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Financing Arrangements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Financing Arrangements Financing Arrangements
The following table presents summary information with respect to the Company’s outstanding financing arrangements as of September 30, 2024: 
Financing ArrangementType of Financing ArrangementRateAmount OutstandingAmount AvailableMaturity Date
JPM Credit FacilityTerm Loan Credit Facility
SOFR+2.55%(1)
$450,000 $112,500 June 15, 2027
2026 Notes(2)Note Purchase Agreement
4.50%
125,000 — February 11, 2026
UBS FacilityRepurchase Agreement
SOFR+3.20%
100,000 50,000 November 19, 2024
Series A Notes(3)Israel Public Bond Offering
SOFR+3.82%
114,844 — August 31, 2026
2027 Notes (Tranche A)Note Purchase Agreement
SOFR+4.75%
100,000 — November 8, 2027
2027 Notes (Tranche B)Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement
SOFR+3.90%
100,000 — November 8, 2027
2022 Term LoanTerm Loan Facility Agreement
SOFR+3.50%
50,000 — April 27, 2027
2024 Term LoanTerm Loan Facility Agreement
SOFR+3.80%
30,000 — September 30, 2027
$1,069,844 $162,500 
(1)34th Street will pay an annual administration fee of 0.20% on JPM's total financing commitment. The administration fee is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
(2)As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the 2026 Notes was $125,000, which was based on a yield analysis and discount rate commensurate with the market yields for similar types of debt. The fair value of these debt obligations would be categorized as Level 3 under ASC 820 as of September 30, 2024.
(3)As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the Series A Notes was $120,114, which was based on readily observable, transparent prices. The fair value of these debt obligations would be categorized as Level 1 under ASC 820 as of September 30, 2024.
JPM Credit Facility
On August 26, 2016, 34th Street entered into a senior secured credit facility with JPM. The senior secured credit facility with JPM, or the JPM Credit Facility, provided for borrowings in an aggregate principal amount of $150,000, of which $25,000 could have been funded as a revolving credit facility, each subject to conditions described in the JPM Credit Facility. On August 26, 2016, 34th Street drew down $57,000 of borrowings under the JPM Credit Facility.
On September 30, 2016, July 11, 2017, November 28, 2017 and May 23, 2018, 34th Street amended and restated the JPM Credit Facility, or the Amended JPM Credit Facility, with JPM. Under the Amended JPM Credit Facility entered into on September 30, 2016, the aggregate principal amount available for borrowings was increased from $150,000 to $225,000, of which $25,000 could have been funded as a revolving credit facility, subject to conditions described in the Amended JPM Credit Facility. Under the Amended JPM Credit Facility entered into on July 11, 2017 and November 28, 2017, certain immaterial administrative amendments were made as a result of the termination of AIM as the Company's investment sub-adviser as discussed in Note 1. Under the Amended JPM Credit Facility entered into on May 23, 2018, (i) the aggregate principal amount available for borrowings was increased from $225,000 to $275,000, of which $25,000 could have been funded as a revolving credit facility, subject to conditions described in the Amended JPM Credit Facility, (ii) the reinvestment period was extended until August 24, 2020 and (iii) the maturity date was extended to August 24, 2021.
On May 15, 2020, 34th Street amended and restated the Amended JPM Credit Facility, or the Second Amended JPM Credit Facility, with JPM in order to fully repay all amounts outstanding under the Company's prior Citibank Credit Facility and MS Credit Facility and repay $100,000 of advances outstanding under the UBS Facility (as described below). Under the Second Amended JPM Credit Facility, the aggregate principal amount available for borrowings was increased from $275,000 to $700,000, of which $75,000 could have been funded as a revolving credit facility, subject to conditions described in the Second Amended JPM Credit Facility, during the reinvestment period. Under the Second Amended JPM Credit Facility, the reinvestment period was extended until May 15, 2022 and the maturity date was extended to May 15, 2023. Advances under the Second Amended JPM Credit Facility bore interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR, plus a spread of 3.25% per year.
On February 26, 2021, 34th Street amended and restated the Second Amended JPM Credit Facility, or the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility, with JPM. Under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility, the aggregate principal amount available for borrowings was reduced from $700,000 to $575,000, subject to conditions described in the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility. In addition, under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility, the reinvestment period was extended from May 15, 2022 to May 15, 2023 and the maturity date was extended from May 15, 2023 to May 15, 2024. Advances under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility bore interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR, plus a spread of 3.10% per year. 34th Street incurred certain customary costs and expenses in connection with the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility.
On March 28, 2022, 34th Street entered into a First Amendment to the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility with JPM, or the JPM First Amendment. Under the JPM First Amendment, the aggregate principal amount available for borrowings was increased from $575,000 to $675,000, subject to conditions described in the JPM First Amendment. Additional advances of up to $100,000 under the JPM First Amendment bore interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month SOFR, plus a credit spread of 3.10% per year, and a LIBOR to SOFR credit spread adjustment of 0.15%. 34th Street incurred certain customary costs and expenses in connection with the JPM First Amendment.
On May 15, 2023, 34th Street entered into a Second Amendment to the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility with JPM, or the JPM Second Amendment. Under the JPM Second Amendment, the aggregate principal amount available for borrowings remained unchanged of up to $675,000 but all such advances bore interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month SOFR, plus a credit spread of 3.05% per year, and a LIBOR to SOFR credit spread adjustment of 0.15%. The reinvestment period was extended from May 15, 2023 to May 15, 2024 and the maturity date was extended from May 15, 2024 to May 15, 2025. Also under the JPM Second Amendment, the amount of minimum borrowings required was reduced by $50,000 to $550,000 with a six-month non-call provision. 34th Street incurred certain customary costs and expenses in connection with the JPM Second Amendment.
On May 14, 2024 and June 17, 2024, 34th Street entered into a Third Amendment and a Fourth Amendment, respectively, to the Third Amended JPM Credit Agreement with JPM. Under these amendments, the reinvestment period was extended from May 15, 2024 to June 17, 2024 and from June 17, 2024 to July 15, 2024, respectively, as a bridge to the parties entering into a broader amendment to the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility.
On July 15, 2024, 34th Street entered into a Fifth Amendment to the Third Amended JPM Credit Agreement with JPM, or the JPM Fifth Amendment. Under the JPM Fifth Amendment, advances to 34th Street remain unchanged of up to $675,000, but the credit spread on the floating interest rate payable by 34th Street on all such advances was reduced from the three-month SOFR plus a credit spread of 3.20% per year to SOFR plus a credit spread of 2.55% per year. Also under the JPM Fifth Amendment, the reinvestment period was extended from July 15, 2024 to June 15, 2026 and the maturity date was extended from May 15, 2025 to June 15, 2027. 34th Street incurred certain customary costs and expenses in connection with the JPM Fifth Amendment and will pay an annual administrative fee of 0.20% on JPM's total financing commitment.
Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. 34th Street may prepay advances pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility, subject to a 1.0% premium in certain circumstances. In addition, 34th Street will be subject to a non-usage fee of 0.8% per year on the amount, if any, of the aggregate principal amount available under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility that has not been borrowed through June 14, 2026. This non-usage fee of 0.8% was reduced from 1.0% in the JPM Fifth Amendment. The non-usage fees, if any, are payable quarterly in arrears.
As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate principal amount outstanding on the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility was $550,000. On September 25, 2024, 34th Street reduced the aggregate principal borrowings available under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility from $675,000 to $600,000 and repaid $70,000 of outstanding borrowings. On September 30, 2024, 34th Street reduced the aggregate principal borrowings available under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility from $600,000 to $562,500 and repaid $30,000 of outstanding borrowings. As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate principal amount outstanding on the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility was $450,000 and the aggregate unfunded principal amount was $112,500. The carrying amount outstanding under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility approximates its fair value.
The Company contributed loans and other corporate debt securities to 34th Street in exchange for 100% of the membership interests of 34th Street, and may contribute additional loans and other corporate debt securities to 34th Street in the future. 34th Street’s obligations to JPM under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in all of the assets of 34th Street. The obligations of 34th Street under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility are non-recourse to the Company, and the Company’s exposure under the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility is limited to the value of the Company’s investment in 34th Street.
In connection with the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility, 34th Street made certain representations and warranties and is required to comply with a borrowing base requirement, various covenants, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar facilities. As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, 34th Street was in compliance with all covenants and reporting requirements.
Through September 30, 2024, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $18,070 in connection with obtaining and amending the JPM Credit Facility, which were recorded as a direct reduction to the outstanding balance of the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and will amortize to interest expense over the term of the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility. At September 30, 2024, the unamortized portion of the debt issuance costs was $5,494.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2023, the components of interest expense, average borrowings, and weighted average interest rate for the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Year Ended December 31,
20242023202420232023
Stated interest expense$11,226 $13,193 $35,007 $37,568 $50,223 
Amortization of deferred financing costs522 501 1,512 1,597 2,097 
Non-usage fee318 192 950 552 808 
Total interest expense$12,066 $13,886 $37,469 $39,717 $53,128 
Weighted average interest rate(1)8.30 %8.64 %8.62 %8.34 %8.45 %
Average borrowings$544,348 $600,000 $548,102 $602,198 $595,342 
(1)Includes the stated interest expense and non-usage fee on the unused portion of the Third Amended JPM Credit Facility and is annualized for periods covering less than one year.

2026 Notes
On February 11, 2021, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with certain purchasers, or the Note Purchase Agreement, in connection with the Company’s issuance of $125,000 aggregate principal amount of its 4.50% senior unsecured notes due in 2026, or the 2026 Notes. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $122,300, after the deduction of placement agent fees and other financing expenses, which the Company used to repay debt under its secured financing arrangements.
The 2026 Notes mature on February 11, 2026. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per year payable semi-annually on February 11th and August 11th of each year, which commenced on August 11, 2021. The Company has the right to, at its option, redeem all or a part that is not less than 10% of the 2026 Notes (i) after February 11, 2024 but on or before February 11, 2025, at a redemption price equal to 102% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, (ii) after February 11, 2025 but on or before August 11, 2025, at a redemption price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, and (iii) after August 11, 2025, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
The 2026 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all existing and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company, rank effectively junior to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness (including unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and rank structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, financing vehicles or similar facilities.
The Note Purchase Agreement contains other terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as (i) information reporting, (ii) maintenance of the Company’s status as a BDC, (iii) minimum shareholders’ equity of $543.6 million, (iv) a minimum asset coverage ratio of not less than 150%, (v) a minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00 and (vi) an unencumbered asset coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00, provided that (a) first lien senior secured loans and cash represent more than 65% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio and (b) equity interests or structured products in the aggregate represent less than 15% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio. As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and reporting requirements.
The Note Purchase Agreement also contains a “most favored lender” provision in favor of the purchasers in respect of any new unsecured credit facilities, loans or indebtedness in excess of $25,000 incurred by the Company, which indebtedness contains a financial covenant not contained in, or more restrictive against the Company than those contained, in the Note Purchase Agreement. In addition, the Note Purchase Agreement contains customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness or derivative securities of the Company in an outstanding aggregate principal amount of at least $25,000, certain judgments and orders, and certain events of bankruptcy.
As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate principal amount of 2026 Notes outstanding was $125,000.
Through September 30, 2024, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $2,669 in connection with issuing the 2026 Notes, which were recorded as a direct reduction to the outstanding balance of the 2026 Notes, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and will amortize to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes. At September 30, 2024, the unamortized portion of the debt issuance costs was $729.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2023, the components of interest expense, average borrowings, and weighted average interest rate for the 2026 Notes were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2024202320242023
Stated interest expense$1,407 $1,407 $4,219 $4,219 $5,625 
Amortization of deferred financing costs134 135 400 399 533 
Total interest expense$1,541 $1,542 $4,619 $4,618 $6,158 
Weighted average interest rate(1)4.50 %4.50 %4.50 %4.50 %4.50 %
Average borrowings$125,000 $125,000 $125,000 $125,000 $125,000 
(1)Includes the stated interest expense on the 2026 Notes and is annualized for periods covering less than one year.
UBS Facility
On May 19, 2017, the Company, through two newly-formed, wholly-owned, special-purpose financing subsidiaries, entered into a financing arrangement with UBS pursuant to which up to $125,000 was made available to the Company.
Pursuant to the financing arrangement, assets in the Company's portfolio may be contributed from time to time to Murray Hill Funding II through Murray Hill Funding, LLC, or Murray Hill Funding, each a newly-formed, wholly-owned, special-purpose financing subsidiary of the Company. On May 19, 2017, the Company contributed assets to Murray Hill Funding II. The assets held by Murray Hill Funding II secure the obligations of Murray Hill Funding II under Class A-1 Notes, or the Notes, issued by Murray Hill Funding II. Pursuant to an Indenture, dated May 19, 2017, between Murray Hill Funding II and U.S. Bank National Association, or U.S. Bank, as trustee, or the Indenture, the aggregate principal amount of Notes that may be issued by Murray Hill Funding II from time to time was $192,308. Murray Hill Funding purchased the Notes issued by Murray Hill Funding II at a purchase price equal to their par value. Murray Hill Funding makes capital contributions to Murray Hill Funding II to, among other things, maintain the value of the portfolio of assets held by Murray Hill Funding II.
Principal on the Notes will be due and payable on the stated maturity date of May 19, 2027. Pursuant to the Indenture, Murray Hill Funding II made certain representations and warranties and is required to comply with various covenants, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar transactions. The Indenture contains events of default customary for similar transactions, including, without limitation: (a) the failure to make principal payments on the Notes at their stated maturity or any earlier redemption date or to make interest payments on the Notes and such failure is not cured within three business days; (b) the failure to disburse amounts in accordance with the priority of payments and such failure is not cured within three business days; and (c) the occurrence of certain bankruptcy and insolvency events with respect to Murray Hill Funding II or Murray Hill Funding. As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, Murray Hill Funding II was in compliance with all covenants and reporting requirements.
Murray Hill Funding, in turn, entered into a repurchase transaction with UBS, pursuant to the terms of a Global Master Repurchase Agreement and the related Annex and Master Confirmation thereto, each dated May 19, 2017, or collectively, the UBS Facility. Pursuant to the UBS Facility, on May 19, 2017 and June 19, 2017, UBS purchased Notes held by Murray Hill Funding for an aggregate purchase price equal to 65% of the principal amount of Notes purchased. Subject to certain conditions, the maximum principal amount of Notes that may be purchased under the UBS Facility was $192,308. Accordingly, the aggregate maximum amount payable to Murray Hill Funding under the UBS Facility would not exceed $125,000. Murray Hill Funding was required to repurchase the Notes sold to UBS under the UBS Facility by no later than May 19, 2020. The repurchase price paid by Murray Hill Funding to UBS will be equal to the purchase price paid by UBS for the repurchased Notes (giving effect to any reductions resulting from voluntary partial prepayment(s)). The financing fee under the UBS Facility was equal to the three-month LIBOR plus a spread of up to 3.50% per year for the relevant period.
On December 1, 2017, Murray Hill Funding II amended and restated the Indenture, or the Amended Indenture, pursuant to which the aggregate principal amount of Notes that may be issued by Murray Hill Funding II was increased from $192,308 to $266,667. On December 1, 2017, Murray Hill Funding entered into a First Amended and Restated Master Confirmation to the Global Master Repurchase Agreement, or the Amended Master Confirmation, which sets forth the terms of the repurchase transaction between Murray Hill Funding and UBS under the UBS Facility. As part of the Amended Master Confirmation, on December 15, 2017 and April 2, 2018, UBS purchased the increased aggregate principal amount of Notes held by Murray Hill Funding for an aggregate purchase price equal to 75% of the principal amount of Notes issued. As a result of the Amended Master Confirmation, the aggregate maximum amount payable to Murray Hill Funding and made available to the Company under the UBS Facility was increased from $125,000 to $200,000.
On May 19, 2020, Murray Hill Funding entered into a Second Amended and Restated Master Confirmation to the Global Master Repurchase Agreement, or the Second Amended Master Confirmation, which extended the date that Murray Hill Funding was required to repurchase the Notes sold to UBS under the Amended UBS Facility from May 19, 2020 to November 19, 2020, and increased the spread on the financing fee from 3.50% to 3.90% per year.
On May 19, 2020, Murray Hill Funding also repurchased Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $133,333 from UBS for an aggregate repurchase price of $100,000, which was then repaid by Murray Hill Funding II. The repurchase of the Notes on May 19, 2020 resulted in a repayment of one-half of the outstanding amount of borrowings under the Amended UBS Facility as of May 19, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, Notes remained outstanding in the aggregate principal amount of $133,333, which was purchased by Murray Hill Funding from Murray Hill Funding II and subsequently sold to UBS under the Amended UBS Facility for aggregate proceeds of $100,000.
On November 12, 2020, Murray Hill Funding entered into a Third Amended and Restated Master Confirmation to the Global Master Repurchase Agreement, or the Third Amended Master Confirmation, to further extend the date that Murray Hill Funding was required to repurchase the Notes to December 18, 2020.
On December 17, 2020, Murray Hill Funding entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Master Confirmation to the Global Master Repurchase Agreement, or the Fourth Amended Master Confirmation, which further extended the date that Murray Hill Funding was required to repurchase the Notes sold to UBS under the Amended UBS Facility from December 18, 2020 to November 19, 2023, and decreased the spread on the financing fee from 3.90% to 3.375% per year.
On December 17, 2020, Murray Hill Funding also entered into a Revolving Credit Note Agreement, or the Revolving Note Agreement, with Murray Hill Funding II, UBS and U.S. Bank, as note agent and trustee, which provides for a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $50,000, subject to compliance with a borrowing base. Murray Hill Funding II will issue Class A-R Notes, or the Class A-R Notes, in exchange for advances under the Revolving Note Agreement. Principal on the Class A-R Notes will be due and payable on the stated maturity date of May 19, 2027, which is the same stated maturity date as the Notes.
The Class A-R Notes will be issued pursuant to a Second Amended and Restated Indenture, dated December 17, 2020, between Murray Hill Funding II and U.S. Bank, as trustee, or the Second Amended Indenture. Under the Second Amended Indenture, the aggregate principal amount of Notes and Class A-R Notes that may be issued by Murray Hill Funding II from time to time is $150,000. Murray Hill Funding, in turn, entered into a repurchase transaction with UBS pursuant to the terms of the related Annex and Master Confirmation, dated December 17, 2020, to the Global Master Repurchase Agreement, dated May 19, 2017, related to the Class A-R Notes. Murray Hill Funding was required to repurchase the Class A-R Notes that will be sold to UBS by no later than November 19, 2023. The financing fee for the funded Class A-R Notes was equal to the three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.375% per year while the financing fee for the unfunded Class A-R Notes is equal to 0.75% per year.
On June 14, 2023, Murray Hill Funding entered into with UBS (i) a Fifth Amended and Restated Master Confirmation (Class A-1 Notes) to the Global Master Repurchase Agreement, or the Fifth Amended Master Confirmation, and (ii) an Amended and Restated Master Confirmation (Class A-R Notes) to the Global Master Repurchase Agreement, or the Amended Master Confirmation. Under both Confirmations, the date that Murray Hill Funding will be required to repurchase the Notes and the Class A-R Notes previously sold to UBS under the Amended UBS Facility was extended from November 19, 2023 to November 19, 2024. Also under both Confirmations, the financing fee payable to UBS was revised from a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR, plus a spread of 3.375% per year, to a floating rate equal to the three-month SOFR, plus a spread of (a) to (but excluding) November 19, 2023, 3.525% per year, and (b) thereafter, 3.20% per year. The effective date of both Confirmations was June 15, 2023.
On July 1, 2021, December 14, 2021, April 19, 2022 and August 16, 2023, UBS purchased Class A-R Notes held by Murray Hill Funding for an aggregate purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of Class A-R Notes purchased, which was $21,000, $25,000, $17,500 and $22,500, respectively. On August 20, 2021, March 7, 2023 and April 14, 2023, Murray Hill Funding repurchased Class A-R Notes from UBS in the aggregate principal amount of $21,000, $17,500 and $25,000, respectively, for an aggregate repurchase price of $21,000, $17,500 and $25,000, respectively, which was then repaid by Murray Hill Funding II. The repurchase of the Class A-R Notes on August 20, 2021, March 7, 2023 and April 14, 2023 resulted in repayments of $21,000, $17,500 and $25,000, respectively, of the outstanding amount of borrowings under the Amended UBS Facility.
UBS may require Murray Hill Funding to post cash collateral if, without limitation, the sum of the market value of the portfolio of assets and the cash and eligible investments held by Murray Hill Funding II, together with any posted cash collateral, is less than the required margin amount under the Amended UBS Facility; provided, however, that Murray Hill Funding will not be required to post cash collateral with UBS until such market value has declined at least 10% from the initial market value of the portfolio assets.
The Company has no contractual obligation to post any such cash collateral or to make any payments to UBS on behalf of Murray Hill Funding. The Company may, but is not obligated to, increase its investment in Murray Hill Funding for the purpose of funding any cash collateral or payment obligations for which Murray Hill Funding becomes obligated in connection with the Amended UBS Facility. The Company’s exposure under the Amended UBS Facility is limited to the value of the Company’s investment in Murray Hill Funding.  
Pursuant to the Amended UBS Facility, Murray Hill Funding made certain representations and warranties and is required to comply with a borrowing base requirement, various covenants, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar transactions. The Amended UBS Facility contains events of default customary for similar financing transactions, including, without limitation: (a) failure to transfer the Notes to UBS on the applicable purchase date or repurchase the Notes from UBS on the applicable repurchase date; (b) failure to pay certain fees and make-whole amounts when due; (c) failure to post cash collateral as required; (d) the occurrence of insolvency events with respect to Murray Hill Funding; and (e) the admission by Murray Hill Funding of its inability to, or its intention not to, perform any of its obligations under the Amended UBS Facility. As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, Murray Hill Funding was in compliance with all covenants and reporting requirements.
Murray Hill Funding paid an upfront fee and incurred certain other customary costs and expenses totaling $2,637 in connection with obtaining the Amended UBS Facility, which were recorded as a direct reduction to the outstanding balance of the Amended UBS Facility, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and amortized to interest expense over the term of the Amended UBS Facility. At September 30, 2024, all upfront fees and other expenses were fully amortized.
As of September 30, 2024, Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $100,000 had been purchased by Murray Hill Funding from Murray Hill Funding II and subsequently sold to UBS under the Amended UBS Facility for aggregate proceeds of $100,000. The carrying amount outstanding under the Amended UBS Facility approximates its fair value. The Company funded each purchase of Notes by Murray Hill Funding through a capital contribution to Murray Hill Funding. As of September 30, 2024, the amount due at maturity under the Amended UBS Facility was $100,000. The Notes issued by Murray Hill Funding II and purchased by Murray Hill Funding eliminate in consolidation on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of assets held by Murray Hill Funding II was $234,227.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2023, the components of interest expense, average borrowings, and weighted average interest rate for the Amended UBS Facility were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Year Ended December 31,
20242023202420232023
Stated interest expense$2,152 $2,554 $6,926 $7,520 $10,297 
Non-usage fee96 74 245 186 239 
Total interest expense$2,248 $2,628 $7,171 $7,706 $10,536 
Weighted average interest rate(1)8.80 %9.03 %8.80 %8.65 %8.76 %
Average borrowings$100,000 $111,250 $107,062 $117,299 $118,610 
(1)Includes the stated interest expense and non-usage fee on the unused portion of the Amended UBS Facility and is annualized for periods covering less than one year.
Series A Notes
On February 28, 2023, the Company entered into a Deed of Trust, or the Deed of Trust, with Mishmeret Trust Company Ltd., as trustee, under which the Company issued $80,712 in aggregate principal amount of its Series A Unsecured Notes due 2026, or the Series A Notes. The Series A Notes offering in Israel closed on February 28, 2023 and the Series A Notes listed and commenced trading on the TASE on February 28, 2023. After the deduction of fees and other offering expenses, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $77,900, which it used to make investments in portfolio companies in accordance with its investment objectives and for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Series A Notes are rated A1.il by Midroog Ltd., an affiliate of Moody’s. The carrying amount outstanding under the Series A Notes approximates its fair value.
The Series A Notes will mature on August 31, 2026 and may be redeemed in whole or in part at the Company's option at par plus a “make-whole” premium, if applicable, as set forth in the Deed of Trust. The Series A Notes bear interest at a rate equal to SOFR plus a credit spread of 3.82% per year, which will be paid quarterly on February 28, May 31, August 31, and November 30 of each year, which commenced on May 31, 2023. The Series A Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Series A Notes, rank pari passu with all existing and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company, rank effectively junior to any of the Company's secured indebtedness (including unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and rank structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by the Company's subsidiaries, financing vehicles or similar facilities.
The Deed of Trust contains other terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as (i) information reporting, (ii) maintenance of the Company’s status as a BDC within the meaning of the 1940 Act, (iii) minimum shareholders’ equity of $525 million, (iv) a minimum asset coverage ratio of not less than 150%, and (v) an unencumbered asset coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00. In addition, the Deed of Trust contains customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under the Company’s other indebtedness in an outstanding aggregate principal amount of at least $50,000, certain judgments and orders, and certain events of bankruptcy. As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and reporting requirements.
On February 26, 2023, the Company’s shares of common stock also listed and commenced trading on the TASE under the ticker symbol “CION”.
On October 10, 2023, the Company issued $34,132 in aggregate principal amount of its additional Series A Unsecured Notes due 2026, or the Additional Series A Notes, to institutional investors in Israel. The Additional Series A Notes were issued pursuant to the Deed of Trust and were issued by way of expanding, and have the same terms and conditions as, the existing Series A Notes that were issued by the Company on February 28, 2023. After the deduction of fees and other offering expenses, the Company received net proceeds of $32,317, which the Company used to make investments in portfolio companies in accordance with its investment objectives and for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Additional Series A Notes are rated A1.il by Midroog Ltd., an affiliate of Moody’s, and commenced trading on the TASE on October 10, 2023.
Through September 30, 2024, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $5,139 in connection with issuing the Series A Notes and the Additional Series A Notes, which were recorded as a direct reduction to the outstanding balance of the Series A Notes and the Additional Series A Notes, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and will amortize to interest expense over the term of the Series A Notes and the Additional Series A Notes. At September 30, 2024, the unamortized portion of the debt issuance costs was $3,057.
For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, for the period from February 28, 2023 through September 30, 2023 and for the period from February 28, 2023 through December 31, 2023, the components of interest expense, average borrowings, and weighted average interest rate for the Series A Notes were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2024
For the Period From February 28, 2023 Through September 30, 2023For the Period From February 28, 2023 Through
December 31, 2023
20242023
Stated interest expense$2,660 $1,844 $7,973 $4,243 $6,886 
Amortization of deferred financing costs402 217 1,197 507 887 
Total interest expense$3,062 $2,061 $9,170 $4,750 $7,773 
Weighted average interest rate(1)9.13 %8.97 %9.12 %8.87 %8.98 %
Average borrowings$114,844 $80,712 $114,844 $80,712 $89,940 
(1) Includes the stated interest expense on the Series A Notes and the Additional Series A Notes and is annualized for periods covering less than one year.
2027 Notes
On November 8, 2023, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with certain institutional investors, or the 2027 Note Purchase Agreement, in connection with the Company’s issuance of $100,000 aggregate principal amount of its senior unsecured notes, tranche A, due 2027, or the 2027 Notes, at a purchase price equal to 99.25% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes. The net proceeds to the Company were $98,290, after the deduction of placement agent fees and other financing expenses, which the Company used to primarily repay debt under its senior secured financing arrangements, make investments in portfolio companies in accordance with its investment objectives, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. The 2027 Notes are rated BBB (low) by DBRS, Inc.
The 2027 Notes mature on November 8, 2027. The 2027 Notes bear interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month SOFR plus a credit spread of 4.75% per year and subject to a 2.00% SOFR floor, which will be paid quarterly on February 15, May 15, August 15, and November 15 of each year, commencing on February 15, 2024. The Company has the right to, at its option, redeem all or a part that is not less than 10% of the 2027 Notes (i) on or before August 8, 2027, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of 2027 Notes to be redeemed plus an applicable “make-whole” amount equal to (x) the discounted value of the remaining scheduled payments with respect to the principal of such 2027 Note that is to be prepaid or becomes due and payable pursuant to the 2027 Note Purchase Agreement over (y) the amount of such called principal, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, and (ii) after August 8, 2027, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. For any redemptions occurring on or before August 8, 2027, the discounted value portion of the “make whole amount” is calculated by applying a discount rate on the same periodic basis as that on which interest on the 2027 Notes is payable equal to the sum of 0.50% plus the yield to maturity of the most recently issued U.S. Treasury securities having a maturity equal to the remaining average life of the 2027 Notes, or if there are no such U.S. Treasury securities, using such implied yield to maturity determined in accordance with the terms of the 2027 Note Purchase Agreement.
The 2027 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all existing and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company, rank effectively junior to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness (including unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and rank structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, financing vehicles or similar facilities.

The 2027 Note Purchase Agreement contains other terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as (i) information reporting, (ii) maintenance of the Company’s status as a business development company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, (iii) minimum shareholders’ equity of $543.6 million, (iv) a minimum asset coverage ratio of not less than 150%, (v) a minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00 and (vi) an unencumbered asset coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00, provided that (a) first lien senior secured loans and cash represent more than 65% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio and (b) equity interests or structured products in the aggregate represent less than 15% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio. The 2027 Note Purchase Agreement also contains a “most favored lender” provision in favor of the purchasers in respect of any new credit facilities, loans, notes or unsecured indebtedness in excess of $25 million incurred by the Company, which indebtedness contains a financial covenant not contained in, or more restrictive against the Company than those contained, in the 2027 Note Purchase Agreement. In addition, the 2027 Note Purchase Agreement contains customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness or derivative securities of the Company in an outstanding aggregate principal amount of at least $25 million, certain judgments and orders, and certain events of bankruptcy. As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and reporting requirements.

On September 18, 2024, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement with certain institutional investors, or the AR Note Purchase Agreement, in connection with the Company’s issuance of $100,000 aggregate principal amount of its floating rate senior unsecured notes, tranche B, due 2027, or the Tranche B Notes, at a purchase price equal to par. The Tranche B Notes represent an add-on, second tranche of, and except as described herein have the same terms and conditions as, the 2027 Notes that were issued by the Company in November 2023. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $96,200, after the deduction of a commitment fee of $2,875, placement agent fees and other financing expenses. The Tranche B Notes are rated investment grade.

The Tranche B Notes mature on November 8, 2027. The Tranche B Notes bear interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month SOFR plus a credit spread of 3.90% per year and subject to a 2.00% SOFR floor, which will be paid quarterly on February 15, May 15, August 15, and November 15 of each year, commencing on November 15, 2024.
Through September 30, 2024, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $5,365 in connection with issuing the 2027 Notes and the Tranche B Notes, which were recorded as a direct reduction to the outstanding balance of the 2027 Notes and the Tranche B Notes, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and will amortize to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes and the Tranche B Notes. At September 30, 2024, the unamortized portion of the debt issuance costs was $4,939.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and for the period from November 8, 2023 through December 31, 2023, the components of interest expense, average borrowings, and weighted average interest rate for the 2027 Notes and the Tranche B Notes were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2024
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2024
For the Period From November 8, 2023 Through
December 31, 2023
Stated interest expense$2,864 $7,952 $1,495 
Amortization of deferred financing costs149 362 63 
Total interest expense$3,013 $8,314 $1,558 
Weighted average interest rate(1)9.82 %9.97 %9.97 %
Average borrowings$114,130 $104,745 $100,000 
(1) Includes the stated interest expense on the 2027 Notes and the Tranche B Notes and is annualized for periods covering less than one year.
2022 Term Loan
On April 27, 2022, the Company entered into an Unsecured Term Loan Facility Agreement, or the 2022 Term Loan Agreement, with an Israeli institutional investor, as lender, which provided for an unsecured term loan to the Company in an aggregate principal amount of $50,000, or the 2022 Term Loan. On April 27, 2022, the Company drew down $50,000 of borrowings under the 2022 Term Loan. After the deduction of fees and other financing expenses, the Company received net borrowings of approximately $49,000, which it used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The carrying amount outstanding under the 2022 Term Loan approximates its fair value.

Advances under the 2022 Term Loan bear interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month SOFR, plus a credit spread of 3.50% per year and subject to a 1.0% SOFR floor, payable quarterly in arrears. Advances under the 2022 Term Loan mature on April 27, 2027. The Company has the right to, at its option, prepay all or any portion of advances then outstanding together with a prepayment fee equal to the higher of (i) zero, or (ii) the discounted present value of all remaining interest payments that would have been paid by the Company through the maturity date with respect to the principal amount of such advance that is to be prepaid or becomes due and payable pursuant to the 2022 Term Loan Agreement. The discounted present value portion of the prepayment fee is calculated by applying a discount rate on the same periodic basis as that on which interest on advances is payable equal to the three-month SOFR plus 2.00%.
Advances under the 2022 Term Loan are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all existing and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company, rank effectively junior to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness (including unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and rank structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, financing vehicles or similar facilities.

The 2022 Term Loan Agreement contains other terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as (i) information reporting, (ii) maintenance of the Company’s status as a BDC within the meaning of the 1940 Act, (iii) minimum shareholders’ equity of 60% of the Company’s net asset value as of the year ended December 31, 2021 plus 50% of the net cash proceeds of the sale of certain equity interests by the Company after April 27, 2022, if any, (iv) a minimum asset coverage ratio of not less than 150%, and (v) an unencumbered asset coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00, provided that (a) first lien senior secured loans and cash represent more than 65% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio and (b) equity interests or structured products in the aggregate represent less than 15% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio. In addition, the 2022 Term Loan Agreement contains customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness or derivative securities of the Company in an outstanding aggregate principal amount of at least $25,000, certain judgments and orders, and certain events of bankruptcy. As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and reporting requirements.
Through September 30, 2024, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $1,025 in connection with obtaining the 2022 Term Loan, which were recorded as a direct reduction to the outstanding balance of the 2022 Term Loan, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and will amortize to interest expense over the term of the 2022 Term Loan. At September 30, 2024, the unamortized portion of the debt issuance costs was $526.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2023, the components of interest expense, average borrowings, and weighted average interest rate for the 2022 Term Loan were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Year Ended December 31,
20242023202420232023
Stated interest expense$1,128 $1,118 $3,356 $3,191 $4,328 
Amortization of deferred financing costs52 51 154 153 205 
Total interest expense$1,180 $1,169 $3,510 $3,344 $4,533 
Weighted average interest rate(1)8.83 %8.74 %8.82 %8.42 %8.54 %
Average borrowings$50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 
(1) Includes the stated interest expense on the 2022 Term Loan and is annualized for periods covering less than one year.
2021 Term Loan
On April 14, 2021, the Company entered into an Unsecured Term Loan Facility Agreement, or the Term Loan Agreement, with an Israeli institutional investor, as lender. The Term Loan Agreement with such lender, or the 2021 Term Loan, provided for an unsecured term loan to the Company in an aggregate principal amount of $30,000. On April 20, 2021, the Company drew down $30,000 of borrowings under the 2021 Term Loan. After the deduction of fees and other financing expenses, the Company received net borrowings of approximately $29,000, which the Company used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

Advances under the 2021 Term Loan were scheduled to mature on September 30, 2024, and bore interest at a rate of 5.20% per year payable quarterly in arrears. The Company had the right to, at its option, prepay all or any portion of advances then outstanding together with a prepayment fee equal to the higher of (i) zero, or (ii) the discounted present value of all remaining interest payments that would have been paid by the Company through the maturity date with respect to the principal amount of such advance that was to be prepaid or became due and payable pursuant to the Term Loan Agreement. The discounted present value portion of the prepayment fee was calculated by applying a discount rate on the same periodic basis as that on which interest on advances was payable equal to the sum of 2.00% plus the yield to maturity of the most recently issued U.S. Treasury securities having a maturity equal to the remaining average life of the 2021 Term Loan, or if there were no such U.S. Treasury securities, using such implied yield to maturity determined in accordance with the terms of the Term Loan Agreement.
Advances under the 2021 Term Loan were general unsecured obligations of the Company that ranked pari passu with all existing and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company, ranked effectively junior to the Company's secured indebtedness (including unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and ranked structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by certain of the Company's subsidiaries, financing vehicles or similar facilities.
The Term Loan Agreement contained other terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as (i) information reporting, (ii) maintenance of the Company's status as a BDC within the meaning of the 1940 Act, (iii) minimum shareholders’ equity of 60% of the Company’s net asset value as of the year ended December 31, 2020 plus 50% of the net cash proceeds of the sale of certain equity interests by the Company after April 14, 2021, if any, (iv) a minimum asset coverage ratio of not less than 150%, and (v) an unencumbered asset coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00, provided that (a) first lien senior secured loans and cash represented more than 65% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio and (b) equity interests or structured products in the aggregate represented less than 15% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio. In addition, the Term Loan Agreement contained customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross default under other indebtedness or derivative securities of the Company in an outstanding aggregate principal amount of at least $25,000, certain judgments and orders, and certain events of bankruptcy. As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and reporting requirements.
On September 24, 2024, the Company fully repaid all outstanding principal and interest on and otherwise satisfied all its obligations under the 2021 Term Loan.
Through September 30, 2024, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $992 in connection with obtaining the 2021 Term Loan, which were recorded as a direct reduction to the outstanding balance of the 2021 Term Loan, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and was to amortize to interest expense over the term of the 2021 Term Loan. At September 30, 2024, all upfront fees and other expenses were fully amortized.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2023, the components of interest expense, average borrowings, and weighted average interest rate for the 2021 Term Loan were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Year Ended December 31,
20242023202420232023
Stated interest expense$368 $399 $1,157 $1,183 $1,582 
Amortization of deferred financing costs66 72 209 215 288 
Total interest expense$434 $471 $1,366 $1,398 $1,870 
Weighted average interest rate(1)5.20 %5.20 %5.20 %5.20 %5.20 %
Average borrowings$27,717 $30,000 $29,234 $30,000 $30,000 
(1) Includes the stated interest expense on the 2021 Term Loan and is annualized for periods covering less than one year.
2024 Term Loan

On September 30, 2024, the Company entered into an Unsecured Term Loan Facility Agreement, or the 2024 Term Loan Agreement, with an Israeli institutional investor, as lender, which provides for an unsecured term loan to the Company in an aggregate principal amount of $30,000, or the 2024 Term Loan. After the deduction of fees and other financing expenses, the Company received net borrowings of approximately $29,400 less customary legal fees and other expenses, which the Company used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Advances under the 2024 Term Loan bear interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month SOFR, plus a credit spread of 3.80% per year and subject to a 4.0% SOFR floor, payable quarterly in arrears. Advances under the 2024 Term Loan mature on September 30, 2027. The Company has the right to, at its option, prepay all or any portion of advances then outstanding together with a prepayment fee equal to the higher of (i) zero, or (ii) the discounted present value of all remaining interest payments that would have been paid by the Company through the maturity date with respect to the principal amount of such advance that is to be prepaid or becomes due and payable pursuant to the 2024 Term Loan Agreement. The discounted present value portion of the prepayment fee is calculated by applying a discount rate on the same periodic basis as that on which interest on advances is payable equal to the three-month SOFR plus 2.00%.
Advances under the 2024 Term Loan are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all existing and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company, rank effectively junior to any of the Company's secured indebtedness (including unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and rank structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by certain of the Company's subsidiaries, financing vehicles or similar facilities.
The 2024 Term Loan Agreement contains other terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as (i) information reporting, (ii) maintenance of the Company's status as a business development company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (iii) minimum shareholders’ equity of $543.6 million, (iv) a minimum asset coverage ratio of not less than 150%, (v) an interest coverage ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1.00, and (vi) an unencumbered asset coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00, provided that (a) first lien senior secured loans and cash represent more than 65% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio and (b) equity interests or structured products in the aggregate represent less than 15% of the total value of unencumbered assets used by the Company for purposes of the ratio. In addition, the 2024 Term Loan Agreement contains customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness or derivative securities of the Company in an outstanding aggregate principal amount of at least $25,000, certain judgments and orders, and certain events of bankruptcy. As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.
On September 30, 2024, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $180 in connection with obtaining the 2024 Term Loan, which were recorded as a direct reduction to the outstanding balance of the 2024 Term Loan, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and will amortize to interest expense over the term of the 2024 Term Loan. At September 30, 2024, the unamortized portion of the debt issuance costs was $180.
As of September 30, 2024, the components of interest expense, average borrowings, and weighted average interest rate for the 2024 Term Loan were as follows:
September 30, 2024
Stated interest expense$
Amortization of deferred financing costs— 
Total interest expense$7 
Weighted average interest rate(1)8.40 %
Average borrowings$30,000 
(1) Includes the stated interest expense on the 2024 Term Loan and is annualized for periods covering less than one year.