You can also visit our website at:

www.stoneridgefunds.com

Distributor

[                ]

[                ]

[                ]

Investment Adviser

Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC

510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, New York 10022

Investment Company Act File Number: 811-22761


STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

STONE RIDGE TRUST

NYDIG BITCOIN STRATEGY FUND II

 

Class I    [                ]
Class M    [                ]

[                ], 2021

 

 

510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, NY 10022

(855) 609-3680

 

 

Stone Ridge Trust consists of four series, including the NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II (the “Fund”). Additional Stone Ridge Trust funds are offered in separate prospectuses and statements of additional information.

The Fund is an investment portfolio of Stone Ridge Trust, an open-end series management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust.

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by the Fund’s current prospectus dated [                ], 2021, as supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. Copies of the Prospectus and/or Annual Report may be obtained without charge by writing the Fund at the address, or by calling the toll-free telephone number, listed above.

 


STONE RIDGE TRUST

NYDIG BITCOIN STRATEGY FUND II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION, RISKS AND RESTRICTIONS     1  
 
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS     6  
 
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND     7  
 
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES     10  
 
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES     11  
 
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES     11  
 
TAX STATUS     17  
 
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE     28  
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST     30  
 
PURCHASES AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES     30  
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     31  
 
APPENDIX A     A-1  
 
APPENDIX B     B-1  
 


ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION, RISKS AND RESTRICTIONS

The Prospectus discusses the investment objective of the Fund, as well as the principal investment strategies it employs to achieve its objective and the principal investment risks associated with those strategies. Additional information about the strategies and other investment practices the Fund may employ and certain related risks of the Fund are described below. The Fund is a non-diversified investment portfolio of Stone Ridge Trust (the “Trust”), an open-end series management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on September 28, 2012.

There is no assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. Additionally, since the Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy, the Fund’s investment objective may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) without a vote of shareholders.

Capitalized terms used in this SAI and not otherwise defined have the meanings given to them in the Prospectus. References in this SAI to the Fund investing in any instrument, security or strategy includes direct or indirect investment, including gaining exposure through derivatives or other investment companies.

Additional Investment Information and Risks

Additional Information Regarding Leverage. The Fund will seek to achieve and maintain the Target Exposure by using leverage through futures contracts, which will provide leveraged exposure to the underlying asset to the extent the notional exposure provided by the futures contract exceeds the margin posted by the Fund, and through reverse repurchase agreements. Although the use of leverage may create an opportunity for increased returns of the Fund, it also results in additional risks and can magnify the effect of any losses and thus could negatively impact the Fund’s business and results of operation and have important adverse consequences to the Fund’s investments. The loss on leverage transactions may substantially exceed the initial investment.

The terms of financing arrangements entered into by the Fund may restrict the Fund’s operating flexibility, including covenants that, among others, may limit the Fund’s ability to: (i) pay distributions in certain circumstances, (ii) incur additional debt and (iii) engage in certain transactions. If the Fund secures its leverage through the pledging of collateral, the Fund may, if the Fund is unable to generate sufficient cash flow to meet principal and interest payments on its indebtedness, be subject to risk that it is required to surrender its collateral and that such collateral may be liquidated at inopportune times or at prices that are not favorable to the Fund and cause significant losses. If a lender seizes and liquidates pledged collateral, such collateral may be sold at distressed price levels. The Fund will fail to realize the full value of such asset in a distressed sale.

The Fund may be required to pay commitment fees and other costs of borrowings under the terms of a credit facility. Moreover, interest on borrowings will be an expense of the Fund. With the use of borrowings, there is a risk that the interest rates paid by the Fund on the amount it borrows will be higher than the return on the Fund’s investments. Such additional costs and expenses may affect the operating results of the Fund.

During the economic downturn that began in 2008, the U.S. capital markets experienced historic dislocations and liquidity disruptions, which caused financing to be unavailable in many cases and, even if available, caused the cost of prospective financings to increase. These circumstances materially impacted liquidity in the debt markets, making financing terms for borrowers able to find financing less attractive, and in many cases have resulted in the unavailability of certain types of debt financing. Uncertainty in the debt and equity markets may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to access financing on favorable terms or at all. The inability to obtain additional financing could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s operations and on its ability to meet its debt obligations. If it is unable to refinance any of its indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, the Fund’s returns may be harmed.

Floating Rate and Variable Rate Obligations. The Fund can invest in debt securities that have floating or variable interest rates.

Because the interest rates on floating rate bonds adjust periodically to reflect current market rates, falling short-term interest rates should tend to decrease the income payable to the Fund on its floating rate investments and rising rates should tend to increase that income. However, investments in floating rate and variable rate obligations should also mitigate the fluctuations in the Fund’s net asset value during periods of changing interest rates, compared to changes in values of fixed-rate debt securities. Nevertheless, changes in interest rates can affect the value of the Fund’s floating rate investments, especially if rates change sharply in a short period, because the resets of the interest rates on the investments occur periodically and will not all happen simultaneously with changes in prevailing rates. Having a shorter average reset period for its portfolio of investments may help mitigate that risk.

 

1


The interest rate on a floating rate demand note is adjusted automatically according to a stated prevailing market rate, such as the Prime Rate, the 91-day U.S. Treasury Bill rate or some other standard. The instrument’s rate is adjusted automatically each time the base rate is adjusted. The interest rate on a variable rate note is also based on a stated prevailing market rate but is adjusted automatically at specified intervals. Generally, the changes in the interest rate on such securities reduce the fluctuation in their market value. As interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or depreciation is less than that for fixed-rate obligations of the same maturity.

Floating rate and variable rate demand notes that have a stated maturity in excess of one year may have features that permit the holder to recover the principal amount of the underlying security at specified intervals not exceeding one year and upon no more than 30 days’ notice. The issuer of that type of note normally has a corresponding right in its discretion, after a given period, to prepay the outstanding principal amount of the note plus accrued interest. Generally, the issuer must provide a specified number of days’ notice to the holder. The Fund can also invest in step-coupon bonds that have a coupon rate that changes periodically during the life of the security on pre-determined dates that are set when the security is issued.

Future Use of LIBOR Risk. The Fund’s payment obligations, financing terms and investments in certain instruments (including debt securities and derivatives) may be tied to floating rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). LIBOR is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. On March 5, 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) and LIBOR’s administrator, ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”), announced that most LIBOR settings will no longer be published after the end of 2021 and a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will no longer be published after June 30, 2023. It is possible that the FCA may compel the IBA to publish a subset of LIBOR settings after these dates on a “synthetic” basis, but any such publications would be considered non-representative of the underlying market. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies. Various financial industry groups have been planning for transition away from LIBOR, but there are obstacles to converting certain securities and transactions to new reference rates. Markets are developing slowly and questions around liquidity in these rates and how to appropriately adjust these rates to mitigate any economic value transfer at the time of transition remain a significant concern. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund. The transition process may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR. The transition may also result in a reduction in the value of certain LIBOR-based investments held by the Fund or reduce the effectiveness of related transactions such as hedges. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses for the Fund. Since the usefulness of LIBOR as a benchmark could also deteriorate during the transition period, effects could occur prior to the end of the publication of the relevant LIBOR setting.

Money Market Instruments. The Fund may invest in money market instruments, which are U.S. dollar-denominated, high-quality, short-term debt obligations, to provide liquidity, for temporary defensive purposes, or for other purposes. Money market instruments may have fixed, variable or floating interest rates. Examples of money market instruments include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government (or any of its agencies or instrumentalities); bank obligations, such as time deposits, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances; commercial paper; and variable amount master demand notes.

Additional Information Regarding Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund enters into reverse repurchase agreements with banks and brokers, with the Fund as the initial seller of securities to the banks or brokers. In this case, a reverse repurchase agreement involves a sale by the Fund of portfolio securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive principal and interest payments on the securities.

If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use of proceeds from the sale of its securities may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines whether to honor the Fund’s right to repurchase the securities. Furthermore, in that situation the Fund may be unable to recover the securities it sold in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement and as a result would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them. This loss would be greater to the extent the buyer paid less than the value of the securities the Fund sold to it (e.g., a buyer may only be willing to pay $95 for a security with a market value of $100). The Fund’s use of reverse repurchase agreements also subjects the Fund to interest costs based on the difference between the sale and repurchase price of a security involved in such a transaction. Additionally, reverse repurchase agreements entail the same risks as OTC derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty to the reverse repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, that the parties may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected.

 

2


In October 2020, the Commission adopted Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act (“Rule 18f-4”). As required by Rule 18f-4, the Fund has adopted and implemented a derivatives risk management program to govern its use of derivatives. The Fund’s derivatives risk management program includes policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to manage the Fund’s derivatives risks. As required by Rule 18f-4, the Fund’s derivatives exposure (including its use of futures contracts and reverse repurchase agreements) is limited through a value-at-risk (“VaR”) test. Very generally, VaR is an estimate of an instrument’s or portfolio’s potential losses over a given time horizon and at a specified confidence level. Rule 18f-4 may restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in certain derivatives transactions and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions, which could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and/or performance of the Fund. While elements prescribed by Rule 18f-4 such as the derivatives risk management program and the VaR limit are designed to assist in the assessment and management of derivatives risk, there is no guarantee they will be effective in reducing the risks inherent in the Fund’s derivative investments.

Legal and Regulatory Risk. The Fund may be adversely affected by new (or revised) laws or regulations that may be imposed by the CFTC, the Commission, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, or other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets. The Fund may also be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules. In addition, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The CFTC, the Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action.

New regulations could, among other things, adversely affect the value of the investments held by the Fund, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in certain derivatives transactions (for example, by making certain types of derivatives transactions no longer available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (for example, by increasing margin or capital requirements) and the Fund’s ability to execute certain investment strategies may be adversely affected as a result. It is unclear how the regulatory changes will affect counterparty risk.

Controlled Foreign Corporation. The Subsidiary is a controlled foreign corporation (a “CFC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A U.S. person that owns (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation or 10% or more of the total value of shares of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a “U.S. Shareholder” of such foreign corporation for purposes of the CFC provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Fund is a U.S. Shareholder of the Subsidiary and owns 100% of all classes of stock of the Subsidiary. As a result, the Subsidiary is treated as a CFC and the Fund will generally be required to take into account each year, as ordinary income, its share of certain amounts of the Subsidiary’s income, whether or not the Subsidiary distributes such amounts to the Fund. The Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of cash generated by such investments, potentially requiring the Fund to borrow money or to dispose of certain investments to make the distributions required to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company under subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Code (“RIC”) and to eliminate a Fund-level tax and could affect the amount, timing and character of the Fund’s distributions.

Management and Operational Risk; Cyber-Security Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Adviser’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The Fund runs the risk that the Adviser’s investment techniques will fail to produce desired results and cause the Fund to incur significant losses. The Adviser may select investments that do not perform as anticipated by the Adviser, may choose to hedge or not to hedge positions at disadvantageous times and may fail to use derivatives effectively. In addition, the Adviser’s workforce, as well as the workforces of the Fund’s other service providers and counterparties, may also be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic or efforts to mitigate the pandemic, including government-mandated shutdowns, requests or orders for employees to work remotely, and other social distancing measures, which could result in an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to conduct its business.

Any imperfections, errors, or limitations in quantitative analyses and models used by the Adviser as part of its investment process could affect the Fund’s performance. Models that appear to explain prior market data can fail to predict future market events. Further, the data used in models may be inaccurate or may not include the most recent information about a company or a security.

The Fund also is subject to the risk of loss as a result of other services provided by the Adviser and other service providers, including pricing, administrative, accounting, tax, legal, custody, transfer agency and other services. Operational risk includes the possibility of loss caused by inadequate procedures and controls, human error and cyber-attacks, disruptions, and failures affecting, or by, a service provider. For example, trading delays or errors (both human and systematic) could prevent the Fund from benefiting from potential investment gains or avoiding losses.

 

3


The Fund and its service providers’ use of internet, technology and information systems may expose the Fund to potential risks linked to cyber-security breaches of those technological or information systems. Cyber-security breaches could allow unauthorized parties to gain access to proprietary information, customer data or Fund assets, or cause the Fund or its service providers to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. With the increased use of technology, mobile device and cloud-based service offerings and the dependence on the internet and computer systems to perform necessary business functions, investment companies (such as the Fund) and their service providers (including the Adviser) may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or other technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, ransomware, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund, the Adviser, or the custodian, transfer agent, or other third-party service provider may adversely affect the Fund or its shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, interfere with quantitative models, affect the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, result in theft of Fund assets, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Similar types of cyber-security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests or such issuers’ counterparties, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and could cause the Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value. While the Adviser has established business continuity plans and systems that it believes are reasonably designed to prevent cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been, or cannot be, identified. Service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Adviser or the Fund, each of whom could be negatively impacted as a result.

Redemption Risk. The Fund may need to sell portfolio securities to meet redemption requests. Under certain circumstances, the Fund could experience a loss when selling portfolio securities to meet redemption requests, including in the event of (i) significant redemption activity by shareholders, including when a single investor or a few large investors make a significant redemption of Fund shares, (ii) a disruption in the normal operation of the markets in which the Fund buys and sells portfolio securities or (iii) the Fund’s inability to sell certain portfolio securities because such securities are illiquid. In such circumstances, the Fund could be forced to sell portfolio securities at unfavorable prices in an effort to generate sufficient cash to pay redeeming shareholders. The Fund may suspend redemptions or the payment of redemption proceeds when permitted by applicable regulations.

Epidemic and Pandemic Risk. The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in December 2019 and has spread worldwide, has caused many governments to implement measures to slow the spread of the outbreak through quarantines, travel restrictions, heightened border scrutiny and other measures. The outbreak and government measures taken in response have also had a significant impact, both directly and indirectly, on businesses and commerce, as worker shortages have occurred, supply chains have been disrupted, facilities and production have been suspended, and demand for certain goods and services, such as medical services and supplies, has spiked, while demand for other goods and services, such as travel, has fallen. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the economies of many nations or the entire global economy, the financial performance of individual issuers, borrowers and sectors and the health of capital markets and other markets generally in potentially significant and unforeseen ways. The COVID-19 crisis has also exacerbated other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or globally. Other public health crises that may arise in the future could have similar or other unforeseen effects. The duration of the COVID-19 outbreak or any such future outbreak and its effects cannot be determined with certainty. The COVID-19 outbreak has led, and in the future the COVID-19 outbreak or other future public health crises could lead, to a significant economic downturn or recession, increased market volatility, a greater number of market closures, higher default rates and adverse effects on the values and liquidity of securities or other assets. Such impacts, which may vary across asset classes, may adversely affect the performance of the Fund’s investments, the Fund and your investment in the Fund. The impact of COVID-19 or any future public health crisis may also heighten the other risks disclosed in the Prospectus or SAI.

Illiquid Securities. Illiquid investments include investments that the Adviser reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in seven calendar days or less under then-current market conditions without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. The Fund may hold illiquid securities, including, among other instruments, securities of private issuers, securities traded in unregulated or shallow markets and securities that are purchased in private placements and are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Because relatively few purchasers of these securities may exist, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuer’s financial condition, the Fund may not be able to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in such investments at a desirable price or time. Disposing of illiquid securities may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible.

 

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Expense Risk. Your actual costs of investing in the Fund may be higher than the expenses shown in “Annual Fund Operating Expenses” for a variety of reasons. For example, expense ratios may be higher than those shown if overall net assets decrease. The Fund’s expense limitation agreement, which generally remains in effect for a period of one year, mitigates this risk. However, there is no assurance that the Adviser will renew such expense limitation agreement from year-to-year.

Portfolio Turnover. Purchases and sales of portfolio investments may be made as considered advisable by the Adviser in the best interests of the shareholders. The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year-to-year, as well as within a year. Higher portfolio turnover rates can result in corresponding increases in portfolio transaction costs for the Fund and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account.

For reporting purposes, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the Fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. The Fund may engage in active and frequent trading to try to achieve its investment objective. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

Investment Restrictions

Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The following investment restrictions of the Fund are designated as fundamental policies and as such cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, a “majority” vote is defined as the vote of the holders of the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented by proxy at the meeting; or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Under these restrictions, the Fund:

(1) may issue senior securities to the extent permitted by applicable law;

(2) may borrow money to the extent permitted by applicable law;

(3) may underwrite securities to the extent permitted by applicable law;

(4) may purchase or sell real estate to the extent permitted by applicable law;

(5) may make loans to the extent permitted by applicable law;

(6) may purchase or sell commodities to the extent permitted by applicable law; and

(7) may not invest more than 25% of its net assets in a particular industry or group of industries (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities).

For purposes of Fundamental Investment Restriction (7), foreign governments, supranational entities and bitcoin and bitcoin-related instruments, including bitcoin futures contracts and pooled investment vehicles that invest directly or indirectly in bitcoin, are not considered to be part of any industry or industries.

Where applicable, the foregoing investment restrictions shall be interpreted based on the applicable rules, regulations and pronouncements of the Commission and its Staff.

Summary of 1940 Act Restrictions on Certain Activities

All percentage limitations on investments will apply at the time of investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment, except that with respect to Fundamental Investment Restriction (2) above, the Fund will take steps to restore the asset coverage ratio required under applicable law within three days after such deficiency occurs (excluding Sundays and holidays) or such longer period as may be permitted by applicable regulations. Except for the investment restrictions listed above as fundamental or to the extent designated as such in the Prospectus, the other investment policies described in this SAI or in the Prospectus are not fundamental and may be changed by approval of the Board. As an open-end investment company, the Fund may not acquire any illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets.

 

5


Temporary Defensive Positions

Normally, the Fund invests substantially all of its assets to meet its investment objective. The Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in securities with remaining maturities of less than one year or cash equivalents, or may hold cash. For temporary defensive purposes, including during periods of unusual cash flows, the Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies and invest part or all of its assets in these securities or may hold cash. The Fund may adopt defensive strategies when the Adviser believes securities in which the Fund normally invests have special or unusual risks or are less attractive due to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions.

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Fund, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Fund’s portfolio holdings that are not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Holdings”) and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

The holdings of the Fund currently are disclosed in quarterly filings with the Commission on Form N-PORT as of the end of the first and third quarters of the Fund’s fiscal year and on Form N-CSR as of the second and fourth quarters of the Fund’s fiscal year. In addition, the Fund may disclose to the general public its holdings information from time to time.

The Trust may disclose Confidential Portfolio Holdings to certain persons, including shareholders of the Trust (including shareholders of record of indirect investments in the Fund through another fund managed by the Adviser), qualified potential shareholders as determined by the Adviser (including qualified potential shareholders who are considering an indirect investment in the Fund through another fund managed by the Adviser), and their consultants or agents (“Permitted Recipients”). This information may be made available as soon as the business day following the date to which the information relates.

Except as otherwise noted, to receive Confidential Portfolio Holdings, Permitted Recipients must enter into a confidentiality agreement with the Adviser and the Trust that requires that the Confidential Portfolio Holdings be used solely for purposes determined by senior management of the Adviser to be in the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund.

If the Adviser becomes aware that a recipient has or is likely to violate the terms of a confidentiality agreement regarding Confidential Portfolio Holdings, the Adviser shall cease providing such information to such recipient.

If an employee of the Adviser identifies a potential conflict with respect to the disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Holdings between the interest of the Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and the Adviser or an affiliated person of the Adviser or the Fund, on the other, the Adviser is required to inform the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) of the potential conflict, and the CCO has the power to decide whether, in light of the circumstances, disclosure should be permitted.

The Trust may also disclose Confidential Portfolio Holdings on a selective basis if the CCO (or an individual designated by the CCO) approves the disclosure and determines that: (i) there is a legitimate business purpose for such disclosure; (ii) recipients are subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the nonpublic information; and (iii) the disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Portfolio Holdings of the Fund may generally be made available more frequently and prior to its public availability (i) to the Adviser, the Fund’s administrator, custodian, principal underwriter and certain other service providers (such as pricing services, proxy voting services, financial printers, pricing information vendors, third parties that deliver analytical, statistical, or consulting services, ratings and rankings agencies and other unaffiliated third parties or their affiliates that provide services and may require Confidential Portfolio Holdings to provide services to the Fund) (collectively, “Service Providers”); (ii) to an accounting firm, an auditing firm or outside legal counsel retained by the Service Providers, their affiliates, or the Fund; (iii) to certain Fund affiliates; (iv) as required by law and (v) to any other party for a legitimate business purpose upon waiver or exception with the approval of the CCO.

The policies and procedures of the Fund provide that none of the Fund, its service providers, the Adviser, or any other party may receive compensation in connection with the disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Holdings.

The Adviser has primary responsibility for ensuring that the Fund’s Confidential Portfolio Holdings are disclosed only in accordance with these policies. As part of this responsibility, the Adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Holdings.

 

6


MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

Board of Trustees

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the oversight of the Board subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Trust’s Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”). The Trustees are responsible for oversight of the practices and processes of the Fund and its service providers, rather than active management of the Fund, including in matters relating to risk management. The Trustees seek to understand the key risks facing the Fund, including those involving conflicts of interest; how Fund management identifies and monitors those risks on an ongoing basis; how Fund management develops and implements controls to mitigate those risks; and how Fund management tests the effectiveness of those controls. The Board cannot foresee, know or guard against all risks, nor are the Trustees guarantors against risk. The officers of the Fund conduct and supervise the Fund’s daily business operations. Trustees who are not deemed to be “interested persons” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act are referred to as “Independent Trustees.” Trustees who are deemed to be “interested persons” of the Fund are referred to as “Interested Trustees.”

The Board meets as often as necessary to discharge its responsibilities. Currently, the Board conducts regular quarterly meetings, including in-person, telephonic or videoconference meetings, and holds special in-person or telephonic meetings as necessary to address specific issues that require attention prior to the next regularly scheduled meeting. At these meetings, officers of the Trust provide the Board (or one of its committees) with written and oral reports on regulatory and compliance matters, operational and service provider matters, organizational developments, product proposals, audit results and insurance and fidelity bond coverage. In addition, it is expected that the Independent Trustees meet at least annually to review, among other things, investment management agreements and certain plans and other agreements and to consider such other matters as they deem appropriate.

The Board has established two standing committees — an Audit Committee and a Valuation Committee — to assist the Board in its oversight of risk as part of its broader oversight of the Fund’s affairs. The Committees, both of which are comprised solely of the Board’s Independent Trustees, are described below. The Board may establish other committees, or nominate one or more Trustees to examine particular issues related to the Board’s oversight responsibilities, from time to time. Each Committee meets periodically to perform its delegated oversight functions and reports its findings and recommendations to the Board.

The Board does not have a lead Independent Trustee. The Board, taking into consideration its oversight responsibility of the Fund, including the Fund’s regular use of fair valuation and the Board’s extensive experience overseeing the development and implementation of fair valuation processes, believes that its leadership structure is appropriate. In addition, the Board’s use of Committees (each of which is chaired by an Independent Trustee with substantial industry experience) and the chair’s role as chief executive officer of the Adviser, serve to enhance the Board’s understanding of the operations of the Fund and the Adviser.

Board members of the Trust, together with information as to their positions with the Trust, principal occupations and other board memberships, are shown below. Unless otherwise noted, each Trustee has held each principal occupation and board membership indicated for at least the past five years. Each Trustee’s mailing address is c/o Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC, 510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York 10022.

 

7


Independent Trustees

 

Name

(Year of Birth)

  Position(s) Held
with the Trust
  Term of Office
and Length of
Time Served(1)
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During the Past 5 Years

  Number of Portfolios
in the Fund Complex
Overseen by Trustee(2)
 

Other Directorships/
Trusteeships Held by
Trustee During the
Past 5 Years

Jeffery Ekberg

(1965)

  Trustee   since 2012   Self-employed (personal investing), since 2011; Principal, TPG Capital, L.P. (private equity firm) until 2011; Chief Financial Officer, Newbridge Capital, LLC (subsidiary of TPG Capital, L.P.) until 2011   52   None.

Daniel Charney

(1970)

  Trustee   since 2012   Co-President, Cowen and Company, Cowen Inc. (financial services firm) since 2012   52   None.

Interested Trustee

 

Name

(Year of Birth)

  Position(s) Held
with the Trust
  Term of Office
and Length of
Time Served(1)
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During the Past 5 Years

  Number of Portfolios
in the Fund Complex
Overseen by Trustee(2)
 

Other Directorships/
Trusteeships Held
by Trustee During
the Past 5 Years

Ross Stevens(3)

(1969)

  Trustee,
Chairman
  since 2012   Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Stone Ridge since 2012   52   None.

 

(1)

Each Trustee serves until resignation or removal from the Board.

(2)

The Fund Complex includes the Trust and Stone Ridge Trust II, Stone Ridge Trust IV, Stone Ridge Trust V, Stone Ridge Trust VI, Stone Ridge Residential Real Estate Income Fund I, Inc., Stone Ridge Longevity Risk Premium Fixed Income Master Trust 2045 and trusts that invest substantially all of their assets in a series of Stone Ridge Longevity Risk Premium Fixed Income Master Trust 2045, other investment companies managed by the Adviser.

(3)

Mr. Stevens is an “interested person” of the Trust, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, due to his position with the Adviser.

Additional Information About the Trustees.

Jeffery Ekberg — Through his experience as a senior officer, director and accountant of financial and other organizations, Mr. Ekberg contributes experience overseeing financial and investment organizations to the Board. The Board also benefits from his previous experience as a member of the board of other funds.

Daniel Charney — Through his experience as a senior officer of financial and other organizations, Mr. Charney contributes his experience in the investment management industry to the Board.

Ross Stevens — Through his experience as a senior executive of financial organizations, Mr. Stevens contributes his experience in the investment management industry to the Board.

Additional Information About the Board’s Committees. The Trust has an Audit Committee and a Valuation Committee. The members of both the Audit Committee and the Valuation Committee consist of all the Independent Trustees, namely Messrs. Ekberg and Charney. Mr. Ekberg is the Audit Committee Chair and has been designated as the Audit Committee financial expert. Mr. Charney is the Valuation Committee Chair.

In accordance with its written charter, the Audit Committee’s primary purposes are: (1) to oversee the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, and its internal controls and procedures; (2) to oversee the quality and objectivity of the Trust’s and the Fund’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (3) to oversee the activities of the CCO; (4) to oversee the Trust’s compliance program adopted pursuant to Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act, and the Trust’s implementation and enforcement of its compliance policies and procedures thereunder; (5) to oversee the Trust’s compliance with applicable laws in foreign jurisdictions, if any; and (6) to oversee compliance with the Code of Ethics by the Trust and the Adviser.

The Audit Committee reviews the scope of the Fund’s audits, the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls. The Audit Committee approves, and recommends to the Independent Trustees for their ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and approves the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Fund by the independent registered public accounting firm and all permissible non-audit services provided by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to the Adviser and any affiliated service providers if the engagement relates directly to the Fund’s operations and financial reporting. The Audit Committee met [five] times during the fiscal year ended [October 31, 2020].

 

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The Valuation Committee also operates pursuant to a written charter. The duties and powers, to be exercised at such times and in such manner as the Valuation Committee shall deem necessary or appropriate, are as follows: (1) reviewing, from time to time, the Trust’s valuation policy and procedures (the “Valuation Policy”), which Valuation Policy serves to establish policies and procedures for the valuation of the Fund’s assets; (2) making any recommendations to the Trust’s audit committee and/or the Board regarding (i) the functioning of the Valuation Policy, or (ii) the valuation(s) of individual assets; (3) consulting with the Adviser regarding the valuation of the Fund’s assets, including fair valuation determinations of any such assets; (4) periodically reviewing information regarding fair value and other determinations made pursuant to the Trust’s valuation procedures; (5) reporting to the Board on a regular basis regarding the Valuation Committee’s duties; (6) making recommendations in conjunction with the Board’s annual (or other periodical) review of the Trust’s Valuation Policy; (7) periodically reviewing information regarding industry developments in connection with valuation of assets; and (8) performing such other duties as may be assigned to it, from time to time, by the Board. The Valuation Committee met [four] times during the fiscal year ended [October 31, 2020].

Trustee Ownership of the Fund. The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the Fund and in other investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as of December 31, 2020. Investment companies are considered to be in the same family if they share the same investment adviser or principal underwriter and hold themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of investment and investor services. The information as to ownership of securities that appears below is based on statements furnished to the Fund by its Trustees and executive officers.

 

      

Dollar Range of
Equity Securities
in the Fund

    

Aggregate Dollar
Range of Equity
Securities in All
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies(1)

Independent Trustees          
Jeffery Ekberg      None      Over $100,000
Daniel Charney      None      Over $100,000
Interested Trustee          
Ross Stevens(2)      None      Over $100,000

 

(1)

Family of Investment Companies includes the Trust and Stone Ridge Trust II, Stone Ridge Trust IV and Stone Ridge Trust V, Stone Ridge Trust VI, Stone Ridge Residential Real Estate Income Fund I, Inc., Stone Ridge Longevity Risk Premium Fixed Income Master Trust 2045 and trusts that invest substantially all of their assets in a series of Stone Ridge Longevity Risk Premium Fixed Income Master Trust 2045, other investment companies managed by the Adviser.

(2)

Beneficial ownership through the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ investments in the Fund.

[None of the Independent Trustees or their family members beneficially owned any class of securities of the Adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund, or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser or the principal underwriter of the Fund, as of the date of this SAI.]

Compensation of Board Members. Each Trustee who is not an employee of the Adviser is compensated by an annual retainer. Each such Trustee’s compensation is invested in Stone Ridge funds. The Trust does not pay retirement benefits to its Trustees and officers. The Fund pays a portion of the compensation of the CCO. Other officers and Interested Trustees of the Trust are not compensated by the Fund. The following table sets forth compensation to be received by the Independent Trustees for the Fund’s initial fiscal year ending [                ]:

 

Independent Trustees

     Aggregate Compensation
From the Fund
     Total Compensation From the
Fund Complex(1) Paid to  Trustee
Jeffery Ekberg        $ [                 ]        $ [                 ]
Daniel Charney        $ [                 ]        $ [                 ]

 

(1)

The Fund Complex includes the Trust and Stone Ridge Trust II, Stone Ridge Trust IV and Stone Ridge Trust V, Stone Ridge Trust VI, Stone Ridge Residential Real Estate Income Fund I, Inc., Stone Ridge Longevity Risk Premium Fixed Income Master Trust 2045 and trusts that invest substantially all of their assets in a series of Stone Ridge Longevity Risk Premium Fixed Income Master Trust 2045, other investment companies managed by the Adviser.

 

9


Officers of the Trust

 

Name

(Year of Birth)

and Address(1) (2)

  

Position(s) Held

with the Trust

  

Term of Office

and Length of

Time Served(3)

  

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years

Ross Stevens

(1969)

   President, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer    since 2012    Founder of Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Adviser, since 2012.

Lauren D. Macioce

(1978)

  

Chief Compliance

Officer, Secretary, Chief Legal Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer

   since 2016    General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser, since 2016; prior to that Associate at Ropes & Gray LLP (law firm).

Anthony Zuco

(1975)

  

Treasurer,

Principal Financial Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer

   since 2018    Supervising Fund Controller at the Adviser, since 2015; prior to that Controller at Owl Creek Asset Management L.P. (investment advisory firm).

Alexander Nyren

(1980)

   Assistant Secretary    since 2018    Head of Reinsurance of the Adviser, since 2018; member of Reinsurance portfolio management team at the Adviser, since 2013.

David Thomas

(1980)

   Assistant Treasurer    since 2018    Member of Operations at the Adviser, since 2015; prior to that member of Operations at KCG Holdings, Inc. (financial services firm).

Leson Lee

(1975)

   Assistant Treasurer    since 2019    Member of Operations at the Adviser, since 2018; prior to that Treasury Manager at Eton Park Capital Management (investment advisory firm).
Domingo Encarnacion (1983)    Assistant Treasurer    since 2020    Tax Manager at the Adviser, since 2016; prior to that Tax Manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (accounting firm).

 

(1)

Each officer’s mailing address is c/o Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC, 510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10022.

(2)

Each of the officers is an affiliated person of the Adviser as a result of his or her position with the Adviser.

(3)

The term of office of each officer is indefinite.

Code of Ethics. The Trust and the Adviser have adopted a code of ethics in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. This code of ethics permits the personnel of these entities to invest in securities under some circumstances, including securities that the Fund may purchase or hold.

The code of ethics is available on the EDGAR database of the Commission’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, copies of the code of ethics may be obtained, after mailing the appropriate duplicating fee, by e-mail request to publicinfo@sec.gov.

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Attached as Appendix B to this SAI is the summary of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or any affiliated person

 

10


of the Fund or the Adviser, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser always endeavors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. Information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent prior 12-month period ending June 30 is available without charge, (1) upon request, by calling (855) 609-3680, and (2) on the Commission’s website at www.sec.gov.

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

As of the date of this SAI, Stone Ridge owned 100% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned, directly or indirectly, 100% of the outstanding shares of the Fund as a result of Ross Stevens’ beneficial ownership through the Adviser and its affiliates’ investments in the Fund.

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES

The Adviser

Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC is the Adviser of the Fund. The Adviser was organized as a Delaware limited liability company in 2012. The manager of the general partner of the managing member of the Adviser is Ross Stevens.

Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC serves as the Adviser of the Fund pursuant to an investment management agreement. The investment management agreement has an initial term of two years from its effective date and continues in effect with respect to the Fund (unless terminated sooner) if its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the affirmative vote of: (i) a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval; and (ii) a majority of the Board or the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. The investment management agreement may nevertheless be terminated at any time without penalty, on 60 days’ written notice, by the Board, by vote of holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or by the Adviser. The investment management agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

[Pursuant to the Fund’s investment management agreement, the Adviser agrees to manage the investment and reinvestment of the Fund’s assets, determine what investments will be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by the Fund and what portion, if any, of the assets of the Fund will be held uninvested, and continuously review, supervise and administer the investment program of the Fund. The Adviser bears its own operating and overhead expenses attributable to its duties under the investment management agreement (such as salaries, bonuses, rent, office and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, and auditing expenses), except that the Fund bears travel expenses (or an appropriate portion thereof) of Trustees or Fund officers who are partners, directors, trustees or employees of the Adviser to the extent that such expenses relate to attendance at meetings of the Board or any committees thereof or advisers thereto, and the Fund bears all or a portion of the expenses related to the Trust’s CCO, as may be approved by the Board from time to time.

The Fund bears all other costs of its operations, including ordinary administrative and operating expenses, including the management fee and all expenses associated with the pricing of Fund assets; risk management expenses; ordinary and recurring investment expenses, including all fees and expenses directly related to portfolio transactions and positions for the Fund’s account (including brokerage, clearing and settlement costs), custodial costs and interest charges; professional fees (including expenses of consultants, experts and specialists); fees and expenses in connection with repurchase offers and any repurchases or redemptions of Fund shares; expenses in connection with the filing of Form PQR; compensation of members of the Board of Trustees who are not directors, officers or employees of the Adviser or of any “affiliated person” (other than a registered investment company) of the Adviser; legal expenses (including legal and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the organization of the Fund and the offering of its shares); accounting and auditing expenses incurred in preparing, printing and delivering all reports (including such expenses incurred in connection with any Fund document) and tax information for shareholders and regulatory authorities; and all filing costs, fees, travel expenses and any other expenses directly related to the investment of the Fund’s assets. The Fund will pay any extraordinary expenses it may incur, including any litigation expenses.]

As compensation for its advisory services, the Fund pays the Adviser a fee, computed daily and paid monthly in arrears, at the annual rate of [    ]% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

11


Under the terms of the investment management agreement, neither the Adviser nor its affiliates shall be liable for losses or damages incurred by the Fund, unless such losses or damages are attributable to willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of either the Adviser or its affiliates or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the management contract (“disabling conduct”). In addition, the Fund will indemnify the Adviser and its affiliates and hold each of them harmless against any losses or damages not resulting from disabling conduct.

The Adviser contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or pay or otherwise bear operating and other expenses of the Fund or a Class thereof (including organizational and offering expenses, but excluding the Fund’s investment management fee, financial intermediary fees and expenses (including shareholder servicing fees and expenses, sub-transfer agency servicing fees and expenses and fees and expenses for custodial services rendered to shareholders), brokerage and transactional expenses, borrowing and other investment-related costs and fees including interest and commitment fees, short dividend expense, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, litigation and indemnification expenses, judgments and extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”)) solely to the extent necessary to limit the total annualized expenses, other than Excluded Expenses, of the applicable Class to the percentage specified below of the average daily net assets attributable to such Class.

 

Expense Cap

[    ]% for Class I Shares

[    ]% for Class M Shares

The Adviser shall be entitled to recoup in later periods expenses attributable to a Class that the Adviser has paid or otherwise borne (whether through reduction of its management fee or otherwise) to the extent that expenses for the Class of shares (including offering expenses, but excluding Excluded Expenses) after such recoupment do not exceed the lower of (i) the annual expense limitation rate in effect at the time of the actual waiver/reimbursement and (ii) the annual expense limitation rate in effect at the time of the recoupment; provided that the Adviser shall not be permitted to recoup any such fees or expenses beyond three years from the end of the month in which such fee was reduced or such expense was reimbursed.

Portfolio Managers

[                ], [                ] and [                ] are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. The following tables set forth certain additional information with respect to the Portfolio Managers. The information is as of [                ].

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers

The table below identifies the number of accounts for which the Portfolio Managers have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts.

 

                             
       Registered Investment
Companies
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts  

Portfolio Manager

     Number of
Accounts(1)
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number of
Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number of
Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 
[                ]        [       $ [                     [       $ [                     [       $ [                
[                ]        [       $ [                     [       $ [                     [       $ [                
[                ]        [       $ [                     [       $ [                     [       $ [                

 

(1)

Includes the Fund.

The table below identifies the number of accounts for which the Portfolio Managers have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts.

 

12


                             
       Registered Investment
Companies for which the
Adviser receives a
performance-based fee
    Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
managed for which the
Adviser receives a
performance-based fee
    Other Accounts managed
for which the Adviser
receives a

performance-based fee
 

Portfolio Manager

     Number of
Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number of
Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    Number of
Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
 
[                ]        [       $ [                     [       $ [                     [       $ [                
[                ]        [       $ [                     [       $ [                     [       $ [                
[                ]        [       $ [                     [       $ [                     [       $ [                

Potential Conflicts of Interest

Each of the Portfolio Managers is also responsible for managing other accounts in addition to the Fund, including other accounts of the Adviser or its affiliates. Other accounts may include other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, unregistered investment companies that rely on Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act, separately managed accounts, foreign investment companies and accounts or investments owned by the Adviser or its affiliates or the Portfolio Managers. Management of other accounts in addition to the Fund can present certain conflicts of interest, as described below.

From time to time, conflicts of interest arise between a Portfolio Manager’s management of the investments of the Fund, on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. The other accounts might have similar or different investment objectives or strategies as the Fund, or otherwise hold, purchase or sell securities or other assets or instruments that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Fund, or may take positions that are opposite in direction from those taken by the Fund. In addition, investors in, or the owners of, certain accounts managed by the Adviser are also investors in the Adviser or its affiliates and/or have indicated an intention to invest additional assets in accounts managed by the Adviser and for which the Adviser will receive a management fee.

As a fiduciary, the Adviser owes a duty of loyalty to its clients and must treat each client fairly. The Adviser and the Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to avoid, mitigate, monitor and oversee areas that could present potential conflicts of interest.

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A Portfolio Manager who is responsible for managing multiple accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those accounts. As a result, the Portfolio Manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of the accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single account. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where accounts overseen by a particular Portfolio Manager have different investment strategies.

Allocation of Investment Opportunities. Conflicts of interest arise as a result of the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ management of a number of accounts with similar or different investment strategies. When the Adviser or its affiliates purchase or sell securities or other assets or instruments for more than one account, the trades must be allocated in a manner consistent with their fiduciary duties. The Adviser and its affiliates attempt to allocate investments in a fair and equitable manner over time among client accounts, with no account receiving preferential treatment over time. To this end, the Adviser and its affiliates have adopted policies and procedures that are intended to provide the Adviser and its affiliates with flexibility to allocate investments in a manner that is consistent with their fiduciary duties. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser and its affiliates will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear.

An investment opportunity may be suitable for both the Fund and other accounts, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the Fund and the other accounts to participate fully. If a Portfolio Manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among these several accounts; as a result of these allocations, there may be instances in which the Fund will not participate in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts or the Fund may not be allocated the full amount of an investment opportunity. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Fund and another account. In addition, different account guidelines and/or differences within particular investment strategies may lead to the use of different investment practices for accounts with a similar investment strategy. Whenever decisions are made to buy or sell securities or other assets or instruments by the Fund and one or more of the other accounts simultaneously, the Adviser and its affiliates may aggregate the purchases and sales of the securities or other assets or instruments. The Adviser and its affiliates will not necessarily purchase or sell the same securities or other assets or instruments at the

 

13


same time, in the same direction or in the same proportionate amounts for all eligible accounts, particularly if different accounts have different amounts of capital under management by the Adviser or its affiliates, different amounts of investable cash available, different strategies or different risk tolerances. As a result, although the Adviser and its affiliates may manage different accounts with similar or identical investment objectives, or may manage accounts with different objectives that trade in the same securities or other assets or instruments, the portfolio decisions relating to these accounts, and the performance resulting from such decisions, may differ from account to account, and the trade allocation and aggregation and other policies and procedures of the Fund or the Adviser and its affiliates could have a detrimental effect on the price or amount of the securities or other assets or instruments available to the Fund from time to time. Because the aforementioned considerations may differ between the Fund and other accounts, the investment activities of the Fund and other accounts may differ considerably from time to time. In addition, the Fund could be disadvantaged because of activities conducted by the Adviser or its affiliates for their other accounts, or by the Adviser or its affiliates for their own accounts, as a result of, among other things, the difficulty of liquidating an investment for more than one account where the market cannot absorb the sale of the combined positions.

As a result of regulations governing the ability of certain clients of the Adviser and its affiliates to invest side-by-side, it is possible that the Fund may not be permitted to participate in an investment opportunity at the same time as another fund or another account managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. These limitations may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to the Fund. The decision as to which accounts may participate in any particular investment opportunity will take into account applicable law and the suitability of the investment opportunity for, and the strategy of, the applicable accounts. It is possible that the Fund may be prevented from participating due to such investment opportunity being more appropriate, in the discretion of the Adviser and its affiliates, for another account.

Conflicts of Interest Among Strategies. At times, a Portfolio Manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security or other asset or instrument. In these cases, the Portfolio Manager may place separate transactions for one or more accounts, which may affect the market price of the security or other asset or instrument or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other accounts. Similarly, the Adviser or its affiliates may take positions in accounts or investments owned by them or on behalf of clients that are similar to or different from those taken by one or more client accounts.

Conflicts may also arise in cases when accounts invest in different parts of an issuer’s capital structure, including circumstances in which one or more accounts own private securities or obligations of an issuer and other accounts may own public securities of the same issuer. Actions by investors in one part of the capital structure could disadvantage investors in another part of the capital structure. In addition, purchases or sales of the same investment may be made for two or more accounts on the same date. There can be no assurance that an account will not receive less (or more) of a certain investment than it would otherwise receive if this conflict of interest among accounts did not exist. In effecting transactions, it may not be possible, or consistent with the investment objectives of accounts, to purchase or sell securities or other assets or instruments at the same time or at the same prices.

Selection of Service Providers. The Adviser or its affiliates may be able to select or influence the selection of service providers to clients, including the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities or other transactions for the accounts that they supervise. In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers may provide the Adviser or its affiliates with brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain accounts than to others. In addition, the Adviser or its affiliates have received and may receive loans or other services from service providers to clients. Although such services are negotiated at arm’s length, they pose conflicts of interest to the Adviser or its affiliates in selecting such service providers.

Related Business Opportunities. The Adviser or its affiliates may provide more services (such as distribution or recordkeeping) for some types of accounts than for others. In such cases, a Portfolio Manager may benefit, either directly or indirectly, by devoting disproportionate attention to the management of accounts that provide greater overall returns to the Adviser and its affiliates.

Affiliates of the Adviser own and trade bitcoin and bitcoin-related derivatives for their own account, and in the ordinary course of their business provide bitcoin-focused asset management, custody, trading, financing and technology services to their clients. The Fund invests in pooled investment vehicles that invest directly or indirectly in bitcoin, and such pooled investment vehicles may engage one or more affiliates of the Adviser as service providers (e.g., for bitcoin custody or execution services). These affiliates of the Adviser would receive compensation in

 

14


exchange for their services, which creates a potential conflict of interest by giving the Adviser an incentive to invest in pooled investment vehicles that use one or more of the Adviser’s affiliates as service providers rather than in pooled investment vehicles that utilize unaffiliated service providers, even if investing in the latter would be better for the Fund (i.e., with lower costs and/or less tracking error with respect to the price of bitcoin).

Broad and Wide-Ranging Activities. The Adviser and its related parties engage in a broad spectrum of activities and may expand the range of services that they provide over time. The Adviser and its related parties will generally not be restricted in the scope of their business or in the performance of any such services (whether now offered or undertaken in the future), even if such activities could give rise to conflicts of interest, and whether or not such conflicts are described herein. In the ordinary course of their business activities, including activities with third-party service providers, lenders and/or counterparties, the Adviser and its related parties engage in activities where the interests of the Adviser and its related parties or the interests of their clients’ conflict with the interests of the shareholders of the Fund. Certain employees of the Adviser, including certain Portfolio Managers, also have responsibilities relating to the business of one or more related parties. These employees are not restricted in the amount of time that may be allocated to the business activities of the Adviser’s related parties, and the allocation of such employees’ time between the Adviser and its related parties may change over time.

Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest arises where the financial or other benefits available to the Adviser differ among the accounts that it manages. The structure of the Adviser’s management fee differs among accounts (such as where certain accounts pay higher management fees or a performance or incentive fee), which means the Adviser might be motivated to help certain accounts over others. In addition, a Portfolio Manager or the Adviser might be motivated to favor accounts in which such Portfolio Manager has an interest or in which the Adviser and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain or raise assets under management or to enhance the Adviser’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the Adviser to lend preferential treatment to those accounts that could most significantly benefit the Adviser.

Investments in the Fund by the Adviser. The Adviser or its affiliates purchase shares from the Fund from time to time, and may hold a material position in the Fund. The Adviser or its affiliates face conflicting interests in determining whether, when and in what amount to redeem Fund shares. If the Adviser or its affiliate redeems a signification amount of Fund shares, this may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is required to sell investments when it would not otherwise do so.

Investments by Adviser or Related Entities. The Adviser, its affiliates and/or related entities have made investments in bitcoin, other digital assets and instruments linked to digital assets, including bitcoin futures contracts, for its or their own accounts, prior to the commencement of investment operations of the Fund, and may continue to do so following the commencement of investment operations of the Fund. Affiliates of the Adviser have made and may in the future make additional investments in bitcoin, other digital assets and/or instruments linked to digital assets, including bitcoin futures contracts, on behalf of their customers.

In addition, the Adviser or a related entity may invest in entities that may act as sources of leverage for the Fund. The Adviser or a related entity may invest in entities that may provide financial or other services for the Fund.

Certain Potential Conflicts Relating to Expenses. The allocation of fees and expenses among the Fund and other funds or accounts advised by the Adviser will often require the Adviser to exercise its discretion to select an allocation method it determines to be appropriate in light of the particular facts and circumstances. The Adviser will be subject to conflicts of interest in making such determinations, and there can be no assurance that any allocations (i) will reflect an entity’s pro rata share of such expenses based on the amounts invested (or anticipated to be invested) and/or the market value of the investment held (or anticipated to be held) by each fund advised by the Adviser, or (ii) will be in proportion to the number of participating funds advised by the Adviser or the proportion of time spent on each such fund. Similarly, the determination of whether an expense (for instance, the fees and expenses of service providers who work on Fund-related matters) is appropriately borne by the Fund (or a specific class of shares) or the Adviser often cannot be resolved by reference to a pre-existing formula and will require the exercise of discretion, and the Adviser will be subject to conflicts of interest in making such determinations.

Portfolio Manager Compensation

Portfolio Managers receive a base salary and may also receive a bonus. Compensation of a Portfolio Manager is determined at the discretion of the Adviser and may be deferred. It may be based on a number of factors including the Portfolio Manager’s experience, responsibilities, the perception of the quality of his or her work efforts, and the consistency with which he or she demonstrates kindness to other employees, trading counterparties, vendors and clients. As a firm focused on beta, the compensation of Portfolio Managers is not based upon the performance of client accounts that the Portfolio Managers manage. The Adviser reviews the compensation of each Portfolio Manager at least annually.

 

15


Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership

None of the Portfolio Managers listed in the above table beneficially owned any shares of the Fund as of the date of this SAI because the Fund had not yet commenced operations.

Principal Underwriter

Subject to the conditions described in the “Shareholder Information” section of the Prospectus, shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis through [                ] (the “Distributor”), located at [                ], as distributor pursuant to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) between the Distributor and the Trust, on behalf of the Fund. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor shall devote its best efforts to effect sales of shares of the Fund but shall not be obligated to sell any certain number of shares. The Distributor receives no compensation from the Fund for distribution of the Fund’s shares.

Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1

As described in the Prospectus, the Fund has adopted a Rule 12b-1 plan for its Class M shares (the “12b-1 Plan”). The 12b-1 Plan, among other things, permits the Class M share class of the Fund to pay Rule 12b-1 fees to financial intermediaries through the Distributor at annual rates not exceeding [    ]% of the average daily net assets of the Class M share class of the Fund, such fee to be calculated and accrued daily and paid monthly. Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, the 12b-1 Plan (together with the Distribution Agreement) were approved by the Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the 12b-1 Plan or the Distribution Agreement. The 12b-1 Plan is intended to benefit the Class M shares by providing additional ongoing shareholder services to Class M shareholders.

The 12b-1 Plan may be terminated by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Class M shares of the Fund. The 12b-1 Plan may be amended by a vote of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. Any change in the 12b-1 Plan that would materially increase the fees payable thereunder by the Class M shares of the Fund requires approval by a vote of the holders of a majority of such shares outstanding. The Board reviews quarterly a written report detailing the costs that have been incurred.

The 12b-1 Plan will continue in effect for successive one-year periods; provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the entire Board cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding Class M shares.

No Independent Trustee has any direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, no interested person of the Fund has any direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan except to the extent that the Distributor, the Adviser or certain of their employees may be deemed to have such an interest as a result of benefits derived from the successful operation of the 12b-1 Plan.

Other Service Providers

Administrator. The Trust has entered into an administration agreement with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (the “Administrator”) pursuant to which the Administrator provides administrative services to the Fund. The Administrator is responsible for (i) the general administrative duties associated with the day-to-day operations of the Fund; (ii) conducting relations with the custodian, independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel and other service providers; (iii) providing regulatory reporting; and (iv) providing necessary office space, equipment, personnel, compensation and facilities for handling the affairs of the Fund. In performing its duties and obligations under the administration agreement, the Administrator shall not be held liable except for a loss arising out of the Administrator’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the administration agreement or from its bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under the administration agreement.

U.S. Bank Global Fund Services also serves as fund accountant to the Fund under a separate agreement with the Trust and is responsible for calculating the Fund’s total NAV, total net income and NAV per share of the Fund on a daily basis.

Transfer Agent/Dividend Disbursing Agent. U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (the “Transfer Agent”) is the transfer agent for the Fund’s shares and the dividend disbursing agent for payment of dividends and distributions on Fund shares. The principal business address of the Transfer Agent is 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202.

 

16


Custodian. U.S. Bank NA (the “Custodian”), located at 1555 N. River Center Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian for the Fund. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of the Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to portfolio securities of the Fund. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Fund.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Ernst & Young LLP serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accountant. Ernst & Young LLP provides audit services and assistance and consultation in connection with the review of Commission filings and certain tax compliance services. Ernst & Young LLP is located at 220 South 6th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402.

Counsel. Ropes & Gray LLP serves as counsel to the Fund, and is located at 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199.

TAX STATUS

The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences of investment in the Fund is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), U.S. Treasury regulations and other applicable authority, as of the date of the preparation of this SAI. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Fund and does not address all aspects of taxation that may apply to shareholders or to particular shareholders. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding their particular situation and the possible application of federal, state, local or non-U.S. tax laws.

Taxation of the Fund

The Fund currently intends to elect to be treated and to qualify and be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, the Fund generally must, among other things:

 

  (a)

derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies, and (ii) net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined below);

 

  (b)

diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and

 

  (c)

distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid – generally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest income, for such year.

In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes because they meet the passive income requirement under Code section 7704(c)(2). In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

17


For purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above. In addition, if the Fund were to own 20% or more of the voting interests of a corporation, the Fund would be required to “look through” such corporation to its holdings and combine the appropriate percentage of such corporation’s assets with the Fund’s assets for purposes of satisfying the 25% diversification test described in (b)(ii) above.

Gains from foreign currencies (including foreign currency options, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency futures and foreign currency forward contracts) currently constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income test, described in (a) above. However, the Treasury Department has the authority to issue regulations (possibly with retroactive effect) excluding from the definition of “qualifying income” the Fund’s foreign currency gains to the extent that such income is not directly related to the Fund’s principal business of investing in stock or securities.

The Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC. The tax treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments under one or more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS or a change in law might affect the Fund’s ability to qualify for such treatment.

If the Fund qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). If the Fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution tests described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if the Fund were otherwise to fail to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment for such year, the Fund would be a “C corporation” and, as such, would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and may be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income” in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, that the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Fund’s shares (as described below). In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.

The Fund currently intends to distribute to its shareholders, at least annually, substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction), any net tax-exempt income and any net capital gains. Investment company taxable income that is retained by the Fund will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates. The Fund may also retain for investment its net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at the regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but it may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice mailed within 60 days of the close of the Fund’s taxable year to its shareholders who, in turn, (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on properly-filed U.S. tax returns to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Fund makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The Fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.

In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend, its taxable income and its earnings and profits, a RIC generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31, or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to any such portion of the taxable year), or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the

 

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sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

If the Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year. The Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so.

Fund Distributions

Shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax will be subject to tax on dividends received from the Fund, regardless of whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares. Such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are received, except that a dividend declared and payable to shareholders of record in October, November or December and paid to shareholders the following January generally is deemed to have been paid by the Fund on the preceding December 31. Distributions received by tax-exempt shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent permitted under applicable tax law.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes to shareholders on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned (and is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. In general, the Fund will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Tax rules can alter the Fund’s holding period in investments and thereby affect the tax treatment of gain or loss on such investments. Distributions of net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards) that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) generally will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. The IRS and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of Capital Gain Dividends received through partnership interests constituting “applicable partnership interests” under Section 1061 of the Code. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income, and shareholders will not be able to offset distributions of the Fund’s net short-term capital gains with capital losses that they recognize with respect to their other investments. As required by federal law, detailed federal tax information with respect to each calendar year will be furnished to each shareholder early in the succeeding year.

The ultimate tax characterization of the Fund’s distributions made in a taxable year cannot finally be determined until after the end of that taxable year. The Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Fund’s “current and accumulated earnings and profits” (generally, the net investment income and net capital gains of the Fund with respect to that year), in which case the excess generally will be treated as a return of capital, which will be tax-free to the holders of the shares, up to the amount of the shareholder’s tax basis in the applicable shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of such shares.

Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against the Fund’s net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to subsequent taxable years without expiration to offset capital gains, if any realized during such subsequent taxable years. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Fund retains or distributes such gains. The Fund must apply such carryforwards first against gains of the same character. The Fund’s available capital loss carryforwards, if any, will be set forth in its annual shareholder report for each fiscal year.

“Qualified dividend income” received by an individual will be taxed at the rates applicable to net capital gain. In order for some portion of the dividends received by the Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund’s shares. In general, a

 

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dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (b) treated as a PFIC.

In general, distributions of investment income reported by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided both the shareholder and the Fund meet the holding period and other requirements described above. If the aggregate qualified dividends received by the Fund during any taxable year are 95% or more of its gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), then 100% of the Fund’s dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. It is unclear whether or to what extent distributions from the Fund will constitute qualified dividend income.

In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the Fund will qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations for the taxable year. A dividend received by the Fund will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (1) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Fund has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (2) to the extent that the Fund is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends-received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (1) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Fund or (2) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). It is unclear whether or to what extent distributions from the Fund will qualify for the dividends-received deduction.

Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Fund on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Fund, will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.

The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Fund of net investment income and capital gains as described above, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisers regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.

Dividends and distributions on shares of the Fund are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains (“current and accumulated earnings and profits”), even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the net asset value of the Fund reflects either unrealized gains, or realized and undistributed income or gains, which were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid. Such realized income or gains may be required to be distributed regardless of whether the Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. Such distributions may reduce the fair market value of the Fund’s shares below the shareholder’s cost basis in those shares.

Sale, Exchange or Redemption of Shares

The sale, exchange or redemption of shares of the Fund will generally give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder has held the shares for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss generally will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated

 

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as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to those shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be disallowed under the Code’s “wash sale” rule if other substantially identical shares of the Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

If the Fund were to be deemed a “nonpublicly offered” RIC as described in “Expenses Subject to Special Pass-Through Rules” below, depending on a shareholder’s percentage ownership in the Fund, a shareholder’s partial redemption of Fund shares could cause the shareholder to be treated as having received a distribution under Section 301 of the Code (“Section 301 distribution”) unless the redemption is treated as being either (i) “substantially disproportionate” with respect to such shareholder or (ii) otherwise “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” under the relevant rules of the Code. A Section 301 distribution is not treated as a sale or exchange giving rise to capital gain or loss, but rather is treated as a dividend to the extent supported by the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholder’s tax basis in its Fund shares, and thereafter as capital gain. Where a redeeming shareholder is treated as receiving a dividend, there is a risk that other shareholders of the Fund whose percentage interests in the Fund increase as a result of such redemption will be treated as having received a taxable distribution from the Fund.

Upon the sale, exchange or redemption of Fund shares, the Fund or, in the case of shares purchased through a financial intermediary, the financial intermediary may be required to provide you and the IRS with cost basis and certain other related tax information about the Fund shares you sold, exchanged or redeemed. See “Tax Basis Information” below for more information.

Bitcoin Transactions

The Fund’s use of bitcoin can be limited by the Fund’s intention to qualify as a RIC, and can bear on the Fund’s ability to so qualify. Income and gains from digital assets and digital asset-linked derivatives may not constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. If the Fund were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Fund’s nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a regulated investment company unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Fund level. The Fund currently expects to pursue its bitcoin strategy primarily through investments in the Subsidiary.

If the Fund invests in bitcoin through a pooled investment vehicle there may be certain circumstances in which the Fund may recognize and be required to distribute income without a corresponding receipt of cash (for example in the event a hard fork occurs). Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

Controlled Foreign Corporations

The Subsidiary will be a “controlled foreign corporation” (“CFCs”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A U.S. person who owns (directly, indirectly or constructively) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation or 10% or more of the total value of shares of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a “U.S. Shareholder” of such foreign corporation for purposes of the CFC provisions of the Code. If the Fund is a “U.S. Shareholder” of a CFC, the Fund will generally be required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes for each taxable year of the Fund its pro rata share of the CFC’s “subpart F income” (defined below) for the CFC’s taxable year ending within the Fund’s taxable year whether or not such income is distributed by the CFC. “Subpart F income” generally includes interest, original issue discount, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or securities, receipts with respect to securities loans, net gains from transactions (including futures, forward and similar transactions) in commodities (likely including, for this purpose, bitcoin and potentially other cryptocurrencies), and net payments received with respect to equity swaps and similar derivatives. Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income and is included in net investment income, regardless of the character of the CFC’s underlying income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do not flow through to the Fund and thus will not be available to offset income or capital gain generated from the Fund’s other investments. In addition, net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year generally cannot be carried forward by the CFC to offset gains realized by it in subsequent tax years. The Fund’s recognition of any subpart F income from an investment in a CFC will increase the Fund’s tax basis in such CFC. Distributions by the CFC to the Fund will be tax-free, to the extent of the CFC’s

 

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previously undistributed subpart F income, and will correspondingly reduce the Fund’s tax basis in the CFC, and any distributions in excess of the Fund’s tax basis in such CFC will be treated as realized gain. To the extent the Fund recognizes subpart F income in excess of actual cash distributions from a CFC, the Fund may be required to borrow money or sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund level.

Generally, a foreign corporation is a CFC if, on any day of its taxable year, more than 50% of the voting power or value of its stock is owned (directly, indirectly or constructively) by U.S. Shareholders.

A foreign corporation such as the Subsidiary generally will not be subject to U.S. taxation unless it is treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business. The rules regarding whether the Subsidiary will be treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business as a result of its investments in bitcoin are not certain. The Subsidiary expects to operate in a manner such that it is not so treated; if it were, the Subsidiary would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis at the corporate rate and would be subject to an additional branch profits tax, thus reducing the yield of the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary.

In general, in order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income from certain specified sources (“qualifying income”). Under regulations, subpart F inclusions from investments in CFCs will constitute “qualifying income” for the purposes of the 90% gross income requirement to the extent it is either (i) timely and currently repatriated or (ii) derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

A passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) is any foreign corporation: (i) 75% or more of the gross income of which for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets of which (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from related persons. A foreign corporation in which the Fund invests, including a foreign issuer of event-linked bonds, will not be treated as a PFIC with respect to the Fund if such corporation is a CFC (as defined herein) and the Fund is a U.S. Shareholder (as defined herein) thereof.

Equity investments by the Fund in PFICs could potentially subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax or other charge (including interest charges) on the distributions received from the PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the PFIC. This tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, if the Fund is in a position to and elects to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (i.e., make a “QEF election”), the Fund will be required to include its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. Alternatively, the Fund may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings “to the market” as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund’s total return. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income.”

It is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, and the Fund may therefore incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances.

Foreign Taxation

Income and proceeds received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the Fund’s assets at the close of the taxable year consist of the securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities that the Fund has held, under Code rules, for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. For this purpose, “securities of foreign corporations” generally includes securities of foreign governments. In such cases, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes paid by the Fund. A shareholder’s ability to

 

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claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of such foreign taxes is subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholder’s not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. For example, shareholders who do not itemize on their U.S. federal income tax returns may claim a credit but not a deduction for such foreign taxes. Even if the Fund were eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Fund.

Investments in Other Investment Companies

If the Fund receives dividends from another investment company, including an ETF, that qualifies as a RIC, and the investment company reports such dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund is permitted in turn to report a portion of its distributions as qualified dividend income, provided the Fund meets holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the investment company.

If the Fund receives dividends from such an investment company and the investment company reports such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund is permitted in turn to report its distributions derived from those dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction as well, provided the Fund meets holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the investment company.

Original Issue Discount, Pay-in-Kind Securities, and Market Discount

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and all zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (“OID”) is treated as interest income and is included in the Fund’s taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time (i.e., upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security) or is received in kind rather than in cash. Increases in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be treated as OID.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having “market discount.” Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price of such obligation. In the case of higher-risk securities, the amount of market discount may be unclear. See “Higher-Risk Securities.” Subject to the discussion below regarding Section 451 of the Code, (i) generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt obligation, (ii) alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Fund’s income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security, and (iii) the rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance may be treated as having “acquisition discount” (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price), or OID in the case of certain types of debt obligations. Generally, the Fund will be required to include the acquisition discount, or OID, in income (as ordinary income) over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time (i.e., upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security) or is received in kind rather than in cash. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt obligations having acquisition discount, or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income that is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of securities, it may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

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Securities Purchased at a Premium

Very generally, where the Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity – that is, at a premium – the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds, the Fund is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period.

Higher-Risk Securities

Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether, when or to what extent the Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation; when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount; when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities; and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its eligibility for treatment as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

Issuer Deductibility of Interest

A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund may not be deductible to (and thus, may affect the cash flow of) the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend for purposes of the corporate dividends received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the deemed dividend portion of such accrued interest. Interest paid on debt obligations owned by the Fund, if any, that are considered for U.S. tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not be deductible to the issuer, possibly affecting the cash flow of the issuer.

Options, Futures, Forward Contracts, Swap Agreements, Hedges, Straddles and Other Transactions

In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized (i) when the option contract expires, (ii) the option is exercised by the holder or (iii) the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying security, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the security. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying security. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. In either case, provided the tax treatment of an option transaction is not governed by Section 1256 of the Code (discussed further below), the gain or loss that may arise in respect of a termination of the Fund’s obligation under the option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term gain or loss, depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

Certain covered call writing activities of the Fund may trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to “substantially similar or related property,” to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not “deep in the money” may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are “in the money” although not “deep in the money” will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.

The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by the Fund, including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options, will be governed by section 1256 of the Code (“Section 1256

 

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Contracts”). Gains or losses on Section 1256 Contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256 Contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked-to-market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.

In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, the Fund’s transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements) as well as any of its other hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., mark-to-market, notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a Fund-level tax.

The Fund’s use of commodity-linked derivatives can be limited by the Fund’s intention to qualify as a RIC, and can bear on the Fund’s ability to so qualify. Income and gains from certain commodity-linked derivatives does not constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. The tax treatment of certain other commodity-linked instruments in which the Fund might invest, including (“ETNs”) and certain structured notes, is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If the Fund were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Fund’s nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a regulated investment company unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Fund level.

Certain of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between the Fund’s book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If the Fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid a Fund-level tax. If, in the alternative, the Fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income (including realized capital gains) and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.

Tax-Exempt Shareholders

Income of a RIC that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally be attributed as UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder of a RIC. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could recognize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code.

Foreign Currency Transactions

The Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.

Foreign Shareholders

In general, the Fund’s dividends are not subject to a U.S. withholding tax when paid to a shareholder that is not a “U.S. Person” within the meaning of the Code (such a shareholder, a “foreign shareholder”) to the extent properly

 

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reported by the Fund as (1) interest-related dividends or short-term capital gains dividends, each as defined below and subject to certain conditions described below, (2) Capital Gain Dividends or (3) distributions treated as a return of capital with respect to such foreign shareholder.

The exception to withholding for “interest-related dividends” generally applies with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a foreign shareholder (w) that does not provide a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (x) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (y) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States or (z) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation) from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Fund in a written notice to shareholders (“interest-related dividends”). The exception to withholding for “short-term capital gain dividends” generally applies with respect to distributions (other than (a) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution or (b) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses to the extent such distributions are properly reported by the Fund (“short-term capital gain dividends”). The Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports all or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders. These exemptions from withholding will not be available to foreign shareholders of the Fund if it does not currently report its dividends as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.

Distributions by the Fund to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends, interest-related dividends, and short-term capital gain dividends (e.g., distributions attributable to dividends and foreign-source interest income) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).

Under U.S. federal tax law, a foreign shareholder generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends, interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends unless (i) such gain or dividend is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States, (ii) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale or the receipt of the Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”) apply to the foreign shareholder’s sale of shares of the Fund or to the Capital Gain Dividend the foreign shareholder received (as described below).

Special rules would apply if the Fund were a qualified investment entity (“QIE”) because it is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition of USRPIs described below. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States and other trade or business assets. USRPIs generally are defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A RIC that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and RICs that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in RICs generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether a RIC is a QIE.

If an interest in the Fund were a USRPI, a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder or any foreign shareholder if shares of the Fund are not considered regularly traded on an established securities market generally would be required to file a U.S. tax return in connection with the sale of its Fund shares, and pay related taxes due on any gain realized on the sale.

Moreover, if the Fund were a USRPHC or, very generally, had been one in the last five years, it would be required to withhold on amounts distributed to a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder to the extent such amounts would not be treated as a dividend, i.e., are in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated “earnings and profits” for the applicable taxable year. Such withholding generally is not required if the Fund is a domestically controlled QIE.

 

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If the Fund were a QIE, under a special “look-through” rule, any distributions by the Fund to a foreign shareholder attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands and (ii) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Fund would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Fund’s foreign shareholders and would be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholder’s current and past ownership of the Fund.

Foreign shareholders of the Fund also may be subject to “wash sale” rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and –payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.

Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Fund.

Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Fund is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign shareholder within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares of the Fund and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisers.

In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Foreign shareholders in the Fund should consult their tax advisers in this regard.

Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers about their particular situation. A beneficial holder of Fund shares who is a foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the federal tax on income referred to above.

Backup Withholding

The Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder (i) who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number, (ii) who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or (iii) who fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is not subject to such withholding.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability; provided that the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.

Tax Basis Information

The Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to Fund shareholders the cost basis information and holding period for Fund shares. The Fund will permit Fund shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including average cost. In the absence of an election, shareholder cost basis will be determined under the default method selected by the Fund. The cost basis method a shareholder elects (or the cost basis method applied by default) may not be changed with respect to a redemption of shares after the settlement date of the redemption. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting rules apply to them.

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations

Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted

 

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from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Shareholder Reporting Obligations With Respect to Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts

Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Fund by vote or value could be required to report annually their “financial interest” in the Fund’s “foreign financial accounts,” if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts. Shareholders should consult a tax adviser, and persons investing in the Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements

Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury Regulations and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, “FATCA”) generally require the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an “IGA”). If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Fund or its agents may be required to withhold under FATCA 30% of the distributions, other than distributions properly reported as Capital Gain Dividends, the Fund pays to that shareholder. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund or its agent is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above. The IRS and the Department of Treasury have issued proposed regulations providing that the gross proceeds of share redemptions or exchanges and Capital Gain Dividends the Fund pays will not be subject to FATCA withholding.

Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary. In addition, foreign countries have implemented or are considering, and may implement, laws similar in purpose and scope to FATCA, as more fully described above.

Expenses Subject to Special Pass-Through Rules

The Fund will not be considered to be a “publicly offered” RIC if it does not have at least 500 investors at all times during a taxable year, it is not regularly traded on an established securities market, and its shares are not treated as continuously offered pursuant to a public offering. It is possible that the Fund will not be treated as a “publicly offered” RIC for one or more of its taxable years. Very generally, pursuant to Treasury Department regulations, expenses of a RIC that is not “publicly offered,” except those specific to its status as a RIC or separate entity (e.g., registration fees or transfer agency fees), are subject to special “pass-through” rules. These expenses (which include direct and certain indirect advisory fees) are treated as additional dividends to certain Fund shareholders (generally including other RICs that are not “publicly offered,” individuals and entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as an individual), and are, other than in the case of a shareholder that is a RIC that is not “publicly offered,” not deductible by those shareholders under current law.

Shares Purchased Through Tax-Qualified Plans

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans, and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers as to the state or local tax consequences of investing in the Fund.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

Investment decisions for the Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objective. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investment by the Fund also may be appropriate for other accounts managed by the Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain accounts even though it could have been bought or sold for other accounts at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these other accounts is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will generally be allocated among the Fund and other accounts in the manner described above under “Potential Conflicts of Interest – Allocation of Investment Opportunities” and “– Conflicts of Interest Among

 

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Strategies” above. When the Adviser determines that an investment opportunity is appropriate for the Fund and one or more other accounts, the Adviser will generally execute transactions for the Fund on an aggregated basis with the other accounts when the Adviser believes that to do so will allow it to obtain best execution and to negotiate more favorable commission rates or other transaction costs than might have otherwise been paid had such orders been placed independently. Aggregation, or “bunching,” describes a procedure whereby an investment adviser combines the orders of two or more clients into a single order for the purpose of obtaining better prices and lower execution costs.

Brokerage and Research Services

There is generally no stated commission in the case of securities traded on a principal basis in the over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. The purchase by the Fund of participations or assignments may be pursuant to privately negotiated transactions pursuant to which the Fund may be required to pay fees to the seller or forego a portion of payments in respect of the participation agreement.

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options and futures contracts and buys and sells such securities, options and futures for the Fund through multiple brokers and dealers. The Adviser will place trades for execution only with approved brokers or dealers. In effecting such purchases and sales, the Adviser seeks the most favorable price and execution of the Fund’s orders. In doing so, the Fund may pay higher commissions than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Adviser, having in mind the Fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions.

It has for many years been a common practice in the investment advisory business for advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors to receive research and brokerage products and services (together, “research and brokerage services”) from broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser may receive research and brokerage services from broker-dealers with which the Adviser places the Fund’s portfolio transactions. These research and brokerage services, which in some cases also may be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The advisory fees paid by the Fund are not reduced because the Adviser receives such research and brokerage services even though the receipt of such research and brokerage services relieves the Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser to place the Fund’s transactions may be useful to the Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these research and brokerage services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing the Fund. Conversely, research and brokerage services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser may be useful to the Adviser in managing the Fund, although not all of these research and brokerage services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing such other clients. To the extent the Adviser uses such research and brokerage services, it will use them for the benefit of all clients, to the extent reasonably practicable. Currently, the Adviser does not direct portfolio transactions for the Fund to a particular broker-dealer because the broker-dealer provides soft dollar benefits to the Adviser.

In reliance on the “safe harbor” provided by Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act, the Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined for purposes of Section 28(e)) to the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission that another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Adviser makes a good faith determination that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage and research services provided, viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities to all discretionary accounts.

The Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the Commission, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund

 

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on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts that are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.”

Regular Broker Dealers. The Fund is required to identify the securities of its regular brokers or dealers (as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act) or their parent companies held by the Fund as of the close of its most recent fiscal year and state the value of such holdings. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund did not hold any securities of its regular brokers or dealers or their parent companies.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

The Trustees are responsible for the management and supervision of the Trust. The Trust’s Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of the Fund or other series of the Trust with or without par value. Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the authority to create and classify shares of beneficial interest in separate series and classes without further action by shareholders. Additional series may be added in the future. The Trustees also have authorized the issuance of two classes of shares for the Fund, designated as Class I and Class M. Additional classes of shares may be authorized in the future.

The shares of each class of the Fund represent an equal proportionate interest in the net assets attributable to that class of the Fund. Holders of each class of shares have certain exclusive voting rights on matters relating to their respective distribution plan, if any. The different classes of the Fund may bear different expenses relating to the cost of holding shareholder meetings necessitated by the exclusive voting rights of any class of shares.

Dividends paid by the Fund, if any, with respect to each class of shares will be calculated in the same manner, at the same time and on the same day and will be in the same amount, except for differences resulting from the facts that: (i) the distribution and service fees, if any, relating to each class will be borne exclusively by that class; and (ii) each class of shares will bear any class expenses properly allocable to that class of shares, subject to the conditions the IRS imposes with respect to the multiple- class structures. Similarly, the NAV per share may vary depending on which class of shares is purchased. No interest will be paid on uncashed dividend or redemption checks.

Unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act or the Declaration of Trust, the Trust has no intention of holding annual meetings of shareholders. Trust shareholders may remove a Trustee by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Trust’s outstanding shares and the Trustees shall promptly call a meeting for such purpose when requested to do so in writing by the record holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust. Shareholders may, under certain circumstances, communicate with other shareholders in connection with requesting a special meeting of shareholders. However, at any time that less than a majority of the Trustees holding office were elected by the shareholders, the Trustees will call a special meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees.

In the event of liquidation, shareholders of each Class are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to these shareholders. Shares entitle their holders to one vote per share (and fractional votes for fractional shares), are freely transferable and have no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. When issued, shares are fully paid and non-assessable.

The Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust further provides for indemnification out of the Fund’s property for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund by reason of owning shares of the Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is considered remote since it is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the Fund itself would be unable to meet its obligations.

The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Board will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. The Declaration of Trust of the Trust provides for indemnification by the Trust of Trustees and officers of the Trust; however, such persons may not be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or the Trust’s shareholders to whom he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

PURCHASES AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES

The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order application that conflicts with the Fund’s internal policies or the policies of any regulatory authority. All checks must be in U.S. Dollars drawn on a domestic bank (i.e., a bank with a branch in the U.S.). The Fund will not accept payment in cash or money orders. The Fund does not accept postdated checks or any conditional order or payment. To prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third-party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares.

 

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If you elect to receive distributions and/or dividends by check and the post office cannot deliver the check, or if the check remains uncashed for six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your Fund account at the then current NAV per share and to reinvest all subsequent distributions in shares of the Fund.

Information provided on the account application may be used by the Fund to verify the accuracy of the information or for background or financial history purposes. A joint account will be administered as a joint tenancy with right of survivorship, unless the joint owners notify the transfer agent of a different intent. A shareholder’s account is governed by the laws of the State of Delaware. For telephone transactions, the Transfer Agent will take measures to verify the identity of the caller, such as asking for name, account number, Social Security or other taxpayer ID number and other relevant information. If appropriate measures are taken, the Transfer Agent is not responsible for any loss that may occur to any account due to an unauthorized telephone call. Also, for your protection, telephone redemptions are not permitted on accounts whose names or addresses have changed within the past 30 days. Proceeds from telephone transactions can only be mailed to the address of record or sent via wire or ACH to the bank of record pre-established on the account.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of the date of this SAI, the Fund had not yet commenced operations and thus does not have audited financial statements.

 

 

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APPENDIX A

SECURITIES RATINGS

The rating of a rating service represents the service’s opinion as to the credit quality of the security being rated. However, the ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality or guarantees as to the creditworthiness of an issuer. Consequently, the Adviser believes that the quality of debt securities in which the Fund invests should be continuously reviewed. A rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security, because it does not take into account market value or suitability for a particular investor. When a security has received a rating from more than one service, each rating should be evaluated independently. Ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by the ratings services from other sources, which they consider reliable. Ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information or for other reasons.

The following is a description of the characteristics of ratings used by Moody’s and S&P Global Ratings.

Moody’s Ratings*

Aaa— Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A—Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium-grade and are subject to low credit risk.

Baa—Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

*Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

S&P Global Ratings*

AAA—An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA—An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

A—An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

BBB—An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

BB; B; CCC; CC; and C—Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

BB—An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

A-1


B—An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

CCC—An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

CC—An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

C—An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.

D—An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

NR—This indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.

* The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.

 

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APPENDIX B

STONE RIDGE ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

I. Governing Standards

The Registered Funds have delegated to the Adviser the responsibility for voting Registered Fund securities. Private Funds or Managed Account Clients may delegate such responsibility to the Adviser.1 As a fiduciary, an investment adviser with proxy voting authority has a duty to monitor corporate events and to vote proxies, as well as a duty to cast votes in the best interest of clients and not subrogate client interests to its own interests. The Adviser has adopted these written proxy voting policies and procedures (the “Proxy Policy”) as required under Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act. In addition to covering the voting of equity securities, the Proxy Policy also applies generally to voting and/or consent rights of fixed income securities, including but not limited to, plans of reorganization, and waivers and consents under applicable indentures. The Proxy Policy does not apply, however, to consent rights that primarily entail decisions to buy or sell investments, such as tender or exchange offers, conversions, put options, redemption and Dutch auctions. The Proxy Policy, which has been designed to ensure that the Adviser votes proxies in the best interest of its Clients and provides Clients with information about how their proxies are voted, contains procedures to mitigate material conflicts of interests between Clients and the Adviser and its affiliated persons when voting proxies.

For the avoidance of doubt, the Proxy Policy applies to shareholder votes and consents that the Adviser has authority to exercise on behalf of a Client, including votes and consents for private entities that do not involve proxies. All references to votes by proxy in this Proxy Policy shall be interpreted to include both votes by proxy and votes and consents that do not involve proxies.

II. Policy

The Proxy Policy applies to those Client accounts that contain voting securities and for which the Adviser has been delegated the authority to vote client proxies. When voting proxies for Client accounts, the Adviser’s primary objective is to make voting decisions solely in the best interest of all Clients for which it manages assets. The Adviser has selected an unaffiliated third party proxy research and voting service, Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS” or the “Proxy Voting Service”), to assist it in researching, recordkeeping and voting of proxies. With respect to each proxy received, the Proxy Voting Service researches the financial implications of the proposals and provides a recommendation to the Adviser as to how to vote on each proposal based on the Proxy Voting Service’s research of the individual facts and circumstances and the Proxy Voting Service’s application of its research findings to an applicable set of guidelines, the ISS’ Proxy Voting Summary Guidelines (“ISS Guidelines”). The ISS Guidelines are intended to provide a general overview by highlighting the key policies that ISS applies to companies listed in the applicable geographic region. However, ISS’ analysis is on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration sector, industry and business performance factors. These guidelines have been approved by the Adviser and, although the Adviser intends to vote consistently with the voting recommendation of the Proxy Voting Service, upon the recommendation of the applicable portfolio managers, the Adviser may determine to override any recommendation made by the Proxy Voting Service or abstain from voting. In the event that the Proxy Voting Service does not provide a recommendation with respect to a proposal, as in the case of votes involving private issuers, the Adviser may determine to vote on the proposals directly and will do so in a manner consistent with the principles set forth in this Proxy Policy.

The Adviser may determine not to vote a proxy if: (1) the effect on the applicable economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is insignificant in relation to an individual Client account or in the aggregate with all Client accounts; (2) the cost of voting the proxy outweighs the possible benefit to the applicable Client account, including situations where a jurisdiction imposes share blocking restrictions that may affect the ability of the portfolio managers to effect trades in the related security; or (3) the Adviser otherwise has determined that it is consistent with its fiduciary obligations not to vote the proxy.

In addition, neither the Adviser nor the Proxy Voting Service will be able to vote for any securities on loan by an account. In the event that the Adviser is aware of a material vote on behalf of a Client with respect to securities on loan by the custodian, the Adviser will call back the loan to vote the proxy if the Adviser determines that the benefits to the Client of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the client of having the security remain out on loan, and if time permits.

 

1 

The specific obligations that the Adviser bears depend upon the scope of voting authority assumed by the Adviser.

 

B-1


The Adviser will not accept direction on how to vote individual proxies for which it has voting responsibility from any other person or organization other than Adviser personnel or the Proxy Voting Service.

III. Conflicts of Interest Procedures

For voting of securities, the Adviser believes that application of the ISS Guidelines to vote proxies should, in most cases, adequately address any possible conflicts of interest, as the ISS Guidelines are predetermined. As a general practice, the Adviser will vote in accordance with the voting recommendation provided by ISS. In the event that the Adviser wishes to vote against the independent voting recommendation, the Adviser requires CCO approval prior to a vote being cast.

Upon the identification or notice received by the CCO that there is a potential conflict of interest with respect to casting a vote, the CCO will discuss the proxy with the relevant portfolio manager(s) and other senior management in order to determine if the potential conflict is material. In instances where a portfolio manager proposes to vote a proxy inconsistent with the ISS Guidelines and a potential immaterial conflict is identified, the CCO will review the proxy votes in order to determine whether a portfolio manager’s voting rationale appears reasonable. Upon the detection of a material potential conflict of interest, the CCO has final decision-making authority regarding the Adviser’s course of action for the proxy. The CCO will seek to cause the proxy to be voted in a manner consistent with the Client’s best interests.

IV. Review

The Adviser will supervise and, no less frequently than annually, review its proxy voting activities and the implementation of the Proxy Voting Policy.

V. Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures Specific to Registered Funds

The Registered Funds will disclose in their SAIs and for closed-end funds, in item 7 of the Form N-CSR, a description of their policies and procedures used to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures used when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Registered Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Registered Fund’s investment adviser; principal underwriter; or any affiliated person of the Fund, its investment adviser, or its principal underwriter, on the other.

The Registered Funds are also required to include in their SAIs any policies and procedures of the Adviser or any other third party that the Registered Funds use, or that are used on the Registered Funds’ behalf, to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities.

Rule 30b1-4 under the 1940 Act requires mutual funds to file with the SEC an annual record of proxies voted by a fund on Form N-PX. Form N-PX must be filed each year no later than August 31 and must contain each Registered Fund’s proxy voting record for the most recent twelve-month period ending June 30.

The Registered Funds must also state in their disclosure documents (in their SAIs and shareholder reports) that information regarding how the Registered Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling a specified toll-free (or collect) telephone number; or on or through the Registered Fund’s website at a specified Internet address; or both; and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

If a Registered Fund discloses that its proxy voting record is available by calling a toll-free (or collect) telephone number, and the Registered Fund (or financial intermediary through which shares of the Registered Fund may be purchased or sold) receives a request for this information, the Registered Fund (or financial intermediary) must send the information disclosed in the Registered Fund’s most recently filed report on Form N-PX within three business days of receipt of the request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.

If a Registered Fund discloses that its proxy voting record is available on or through its website, the Registered Fund must make available free of charge the information disclosed in the Registered Fund’s most recently filed report on Form N-PX on or through its website as soon as reasonably practicable after filing the report with the SEC. The information disclosed in the Fund’s most recently filed report on Form N-PX must remain available on or through the Registered Fund’s website for as long as the Registered Fund remains subject to the requirements of Rule 30b1-4 and discloses that the Registered Fund’s proxy voting record is available on or through its website.

It is the responsibility of Legal and Compliance to ensure that the Registered Funds satisfy the disclosure requirements.

 

B-2


PART C. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28.  Exhibits   

(a)    

   (1)   

Amended and Restated Certificate of Trust of Stone Ridge Trust (the “Registrant”), dated as of October 23, 2015, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (1)(d) filed with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) via EDGAR on September 27, 2016.

   (2)   

Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated as of January 24, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 28, 2017.

(b)    

   (1)   

Bylaws of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b) filed with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 10, 2012.

   (2)   

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 2, 2020.

(c)    

     

Not applicable.

(d)    

   (1)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC (“Stone Ridge”) and the Registrant on behalf of each of Stone Ridge Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge High Yield Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund, dated as of January 11, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(1) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 26, 2016.

   (2)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of each of Stone Ridge U.S. Hedged Equity Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Large Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Fund)) and Stone Ridge U.S. Small Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to its initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on April 5, 2013.


            

   (3)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Master Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Master Variance Risk Premium Fund), incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(3) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on April 5, 2013.

   (4)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge International Developed Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge Emerging Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund, dated as of January 23, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(4) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 26, 2016.

   (5)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge International Variance Risk Premium Master Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge International Master Variance Risk Premium Fund), dated as of September 19, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(5) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 26, 2016.

   (6)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge Global Equity Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(6) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 23, 2014.

   (7)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Elements U.S. Portfolio, Elements U.S. Small Cap Portfolio, Elements International Portfolio, Elements International Small Cap Portfolio and Elements Emerging Markets Portfolio, dated as of January 24, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(7) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 28, 2017.

   (8)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge Diversified Alternatives Fund, dated as of January 29, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(8) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 2, 2020.

   (9)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and Stone Ridge Diversified Alternatives Sub Fund Ltd, dated as of January 29, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(9) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 2, 2020.

   (10)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge All Asset Variance Risk Premium Fund, dated as of August 12, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (6)(j) filed with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on August 13, 2020.


   (11)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge All Asset Variance Risk Premium Sub Fund Ltd and Stone Ridge, dated as of August 12, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (6)(k) filed with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on August 13, 2020.

   (12)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II, to be filed by amendment.

   (13)   

Investment Management Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Sub Fund II Ltd, to be filed by amendment.

(e)    

   (1)   

Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”), dated as of April 16, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 48 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on January 30, 2019.

   (2)   

Amendment No.  1 to the Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and the Distributor, dated as of October 28, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No.  57 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 20, 2019.

(f)    

     

Not applicable.

(g)    

   (1)   

Second Amended and Restated Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, dated as of September 24, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (g)(1) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on November 23, 2020.

   (2)   

Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., dated as of April 10, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (g)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on September 28, 2018.

(h)    

   (1)   

Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the “Administrator”), dated as of October 30, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 20, 2017.

   (2)   

Addendum to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and the Administrator, dated as of September 21, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on September 28, 2018.


            

   (3)   

First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and the Administrator, dated as of January 30, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 27, 2019.

   (4)   

Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and the Administrator, dated as of February 25, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(4) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 2, 2020.

   (5)   

Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, dated as of October 30, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 20, 2017.

   (6)   

First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, dated as of February 25, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(6) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 2, 2020.

   (7)   

Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, dated as of October 30, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 20, 2017.

   (8)   

First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, dated as of January 30, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(6) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 27, 2019.

   (9)   

Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of its series, and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, dated as of February 25, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(9) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 2, 2020.

   (10)   

Expense Limitation Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge High Yield Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund, dated as of January 29, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(10) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 28, 2020.


   (11)   

Expense Limitation Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge U.S. Hedged Equity Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Large Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Fund)), dated as of August 23, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(11) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 28, 2020.

   (12)   

Expense Limitation Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge International Developed Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund, dated as of January 30, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(9) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 27, 2019.

   (13)   

Expense Limitation Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge Global Equity Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, dated as of January 30, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(10) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 27, 2019.

   (14)   

Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of behalf of each of Elements U.S. Portfolio, Elements U.S. Small Cap Portfolio, Elements International Portfolio, Elements International Small Cap Portfolio and Elements Emerging Markets Portfolio, dated as of July 30, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(14) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 66 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on September 25, 2020.

   (15)   

Expense Limitation Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge Diversified Alternatives Fund, dated as of April 19, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(15) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on May 6, 2021.

   (16)   

Expense Limitation Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge All Asset Variance Risk Premium Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(16) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 2, 2020.

            

   (17)   

Expense Limitation Agreement between Stone Ridge and the Registrant on behalf of NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II, to be filed by amendment.

   (18)   

Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between the Registrant on behalf of Stone Ridge All Asset Variance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge Trust III on behalf of its series Stone Ridge All Asset Variance Risk Premium Fund, dated December 2, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(17) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 2, 2020.


(i)    

   (1)   

Opinion and consent of counsel of K&L Gates, LLP for the Stone Ridge U.S. Hedged Equity Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Large Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Fund)) and Stone Ridge U.S. Small Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund, dated April 4, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on April 4, 2013.

   (2)   

Opinion and consent of counsel of K&L Gates, LLP for the Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, dated April 23, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on April 23, 2013.

   (3)   

Opinion and consent of counsel of K&L Gates, LLP for the Stone Ridge Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund and the Stone Ridge High Yield Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund, dated January 15, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i) filed with the Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on January 15, 2013.

   (4)   

Opinion and consent of counsel of K&L Gates, LLP for the Stone Ridge International Developed Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund, Stone Ridge Emerging Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge International Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, dated January 21, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i)(4) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on January 21, 2014.

   (5)   

Opinion and consent of counsel for the Stone Ridge Global Equity Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, dated June 23, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i)(5) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 23, 2014.

   (6)   

Opinion and consent of counsel for Class M shares for Elements U.S. Portfolio, Elements U.S. Small Cap Portfolio, Elements International Portfolio, Elements International Small Cap Portfolio and Elements Emerging Markets Portfolio, dated February 28, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i)(6) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 28, 2017.

   (7)   

Opinion and consent of counsel for Class Y shares for Elements U.S. Portfolio, Elements U.S. Small Cap Portfolio, Elements International Portfolio, Elements International Small Cap Portfolio and Elements Emerging Markets Portfolio, dated March 28, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i)(7) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on March 28, 2019.


   (8)   

Opinion and consent of counsel for the Stone Ridge Diversified Alternatives Fund, dated June 2, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i)(8) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 2, 2020.

   (9)   

Opinion and consent of counsel for the Stone Ridge All Asset Variance Risk Premium Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (i)(9) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on December 2, 2020.

   (10)   

Opinion and consent of counsel for the NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II, to be filed by amendment.

(j)    

     

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, to be filed by amendment.

(k)    

     

Not applicable.

(l)    

     

Subscription Agreement for Seed Capital, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (l) filed with Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on January 16, 2013.

(m)    

   (1)   

First Amended and Restated Class  I Rule 12b-1 Plan of each of Stone Ridge Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge High Yield Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(1) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on April 5, 2013.

   (2)   

Class I Rule 12b-1 Plan of each of Stone Ridge U.S. Hedged Equity Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Large Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Fund)), Stone Ridge U.S. Small Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on April 5, 2013.

   (3)   

Second Amended and Restated Class M Rule 12b-1 Plan of each of Stone Ridge Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge High Yield Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(3) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on April 5, 2013.

   (4)   

Class M Rule 12b-1 Plan of each of Stone Ridge U.S. Hedged Equity Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Large Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Fund)), Stone Ridge U.S. Small Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(4) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on April 5, 2013.


   (5)   

Class I Rule 12b-1 Plan of each of Stone Ridge International Developed Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund, Stone Ridge Emerging Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge International Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, dated as of September 19, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(5) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 26, 2016.

   (6)   

Class M Rule 12b-1 Plan of each of Stone Ridge International Developed Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund, Stone Ridge Emerging Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund and Stone Ridge International Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, dated as of September 19, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(6) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 26, 2016.

   (7)   

Class I Rule 12b-1 Plan of Stone Ridge Global Equity Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(7) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No.  21 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 23, 2014.

   (8)   

Class M Rule 12b-1 Plan of Stone Ridge Global Equity Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(8) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No.  21 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 23, 2014.

   (9)   

First Amended and Restated Class  M Rule 12b-1 Plan of Elements U.S. Portfolio, Elements U.S. Small Cap Portfolio, Elements International Portfolio, Elements International Small Cap Portfolio and Elements Emerging Markets Portfolio, dated as of April 1, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(9) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on September 26, 2019.

   (10)   

Class  M Rule 12b-1 Plan of Stone Ridge Diversified Alternatives Fund, dated January  29, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(10) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No.  63 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on June 2, 2020.

(n)    

   (1)   

Third Amended and Restated Multi-Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 of Stone Ridge High Yield Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund, dated as of January 29, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (n)(1) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 28, 2020.

   (2)   

Third Amended and Restated Multi-Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 of Stone Ridge U.S. Hedged Equity Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Large Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Fund)), dated as of January 29, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (n)(2) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 28, 2020.

   (3)   

First Amended and Restated Multi-Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 of Stone Ridge International Developed Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund, dated as of January 30, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (n)(3) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 27, 2019.


   (4)   

First Amended and Restated Multi-Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 of Stone Ridge Global Equity Variance Risk Premium Master Fund, dated as of January 30, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (n)(4) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on February 27, 2019.

   (5)   

Multi-Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 of each of Elements U.S. Portfolio, Elements U.S. Small Cap Portfolio, Elements International Portfolio, Elements International Small Cap Portfolio and Elements Emerging Markets Portfolio, dated as of April 1, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (n)(5) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on March 28, 2019.

   (6)   

First Amended and Restated Multiple Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 of Stone Ridge Diversified Alternatives Fund, dated October 27, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (n)(6) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on November 23, 2020.

   (7)   

Multi-Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 of NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II, to be filed by amendment.

(o)    

     

Reserved.

(p)    

     

Code of Ethics of Stone Ridge and the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on August 13, 2020.

(q)    

     

Power of Attorney of Stone Ridge Trust, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (q) filed with the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC via EDGAR on September 28, 2018.

Item 29.   Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant

None.

Item 30.   Indemnification

The Registrant’s Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, incorporated herein by reference, contains provisions limiting the liability, and providing for indemnification, of the Trustees, officers, employees and other “Covered Persons” (including their respective heirs, assigns, successors or other legal representatives) to the fullest extent permitted by law, including advancement of payments of all expenses incurred in connection with the preparation and presentation of any defense (subject to repayment obligations in certain circumstances).

The Registrant’s Distribution Agreement, incorporated hereto by reference, contains provisions limiting the liability, and providing for indemnification, of the Trustees and officers under certain circumstances.


Further, the Stone Ridge Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund’s and Stone Ridge High Yield Reinsurance Risk Premium Fund’s First Amended and Restated Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge U.S. Hedged Equity Fund’s (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Large Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund (formerly known as Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Fund)) and Stone Ridge U.S. Small Cap Variance Risk Premium Fund’s Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge U.S. Variance Risk Premium Master Fund’s Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge International Developed Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund’s and Stone Ridge Emerging Markets Variance Risk Premium Fund’s Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge International Variance Risk Premium Master Fund’s Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge Global Equity Variance Risk Premium Master Fund’s Investment Management Agreement, the Elements U.S. Portfolio’s, Elements U.S. Small Cap Portfolio’s, Elements International Portfolio’s, Elements International Small Cap Portfolio’s and Elements Emerging Markets Portfolio’s Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge Diversified Alternatives Fund’s Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge Diversified Alternatives Sub Fund Ltd’s Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge All Asset Variance Risk Premium Fund’s Investment Management Agreement, the Stone Ridge All Asset Variance Risk Premium Sub Fund Ltd’s Investment Management Agreement, the NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II’s Investment Management Agreement and the NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Sub Fund II Ltd’s Investment Management Agreement, each incorporated herein by reference, contain provisions limiting the liability, and providing for indemnification, of Stone Ridge and its personnel under certain circumstances.

The Registrant’s Trustees and officers are insured under a standard investment company errors and omissions insurance policy covering loss incurred by reason of negligent errors and omissions committed in their official capacities as such.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions described in this Item 30, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

Item 31.   Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser

Stone Ridge is a Delaware limited liability company that offers investment management services and is a registered investment adviser. Stone Ridge’s offices are located at 510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10022. Information as to the officers and directors of Stone Ridge is included in its current Form ADV (File No. 801-77228) filed with the SEC, and the text of Schedule A of Stone Ridge’s current Form ADV is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 32.   Principal Underwriter

(a)    [                 ] acts as the distributor for the Registrant and the following investment companies: [                ].


(b)    To the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of [                ] are as follows:

 

Name and Principal

Business Address*

  Position and Offices with [    ]   Positions and Offices
with Registrant
         
[        
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
                                         ]

* Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is [                ].

** The principal business address for [                ] is [                ].

(c)    The following table sets forth the commissions and other compensation received, directly or indirectly, from the Portfolios during the last fiscal year by the principal underwriter who is not an affiliated person of the Portfolios.

 

(1)
Name of Principal

Underwriter

 

(2)
Net Underwriting

Discounts and

Commission

 

(3)
Compensation on
Redemption and

Repurchases

 

(4)
Brokerage

Commissions

 

(5)
Other

Compensation

[                                 ]   None   None   None   None

Item 33.   Location of Accounts and Records

All accounts, books and other documents required by Rule 31(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are maintained at the offices, as applicable of:

 

  1.

Stone Ridge Trust

510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, New York 10022


  2.

Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC

510 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, New York 10022

 

  3.

US Bank N.A.

1555 N. River Center Drive, Suite 302

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212

 

  4.

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC

615 East Michigan Street

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202

 

  5.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

900 G Street, NW

Washington, DC 20001

 

  6.[

                ]

Item 34.   Management Services

Not applicable.

Item 35.   Undertakings

Not applicable.

 


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement of Stone Ridge Trust (related to NYDIG Bitcoin Strategy Fund II) to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of New York and the State of New York, on the 12th day of May, 2021.

 

STONE RIDGE TRUST

By:  

/s/ Anthony Zuco

  Anthony Zuco, Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

  

Date

               

  *

   Trustee, President (Principal Executive Officer)   

May 12, 2021

  

  Ross Stevens

        

  /s/ Anthony Zuco

   Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)   

May 12, 2021

  

  Anthony Zuco

        

  *

   Trustee   

May 12, 2021

  

  Daniel Charney

        

  *

   Trustee   

May 12, 2021

  

  Jeffery Ekberg

        

  * Power of Attorney

        

*By:

 

/s/ Anthony Zuco

        
 

Anthony Zuco

Attorney in Fact