Financial Instruments and Fair Values

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Derivative Financial Instruments

We use derivative financial instruments primarily to manage interest rate risk and such derivatives are not considered speculative. These derivative instruments are typically in the form of interest rate swap and forward agreements, and the primary objective is to minimize interest rate risks associated with investing and financing activities. The counterparties of these arrangements are major financial institutions with which we may also have other financial relationships. We are exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by these counterparties; however, we currently do not anticipate that any of the counterparties will fail to meet their obligations.

We have agreements with our derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if we either default or are capable of being declared in default on any of our indebtedness, then we could also be declared in default on our derivative obligations. As of March 31, 2024, we did not have derivatives in a net liability position.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had interest rate swaps and caps with an aggregate notional value of $586.3 million and $573.2 million, respectively. The notional value does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of our derivative instruments in an asset position amounted to $16.7 million, which is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of our derivative instruments amounted to $11.8 million which is included in prepaid expenses and other assets, and ($0.1 million) which is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. These interest rate swaps have been designated as cash flow hedges and hedge the variability in future cash flows associated with our existing variable-rate term loan facilities. Interest rate caps not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage our exposure to interest rate movements, but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, our cash flow hedges are deemed highly effective and a net unrealized gain (loss) of $5.9 million and $(6.7) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, relating to both active and terminated hedges of interest rate risk, are reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the debt. We estimate that $6.8 million net gain of the current balance held in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months.

The table below summarizes the terms of agreements and the fair values of our derivative financial instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):


							March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
Derivative	Notional Amount		Receive Rate	Pay Rate	Effective Date	Expiration Date	Asset		Liability		Asset		Liability
Interest rate swap	$	36,820	70% of 1 Month SOFR	2.5000%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2030	$	659	$	—	$	64	$	—
Interest rate swap	103,790		70% of 1 Month SOFR	2.5000%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2033	1,898		—		—		(85)
Interest rate swap	10,710		70% of 1 Month SOFR	1.7570%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2033	716		—		546		—
Interest rate swap	15,518		1 Month SOFR	2.2540%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2030	951		—		782		—
Interest rate cap	6,780		70% of 1 Month SOFR	4.5000%	December 1, 2021	October 1, 2024	—		—		—		—
Interest rate cap	9,188		1 Month SOFR	5.5000%	December 1, 2021	October 1, 2024	2		—		4		—
Interest rate swap	175,000		SOFR Compound	2.5620%	August 31, 2022	December 31, 2026	7,633		—		5,637		—
Interest rate swap	107,500		SOFR Compound	2.6260%	August 19, 2022	March 19, 2025	2,364		—		2,384		—
Interest rate swap	107,500		SOFR OIS Compound	2.6280%	August 19, 2022	March 19, 2025	2,363		—		2,383		—
Interest rate cap	6,780		70% of 1 Month SOFR	4.5000%	October 1, 2024	November 1, 2030	44		—		—		—
Interest rate cap	6,676		1 Month SOFR	5.5000%	October 1, 2024	November 1, 2030	96		—		—		—
							$	16,726	$	—	$	11,800	$	(85)

The table below shows the effect of our derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (amounts in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
Effects of Cash Flow Hedges		March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)		$	8,198	$	(5,402)
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense		2,324		1,272

The table below shows the effect of our derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (amounts in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
Effects of Cash Flow Hedges		March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Total interest expense presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded		$	(25,128)	$	(25,304)
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense		2,324		1,272

Fair Valuation

The estimated fair values at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were determined by management, using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts we could realize on disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The fair value of derivative instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. Although the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by ourselves and our

counterparties. The impact of such credit valuation adjustments, determined based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all our derivatives were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The fair values of our mortgage notes payable, senior unsecured notes (Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H), unsecured term loan facilities and unsecured revolving credit facility which are determined using Level 3 inputs are estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current interest rates at which similar borrowings could be made by us.

The following tables summarize the carrying and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):


	March 31, 2024
			Estimated Fair Value
	Carrying Value		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Interest rate swaps and caps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	$	16,726	$	16,726	$	—	$	16,726	$	—

Mortgage notes payable	876,497		765,660		—		—		765,660
Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H	973,926		872,714		—		—		872,714
Unsecured term loan facilities	268,503		270,000		—		—		270,000
Unsecured revolving credit facility	120,000		120,000		—		—		120,000


	December 31, 2023
			Estimated Fair Value
	Carrying Value		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Interest rate swaps and caps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	$	11,800	$	11,800	$	—	$	11,800	$	—
Interest rate swaps included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	85		85		—		85		—
Mortgage notes payable	877,388		774,280		—		—		774,280
Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H	973,872		882,242		—		—		882,242
Unsecured term loan facilities	389,286		390,000		—		—		390,000

Disclosure about the fair value of financial instruments is based on pertinent information available to us as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Although we are not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the reasonable fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since that date and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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