Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which when capable of being distinct, are accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue recognition is evaluated based on the following five steps: (i) identification of the contract with the customer; (ii) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

For multiple-element arrangements, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices are determined based on observable prices at which the Company separately sells its products or services. If a standalone selling price is not directly observable, the Company estimates the selling price based on market conditions and entity-specific factors including features and functionality of the product and/or services, the geography of the Company’s customers, type of the Company’s markets. Any discounts or other reductions to the transaction price are allocated proportionately to all performance obligations within the multiple-element arrangement.

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers and receipt of payment. For the sale of its products, the Company generally recognizes revenue at a point in time through the ship-and-bill performance obligations. For the lease of its products, the Company generally recognizes revenue over the lease term commencing upon the completion of customer training. For service agreements, the Company generally invoices customers at the beginning of the coverage period and records revenue related to the billed amounts over time, equivalent to the coverage period of the maintenance and support contract.

Deferred revenue is comprised mainly of unearned revenue related to extended support and maintenance contracts (Ekso Care) but also includes other offerings for which the Company has been paid in advance and earns revenue when the Company transfers control of the product or service.

Deferred revenue consisted of the following:



	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Deferred extended maintenance and support	$	2,826		$	2,114
Deferred royalties	290			300
Deferred rental income	8			51
Customer deposits and advances	73			62
Deferred device revenues	47			70
Total deferred revenues	3,244			2,597
Less current portion	(1,398		)	(1,102		)
Deferred revenues, non-current	$	1,846		$	1,495

Deferred revenue activity consisted of the following for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:



Beginning balance	$	2,597
Deferral of revenue	2,013
Recognition of deferred revenue	(1,366		)
Ending balance	$	3,244

At September 30, 2019, the Company’s deferred revenue was $3,244. Excluding customer deposits, the Company expects to recognize approximately $354 of the deferred revenue during the remainder of 2019, $1,074 in 2020, and $1,743 thereafter.

In addition to deferred revenue, the Company has non-cancellable backlog of $509 related to its contracts for rental units with its customers. These rental contracts are classified as operating leases, typically with 12-month lease terms, and rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, were $5,206 and $3,660, respectively, and are included in current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The Company determines the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 60 days.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source for the three months ended September 30, 2019:



	EksoHealth		EksoWorks		Other		Total
Device revenue	$	2,373	$	289	$	—	$	2,662
Service, support and rentals	567		—		—		567
Parts and other	41		31		—		72
Collaborative arrangements	—		—		18		18
	$	2,981	$	320	$	18	$	3,319

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:



	EksoHealth		EksoWorks		Other		Total
Device revenue	$	6,613	$	1,365	$	—	$	7,978
Service, support and rentals	1,941		—		—		1,941
Parts and other	81		171		—		252
Collaborative arrangements	—		—		26		26
	$	8,635	$	1,536	$	26	$	10,197

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source for the three months ended September 30, 2018:



	EksoHealth		EksoWorks		Other		Total
Device revenue	$	1,084	$	736	$	—	$	1,820
Service, support and rentals	644		9		—		653
Parts and other	16		44		—		60
Collaborative arrangements	—		—		17		17
	$	1,744	$	789	$	17	$	2,550

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:



	EksoHealth		EksoWorks		Other		Total
Device revenue	$	4,691	$	1,669	$	—	$	6,360
Service, support and rentals	1,425		9		—		1,434
Parts and other	150		64		—		214
Collaborative arrangements	—		—		28		28
	$	6,266	$	1,742	$	28	$	8,036